1
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Gu L, Pillay RP, Aronson R, Kaur M. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein knock-down in conjunction with a cholesterol-depleting agent decreases tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38733508 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The cholesterogenic phenotype, encompassing de novo biosynthesis and accumulation of cholesterol, aids cancer cell proliferation and survival. Previously, the role of cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer protein (CETP) has been implicated in breast cancer aggressiveness, but the molecular basis of this observation is not clearly understood, which this study aims to elucidate. CETP knock-down resulted in a >50% decrease in cell proliferation in both 'estrogen receptor-positive' (ER+; Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) breast cancer cells) and 'triple-negative' breast cancer (TNBC; MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Intriguingly, the abrogation of CETP together with the combination treatment of tamoxifen (5 μM) and acetyl plumbagin (a cholesterol-depleting agent) (5 μM) resulted in twofold to threefold increase in apoptosis in both cell lines. CETP knockdown also showed decreased intracellular CE levels, lipid raft and lipid droplets in both cell lines. In addition, RT2 Profiler PCR array (Qiagen, Germany)-based gene expression analysis revealed an overall downregulation of genes associated in cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid signalling and drug resistance in MCF7 cells post-CETP knock-down. On the contrary, resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells was reduced through increased expression in cholesterol efflux genes and the expression of targetable surface receptors by endocrine therapy. The pilot xenograft mice study substantiated CETP's role as a cancer survival gene as knock-down of CETP stunted the growth of TNBC tumour by 86%. The principal findings of this study potentiate CETP as a driver in breast cancer growth and aggressiveness and thus targeting CETP could limit drug resistance via the reduction in cholesterol accumulation in breast cancer cells, thereby reducing cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gu
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ruvesh Pascal Pillay
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ruth Aronson
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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Muduli K, Pradhan J, Prusty M, Samal AP, Reddy KS, Elangovan S. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) promotes the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer stem cell-like cells. Med Oncol 2024; 41:78. [PMID: 38393411 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence are largely driven by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which constitute a subset of tumor cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the role of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) in the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of BCSCs. The inhibition of ERRα using XCT790 or knockdown of ERRα using shRNA inhibited the mammosphere formation efficiency, as well as the migration and invasion of BCSCs derived from the mammospheres of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 (MB231) cells. Conversely, the overexpression of ERRα significantly increased the migration and invasion of BCSCs derived from the mammosphere. In addition, the XCT790 treatment or shERRα significantly downregulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as evidenced by the downregulation in the expression of vimentin, Snail, Slug and N-cadherin in the mammospheres of MCF7 and MB231 cells. The chorioallantoic membrane assay showed that the conditioned media from XCT790-treated and shERRα cells significantly inhibited blood vessel formation and vessel length. Furthermore, XCT790 treatment or shERRα also downregulated the expression of molecular markers of angiogenesis, such as VEGF-A and Ang-2 in the mammospheres. Conversely, the overexpression of ERRα in MCF7 cells significantly increased both EMT and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that ERRα inhibits the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of BCSCs, suggesting as a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Muduli
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jagannath Pradhan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Monica Prusty
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Archana Priyadarshini Samal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - K Sony Reddy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Selvakumar Elangovan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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3
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Muduli K, Prusty M, Pradhan J, Samal AP, Sahu B, Roy DS, Reddy KS, Elangovan S. Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha (ERRα) Promotes Cancer Stem Cell-Like Characteristics in Breast Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2807-2819. [PMID: 37584854 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells drive tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis and recurrence. In the present study, we have evaluated the role of ERRα in the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) using breast cancer cell lines. The inhibition of ERRα with the inverse agonist, XCT-790, or the knockdown of ERRα in breast cancer cells significantly reduced the mammosphere formation efficiency and mammosphere size along with a significant reduction in the CD44+/CD24- BCSCs. Treatment with XCT-790 significantly downregulated expression of the transcription factors involved in stem cell maintenance such as Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, Nanog and c-Myc in the mammosphere forming stem cells of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. In addition, XCT-790 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the mammosphere-forming cells. The knockdown or inhibition of ERRα downregulated the expression of Notch1 and β-catenin, whereas the overexpression of ERRα in MCF7 cells upregulated the expression of these proteins. Moreover, the inhibition of ERRα synergistically enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel in inhibiting the BCSCs. These results show that ERRα is crucial for the maintenance of BCSCs and suggest that ERRα could be a potential target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Muduli
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Monica Prusty
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jagannath Pradhan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Archana Priyadarshini Samal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Bikash Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Debanjan Singha Roy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - K Sony Reddy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Selvakumar Elangovan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Glassman I, Le N, Asif A, Goulding A, Alcantara CA, Vu A, Chorbajian A, Mirhosseini M, Singh M, Venketaraman V. The Role of Obesity in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2061. [PMID: 37626871 PMCID: PMC10453206 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) by promoting insulin resistance, increases serum estrogen levels by the upregulation of aromatase, and promotes the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by macrophages. Increased circulating glucose has been shown to activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a significant signaling pathway in breast cancer pathogenesis. Estrogen plays an instrumental role in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers. The role of ROS in breast cancer warrants continued investigation, in relation to both pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. We aim to review the role of obesity in breast cancer pathogenesis and novel therapies mediating obesity-associated breast cancer development. We explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer incidence and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress modulates breast cancer pathogenesis. We discuss the role of glutathione, a ubiquitous antioxidant, in breast cancer therapy. Lastly, we review breast cancer therapies targeting mTOR signaling, leptin signaling, blood sugar reduction, and novel immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Glassman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Nghia Le
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Aamna Asif
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Anabel Goulding
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Cheldon Ann Alcantara
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Annie Vu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Abraham Chorbajian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mercedeh Mirhosseini
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Corona Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Corona, CA 92882, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
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5
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Musheyev D, Miller E, Birnbaum N, Miller E, Erblich S, Schuck A, Alayev A. Inhibition of ERK signaling for treatment of ERRα positive TNBC. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283047. [PMID: 37163498 PMCID: PMC10171695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in particular, is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of breast cancer that does not respond to established targeted therapies and is associated with poor prognosis and worse survival. Previous studies identified a subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer patients with high expression of estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRα) that has better prognosis when treated with tamoxifen. We therefore set out to identify common targets of tamoxifen and ERRα in the context of TNBC using phosphoproteomic analysis. In this study, we discovered that phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) is regulated by tamoxifen as well as ERRα. Additionally, we showed that inhibition of MAPK signaling together with the use of a selective ERRα inverse agonist, XCT-790, leads to a significant upregulation of apoptosis and paves way for the therapeutic use of MAPK inhibitors for treatment of ERRα expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musheyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Esther Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Natania Birnbaum
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisheva Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shoshana Erblich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Schuck
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
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6
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Gao Z, Wang T, Li R, Du Y, Lv H, Zhang L, Chen H, Shi X, Li Q, Shen J. The discovery of a novel series of potential ERRα inverse agonists based on p-nitrobenzenesulfonamide template for triple-negative breast cancer in vivo. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:125-134. [PMID: 34894977 PMCID: PMC8667933 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1995728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen related receptor α participated in the regulation of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, and was overexpressed in many cancers including triple-negative breast cancer. A set of new ERRα inverse agonists based on p-nitrobenzenesulfonamide template were discovered and compound 11 with high potent activity (IC50 = 0.80 μM) could significantly inhibit the transcription of ERRα-regulated target genes. By regulating the downstream signalling pathway, compound 11 could suppress the migration and invasion of the ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. Furthermore, compound 11 demonstrated a significant growth suppression of breast cancer xenograft tumours in vivo (inhibition rate 23.58%). The docking results showed that compound 11 could form hydrogen bonds with Glu331 and Arg372 in addition to its hydrophobic interaction with ligand-binding domain. Our data implied that compound 11 represented a novel and effective ERRα inverse agonist, which had broad application prospects in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Han Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
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7
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Li CL, Moi SH, Lin HS, Hou MF, Chen FM, Shih SL, Kan JY, Kao CN, Wu YC, Kao LC, Chen YH, Lee YC, Chiang CP. Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Identify a Candidate Gene Set in Cross-Resistance for Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810539. [PMID: 36142451 PMCID: PMC9501051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET) of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) has been used as the gold standard treatment for hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Despite its clinical benefits, approximately 30% of patients develop ET resistance, which remains a major clinical challenge in patients with HR+ breast cancer. The mechanisms of ET resistance mainly focus on mutations in the ER and related pathways; however, other targets still exist from ligand-independent ER reactivation. Moreover, mutations in the ER that confer resistance to SERMs or AIs seldom appear in SERDs. To date, little research has been conducted to identify a critical target that appears in both SERMs/SERDs and AIs. In this study, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analyses from two cohorts of The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) to identify the critical targets for both SERMs/SERDs and AIs of ET resistance. From a treatment response cohort with treatment response for the initial ET regimen and an endocrine therapy cohort with survival outcomes, we identified candidate gene sets that appeared in both SERMs/SERDs and AIs of ET resistance. The candidate gene sets successfully differentiated progress/resistant groups (PD) from complete response groups (CR) and were significantly correlated with survival outcomes in both cohorts. In summary, this study provides valuable clinical implications for the critical roles played by candidate gene sets in the diagnosis, mechanism, and therapeutic strategy for both SERMs/SERDs and AIs of ET resistance for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Liang Li
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ming Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Liang Shih
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yu Kan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ni Kao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Kao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Po Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2260)
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Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha (ERRα) a Bridge between Metabolism and Adrenocortical Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163885. [PMID: 36010877 PMCID: PMC9406166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive tumor associated with a very poor prognosis, mostly due to a high risk of recurrence and limited therapeutic options. The identification of “master regulators” of the metabolic changes occurring in cancer cells could offer new targets for innovative therapies. Such a strategy has never been used against ACC progression. In this study, we identify ERRα as key player in ACC metabolism and its targeting can prevent progression to a more aggressive phenotype. The development of new therapeutic strategies to selectively target ERRα in the adrenal with a selective antagonist would hinder ACC progression, avoiding off-target effects. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic changes that occur in adrenocortical cancer (ACC) cells in response to the modulation of Estrogen Related Receptor (ERR)α expression and the impact on ACC progression. Proteomics analysis and metabolic profiling highlighted an important role for ERRα in the regulation of ACC metabolism. Stable ERRα overexpression in H295R cells promoted a better mitochondrial fitness and prompted toward a more aggressive phenotype characterized by higher Vimentin expression, enhanced cell migration and spheroids formation. By contrast, a decrease in ERRα protein levels, by molecular (short hairpin RNA) and pharmacological (inverse agonist XCT790) approaches modified the energetic status toward a low energy profile and reduced Vimentin expression and ability to form spheroids. XCT790 produced similar effects on two additional ACC cell lines, SW13 and mitotane-resistant MUC-1 cells. Our findings show that ERRα is able to modulate the metabolic profile of ACC cells, and its inhibition can strongly prevent the growth of mitotane-resistant ACC cells and the progression of ACC cell models to a highly migratory phenotype. Consequently, ERRα can be considered an important target for the design of new therapeutic strategies to fight ACC progression.
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9
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Feng C, Xu Z, Tang X, Cao H, Zhang G, Tan J. Estrogen-Related Receptor α: A Significant Regulator and Promising Target in Bone Homeostasis and Bone Metastasis. Molecules 2022; 27:3976. [PMID: 35807221 PMCID: PMC9268386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained with the balance between bone formation and bone resorption, which is involved in the functional performance of osteoblast and osteoclast. Disruption of this equilibrium usually causes bone disorders including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteosclerosis. In addition, aberrant activity of bone also contributes to the bone metastasis that frequently occurs in the late stage of aggressive cancers. Orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor (ERRα) has been demonstrated to control the bone cell fate and the progression of tumor cells in bone through crosstalk with various molecules and signaling pathways. However, the defined function of this receptor in bone is inconsistent and controversial. Therefore, we summarized the latest research and conducted an overview to reveal the regulatory effect of ERRα on bone homeostasis and bone metastasis, this review may broaden the present understanding of the cellular and molecular model of ERRα and highlight its potential implication in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (C.F.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhaowei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (C.F.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xiaojie Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China; (X.T.); (H.C.)
| | - Haifei Cao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China; (X.T.); (H.C.)
| | - Guilong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (C.F.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jiangwei Tan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China; (X.T.); (H.C.)
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10
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Shatnawi A, Ayoub NM, Alkhalifa AE, Ibrahim DR. Estrogen-Related Receptors Gene Expression and Copy Number Alteration Association With the Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER: BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 16:11782234221086713. [PMID: 35359609 PMCID: PMC8961373 DOI: 10.1177/11782234221086713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: It has been suggested that dysregulation of transcription factors expression
or activity plays significant roles in breast cancer (BC) severity and poor
prognosis. Therefore, our study aims to thoroughly evaluate the
estrogen-related receptor isoforms (ESRRs) expression and copy number
alteration (CNA) status and their association with clinicopathologic
characteristics in BC. Methods: A METABRIC dataset consist of 2509 BC patients’ samples was obtained from the
cBioPortal public domain. The gene expression, putative CNA, and relevant
tumor information of ESRRs were retrieved. ESRRs messenger RNA (mRNA)
expression in BC cell lines was obtained from the Cancer Cell Line
Encyclopedia (CCLE). Association and correlation analysis of ESRRs
expression with BC clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular subtype
were performed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the
prognostic value of ESRRs expression on patient survival. Results: ESRRα expression correlated negatively with patients’ age and overall
survival, whereas positively correlated with tumor size, the number of
positive lymph nodes, and Nottingham prognostic index (NPI). Conversely,
ESRRγ expression was positively correlated with patients’ age and negatively
correlated with NPI. ESRRα and ESRRγ expression were significantly
associated with tumor grade, expression of hormone receptors, human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and molecular subtype, whereas
ESRRβ was only associated with tumor stage. A significant and distinct
association of each of ESRRs CNA with various clinicopathologic and
prognostic factors was also observed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis
demonstrated no significant difference for survival curves among BC patients
with high or low expression of ESRRα, β, or γ. On stratification, high ESRRα
expression significantly reduced survival among premenopausal patients,
patients with grade I/II, and early-stage disease. In BC cell lines, only
ESRRα expression was significantly higher in HER2-positive cells. No
significant association was observed between ESRRβ expression and any of the
clinicopathologic characteristics examined. Conclusions: In this clinical dataset, ESRRα and ESRRγ mRNA expression and CNA show a
significant correlation and association with distinct clinicopathologic and
prognostic parameters known to influence treatment outcomes; however, ESRRβ
failed to show a robust role in BC pathogenesis. ESRRα and ESRRγ can be
employed as therapeutic targets in BC-targeted therapy. However, the role of
ESRRβ in BC pathogenesis remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Shatnawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amer E Alkhalifa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dalia R Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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11
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Danza K, Porcelli L, De Summa S, Di Fonte R, Pilato B, Lacalamita R, Serratì S, Azzariti A, Tommasi S. The ERRα-VDR axis promotes calcitriol degradation and estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells, while VDR-CYP24A1-ERRα overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in patients with basal-like breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:904-920. [PMID: 34003583 PMCID: PMC8847991 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is used to reduce cancer risk and improve the outcome of cancer patients, but the vitamin D receptor (VDR; also known as the calcitriol receptor) pathway needs to be functionally intact to ensure the biological effects of circulating calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. Besides estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) has also been shown to interfere with the VDR pathway, but its role in the antitumor and transactivation activity of calcitriol is completely unknown in breast cancer (BC). We observed that ERRα functionally supported the proliferation of BC cell lines and acted as a calcitriol-induced regulator of VDR. As such, ERRα deregulated the calcitriol-VDR transcription by enhancing the expression of CYP24A1 as well as of both ERα and aromatase (CYP19A1) in calcitriol-treated cells. ERRα knockdown limited the effect of calcitriol by reducing calcitriol-induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and by affecting the expression of cyclin D1 and p21/Waf. The interactome analysis suggested that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) are key players in the genomic actions of the calcitriol-VDR-ERRα axis. Evaluation of patient outcomes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset showed the translational significance of the biological effects of the VDR-ERRα axis, highlighting that VDR, CYP24A1, and ERRα overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in basal-like BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Danza
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental PharmacologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Laboratory of Experimental PharmacologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Simona Serratì
- Laboratory of NanotechnologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental PharmacologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
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12
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Mir MA, Qayoom H, Mehraj U, Nisar S, Bhat B, Wani NA. Targeting Different Pathways Using Novel Combination Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:586-602. [PMID: 32418525 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200518081955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer accounting for 15-20% of cases and is defined by the lack of hormonal receptors viz., estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and expression of human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2). Treatment of TNBC is more challenging than other subtypes of breast cancer due to the lack of markers for the molecularly targeted therapies (ER, PR, and HER-2/ Neu), the conventional chemotherapeutic agents are still the mainstay of the therapeutic protocols of its patients. Despite, TNBC being more chemo-responsive than other subtypes, unfortunately, the initial good response to the chemotherapy eventually turns into a refractory drug-resistance. Using a monotherapy for the treatment of cancer, especially high-grade tumors like TNBC, is mostly worthless due to the inherent genetic instability of tumor cells to develop intrinsic and acquired resistance. Thus, a cocktail of two or more drugs with different mechanisms of action is more effective and could successfully control the disease. Furthermore, combination therapy reveals more, or at least the same, effectiveness with lower doses of every single agent and decreases the likelihood of chemoresistance. Herein, we shed light on the novel combinatorial approaches targeting PARP, EGFR, PI3K pathway, AR, and wnt signaling, HDAC, MEK pathway for efficient treatment of high-grade tumors like TNBC and decreasing the onset of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Hina Qayoom
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Safura Nisar
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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13
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Bergeron A, MacGrogan G, Bertaut A, Ladoire S, Arveux P, Desmoulins I, Bonnefoi H, Loustalot C, Auriol S, Beltjens F, Degrolard-Courcet E, Charon-Barra C, Richard C, Boidot R, Arnould L. Triple-negative breast lobular carcinoma: a luminal androgen receptor carcinoma with specific ESRRA mutations. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1282-1296. [PMID: 33753865 PMCID: PMC8216909 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary triple-negative invasive lobular breast carcinomas (TN-ILCs), which do not express hormone receptors and HER2 at diagnosis, are rare and poorly known. In this study, we analyzed the largest TN-ILC series ever reported in the literature, in comparison to phenotypically similar breast tumor subtypes: triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma (TN-IDC) and hormone receptor-positive invasive lobular carcinoma (HR + ILC). All primary TN-ILCs registered in our database between 2000 and 2018 (n = 38) were compared to tumors from control groups, matched by stage and Elston/Ellis grade, with regard to clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics. A comparative molecular analysis (whole-exome and RNA sequencing using next-generation technology) was also performed. We found that TN-ILC patients were older than those with HR + ILC (P = 0.002) or TN-IDC (P < 0.001). Morphologically, TN-ILCs had aggressive phenotypes, with more pleomorphism (P = 0.003) and higher nuclear grades than HR + ILCs (P = 0.009). Immunohistochemistry showed that TN-ILCs less frequently expressed basal markers (CK5/6, EGFR and SOX10) than TN-IDCs (P < 0.001), while androgen receptor (AR) positivity was more prevalent (P < 0.001). Survival curves analysis did not show differences between TN-ILC and TN-IDC patients, while overall and distant metastasis-free survival were significantly worse compared to those with HR + ILCs (P = 0.047 and P = 0.039, respectively). At a molecular level, we found that TN-ILCs had particular transcriptomic profiles, characterized by increased AR signaling, and associated with frequent alterations in the PI3K network and ERBB2. Interestingly, whole-exome analysis also identified three specific recurrent ESRRA hotspot mutations in these tumors, which have never been described in breast cancer to date and which were absent in the other two tumor subtypes. Our findings highlight that TN-ILC is a unique aggressive breast cancer associated with elderly age, which belong to the luminal androgen receptor subtype as determined by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic profiling. Moreover, it harbors specific molecular alterations (PI3K, ERBB2 and ESRRA) which may pave the way for new targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bergeron
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France.
| | - Gaëtan MacGrogan
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Bertaut
- Unit of Methodology and Biostatistics, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- INSERM U1231, Dijon, France
- University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Arveux
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Desmoulins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Hervé Bonnefoi
- INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sophie Auriol
- Department of Surgery, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Françoise Beltjens
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Degrolard-Courcet
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Charon-Barra
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Corentin Richard
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Arnould
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Biology and Pathology of the Tumors, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- INSERM U1231, Dijon, France
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14
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Gao Z, Du Y, Sheng X, Shen J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Based on 1-Phenyl-4-Benzoyl-1-Hydro-Triazole ERRα Inverse Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3724. [PMID: 33918423 PMCID: PMC8038295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), which is overexpressed in a variety of cancers has been considered as an effective target for anticancer therapy. ERRα inverse agonists have been proven to effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of cancer cells. As few crystalline complexes have been reported, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out in this study to deepen the understanding of the interaction mechanism between inverse agonists and ERRα. The binding free energy was analyzed by the MM-GBSA method. The results show that the total binding free energy was positively correlated with the biological activity of an inverse agonist. The interaction of the inverse agonist with the hydrophobic interlayer composed of Phe328 and Phe495 had an important impact on the biological activity of inverse agonists, which was confirmed by the decomposition of energy on residues. As Glu331 flipped and formed a hydrogen bond with Arg372 in the MD simulation process, the formation of hydrogen bond interaction with Glu331 was not a necessary condition for the compound to act as an inverse agonist. These rules provide guidance for the design of new inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Da Xue Road, Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Xiehuang Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wen Hua Dong Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jingkang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
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15
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Zhong Y, He K, Shi L, Chen L, Zhou B, Ma R, Yu H, Zhang J, Shuai Y, Fei Y, Lu J. Down-regulation of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) inhibits gastric cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5845-5857. [PMID: 33591949 PMCID: PMC7950300 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between estrogen-related receptor a (ERRα) expression level and gastric cancer (GC). METHODS We collected GC and adjacent normal tissues from 50 patients. The parameters of the patients were summarized, and correlation with the expression level of ERRα was calculated. Downregulated ERRα using lentivirus was designed and transfected to SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells. Cell migration, invasion and wound assays were conducted to determine the correlation between ERRα and capacity for cell migration and invasion. The expression level of the genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, including E-cadherin, γ-catenin, N-cadherin and vimentin, was determined via real-time or quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The expression of ERRα tends to be higher in GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Analyses ofthe expression level of ERRα and patient parameters show that the ERRα level is significantly correlated with TNM staging and patient survival (P<0.05). The downregulation of ERRα can inhibit cell invasion and migration, which was proven by Transwell and cell wound assays. The levels of E-cadherin and γ-catenin increased by conducting qPCR and Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the levels of N-cadherin and vimentin decreased when ERRα expression was reduced. CONCLUSION ERRα is highly expressed in GC tissues and can promote the migration and invasion of cancer cells. It can be a potential marker for GC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingxiang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Central Lab, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Invasive Technology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Imaging, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - You Shuai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Fei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Mukherjee TK, Malik P, Hoidal JR. The emerging role of estrogen related receptorα in complications of non-small cell lung cancers. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33664821 PMCID: PMC7882887 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a perilous (13–17%) 5-year survival in Europe and the USA. Although tobacco smoking has consistently emerged as the leading cause of NSCLC complications, its consequences are distinctly manifest with respect to sex bias, due to differential gene and sex hormone expression. Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα), a member of the nuclear orphan receptor superfamily is normally expressed in the lungs, and activates various nuclear genes without binding to the ligands, such as estrogens. In NSCLC ERRα expression is significantly higher compared with healthy individuals. It is well established ERα and ERβ‚ have 93% and 60% identity in the DNA and ligand binding domains, respectively. ERα and ERRα have 69% (70% with ERRα-1) and 34% (35% with ERRα-1) identity, respectively; ERRα and ERRβ‚ have 92 and 61% identity, respectively. However, whether there is distinctive ERRα interaction with mammalian estrogens or concurrent involvement in non-ER signalling pathway activation is not known. Relevant to NSCLC, ERRα promotes proliferation, invasion and migration by silencing the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, and accelerates G2-M transition during cell division. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of Slug (an EMT associated transcription factor) are the prominent mechanisms by which ERRα activates NSCLC metastasis. Based on these observations, the present article focuses on the feasibility of antiERRα therapy alone and in combination with antiER as a therapeutic strategy for NSCLC complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Mukherjee
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - John R Hoidal
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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17
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Tang J, Liu T, Wen X, Zhou Z, Yan J, Gao J, Zuo J. Estrogen-related receptors: novel potential regulators of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Mol Med 2021; 27:5. [PMID: 33446092 PMCID: PMC7809777 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with articular cartilage destruction, subchondral bone alterations, synovitis, and even joint deformity and the loss of joint function. Although current basic research on the pathogenesis of OA has made remarkable progress, our understanding of this disease still needs to be further improved. Recent studies have shown that the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family members ERRα and ERRγ may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of OA. In this review, we refer to the latest research on ERRs and the pathogenesis of OA, elucidate the structure and physiopathological functions of the ERR orphan nuclear receptor family, and systematically examine the relationship between ERRs and OA at the molecular level. Moreover, we also discuss and predict the capacity of ERRs as potential targets in the clinical treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xinggui Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingtong Yan
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianlin Zuo
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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18
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Unraveling the multifaceted nature of the nuclear function of mTOR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118907. [PMID: 33189783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Positioned at the axis between the cell and its environment, mTOR directs a wide range of cellular activity in response to nutrients, growth factors, and stress. Our understanding of the role of mTOR is evolving beyond the spatial confines of the cytosol, and its role in the nucleus becoming ever more apparent. In this review, we will address various studies that explore the role of nuclear mTOR (nmTOR) in specific cellular programs and how these pathways influence one another. To understand the emerging roles of nuclear mTOR, we discuss data and propose plausible mechanisms to offer novel ideas, hypotheses, and future research directions.
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19
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Golshan M, Khaleghi S, Shafiee SM, Valaee S, Ghanei Z, Jamshidizad A, Dashtizad M, Shamsara M. Metformin modulates oncogenic expression of HOTAIR gene via promoter methylation and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MDA-MB-231 cells. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:385-393. [PMID: 33164274 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological event, which critically regulates migration and invasion of cancer cells. EMT is regulated by several protein and nonprotein factors (such as noncoding RNAs). HOTAIR is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA that stimulates EMT in cancers. In the current study, we investigated the effect of metformin on EMT behavior and HOTAIR expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The minimal effective concentrations of metformin (10 and 20 mM) were obtained by the MTT test. Cell migration and invasion in the metformin-containing medium were assayed in the scratch assay and transwell test. Meaningful decreases in both cell migration and invasion were observed in the presence of metformin. Vimentin, snail, β-catenin, and HOTAIR transcripts were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Reduction in the expression of vimentin, β-catenin, and HOTAIR was detected as the result of metformin treatment, but the snail showed a constant expression. Western blottingrevealed the downregulation of vimentin and β-catenin proteins. HOTAIR promoter methylation pattern was also investigated in metformin-exposed cells using bisulfite sequencing PCR which the result showed differences in the methylation profile of CpG islands between the treated and untreated cells. In conclusion, metformin modulated oncogenic expression of the HOTAIR gene in the MDA-MB-231 cells. This downregulation was associated with the modification of promoter methylation patterns. Since HOTAIR induces EMT in breast cancer, HOTAIR decline might be one of the mechanisms by which metformin reverses EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Golshan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Khaleghi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Valaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghanei
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Jamshidizad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Dashtizad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Cansaran-Duman D, Tanman Ü, Yangın S, Atakol O. The comparison of miRNAs that respond to anti-breast cancer drugs and usnic acid for the treatment of breast cancer. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:10.1007/s10616-020-00430-7. [PMID: 33128199 PMCID: PMC7695759 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to compare usnic acid with anti-breast cancer drug molecules (A-BCDM) routinely used in the treatment of breast cancer. The miRNA information of 17 anti-breast cancer drug used in breast cancer treatment was obtained from the Small Molecule-miRNA Network-Based Inferance (SMIR-NBI) tool. We had been determined common and different expressed miRNAs between 17 A-BCDM & usnic acid and were classified according to the common miRNAs to reveal molecular similarity. As a result of the bioinformatic analyzes, 20 common miRNAs were determined between 17 A-BCDM and usnic acid. The common miRNAs were analyzed with bioinformatic tolls for determining pathways and targets. The most common miRNAs for 6 of 17 A-BCDM and usnic acid were determined as miR-374a-5p and miR-26a-5p. We compared the anti-proliferative effect of usnic acid and one of the 17 A-BCDM that tamoxifen on MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell with real-time cell analysis system. The real time PCR assay was carried out with miR-26a-5p for evaluate to expression level of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell and MCF-12A non-cancerous epithelial breast cell. As a result of study, usnic acid as novel candidate drug molecule showed high similarity ratio with 5-Fluorouracil, Sulindac Sulfide, Curcumin and Cisplatin A-BCDM used in treatment of breast cancer. miR-26a-5p as common response miRNA of usnic acid and tamoxifen was showed a decreased level of expression by validated qRT-PCR assay. The obtained from study, in addition to 17 A-BCDM, usnic acid has also the potential to be used as a candidate molecule in the treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, miR-26a-5p might be used as a biomarker in the treatment of breast cancer but further analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ümmügülsüm Tanman
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Yangın
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Atakol
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey
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Treeck O, Schüler-Toprak S, Ortmann O. Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112358. [PMID: 33114740 PMCID: PMC7692567 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor (ER) α, but the expression of estrogen receptors ERβ and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) is able to trigger estrogen-responsivity in TNBC. Estrogen signaling in TNBC can also be activated and modulated by the constitutively active estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). In this review article, we discuss the role of ERβ and GPER-1 as mediators of E2 action in TNBC as well as the function of ERRs as activators and modulators of estrogen signaling in this cancer entity. For this purpose, original research articles on estrogen actions in TNBC were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we performed meta-analyses of publicly accessible integrated gene expression and survival data to elucidate the association of ERβ, GPER-1, and ERR expression levels in TNBC with survival. Finally, options for endocrine therapy strategies for TNBC were discussed.
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Park SA, Sung NJ, Choi BJ, Kim W, Kim SH, Surh YJ. Gremlin-1 augments the oestrogen-related receptor α signalling through EGFR activation: implications for the progression of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:988-999. [PMID: 32572171 PMCID: PMC7493948 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gremlin-1 (GREM1), one of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonists, is involved in organogenesis, tissue differentiation and kidney development. However, the role of GREM1 in cancer progression and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS The role of GREM1 in breast cancer progression was assessed by measuring cell viability, colony formation, 3D tumour spheroid formation/invasion and xenograft tumour formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, a luciferase reporter assay and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the molecular events in which GREM1 is involved. RESULTS GREM1 expression was elevated in breast cancer cells and tissues obtained from breast cancer patients. Its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, especially those with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumours. GREM1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and xenograft mammary tumour growth, while its overexpression enhanced their viability, growth and invasiveness. Oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), an orphan nuclear hormone receptor, directly interacted with the GREM1 promoter and increased the expression of GREM1. GREM1 also enhanced the promoter activity of ESRRA encoding ERRα, comprising a positive feedback loop. Notably, GREM1 bound to and activated EGFR, a well-known upstream regulator of ERRα. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the GREM1-ERRα axis can serve as a potential therapeutic target in the management of cancer, especially ER-negative tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Aye Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Nam Ji Sung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Bae-Jung Choi
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Wu SY, Wang H, Shao ZM, Jiang YZ. Triple-negative breast cancer: new treatment strategies in the era of precision medicine. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:372-388. [PMID: 32803712 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most aggressive cluster of all breast cancers, which is due to its rapid progression, high probabilities of early recurrence, and distant metastasis resistant to standard treatment. Following the advances in cancer genomics and transcriptomics that can illustrate the comprehensive profiling of this heterogeneous disease, it is now possible to identify different subclasses of TNBC according to both intrinsic signals and extrinsic microenvironment, which have a huge influence on predicting response to established therapies and picking up novel therapeutic targets for each cluster. In this review, we summarize basic characteristics and critical subtyping systems of TNBC, and particularly discuss newly found prospective targets and relevant medications, which were proved promising in clinical trials, thus shedding light on the future development of precision treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Ghanbari F, Mader S, Philip A. Cholesterol as an Endogenous Ligand of ERRα Promotes ERRα-Mediated Cellular Proliferation and Metabolic Target Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 32717915 PMCID: PMC7463712 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Increased risk of breast cancer has been associated with high dietary cholesterol intake. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. The nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), plays an important role in breast cancer cell metabolism, and its overexpression has been linked to poor survival. Here we identified cholesterol as an endogenous ligand of ERRα by purification from human pregnancy serum using a GST-ERRα affinity column and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We show that cholesterol interacts with ERRα and induces its transcriptional activity in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In addition, we show that cholesterol enhances ERRα-PGC-1α interaction, induces ERRα expression itself, augments several metabolic target genes of ERRα, and increases cell proliferation and migration in both ER+ and TNBC cells. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of cholesterol on metabolic gene expression, cell proliferation, and migration requires the ERRα pathway. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the increased breast cancer risk associated with high dietary cholesterol and possibly the pro-survival effect of statins in breast cancer patients, highlighting the clinical relevance of lowering cholesterol levels in breast cancer patients overexpressing ERRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Ghanbari
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 1J7, Canada;
| | - Anie Philip
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
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25
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Distinct Roles of mTOR Targets S6K1 and S6K2 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041199. [PMID: 32054043 PMCID: PMC7072743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of protein translation, metabolism, cell growth and proliferation. It forms two complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1 is frequently deregulated in many cancers, including breast cancer, and is an important target for cancer therapy. The immunosuppressant drug rapamycin and its analogs that inhibit mTOR are currently being evaluated for their potential as anti-cancer agents, albeit with limited efficacy. mTORC1 mediates its function via its downstream targets 40S ribosomal S6 kinases (S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). There are two homologs of S6K: S6K1 and S6K2. Most of the earlier studies focused on S6K1 rather than S6K2. Because of their high degree of structural homology, it was generally believed that they behave similarly. Recent studies suggest that while they may share some functions, they may also exhibit distinct or even opposite functions. Both homologs have been implicated in breast cancer, although how they contribute to breast cancer may differ. The purpose of this review article is to compare and contrast the expression, structure, regulation and function of these two S6K homologs in breast cancer.
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26
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Mao X, Dong B, Gao M, Ruan G, Huang M, Braicu EI, Sehouli J, Sun P. Dual targeting of estrogen receptor α and estrogen-related receptor α: a novel endocrine therapy for endometrial cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6757-6767. [PMID: 31686835 PMCID: PMC6709363 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is a hormone dependent carcinoma that may involve complex molecular mechanisms. Endocrine therapy by blocking the estrogen and estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been effective in breast cancer, while it is still controversial in EC. Recently, estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was proven to be another endocrine therapy target. Methods The anti-tumor effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and XCT790 (XCT) used alone or in combination were evaluated in both of ERα-positive (ERα+) and ERα-negative (ERα-) EC cells. ERα and ERRα mRNA were tested by qPCR, while the protein was detected by Western blot. The proliferation was tested by MTS and cell cycle, apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results A relatively high dose (10 μM) of tamoxifen (TAM) suppressed the expression of ERα and ERRα in two types of EC cells. However, 10 μM raloxifene (RAL) exhibited no effect on ERα and ERRα, while 10 μM XCT down regulated ERRα specifically, but not ERα in all EC cells. When dual targeting on ERα and ERRα by combining TAM with XCT, the proliferation inhibitory effect and apoptosis reached the strongest in all EC cells (P<0.05). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of proliferation was attributed significantly to the G0/G1 arrest (P<0.05). Interestingly, the apoptosis induced by combining TAM with XCT were obviously higher in ERα+ EC cells than ERα- EC cells (P<0.05). Conclusion Taken together, the results indicate that dual targeting on ERα and ERRα represents a better anti-tumor effect, which provides a novel endocrine based therapy strategy for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoDan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Binhua Dong
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - GuanYu Ruan
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - MeiMei Huang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Elena Ioana Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité Universitätmedizin Berlin, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité Universitätmedizin Berlin, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - PengMing Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
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Kokabu T, Mori T, Matsushima H, Yoriki K, Kataoka H, Tarumi Y, Kitawaki J. Antitumor effect of XCT790, an ERRα inverse agonist, on ERα-negative endometrial cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:223-235. [PMID: 30706380 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The estrogen-related receptor (ERR) α is structurally similar to classical estrogen receptors (ERs), but is considered to be an orphan nuclear receptor. We previously found that ERRα regulates uterine endometrial cancer progression. Here, we investigated the efficacy of XCT790, a selective inverse agonist of ERRα, on endometrial cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HEC-1A and KLE, ERα-negative endometrial cancer cells exhibiting high ERRα expression levels, and HEC-1A cell-derived xenograft model mice were treated with XCT790. Transcriptional activity and cell proliferation were examined using luciferase, WST-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. Cell cycle progression was evaluated using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blotting. Apoptosis was evaluated using a caspase-3/7 activity assay. RESULTS We found that XCT790 significantly inhibited ERRα-induced in vitro transcriptional activity, including that of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene, in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). We also found that XCT790 suppressed colony formation and cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner (p < 0.01) without cytotoxicity, and induced apoptosis (p < 0.01). XCT790 was found to cause cell cycle arrest at the mitotic phase. Akt and mTOR phosphorylation was found to be inhibited by XCT790, but PI3K levels were not found to be significantly affected. Combination therapy of XCT790 with paclitaxel elicited a synergistic inhibitory effect. Additionally, we found that XCT790 significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth and angiogenesis, and induced apoptosis without a reduction in body weight, in xenograft models (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that XCT790 has an anti-tumor effect on endometrial cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. As such, it may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kokabu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Matsushima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kaori Yoriki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kataoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tarumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Jo Kitawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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De Vitto H, Bode AM, Dong Z. The PGC-1/ERR network and its role in precision oncology. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:9. [PMID: 30911677 PMCID: PMC6428848 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators include a superfamily of nuclear proteins referred to as co-activators and co-repressors, both of which are involved in controlling the functions of several nuclear receptors (NRs). The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) has cataloged the composition of NRs, co-regulators, and ligands present in the human cell and their effort has been identified in more than 600 potential molecules. Given the importance of co-regulators in steroid, retinoid, and thyroid hormone signaling networks, hypothesizing that NRs/co-regulators are implicated in a wide range of pathologies are tempting. The co-activators known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) and their key nuclear partner, the estrogen-related receptor (ERR), are emerging as pivotal transcriptional signatures that regulate an extremely broad repertoire of mitochondrial and metabolic genes, making them very attractive drug targets for cancer. Several studies have provided an increased understanding of the functional and structural biology of nuclear complexes. However, more comprehensive work is needed to create different avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of NRs/co-activators in precision oncology. Here, we discuss the emerging data associated with the structure, function, and molecular biology of the PGC-1/ERR network and address how the concepts evolving from these studies have deepened our understanding of how to develop more effective treatment strategies. We present an overview that underscores new biological insights into PGC-1/ERR to improve cancer outcomes against therapeutic resistance. Finally, we discuss the importance of exploiting new technologies such as single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to develop a high-resolution biological structure of PGC-1/ERR, focusing on novel drug discovery for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto De Vitto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, Austin, NE 55912 USA
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Ünver H, Berber B, Demirel R, Koparal AT. Design, Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative, Anti-microbial, Anti-Angiogenic Activity and In Silico Analysis of Novel Hydrazone Derivatives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1658-1669. [PMID: 30887930 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190318125824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Hydrazone and hydrazone derivatives have high activity, and for this reason, these compound are greatly used by researchers to synthesize new anti-cancer drug. The aim of this research work is to synthesize novel anticancer agents. METHODS New hydrazone derivatives were synthesized via a reaction between 3-formylphenyl methyl carbonate and benzhydrazide, 4-methylbenzoic hydrazide, 4-tert-butylbenzoic hydrazide, 4-nitrobenzoic hydrazide and 3- methoxybenzoic hydrazide, and were successfully characterized using elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial (some grampositive and -negative bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts), anti-proliferative (T47D and HCC1428-breast cancer cells) and anti-angiogenic (HUVEC-endothelial cells) activities. The anti-proliferative activities of the hydrazone compounds R1-R5 were studied on these cell lines by MTT assay. The anti-angiogenic potential of the compounds was determined by the endothelial tube formation assay. To identify structural features related to the anti-proliferative activity of these compounds, 2D-QSAR was performed. RESULT The results indicated that compound R3 exhibited strong anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cell lines and healthy cell lines. Also, this compound; possessing a tertiary butyl moiety on the hydrazine, exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms; in particular, it inhibited Candida albicans at a lower concentration than ketoconazole. Among the investigated compounds, those bearing methyl, tertiary butyl (compound R2, R3) and methoxy (compound R5) moiety were found to be more successful anticandidal derivatives than standard antifungal antibiotics. The QSAR analysis suggested that the tumor specificity of the hydrazone correlated with their molecular weight, lipophilicity, molar refractivity, water solubility, DipolHybrid:(MOPAC) and ExchangeEnergy:(MOPAC). Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination (ADME) analysis of the hydrazone compounds showed that they have favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties. The ADME results clarify that R3 is the best compound in terms of pharmacokinetic properties. In contrast to other compounds; target prediction analysis of the compound R3 showed inhibitory activity on estrogen-related receptor alpha transcription factor (ESRRA). The target prediction analysis was supported by molinspiration bioactivity score. CONCLUSION The R3 compound is considered to be an important candidate for future studies with its suitability for the Lipinski's rule of five for drug-likeness, and effective in vitro and in silico results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ünver
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Burak Berber
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Rasime Demirel
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe T Koparal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Al-Mahmood S, Sapiezynski J, Garbuzenko OB, Minko T. Metastatic and triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and treatment options. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1483-1507. [PMID: 29978332 PMCID: PMC6133085 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The major current conventional types of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatments include surgery, radiation, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Introducing biological drugs, targeted treatment and gene therapy can potentially reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life in patients with MBC. However, combination of several types of treatment is usually recommended. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10-20% of all cases of breast carcinoma and is characterized by the low expression of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Consequently, convenient treatments used for MBC that target these receptors are not effective for TNBC which therefore requires special treatment approaches. This review discusses the occurrence of MBC, the prognosis and predictive biomarkers of MBC, and focuses on the novel advanced tactics for treatment of MBC and TNBC. Nanotechnology-based combinatorial approach for the suppression of EGFR by siRNA and gifitinib is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayah Al-Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Justin Sapiezynski
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Olga B Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Proteasome inhibition induces IKK-dependent interleukin-8 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells: Opportunity for combination therapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201858. [PMID: 30089134 PMCID: PMC6082561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells express increased levels of the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8), which promotes their proliferation and migration. Because TNBC patients are unresponsive to current targeted therapies, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. While proteasome inhibition by bortezomib (BZ) or carfilzomib (CZ) has been effective in treating hematological malignancies, it has been less effective in solid tumors, including TNBC, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we report that proteasome inhibition significantly increases expression of IL-8, and its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, in TNBC cells. Suppression or neutralization of the BZ-induced IL-8 potentiates the BZ cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect in TNBC cells. The IL-8 expression induced by proteasome inhibition in TNBC cells is mediated by IκB kinase (IKK), increased nuclear accumulation of p65 NFκB, and by IKK-dependent p65 recruitment to IL-8 promoter. Importantly, inhibition of IKK activity significantly decreases proliferation, migration, and invasion of BZ-treated TNBC cells. These data provide the first evidence demonstrating that proteasome inhibition increases the IL-8 signaling in TNBC cells, and suggesting that IKK inhibitors may increase effectiveness of proteasome inhibitors in treating TNBC.
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Franks LN, Ford BM, Fujiwara T, Zhao H, Prather PL. The tamoxifen derivative ridaifen-B is a high affinity selective CB 2 receptor inverse agonist exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:31-42. [PMID: 29906493 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) target estrogen receptors (ERs) to treat breast cancer and osteoporosis. Several SERMs exhibit anti-cancer activity not related to ERs. To discover novel anti-cancer drugs acting via ER-independent mechanisms, derivatives of the SERM tamoxifen, known as the "ridaifen" compounds, have been developed that exhibit reduced or no ER affinity, while maintaining cytotoxicity. Tamoxifen and other SERMs bind to cannabinoid receptors with moderate affinity. Therefore, ER-independent effects of SERMs might be mediated via cannabinoid receptors. This study determined whether RID-B, a first generation ridaifen compound, exhibits affinity and/or activity at CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors. RID-B binds with high affinity (Ki = 43.7 nM) and 17-fold selectivity to CB2 over CB1 receptors. RID-B acts as an inverse agonist at CB2 receptors, modulating G-protein and adenylyl cyclase activity with potency values predicted by CB2 affinity. Characteristic of an antagonist, RID-B co-incubation produces a parallel-rightward shift in the concentration-effect curve of CB2 agonist WIN-55,212-2 to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. CB2 inverse agonists are reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-ostoeclastogenic effects. In LPS-activated macrophages, RID-B exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing levels of nitric oxide (NO), IL-6 and IL-1α, but not TNFα. Only reduction of NO concentration by RID-B is mediated by cannabinoid receptors. RID-B also exhibits pronounced anti-osteoclastogenic effects, reducing the number of osteoclasts differentiating from primary bone marrow macrophages in a cannabinoid receptor-dependent manner. In summary, the tamoxifen derivative RID-B, developed with reduced affinity for ERs, is a high affinity selective CB2 inverse agonist with anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic properties.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- CHO Cells
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Pyrrolidines/metabolism
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/metabolism
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives
- Tamoxifen/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirit N Franks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ford
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Yu G, Lin J, Liu C, Hou K, Liang M, Shi B. Long non-coding RNA SPRY4-IT1 promotes development of hepatic cellular carcinoma by interacting with ERRα and predicts poor prognosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17176. [PMID: 29214989 PMCID: PMC5719451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become one of the most common leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study investigates the role of lncRNA, SPRY4-IT1 in the development of HCC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed and the results showed that SPRY4-IT1 expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues and high expression of SPRY4-IT1 was associated with poor 5-year overall survival in the HCC patient cohort. Clinicopathological analysis showed that the expression of SPRY4-IT1 was significantly correlated with TNM stage in HCC patients. In vitro CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, cell invasion and migration assays demonstrated that knock-down of SPRY4-IT1 suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and migration in HCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that knock-down of SPRY4-IT1 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, knock-down of SPRY4-IT1 also suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). Similarly, knock-down of ERRα inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and migration in HCC cells. More importantly, ERRα overexpression antagonized the effects of SPRY4-IT1 knock-down on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and migration in HCC cells. Taken together, our data highlights the pivotal role of SPRY4-IT1 in the tumorigenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jieheng Lin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kailian Hou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyun Shi
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Bostner J, Alayev A, Berman AY, Fornander T, Nordenskjöld B, Holz MK, Stål O. Raptor localization predicts prognosis and tamoxifen response in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:17-27. [PMID: 29128895 PMCID: PMC5847064 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Deregulated PI3K/mTOR signals can promote the growth of breast cancer and contribute to endocrine treatment resistance. This report aims to investigate raptor and its intracellular localization to further understand its role in ER-positive breast cancer. Methods Raptor protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 756 primary breast tumors from postmenopausal patients randomized to tamoxifen or no tamoxifen. In vitro, the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells were studied to track the raptor signaling changes upon resistance, and raptor localization in ERα-positive cell lines was compared with that in ERα-negative cell lines. Results Raptor protein expression in the nucleus was high in ER/PgR-positive and HER2-negative tumors with low grade, features associated with the luminal A subtype. Presence of raptor in the nucleus was connected with ERα signaling, here shown by a coupled increase of ERα phosphorylation at S167 and S305 with accumulation of nuclear raptor. In addition, the expression of ERα-activated gene products correlated with nuclear raptor. Similarly, in vitro we observed raptor in the nucleus of ERα-positive, but not of ER-negative cells. Interestingly, raptor localized to the nucleus could still be seen in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells. The clinical benefit from tamoxifen was inversely associated with an increase of nuclear raptor. High cytoplasmic raptor expression indicated worse prognosis on long-term follow-up. Conclusion We present a connection between raptor localization to the nucleus and ERα-positive breast cancer, suggesting raptor as a player in stimulating the growth of the luminal A subtype and a possible target along with endocrine treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-017-4508-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Bostner
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adi Y Berman
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tommy Fornander
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Nordenskjöld
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marina K Holz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Ning Y, Chen H, Du Y, Ling H, Zhang L, Chen L, Qi H, Shi X, Li Q. A novel compound LingH2-10 inhibits the growth of triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo as a selective inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor α. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:913-922. [PMID: 28715872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other breast cancer subtypes, targeted therapies for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have yet to progress past clinical trial stage to approval. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) indicated worse prognosis and correlated with poor outcome in breast cancers including TNBC. Therefore, ERRα modulators/regulators may be potential in the therapeutic treatment of breast cancers. In the current study, we presented a novel compound LingH2-10 that bound to ERRα, as identified using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay (TR-FRET) with the IC50 value of 0.64±0.12μM. Further, functional activity was determined by transient transfection luciferase reporter assay in order to validate the utility of the binding affinity in a cellular context. LingH2-10 showed selective inhibition on ERRα transcriptional activity with the IC50 value of 0.58±0.09μM in cell-based luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, representative in vitro results showed that LingH2-10 suppressed the proliferation of various human cancer cells, and inhibited the migration of triple negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231. In addition, our results demonstrated that well known ERRα target genes such as PDK4, Osteopontin and pS2, were all significantly down modulated by LingH2-10. In vivo experiments showed that LingH2-10 (30mg/kg, every other day) observably suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors by 42.02% compared to untreated xenograft tumors. Taken together, all these data suggested that LingH2-10, as a selective inverse agonist of ERRα, was a lead compound of anti-cancer agents for treating TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ning
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Hao Ling
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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36
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Berman AY, Manna S, Schwartz NS, Katz YE, Sun Y, Behrmann CA, Yu JJ, Plas DR, Alayev A, Holz MK. ERRα regulates the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells via S6K1-dependent mechanism. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2. [PMID: 28890840 PMCID: PMC5589335 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear factor that is a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism. ERRα is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, cervical and breast, and is associated with a more aggressive tumor and a worse outcome. In breast cancer, specifically, high ERRα expression is associated with an increased rate of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Because of the common functions of ERRα and the mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway in regulation of cellular metabolism and breast cancer pathogenesis, we focused on investigating the biochemical relationship between ERRα and S6K1. We found that ERRα negatively regulates S6K1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Downregulation of ERRα expression sensitized ERα-negative breast cancer cells to mTORC1/S6K1 inhibitors. Therefore, our results show that combinatorial inhibition of ERRα and mTORC1/S6K1 may have clinical utility in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Y Berman
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subrata Manna
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yardena E Katz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jane J Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina K Holz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and the Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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37
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Du Y, Song L, Zhang L, Ling H, Zhang Y, Chen H, Qi H, Shi X, Li Q. The discovery of novel, potent ERR-alpha inverse agonists for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:457-467. [PMID: 28525844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan receptor and a novel target for solid tumor therapy, conceivably through effects on the regulation of tumor cell energy metabolism associated with energy stress within solid tumor micro environments. Here we describe the discovery of novel potent inverse agonists of ERRα. In vitro, compound 11 potently inhibits ERRα's transcriptional activity by preventing endogenous PGC-1α and ERRα binding and suppresses the proliferation of different human cancer cell lines and the migration of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). In vivo, compound 11 demonstrates a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of human breast cancer xenografts (MDA-MB-231) and the tumor growth is inhibited by 40.9% after treating with compound 11 (30 mg/kg). The binding mode shows that compound 11 interacts with the binding pocket of ERRα through hydrogen interactions with the residue Gly397 and hydrophobic interactions with the hydrophobic residues. All these results suggest that compound 11 represents a novel potent ERRα inverse agonist and is promising in the discovery of antitumor compounds for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Lianhua Song
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Hao Ling
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China.
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38
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Wang J, Xu Y, Li L, Wang L, Yao R, Sun Q, Du G. FOXC1 is associated with estrogen receptor alpha and affects sensitivity of tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 6:275-287. [PMID: 28028927 PMCID: PMC5269562 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXC1 is a member of Forkhead box transcription factors that participates in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that FOXC1 was highly expressed in triple‐negative breast cancer. However, it remains unclear what is the relation between FOXC1 and ERα and if FOXC1 regulates expression of ERα. To explore relation between FOXC1 and ERα and discover regulation of ERα expression by FOXC1 in breast cancer, we analyzed data assembled in the Oncomine and TCGA, and found that there was significantly higher FOXC1 expression in estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer than that in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer. Overexpression of FOXC1 reduced expression of ERα and cellular responses to estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen in the MCF‐7 FOXC1 and T47D FOXC1 cells, while knockdown of FOXC1 induced expression of ERα and improved responses to estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen in BT549 FOXC1 shRNA and HCC1806 FOXC1 shRNA cells. In addition, overexpression of FOXC1 reduced expression of progesterone receptor (PR), Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), and XBP1 (X‐Box Binding Protein 1) and significantly reduced luciferase activity caused by E2 using ERE luciferase reporter assay. These results suggested that FOXC1 regulated expression of ERα and affected sensitivity of tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer, and that FOXC1 may be used as a potential therapeutic target in ERα‐negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI) at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, 90404
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ru Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Zhang L, Liu P, Chen H, Li Q, Chen L, Qi H, Shi X, Du Y. Characterization of a selective inverse agonist for estrogen related receptor α as a potential agent for breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:439-448. [PMID: 27498368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor that plays a primary role in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis and osteogenesis. It is reported that ERRα is widely expressed in a range of tissues and accumulating evidence has supported that the high expression of ERRα correlates with poor prognosis of various human malignancies, including breast, endometrium, colon, prostate and ovary cancers. Herein is described the discovery of a novel selective inverse agonist (HSP1604) of ERRα, but not of ERRβ and ERRγ, as determined using transient transfection luciferase reporter assay and a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) co-activator assay. HSP1604 potently inhibits ERRα transcriptional activity with IC50=1.47±0.17μM in cell-based luciferase reporter assay and also decreases the protein level of ERRα and the mRNA levels of its downstream target genes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), pS2 and osteopontin. HSP1604 has also suppressed the proliferation of different human cancer cell lines and the migration of breast cancer cells with high expression of ERRα. Representative in vivo results show that HSP1604 suppresses the growth of human breast cancer xenograft in nude mice as doses at 30mg/kg or 100mg/kg administered every other day during 28-day period. HSP1604 thus has the potential both as a new agent to inhibit the growth of tumors and as a chemical probe of ERRα biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Peihong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Qunyi Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Huijie Qi
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
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40
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Han L, Liu B, Jiang L, Liu J, Han S. MicroRNA-497 downregulation contributes to cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of estrogen receptor alpha negative breast cancer by targeting estrogen-related receptor alpha. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13205-13214. [PMID: 27456360 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis has become the main challenge for treatment of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) negative breast cancer. Here, we found a negative correlation between miR-497 and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), a nuclear receptor overexpressed in ERα negative breast cancer. Targeted inhibition of ERRα by si-RNA increased miR-497 expression while overexpression of ERRα inhibited miR-497 expression. Further investigation showed that miR-497 targeted ERRα by binding to the 3'UTR region of ERRα. Luciferase assay and ChIP assay confirmed that ERα directly regulated the transcription of miR-497, suggesting that loss of ERα lowered miR-497 level in ERα negative breast cancer. Further, overexpression of miR-497 not only inhibited ERRα expression but also reduced MIF level and MMP9 activity, which led to significant decreases in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of ERα negative breast cancer. Taken together, our findings suggested that, in ERα negative breast cancer, the low level of ERα reduced miR-497 expression, which promoted ERRα expression that enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by increasing MIF expression and MMP9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No.440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No.440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No.440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No.440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Shumei Han
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No.440 Ji Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
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Griveau A, Devailly G, Eberst L, Navaratnam N, Le Calvé B, Ferrand M, Faull P, Augert A, Dante R, Vanacker JM, Vindrieux D, Bernard D. The PLA2R1-JAK2 pathway upregulates ERRα and its mitochondrial program to exert tumor-suppressive action. Oncogene 2016; 35:5033-42. [PMID: 27041564 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the biological role of the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) transmembrane protein. In recent years, PLA2R1 has been shown to have an important role in regulating tumor-suppressive responses via JAK2 activation, but the underlying mechanisms are largely undeciphered. In this study, we observed that PLA2R1 increases the mitochondrial content, judged by increased levels of numerous mitochondrial proteins, of the mitochondrial structural component cardiolipin, of the mitochondrial DNA content, and of the mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription factor TFAM. This effect of PLA2R1 relies on a transcriptional program controlled by the estrogen-related receptor alpha1 (ERRα) mitochondrial master regulator. Expression of ERRα and of its nucleus-encoded mitochondrial targets is upregulated upon PLA2R1 ectopic expression, and this effect is mediated by JAK2. Conversely, downregulation of PLA2R1 decreases the level of ERRα and of its nucleus-encoded mitochondrial targets. Finally, blocking the ERRα-controlled mitochondrial program largely inhibits the PLA2R1-induced tumor-suppressive response. Together, our data document ERRα and its mitochondrial program as downstream effectors of the PLA2R1-JAK2 pathway leading to oncosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Griveau
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G Devailly
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - L Eberst
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - N Navaratnam
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - B Le Calvé
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Ferrand
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P Faull
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Augert
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - R Dante
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J M Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Vindrieux
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Bernard
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Wu YM, Chen ZJ, Jiang GM, Zhang KS, Liu Q, Liang SW, Zhou Y, Huang HB, Du J, Wang HS. Inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor α suppresses the growth of triple negative breast cancer cells through ROS generation and interaction with multiple cell signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 7:12568-81. [PMID: 26871469 PMCID: PMC4914305 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent clinical need for targeted therapy approaches for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Increasing evidences suggested that the expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) was correlate with unfavorable clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients. We here show that inhibition of ERRα by its inverse agonist XCT-790 can suppress the proliferation, decrease G2/M phases, and induce mitochondrial-related apoptosis of TNBC cells. XCT-790 elevates the proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress such as ATF4/6, XBT-1 and CHOP. It also increases the expression of growth inhibition related proteins such as p53 and p21. Further, XCT-790 can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TNBC cells mainly through inhibition of SOD1/2. While ROS scavenger NAC abolishes XCT-790 induced ER-stress and growth arrest. XCT-790 treatment can rapidly activate the signal molecules including ERK1/2, p38-MAPK, JNK, Akt, p65, and IκBα, while NAC attenuates effects of XCT-790 induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38-MAPK and Akt. Further, the inhibitors of ERK1/2, JNK, Akt, and NF-κB attenuate XCT-790 induced ROS generation. These data suggest that AKT/ROS and ERK/ROS positive feedback loops, NF-κB/ROS, and ROS/p38-MAPK, are activated in XCT-790 treated TNBC cells. In vivo experiments show that XCT-790 significantly suppresses the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors, which is associated with up regulation of p53, p21, ER-stress related proteins while down regulation of bcl-2. The present discovery makes XCT-790 a promising candidate drug and lays the foundation for future development of ERRα-based therapies for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Min Wu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuo-Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Kun-Shui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Wei Liang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Bin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator and is mainly indicated for the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and postsurgery neoadjuvant therapy in ER-positive breast cancers. Interestingly, 5–10% of the ER-negative breast cancers have also shown sensitivity to tamoxifen treatment. The involvement of molecular markers and/or signaling pathways independent of ER signaling has been implicated in tamoxifen sensitivity in the ER-negative subgroup. Studies reveal that variation in the expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha, ER subtype beta, tumor microenvironment, and epigenetics affects tamoxifen sensitivity. This review discusses the background of the research on the action of tamoxifen that may inspire future studies to explore effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancers, the latter being an aggressive disease with worse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Manna
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina K Holz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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