1
|
Francelin C, Veneziani LP, Farias ADS, Mendes-da-Cruz DA, Savino W. Neurotransmitters Modulate Intrathymic T-cell Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668067. [PMID: 33928093 PMCID: PMC8076891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems is well established. Neurotransmitters can be produced by immune cells, whereas cytokines can be secreted by cells of nervous tissues. Additionally, cells of both systems express the corresponding receptors. Herein, we discuss the thymus as a paradigm for studies on the neuroimmune network. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes. Intrathymic T-cell development is mostly controlled by the thymic microenvironment, formed by thymic epithelial cells (TEC), dendritic cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Developing thymocytes and microenvironmental cells can be influenced by exogenous and endogenous stimuli; neurotransmitters are among the endogenous molecules. Norepinephrine is secreted at nerve endings in the thymus, but are also produced by thymic cells, being involved in controlling thymocyte death. Thymocytes and TEC express acetylcholine receptors, but the cognate neurotransmitter seems to be produced and released by lymphoid and microenvironmental cells, not by nerve endings. Evidence indicates that, among others, TECs also produce serotonin and dopamine, as well as somatostatin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the typical pituitary neurohormones, oxytocin and arg-vasopressin. Although functional data of these molecules in the thymus are scarce, they are likely involved in intrathymic T cell development, as exemplified by somatostatin, which inhibits thymocyte proliferation, differentiation, migration and cytokine production. Overall, intrathymic neuroimmune interactions include various neurotransmitters, most of them of non-neuronal origin, and that should be placed as further physiological players in the general process of T-cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Francelin
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Luciana Peixoto Veneziani
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Dos Santos Farias
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilson Savino
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morelli AE, Sumpter TL, Rojas-Canales DM, Bandyopadhyay M, Chen Z, Tkacheva O, Shufesky WJ, Wallace CT, Watkins SC, Berger A, Paige CJ, Falo LD, Larregina AT. Neurokinin-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Efficient Ca 2+ Flux in T-Cell-Receptor-Activated T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3448-3465.e8. [PMID: 32160549 PMCID: PMC7169378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient Ca2+ flux induced during cognate T cell activation requires signaling the T cell receptor (TCR) and unidentified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). T cells express the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR that mediates Ca2+ flux in excitable and non-excitable cells. However, the role of the NK1R in TCR signaling remains unknown. We show that the NK1R and its agonists, the neuropeptides substance P and hemokinin-1, co-localize within the immune synapse during cognate activation of T cells. Simultaneous TCR and NK1R stimulation is necessary for efficient Ca2+ flux and Ca2+-dependent signaling that sustains the survival of activated T cells and helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 bias. In a model of contact dermatitis, mice with T cells deficient in NK1R or its agonists exhibit impaired cellular immunity, due to high mortality of activated T cells. We demonstrate an effect of the NK1R in T cells that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and its receptors. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) induces Ca2+ flux in excitable cells. Here, Morelli et al. show that NK1R signaling in T cells promotes optimal Ca2+ flux triggered by TCR stimulation, which is necessary to sustain T cell survival and the efficient Th1- and Th17-based immunity that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Sumpter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Olga Tkacheva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Shufesky
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ostróżka-Cieślik A, Dolińska B. The Role of Hormones and Trophic Factors as Components of Preservation Solutions in Protection of Renal Function before Transplantation: A Review of the Literature. Molecules 2020; 25:E2185. [PMID: 32392782 PMCID: PMC7248710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is currently a routine method for treating end-stage organ failure. In recent years, there has been some progress in the development of an optimal composition of organ preservation solutions, improving the vital functions of the organ and allowing to extend its storage period until implantation into the recipient. Optimizations are mostly based on commercial solutions, routinely used to store grafts intended for transplantation. The paper reviews hormones with a potential nephroprotective effect, which were used to modify the composition of renal perfusion and preservation solutions. Their effectiveness as ingredients of preservation solutions was analysed based on a literature review. Hormones and trophic factors are innovative preservation solution supplements. They have a pleiotropic effect and affect normal renal function. The expression of receptors for melatonin, prolactin, thyrotropin, corticotropin, prostaglandin E1 and trophic factors was confirmed in the kidneys, which suggests that they are a promising therapeutic target for renal IR (ischemia-reperfusion) injury. They can have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, limiting IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Barbara Dolińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- “Biochefa” Pharmaceutical Research and Production Plant, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McMahon SB, Russa FL, Bennett DLH. Crosstalk between the nociceptive and immune systems in host defence and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:389-402. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Towards Neuroimmunotherapy for Cancer: the Neurotransmitters Glutamate, Dopamine and GnRH-II augment substantially the ability of T cells of few Head and Neck cancer patients to perform spontaneous migration, chemotactic migration and migration towards the autologous tumor, and also elevate markedly the expression of CD3zeta and CD3epsilon TCR-associated chains. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:1007-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
6
|
Backman LJ, Fong G, Andersson G, Scott A, Danielson P. Substance P is a mechanoresponsive, autocrine regulator of human tenocyte proliferation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27209. [PMID: 22069500 PMCID: PMC3206074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesised that substance P (SP) may be produced by primary fibroblastic tendon cells (tenocytes), and that this production, together with the widespread distribution of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1 R) in tendon tissue, could play an important role in the development of tendinopathy, a condition of chronic tendon pain and thickening. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of endogenous SP production and the expression of NK-1 R by human tenocytes. Because tendinopathy is related to overload, and because the predominant tissue pathology (tendinosis) underlying early tendinopathy is characterized by tenocyte hypercellularity, the production of SP in response to loading/strain and the effects of exogenously administered SP on tenocyte proliferation were also studied. A cell culture model of primary human tendon cells was used. The vast majority of tendon cells were immunopositive for the tenocyte/fibroblast markers tenomodulin and vimentin, and immunocytochemical counterstaining revealed that positive immunoreactions for SP and NK-1 R were seen in a majority of these cells. Gene expression analyses showed that mechanical loading (strain) of tendon cell cultures using the FlexCell© technique significantly increased the mRNA levels of SP, whereas the expression of NK-1 R mRNA decreased in loaded as compared to unloaded tendon cells. Reduced NK-1 R protein was also observed, using Western blot, after exogenously administered SP at a concentration of 10−7 M. SP exposure furthermore resulted in increased cell metabolism, increased cell viability, and increased cell proliferation, all of which were found to be specifically mediated via the NK-1 R; this in turn involving a common mitogenic cell signalling pathway, namely phosphorylation of ERK1/2. This study indicates that SP, produced by tenocytes in response to mechanical loading, may regulate proliferation through an autocrine loop involving the NK-1 R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig J. Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gloria Fong
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gustav Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Scott
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patrik Danielson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mignini F, Sabbatini M, D'Andrea V, Cavallotti C. Neuropeptides of human thymus in normal and pathological conditions. Peptides 2011; 32:920-8. [PMID: 21291932 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human thymus of healthy subjects and patients affected by thymoma-associated Myastenia Gravis were studied in order to visualize and compare the morphological distributive pattern of four neuropeptides: vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and neurotensin. Based on our observations, we formulated hypotheses on their relations in neuro-immunomodulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Immuno-histochemical staining for neuropeptides was performed and morphological and morphometrical analyses were conducted on healthy and diseased thymus. In normal thymus, a specific distributive pattern was observed for the several neuropeptide-positive nerves in different thymus lobular zones. In particular substance P-positive fibers were observed in subcapsular zone, specifically located into parenchyma, where they represent the almost total amount of fibers; neurotensin-positive fibers were observed primarily located in parenchyma than perivascular site of several thymus lobular zones, and more abundant the cortico-medullary and medullary zones. Instead VIP- and NPY-positive fibers were widely distributed in perivascular and parenchymal sites of several thymus lobular zones. In thymoma, the distribution of neuropeptide-positive fibers was quantitatively reduced, while cells immunopositive to VIP and substance P were quantitatively increased and dispersed. Observation of the perivascular and parenchymal distribution of the analyzed neuropeptides suggests evidence that a regulatory function is performed by nerves and cells that secrete neuropeptide into the thymus. The alteration of neuropeptide patterns in thymoma suggests that these neurotransmitters play a role in autoimmune diseases such as Myastenia Gravis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Mignini
- Anatomia Umana, Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amantini C, Mosca M, Lucciarini R, Perfumi MC, Santoni G. Thiorphan-Induced Survival and Proliferation of Rat Thymocytes by Activation of Akt/Survivin Pathway and Inhibition of Caspase-3 Activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 327:215-25. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.138719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
9
|
Porzionato A, Macchi V, Parenti A, De Caro R. Trophic factors in the carotid body. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 269:1-58. [PMID: 18779056 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to provide a review of the expression and action of trophic factors in the carotid body. In glomic type I cells, the following factors have been identified: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, artemin, ciliary neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha and -beta1, interleukin-1beta and -6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Growth factor receptors in the above cells include p75LNGFR, TrkA, TrkB, RET, GDNF family receptors alpha1-3, gp130, IL-6Ralpha, EGFR, FGFR1, IL1-RI, TNF-RI, VEGFR-1 and -2, ETA and ETB receptors, and PDGFR-alpha. Differential local expression of growth factors and corresponding receptors plays a role in pre- and postnatal development of the carotid body. Their local actions contribute toward producing the morphologic and molecular changes associated with chronic hypoxia and/or hypertension, such as cellular hyperplasia, extracellular matrix expansion, changes in channel densities, and neurotransmitter patterns. Neurotrophic factor production is also considered to play a key role in the therapeutic effects of intracerebral carotid body grafts in Parkinson's disease. Future research should also focus on trophic actions on carotid body type I cells by peptide neuromodulators, which are known to be present in the carotid body and to show trophic effects on other cell populations, that is, angiotensin II, adrenomedullin, bombesin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, erythropoietin, galanin, opioids, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, somatostatin, tachykinins, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Padova 35127, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silva AB, Aw D, Palmer DB. Functional analysis of neuropeptides in avian thymocyte development. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:410-20. [PMID: 17892898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The function of lymphoid organs and immune cells is often modulated by peptides and hormones produced by the neuroendocrine and immune systems. We have previously reported the intrathymic expression of neuropeptides in the thymus of different species and that neuropeptides can influence murine thymocyte development in vitro. To further explore the evolutionary nature of neuroendocrine interactions in the thymus, we identified the expression of calcitonin-gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin (SOM), substance P and vasointestinal polypeptide, as well as their receptors on chicken thymic epithelial cells (TEC) and thymocytes by immunofluorescence and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All the studied neuropeptides and their receptors were found to be expressed in both TEC and thymocytes, suggesting that intrathymic neuroendocrine interactions may take place within the avian thymus. In order to elucidate whether such interactions play a role in avian thymocyte development, neuropeptides and their antagonists were added to embryonic thymus organ cultures and found to influence chicken thymopoiesis. In particular, an antagonist of SOM increased the proportion of double-positive thymocytes, while SOM itself appeared to inhibit the early stages of thymocyte development. Taken together, these data provide further evidence to suggest that neuropeptides play a conserved role in vertebrate thymocyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto B Silva
- Host Response and Genes and Development Groups, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu K, Castillo MD, Murthy RG, Patel N, Rameshwar P. Tachykinins and Hematopoiesis. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 385:28-34. [PMID: 17698052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Originally discovered in the 1930s, tachykinins have been a subject of renewed interest. Antagonists to the tachykinin receptors have shown potential in the treatment of a variety of maladies including neurodegenerative disorders, heart disease, pain perception and malignancies. Tachykinins have been the subject of intense studies due to their impact on hematopoiesis that has significant effects on endothelial tissue and vascular conditions. Hematopoiesis relies on a relatively small subset of bone marrow-resident hematopoietic stem cells. This review discusses the network developed by cytokines and the tachykinins to regulate hematopoiesis. An understanding of tachykinin effect on normal hematopoietic functions and their involvement in hematological disorders could lead to new treatments for bone marrow disorders such as fibrosis, leukemia and anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reinke EK, Johnson MJ, Ling C, Karman J, Lee J, Weinstock JV, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Substance P receptor mediated maintenance of chronic inflammation in EAE. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 180:117-25. [PMID: 16942803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a modulatory, pro-inflammatory neuropeptide. We investigated the role of the SP receptor, neurokinin-1 (NK-1), in EAE. Our data show that in the chronic phase, mice lacking NK-1 have improved mobility and decreased numbers of LFA-1 high CD4+ T cells and MOG-specific, IFN-gamma producing CD4+ T cells. SR140333, an NK-1 antagonist, administered alone during the chronic phase of EAE was not sufficient to ameliorate symptoms. These results indicate that SP, through NK-1, contributes to maintenance of CNS inflammation, and combining NK-1 antagonists with conventional anti-inflammatory treatments may enhance the success of treatments for diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chronic Disease/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Female
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunosuppression Therapy/methods
- Immunosuppression Therapy/standards
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/immunology
- Myelin Proteins
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Neuroimmunomodulation/immunology
- Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Quinuclidines/pharmacology
- Quinuclidines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics
- Substance P/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Reinke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhukova EM. Role of capsaicin-sensitive neurons in the regulation of structural organization of the thymus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2005; 140:249-52. [PMID: 16283014 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-005-0458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical organization of the thymus was studied in adult Wistar rats after injection of a neurotoxic dose of capsaicin. The reaction of the lymphoid parenchyma attested to depletion of structural reserves and triggering of autoimmunization mechanisms and was associated with accumulation thymocytes with morphological signs of apoptosis, Hassals bodies, macrophages, plasmacytes, and eosinophils in the subcapsular zone. Through neurokinin and vanilloid receptors on the sensory terminals and lymphocytes, capsaicin modulated the level of neuropeptides, which seemed to be involved in the regulation of autoimmune mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Zhukova
- Laboratory of Functional Neuromorphology, Institute of Physiology, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Magnano A, Sparapani S, Lucciarini R, Michela M, Amantini C, Santoni G, Antonini I. Synthesis and biological evaluation of indazolo[4,3-bc][1,5]naphthyridines (10-aza-pyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridines): a new class of antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:5941-7. [PMID: 15498670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of potential DNA-binding antitumor agents, 2-[omega-(alkylamino)alkyl]-9-methoxy-5-nitro-2,6-dihydroindazolo[4,3-bc][1,5]naphthyridines (2a-f), 10-aza derivatives of PZA, has been prepared by condensation of 9-chloro-2-methoxy-6-nitro-5,10-dihydrobenzo[b][1,5]naphthyridin-10-one (6) with the appropriate (omega-aminoalkyl)hydrazine in tetrahydrofuran/methanol. Compound 6 was obtained by heating at 100 degrees C in H(2)SO(4)5, yielded by the condensation of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (4) and 6-methoxy-3-pyridinamine (3). The non-covalent DNA-binding properties of 2 have been examined using a fluorometric technique. In vitro cytotoxic potencies of these derivatives against human hormone-refractory prostate adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-3) are described and compared to that of parent drug PZA. We selected the most cytotoxic target derivatives 2c,d, the in vitro inactive 2f, and reference compound PZA to investigate whether in vitro treatment with these drugs was able to induce necrotic and/or apoptotic cell death. To this purpose, we evaluated the percentage of apoptotic cells in PC-3 treated with the target compounds 2c,d,f and reference compound PZA, by Annexin V staining and Propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin V, biparametric flow cytometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Magnano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
An introduction to the HPA axis. HANDBOOK OF STRESS AND THE BRAIN - PART 1: THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-0709(05)80006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
16
|
Bang R, Biburger M, Neuhuber WL, Tiegs G. Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists Protect Mice from CD95- and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Mediated Apoptotic Liver Damage. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 308:1174-80. [PMID: 14617692 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.059329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that primary afferent neurons are necessary for disease activity in immune-mediated liver injury in mice. These nerve fibers are detectable by substance P (SP) immunocytochemistry in the portal tract of rodent liver. Antagonists of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), which is the prime receptor of SP, prevented liver damage by suppressing the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we investigated the influence of primary afferent nerve fibers, SP, and NK-1 receptor antagonists on hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo induced by administration of activating anti-CD95 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to mice. Depletion of primary afferent nerve fibers by neonatal capsaicin treatment prevented CD95-mediated activation of caspase-3, measured as enzymatic activity in liver homogenates or by demonstration of hepatocellular immunoreactivity for active caspase-3 in liver slices, and liver damage. This effect was reversed by administration of SP to anti-CD95 mAb-treated mice depleted from primary afferent neurons. The presence of the NK-1R on mouse hepatocytes was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with the NK-1 receptor antagonists (2S,3S)-cis-2-(diphenylmethyl)-N-([2-methoxyphenyl]-methyl)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2.)-octan-3-amine (CP-96,345) or (2S,3S)3-([3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy)-2-phenylpiperadine (L-733,060) dose dependently protected mice from CD95-mediated liver injury. Similar results were obtained when apoptotic liver damage was induced by administration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to d-galactosamine-sensitized mice. In conclusion, SP, probably by binding to its receptor on hepatocytes, might aggravate apoptotic signals in these cells. Because NK-1 receptor antagonists not only suppress the proinflammatory cytokine response in the liver but also prevent liver cell apoptosis in vivo, they might be suitable drugs for treatment of immune-mediated liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renate Bang
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|