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Kruzic JJ, Hoffman M, Arsecularatne JA. Fatigue and wear of human tooth enamel: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105574. [PMID: 36473402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human tooth enamel must withstand the cyclic contact forces, wear, and corrosion processes involved with typical oral functions. Furthermore, unlike other human tissues, dental enamel does not have a significant capacity for healing or self-repair and thus the longevity of natural teeth in the oral environment depends to a large degree on the fatigue and wear properties of enamel. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of the fatigue and wear mechanisms of human enamel and how they relate to in vivo observations of tooth damage in the complex oral environment. A key finding of this review is that fatigue and wear processes are closely related. For example, the presence of abrasive wear particles significantly lowers the forces needed to initiate contact fatigue cracking while subsurface fatigue crack propagation drives key delamination wear mechanisms during attrition or attrition-corrosion of enamel. Furthermore, this review seeks to bring a materials science and mechanical engineering perspective to fatigue and wear phenomena. In this regard, we see developing a mechanistic description of fatigue and wear, and understanding the interconnectivity of the processes, as essential for successfully modelling enamel fatigue and wear damage and developing strategies and treatments to improve the longevity of our natural teeth. Furthermore, we anticipate that this review will stimulate ideas for extending the lifetime of the natural tooth structure and will help highlight where our understanding is too limited and where additional research into fatigue and wear of human tooth enamel is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mark Hoffman
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Arsecularatne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Marx FG, Hocking DP, Park T, Pollock TI, Parker WMG, Rule JP, Fitzgerald EMG, Evans AR. Suction causes novel tooth wear in marine mammals, with implications for feeding evolution in baleen whales. J MAMM EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-022-09645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Mendonça FL, Jordão MC, Val PP, de Alencar CRB, Bassoto MDAG, Honório HM, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR, da Silva TC, Rios D. Eroded enamel rehardening using two intraoral appliances designs in different times of salivary exposure. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e1127-e1132. [PMID: 31824592 PMCID: PMC6894912 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was evaluated the eroded enamel rehardening potential using upper palatal and lower buccal removable appliances in different times of salivary exposure (30 min, 1h, 2h, 12h) after a single erosive challenge event. MATERIAL AND METHODS After initial surface hardness evaluation, bovine enamel blocks were eroded in vitro (0.01 M hydrochloric acid, pH 2.3, 30 seconds), selected (n = 160) and randomly assigned to the two appliance designs and twenty volunteers. Four enamel blocks were inserted in each removable appliance. On the in situ phase, the volunteers were instructed to use the upper palatal and lower buccal appliances simultaneously for 12 nonconsecutive hours. After each predetermined period of time of salivary exposure, the enamel blocks were removed from the appliances for immediate evaluation of surface hardness, enabling percentage of surface hardness recovery calculation (%SHR). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=5%). RESULTS The results showed no difference in the degree of enamel rehardening by the upper palatal or lower buccal appliances (p >0.0001). Regarding the time of use of the appliances, it was demonstrated that 30 minutes (upper = 21.12%, lower = 19.84%) and 1 hour (upper = 35.69%, lower = 30.50%) promoted lower hardness recovery than two hours (upper = 44.65%, lower 40.80%) of salivary exposure (p<0.0001). The use of 12 hours (upper = 49.33%, lower = 49.00%), including the sleeping time of the volunteers did not increase the %SHR. CONCLUSIONS The location of the appliance does not influence the re-hardening ability of saliva and the use of intraoral appliances for 2 hours seems to be appropriate for partial rehardening of the softened enamel surface. Key words:Tooth erosion, in situ, saliva, tooth remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda-Lyrio Mendonça
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Maisa-Camillo Jordão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Poliana-Pacífico Val
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Catarina-Ribeiro-Barros de Alencar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Marcela-de Azevedo-Garcia Bassoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Heitor-Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Ana-Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Marília-Afonso-Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Thiago-Cruvinel da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - Bauru/SP - Brazil
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Hammoudi W, Trulsson M, Smedberg JI, Svensson P. Clinical presentation of two phenotypes of tooth wear patients. J Dent 2019; 86:60-68. [PMID: 31132387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical presentation of wear lesions in two phenotypes of tooth wear (TW) patients based on distribution and morphological features of wear. MATERIALS AND METHODS 103 patients (mean age = 43.1 years) were divided into two groups based on cluster analysis; cluster A (61 patients) and cluster B (42 patients). The distribution of wear lesions, scores of presence or absence of 10 defined morphological TW criteria and number of teeth fulfilling each criteria were compared between groups. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of the 10 TW criteria was determined by Cohen's kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS While cluster A had more wear in maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular molars compared with the same opposing tooth groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.007 respectively), there were no differences for cluster B. Cluster A was characterized by higher prevalence of 4 chemical morphological criteria and the highest number of teeth affected by one chemical criteria, whereas cluster B had a higher prevalence of one mechanical criteria and higher number of teeth affected by an additional mechanical criteria. Both intra- and inter-examiner values for the defined TW criteria were fair to excellent. CONCLUSION The results may indicate a more chemical background for TW in cluster A and mechanical background in cluster B. Furthermore, clinicians may use certain clinical features of TW to distinguish between individuals who belong to a specific TW cluster with a presumed chemical or mechanical etiology. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Hammoudi
- Dept. of Prosthetic Dentistry, Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept. of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mats Trulsson
- Dept. of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neuroscience (SCON), Denmark
| | - Jan-Ivan Smedberg
- Dept. of Prosthetic Dentistry, Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept. of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Svensson
- Dept. of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neuroscience (SCON), Denmark; Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ionta FQ, Dos Santos NM, Mesquita IM, Dionísio EJ, Cruvinel T, Honório HM, Rios D. Is the dentifrice containing calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, and fluoride able to protect enamel against chemical mechanical wear? An in situ/ex vivo study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3713-3720. [PMID: 30623309 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a dentifrice that contains calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, and fluoride on erosive-abrasive enamel wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS This randomized, single-blind in situ/ex vivo study was conducted with four crossover phases of 5 days (one group tested per phase). Bovine enamel blocks (n = 256) were allocated to 16 volunteers and 8 groups. The groups under study were test dentifrice, with calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, and 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate; tin dentifrice, with 3500 ppm stannous chloride, 700 ppm amine fluoride, and 700 ppm sodium fluoride; conventional dentifrice, with 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate; and control (deionized water). Half of the enamel blocks were subjected to erosion and the other half to erosion plus abrasion. The daily extraoral protocol consisted in four citric acid exposures (2 min) and two applications of dentifrice slurry on all blocks for 30 s; after, half of the blocks were brushed for 15 s. The response variable was enamel loss. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS For erosion, the test dentifrice promoted less enamel loss than water (4.7 ± 3.1 and 5.8 ± 2.5 μm, respectively, p < 0.05), and did not differ from tin (4.8 ± 2.5 μm) and conventional (4.8 ± 1.4 μm) dentifrices (p > 0.05). However, the test dentifrice (7.7 ± 3.8 μm) promoted higher wear after erosive plus abrasive procedures than tin (5.4 ± 1.5 μm) and conventional (6.2 ± 1.7 μm, p < 0.05) dentifrices, and did not differ from water (6.9 ± 2.0 μm). CONCLUSIONS The investigated dentifrice reduced enamel loss against acid challenge but had no effect against acid and brushing challenge. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Little is known regarding the preventive effect of dentifrices indicated for dental erosion. The tested anti-erosive dentifrice was unable to protect enamel when erosion was associated to toothbrushing abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciny Querobim Ionta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Natália Mello Dos Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maníglia Mesquita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Evandro José Dionísio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cruvinel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil.
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Ionta FQ, Alencar CRBD, Santos NMD, Bergantin BTP, Val PP, Honório HM, Oliveira TMD, Rios D. Effect of palm oil alone or associated to stannous solution on enamel erosive-abrasive wear: A randomized in situ/ex vivo study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Coupal I, Sołtysiak A. Dental erosion in archaeological human remains: A critical review of literature and proposal of a differential diagnosis protocol. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Alencar CRBD, Oliveira GCD, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR, Machado MADAM, Honório HM, Rios D. In situ effect of CPP-ACP chewing gum upon erosive enamel loss. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:258-264. [PMID: 28678944 PMCID: PMC5482248 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is able to increase salivary calcium and phosphate levels at an acidic pH. Previous studies demonstrated that a CPP-ACP chewing gum was able to enhance the re-hardening of erosion lesions, but could not diminish enamel hardness loss. Therefore, there is no consensus regarding the effectiveness of CPP-ACP on dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Ablal MA, Milosevic A, Preston AJ, Higham SM. A novel approach to study in situ enamel erosion and abrasion lesions. J Dent 2017; 59:78-85. [PMID: 28232081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated previous hypotheses that the tongue can abrade acid softened/eroded enamel surfaces. METHODS Twelve upper removable appliances each retaining 2 anterior and 2 posterior human enamel specimens were constructed. Each specimen was exposed to acid on both surfaces, but only one surface was allowed contact with the tongue. Therefore, 96 surfaces were assessed. Appliances were worn from 9.30 to 17.00 Monday to Friday for 22days. Acid eroded lesions were created by immersing the specimens for 5min in 50ml orange juice three times daily. Enamel loss was measured using Quantitative light- induced fluorescence (QLF) and Non- contact profilometry (NCLP) and the differences (D) between tongue (Dt) and palate facing (DP) surfaces determined. RESULTS %ΔFD(t-p) from the two anterior specimens were greater than from those placed posteriorly with mean values of 15.9% (±9.1) and 14.4% (±8.4), 5.6% (±8.7) and 4.5% (±6.6) respectively. Similarly, NCLP data showed anterior specimens had greater differences for mean step height (MSH) between tongue- facing and the palate- facing (control) surfaces than posterior specimens. MSHD(t-p) values were 59.4μm (±30.3) for anterior tongue facing surfaces and 55.5μm (±29.4) for posterior palate facing surfaces. For the posterior specimens MSH was 48.1μm (±26.1) and 51.7μm (±30.4) respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The greater enamel surface loss of the anterior specimens demonstrates that abrasion by the tongue on acid softened/eroded enamel in situ is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ablal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK.
| | - A Milosevic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - A J Preston
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S M Higham
- Department of Health Services Research/School of Dentistry, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, UK
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Seong J, Claydon N, Macdonald E, Garner S, Newcombe RG, West N. A randomised clinical trial to determine the abrasive effect of the tongue on human enamel loss with and without a prior erosive challenge. J Dent 2017; 58:48-53. [PMID: 28161365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the abrasive effect of the tongue on human enamel loss with and without a prior dietary acid challenge in an in situ model. METHODS A single centre, single blind, randomly allocated, split mouth, four treatment regimen, in situ study in healthy adult volunteers was undertaken. Twenty four subjects wore two lower intra-oral appliances each fitted with 4 human enamel samples 6h/day for 15 days. The samples were treated with either 50ml orange juice or water for 5min ex vivo 4x/day; prior to being licked or not licked with the subject's tongue for 60s. There were 2 samples per group per subject. Surface loss was measured by contact profilometry. RESULTS 23 subjects completed the study with no adverse events. The mean loss of enamel at 15days was: 0.08μm for water without licking, 0.10μm with water and licking; 1.55μm with orange juice alone, 3.65μm with orange juice and licking. In the absence of erosive challenge, licking had no detectable effect on enamel loss p=0.28. Without licking, orange juice had a highly significant effect on loss compared to water, p<0.001. Erosive challenge followed by licking more than doubled the loss of enamel p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS When enamel was exposed to orange juice prior to licking, tissue loss as a result of tongue abrasion of the eroded surface was increased, and double that of the erosive challenge alone. Licking enamel with the tongue had no perceptible effect on enamel loss in the absence of the erosive challenge. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Enamel wear resulting from tongue abrasion on tooth surfaces softened by acid challenge, can be an unavoidable consequence of oral function. This may account for the pattern of erosive toothwear on palatal and occlusal tooth surfaces, reinforcing the importance of restricting the frequency of dietary acid challenge in susceptible individuals.
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Mendonça FL, Jordão MC, Ionta FQ, Buzalaf MAR, Honório HM, Wang L, Rios D. In situ effect of enamel salivary exposure time and type of intraoral appliance before an erosive challenge. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2465-2471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Alencar CRBD, Mendonça FL, Guerrini LB, Jordão MC, Oliveira GCD, Honório HM, Magalhães AC, Rios D. Effect of different salivary exposure times on the rehardening of acid-softened enamel. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e104. [PMID: 27737358 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This in situ study assessed the effect of different times of salivary exposure on the rehardening of acid-softened enamel. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected in vitro to a short-term acidic exposure by immersion in 0.05 M (pH 2.5) citric acid for 30 s, resulting in surface softening. Then, 40 selected eroded enamel blocks were randomly assigned to 10 volunteers. Intraoral palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks were constructed for each volunteer, who wore the appliance for 12 nonconsecutive hours: initial 30 min, followed by an additional 30, and then by an additional 1 hour. For the last additional 10 hours the appliances were used at night, during the volunteers' sleep. Surface hardness was analyzed in the same blocks at baseline, after erosion and after each period of salivary exposure, enabling percentage of surface hardness recovery calculation (%SHR). The data were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Increasing periods of salivary action promoted a progressive increase in the surface hardness (p < 0.001). However a similar degree of enamel rehardening (p = 0.641) was observed between 2 hours (49.9%) and 12 hours (53.3%) of salivary exposure. Two hours of salivary exposure seems to be appropriate for partial rehardening of the softened enamel surface. The use of the intraoral appliance during sleep did not improve the enamel rehardening after erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lyrio Mendonça
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Luísa Belluco Guerrini
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maisa Camillo Jordão
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Forbes-Haley C, Jones SB, Davies M, West NX. Establishing the Effect of Brushing and a Day's Diet on Tooth Tissue Loss in Vitro. Dent J (Basel) 2016; 4:E25. [PMID: 29563467 DOI: 10.3390/dj4030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop an in vitro model to mimic the effects of meals equivalent to a day’s diet on tooth tissue loss (TTL). To identify how diet effects tooth wear and to test the efficacy of dental products designed to reduce tooth wear in a more realistic environment. A typical Friday diet was devised comprising: Breakfast then brushing, lunch, dinner then brushing. Groups of enamel samples were exposed to one meal, or all three in series, a control group was exposed to water and brushed. The daily cycle was repeated to represent two days’ consumption; TTL was quantified by non-contact profilometry. This pilot study highlighted adaptions that could be made to the model such as human enamel and saliva to further replicate natural eating habits. The sum of the TTL measured after Breakfast, lunch and dinner (bovine enamel specimens exposed to single meals) was less than that exhibited by the group of samples exposed to the series of meals but this difference was not significant (p = 0.09).In the absence and presence of brushing, TTL caused by breakfast and dinner was similar, but significantly greater than that caused by lunch (p < 0.05). While brushing increased TTL, this increase was not significant. It is possible to model a daily diet in vitro, and the data obtained confirms that the combination of food and drink affects the degree of TTL. This supports the further development of an in vitro model that includes alternative foodstuffs. This would aid understanding of the effects different diets have on TTL and could test new products designed to prevent TTL.
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Hooper SM, Macdonald EL, Addy M, Antognozzi M, Davies M, West NX. A Randomised trial to investigate the erosive effect of hot drinks. J Oral Rehabil 2015; 42:537-43. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Hooper
- Restorative Dentistry; School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - E. L. Macdonald
- Restorative Dentistry; School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - M. Addy
- Restorative Dentistry; School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - M. Antognozzi
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Research Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit; Bristol Heart Institute; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - M. Davies
- Restorative Dentistry; School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - N. X. West
- Restorative Dentistry; School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
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Søvik JB, Tveit AB, Storesund T, Mulic A. Dental erosion: a widespread condition nowadays? A cross-sectional study among a group of adolescents in Norway. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:523-9. [PMID: 24432788 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.875588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, distribution and severity of erosive wear in a group of 16-18-year-olds in the western part of Norway. A second aim was to describe possible associations between caries experience, socioeconomic background and origin of birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adolescents (n = 795) attending recall examinations at Public Dental Service (PDS) clinics were also examined for dental erosive wear on index surfaces, using the Visual Erosion Dental Examination scoring system (VEDE). RESULTS In total, 795 individuals were examined. Dental erosive wear was diagnosed in 59% of the population (44% erosive wear in enamel only, 14% combination of enamel and dentine lesions, 1% erosive wear in dentine only). The palatal surfaces of upper central incisors and occlusal surfaces of first lower molars were affected the most (33% and 48% of all surfaces, respectively). Cuppings on molars were registered in 66% of the individuals with erosive wear. Erosive wear was significantly more prevalent among men (63%) than women (55%) (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant associations between dental erosive wear and caries experience, socioeconomic background or origin of birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bogstad Søvik
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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de Alencar CRB, Magalhães AC, de Andrade Moreira Machado MA, de Oliveira TM, Honório HM, Rios D. In situ effect of a commercial CPP-ACP chewing gum on the human enamel initial erosion. J Dent 2014; 42:1502-7. [PMID: 25174948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the in situ rehardening effect of a commercial chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on initial erosion lesions. METHODS Seventy-two human enamel blocks, after selection (initial surface hardness - SHi) and in vitro short-term acidic exposure (cola drink for 3 min - SHd) were randomly assigned to three groups. The factors under study were treatment (3 levels: GI chewing gum with CPP-ACP, GII chewing gum without CPP-ACP and GIII control group without gum) and intraoral period (2 levels: 2 and 24h). Twelve volunteers wore intraoral palatal devices for 24h in 3 crossover phases. On each phase, after 2h the surface hardness was assessed (SHf1) and the blocks were reinserted and the devices were used for additional 22 h (SHf2). In phases of GI and GII volunteers chewed the respective gum during 30 min, for 4 times with an interval of 4h. Percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) was calculated after 2 and 24 h. The data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Chewing gum with CPP-ACP (2h=50.0%<24h=95.9%) showed higher hardness recovery than chewing gum without CPP-ACP (2h=30.0%<24 h=71.1%) and control (2 h=15.7%<24 h=40.9%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that saliva increased hardness of softened enamel after the use of conventional chewing gum (GII) and this effect was enhanced by the prolonged intraoral period (24 h) and by the use of CPP-ACP chewing gum (GI). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Since chewing gum is an alternative to enhance salivary defenses after erosive challenges, CPP-ACP chewing gum might be a supplementary strategy to potentiate the mineral precipitation of initial erosion lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru/SP - PO Box 73, 17012-101, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru/SP - PO Box 73, 17012-101, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru/SP - PO Box 73, 17012-101, Brazil.
| | - Thais Marchini de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru/SP - PO Box 73, 17012-101, Brazil.
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru/SP - PO Box 73, 17012-101, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru/SP - PO Box 73, 17012-101, Brazil.
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Uhlen MM, Tveit AB, Stenhagen KR, Mulic A. Self-induced vomiting and dental erosion--a clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:92. [PMID: 25069878 PMCID: PMC4125596 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In individuals suffering from eating disorders (ED) characterized by vomiting (e.g. bulimia nervosa), the gastric juice regularly reaches the oral cavity, causing a possible risk of dental erosion. This study aimed to assess the occurrence, distribution and severity of dental erosions in a group of Norwegian patients experiencing self-induced vomiting (SIV). Methods The individuals included in the study were all undergoing treatment at clinics for eating disorders and were referred to a university dental clinic for examinations. One calibrated clinician registered erosions using the Visual Erosion Dental Examination (VEDE) system. Results Of 72 referred patients, 66 (63 females and three males, mean age 27.7 years) were or had been experiencing SIV (mean duration 10.6 years; range: 3 – 32 years), and were therefore included in the study. Dental erosions were found in 46 individuals (69.7%), 19 had enamel lesions only, while 27 had both enamel and dentine lesions. Ten or more teeth were affected in 26.1% of those with erosions, and 9% had ≥10 teeth with dentine lesions. Of the erosions, 41.6% were found on palatal/lingual surfaces, 36.6% on occlusal surfaces and 21.8% on buccal surfaces. Dentine lesions were most often found on lower first molars, while upper central incisors showed enamel lesions most frequently. The majority of the erosive lesions (48.6%) were found in those with the longest illness period, and 71.7% of the lesions extending into dentine were also found in this group. However, despite suffering from SIV for up to 32 years, 30.3% of the individuals showed no lesions. Conclusions Dental erosion commonly affects individuals with ED experiencing SIV, and is more often found on the palatal/lingual surfaces than on the buccal in these individuals, confirming a common clinical assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte-Mari Uhlen
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109, Oslo N-0317, Norway.
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Kwon HJ, Hwang J, Lee J, Chae SK, Lee JH, Kim JH, Hwang KS, Kim EC, Park YD. ANALYSIS AND INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL STABILITY ON PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN ZANTHOXYLUM SCHINIFOLIUM-CONTAINING DENTIFRICES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.807463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kwon
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Hwang
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Junghaeng Lee
- b Department of Prosthodontics , School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdamun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyun Chae
- c Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwan Lee
- c Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kim
- d Department of Dental Laboratory Science & Engineering , College of Health Science, Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Hwang
- e Department of Dental Technology , Shinheung University , Uijeongbu , Kyunggido , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- f Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration , School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdamun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Duk Park
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to study prevalence, distribution and severity of erosive wear in a group of 18-year-olds. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1456 adolescents were screened for erosive wear as part of their regular visit at the Public Dental Health Service (PDHS) clinics in Oslo. Of 554 (38%) registered with erosive wear, 267 accepted a second examination to record lesion distribution and severity, performed by one previously calibrated clinician. A tested erosive wear system (VEDE) was used. Occlusal surfaces of the first and second molars in both jaws and the labial and palatal surfaces of the upper incisors and canines were selected as index surfaces. RESULTS Of the 267 individuals with erosive wear, 13.5% were without lesions, 54.3% had erosive wear in enamel only, whereas 32.2% had at least one lesion extending into dentine. The upper central incisors (46%) and first lower molars (44%) were the most affected teeth with the highest presence on the palatal surfaces. Cuppings were registered in 62% of the individuals, usually in addition to erosive lesions on other surfaces. Eighty-five per cent of the cuppings were on first molars and 34% on the mesio-buccal cusp. Males had significantly more lesions into dentine compared with females (p = 0.03). There was a significant association between presence of erosive lesions and DMFT (p < 0.01), but no association between lesions and socio-economic or national background. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of adolescents had erosive wear. Cuppings were a common finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mulic
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition. The consideration of chemical, biological and behavioral factors is fundamental for its prevention and therapy. Among the biological factors, saliva is one of the most important parameters in the protection against erosive wear. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the role of salivary factors on the development of dental erosion. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search was undertaken on MeDLINe website for papers from 1969 to 2010. The keywords used in the research were "saliva", "acquired pellicle", "salivary flow", "salivary buffering capacity" and "dental erosion". Inclusion of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently and in duplicate by two members of the review team. Disagreements were solved by discussion and consensus or by a third party. RESULTS Several characteristics and properties of saliva play an important role in dental erosion. Salivary clearance gradually eliminates the acids through swallowing and saliva presents buffering capacity causing neutralization and buffering of dietary acids. Salivary flow allows dilution of the acids. In addition, saliva is supersaturated with respect to tooth mineral, providing calcium, phosphate and fluoride necessary for remineralization after an erosive challenge. Furthermore, many proteins present in saliva and acquired pellicle play an important role in dental erosion. CONCLUSIONS Saliva is the most important biological factor affecting the progression of dental erosion. Knowledge of its components and properties involved in this protective role can drive the development of preventive measures targeting to enhance its known beneficial effects.
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Abu-Ghazaleh SB, Burnside G, Milosevic A. The prevalence and associated risk factors for tooth wear and dental erosion in 15- to 16-year-old schoolchildren in Amman, Jordan. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2013; 14:21-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-012-0006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kato MT, Buzalaf MAR. Iron supplementation reduces the erosive potential of a cola drink on enamel and dentin in situ. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:318-22. [PMID: 22858697 PMCID: PMC3881773 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron has been suggested to reduce the erosive potential of cola drinks in
vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Thiemi Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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West NX, Lussi A, Seong J, Hellwig E. Scaffold-free microtissues: differences from monolayer cultures and their potential in bone tissue engineering. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17:9-17. [PMID: 22695872 PMCID: PMC3585766 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell-based therapies for bone augmentation after tooth loss and for the treatment of periodontal defects improve healing defects. Usually, osteogenic cells or stem cells are cultivated in 2D primary cultures, before they are combined with scaffold materials, even though this means a loss of the endogenous 3D microenvironment for the cells. Moreover, the use of single-cell suspensions for the inoculation of scaffolds or for the direct application into an area of interest has the disadvantages of low initial cell numbers and susceptibility to unwanted cellular distribution, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS We addressed the question whether an alternative to monolayer cultures, namely 3D microtissues, has the potential to improve osteogenic tissue engineering and its clinical outcome. RESULTS By contrast, to monolayer cultures, osteogenic differentiation of 3D microtissues is enhanced by mimicking in vivo conditions. It seems that the osteogenic differentiation in microtissues is enhanced by strong integrin-extracellular matrix interaction and by stronger autocrine BMP2 signaling. Moreover, microtissues are less prone to wash out by body fluids and allow the precise administration of large cell numbers. CONCLUSION Microtissue cultures have closer characteristics with cells in vivo and their enhanced osteogenic differentiation makes scaffold-free microtissues a promising concept in osteogenic tissue engineering. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Microtissues are particularly suitable for tissue engineering because they improve seeding efficiency of biomaterials by increasing the cell load of a scaffold. This results in accelerated osteogenic tissue formation and could contribute to earlier implant stability in mandibular bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. X. West
- />Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY UK
| | - A. Lussi
- />Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Seong
- />Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY UK
| | - E. Hellwig
- />Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dental School and Hospital Dentistry, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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West NX, Lussi A, Seong J, Hellwig E. Scaffold-free microtissues: differences from monolayer cultures and their potential in bone tissue engineering. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17 Suppl 1:S9-19. [PMID: 22695872 PMCID: PMC3585766 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The paper’s aim is to review dentin hypersensitivity (DHS), discussing pain mechanisms and aetiology. Materials and methods Literature was reviewed using search engines with MESH terms, DH pain mechanisms and aetiology (including abrasion, erosion and periodontal disease). Results The many hypotheses proposed for DHS attest to our lack of knowledge in understanding neurophysiologic mechanisms, the most widely accepted being the hydrodynamic theory. Dentin tubules must be patent from the oral environment to the pulp. Dentin exposure, usually at the cervical margin, is due to a variety of processes involving gingival recession or loss of enamel, predisposing factors being periodontal disease and treatment, limited alveolar bone, thin biotype, erosion and abrasion. Conclusions The current pain mechanism of DHS is thought to be the hydrodynamic theory. The initiation and progression of DHS are influenced by characteristics of the teeth and periodontium as well as the oral environment and external influences. Risk factors are numerous often acting synergistically and always influenced by individual susceptibility. Clinical relevance Whilst the pain mechanism of DHS is not well understood, clinicians need to be mindful of the aetiology and risk factors in order to manage patients’ pain and expectations and prevent further dentin exposure with subsequent sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. X. West
- />Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY UK
| | - A. Lussi
- />Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Seong
- />Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY UK
| | - E. Hellwig
- />Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dental School and Hospital Dentistry, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Choi S, Park KH, Cheong Y, Moon SW, Park YG, Park HK. Potential effects of tooth-brushing on human dentin wear following exposure to acidic soft drinks. J Microsc 2012; 247:176-85. [PMID: 22670800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study used scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to examine the short-term potential effects of brushing time and the start-time of tooth-brushing after demineralization on primary dentin wear in vitro. Thirty-six noncarious primary central incisors were assigned to 12 experimental groups. Exposure to cola drinks was used to initiate the demineralization process. Three brushing times (5, 15 and 30 s) and four start-times of brushing (0, 30, 60 and 120 min) after an erosive attack were used for the abrasion process. Tooth-brushing the softened dentin surface led to increases in the open tubular fraction and microstructural changes on the dentin surface. Brushing immediately after exposure to cola resulted in the greatest irreversible dentin loss, whereas brushing 60 or 120 min after pretreatment resulted in the least irreversible dentin loss. However, brushing time had no effect on the irreversible loss of dentin wear. Based on these experimental results, tooth-brushing should be performed at least 60 min after consuming a cola drink to achieve the desired tooth cleaning and avoid the introduction of surface lesions on dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Tooth surface loss is becoming increasingly prevalent. Many cases can be managed with preventive measures, although there remain a number of patients for whom restorative intervention is indicated. Traditional treatment modalities have entailed extensive 'full-mouth' indirect restoration, although this approach has a number of disadvantages. Contemporary restorative techniques allow for a broader range of treatment options: this paper presents an overview of common issues and clinical techniques to overcome these. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Treatment options and guidance for managing patients who present with tooth surface loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Satterthwaite
- The University of Manchester, School of Dentistry, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M15 6FH, UK
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Ganss C, Lussi A, Grunau O, Klimek J, Schlueter N. Conventional and Anti-Erosion Fluoride Toothpastes: Effect on Enamel Erosion and Erosion-Abrasion. Caries Res 2011; 45:581-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000334318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Dentine hypersensitivity occurs when patent dentinal tubules are subjected to external stimuli, with pain being reduced by products that occlude tubules. This study compared the efficacy of a recently developed arginine-containing dentifrice, two established strontium-based products, and a fluoride control to occlude tubules when subjected to acid challenge. Dentine specimens with patent tubules were divided into four groups that were treated with a slurry consisting of one of the pastes mixed with stimulated human saliva. Treated specimens were further subdivided and soaked in 0.3% citric acid for 10 s, 30 s, 2 min, 5 min or 10 min. Tubule occlusion on representative scanning electron microscopy images was scored by blind review. All three desensitizing pastes offered good tubule occlusion, which was maintained to varying degrees following acidic challenge. After immersion in acid for 10 and 30 s, the strontium acetate- and arginine-containing pastes almost fully occluded tubules, but only the strontium acetate paste retained this level of occlusion after immersion in acid for 2 min, with strong statistical evidence that this paste occluded more tubules than the other pastes after immersion in acid for 2 or 5 min. This suggests that strontium acetate pastes may be the most effective at reducing dentine hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davies
- Clinical Trials Group, School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Huysmans M, Jager D, Ruben J, Unk D, Klijn C, Vieira A. Reduction of Erosive Wear in situ by Stannous Fluoride-Containing Toothpaste. Caries Res 2011; 45:518-23. [DOI: 10.1159/000331391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
This article reviews and discusses the difficulties posed by the application of epidemiological indices for the measurement of dental erosion. It covers several aspects of index design.
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Aidi HE, Bronkhorst EM, Huysmans MCDNJM, Truin GJ. Factors associated with the incidence of erosive wear in upper incisors and lower first molars: a multifactorial approach. J Dent 2011; 39:558-63. [PMID: 21704669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate associations between factors and the incidence of erosive wear in lower first molars and upper incisors, and to investigate whether these associations differ between these locations. METHODS The study sample of this 3-year longitudinal study consisted of 572 children (mean age 11.9 years, SD=0.9). The permanent dentition was examined for erosive wear according to a modified Lussi-index (1996). Information on biological and behavioural factors was gathered by clinical examinations (at baseline, after 1.5 and 3 years) and by questionnaires (every six months). RESULTS The incidence of erosive wear in upper incisors over 3 years was 22.2%, for lower first molars the incidence was 14.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that carbonated soft drink (OR=1.04) and tooth grinding (OR=2.93) were positively associated with the incidence of erosive wear in upper incisors and milk (OR=0.95) and yoghurt products (OR=0.88) were negatively associated. The incidence of erosive tooth wear in lower first molars was positively associated with alcoholic mixed drink (OR=1.45) and tooth grinding (OR=4.00) and was negatively associated with milk (OR=0.96) and yoghurt products (OR=0.84). The incidence of erosive wear in lower first molar was lower in girls than in boys (OR=0.51). t-Tests on the odds ratios of the factors showed that between the two incidence models only the odds ratios of anterior contact significantly differed. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, except for anterior contact, no substantial differences in risk factors between the incidence of erosive wear in lower first molars and upper incisors were found. This indicates that the aetiology of erosive wear for the two locations is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima El Aidi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Rees
- Learning Teaching and Scholarship Group, Cardiff University Dental Hospital and School, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - M Thomas
- Specialist Registrar, Cardiff University Dental Hospital and School, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - P Naik
- Senior House Officer, Cardiff University Dental Hospital and School, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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Shellis RP, Barbour ME, Jones SB, Addy M. Effects of pH and acid concentration on erosive dissolution of enamel, dentine, and compressed hydroxyapatite. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118:475-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Giles A, Claydon NCA, Addy M, Hughes N, Sufi F, West NX. Clinical in situ study investigating abrasive effects of two commercially available toothpastes. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 36:498-507. [PMID: 19531090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.01965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if the abrasive effect on dentine of two commercially available toothpastes, known to vary in their in vitro abrasive levels, can be differentiated in an in situ model after 10 days, assessed by contact profilometry. This was a single centre, single blind, randomized, split mouth, two treatment, in situ study, in 34 healthy subjects, evaluating the abrasive effects of two marketed desensitizing toothpastes, (Colgate Sensitive Multi Protection toothpaste - C; Sensodyne Total Protection - S). Subjects wore bi-lateral, lower buccal appliances, each fitted with four dentine sections which were power brushed three times a day with the treatment regimen. Each subject received two toothpaste treatments for 10 days during the treatment period. Samples were measured at baseline and day 10 by contact and non-contact profilometry and day 5 by contact profilometry. Thirty-four subjects were included in the efficacy analysis. Results from contact profilometry showed statistically significant (P < 0.0001) dentine loss compared to baseline at day 5 and 10 for both pastes. At each time point, C showed statistically significantly greater dentine loss than S, P < 0.0001. After 10 days treatment, the difference in dentine loss between the pastes was 1.4 microm. The non-contact profilometry data showed similar trends. After 10 days of treatment, C showed statistically significantly greater dentine loss than S, with treatment difference of 0.9 microm, P = 0.0057. The methodology used has successfully differentiated between the abrasivity of the two pastes in respect of dentine surface loss over time in an in situ environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giles
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, UK
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Kato MT, Magalhães AC, Rios D, Hannas AR, Attin T, Buzalaf MAR. Protective effect of green tea on dentin erosion and abrasion. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 17:560-4. [PMID: 20027426 PMCID: PMC4327513 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This in situ study evaluated the protective effect of green tea on dentin erosion (ERO) and erosion-abrasion (ABR). Material and methods: Ten volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances with bovine dentin specimens subjected to ERO or ERO + toothbrushing abrasion performed immediately (ERO+I-ABR) or 30 min after erosion (ERO+30-min-ABR). During 2 experimental 5-day crossover phases, the volunteers rinsed with green tea or water (control, 1 min) between each erosive (5 min, cola drink) and abrasive challenge (30 s, toothbrushing), 4x/day. Dentin wear was measured by profilometry. Results: The green tea reduced the dentin wear significantly for all conditions compared to control. ERO+I-ABR led to significantly higher wear than ERO, but it was not significantly different from ERO+30-min-ABR. ERO+30-min-ABR provoked significant higher wear than ERO, only for the placebo treatment. Conclusions: From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that green tea reduces the dentin wear under erosive/abrasive conditions.
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition has been shown to reduce dentin caries progression, but its role in dental erosion has not yet been assessed. This study tested the hypothesis that gels containing MMP inhibitors (epigallocatechin gallate-EGCG and chlorhexidine) can prevent dental erosion. Volunteers (n = 10) wore palatal devices containing bovine dentin blocks (n = 10/group) treated for 1 min with EGCG at 10 (EGCG10) or 400 microM (EGCG400), chlorhexidine at 0.012%, F at 1.23% (NaF), and no vehicle (placebo). Erosion was performed with Coca-Cola (5 min) 4X/day during 5 days. The wear, assessed by profilometry (mean +/- SD, microm), was significantly reduced by the gels containing MMP inhibitors (0.05 +/- 0.02(a), 0.04 +/- 0.02(a), and 0.05 +/- 0.02(a) for EGCG10, EGCG400, and chlorhexidine, respectively) when compared with NaF (0.79 +/- 0.35(b)) and placebo gels (1.77 +/- 0.35(b)) (Friedman and Dunn's tests, p < 0.01). The use of gels delivering MMP inhibitors was shown to prevent erosion and opens a new perspective for protection against dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kato
- Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Department of Biological Sciences, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP 17012-901, Brazil
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Field J, Waterhouse P, German M. Quantifying and qualifying surface changes on dental hard tissues in vitro. J Dent 2010; 38:182-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Eisenburger M. Degree of mineral loss in softened human enamel after acid erosion measured by chemical analysis. J Dent 2009; 37:491-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Faraoni-Romano JJ, Turssi CP, Serra MC. Effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide on wear resistance of enamel and dentine: In situ study. J Dent 2009; 37:273-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rodriguez JM, Curtis RV, Bartlett DW. Surface roughness of impression materials and dental stones scanned by non-contacting laser profilometry. Dent Mater 2009; 25:500-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rios D, Magalhães AC, Polo RO, Wiegand A, Attin T, Buzalaf MA. The efficacy of a highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice on bovine enamel subjected to erosion and abrasion. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139:1652-6. [PMID: 19047671 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have proposed the use of fluoride for the prevention of enamel wear; however, only limited information is available about the impact of fluoridated dentifrices. Because tooth wear is a well-recognized dental problem, the authors conducted an in situ, ex vivo study to assess the efficacy of a highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice on bovine enamel subjected to erosion and abrasion. METHODS The authors conducted a double-blind, crossover in situ study consisting of three phases (seven days each). In each phase, the authors tested one of the dentifrices (5,000 parts per million fluoride [F]; 1,100 ppm F; no F). They performed erosive challenges with the use of cola drink (60 seconds, four times per day) and abrasive challenges via toothbrushing (30 seconds, four times per day). The authors determined the enamel loss via profilometry. RESULTS The authors tested the data by using two-way analysis of variance (P < .05). For the erosion-plus-abrasion condition, the study results showed that enamel wear was significantly higher than that with erosion alone. The findings showed no significant differences between the dentifrices regarding enamel wear. CONCLUSIONS Within the in situ, ex vivo conditions of this study, the authors concluded that the highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice did not have a protective effect on enamel against erosion and erosion plus toothbrushing abrasion. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Patients at risk of developing enamel erosion should benefit from preventive measures other than fluoride dentifrice, because even a highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice does not appear to prevent enamel erosion.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To emphasize oral complications in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Interest of pediatricians to conduct an orodental examination or to include a dental examination performed by a dentist should be encouraged, as dental erosion, for instance, may be present in these children. RECENT FINDINGS Dental caries, dental erosion, mucosal lesions and oral bacterial load have been studied extensively in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease, but there is no sound consensus about the impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on oral health parameters. SUMMARY Gastroesophageal reflux and oral health deserve to be better understood and recognized by medical staff, pediatricians in particular. Literature on this subject contains many case reports and some cross-sectional studies, resulting in confusing conclusions for clinicians and researchers. Dental caries, dental erosion, mucosal lesions and oral bacterial load are the most frequently studied items in these kinds of study. Dental erosion seems to be an oral finding that should be studied in depth in these children, as conflicting results have been reported in literature, the latter being the result of the use of different indexes to collect clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Vega Alfaro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Centre for Special Care, Ghent University, Dental School, Ghent, Belgium
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Magalhães A, Rios D, Moino A, Wiegand A, Attin T, Buzalaf M. Effect of Different Concentrations of Fluoride in Dentifrices on Dentin Erosion Subjected or Not to Abrasion in situ/ex vivo. Caries Res 2008; 42:112-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000117807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of dental erosion in a sample of 13- and 14-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren and to assess the relationship of dental erosion and socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS A convenience sample of 458 children (190 boys and 268 girls) from 14 schools in Três Corações, south east Brazil, was examined. Socio-demographic data were collected by self-completion questionnaires. RESULTS Dental erosion was observed in 34.1% of subjects, involving enamel only and showing a symmetrical distribution. The palatal surfaces of the upper incisors were the most commonly affected surfaces. Erosion experience was higher in boys; pupils from Government funded schools; those resident in rural areas and those from the high economic class, but none of these were statistically significant. CONCLUSION These data are the first to show that in a cohort of 13-14-year old Brazilian schoolchildren, approximately one third of those examined showed mild erosion, requiring clinical preventive counselling. No statistically significant association was observed between erosion, gender and socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla M Auad
- The School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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