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Kim BI, Schwartz AM, Wixted CM, Prado IP, Polascik BA, Seidelman JL, Seyler TM. Outcomes After Pseudomonas Prosthetic Joint Infections. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024; 32:e489-e502. [PMID: 38354412 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas species are a less common but devastating pathogen family in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Despite advancements in management, Pseudomonas PJIs remain particularly difficult to treat because of limited antibiotic options and robust biofilm formation. This study aimed to evaluate Pseudomonas PJI outcomes at a single institution and review outcomes reported in the current literature. METHODS All hip or knee PJIs at a single institution with positive Pseudomonas culture were evaluated. Forty-two patients (24 hips, 18 knees) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. The primary outcome of interest was infection clearance at 1 year after surgical treatment, defined as reassuring aspirate without ongoing antibiotic treatment. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections were analyzed separately. A focused literature review of infection clearance after Pseudomonas PJIs was performed. RESULTS One-year infection clearance was 58% (n = 11/19) for monomicrobial PJIs and 35% (n = 8/23) for polymicrobial PJIs. Among monomicrobial infections, the treatment success was 63% for patients treated with DAIR and 55% for patients treated with two-stage exchange. Monotherapy with an oral or intravenous antipseudomonal agent (minimum 6 weeks) displayed the lowest 1-year clearance of 50% (n = 6/12). Resistance to antipseudomonal agents was present in 16% (n = 3/19), and two of eight patients with monomicrobial and polymicrobial PJIs developed resistance to antipseudomonal therapy in a subsequent Pseudomonas PJI. Polymicrobial infections (55%) were more common with a mortality rate of 44% (n = 10/23) at a median follow-up of 3.6 years. CONCLUSION Pseudomonas infections often present as polymicrobial PJIs but are difficult to eradicate in either polymicrobial or monomicrobial setting. A review of the current literature on Pseudomonas PJI reveals favorable infection clearance rates (63 to 80%) after DAIR while infection clearance rates (33 to 83%) vary widely after two-stage revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy I Kim
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (Kim, Schwartz, Wixted, Prado, Polascik, and Seyler), and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC (Dr. Seidelman)
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Elkhalifa ME, Ashraf M, Ahmed A, Usman A, Hamdoon AA, Elawad MA, Almalki MG, Mosa OF, Niyazov LN, Ayaz M. Polyphenols and their nanoformulations as potential antibiofilm agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:255-279. [PMID: 38305223 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is a major problem in the therapeutic management of infectious diseases. Among the bacterial resistance mechanisms is the development of an enveloped protein and polysaccharide-hydrated matrix called a biofilm. Polyphenolics have demonstrated beneficial antibacterial effects. Phenolic compounds mediate their antibiofilm effects via disruption of the bacterial membrane, deprivation of substrate, protein binding, binding to adhesion complex, viral fusion blockage and interactions with eukaryotic DNA. However, these compounds have limitations of chemical instability, low bioavailability, poor water solubility and short half-lives. Nanoformulations offer a promising solution to overcome these challenges by enhancing their antibacterial potential. This review summarizes the antibiofilm role of polyphenolics, their underlying mechanisms and their potential role as resistance-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modawy Em Elkhalifa
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al leith, KSA
- Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Alshebli Ahmed
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al leith, KSA
- Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Assad Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Alashary Ae Hamdoon
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al leith, KSA
- Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohammed A Elawad
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al leith, KSA
- Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Meshari G Almalki
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al leith, KSA
| | - Osama F Mosa
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al leith, KSA
| | - Laziz N Niyazov
- Medical Chemistry Department, Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KP, 18800, Pakistan
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Bagheri M, Zoric A, von Kohout M, Fuchs PC, Schiefer JL, Opländer C. The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Topically Applied Mafenide Acetate, Citric Acid and Wound Irrigation Solutions Lavanox and Prontosan against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:42. [PMID: 38247601 PMCID: PMC10812663 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since burn wound infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) lead to major complications and sepsis, this study evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of the wound irrigation solutions Prontosan (PRT), Lavanox (LAV), citric acid (CA) and mafenide acetate (MA) using microbiology assays and an ex vivo skin wound model. In suspension assays, all the solutions showed significant reductions in bacterial number (log10 reduction: CA 5.77; LAV 4.91; PRT 4.74; MA 1.23). The biofilm assay revealed that PRT and LAV reduced biofilm formation by ~25% after a 15 min treatment, while PRT was most effective after a 24 h treatment (~68%). The number of PA in biofilms measured directly after a 15 min treatment was reduced most effectively with CA and LAV (log10 reductions ~2.5), whereas after a 24 h treatment, all solutions achieved only 1.36-1.65 log10 reductions. In the skin wound model, PRT and LAV provided the highest bacterial reduction after a 15 min treatment (log10 reduction 1.8-1.9), while MA was more effective after a 22 h treatment (log10 reduction 3.6). The results demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of all solutions against PA. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential clinical applications of a combination or alternating use of these solutions for infection prophylaxis and treatment of wound infections caused by PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bagheri
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, HELIOS Hospital Emil von Behring, Walterhoeferstr. 11, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Zoric
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, RKH Hospital Bietigheim-Vaihingen, Riedstr. 12, 74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany
| | - Maria von Kohout
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul C. Fuchs
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lynn. Schiefer
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
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Lazarus E, Meyer AS, Ikuma K, Rivero IV. Three dimensional printed biofilms: Fabrication, design and future biomedical and environmental applications. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14360. [PMID: 38041693 PMCID: PMC10832517 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional printing has emerged as a widely acceptable strategy for the fabrication of mammalian cell laden constructs with complex microenvironments for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. More recently 3D printed living materials containing microorganisms have been developed and matured into living biofilms. The potential for engineered 3D biofilms as in vitro models for biomedical applications, such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and environmental applications, such as bioleaching, bioremediation, and wastewater purification, is extensive but the need for an in-depth understanding of the structure-function relationship between the complex construct and the microorganism response still exists. This review discusses 3D printing fabrication methods for engineered biofilms with specific structural features. Next, it highlights the importance of bioink compositions and 3D bioarchitecture design. Finally, a brief overview of current and potential applications of 3D printed biofilms in environmental and biomedical fields is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lazarus
- Department Industrial and Systems EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Kaoru Ikuma
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Iris V. Rivero
- Department Industrial and Systems EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Holger DJ, El Ghali A, Bhutani N, Lev KL, Stamper K, Kebriaei R, Kunz Coyne AJ, Morrisette T, Shah R, Alexander J, Lehman SM, Rojas LJ, Marshall SH, Bonomo RA, Rybak MJ. Phage-antibiotic combinations against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in vitro static and dynamic biofilm models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0057823. [PMID: 37855639 PMCID: PMC10648846 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00578-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections pose a severe threat to public health and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Phage-antibiotic combinations (PACs) are a promising strategy for combatting multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and difficult-to-treat P. aeruginosa infections. Ten MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa strains and five P. aeruginosa-specific phages were genetically characterized and evaluated based upon their antibiotic susceptibilities and phage sensitivities. Two selected strains, AR351 (XDR) and I0003-1 (MDR), were treated singly and in combination with either a broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum phage, phage EM-T3762627-2_AH (EM), or 14207, respectively, and bactericidal antibiotics of five classes in biofilm time-kill analyses. Synergy and/or bactericidal activity was demonstrated with all PACs against one or both drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains (average reduction: -Δ3.32 log10 CFU/cm2). Slightly improved ciprofloxacin susceptibility was observed in both strains after exposure to phages (EM and 14207) in combination with ciprofloxacin and colistin. Based on phage cocktail optimization with four phages (EM, 14207, E20050-C (EC), and 109), we identified several effective phage-antibiotic cocktails for further analysis in a 4-day pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic in vitro biofilm model. Three-phage cocktail, EM + EC + 109, in combination with ciprofloxacin demonstrated the greatest biofilm reduction against AR351 (-Δ4.70 log10 CFU/cm2 from baseline). Of remarkable interest, the addition of phage 109 prevented phage resistance development to EM and EC in the biofilm model. PACs can demonstrate synergy and offer enhanced eradication of biofilm against drug-resistant P. aeruginosa while preventing the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J. Holger
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Amer El Ghali
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Natasha Bhutani
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine L. Lev
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Stamper
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashlan J. Kunz Coyne
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Taylor Morrisette
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rahi Shah
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jose Alexander
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, AdventHealth Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Susan M. Lehman
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura J. Rojas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven H. Marshall
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael J. Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Bruggemann L, Aalinkeel R. Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1614. [PMID: 37375116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - James Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Liana Bruggemann
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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Farooq U, Qureshi AK, Noor H, Farhan M, Khan ME, Hamed OA, Bashiri AH, Zakri W. Plant Extract-Based Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Effective Role in Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Water Treatment Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2337. [PMID: 37375962 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ammi visnaga is a biennial or annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. For the first time, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using an extract of this plant. Biofilms are a rich source of many pathogenic organisms and, thus, can be the genesis of various disease outbreaks. In addition, the treatment of cancer is still a critical drawback for mankind. The primary purpose of this research work was to comparatively analyze antibiofilms against Staphylococcus aureus, photocatalytic activity against Eosin Y, and in vitro anticancer activity against the HeLa cell line of silver nanoparticles and Ammi visnaga plant extract. The systematic characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and X-ray diffraction microscopy (XRD). The initial characterization was performed with UV-Vis spectroscopy, where a peak appeared at 435 nm, which indicated the SPR band of the silver nanoparticles. AFM and SEM were performed to determine the morphology and shape of the nanoparticles, while EDX confirmed the presence of Ag in the spectra. The crystalline character of the silver nanoparticles was concluded with XRD. The synthesized nanoparticles were then subjected to biological activities. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the inhibition of the initial biofilm formation with Staphylococcus aureus using a crystal violet assay. The response of the AgNPs against cellular growth and biofilm formation was found to be dose dependent. Green-synthesized nanoparticles showed 99% inhibition against biofilm and bacteria, performed excellent anticancer assay with an IC50 concentration of 17.1 ± 0.6 µg/mL and 100% inhibition, and photodegradation of the toxic organic dye Eosin Y up to 50%. Moreover, the effect of the pH and dosage of the photocatalyst was also measured to optimize the reaction conditions and maximum photocatalytic potential. Therefore, synthesized silver nanoparticles can be used in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with toxic dyes, pathogenic biofilms, and the treatment of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Hadia Noor
- Centre of Excellence in Solids State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Centre of Excellence in Solids State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Hamed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullateef H Bashiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Zakri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Ashkezari S, Abtahi MS, Sattari Z, Tavakkoli Yaraki M, Hosseini F, Inanloo Salehi R, Afzali E, Hajihosseini S, Mousavi-Niri N. Antibiotic and inorganic nanoparticles co-loaded into carboxymethyl chitosan-functionalized niosome: Synergistic enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Michael, Waturangi DE. Antibiofilm activity from endophyte bacteria, Vibrio cholerae strains, and actinomycetes isolates in liquid and solid culture. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:83. [PMID: 36991312 PMCID: PMC10053847 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Biofilm-associated infections are a global threat to our economy and human health; as such, development of antibiofilm compounds is an urgent need. Our previous study identified eleven environmental isolates of endophyte bacteria, actinomycetes, and two strains of Vibrio cholerae as having strong antibiofilm activity, but only tested crude extracts from liquid culture. Here we grew the same bacteria in solid culture to induce the formation of colony biofilms and the expression of genes that may ultimately produce antibiofilm compounds. This research aimed to compare antibiofilm inhibition and destruction activities between liquid and solid cultures of these eleven environmental isolates against the biofilms of representative pathogenic bacteria.
Results
We measured antibiofilm activity using the static antibiofilm assay and crystal violet staining. The majority of our isolates exhibited higher inhibitory antibiofilm activity in liquid media, including all endophyte bacteria, V. cholerae V15a, and actinomycetes strains (CW01, SW03, CW17). However, for V. cholerae strain B32 and two actinomycetes bacteria (TB12 and SW12), the solid crude extracts showed higher inhibitory activity. Regarding destructive antibiofilm activity, many endophyte isolates and V. cholerae strains showed no significant difference between culture methods; the exceptions were endophyte bacteria isolate JerF4 and V. cholerae B32. The liquid extract of isolate JerF4 showed higher destructive activity relative to the corresponding solid culture extract, while for V. cholerae strain B32 the solid extract showed higher activity against some biofilms of pathogenic bacteria.
Conclusions
Culture conditions, namely solid or liquid culture, can influence the activity of culture extracts against biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. We compared the antibiofilm activity and presented the data that majority of isolates showed a higher antibiofilm activity in liquid culture. Interestingly, solid extracts from three isolates (B32, TB12, and SW12) have a better inhibition or/and destruction antibiofilm activity compared to their liquid culture. Further research is needed to characterize the activities of specific metabolites in solid and liquid culture extracts and to determine the mechanisms of their antibiofilm actions.
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Dahake PT, Kothari S. Microbiological Profile of Primary Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis and Pulp Necrosis with/without Abscess and their Susceptibility to Three Antibiotics as Intracanal Medication. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:312-320. [PMID: 37519959 PMCID: PMC10373775 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The ineffective disinfection potential of conventional intracanal medicaments to eliminate enteropathogens from root canal systems leads to their persistence contributing to endodontic treatment failures. Hence, the use of appropriate intracanal medicament becomes the essential phase to accomplishing comprehensive decontamination of the root canal system. When applied topically as an intracanal medicament, antibiotics eradicate residual microorganisms from tortuous endodontic spaces, minimizing the risk of systemic toxicity. Aims and objectives To evaluate the prevalence of various bacterial species associated with signs of irreversible pulpitis and pulp necrosis with/without abscess in primary teeth root canals and their susceptibility against three antimicrobial agents. Materials and methods The pulp tissue and organic debris were retrieved from deciduous teeth (n = 50) from children between the age of 3-10 years and cultured. The bacterial identification and antibacterial profiling of isolated bacteria were done against clindamycin, metronidazole, and doxycycline through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. The MIC and MBC of each antibiotic were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), range, and standard error (SE of the mean). The intergroup comparisons were done by the Kruskal-Wallis test, while intragroup pair-wise comparisons were done using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The confidence level will be set at 95%. Results Aerobic bacteria were found in 54%, microaerophilic bacteria in 76%, facultative anaerobes in 26%, and obligatory anaerobes were isolated from 30% of teeth. The intragroup and intergroup comparisons of test agent MIC revealed a nonsignificant difference (p > 0.05). The intragroup MBC comparisons of all the test agents revealed statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05), while intergroup comparisons demonstrated nonsignificant (p > 0.05) to highly significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion Clindamycin demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against most of the isolated bacteria, while against metronidazole and doxycycline, most of the bacteria were moderate to highly resistant. Clinical significance Determining the antibacterial agents' efficacy along with modifications can help to target maximum pathogenic microbes and reduce catastrophic endodontic therapy failures. How to cite this article Dahake PT, Kothari S. Microbiological Profile of Primary Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis and Pulp Necrosis with/without Abscess and their Susceptibility to Three Antibiotics as Intracanal Medication. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):312-320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna T Dahake
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (DMIHER) (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonal Kothari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pacific Dental College & Research Center, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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In Vitro Activity of a Hypochlorous Acid-Generating Electrochemical Bandage against Yeast Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0116622. [PMID: 36472429 PMCID: PMC9872635 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01166-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiofilm activity of a hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-producing electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) was assessed against 14 yeast isolates in vitro. The evaluated e-bandage was polarized at +1.5 VAg/AgCl to allow continuous production of HOCl. Time-dependent decreases in the biofilm CFU counts were observed for all isolates with e-bandage treatment. The results suggest that the described HOCl-producing e-bandage could serve as a potential alternative to traditional antifungal wound biofilm treatments.
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Nogbou ND, Ramashia M, Nkawane GM, Allam M, Obi CL, Musyoki AM. Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Isolated at a Tertiary Health Facility in Pretoria, South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:594. [PMID: 35625238 PMCID: PMC9138137 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii's (A. baumannii) growing resistance to all available antibiotics is of concern. The study describes a colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolated at a clinical facility from a tracheal aspirate sample. Furthermore, it determines the isolates' niche establishment ability within the tertiary health facility. METHODS An antimicrobial susceptibility test, conventional PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, phenotypic evaluation of the efflux pump, and whole-genome sequencing and analysis were performed on the isolate. RESULTS The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern revealed a resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime/ceftriaxone, imipenem, meropenem, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tigecycline, and colistin. A broth microdilution test confirmed the colistin resistance. Conventional PCR and quantitative real-time PCR investigations revealed the presence of adeB, adeR, and adeS, while mcr-1 was not detected. A MIC of 0.38 µg/mL and 0.25 µg/mL was recorded before and after exposure to an AdeABC efflux pump inhibitor. The whole-genome sequence analysis of antimicrobial resistance-associated genes detected beta-lactam: blaOXA-66; blaOXA-23; blaADC-25; blaADC-73; blaA1; blaA2, and blaMBL; aminoglycoside: aph(6)-Id; aph(3″)-Ib; ant(3″)-IIa and armA) and a colistin resistance-associated gene lpsB. The whole-genome sequence virulence analysis revealed a biofilm formation system and cell-cell adhesion-associated genes: bap, bfmR, bfmS, csuA, csuA/B, csuB, csuC, csuD, csuE, pgaA, pgaB, pgaC, and pgaD; and quorum sensing-associated genes: abaI and abaR and iron acquisition system associated genes: barA, barB, basA, basB, basC, basD, basF, basG, basH, basI, basJ, bauA, bauB, bauC, bauD, bauE, bauF, and entE. A sequence type classification based on the Pasteur scheme revealed that the isolate belongs to sequence type ST2. CONCLUSIONS The mosaic of the virulence factors coupled with the resistance-associated genes and the phenotypic resistance profile highlights the risk that this strain is at this South African tertiary health facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel-David Nogbou
- Microbiological Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (N.-D.N.); (M.R.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Mbudzeni Ramashia
- Microbiological Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (N.-D.N.); (M.R.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Granny Marumo Nkawane
- Microbiological Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (N.-D.N.); (M.R.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Mushal Allam
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Chikwelu Lawrence Obi
- School of Sciences and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
| | - Andrew Munyalo Musyoki
- Microbiological Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (N.-D.N.); (M.R.); (G.M.N.)
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Piktel E, Wnorowska U, Depciuch J, Łysik D, Cieśluk M, Fiedoruk K, Mystkowska J, Parlińska-Wojtan M, Janmey PA, Bucki R. N-Acetyl-Cysteine Increases Activity of Peanut-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles Against Biofilms Formed by Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:851-871. [PMID: 35281576 PMCID: PMC8906902 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s348357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by bacteria, as they form a biofilm, determine the stability and viscoelastic properties of biofilms and prevent antibiotics from penetrating this multicellular structure. To date, studies demonstrated that an appropriate optimization of the chemistry and morphology of nanotherapeutics might provide a favorable approach to control their interaction with EPS and/or diffusion within the biofilm matrix. Targeting the biofilms’ EPS, which in certain conditions can adopt liquid crystal structure, was demonstrated to improve the anti-biofilm activity of antibiotics and nanoparticles. A similar effect is achievable by interfering EPS’ production by mucoactive agents, such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). In our previous study, we demonstrated the nanogram efficiency of non-spherical gold nanoparticles, which due to their physicochemical features, particularly morphology, were noted to be superior in antimicrobial activity compared to their spherical-shaped counterparts. Methods To explore the importance of EPS matrix modulation in achieving a suitable efficiency of peanut-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuP NPs) against biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients, fluorescence microscopy, as well as resazurin staining were employed. Rheological parameters of AuP NPs-treated biofilms were investigated by rotational and creep-recovery tests using a rheometer in a plate-plate arrangement. Results We demonstrated that tested nanoparticles significantly inhibit the growth of mono- and mixed-species biofilms, particularly when combined with NAC. Notably, gold nanopeanuts were shown to decrease the viscosity and increase the creep compliance of Pseudomonas biofilm, similarly to EPS-targeting NAC. Synergistic activity of AuP NPs with tobramycin was also observed, and the AuP NPs were able to eradicate bacteria within biofilms formed by tobramycin-resistant isolates. Conclusion We propose that peanut-shaped gold nanoparticles should be considered as a potent therapeutic agent against Pseudomonas biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physic, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, PL-31342, Poland
| | - Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieśluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland
| | | | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-222, Poland
- Correspondence: Robert Bucki, Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, Bialystok, 15-222, Poland, Tel + 48 85 748 5793, Email
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Upmanyu K, Haq QMR, Singh R. Factors mediating Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation: Opportunities for developing therapeutics. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100131. [PMID: 35909621 PMCID: PMC9325880 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A. baumannii rapidly acquires antimicrobial resistance and causes biofilm associated infections. Strategies to target intrinsic factors mediating A. baumannii biofilm formation offer therapeutic prospects. Antimicrobial polymers and coating medical devices with antibiofilm agents may prevent biofilm associated infections. Biofilm matrix or regulatory mechanisms such as quorum sensing are potential targets for treating chronic infections. Phage therapy, photodynamic therapy and nanoparticle therapy are novel promising approaches for treating biofilm associated infections.
Acinetobacter baumannii has notably become a superbug due to its mounting risk of infection and escalating rates of antimicrobial resistance, including colistin, the last-resort antibiotic. Its propensity to form biofilm on biotic and abiotic surfaces has contributed to the majority of nosocomial infections. Bacterial cells in biofilms are resistant to antibiotics and host immune response, and pose challenges in treatment. Therefore current scenario urgently requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies for successful treatment outcomes. This article provides a holistic understanding of sequential events and regulatory mechanisms directing A. baumannii biofilm formation. Understanding the key factors functioning and regulating the biofilm machinery of A. baumannii will provide us insight to develop novel approaches to combat A. baumannii infections. Further, the review article deliberates promising strategies for the prevention of biofilm formation on medically relevant substances and potential therapeutic strategies for the eradication of preformed biofilms which can help tackle biofilm-associated A. baumannii infections. Advances in emerging therapeutic opportunities such as phage therapy, nanoparticle therapy and photodynamic therapy are also discussed to comprehend the current scenario and future outlook for the development of successful treatment against biofilm-associated A. baumannii infections.
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Cherednichenko K, Kopitsyn D, Batasheva S, Fakhrullin R. Probing Antimicrobial Halloysite/Biopolymer Composites with Electron Microscopy: Advantages and Limitations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3510. [PMID: 34685269 PMCID: PMC8538282 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Halloysite is a tubular clay nanomaterial of the kaolin group with a characteristic feature of oppositely charged outer and inner surfaces, allowing its selective spatial modification. The natural origin and specific properties of halloysite make it a potent material for inclusion in biopolymer composites with polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. The applications of halloysite/biopolymer composites range from drug delivery and tissue engineering to food packaging and the creation of stable enzyme-based catalysts. Another important application field for the halloysite complexes with biopolymers is surface coatings resistant to formation of microbial biofilms (elaborated communities of various microorganisms attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces and embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix). Within biofilms, the microorganisms are protected from the action of antibiotics, engendering the problem of hard-to-treat recurrent infectious diseases. The clay/biopolymer composites can be characterized by a number of methods, including dynamic light scattering, thermo gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as a range of microscopic techniques. However, most of the above methods provide general information about a bulk sample. In contrast, the combination of electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy allows assessment of the appearance and composition of biopolymeric coatings on individual nanotubes or the distribution of the nanotubes in biopolymeric matrices. In this review, recent contributions of electron microscopy to the studies of halloysite/biopolymer composites are reviewed along with the challenges and perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Cherednichenko
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», 65 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Dmitry Kopitsyn
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», 65 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Svetlana Batasheva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı, 18, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia;
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», 65 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.C.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kreml uramı, 18, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia;
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Reversal of Polymicrobial Biofilm Tolerance to Ciprofloxacin by Blue Light plus Carvacrol. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102074. [PMID: 34683395 PMCID: PMC8539106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound infections are often caused by multi-species biofilms and these biofilm-embedded bacteria exhibit remarkable tolerance to existing antibiotics, which presents huge challenges to control such infections in the wounds. In this investigation, we established a polymicrobial biofilm composed of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii. We tested a cocktail therapy comprising 405-nm blue light (BL), carvacrol (Ca), and antibiotics on the multispecies biofilm. Despite the fact that all strains used to form the biofilm were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (CIP) in planktonic cultures, the biofilm was found to withstand ciprofloxacin as well as BL-Ca dual treatment, mainly because K. pneumoniae outgrew and became dominant in the biofilm after each treatment. Strikingly, when ciprofloxacin was combined with BL-Ca, the multispecies biofilms succumbed substantially and were eradicated at an efficacy of 99.9%. Mechanistically, BL-Ca treatment increased membrane permeability and potentiated the anti-biofilm activity of ciprofloxacin, probably by facilitating ciprofloxacin’s entrance of the bacteria, which is particularly significant for K. pneumoniae, a species that is refractory to either ciprofloxacin or BL-Ca dual treatment. The results suggest that bacterial membrane damage can be one of the pivotal strategies to subvert biofilm tolerance and combat the recalcitrant multispecies biofilms.
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Abdul Salim S, Masoud AT, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Soliman KM, Garla V, Sofy AA, Ahmed AS, Abdelsattar AT, Zsom L, Tapolyai M, Fülöp T. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Antibiotic and Antimicrobial Lock Solutions for Prevention of Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Infections. ASAIO J 2021; 67:1079-1086. [PMID: 33587469 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) with hemodialysis catheters are associated with increased mortality, morbidity and pose significant financial burden on healthcare. Antibiotic and antimicrobial locking solutions are effective in reducing risk of CRBSI. From inception to April 2020, we looked for relevant clinical controlled trials throughout the following databases: EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, clinicaltrial.gov, and Google Scholar performing a metanalysis comparing antibiotic and antimicrobial lock solutions to heparin. Twenty-six studies with 4,967 patients reported the incidence of catheter-related bacteremia (CRB). The overall pooled risk ratio (RR) showed that the intervention group was associated with a significantly lower incidence of CRB by 30% compared with heparin (RR = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.25, 0.36], p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that administration of antibiotic regimens led to a decreased risk of CRB episodes by 28% compared with the heparin group (RR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.21, 0.37], p < 0.0001). Antimicrobial solutions was associated with reduced risk of CRB by 32% compared with patients of the control group (RR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.25, 0.41], p < 0.0001). A test of subgroup differences was revealed no significant favoring of any of the two interventions. Both antibiotic and antimicrobial solutions are effective in reducing CRBSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Abdul Salim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | | | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Karim M Soliman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vishnu Garla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mississippi center for clinical and translational research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | | | | | - Lajos Zsom
- Cegléd Hemodialysis Units, Fresenius Medical Care, Hungary
| | - Mihaly Tapolyai
- Fresenius Medical Care, Hatvan Hemodialysis Units, Fresenius Medical Care, Hungary
| | - Tibor Fülöp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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18
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Romandini A, Pani A, Schenardi PA, Pattarino GAC, De Giacomo C, Scaglione F. Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Infections: Global Emerging Threats, Predicting the Near Future. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040393. [PMID: 33917430 PMCID: PMC8067449 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a public health threat of the utmost importance, especially when it comes to children: according to WHO data, infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria produce 700,000 deaths across all ages, of which around 200,000 are newborns. This surging issue has multipronged roots that are specific to the pediatric age. For instance, the problematic overuse and misuse of antibiotics (for wrong diagnoses and indications, or at wrong dosage) is also fueled by the lack of pediatric-specific data and trials. The ever-evolving nature of this age group also poses another issue: the partly age-dependent changes of a developing system of cytochromes determine a rather diverse population in terms of biochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics profiles, hard to easily codify in an age- or weight-dependent dosage. The pediatric population is also penalized by the contraindications of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, and by congenital malformations which often require repeated hospitalizations and pharmacological and surgical treatments from a very young age. Emerging threats for the pediatric age are MRSA, VRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the alarming colistin resistance. Urgent actions need to be taken in order to step back from a now likely post-antibiotic era, where simple infections might cause infant death once again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romandini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Paolo Andrea Schenardi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (P.A.S.)
| | | | - Costantino De Giacomo
- Maternal and Infantile Department of Pediatrics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6444-2432
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.)
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Prajapati JD, Kleinekathöfer U, Winterhalter M. How to Enter a Bacterium: Bacterial Porins and the Permeation of Antibiotics. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5158-5192. [PMID: 33724823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically, pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria have become a global threat due to their extraordinary ability to acquire resistance against any clinically available antibiotic, thus urging for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. One major challenge is to design new antibiotics molecules able to rapidly penetrate Gram-negative bacteria in order to achieve a lethal intracellular drug accumulation. Protein channels in the outer membrane are known to form an entry route for many antibiotics into bacterial cells. Up until today, there has been a lack of simple experimental techniques to measure the antibiotic uptake and the local concentration in subcellular compartments. Hence, rules for translocation directly into the various Gram-negative bacteria via the outer membrane or via channels have remained elusive, hindering the design of new or the improvement of existing antibiotics. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress, both experimentally as well as computationally, in understanding the structure-function relationship of outer-membrane channels of Gram-negative pathogens, mainly focusing on the transport of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen 28759, Germany
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Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Mirhadi E, Tajani AS, Khameneh B. The role of nanotechnology in combating biofilm-based antibiotic resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Green surfactant based synthesis of curcumin loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles with enhanced solubility, photo-stability and anti-biofilm activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Trizna EY, Yarullina MN, Baidamshina DR, Mironova AV, Akhatova FS, Rozhina EV, Fakhrullin RF, Khabibrakhmanova AM, Kurbangalieva AR, Bogachev MI, Kayumov AR. Bidirectional alterations in antibiotics susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus-Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual-species biofilm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14849. [PMID: 32908166 PMCID: PMC7481796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71834-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mixed infections, the bacterial susceptibility differs significantly compared to monocultures of bacteria, and generally the concentrations of antibiotics required for the treatment increases drastically. For S. aureus and P. aeruginosa dual species biofilms, it has been numerously reported that P. aeruginosa decreases S. aureus susceptibility to a broad range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, macrolides, while sensitizes to quinolones via secretion of various metabolites. Here we show that S. aureus also modulates the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics in mixed cultures. Thus, S. aureus-P. aeruginosa consortium was characterized by tenfold increase in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides compared to monocultures. The same effect could be also achieved by the addition of cell-free culture of S. aureus to P. aeruginosa biofilm. Moreover, similar increase in antibiotics efficacy could be observed following addition of S. aureus suspension to the P. aeruginosa mature biofilm, compared to P. aeruginosa monoculture, and vice versa. These findings open promising perspectives to increase the antimicrobial treatment efficacy of the wounds infected with nosocomial pathogens by the transplantation of the skin residential microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y Trizna
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Maria N Yarullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Diana R Baidamshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Mironova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Farida S Akhatova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira V Rozhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Rawil F Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Alsu M Khabibrakhmanova
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Almira R Kurbangalieva
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail I Bogachev
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Airat R Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation.
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Ismail NS, Subbiah SK, Taib NM. Application of Phenotype Microarray for Profiling Carbon Sources Utilization between Biofilm and Non-Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Isolates. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1539-1550. [PMID: 32598252 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200629145217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the fastest work in obtaining the metabolic profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in order to combat the infection diseases which leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a high versatility of gram-negative bacteria that can undergo aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Capabilities in deploying different carbon sources, energy metabolism and regulatory system, ensure the survival of this microorganism in the diverse environment condition. Determination of differences in carbon sources utilization among biofilm and non-biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa provides a platform in understanding the metabolic activity of the microorganism. METHODS The study was carried out from September 2017 to February 2019. Four archive isolates forming strong and intermediate biofilm and non-biofilms producer were subcultured from archive isolates. ATCC 27853 P. aeruginosa was used as a negative control or non-biofilm producing microorganism. Biofilm formation was confirmed by Crystal Violet Assay (CVA) and Congo Red Agar (CRA). Metabolic profiles of the biofilm and non-biofilms isolates were determined by phenotype microarrays (Biolog Omnilog). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm isolates utilized uridine, L-threonine and L-serine while non-biofilm utilized adenosine, inosine, monomethyl, sorbic acid and succinamic acid. CONCLUSION The outcome of this result will be used for future studies to improve detection or inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa biofilm and non-biofilm respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur S Ismail
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh K Subbiah
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Niazlin M Taib
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bovine Respiratory Disease Treatment Failure: Impact and Potential Causes. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:487-496. [PMID: 32451037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is often attributed to complex interactions between the host, pathogen, and the environment. Likewise, many BRD treatment failures result from interactions between the host, pathogen, environment, drug, and drug administrator. Investigating and addressing the underlying causes of BRD treatment failures can improve clinical outcomes and animal welfare of future cases, improve morale of employees, reduce direct costs of dealing with BRD treatment failures, refine antimicrobial prescribing practices, and advance antimicrobial stewardship. This article discusses these interactions and provides guidance to veterinary practitioners on evaluating the success of treatment protocols.
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Dey P, Parai D, Banerjee M, Hossain ST, Mukherjee SK. Naringin sensitizes the antibiofilm effect of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151410. [PMID: 32057619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore the combinatorial effect of naringin with antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The antibiofilm efficacy of selected treatment regimes against P. aeruginosa biofilm were quantified by crystal violet assay, MTT assay, Congo red binding assay, and were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All the assays reflected antibiofilm activities, however, combinatorial performances of naringin with antibiotics were found to be more significant. A significant reduction in swimming and swarming motilities along with pellicle formation and altered colony morphology were observed as a result of combinatorial effect. The cytotoxicity of naringin and its antibiotic combinations was assayed on murine macrophage cell line. The applicability of such combinations was tested for their relative eradication against pre-formed biofilm on urinary catheter surface. This finding indicated that naringin potentiates the efficacy of both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on P. aeruginosa biofilm in comparison to their solo treatment. The finding would help to open hitherto unexplored possibilities of establishing naringin as a potential antibiofilm agent and suggest on the possibility of its use in drug-herb combinations for managing biofilm-associated bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Malabika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
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Abdulrahman H, Misba L, Ahmad S, Khan AU. Curcumin induced photodynamic therapy mediated suppression of quorum sensing pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An approach to inhibit biofilm in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 30:101645. [PMID: 31899376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to inhibit the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm through curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT). BACKGROUND The mechanism behind A-PDT mediated photoinactivation depend upon reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, like singlet oxygen and free radicals. METHODS To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of curcumin induced A-PDT on P. aeruginosa by colony forming unit (CFU) while antibiofilm action was determined by the use of crystal violet, XTT, congored binding assay and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). RESULTS We found that curcumin with 10 J/cm2 of light reduces P. aeruginosa biofilm more efficiently than without light. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production was also reduced by approx 94 % with 10 J/cm2 of light dose. CLSM images showed that the thickness of biofilms were reduced from >30 μm to <5 μm after treatment with curcumin followed by 10 J/cm2 of light irradiation. Curcumin showed better bacteriostatic activity than bactericidal activity. Singlet oxygen is primarily responsible for photodamage and cytotoxic reactions caused by curcumin-mediated APDT. Genes involved in quorum sensing (QS) pathway was also found to be inhibited after APDT. Curcumin with 5 J/cm2 light inhibits QS genes and on increasing light dose i.e10 J/cm2, we found a drastic reduction in gene expression. CONCLUSION We conclude that the curcumin mediated A-PDT inhibits biofilm formation ofP. aeruginosa through QS pathway by the action of singlet oxygen generation which in turn reduced EPS of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder Abdulrahman
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Lama Misba
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Penesyan A, Nagy SS, Kjelleberg S, Gillings MR, Paulsen IT. Rapid microevolution of biofilm cells in response to antibiotics. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:34. [PMID: 31728201 PMCID: PMC6834608 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are increasingly antibiotic resistant, generating a significant public health problem. Like many bacteria, A. baumannii adopts a biofilm lifestyle that enhances its antibiotic resistance and environmental resilience. Biofilms represent the predominant mode of microbial life, but research into antibiotic resistance has mainly focused on planktonic cells. We investigated the dynamics of A. baumannii biofilms in the presence of antibiotics. A 3-day exposure of A. baumannii biofilms to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics had a profound effect, increasing biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in the majority of biofilm dispersal isolates. Cells dispersing from biofilms were genome sequenced to identify mutations accumulating in their genomes, and network analysis linked these mutations to their phenotypes. Transcriptomics of biofilms confirmed the network analysis results, revealing novel gene functions of relevance to both resistance and biofilm formation. This approach is a rapid and objective tool for investigating resistance dynamics of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Penesyan
- 1Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia.,2School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Stephanie S Nagy
- 1Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- 3Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551 Singapore.,4School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore.,5School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Michael R Gillings
- 6Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- 1Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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Conceptual Model of Biofilm Antibiotic Tolerance That Integrates Phenomena of Diffusion, Metabolism, Gene Expression, and Physiology. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00307-19. [PMID: 31501280 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00307-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic, metabolomic, physiological, and computational modeling approaches were integrated to gain insight into the mechanisms of antibiotic tolerance in an in vitro biofilm system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were grown in drip flow reactors on a medium composed to mimic the exudate from a chronic wound. After 4 days, the biofilm was 114 μm thick with 9.45 log10 CFU cm-2 These biofilms exhibited tolerance, relative to exponential-phase planktonic cells, to subsequent treatment with ciprofloxacin. The specific growth rate of the biofilm was estimated via elemental balances to be approximately 0.37 h-1 and with a reaction-diffusion model to be 0.32 h-1, or one-third of the maximum specific growth rate for planktonic cells. Global analysis of gene expression indicated lower transcription of ribosomal genes and genes for other anabolic functions in biofilms than in exponential-phase planktonic cells and revealed the induction of multiple stress responses in biofilm cells, including those associated with growth arrest, zinc limitation, hypoxia, and acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing. Metabolic pathways for phenazine biosynthesis and denitrification were transcriptionally activated in biofilms. A customized reaction-diffusion model predicted that steep oxygen concentration gradients will form when these biofilms are thicker than about 40 μm. Mutant strains that were deficient in Psl polysaccharide synthesis, the stringent response, the stationary-phase response, and the membrane stress response exhibited increased ciprofloxacin susceptibility when cultured in biofilms. These results support a sequence of phenomena leading to biofilm antibiotic tolerance, involving oxygen limitation, electron acceptor starvation and growth arrest, induction of associated stress responses, and differentiation into protected cell states.IMPORTANCE Bacteria in biofilms are protected from killing by antibiotics, and this reduced susceptibility contributes to the persistence of infections such as those in the cystic fibrosis lung and chronic wounds. A generalized conceptual model of biofilm antimicrobial tolerance with the following mechanistic steps is proposed: (i) establishment of concentration gradients in metabolic substrates and products; (ii) active biological responses to these changes in the local chemical microenvironment; (iii) entry of biofilm cells into a spectrum of states involving alternative metabolisms, stress responses, slow growth, cessation of growth, or dormancy (all prior to antibiotic treatment); (iv) adaptive responses to antibiotic exposure; and (v) reduced susceptibility of microbial cells to antimicrobial challenges in some of the physiological states accessed through these changes.
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In vitro evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lung infection models: Are agar and calcium-alginate beads interchangeable? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 143:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Shariati A, Asadian E, Fallah F, Azimi T, Hashemi A, Yasbolaghi Sharahi J, Taati Moghadam M. Evaluation of Nano-curcumin effects on expression levels of virulence genes and biofilm production of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infection in Tehran, Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2223-2235. [PMID: 31440064 PMCID: PMC6664860 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s213200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P. aeruginosa is considered as one of the most important pathogens, and high antibiotic resistance to P. aeruginosa has become an alarming concern. This study attempts to further improve curcumin solubility and stability by producing the involved nanoparticle and investigate the effect of this nanoparticle on those virulence genes of P. aeruginosa in pathogenicity and biofilm formation. Methods In this study, the curcumin nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized, and the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Nano-curcumin and curcumin were investigated by microdilution broth and microtiter plate, respectively. In addition, cytotoxic effect of Nano-curcumin on human epithelial cell lines (A549) was determined. The effects of Nano-curcumin on P. aeruginosa virulence genes, mexD, mexB, and mexT (efflux pumps), lecA (adhesion), nfxB (negative regulator of MexCD-OprJ), and rsmZ (biofilm formation) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Results Synthesized Nano-curcumins were soluble in water, which inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa at 128 µg/mL, whereas it was inhibited at 256 µg/mL for soluble curcumin in DMSO. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of Nano-curcumin reduced biofilm formation and, at 64 μg/mL, disrupted 58% of the established bacterial biofilms. In addition, curcumin nanoparticle downregulated the transcription of virulence genes except nfxB and exerted no cytotoxic effect on human epithelial cell lines (A549). Conclusions Results suggest that Nano-curcumin could be potentially used to reduce P. aeruginosa virulence and biofilm. However, in vivo studies with respect to an animal model are necessary to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Asadian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yasbolaghi Sharahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sharma D, Misba L, Khan AU. Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:76. [PMID: 31131107 PMCID: PMC6524306 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a complex structure of microbiome having different bacterial colonies or single type of cells in a group; adhere to the surface. These cells are embedded in extracellular polymeric substances, a matrix which is generally composed of eDNA, proteins and polysaccharides, showed high resistance to antibiotics. It is one of the major causes of infection persistence especially in nosocomial settings through indwelling devices. Quorum sensing plays an important role in regulating the biofilm formation. There are many approaches being used to control infections by suppressing its formation but CRISPR-CAS (gene editing technique) and photo dynamic therapy (PDT) are proposed to be used as therapeutic approaches to subside bacterial biofim infections, especially caused by deadly drug resistant bad bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Sharma
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Lama Misba
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
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Labriola L. Antibiotic locks for the treatment of catheter-related blood stream infection: Still more hope than data. Semin Dial 2019; 32:402-405. [PMID: 30950116 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic lock therapy (ALT), in conjunction with systemic antibiotics, is recommended by scientific societies as a treatment of uncomplicated catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in hemodynamically stable hemodialysis patients for whom catheter salvage is the goal. The rationale for this strategy is the eradication of intraluminal biofilms by the highly concentrated antibiotic used in the lock. However, the available evidence supporting this recommendation is scanty, and only includes small, short-term, observational studies (most of them single-arm), with different definitions of CRBSI cure and variable follow-up periods. Furthermore, the ability of an antibiotic to eradicate a biofilm is not predicted by its inherent spectrum of antibacterial activity, since sessile microorganisms in their biofilm display other mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics than their planktonic counter-parts. Additionally, penetration of some antibiotics frequently used into biofilms produced by common microorganisms appears to be low. In this editorial we provide a critical view on the available evidence regarding the efficacy of ALT on the treatment of CRBSI in hemodialysis patients, as well as the microbiological issues and technical challenges of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Labriola
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Kiamco MM, Zmuda HM, Mohamed A, Call DR, Raval YS, Patel R, Beyenal H. Hypochlorous-Acid-Generating Electrochemical Scaffold for Treatment of Wound Biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2683. [PMID: 30804362 PMCID: PMC6389966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation causes prolonged wound infections due to the dense biofilm structure, differential gene regulation to combat stress, and production of extracellular polymeric substances. Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are three difficult-to-treat biofilm-forming bacteria frequently found in wound infections. This work describes a novel wound dressing in the form of an electrochemical scaffold (e-scaffold) that generates controlled, low concentrations of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) suitable for killing biofilm communities without substantially damaging host tissue. Production of HOCl near the e-scaffold surface was verified by measuring its concentration using needle-type microelectrodes. E-scaffolds producing 17, 10 and 7 mM HOCl completely eradicated S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa biofilms after 3 hours, 2 hours, and 1 hour, respectively. Cytotoxicity and histopathological assessment showed no discernible harm to host tissues when e-scaffolds were applied to explant biofilms. The described strategy may provide a novel antibiotic-free strategy for treating persistent biofilm-associated infections, such as wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Mae Kiamco
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Hannah M Zmuda
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- The Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yash S Raval
- Divisions of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Divisions of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN, USA.,Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Li Z, Behrens AM, Ginat N, Tzeng SY, Lu X, Sivan S, Langer R, Jaklenec A. Biofilm-Inspired Encapsulation of Probiotics for the Treatment of Complex Infections. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803925. [PMID: 30328144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance poses a major challenge to healthcare. Probiotics offer a potential alternative treatment method but are often incompatible with antibiotics themselves, diminishing their overall therapeutic utility. This work uses biofilm-inspired encapsulation of probiotics to confer temporary antibiotic protection and to enable the coadministration of probiotics and antibiotics. Probiotics are encapsulated within alginate, a crucial component of pseudomonas biofilms, based on a simple two-step alginate cross-linking procedure. Following exposure to the antibiotic tobramycin, the growth and metabolic activity of encapsulated probiotics are unaffected by tobramycin, and they show a four-log survival advantage over free probiotics. This results from tobramycin sequestration on the periphery of alginate beads which prevents its diffusion into the core but yet allows probiotic byproducts to diffuse outward. It is demonstrated that this approach using tobramycin combined with encapsulated probiotic has the ability to completely eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in coculture, the two most widely implicated bacteria in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam M Behrens
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nitzan Ginat
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xueguang Lu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarit Sivan
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ort Braude College, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel, 21982, Israel
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ana Jaklenec
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Albayaty YN, Thomas N, Hasan S, Prestidge CA. Penetration of topically used antimicrobials through Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: A comparative study using different models. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mosselhy DA, He W, Hynönen U, Meng Y, Mohammadi P, Palva A, Feng Q, Hannula SP, Nordström K, Linder MB. Silica-gentamicin nanohybrids: combating antibiotic resistance, bacterial biofilms, and in vivo toxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7939-7957. [PMID: 30568441 PMCID: PMC6276608 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s182611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in health care. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), forming biofilms, is a common cause of resistant orthopedic implant infections. Gentamicin is a crucial antibiotic preventing orthopedic infections. Silica-gentamicin (SiO2-G) delivery systems have attracted significant interest in preventing the formation of biofilms. However, compelling scientific evidence addressing their efficacy against planktonic MRSA and MRSA biofilms is still lacking, and their safety has not extensively been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, we have investigated the effects of SiO2-G nanohybrids against planktonic MRSA as well as MRSA and Escherichia coli biofilms and then evaluated their toxicity in zebrafish embryos, which are an excellent model for assessing the toxicity of nanotherapeutics. RESULTS SiO2-G nanohybrids inhibited the growth and killed planktonic MRSA at a minimum concentration of 500 µg/mL. SiO2-G nanohybrids entirely eradicated E. coli cells in biofilms at a minimum concentration of 250 µg/mL and utterly deformed their ultrastructure through the deterioration of bacterial shapes and wrinkling of their cell walls. Zebrafish embryos exposed to SiO2-G nanohybrids (500 and 1,000 µg/mL) showed a nonsignificant increase in mortality rates, 13.4±9.4 and 15%±7.1%, respectively, mainly detected 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). Frequencies of malformations were significantly different from the control group only 24 hpf at the higher exposure concentration. CONCLUSION Collectively, this work provides the first comprehensive in vivo assessment of SiO2-G nanohybrids as a biocompatible drug delivery system and describes the efficacy of SiO2-G nanohybrids in combating planktonic MRSA cells and eradicating E. coli biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Mosselhy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland,
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland,
- Fish Diseases Department, Microbiological Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt,
| | - Wei He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ulla Hynönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yaping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland,
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Simo-Pekka Hannula
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland,
| | - Katrina Nordström
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland,
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland,
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Self-induced mechanical stress can trigger biofilm formation in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4087. [PMID: 30291231 PMCID: PMC6173693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms represent an important medical problem; however, the mechanisms of the onset of biofilm formation are poorly understood. Here, using new controlled methods allowing high-throughput and reproducible biofilm growth, we show that biofilm formation is linked to self-imposed mechanical stress. In growing uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonies, we report that mechanical stress can initially emerge from the physical stress accompanying colony confinement within micro-cavities or hydrogel environments reminiscent of the cytosol of host cells. Biofilm formation can then be enhanced by a nutrient access-modulated feedback loop, in which biofilm matrix deposition can be particularly high in areas of increased mechanical and biological stress, with the deposited matrix further enhancing the stress levels. This feedback regulation can lead to adaptive and diverse biofilm formation guided by the environmental stresses. Our results suggest previously unappreciated mechanisms of the onset and progression of biofilm growth. Bacterial biofilms are an increasingly important medical problem but the mechanisms by which they develop remain largely unknown. Here, using a high-throughput approach, the authors show that biofilm formation is linked to self-imposed mechanical stress.
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Crittenden CM, Morrison LJ, Fitzpatrick MD, Myers AP, Novelli ET, Rosenberg J, Akin LD, Srinivasa S, Shear JB, Brodbelt JS. Towards mapping electrostatic interactions between Kdo 2-lipid A and cationic antimicrobial peptides via ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry. Analyst 2018; 143:3607-3618. [PMID: 29968868 PMCID: PMC6056329 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00652k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) have been known to act as multi-modal weapons against Gram-negative bacteria. As a new approach to investigate the nature of the interactions between CAMPs and the surfaces of bacteria, native mass spectrometry and two MS/MS strategies (ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and higher energy collisional activation (HCD)) are used to examine formation and disassembly of saccharolipid·peptide complexes. Kdo2-lipid A (KLA) is used as a model saccharolipid to evaluate complexation with a series of cationic peptides (melittin and three analogs). Collisional activation of the KLA·peptide complexes results in the disruption of electrostatic interactions, resulting in apo-sequence ions with shifts in the distribution of ions compared to the fragmentation patterns of the apo-peptides. UVPD of the KLA·peptide complexes results in both apo- and holo-sequence ions of the peptides, the latter in which the KLA remains bound to the truncated peptide fragment despite cleavage of a covalent bond of the peptide backbone. Mapping both the N- and C-terminal holo-product ions gives insight into the peptide motifs (specifically an electropositive KRKR segment and a proline residue) that are responsible for mediating the electrostatic interactions between the cationic peptides and saccharolipid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay J Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Mignon D Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Allison P Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Elisa T Novelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Jake Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Lucas D Akin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Sorin Srinivasa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Jason B Shear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Haagensen J, Verotta D, Huang L, Engel J, Spormann AM, Yang K. Spatiotemporal pharmacodynamics of meropenem- and tobramycin-treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:3357-3365. [PMID: 28961810 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The selection and dose of antibiotic therapy for biofilm-related infections are based on traditional pharmacokinetic studies using planktonic bacteria. The objective of this study was to characterize the time course and spatial activity of human exposure levels of meropenem and tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown in an in vitro flow-chamber model. Methods Pharmacokinetic profiles of meropenem and tobramycin used in human therapy were administered to GFP-labelled P. aeruginosa PAO1 grown in flow chambers for 24 or 72 h. Images were acquired using confocal laser scanning microscopy throughout antibiotic treatment. Bacterial biomass was measured using COMSTAT and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models were fitted using NONMEM7. Results Meropenem treatment resulted in more rapid and sustained killing of both the 24 and 72 h PAO1 biofilm compared with tobramycin. Biofilm regrowth after antibiotic treatment occurred fastest with tobramycin. Meropenem preferentially killed subpopulations within the mushroom cap of the biofilms, regardless of biofilm maturity. The spatial killing by tobramycin varied with biofilm maturity. A tobramycin-treated 24 h biofilm resulted in live and dead cells detaching from the biofilm, while treatment of a 72 h biofilm preferentially killed subpopulations on the periphery of the mushroom stalk. Regrowth occurred primarily on the mushroom caps. Combination meropenem and tobramycin therapy resulted in rapid and efficient killing of biofilm cells, with a spatial pattern similar to meropenem alone. Conclusions Simulated human concentrations of meropenem and tobramycin in young and mature PAO1 biofilms exhibited differences in temporal and spatial patterns of killing and antibiotic tolerance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janus Haagensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Davide Verotta
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Liusheng Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joanne Engel
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alfred M Spormann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Kapoor P, Murphy P. Combination antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, representing common and rare cystic fibrosis strains from different Irish clinics. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00562. [PMID: 29560472 PMCID: PMC5857811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect of antibiotic combination therapy versus single therapy against cystic fibrosis strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified as common and rare among patient groups in different Irish hospitals. Methods This study compares the susceptibility profiles of P. aeruginosa isolates from different cystic fibrosis (CF) clinics in Ireland, collected from 2004–2005. Strains were recovered in small numbers and typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Five common clonal variants were identified in five different hospitals, described as ‘common strains’. A number of ‘rare strains’ associated with any single patient were also included in the study. Certain virulence factors were determined and in vitro assays such as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory concentrations (BIC) were employed to assess potential synergistic effects of antipseudomonal antibiotic combination therapy. Results There was no distinct virulence factors associated with clinical strains that were common in comparison to those that were rare. Antibiotic combination testing revealed the majority of combinations were similar to the activity of either antibiotic used as single agents. Tobramycin-ceftazidime was the most effective combination exhibiting synergistic interactions (FIC ≤ 0.5) against certain clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion The efficacy of single antibiotics and synergistic interactions of antibiotic combinations were strain specific, irrespective of virulence characteristics of P. aeruginosa. Common clonal P. aeruginosa strains do not have distinct characteristics that possibly influence persistence in the chronic CF lung. Tobramycin-ceftazidime may be successful for controlling specific P. aeruginosa strains. Further studies on representative isolates are needed to support these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kapoor
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Adelaide and Meath hospital, Incorporating the National Children's hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Republic of Ireland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Philip Murphy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Adelaide and Meath hospital, Incorporating the National Children's hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Republic of Ireland
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Avcıbaşı U, Demiroğlu H, Sakarya S, Ünak P, Tekin V, Ateş B. The effect of radiolabeled antibiotics on biofilm and microorganism within biofilm. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Knobloch KM, Von Osten H, Horstkotte MA, Rohde H, Mack D. Biofilm Formation is not Necessary for Development of Quinolone-Resistant “Persister” cells in an Attached Staphylococcus Epidermidis Population. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:752-60. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common pathogen in device-associated infections which is able to attach onto polymeric surfaces and develop multilayered biofilms. Attached S. epidermidis displays reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. In this study we investigated the influence of ciprofloxacin and the group IV quinolones gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin with the minimal attachment killing (MAK) assay. MAK concentrations were determined for three biofilm-positive wild-type strains and their isogenic biofilm-negative mutants Depending on strain and investigated quinolone, it was possible to distinguish between a heterogeneous MAK (MAKhetero), and a homogeneous resistance (MAKhomo) which corresponds to the model of a few persisting cells under antibiotic treatment. A lower MAKhomo was detected for the biofilm-negative mutants as well as for the corresponding wild-types for some of the tested quinolones, which seems to be a result of higher bacterial inocula, whereas the MAKhetero concentrations were comparable for mutants and wild-types for nearly all of the tested antibiotics and strains. These data indicate that biofilm formation is not necessary for persistence of attached S. epidermidis cells under treatment with quinolones and could explain therapeutic failure in foreign body-associated infections due to biofilm-negative S. epidermidis isolates. The individual resistance phenotypes of investigated strains indicate that the determination of MAK concentrations might help to predict the therapy outcome of foreign body-associated infections with both biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative S. epidermidis. Thus, the relatively high activity displayed by group IV quinolones against individual attached staphylococcal isolates indicates a possible treatment option with the respective quinolones for foreign body-associated infections due to these isolates. (Int J Artif Organs 2008; 31: 752–60)
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Affiliation(s)
- K.-M. Knobloch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, Lübeck - Germany
| | - H. Von Osten
- Institute for Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg - Germany
| | - M. A. Horstkotte
- Bioscientia Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Labor Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Rohde
- Institute for Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg - Germany
| | - D. Mack
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Kundukad B, Schussman M, Yang K, Seviour T, Yang L, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S, Doyle PS. Mechanistic action of weak acid drugs on biofilms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4783. [PMID: 28684849 PMCID: PMC5500524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective permeability of a biofilm matrix to some drugs has resulted in the development of drug tolerant bacteria. Here we studied the efficacy of a weak organic acid drug, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), on the eradication of biofilms formed by the mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and investigated the commonality of this drug with that of acetic acid. We showed that NAC and acetic acid at pH < pKa can penetrate the matrix and eventually kill 100% of the bacteria embedded in the biofilm. Once the bacteria are killed, the microcolonies swell in size and passively shed bacteria, suggesting that the bacteria act as crosslinkers within the extracellular matrix. Despite shedding of the bacteria, the remnant matrix remains intact and behaves as a pH-responsive hydrogel. These studies not only have implications for drug design but also offer a route to generate robust soft matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Kundukad
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan Schussman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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Peptide modification results in the formation of a dimer with a 60-fold enhanced antimicrobial activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173783. [PMID: 28296935 PMCID: PMC5351969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) occur naturally in numerous organisms and are considered as a class of antibiotics with promising potential against multi-resistant bacteria. Herein, we report a strategy that can lead to the discovery of novel small CAMPs with greatly enhanced antimicrobial activity and retained antibiofilm potential. We geared our efforts towards i) the N-terminal cysteine functionalization of a previously reported small synthetic cationic peptide (peptide 1037, KRFRIRVRV-NH2), ii) its dimerization through a disulfide bond, and iii) a preliminary antimicrobial activity assessment of the newly prepared dimer against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia, pathogens responsible for the formation of biofilms in lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis. This dimer is of high interest as it does not only show greatly enhanced bacterial growth inhibition properties compared to its pep1037 precursor (up to 60 times), but importantly, also displays antibiofilm potential at sub-MICs. Our results suggest that the reported dimer holds promise for its use in future adjunctive therapy, in combination with clinically-relevant antibiotics.
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Hyperosmotic Agents and Antibiotics Affect Dissolved Oxygen and pH Concentration Gradients in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02783-16. [PMID: 28062458 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02783-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms on wound surfaces are treated topically with hyperosmotic agents, such as medical-grade honey and cadexomer iodine; in some cases, these treatments are combined with antibiotics. Tissue repair requires oxygen, and a low pH is conducive to oxygen release from red blood cells and epithelialization. We investigated the variation of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH with biofilm depth and the variation in oxygen consumption rates when biofilms are challenged with medical-grade honey or cadexomer iodine combined with vancomycin or ciprofloxacin. Dissolved oxygen and pH depth profiles in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were measured using microelectrodes. The presence of cadexomer iodine with vancomycin or ciprofloxacin on the surface of the biofilm permitted a measurable concentration of oxygen at greater biofilm depths (101.6 ± 27.3 μm, P = 0.02; and 155.5 ± 27.9 μm, P = 0.016, respectively) than in untreated controls (30.1 μm). Decreases in pH of ∼0.6 and ∼0.4 units were observed in biofilms challenged with medical-grade honey alone and combined with ciprofloxacin, respectively (P < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively); the number of bacteria recovered from biofilms was significantly reduced (1.26 log) by treatment with cadexomer iodine and ciprofloxacin (P = 0.002) compared to the untreated control. Combining cadexomer iodine and ciprofloxacin improved dissolved oxygen concentration and penetration depth into the biofilm, while medical-grade honey was associated with a lower pH; not all treatments established a bactericidal effect in the time frame used in the experiments.IMPORTANCE Reports about using hyperosmotic agents and antibiotics against wound biofilms focus mostly on killing bacteria, but the results of these treatments should additionally be considered in the context of how they affect physiologically important parameters, such as oxygen concentration and pH. We confirmed that the combination of a hyperosmotic agent and an antibiotic results in greater dissolved oxygen and reduced pH within an S. aureus biofilm.
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Satpathy S, Sen SK, Pattanaik S, Raut S. Review on bacterial biofilm: An universal cause of contamination. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Loo CY, Rohanizadeh R, Young PM, Traini D, Cavaliere R, Whitchurch CB, Lee WH. Combination of Silver Nanoparticles and Curcumin Nanoparticles for Enhanced Anti-biofilm Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2513-22. [PMID: 26595817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm tolerance has become a serious clinical concern in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia owing to the resistance to various antibiotics. There is an urgent need to develop alternative antimicrobial agents or combination drug therapies that are effective via different mechanisms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been developed as an anti-biofilm agent for the treatment of infections associated with the use of mechanical ventilations, such as endotracheal intubation. Meanwhile curcumin, a phenolic plant extract, has displayed natural anti-biofilm properties through the inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible synergistic/additive interactions of AgNPs and curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) against both Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) microorganisms. The combination of AgNPs and Cur-NPs (termed Cur-SNPs) at 100 μg/mL disrupted 50% of established bacterial biofilms (formed on microtiter plates). However, further increase in the concentration of Cur-SNPs failed to effectively eliminate the biofilms. To achieve the same effect, at least 500 μg/mL Cur-NP alone was needed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that combination therapy (Cur-SNPs) was the most potent to eradicate preformed biofilm compared to monodrug therapy. These agents are also nontoxic to healthy human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS2B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yee Loo
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ramin Rohanizadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Rosalia Cavaliere
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Cynthia B Whitchurch
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wing-Hin Lee
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Gupta P, Sarkar S, Das B, Bhattacharjee S, Tribedi P. Biofilm, pathogenesis and prevention--a journey to break the wall: a review. Arch Microbiol 2015; 198:1-15. [PMID: 26377585 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms contain group(s) of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilms contain either homogenous or heterogeneous populations of bacteria which remain in the matrix made up of extracellular polymeric substances secreted by constituent population of the biofilm. Biofilms can be either single or multilayered. Biofilms are an increasing issue of concern that is gaining importance with each passing day. Due to the ubiquitous nature of biofilms, it is difficult to eradicate them. It has been seen that many infectious diseases harbour biofilms of bacterial pathogens as the reservoir of persisting infections which can prove fatal at times. The presence of biofilms can be seen in diseases like endocarditis, cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, rhinosinusitis and osteomyelitis. The presence of biofilms has been mostly seen in medical implants and urinary catheters. Various signalling events including two-component signalling, extra cytoplasmic function and quorum sensing are involved in the formation of biofilms. The presence of an extracellular polymeric matrix in biofilms makes it difficult for the antimicrobials to act on them and make the bacteria tolerant to antibiotics and other drugs. The aim of this review was to discuss about the basic formation of a biofilm, various signalling cascades involved in biofilm formation, possible mechanisms of drug resistance in biofilms and recent therapeutic approaches involved in successful eradication of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India.
| | - Subhasis Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India.
| | - Bannhi Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College, Bangalore, 560 052, India.
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, 799022, India.
| | - Prosun Tribedi
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, Assam, 781017, India.
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Zhou G, Shi QS, Huang XM, Xie XB. The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21711-33. [PMID: 26370986 PMCID: PMC4613276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents target a range of extra- and/or intracellular loci from cytoplasmic wall to membrane, intracellular enzymes and genetic materials. Meanwhile, many resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to counter antimicrobial agents have been found and reported in the past decades. Based on their spatially distinct sites of action and distribution of location, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria were categorized into three groups, coined the three lines of bacterial defense in this review. The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps. When antimicrobial agents permeate the first two lines of defense and finally reach the cytoplasm, many bacteria will make use of the third line of defense, including alterations of intracellular materials and gene regulation to protect themselves from harm by bactericides. The presented three lines of defense theory will help us to understand the bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents and design efficient strategies to overcome these resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
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Benthall G, Touzel RE, Hind CK, Titball RW, Sutton JM, Thomas RJ, Wand ME. Evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against infections caused by planktonic or biofilm cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Galleria mellonella. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46:538-45. [PMID: 26364845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lack of novel antibiotics for more than a decade has placed increased pressure on existing therapies to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. This study evaluated the Galleria mellonella insect model in determining the efficacy of available antibiotics against planktonic and biofilm infections of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in comparison with in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. In general, in vitro analysis agreed with the G. mellonella studies, and susceptibility in Galleria identified different drug resistance mechanisms. However, the carbapenems tested appeared to perform better in vivo than in vitro, with meropenem and imipenem able to clear K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa infections with strains that had bla(NDM-1) and bla(VIM) carbapenemases. This study also established an implant model in G. mellonella to allow testing of antibiotic efficacy against biofilm-derived infections. A reduction in antibiotic efficacy of amikacin against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa biofilms was observed compared with a planktonic infection. Ciprofloxacin was found to be less effective at clearing a P. aeruginosa biofilm infection compared with a planktonic infection, but no statistical difference was seen between K. pneumoniae biofilm and planktonic infections treated with this antibiotic (P>0.05). This study provides important information regarding the suitability of Galleria as a model for antibiotic efficacy testing both against planktonic and biofilm-derived MDR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Benthall
- Public Health England, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rebecca E Touzel
- Public Health England, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Public Health England, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Richard W Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Rachael J Thomas
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew E Wand
- Public Health England, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
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