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Li X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Lu Z, Sun Y, Zhong C, Lv Z, Pan H, Chen J, Yao D, Huang X, Yu C. Icariside II alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting lung epithelial inflammatory and immune responses mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps. Life Sci 2024; 346:122648. [PMID: 38631668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening lung disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and lung epithelial injury. Icariside II (ICS II), one of the main active ingredients of Herba Epimedii, exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, the effect and mechanism of ICS II in ALI remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the pharmacological effect and underlying mechanism of ICS II in ALI. MAIN METHODS Models of neutrophil-like cells, human peripheral blood neutrophils, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model were utilized. RT-qPCR and Western blotting determined the gene and protein expression levels. Protein distribution and quantification were analyzed by immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS ICS II significantly reduced lung histopathological damage, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration, and it reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in ALI. There is an excessive activation of neutrophils leading to a significant production of NETs in ALI mice, a process mitigated by the administration of ICS II. In vivo and in vitro studies found that ICS II could decrease NET formation by targeting neutrophil C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Further data showed that ICS II reduces the overproduction of dsDNA, a NETs-related component, thereby suppressing cGAS/STING/NF-κB signalling pathway activation and inflammatory mediators release in lung epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggested that ICS II may alleviate LPS-induced ALI by modulating the inflammatory response, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yangyue Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ziyi Lu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chuyue Zhong
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhanghang Lv
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Haofeng Pan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Chang Yu
- Intervention Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Zawrotniak M, Juszczak M, Mosio-Wójcik J, Rapala-Kozik M. Neutrophil extracellular traps in upper respiratory tract secretions: insights into infectious and allergic rhinitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295921. [PMID: 38077338 PMCID: PMC10702990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures released by neutrophils in response to various infections. NETs have a biocidal role and have been demonstrated to be effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Depending on the situation, NETs can protect the host from pathogen invasion or contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases such as cystic fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of NET as one of the components in upper respiratory tract secretions in infectious and allergic diseases. Methods Nasal mucus was collected from donors diagnosed with infectious rhinitis or allergic rhinitis. The extracellular DNA content was determined using SytoxGreen staining, and the total protein pool was determined using the microBCA method. Micrococcal nuclease was used to digest the samples and ELISA was employed to identify the NET proteins. The enzymatic activity of elastase was determined. Results Our findings showed that nasal mucus collected from patients with infectious rhinosinusitis contained extracellular DNA that could come from a variety of sources, responsible for increasing the density and viscosity of secretions, as well as NETs proteins. The identified enzymatic activity of NET elastase indicates the possible irritation of nasal tissues. However, the DNA content was not identified in the samples from allergic patients. In addition, we have shown in preliminary studies that therapy using N-acetylcysteine can liquefy nasal secretions. Discussion The study suggests that the composition of nasal mucus varies according to the cause of mucosal irritation. The presence of DNA and NET proteins can have severe consequences for the therapeutic process prolonging treatment. The low viscosity of nasal mucus in allergic patients facilitates mucosal flushing and the removal of allergens. Understanding the occurrence and role of NETs in various respiratory diseases is critical for developing effective treatment strategies that consider the complex interaction between the immune system and pathogens. The results of this study suggest that NETs may be present in upper respiratory tract secretions with an infectious background, supporting basic defense mechanisms using eosinophils and EETs. Further research is needed to explore the potential of NETs as a therapeutic target in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Juszczak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Zou S, Jie H, Han X, Wang J. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis and sepsis-related acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110436. [PMID: 37688916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap pathogenic microorganisms. NETs are involved in the inflammatory response and bacterial killing and clearance. However, their excessive activation can lead to an inflammatory storm in the body, which may damage tissues and cause organ dysfunction. Organ dysfunction is the main pathophysiological cause of sepsis and also a cause of the high mortality rate in sepsis. Acute lung injury caused by sepsis accounts for the highest proportion of organ damage in sepsis. NET formation can lead to the development of sepsis because by promoting the release of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby accelerating acute lung injury. In this review, we describe the critical role of NETs in sepsis-associated acute lung injury and review the current knowledge and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinai Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Shafqat A, Omer MH, Albalkhi I, Alabdul Razzak G, Abdulkader H, Abdul Rab S, Sabbah BN, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Neutrophil extracellular traps and long COVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254310. [PMID: 37828990 PMCID: PMC10565006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, commonly known as long COVID, encompasses a range of systemic symptoms experienced by a significant number of COVID-19 survivors. The underlying pathophysiology of long COVID has become a topic of intense research discussion. While chronic inflammation in long COVID has received considerable attention, the role of neutrophils, which are the most abundant of all immune cells and primary responders to inflammation, has been unfortunately overlooked, perhaps due to their short lifespan. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the persistent inflammatory response observed in long COVID patients. We present early evidence linking the persistence of NETs to pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and neurological dysfunction in long COVID. Several uncertainties require investigation in future studies. These include the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 brings about sustained neutrophil activation phenotypes after infection resolution; whether the heterogeneity of neutrophils seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection persists into the chronic phase; whether the presence of autoantibodies in long COVID can induce NETs and protect them from degradation; whether NETs exert differential, organ-specific effects; specifically which NET components contribute to organ-specific pathologies, such as pulmonary fibrosis; and whether senescent cells can drive NET formation through their pro-inflammatory secretome in long COVID. Answering these questions may pave the way for the development of clinically applicable strategies targeting NETs, providing relief for this emerging health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ren Y, Zhu D, Han X, Zhang Q, Chen B, Zhou P, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Zou H. HMGB1: a double-edged sword and therapeutic target in the female reproductive system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238785. [PMID: 37691930 PMCID: PMC10484633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily, is a nonhistone chromatin associated transcription factor. It is present in the nucleus of eukaryotes and can be actively secreted or passively released by kinds of cells. HMGB1 is important for maintaining DNA structure by binding to DNA and histones, protecting it from damage. It also regulates the interaction between histones and DNA, affecting chromatin packaging, and can influence gene expression by promoting nucleosome sliding. And as a DAMP, HMGB1 binding to RAGE and TLRs activates NF-κB, which triggers the expression of downstream genes like IL-18, IL-1β, and TNF-α. HMGB1 is known to be involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated the significance of HMGB1 as DAMPs in the female reproductive system. These findings have shed light on the potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of diseases in female reproductive system and the possibilities of HMGB1-targeted therapies for treating them. Such therapies can help reduce inflammation and metabolic dysfunction and alleviate the symptoms of reproductive system diseases. Overall, the identification of HMGB1 as a key player in disease of the female reproductive system represents a significant breakthrough in our understanding of these conditions and presents exciting opportunities for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Damin Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingxing Han
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Beili Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huijuan Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yan S, Li M, Liu B, Ma Z, Yang Q. Neutrophil extracellular traps and pulmonary fibrosis: an update. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36658568 PMCID: PMC9851107 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious and often fatal illness that occurs in various clinical settings and represents a significant unmet medical need. Increasing evidence indicates that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute significantly to the progression of PF. Therefore, understanding the pathways by which NETs contribute to the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments. This review focuses on the formation of NETs and the common mechanisms of NETs in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Yan
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Meiqi Li
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Zhenzhen Ma
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
| | - Qingrui Yang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China
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Sung PS, Peng YC, Yang SP, Chiu CH, Hsieh SL. CLEC5A is critical in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156613. [PMID: 36048544 PMCID: PMC9676025 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial infections worldwide, and it frequently causes ventilator-associated acute pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Abundant neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to acute lung injury, thereby aggravating ventilator-induced lung damage. While pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) TLR4 and TLR5 are required for host defense against P. aeruginosa invasion, the PRR responsible for P. aeruginosa–induced NET formation, proinflammatory cytokine release, and acute lung injury remains unclear. We found that myeloid C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) interacts with LPS of P. aeruginosa and is responsible for P. aeruginosa–induced NET formation and lung inflammation. P. aeruginosa activates CLEC5A to induce caspase-1–dependent NET formation, but it neither causes gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage nor contributes to P. aeruginosa–induced neutrophil death. Blockade of CLEC5A attenuates P. aeruginosa–induced NETosis and lung injury, and simultaneous administration of anti-CLEC5A mAb with ciprofloxacin increases survival rate and decreases collagen deposition in the lungs of mice challenged with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. Thus, CLEC5A is a promising therapeutic target to reduce ventilator-associated lung injury and fibrosis in P. aeruginosa–induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Peng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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8
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Wu X, Guo Y, Zeng H, Chen G. DNase-1 Treatment Exerts Protective Effects in Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema via Regulating the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154349. [PMID: 35955969 PMCID: PMC9369252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) involve inflammation, coagulation and cell death. Acute lung injury is also considered to be connected with NETs. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase-1), a clinical medication for the respiratory system, has been reported to degrade cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which is the main component of NETs. Herein, we did research to clarify the therapeutic value of DNase-1 in NPE after SAH. In this model, we found that the treatment of DNase-1 remarkably decreased lung water, neutrophilic infiltration and inflammation. In addition, DNase-1 inhibited the NETs and proinflammatory subtype transition of the macrophages. Moreover, the depletion of neutrophil also verified the role of NETs in NPE. Our results suggest that DNase-1 has the potential to effectively relieve the NPE after SAH and to be a clinical drug for use after SAH.
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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10
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Shen W, Oladejo AO, Ma X, Jiang W, Zheng J, Imam BH, Wang S, Wu X, Ding X, Ma B, Yan Z. Inhibition of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation by Cl-Amidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis and Uterine Tissue Damage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1151. [PMID: 35565576 PMCID: PMC9100562 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a common disease that affects the production in dairy cows and leads to severe losses in the dairy industry. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation promotes pathogenic invasions of the lumen of the tissue, leading to inflammatory diseases such as mastitis, pancreatitis, and septic infection. However, research that could show the relationship between NETs and endometritis is scarce. Cl-amidine has been shown to ameliorate the disease squealing and clinical manifestation in various disease models. In this study, we investigated the role of NETs in LPS-triggered endometritis in rats and evaluated the therapeutic efficiency of Cl-amidine. An LPS-induced endometritis model in rats was established and found that the formation of NETs can be detected in the rat's uterine tissues in vivo. In addition, Cl-amidine treatment can inhibit NETs construction in LPS-induced endometritis in rats. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay indicated that Cl-amidine treatment remarkably alleviated the inflammatory cell infiltrations and attenuated the damage to the uterine tissue. The Western blot results indicated that Cl-amidine decreased the expression of citrullinated Histone H3 (Cit-H3) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) protein in LPS-induced rat endometritis. The ELISA test indicated that Cl-amidine treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The NETs were determined by Quant-iTTMPicoGreen dsDNA kit®, which indicated that Cl-amidine significantly inhibited the NETs in rat serum. All results showed that Cl-amidine effectively reduced the expression of Cit-H3 and HMGB1 proteins by inhibiting the formation of NETs, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response to LPS-induced endometritis in rats. Hence, Cl-amidine could be a potential candidate for the treatment of endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Shen
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ayodele Olaolu Oladejo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- Department of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora 201103, Nigeria
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Juanshan Zheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Bereket Habte Imam
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Keren P.O. Box 397, Eritrea
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
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11
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The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060744. [PMID: 35327141 PMCID: PMC8944511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental aeroallergens. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Although several studies aimed at evaluating the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, the results reported are inconsistent. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease bears great similarity to what is described for human asthma. Currently available studies identified two chromosome regions (ECA13 and ECA15) and several genes associated with the disease. The inflammatory response appears to be mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17) and neutrophilic inflammation significantly contributes to the persistence of airway inflammatory status. This review evaluates the reported findings pertaining to the genetical and immunological background of severe equine asthma and reflects on their implications in the pathophysiology of the disease whilst discussing further areas of research interest aiming at advancing treatment and prognosis of affected individuals.
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12
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Do Not Induce Injury and Inflammation in Well-Differentiated RSV-Infected Airway Epithelium. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050785. [PMID: 35269407 PMCID: PMC8909397 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) causes a major burden of disease. The host response in RSV-LRTI is characterized by airway epithelial injury, inflammation and neutrophil influx, with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, the precise role of NETs in the pathophysiology of RSV-LRTI remains to be elucidated. Here, we used well-differentiated human airway epithelial cultures (HAE) of a pediatric and adult donor to study whether NETs cause airway epithelial injury and inflammation in the setting of RSV infection. The exposure of uninfected and RSV-infected HAE cultures to NETs, as produced by stimulation of neutrophils by a low dose of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), did not induce or aggravate cell injury or inflammation. RSV infection of HAE cultures caused release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and RANTES in both adult and pediatric cultures, but the differential gene expression for regulated cell death differed between culture donors. In this in vitro airway epithelial model, NETs in the setting of RSV infection did not cause or aggravate epithelial injury or inflammation.
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13
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Cheng Y, Yu W, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Chi H, Xu C. Novel predictor of the occurrence of DKA in T1DM patients without infection: A combination of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and white blood cells. Open Life Sci 2022; 16:1365-1376. [PMID: 35071771 PMCID: PMC8760182 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation has been identified in the pathogenesis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and white blood cells (WBC) can be used to predict a systemic inflammatory response. Changes in NLR and WBC levels have never been explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with DKA and an uninfected state. This retrospective study included a total of 644 participants. NLR and WBC were measured in the control group (n = 316) and in T1DM patients with mild-DKA (n = 92), severe-DKA (n = 52), and non-DKA (n = 184) in an uninfected state. Then, we assessed the independent predictors of DKA occurrence in T1DM patients in an uninfected state. The diagnostic performance of variables was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Serum NLR of T1DM patients is significantly higher than that of normal controls, and if DKA occurs, NLR increases further and increases with the severity of DKA. In addition to diastolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and WBC, NLR was also independently associated with DKA in T1DM patients with an uninfected state (OR = 1.386, 95% CI: 1.127-1.705, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the diagnosis analysis showed that except for NLR and WBC, the area under the curve (AUC) of indicators with a statistical difference in patients with and without DKA were 0.747 for DKA diagnosis, and after the addition of NLR and WBC, the AUC was 0.806. The increased NLR level represents a low-cost and highly accessible predictor for DKA in T1DM patients with an uninfected state. The addition of inflammation indicators can play a statistically significant role in the prediction model of the DKA occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 70, Heping Road, Weihai, 264299, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Haiyan Chi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Weihai Municipal Hospital, 70, Heping Road, Weihai, 264299, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324, Jing 5 Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
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14
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Esquivel-Ruiz S, González-Rodríguez P, Lorente JA, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Herrero R, Moreno L. Extracellular Vesicles and Alveolar Epithelial-Capillary Barrier Disruption in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752287. [PMID: 34887773 PMCID: PMC8650589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring genetic material, proteins and organelles between different cells types in both health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that these vesicles, more than simply diagnostic markers, are key mediators of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of EVs released by pulmonary structural cells (alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells) and immune cells in these diseases, with particular attention to their ability to modulate inflammation and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, a hallmark of ARDS. EVs also offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of ARDS. Evidences supporting the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to attenuate the lung injury and ongoing strategies to improve their therapeutic potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Rodríguez
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Section, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Okamoto Y, Devoe S, Seto N, Minarchick V, Wilson T, Rothfuss HM, Mohning MP, Arbet J, Kroehl M, Visser A, August J, Thomas SM, Lenis Charry L, Fleischer C, Feser ML, Frazer-Abel AA, Norris JM, Cherrington BD, Janssen WJ, Kaplan MJ, Deane KD, Holers VM, Demoruelle MK. Sputum Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Subsets Associate with IgA Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Subjects At-Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:38-48. [PMID: 34369110 PMCID: PMC8712364 DOI: 10.1002/art.41948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mechanisms leading to anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) generation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are hypothesized to originate in the lung. We undertook this study to understand associations between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the lung and local ACPA generation in subjects at risk of developing RA. Methods Induced sputum was collected from 49 subjects at risk of developing RA, 12 patients with RA, and 18 controls. Sputum neutrophils were tested for ex vivo NET formation, and sputum‐induced NET formation of control neutrophils was measured using immunofluorescence imaging. Sputum macrophages were tested for ex vivo endocytosis of apoptotic and opsonized cells. Levels of ACPA, NET remnants, and inflammatory proteins were quantified in sputum supernatant. Results Spontaneous citrullinated histone H3 (Cit‐H3)–expressing NET formation was higher in sputum neutrophils from at‐risk subjects and RA patients compared to controls (median 12%, 22%, and 0%, respectively; P < 0.01). In at‐risk subjects, sputum IgA ACPA correlated with the percentage of neutrophils that underwent Cit‐H3+ NET formation (r = 0.49, P = 0.002) and levels of Cit‐H3+ NET remnants (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). Reduced endocytic capacity of sputum macrophages was found in at‐risk subjects and RA patients compared to controls. Using a mediation model, we found that sputum inflammatory proteins were associated with sputum IgA ACPA through a pathway mediated by Cit‐H3+ NET remnants. Sputum‐induced Cit‐H3+ NET formation also correlated with sputum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor in at‐risk subjects, suggesting a causal relationship. Conclusion These data support a potential mechanism for mucosal ACPA generation in subjects at risk of developing RA, whereby inflammation leads to increased citrullinated protein–expressing NETs that promote local ACPA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Okamoto
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA.,Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephanie Devoe
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Immunology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nickie Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Valerie Minarchick
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy Wilson
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Heather M Rothfuss
- University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology and Physiology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Michael P Mohning
- National Jewish Health, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jaron Arbet
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miranda Kroehl
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashley Visser
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Justin August
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- National Jewish Health, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laura Lenis Charry
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chelsie Fleischer
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie L Feser
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Jill M Norris
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian D Cherrington
- University of Wyoming, Department of Zoology and Physiology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- National Jewish Health, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Kevin D Deane
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Abstract
Abstract
The innate immune system is mandatory for the activation of antiviral host defense and eradication of the infection. In this regard, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils representing the cellular component, and cytokines, interferons, complement or Toll-Like Receptors, representing the mediators of unspecific response act together for both activation of the adaptive immune response and viral clearance. Of great importance is the proper functioning of the innate immune response from the very beginning. For instance, in the early stages of viral infection, the defective interferon response leads to uncontrolled viral replication and pathogen evasion, while hypersecretion during the later stages of infection generates hyperinflammation. This cascade activation of systemic inflammation culminates with cytokine storm syndrome and hypercoagulability state, due to a close interconnection between them. Thus an unbalanced reaction, either under- or over- stimulation of the innate immune system will lead to an uncoordinated response and unfavorable disease outcomes. Since both cellular and humoral factors are involved in the time-course of the innate immune response, in this review we aimed to address their gradual involvement in the antiviral response with emphasis on key steps in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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17
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A Review of the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) from Cow, Sheep and Goat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158046. [PMID: 34360812 PMCID: PMC8347029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the importance of understanding NETosis in cows, sheep, and goats in light of the importance to their health, welfare and use as animal models. Neutrophils are essential to innate immunity, pathogen infection, and inflammatory diseases. The relevance of NETosis as a conserved innate immune response mechanism and the translational implications for public health are presented. Increased understanding of NETosis in ruminants will contribute to the prediction of pathologies and design of strategic interventions targeting NETs. This will help to control pathogens such as coronaviruses and inflammatory diseases such as mastitis that impact all mammals, including humans. Definition of unique attributes of NETosis in ruminants, in comparison to what has been observed in humans, has significant translational implications for one health and global food security, and thus warrants further study.
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18
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In Vitro Identification and Isolation of Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2255:97-117. [PMID: 34033098 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1162-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils release web like-structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that ensnare and kill microorganisms. These networks are constituted of a DNA scaffold with associated antimicrobial proteins, which are released to the extracellular space as an effective mechanism to fight against invading microorganisms. In parallel with this beneficial role to avoid microbial dissemination and wall off infections, accumulating evidence supports that under certain circumstances, NETs can exert deleterious effects in inflammatory, autoimmune, and thrombotic pathologies. Research on NET properties and their role in pathophysiological processes is a rapidly evolving and expanding field. Here, we describe a combination of methods to achieve a successful in vitro NET visualization, semiquantification, and isolation.
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19
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Fisher J, Mohanty T, Karlsson CAQ, Khademi SMH, Malmström E, Frigyesi A, Nordenfelt P, Malmstrom J, Linder A. Proteome Profiling of Recombinant DNase Therapy in Reducing NETs and Aiding Recovery in COVID-19 Patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100113. [PMID: 34139362 PMCID: PMC8205261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Accumulation of mucus in the airways is a hallmark of the disease and can result in hypoxemia. Here, we show that quantitative proteome analysis of the sputum from severe patients with COVID-19 reveal high levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) components, which was confirmed by microscopy. Extracellular DNA from excessive NET formation can increase sputum viscosity and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recombinant human DNase (Pulmozyme; Roche) has been shown to be beneficial in reducing sputum viscosity and improve lung function. We treated five patients pwith COVID-19 resenting acute symptoms with clinically approved aerosolized Pulmozyme. No adverse reactions to the drug were seen, and improved oxygen saturation and recovery in all severely ill patients with COVID-19 was observed after therapy. Immunofluorescence and proteome analysis of sputum and blood plasma samples after treatment revealed a marked reduction of NETs and a set of statistically significant proteome changes that indicate reduction of hemorrhage, plasma leakage and inflammation in the airways, and reduced systemic inflammatory state in the blood plasma of patients. Taken together, the results indicate that NETs contribute to acute respiratory failure in COVID-19 and that degrading NETs may reduce dependency on external high-flow oxygen therapy in patients. Targeting NETs using recombinant human DNase may have significant therapeutic implications in COVID-19 disease and warrants further studies. High levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the sputum of severe COVID-19 patients. Recombinant human DNase decreased NETs in sputum. Reduced NETs were associated with recovery and improved oxygenation. Mass spectrometry analyses of plasma and sputum indicate resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Fisher
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tirthankar Mohanty
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christofer A Q Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S M Hossein Khademi
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Frigyesi
- Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Nordenfelt
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmstrom
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Adam Linder
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Pandolfi L, Bozzini S, Frangipane V, Percivalle E, De Luigi A, Violatto MB, Lopez G, Gabanti E, Carsana L, D'Amato M, Morosini M, De Amici M, Nebuloni M, Fossali T, Colombo R, Saracino L, Codullo V, Gnecchi M, Bigini P, Baldanti F, Lilleri D, Meloni F. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Implications in Post-COVID-19 Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663303. [PMID: 34194429 PMCID: PMC8236949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a process termed NETosis, avoids pathogen spread but may cause tissue injury. NETs have been found in severe COVID-19 patients, but their role in disease development is still unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the capacity of NETs to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung epithelial cells and to analyze the involvement of NETs in COVID-19. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of severe COVID-19 patients showed high concentration of NETs that correlates with neutrophils count; moreover, the analysis of lung tissues of COVID-19 deceased patients showed a subset of alveolar reactive pneumocytes with a co-expression of epithelial marker and a mesenchymal marker, confirming the induction of EMT mechanism after severe SARS-CoV2 infection. By airway in vitro models, cultivating A549 or 16HBE at air-liquid interface, adding alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils and SARS-CoV2, we demonstrated that to trigger a complete EMT expression pattern are necessary the induction of NETosis by SARS-CoV2 and the secretion of AM factors (TGF-β, IL8 and IL1β). All our results highlight the possible mechanism that can induce lung fibrosis after SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pandolfi
- Research Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Bozzini
- Research Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Frangipane
- Research Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Bruna Violatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Gabanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Carsana
- Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maura D'Amato
- Research Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Morosini
- Research Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara De Amici
- Laboratory of Immuno Allergology Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics Clinic, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Nebuloni
- Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fossali
- Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Saracino
- Unit of Pneumology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Veronica Codullo
- Unit of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Lilleri
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Meloni
- Research Laboratory of Lung Diseases, Section of Cell Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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21
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Hawez A, Taha D, Algaber A, Madhi R, Rahman M, Thorlacius H. MiR-155 regulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation and lung injury in abdominal sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:391-400. [PMID: 34114683 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1220-789rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-mediated tissue damage is a hallmark in abdominal sepsis. Under certain conditions, microRNAs (miRs) can regulate protein expression and cellular functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-155 in sepsis-induced NET formation, lung inflammation, and tissue damage. Abdominal sepsis was induced in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and miR-155 gene-deficient mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The amount of DNA-histone complex formation as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone 3 in neutrophils isolated from bone marrow were examined by ELISA and flow cytometry. NETs were detected by electron microscopy in the septic lung. Levels of PAD4 and citrullinated histone 3 were determined by Western blot in the blood neutrophils. Lung levels of MPO, CXC chemokines, and plasma levels of DNA-histone complexes and CXC chemokines were quantified. In vitro studies revealed that neutrophils from miR-155 gene-deficient mice had less NETs forming ability than WT neutrophils. In the miR-155 gene-deficient mice, CLP yielded much less NETs in the lung tissue compared with WT control. CLP-induced PAD4 levels, histone 3 citrullination, edema, MPO activity, and neutrophil recruitment in the lung were markedly reduced in the mice lacking miR-155. Furthermore, tissue and plasma levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2 were significantly lower in the miR-155 gene-deficient mice compared with WT after induction of abdominal sepsis. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-155 regulates pulmonary formation of NETs in abdominal sepsis via PAD4 up-regulation and histone 3 citrullination. Thus, targeting miR-155 could be a useful target to reduce pulmonary damage in abdominal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Hawez
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dler Taha
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anwar Algaber
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Raed Madhi
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henrik Thorlacius
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Galletti JG, de Paiva CS. The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:139-162. [PMID: 33621658 PMCID: PMC8113112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the last century, advances in healthcare, housing, and education have led to an increase in life expectancy. Longevity is accompanied by a higher prevalence of age-related diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and infection, and part of this increase in disease incidence relates to the significant changes that aging brings about in the immune system. The eye is not spared by aging either, presenting with age-related disorders of its own, and interestingly, many of these diseases have immune pathophysiology. Being delicate organs that must be exposed to the environment in order to capture light, the eyes are endowed with a mucosal environment that protects them, the so-called ocular surface. As in other mucosal sites, immune responses at the ocular surface need to be swift and potent to eliminate threats but are at the same time tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and bystander damage. This review will detail how aging affects the mucosal immune response of the ocular surface as a whole and how this process relates to the higher incidence of ocular surface disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias G Galletti
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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23
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High-mobility group box protein-1 induces acute pancreatitis through activation of neutrophil extracellular trap and subsequent production of IL-1β. Life Sci 2021; 286:119231. [PMID: 33600865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate acute pancreatitis (AP)-associated NET activation mediated by a novel inflammatory mediator (high-mobility group box protein-1 [HMGB1]) and proinflammatory cytokine responses. METHODS In this study, primary neutrophils, monocytes, and monocytic cell line Thp-1-derived macrophages were isolated and treated with HMGB1, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and ATP + ATP inhibitor. The effects of HMGB1, ATP, and deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) were then examined for their in vivo effects using a newly established AP mouse model. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of inflammasome and interleukin IL-1β in cells, blood, and pancreatic tissues were examined. Within-cell nuclear DNA signal, cell-free DNA concentration, and pancreatic tissue damage were investigated. Our study showed that HMGB1 triggers NET formation in neutrophils and promotes the activation of inflammasome complexes (the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3, and NLRP3; ASC; and caspase-1); therefore, the production of IL-1β is induced in human monocytes/macrophages. HMGB1 and NET cooperatively stimulate IL-1β processing in macrophages. Furthermore, the AP mouse model confirmed these HMGB1-mediated molecular mechanisms in vivo and indicated that HMGB1 is required for NET activation. CONCLUSIONS We found that NET inhibition reverses HMGB1-stimulated inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. HMGB1 thus leads to pancreatic injury through the activation of NET and subsequently induces IL-1β processing from neutrophils to pancreatic tissues. These findings demonstrate that HMGB1 and NET are new therapeutic targets for inflammation suppression in severe AP.
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24
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Linssen RS, Chai G, Ma J, Kummarapurugu AB, van Woensel JBM, Bem RA, Kaler L, Duncan GA, Zhou L, Rubin BK, Xu Q. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Increase Airway Mucus Viscoelasticity and Slow Mucus Particle Transit. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:69-78. [PMID: 33095650 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0168oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus obstruction is a key feature of many inflammatory airway diseases. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released upon neutrophil stimulation and consist of extracellular chromatin networks studded with cytotoxic proteins. When released in the airways, these NETs can become part of the airway mucus. We hypothesized that the extracellular DNA and/or oxidative stress (e.g., by the release of reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase during NETs formation in the airways) would increase mucus viscoelasticity. We collected human airway mucus from endotracheal tubes of healthy patients admitted for elective surgery and coincubated these samples with NETs from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophils. Unstimulated neutrophils served as controls, and blocking experiments were performed with dornase alfa for extracellular DNA and the free radical scavenger dimethylthiourea for oxidation. Compared with controls, the coincubation of mucus with NETs resulted in 1) significantly increased mucus viscoelasticity (macrorheology) and 2) significantly decreased mesh pore size of the mucus and decreased movement of muco-inert nanoparticles through the mucus (microrheology), but 3) NETs did not cause visible changes in the microstructure of the mucus by scanning EM. Incubation with either dornase alfa or dimethylthiourea attenuated the observed changes in macrorheology and microrheology. This suggests that the release of NETs may contribute to airway mucus obstruction by increasing mucus viscoelasticity and that this effect is not solely due to the release of DNA but may in part be due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S Linssen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, and.,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Department, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond
| | | | - Jonathan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond
| | | | - Job B M van Woensel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, and.,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Department, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout A Bem
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, and.,Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Department, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gregg A Duncan
- Biophysics Program and.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | | | - Bruce K Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond.,Department of Physiology, and
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics.,Department of Physiology, and.,Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
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25
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Cellular and functional heterogeneity of the airway epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:978-990. [PMID: 33608655 PMCID: PMC7893625 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium protects us from environmental insults, which we encounter with every breath. Not only does it passively filter large particles, it also senses potential danger and alerts other cells, including immune and nervous cells. Together, these tissues orchestrate the most appropriate response, balancing the need to eliminate the danger with the risk of damage to the host. Each cell subset within the airway epithelium plays its part, and when impaired, may contribute to the development of respiratory disease. Here we highlight recent advances regarding the cellular and functional heterogeneity along the airway epithelium and discuss how we can use this knowledge to design more effective, targeted therapeutics.
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26
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Jarrahi A, Ahluwalia M, Khodadadi H, da Silva Lopes Salles E, Kolhe R, Hess DC, Vale F, Kumar M, Baban B, Vaibhav K, Dhandapani KM. Neurological consequences of COVID-19: what have we learned and where do we go from here? J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:286. [PMID: 32998763 PMCID: PMC7525232 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a highly infectious pathogen that is genetically similar to SARS-CoV. Similar to other recent coronavirus outbreaks, including SARS and MERS, SARS-CoV-2 infected patients typically present with fever, dry cough, fatigue, and lower respiratory system dysfunction, including high rates of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, a rapidly accumulating set of clinical studies revealed atypical symptoms of COVID-19 that involve neurological signs, including headaches, anosmia, nausea, dysgeusia, damage to respiratory centers, and cerebral infarction. These unexpected findings may provide important clues regarding the pathological sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, no efficacious therapies or vaccines are currently available, complicating the clinical management of COVID-19 patients and emphasizing the public health need for controlled, hypothesis-driven experimental studies to provide a framework for therapeutic development. In this mini-review, we summarize the current body of literature regarding the central nervous system (CNS) effects of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss several potential targets for therapeutic development to reduce neurological consequences in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Jarrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, 30912, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Evila da Silva Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fernando Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, 30912, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Allied Health Science, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, 30912, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, 30912, Augusta, Georgia.
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27
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The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH is linked to enhanced intracellular survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae in influenza-infected pulmonary cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008761. [PMID: 32790758 PMCID: PMC7447016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus-bacterial synergism implicated in secondary bacterial infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae following infection with epidemic or pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) is well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such synergism remain largely ill-defined. In pneumocytes infected with influenza A virus, subsequent infection with S. pneumoniae leads to enhanced pneumococcal intracellular survival. The pneumococcal two-component system SirRH appears essential for such enhanced survival. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis between the ΔsirR and wt strains, a list of 179 differentially expressed genes was defined. Among those, the clpL protein chaperone gene and the psaB Mn+2 transporter gene, which are involved in the stress response, are important in enhancing S. pneumoniae survival in influenza-infected cells. The ΔsirR, ΔclpL and ΔpsaB deletion mutants display increased susceptibility to acidic and oxidative stress and no enhancement of intracellular survival in IAV-infected pneumocyte cells. These results suggest that the SirRH two-component system senses IAV-induced stress conditions and controls adaptive responses that allow survival of S. pneumoniae in IAV-infected pneumocytes.
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28
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Wan R, Jiang J, Hu C, Chen X, Chen C, Zhao B, Hu X, Zheng Z, Li Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps amplify neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in neutrophilic asthma by stimulating the airway epithelial cells to activate the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway and secrete chemokines. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16820-16836. [PMID: 32756014 PMCID: PMC7521522 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a distinct airway inflammation disease with prominent neutrophil infiltration. The role played by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in NA, however, is quite unclear. This study was based on the hypothesis that NETs are responsible for the second neutrophil wave and therefore contribute significantly to inflammation. The proinflammatory effects of NETs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Formation of NETs and neutrophil swarming was seen in a mouse model of NA. Additionally, NETs were found to stimulate airway cells to express CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which recruits neutrophils to the inflammation site. Furthermore, prevention of NET formation decreased the recruitment of lung neutrophils and hence reduce neutrophilic inflammation. Additionally, the structural integrity of NETs had no effect on the recruitment of lung neutrophils and neutrophilic inflammation. In NA mice, NETs could trigger airway and alveolar epithelial cells to express chemokines which recruit more neutrophils via activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingrong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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29
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Cicco S, Cicco G, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): Two Potential Targets for COVID-19 Treatment. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7527953. [PMID: 32724296 PMCID: PMC7366221 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7527953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that mostly affects the respiratory system. The consequent inflammation is not able to clear viruses. The persistent excessive inflammatory response can build up a clinical picture that is very difficult to manage and potentially fatal. Modulating the immune response plays a key role in fighting the disease. One of the main defence systems is the activation of neutrophils that release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under the stimulus of autophagy. Various molecules can induce NETosis and autophagy; some potent activators are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and, in particular, the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This molecule is released by damaged lung cells and can induce a robust innate immunity response. The increase in HMGB1 and NETosis could lead to sustained inflammation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, blocking these molecules might be useful in COVID-19 treatment and should be further studied in the context of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy
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30
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Chen X, Li Y, Qin L, He R, Hu C. Neutrophil Extracellular Trapping Network Promotes the Pathogenesis of Neutrophil-associated Asthma through Macrophages. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:544-561. [PMID: 32552227 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1778720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex airway inflammatory disease that can be roughly classified into eosinophilic phenotype and non-eosinophilic phenotype. Most of the latter manifested as airway inflammation dominated by neutrophil infiltration, namely neutrophil-dominated asthma (NA). Neutrophil extracellular trapping (NETs) is a newly discovered antimicrobial mechanism of neutrophils; however, NETs can not only resist killing pathogenic microorganisms, but also promote tissue damage and autoimmune response. In the present study, we successfully established NA model in C57BL/6 mice and observed the increased formation of NETs. In NA mice, the free DNA abundance, the airway resistance, the cell numbers (total cell number, macrophage number, and neutrophil number), and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased while the lung dynamic compliance was significantly reduced. After DNase I treatment, the above indexes in NA mice were all improved. In NA mice, either treatment with macrophage scavenger or IL-1β neutralizing antibody also improved the above-described indexes. In vitro, in human peripheral blood-derived neutrophils, PMA treatment significantly increased the formation of NETs. Furthermore, in macrophages differentiated from THP-1 monocytes, LPS or isolated NETs both significantly increased the levels of cytokines. In conclusion, NETs can stimulate macrophages to secrete IL-1β, which promotes neutrophils infiltration in the airway; infiltrated neutrophils, in turn, generates NETs, which can amplify the tissue damage caused by NETs and macrophages, inducing and aggravating NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoxi He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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31
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Parackova Z, Zentsova I, Vrabcova P, Klocperk A, Sumnik Z, Pruhova S, Petruzelkova L, Hasler R, Sediva A. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Induced Dendritic Cell Activation Leads to Th1 Polarization in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32346380 PMCID: PMC7172866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) infiltrate the pancreas prior to type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset; however, the precise nature of their contribution to disease remains poorly defined. To examine how NETs affect immune functions in T1D, we investigated NET composition and their effect on dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes in T1D children. We showed that T1D patient NET composition differs substantially from that of healthy donors and that the presence of T1D-NETs in a mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture caused a strong shift toward IFNγ-producing T lymphocytes, mediated through activation of innate immunity cells in T1D samples. Importantly, in a monocyte-derived DC (moDC) culture, NETs induced cytokine production, phenotypic change and IFNγ-producing T cells only in samples from T1D patients but not in those from healthy donors. RNA-seq analysis revealed that T1D-NETs presence causes TGFβ downregulation and IFNα upregulation and creates pro-T1D signature in healthy moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Zentsova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Vrabcova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Petruzelkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robert Hasler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital in Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
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32
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Kipen HM, Laskin DL. NETs: a new biomarker of traffic-related air pollution exposure: are they ready to catch fish? Eur Respir J 2020; 55:55/4/2000305. [PMID: 32245775 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00305-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard M Kipen
- Dept of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University, School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA .,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Hudock KM, Collins MS, Imbrogno M, Snowball J, Kramer EL, Brewington JJ, Gollomp K, McCarthy C, Ostmann AJ, Kopras EJ, Davidson CR, Srdiharan A, Arumugam P, Sengupta S, Xu Y, Worthen GS, Trapnell BC, Clancy JP. Neutrophil extracellular traps activate IL-8 and IL-1 expression in human bronchial epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L137-L147. [PMID: 32159969 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00144.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide host defense but can contribute to the pathobiology of diverse human diseases. We sought to determine the extent and mechanism by which NETs contribute to human airway cell inflammation. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) grown at air-liquid interface and wild-type (wt)CFBE41o- cells (expressing wtCFTR) were exposed to cell-free NETs from unrelated healthy volunteers for 18 h in vitro. Cytokines were measured in the apical supernatant by Luminex, and the effect on the HBE transcriptome was assessed by RNA sequencing. NETs consistently stimulated IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1α secretion by HBEs from multiple donors, with variable effects on other cytokines (IL-6, G-CSF, and GM-CSF). Expression of HBE RNAs encoding IL-1 family cytokines, particularly IL-36 subfamily members, was increased in response to NETs. NET exposure in the presence of anakinra [recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1RA)] dampened NET-induced changes in IL-8 and TNF-α proteins as well as IL-36α RNA. rhIL-36RA limited the increase in expression of proinflammatory cytokine RNAs in HBEs exposed to NETs. NETs selectively upregulate an IL-1 family cytokine response in HBEs, which enhances IL-8 production and is limited by rhIL-1RA. The present findings describe a unique mechanism by which NETs may contribute to inflammation in human lung disease in vivo. NET-driven IL-1 signaling may represent a novel target for modulating inflammation in diseases characterized by a substantial NET burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hudock
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Margaret S Collins
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle Imbrogno
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Snowball
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth L Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John J Brewington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kandace Gollomp
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alicia J Ostmann
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth J Kopras
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Cynthia R Davidson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anusha Srdiharan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Paritha Arumugam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shaon Sengupta
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce C Trapnell
- Division of Adult Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Paul Clancy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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34
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Duvvuri B, Pachman LM, Morgan G, Khojah AM, Klein-Gitelman M, Curran ML, Doty S, Lood C. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Tissue and Periphery in Juvenile Dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:348-358. [PMID: 31403247 DOI: 10.1002/art.41078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophils are key immune cells participating in host defense through several mechanisms, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This study was undertaken to investigate the role of neutrophils in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). METHODS Electron microscopy was used to identify neutrophils in tissue. NETs were also imaged using fluorescence microscopy and quantified using a myeloperoxidase-DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma obtained from healthy children (n = 20), disease controls (n = 29), JDM patients (n = 66), and JDM patients with history of calcifications (n = 20). Clinical data included disease activity scores and complement C4 levels. Levels of immune complexes (ICs) and calprotectin were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS Using electron microscopy, neutrophils were found to infiltrate affected muscle tissue, engulfing deposited calcium crystals. Uptake of the crystals led to neutrophil activation (P < 0.01) and subsequent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and NADPH oxidase-dependent but peptidylarginine deiminase 4-independent formation of NETs, which contained mitochondrial DNA (P < 0.05), as confirmed in vivo (P < 0.001) and in vitro (P < 0.01). Peripheral NET levels were associated with calcinosis (P = 0.01), ICs (P = 0.008), and interleukin-8 levels (P = 0.004). Children with JDM had impaired NET clearance (P = 0.01), associated with autoantibody profiles including melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (P = 0.005), and depressed complement C4 levels (r = -0.72, P = 0.002). Furthermore, children with JDM showed evidence of neutrophil activation, with elevated levels of peroxidase activity (P = 0.02) and calprotectin (P < 0.01), which were associated with disease activity (P = 0.007), and dyslipidemia (odds ratio 4.7, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We found novel mechanisms of both calcium crystal-mediated neutrophil activation and cell death in JDM pathophysiology. Targeting this pathway may reduce the frequency and extent of calcinosis, as well as prevent long-term development of comorbidities, including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Pachman
- Cure JM Center of Excellence, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabrielle Morgan
- Cure JM Center of Excellence, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amer M Khojah
- Cure JM Center of Excellence, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marisa Klein-Gitelman
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Stephen Doty
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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35
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Zhang S, Jia X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Yang J, Hu C, Shi J, Jiang X, Lu J, Shen H. Neutrophil extracellular traps activate lung fibroblast to induce polymyositis-related interstitial lung diseases via TLR9-miR-7-Smad2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1658-1669. [PMID: 31821687 PMCID: PMC6991674 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation may contribute to polymyositis (PM)‐associated interstitial lung diseases (ILD), but the underlying mechanism is not fully revealed. In this study, we found that NET accelerated the progression of ILD and promoted pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in vivo. miR‐7 expression was down‐regulated in lung tissue of PM group than control group, and NETs further decreased miR‐7 expression. TLR9 and Smad2 were up‐regulated in lung tissue of PM group than control group, and NETs further increased TLR9 and Smad2 expressions. In vitro experiments showed that PMA‐treated NETs accelerated the proliferation of LF and their differentiation into myofibroblast (MF), whereas DNase I decreased the promotion effect of NETs. Neutrophil extracellular trap components myeloperoxidase (MPO) and histone 3 also promoted the proliferation and differentiation of LF. In addition, we demonstrated that TLR9 involved in the regulation of NETs on LF proliferation and differentiation, and confirmed the interaction between miR‐7 and Smad2 in LF. Finally, miR‐7‐Smad2 pathway was confirmed to be involved in the regulation of TLR9 on LF proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, NETs promote PM‐related ILD, and TLR9‐miR‐7‐Smad2 signalling pathway is involved in the proliferation of LFs and their differentiation into MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Jia
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junnian Shi
- Department of Pneumology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyue Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haili Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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36
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Calo G, Sabbione F, Pascuali N, Keitelman I, Vota D, Paparini D, Ramhorst R, Parborell F, Trevani A, Leirós CP. Interplay between neutrophils and trophoblast cells conditions trophoblast function and triggers vascular transformation signals. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3592-3603. [PMID: 31559642 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Normal placentation entails highly regulated interactions of maternal leukocytes with vascular and trophoblast cells to favor vascular transformation. Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation associate with poor placentation and severe pregnancy complications. To deepen into the mechanisms of trophoblast-neutrophil interaction, we explored the effects of NETs on trophoblast cell function and, conversely, whether trophoblast cell-derived factors condition neutrophils to favor angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory signals required for fetal growth. NETs isolated from activated neutrophils hindered trophoblast cell migration. Trophoblast conditioned media prevented the effect as well as the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) known to regulate trophoblast and neutrophil function. On the other hand, factors released by trophoblast cells and VIP shaped neutrophils to a proangiogenic profile with increased vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis and increased capacity to promote vascular transformation. Results presented here provide novel clues to reconstruct the interaction of trophoblast cells and neutrophils in vivo during placentation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Calo
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pascuali
- Laboratory of Ovarian Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Keitelman
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Vota
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Paparini
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Laboratory of Ovarian Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Trevani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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37
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Hwang JW, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Choi IH, Han HM, Lee KJ, Kim TH, Lee SH. Neutrophil extracellular traps in nasal secretions of patients with stable and exacerbated chronic rhinosinusitis and their contribution to induce chemokine secretion and strengthen the epithelial barrier. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1306-1320. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Hwang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
| | - In Hak Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye Min Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
| | - Ki Jung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
| | - Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea
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38
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Shao S, Fang H, Dang E, Xue K, Zhang J, Li B, Qiao H, Cao T, Zhuang Y, Shen S, Zhang T, Qiao P, Li C, Gudjonsson JE, Wang G. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Inflammatory Responses in Psoriasis via Activating Epidermal TLR4/IL-36R Crosstalk. Front Immunol 2019; 10:746. [PMID: 31024570 PMCID: PMC6460719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal infiltration of neutrophils is a hallmark of psoriasis, where their activation leads to release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The contribution of NETs to psoriasis pathogenesis has been unclear, but here we demonstrate that NETs drive inflammatory responses in skin through activation of epidermal TLR4/IL-36R crosstalk. This activation is dependent upon NETs formation and integrity, as targeting NETs with DNase I or CI-amidine in vivo improves disease in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, decreasing IL-17A, lipocalin2 (LCN2), and IL-36G expression. Proinflammatory activity of NETs, and LCN2 induction, is dependent upon activation of TLR4/IL-36R crosstalk and MyD88/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) down-stream signaling, but independent of TLR7 or TLR9. Notably, both TLR4 inhibition and LCN2 neutralization alleviate psoriasis-like inflammation and NETs formation in both the IMQ model and K14-VEGF transgenic mice. In summary, these results outline the mechanisms for the proinflammatory activity of NETs in skin and identify NETs/TLR4 as novel therapeutic targets in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchen Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengxian Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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39
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Caldarone L, Mariscal A, Sage A, Khan M, Juvet S, Martinu T, Zamel R, Cypel M, Liu M, Palaniyar N, Keshavjee S. Neutrophil extracellular traps in ex vivo lung perfusion perfusate predict the clinical outcome of lung transplant recipients. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01736-2018. [PMID: 30655281 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01736-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Caldarone
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Mariscal
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Sage
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meraj Khan
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Zamel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Lung Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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40
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Shao S, Fang H, Zhang J, Jiang M, Xue K, Ma J, Zhang J, Lei J, Zhang Y, Li B, Yuan X, Dang E, Wang G. Neutrophil exosomes enhance the skin autoinflammation in generalized pustular psoriasis via activating keratinocytes. FASEB J 2019; 33:6813-6828. [PMID: 30811955 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802090rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and severe inflammatory skin disease that can be life-threatening. Gene mutations are found in some cases, but its immune pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we observed that the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio in patients with GPP was higher than that in healthy controls and decreased after effective treatment. Neutrophils isolated from patients with GPP induced higher expressions of inflammatory genes including IL-1β, IL-36G, IL-18, TNF-α, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands in keratinocytes than normal neutrophils did. Moreover, neutrophils from patients with GPP secreted more exosomes than controls, which were then rapidly internalized by keratinocytes, increasing the expression of these inflammatory molecules via activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The proteomic profiles in neutrophil exosomes further characterized functional proteins and identified olfactomedin 4 as the critical differentially expressed protein that mediates the autoimmune inflammatory responses of GPP. These results demonstrate that neutrophil exosomes have an immune-regulatory effect on keratinocytes, which modulates immune cell migration and autoinflammation in GPP.-Shao, S., Fang, H., Zhang, J., Jiang, M., Xue, K., Ma, J., Zhang, J., Lei, J., Zhang, Y., Li, B., Yuan, X., Dang, E., Wang, G. Neutrophil exosomes enhance the skin autoinflammation in generalized pustular psoriasis via activating keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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41
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Khan MA, Ali ZS, Sweezey N, Grasemann H, Palaniyar N. Progression of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease from Childhood to Adulthood: Neutrophils, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation, and NET Degradation. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030183. [PMID: 30813645 PMCID: PMC6471578 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause CF. Infants with CFTR mutations show a peribronchial neutrophil infiltration prior to the establishment of infection in their lung. The inflammatory response progressively increases in children that include both upper and lower airways. Infectious and inflammatory response leads to an increase in mucus viscosity and mucus plugging of small and medium-size bronchioles. Eventually, neutrophils chronically infiltrate the airways with biofilm or chronic bacterial infection. Perpetual infection and airway inflammation destroy the lungs, which leads to increased morbidity and eventual mortality in most of the patients with CF. Studies have now established that neutrophil cytotoxins, extracellular DNA, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with increased mucus clogging and lung injury in CF. In addition to opportunistic pathogens, various aspects of the CF airway milieux (e.g., airway pH, salt concentration, and neutrophil phenotypes) influence the NETotic capacity of neutrophils. CF airway milieu may promote the survival of neutrophils and eventual pro-inflammatory aberrant NETosis, rather than the anti-inflammatory apoptotic death in these cells. Degrading NETs helps to manage CF airway disease; since DNAse treatment release cytotoxins from the NETs, further improvements are needed to degrade NETs with maximal positive effects. Neutrophil-T cell interactions may be important in regulating viral infection-mediated pulmonary exacerbations in patients with bacterial infections. Therefore, clarifying the role of neutrophils and NETs in CF lung disease and identifying therapies that preserve the positive effects of neutrophils, while reducing the detrimental effects of NETs and cytotoxic components, are essential in achieving innovative therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj A Khan
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Zubair Sabz Ali
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Neil Sweezey
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Uddin M, Watz H, Malmgren A, Pedersen F. NETopathic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Severe Asthma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 30804927 PMCID: PMC6370641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immunity, inflammation, and resolution. Unresolving neutrophilia features as a disrupted inflammatory process in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. The extent to which this may be linked to disease pathobiology remains obscure and could be further confounded by indication of glucocorticoids or concomitant respiratory infections. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represents a specialized host defense mechanism that entrap and eliminate invading microbes. NETs are web-like scaffolds of extracellular DNA in complex with histones and neutrophil granular proteins, such as myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. Distinct from apoptosis, NET formation is an active form of cell death that could be triggered by various microbial, inflammatory, and endogenous or exogenous stimuli. NETs are reportedly enriched in neutrophil-dominant refractory lung diseases, such as COPD and severe asthma. Evidence for a pathogenic role for respiratory viruses (e.g., Rhinovirus), bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus) in NET induction is emerging. Dysregulation of this process may exert localized NET burden and contribute to NETopathic lung inflammation. Disentangling the role of NETs in human health and disease offer unique opportunities for therapeutic modulation. The chemokine CXCR2 receptor regulates neutrophil activation and migration, and small molecule CXCR2 antagonists (e.g., AZD5069, danirixin) have been developed to selectively block neutrophilic inflammatory pathways. NET-stabilizing agents using CXCR2 antagonists are being investigated in proof-of-concept studies in patients with COPD to provide mechanistic insights. Clinical validation of this type could lead to novel therapeutics for multiple CXCR2-related NETopathologies. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of NETs in the clinicopathobiology of COPD and severe asthma and provide an outlook on how novel NET-stabilizing therapies via CXCR2 blockade could be leveraged to disrupt NETopathic inflammation in disease-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Anna Malmgren
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany
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Keitelman IA, Sabbione F, Shiromizu CM, Giai C, Fuentes F, Rosso D, Ledo C, Miglio Rodriguez M, Guzman M, Geffner JR, Galletti J, Jancic C, Gómez MI, Trevani AS. Short-Term Fever-Range Hyperthermia Accelerates NETosis and Reduces Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2374. [PMID: 31681277 PMCID: PMC6813732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever is a hallmark of infections and inflammatory diseases, represented by an increase of 1-4°C in core body temperature. Fever-range hyperthermia (FRH) has been shown to increase neutrophil recruitment to local sites of infection. Here, we evaluated the impact of a short period (1 h) of FRH (STFRH) on pro-inflammatory and bactericidal human neutrophil functions. STFRH did not affect neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis but reverted the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anti-apoptotic effect compared with that under normothermic conditions. Furthermore, STFRH accelerated phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETosis evaluated either by the nuclear DNA decondensation at 2 h post-stimulation or by the increase in extracellular DNA that colocalized with myeloperoxidase (MPO) at 4 h post-stimulation. Increased NETosis upon STFRH was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but not in autophagy levels. STFRH also increased NETosis in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge but moderately reduced its phagocytosis. However, these STFRH-induced effects did not influence the ability of neutrophils to kill bacteria after 4 h of co-culture. STFRH also significantly reduced neutrophil capacity to release the pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8/interleukin 8 (CXCL8/IL-8) and IL-1β in response to LPS and P. aeruginosa challenge. Altogether, these results indicate that a short and mild hyperthermal period is enough to modulate neutrophil responses to bacterial encounter. They also suggest that fever spikes during bacterial infections might lead neutrophils to trigger an emergency response promoting neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation to ensnare bacteria in order to wall off the infection and to reduce their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in order to limit the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Keitelman
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina M. Shiromizu
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza Giai
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microscopía, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Rosso
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Ledo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Miglio Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Guzman
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeremías Galletti
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa I. Gómez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S. Trevani
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Analía S. Trevani
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The Balancing Act of Inflammation. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:161-162. [PMID: 29852481 DOI: 10.1159/000490363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Full Complement. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:83-84. [PMID: 29510384 DOI: 10.1159/000487341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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46
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Going Fishing. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:1-2. [PMID: 29320784 DOI: 10.1159/000485754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Li H, Zhou X, Tan H, Hu Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Dai M, Li Y, Li Q, Mao Z, Pan P, Su X, Hu C. Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to the pathogenesis of acid-aspiration-induced ALI/ARDS. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1772-1784. [PMID: 29416730 PMCID: PMC5788598 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a manifestation of systemic inflammation in the lungs, but the factors that trigger inflammation in ALI/ARDS are unclear. We hypothesized that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to the pathogenesis of acid aspiration-induced ALI/ARDS. Results Analysis of bronchial aspirates from ARDS patients showed that NETs were significantly correlated with the degree of ARDS (r = -0.5846, p = 0.0359). NETs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of acid-aspiration mice were significantly higher (141.6 ± 23.08) at 3 h after injury than those in the sham group (1234 ± 101.9; p = 0.003, n = 5 per group). Exogenous NETs aggravated lung injury, while alvelestat and DNase markedly attenuated the intensity of ARDS. Materials and Methods We investigated whether NETs are involved in the severity of gastric aspiration-induced ARDS. Then, a hydrochloric acid aspiration-induced ALI murine model was used to assess whether NETs are pathogenic and whether targeting NETs is protective. Exogenous NETs were administered to mice. Alvelestat can inhibit neutrophil elastase (NE), which serves an important role in NET formation, so we investigated whether alvelestat could protect against ALI in cell and mouse models. Conclusions NETs may contribute to ALI/ARDS by promoting tissue damage and systemic inflammation. Targeting NETs by alvelestat may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongyi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Department of Pathological Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Minhui Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhi Mao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chengpin Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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