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Yu W, Yang B, Xu S, Gao Y, Huang Y, Wang Z. Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:4247-4261. [PMID: 38164419 PMCID: PMC10758178 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications can be divided into macrovascular complications such as cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease and microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy. Among them, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of death in diabetic patients. Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the main reasons for the increasing disability rate of diabetes. In recent years, some studies have found that because DR and CVD have a common pathophysiological basis, the occurrence of DR and CVD are inseparable, and to a certain extent, DR can predict the occurrence of CVD. With the development of technology, the fundus parameters of DR can be quantitatively analyzed as an independent risk factor of CVD. In addition, the cytokines related to DR can also be used for early screening of DR. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of CVD, its situation of prevention and treatment is still not optimistic. This review hopes to discuss the feasibility of DR in predicting CVD from the common pathophysiological mechanism of DR and CVD, the new progress of diagnostic techniques for DR, and the biomarkers for early screening of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Bergonzini M, Loreni F, Lio A, Russo M, Saitto G, Cammardella A, Irace F, Tramontin C, Chello M, Lusini M, Nenna A, Ferrisi C, Ranocchi F, Musumeci F. Panoramic on Epigenetics in Coronary Artery Disease and the Approach of Personalized Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2864. [PMID: 37893238 PMCID: PMC10604795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This panoramic review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in CAD pathogenesis and highlights the potential implications for personalized medicine approaches. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not influence alterations in the DNA sequence of the genome. It has been shown that epigenetic processes, including DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, play an important role. Additionally, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are also involved in epigenetics, regulating gene expression patterns in response to various environmental factors and lifestyle choices. In the context of CAD, epigenetic alterations contribute to the dysregulation of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. These epigenetic changes can occur during early developmental stages and persist throughout life, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of CAD. Furthermore, in recent years, the concept of personalized medicine has gained significant attention. Personalized medicine aims to tailor medical interventions based on an individual's unique genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In the context of CAD, understanding the interplay between genetic variants and epigenetic modifications holds promise for the development of more precise diagnostic tools, risk stratification models, and targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in CAD and discusses the fundamental principles of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Bergonzini
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreni
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Saitto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cammardella
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Irace
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Tramontin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Chello
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Lusini
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrisi
- Cardiac Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Ranocchi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Musumeci
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Heart Transplantation, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
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3
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Wu X, Xu M, Geng M, Chen S, Little PJ, Xu S, Weng J. Targeting protein modifications in metabolic diseases: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:220. [PMID: 37244925 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represents a major public health burden worldwide. The most common form of NCD is metabolic diseases, which affect people of all ages and usually manifest their pathobiology through life-threatening cardiovascular complications. A comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology of metabolic diseases will generate novel targets for improved therapies across the common metabolic spectrum. Protein posttranslational modification (PTM) is an important term that refers to biochemical modification of specific amino acid residues in target proteins, which immensely increases the functional diversity of the proteome. The range of PTMs includes phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation, prenylation, cholesterylation, glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, sulfhydration, citrullination, ADP ribosylation, and several novel PTMs. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of PTMs and their roles in common metabolic diseases and pathological consequences, including diabetes, obesity, fatty liver diseases, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. Building upon this framework, we afford a through description of proteins and pathways involved in metabolic diseases by focusing on PTM-based protein modifications, showcase the pharmaceutical intervention of PTMs in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and offer future perspectives. Fundamental research defining the mechanisms whereby PTMs of proteins regulate metabolic diseases will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Mengya Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute and School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510000, Guangzhou, China.
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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Ibarrola J, Kim SK, Lu Q, DuPont JJ, Creech A, Sun Z, Hill MA, Jaffe JD, Jaffe IZ. Smooth muscle mineralocorticoid receptor as an epigenetic regulator of vascular ageing. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3386-3400. [PMID: 35020830 PMCID: PMC10060709 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular stiffness increases with age and independently predicts cardiovascular disease risk. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications, accumulate with age but the global pattern has not been elucidated nor are the regulators known. Smooth muscle cell-mineralocorticoid receptor (SMC-MR) contributes to vascular stiffness in ageing mice. Thus, we investigated the regulatory role of SMC-MR in vascular epigenetics and stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling of all histone modifications completely distinguished 3 from 12-month-old mouse aortas. Histone-H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methylation (me) significantly decreased in ageing vessels and this was attenuated in SMC-MR-KO littermates. Immunoblotting revealed less H3K27-specific methyltransferase EZH2 with age in MR-intact but not SMC-MR-KO vessels. These ageing changes were examined in primary human aortic (HA)SMC from adult vs. aged donors. MR, H3K27 acetylation (ac), and stiffness gene (connective tissue growth factor, integrin-α5) expression significantly increased, while H3K27me and EZH2 decreased, with age. MR inhibition reversed these ageing changes in HASMC and the decline in stiffness genes was prevented by EZH2 blockade. Atomic force microscopy revealed that MR antagonism decreased intrinsic stiffness and the probability of fibronectin adhesion of aged HASMC. Conversely, ageing induction in young HASMC with H2O2; increased MR, decreased EZH2, enriched H3K27ac and MR at stiffness gene promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and increased stiffness gene expression. In 12-month-old mice, MR antagonism increased aortic EZH2 and H3K27 methylation, increased EZH2 recruitment and decreased H3K27ac at stiffness genes promoters, and prevented ageing-induced vascular stiffness and fibrosis. Finally, in human aortic tissue, age positively correlated with MR and stiffness gene expression and negatively correlated with H3K27me3 while MR and EZH2 are negatively correlated. CONCLUSION These data support a novel vascular ageing model with rising MR in human SMC suppressing EZH2 expression thereby decreasing H3K27me, promoting MR recruitment and H3K27ac at stiffness gene promoters to induce vascular stiffness and suggests new targets for ameliorating ageing-associated vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Ibarrola
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Seung Kyum Kim
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, 01811 Republic of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Qing Lu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Amanda Creech
- Broad Institute, Proteomics Platform, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
| | - Jacob D Jaffe
- Broad Institute, Proteomics Platform, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 80, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Wang J, Xie SA, Li N, Zhang T, Yao W, Zhao H, Pang W, Han L, Liu J, Zhou J. Matrix stiffness exacerbates the proinflammatory responses of vascular smooth muscle cell through the DDR1-DNMT1 mechanotransduction axis. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:406-424. [PMID: 35386458 PMCID: PMC8964982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) is highly plastic as its phenotype can change in response to mechanical cues inherent to the extracellular matrix (ECM). VSMC may be activated from its quiescent contractile phenotype to a proinflammatory phenotype, whereby the cell secretes chemotactic and inflammatory cytokines, e.g. MCP1 and IL6, to functionally regulate monocyte and macrophage infiltration during the development of various vascular diseases including arteriosclerosis. Here, by culturing vSMCs on polyacrylamide (PA) substrates with variable elastic moduli, we discovered a role of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds collagens, in mediating the mechanical regulation of vSMC gene expression, phenotype, and proinflammatory responses. We found that ECM stiffness induced DDR1 phosphorylation, oligomerization, and endocytosis to repress the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), very likely in a collagen-independent manner. The DDR1-to-DNMT1 signaling was sequentially mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and p53 pathways. ECM stiffness primed vSMC to a proinflammatory phenotype and this regulation was diminished by DDR1 inhibition. In agreement with the in vitro findings, increased DDR1 phosphorylation was observed in human arterial stiffening. DDR1 inhibition in mouse attenuated the acute injury or adenine diet-induced vascular stiffening and inflammation. Furthermore, mouse vasculature with SMC-specific deletion of Dnmt1 exhibited proinflammatory and stiffening phenotypes. Our study demonstrates a role of SMC DDR1 in perceiving the mechanical microenvironments and down-regulating expression of DNMT1 to result in vascular pathologies and has potential implications for optimization of engineering artificial vascular grafts and vascular networks. DDR1 is a mechanosensor in vSMC to perceive ECM stiffness in a collagen binding-independent way. Activation of DDR1 leads to repression of DNMT1 expression via the ERK-p53 pathway. The DDR1-DNMT1 axis mediates ECM stiffening-induced vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Si-an Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), And Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hucheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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Chen Y, Liang L, Wu C, Cao Z, Xia L, Meng J, Wang Z. Epigenetic Control of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function in Atherosclerosis: A Role for DNA Methylation. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:824-837. [PMID: 35900288 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex vascular inflammatory disease in which multiple cell types are involved, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In response to vascular injury and inflammatory stimuli, VSMCs undergo a "phenotypic switching" characterized by extracellular matrix secretion, loss of contractility, and abnormal proliferation and migration, which play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis. DNA methylation modification is an important epigenetic mechanism that plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Studies investigating abnormal DNA methylation in patients with atherosclerosis have determined a specific DNA methylation profile, and proposed multiple pathways and genes involved in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have also revealed that DNA methylation modification controls VSMC function by regulating gene expression involved in atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances regarding the epigenetic control of VSMC function by DNA methylation in atherosclerosis and provide insights into the development of VSMC-centered therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingli Liang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zitong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linzhen Xia
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Functional Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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7
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Reutersberg B, Düppers P, Menges AL, Schrimpf C, Zimmermann A, Pelisek J. Alterungsbedingte Gefäßveränderungen am Beispiel der Arteria carotis. GEFÄSSCHIRURGIE 2022; 27:231-238. [PMID: 35789693 PMCID: PMC9243795 DOI: 10.1007/s00772-022-00901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Einer der Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Vorliegen einer Karotisstenose und des karotisbedingten Schlaganfalls ist das Lebensalter. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist die Darstellung des aktuellen Wissensstands über altersbedingte Veränderungen der Gefäße am Beispiel der Karotisstenose. Die Gefäßalterung (vaskuläre Seneszenz) als Abnahme struktureller und funktioneller Eigenschaften der Gefäßwand spielt sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen ab. Auf multizellulärer Ebene kommt es mit zunehmendem Alter hauptsächlich aufgrund von atherosklerotischen Veränderungen der Gefäßwand zu einer Zunahme von Gefäßvolumen und -durchmesser sowie der Intima-Media-Dicke. Auf zellulärer und extrazellulärer Ebene kommt es zur Abnahme von Elastinfasern, glatten Muskelzellen und der Gesamtzellularität sowie zur Zunahme der Lipid‑, Cholesterin- und Kalziumphosphatablagerungen und der Neovaskularisierung. Ursachen der Gefäßalterung auf molekularer Ebene sind insbesondere oxidativer Stress, chronische Entzündungsreaktion, mitochondriale Dysfunktion, epigenetische Veränderungen, Dysregulation der Expression nicht kodierender RNAs (ncRNAs) und die Zunahme der Seneszenz. Der altersbedingte Verlust der Heilungs- und Reparaturfähigkeit des Gewebes macht die Plaques vulnerabler und im Falle der A. carotis anfälliger für ischämische Schlaganfälle. Zunehmende Erkenntnisse über den Einfluss des Alterns auf die Epigenetik und der ncRNAs in atherosklerotischen Plaques kann zukünftig das individuelle Risiko von Patienten genauer quantifizieren und zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapiestrategien beitragen. Weitere Studien sind auf diesem Gebiet jedoch notwendig, um das gesamte Ausmaß der Gefäßalterung und den damit einhergehenden Erkrankungen zu verstehen, damit diesen dann gezielt entgegenwirkt werden kann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Reutersberg
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Philip Düppers
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Anna-Leonie Menges
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Claudia Schrimpf
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Alexander Zimmermann
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
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8
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Zajda A, Sikora J, Huttunen KM, Markowicz-Piasecka M. Structural Comparison of Sulfonamide-Based Derivatives That Can Improve Anti-Coagulation Properties of Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084132. [PMID: 35456961 PMCID: PMC9029893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high efficiency, good safety profile, and potential cardio-protective properties, metformin, a dimethyl biguanide, is the first-line medication in antihyperglycemic treatment for type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of our present study was to assess the effects of eight new sulfonamide-based derivatives of metformin on selected plasma parameters and vascular hemostasis, as well as on endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. The compounds with an alkyl chain (1–3), trifluoromethyl substituent (4), or acetyl group (5) significantly elevated glucose utilization in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs), similarly to metformin. Our novel findings showed that metformin analogues 1–3 presented the most beneficial properties because of their greatest safety profile in the WST-1 cell viability assay, which was also proved in the further HUVEC integrity studies using RTCA DP. Compounds 1–3 did not affect either HUVEC or aortal smooth muscle cell (AoSMC) viability up to 3.0 mM. Importantly, these compounds beneficially affected some of the coagulation parameters, including factor X and antithrombin III activity. In contrast to the above-mentioned metformin analogues, derivatives 4 and 5 exerted more profound anticoagulation effects; however, they were also more cytotoxic towards HUVECs, as IC50 values were 1.0–1.5 mM. In conclusion, the chemical modification of a metformin scaffold into sulfonamides possessing alkyl substituents results in the formation of novel derivatives with potential bi-directional activity including anti-hyperglycemic properties and highly desirable anti-coagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zajda
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-677-92-50
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9
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Xie D, Chen F, Zhang Y, Shi B, Song J, Chaudhari K, Yang SH, Zhang GJ, Sun X, Taylor HS, Li D, Huang Y. Let-7 underlies metformin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122217119. [PMID: 35344434 PMCID: PMC9169108 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122217119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceA clear mechanistic understanding of metformin's antidiabetic effects is lacking. This is because suprapharmacological concentrations of metformin have been used in most studies. Using mouse models and human primary hepatocytes, we show that metformin, at clinically relevant doses, suppresses hepatic glucose production by activating a conserved regulatory pathway encompassing let-7, TET3, and a fetal isoform of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α). We demonstrate that metformin no longer has potent antidiabetic actions in a liver-specific let-7 loss-of-function mouse model and that hepatic delivery of let-7 ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves glucose homeostasis. Our results thus reveal an important role of the hepatic let-7/TET3/HNF4α axis in mediating the therapeutic effects of metformin and suggest that targeting this axis may be a potential therapeutic for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Bei Shi
- Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Center, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Gary J. Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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10
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Li RL, Wang LY, Liu S, Duan HX, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Peng W, Huang Y, Wu C. Natural Flavonoids Derived From Fruits Are Potential Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862277. [PMID: 35399657 PMCID: PMC8987282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, as a chronic inflammatory response, is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is induced by endothelial cell dysfunction, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, accumulation of foam cells and inflammatory response, resulting in plaque accumulation, narrowing and hardening of the artery wall, and ultimately leading to myocardial infarction or sudden death and other serious consequences. Flavonoid is a kind of natural polyphenol compound widely existing in fruits with various structures, mainly including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, and chalcone, etc. Because of its potential health benefits, it is now used in supplements, cosmetics and medicines, and researchers are increasingly paying attention to its role in atherosclerosis. In this paper, we will focus on several important nodes in the development of atherosclerotic disease, including endothelial cell dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, foam cell accumulation and inflammatory response. At the same time, through the classification of flavonoids from fruits, the role and potential mechanism of flavonoids in atherosclerosis were reviewed, providing a certain direction for the development of fruit flavonoids in the treatment of atherosclerosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng,
| | - Yongliang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Yongliang Huang,
| | - Chunjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chunjie Wu,
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11
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Histone Methylation and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6023710. [PMID: 35340204 PMCID: PMC8942669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6023710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when ROS overproduction overwhelms the elimination ability of antioxidants. Accumulated studies have found that oxidative stress is regulated by histone methylation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Targeting the underlying molecular mechanism to alter the interplay of oxidative stress and histone methylation may enable creative and effective therapeutic strategies to be developed against a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Recently, some drugs targeting epigenetic modifiers have been used to treat specific types of cancers. However, the comprehensive signaling pathways bridging oxidative stress and histone methylation need to be deeply explored in the contexts of cardiovascular physiology and pathology before clinical therapies be developed. In the present review, we summarize and update information on the interplay between histone methylation and oxidative stress during the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetic macro- and microvascular pathologies.
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12
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Tang H, Zeng Z, Shang C, Li Q, Liu J. Epigenetic Regulation in Pathology of Atherosclerosis: A Novel Perspective. Front Genet 2022; 12:810689. [PMID: 34976029 PMCID: PMC8714670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.810689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by atherosclerotic plaques, is a complex pathological process that involves different cell types and can be seen as a chronic inflammatory disease. In the advanced stage, the ruptured atherosclerotic plaque can induce deadly accidents including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Epigenetics regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA modification. maintains cellular identity via affecting the cellular transcriptome. The epigenetic modification process, mediating by epigenetic enzymes, is dynamic under various stimuli, which can be reversely altered. Recently, numerous studies have evidenced the close relationship between atherosclerosis and epigenetic regulations in atherosclerosis, providing us with a novel perspective in researching mechanisms and finding novel therapeutic targets of this serious disease. Here, we critically review the recent discoveries between epigenetic regulation mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangwei Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghao Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Vascular Pathobiology: Atherosclerosis and Large Vessel Disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Castro R, Whalen CA, Gullette S, Mattie FJ, Florindo C, Heil SG, Huang NK, Neuberger T, Ross AC. A Hypomethylating Ketogenic Diet in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: A Pilot Study on Vascular Effects and Specific Epigenetic Changes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103576. [PMID: 34684577 PMCID: PMC8537671 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteneinemia (HHcy) is common in the general population and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis by mechanisms that are still elusive. A hypomethylated status of epigenetically relevant targets may contribute to the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. Ketogenic diets (KD) are diets with a severely restricted amount of carbohydrates that are being widely used, mainly for weight-loss purposes. However, studies associating nutritional ketosis and HHcy are lacking. This pilot study investigates the effects of mild HHcy induced by nutritional manipulation of the methionine metabolism in the absence of dietary carbohydrates on disease progression and specific epigenetic changes in the apolipoprotein-E deficient (apoE-/-) mouse model. ApoE-/- mice were either fed a KD, a diet with the same macronutrient composition but low in methyl donors (low methyl KD, LMKD), or control diet. After 4, 8 or 12 weeks plasma was collected for the quantification of: (1) nutritional ketosis, (i.e., the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate using a colorimetric assay); (2) homocysteine by HPLC; (3) the methylating potential S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (AdoHcy/AdoMet) by LC-MS/MS; and (4) the inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) by ELISA. After 12 weeks, aortas were collected to assess: (1) the vascular AdoHcy/AdoMet ratio; (2) the volume of atherosclerotic lesions by high-field magnetic resonance imaging (14T-MRI); and (3) the content of specific epigenetic tags (H3K27me3 and H3K27ac) by immunofluorescence. The results confirmed the presence of nutritional ketosis in KD and LMKD mice but not in the control mice. As expected, mild HHcy was only detected in the LMKD-fed mice. Significantly decreased MCP1 plasma levels and plaque burden were observed in control mice versus the other two groups, together with an increased content of one of the investigated epigenetic tags (H3K27me3) but not of the other (H3K27ac). Moreover, we are unable to detect any significant differences at the p < 0.05 level for MCP1 plasma levels, vascular AdoMet:AdoHcy ratio levels, plaque burden, and specific epigenetic content between the latter two groups. Nevertheless, the systemic methylating index was significantly decreased in LMKD mice versus the other two groups, reinforcing the possibility that the levels of accumulated homocysteine were insufficient to affect vascular transmethylation reactions. Further studies addressing nutritional ketosis in the presence of mild HHcy should use a higher number of animals and are warranted to confirm these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-2938
| | - Courtney A. Whalen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Sean Gullette
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
| | - Floyd J. Mattie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sandra G. Heil
- Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Neil K. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.); (T.N.)
- Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
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15
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Zurek M, Aavik E, Mallick R, Ylä-Herttuala S. Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review. Front Genet 2021; 12:719456. [PMID: 34422021 PMCID: PMC8375552 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.719456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive remodeling of medium and large-sized arteries. Inward remodeling (=lumen shrinkage) of the vascular walls is the underlying cause for ischemia in target organs. Therefore, inward remodeling can be considered the predominant feature of atherosclerotic pathology. Outward remodeling (=lumen enlargement) is a physiological response compensating for lumen shrinkage caused by neointimal hyperplasia, but as a pathological response to changes in blood flow, outward remodeling leads to substantial arterial wall thinning. Thinned vascular walls are prone to rupture, and subsequent thrombus formation accounts for the majority of acute cardiovascular events. Pathological remodeling is driven by inflammatory cells which induce vascular smooth muscle cells to switch from quiescent to a proliferative and migratory phenotype. After decades of intensive research, the molecular mechanisms of arterial remodeling are starting to unfold. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype involved in arterial remodeling and discuss potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Zurek
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Einari Aavik
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Li J, Zhang X, Yang M, Yang H, Xu N, Fan X, Liu G, Jiang X, Fan J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Li R, Gao S, Jin J, Jin Z, Zheng J, Tu Q, Ren J. DNA methylome profiling reveals epigenetic regulation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 in human vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:161. [PMID: 34419168 PMCID: PMC8379831 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is a key feature of atheroprogression and precipitating acute cardiovascular events. Although the pivotal role of epigenetic regulation in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization is being recognized, the DNA methylation profile and its potential role in driving the progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains largely unknown. We conducted a genome-wide analysis to identify differentially methylated genes in vulnerable and non-vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions to understand more about pathogenesis. RESULTS We compared genome-wide DNA methylation profiling between carotid artery plaques of patients with clinically symptomatic (recent stroke or transient ischemic attack) and asymptomatic disease (no recent stroke) using Infinium Methylation BeadChip arrays, which revealed 90,368 differentially methylated sites (FDR < 0.05, |delta beta|> 0.03) corresponding to 14,657 annotated genes. Among these genomic sites, 30% were located at the promoter regions and 14% in the CpG islands, according to genomic loci and genomic proximity to the CpG islands, respectively. Moreover, 67% displayed hypomethylation in symptomatic plaques, and the differentially hypomethylated genes were found to be involved in various aspects of inflammation. Subsequently, we focus on CpG islands and revealed 14,596 differentially methylated sites (|delta beta|> 0.1) located at the promoter regions of 7048 genes. Integrated analysis of methylation and gene expression profiles identified that 107 genes were hypomethylated in symptomatic plaques and showed elevated expression levels in both advanced plaques and ruptured plaques. The imprinted gene PLA2G7, which encodes lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), was one of the top hypomethylated genes with an increased expression upon inflammation. Further, the hypomethylated CpG site at the promoter region of PLA2G7 was identified as cg11874627, demethylation of which led to increased binding of Sp3 and expression of Lp-PLA2 through bisulfate sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These effects were further enhanced by deacetylase. CONCLUSION Extensive DNA methylation modifications serve as a new and critical layer of biological regulation that contributes to atheroprogression and destabilization via inflammatory processes. Revelation of this hitherto unknown epigenetic regulatory mechanism could rejuvenate the prospects of Lp-PLA2 as a therapeutic target to stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque and reduce clinical sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xueqiang Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiasai Fan
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Jin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zening Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Vascular Health Research Center of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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17
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Wei X, Zhang Y, Xie L, Wang K, Wang X. Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by GSK126 decreases atherosclerosis by modulating foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:841. [PMID: 34149887 PMCID: PMC8210282 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications play an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in human and atherosclerosis-prone mice. Histone methylation in macrophages, monocytes and endothelial cells markedly influence the progression of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unclear whether treatment with a histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor may suppress atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK126, on the suppression and regression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse models. In vitro, it was found that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by GSK126 markedly reduced lipid transportation and monocyte adhesion during atherogenesis, predominantly through increasing the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in human THP-1 cells. In vivo, it was found that atherosclerotic plaques in GSK126-treated mice were significantly decreased when comparing with the vehicle-treated animals. These results indicated that the GSK126 has the ability to attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing macrophage foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in cell and mouse models. In conclusion, the present study provided new insights into the molecular mechanism behind the action of GSK126 and suggested its therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Lianna Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
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18
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Khan A, Paneni F, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1165-1187. [PMID: 33988232 PMCID: PMC8314213 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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19
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Sumi MP, Mahajan B, Sattar RSA, Nimisha, Apurva, Kumar A, Sharma AK, Ahmad E, Ali A, Saluja SS. Elucidation of Epigenetic Landscape in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review on Basic Concept to Personalized Medicine. Epigenet Insights 2021; 14:2516865720988567. [PMID: 33598635 PMCID: PMC7863167 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720988567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive clinical research and management protocols applied in the field of coronary artery diseases (CAD), it still holds the number 1 position in mortality worldwide. This indicates that we need to work on precision medicine to discover the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic targets to improve the outcome of CAD. In precision medicine, epigenetic changes play a vital role in disease onset and progression. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes that do not affect the alterations of DNA sequence in the genome. It comprises various covalent modifications that occur in DNA or histone proteins affecting the spatial arrangement of the DNA and histones. These multiple modifications include DNA/histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation. Besides these covalent modifications, non-coding RNAs-viz. miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are also involved in epigenetics. Smoking, alcohol, diet, environmental pollutants, obesity, and lifestyle are some of the prime factors affecting epigenetic alterations. Novel molecular techniques such as next-generation sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry have been developed to identify important cross points in the epigenetic web in relation to various diseases. The studies regarding exploration of epigenetics, have led researchers to identify multiple diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets that are being used in different disease diagnosis and management. Here in this review, we will discuss various ground-breaking contributions of past and recent studies in the epigenetic field in concert with coronary artery diseases. Future prospects of epigenetics and its implication in CAD personalized medicine will also be discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta P Sumi
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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20
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The carotid plaque as paradigmatic case of site-specific acceleration of aging process: The microRNAs and the inflammaging contribution. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101090. [PMID: 32474155 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries associated with the aging process. Many risk factors have been identified and they are mainly related to life-styles, gene-environment interactions and socioeconomic status. Carotid and coronary artery diseases are the two major atherosclerotic conditions, being the primary cause of stroke and heart attack, respectively. Nevertheless, carotid plaque assumes particular aspects not only for the specific molecular mechanisms, but also for the types of atheroma which may be associated with a better or a worst prognosis. The identification of circulating blood biomarkers able to distinguish carotid plaque types (stable or vulnerable) is a crucial step for the improvement of adequate therapeutic approaches avoiding or delaying endarterectomy in the oldest old individuals (> 80 years), a population predicted to growth in the next years. The review highlights the most recent knowledge on carotid plaque molecular mechanisms, focusing on microRNAs (miRs), as a site-specific accelerated aging within the conceptual framework of Geroscience for new affordable therapies.
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21
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No Effect of Diet-Induced Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia on Vascular Methylating Capacity, Atherosclerosis Progression, and Specific Histone Methylation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082182. [PMID: 32717800 PMCID: PMC7468910 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis through mechanisms which are still incompletely defined. One possible mechanism involves the hypomethylation of the nuclear histone proteins to favor the progression of atherosclerosis. In previous cell studies, hypomethylating stress decreased a specific epigenetic tag (the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3, H3K27me3) to promote endothelial dysfunction and activation, i.e., an atherogenic phenotype. Here, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the impact of mild HHcy on vascular methylating index, atherosclerosis progression and H3K27me3 aortic content in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. In two different sets of experiments, male mice were fed high-fat, low in methyl donors (HFLM), or control (HF) diets for 16 (Study A) or 12 (Study B) weeks. At multiple time points, plasma was collected for (1) quantification of total homocysteine (tHcy) by high-performance liquid chromatography; or (2) the methylation index of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH ratio) by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry; or (3) a panel of inflammatory cytokines previously implicated in atherosclerosis by a multiplex assay. At the end point, aortas were collected and used to assess (1) the methylating index (SAM:SAH ratio); (2) the volume of aortic atherosclerotic plaque assessed by high field magnetic resonance imaging; and (3) the vascular content of H3K27me3 by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that, in both studies, HFLM-fed mice, but not those mice fed control diets, accumulated mildly elevated tHcy plasmatic concentrations. However, the pattern of changes in the inflammatory cytokines did not support a major difference in systemic inflammation between these groups. Accordingly, in both studies, no significant differences were detected for the aortic methylating index, plaque burden, and H3K27me3 vascular content between HF and HFLM-fed mice. Surprisingly however, a decreased plasma SAM: SAH was also observed, suggesting that the plasma compartment does not always reflect the vascular concentrations of these two metabolites, at least in this model. Mild HHcy in vivo was not be sufficient to induce vascular hypomethylating stress or the progression of atherosclerosis, suggesting that only higher accumulations of plasma tHcy will exhibit vascular toxicity and promote specific epigenetic dysregulation.
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22
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Jiang D, Wang Y, Chang G, Duan Q, You L, Sun M, Hu C, Gao L, Wu S, Tao H, Lu K, Zhang D. DNA hydroxymethylation combined with carotid plaques as a novel biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3170-3181. [PMID: 31123222 PMCID: PMC6555448 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the diagnostic value of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation for coronary atherosclerosis. Carotid plaque is a common marker for coronary atherosclerosis. Our aim is to determine whether DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation combined with carotid plaques can be useful to the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis. The 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) levels from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured in 113 enrolled patients. Crouse score and Gensini score were used to evaluate the severity of carotid and coronary atherosclerosis, respectively. With the increasing of severity of carotid plaque, a stepwise upward trend was observed in 5-mC and 5-hmC levels from PBMCs, which were significantly correlated with the risk factors, Crouse score and Gensini score. Crouse score and 5-hmC, not 5-mC, were the risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis after adjustment for the risk factors (the history of diabetes, FPG and HbA1c). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that 5-hmC combined with Crouse score was the diagnostic biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis, with the highest areas under the curve (AUC) for 0.980 (0.933–0.997), valuable sensitivity for 96.23% and specificity for 91.67%. These findings suggest 5-hmC level combined with Crouse score may provide the meaningful information for coronary atherosclerosis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanglei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Linna You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxiao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
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23
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Cao T, Jiang Y, Li D, Sun X, Zhang Y, Qin L, Tellides G, Taylor HS, Huang Y. H19/TET1 axis promotes TGF-β signaling linked to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. FASEB J 2020; 34:8625-8640. [PMID: 32374060 PMCID: PMC7364839 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000073rrrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While emerging evidence suggests the link between endothelial activation of TGF-β signaling, induction of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the molecular underpinning of this connection remains enigmatic. Here, we report aberrant expression of H19 lncRNA and TET1 in endothelial cells (ECs) of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Using primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) we show that TNF-α, a known risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and CVD, induces H19 expression which in turn activates TGF-β signaling and EndMT via a TET1-dependent epigenetic mechanism. We also show that H19 regulates TET1 expression at the posttranscriptional level. Further, we provide evidence that this H19/TET1-mediated regulation of TGF-β signaling and EndMT occurs in mouse pulmonary microvascular ECs in vivo under hyperglycemic conditions. We propose that endothelial activation of the H19/TET1 axis may play an important role in EndMT and perhaps CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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24
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Abstract
The vasculature not only transports oxygenated blood, metabolites, and waste products but also serves as a conduit for hormonal communication between distant tissues. Therefore, it is important to maintain homeostasis within the vasculature. Recent studies have greatly expanded our understanding of the regulation of vasculature development and vascular-related diseases at the epigenetic level, including by protein posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. Integrating epigenetic mechanisms into the pathophysiologic conceptualization of complex and multifactorial vascular-related diseases may provide promising therapeutic approaches. Several reviews have presented detailed discussions of epigenetic mechanisms not including histone methylation in vascular biology. In this review, we primarily discuss histone methylation in vascular development and maturity, and in vascular diseases.
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25
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Liu JT, Liu Z, Chen Y, Qi YX, Yao QP, Jiang ZL. MicroRNA-29a Involvement in Phenotypic Transformation of Venous Smooth Muscle Cells Via Ten–Eleven Translocation Methylcytosinedioxygenase 1 in Response to Mechanical Cyclic Stretch. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:958440. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4044581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli play an important role in vein graft restenosis and the abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are pathological processes contributing to this disorder. Here, based on previous high-throughput sequencing data from vein grafts, miR-29a-3p and its target, the role of Ten–eleven translocation methylcytosinedioxygenase 1 (TET1) in phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by mechanical stretch was investigated. Vein grafts were generated by using the “cuff” technique in rats. Deep transcriptome sequencing revealed that the expression of TET1 was significantly decreased, a process confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. MicroRNA-seq showed that miR-29a-3p was significantly up-regulated, targeting TET1 as predicted by Targetscan. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the co-expressed genes with TET1 might modulate VSMC contraction. Venous VSMCs exposed to 10%–1.25 Hz cyclic stretch by using the Flexcell system were used to simulate arterial mechanical conditions in vitro. RT-qPCR revealed that mechanical stretch increased the expression of miR-29a-3p at 3 h. Western blot analysis showed that TET1 was significantly decreased, switching contractile VSMCs to cells with a synthetic phenotype. miR-29a-3p mimics (MI) and inhibitor (IN) transfection confirmed the negative impact of miR-29a-3p on TET1. Taken together, results from this investigation demonstrate that mechanical stretch modulates venous VSMC phenotypic transformation via the mediation of the miR-29a-3p/TET1 signaling pathway. miR-29a-3p may have potential clinical implications in the pathogenesis of remodeling of vein graft restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.O. Box 888, 800 Dongchuan Road Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P.O. Box 888, 800 Dongchuan Road Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
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26
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Association of N 6-methyladenine DNA with plaque progression in atherosclerosis via myocardial infarction-associated transcripts. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 31797919 PMCID: PMC6892866 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the novel N6-methyladenine (m6A) DNA implicates this epigenetic mark in human malignant disease, but its role in atherosclerosis (AS) is largely unknown. Here, we found that the leukocyte level of m6A but not 5mC DNA modification was decreased with increasing of carotid plaque size and thickness in 207 AS patients as compared with 142 sex- and age-matched controls. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and leukocyte m6A levels were associated with the progression of carotid plaque size and thickness. Both LDL level and plaque thickness were also independently and negatively related to m6A level. Reduced m6A level was further confirmed in leukocytes and endothelium in western diet-induced AS mice and in oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL)-treated human endothelium and monocyte cells. Decreased m6A level was closely related to the upregulation of AlkB homolog 1 (ALKBH1), the demethylase of m6A. Silencing of ALKBH1 or hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) could rescue the ox-LDL–increased level of MIAT, a hypoxia-response gene. Mechanically, ox-LDL induced HIF1α for transfer into the nucleus. Nuclear HIF1α bound to the ALKBH1-demethylated MIAT promoter and transcriptionally upregulated its expression. Therefore, elevated ALKBH1 level in endothelium and leukocytes reduced m6A level, which is a novel and sensitive biomarker for AS progression.
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27
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Basatemur GL, Jørgensen HF, Clarke MCH, Bennett MR, Mallat Z. Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:727-744. [PMID: 31243391 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major cell type present at all stages of an atherosclerotic plaque. According to the 'response to injury' and 'vulnerable plaque' hypotheses, contractile VSMCs recruited from the media undergo phenotypic conversion to proliferative synthetic cells that generate extracellular matrix to form the fibrous cap and hence stabilize plaques. However, lineage-tracing studies have highlighted flaws in the interpretation of former studies, revealing that these studies had underestimated both the content and functions of VSMCs in plaques and have thus challenged our view on the role of VSMCs in atherosclerosis. VSMCs are more plastic than previously recognized and can adopt alternative phenotypes, including phenotypes resembling foam cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells and osteochondrogenic cells, which could contribute both positively and negatively to disease progression. In this Review, we present the evidence for VSMC plasticity and summarize the roles of VSMCs and VSMC-derived cells in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. Correct attribution and spatiotemporal resolution of clinically beneficial and detrimental processes will underpin the success of any therapeutic intervention aimed at VSMCs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Basatemur
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helle F Jørgensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Murray C H Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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28
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Jia S, Yang S, Du P, Gao K, Cao Y, Yao B, Guo R, Zhao M. Regulatory Factor X1 Downregulation Contributes to Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Overexpression in CD14+ Monocytes via Epigenetic Mechanisms in Coronary Heart Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:1098. [PMID: 31737059 PMCID: PMC6838212 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) affects the chemotaxis of monocytes and is a key chemokine closely related to the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Compared with healthy controls, coronary heart disease (CAD) patients show significantly upregulated plasma concentrations and mRNA expression of MCP1 in CD14+ monocytes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of MCP1 overexpression in AS is still unclear. Our previous research indicated that there was no significant difference in the H3K4 and H3K27 tri-methylation of the MCP1 promoter in CD14+ monocytes from CAD versus non-CAD patients, but the H3 and H4 acetylation of the MCP1 promoter was increased in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients. We further found that the H3K9 tri-methylation of the MCP1 promoter in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients was decreased, but the DNA methylation levels did not differ markedly from those in non-CAD patients. Our previous work showed that the level of regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) was markedly reduced in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients and played an important role in the progression of AS by regulating epigenetic modification. In this study, we investigated whether RFX1 and epigenetic modifications mediated by RFX1 contribute to the overexpression of MCP1 in activated monocytes in CAD patients. We found that the enrichment of RFX1, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) in the MCP1 gene promoter region were decreased in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients and in healthy CD14+ monocytes treated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays identified MCP1 as a target gene of RFX1. Overexpression of RFX1 increased the recruitments of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 and inhibited the expression of MCP1 in CD14+ monocytes. In contrast, knockdown of RFX1 in CD14+ monocytes reduced the recruitments of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 in the MCP1 promoter region, thereby facilitating H3 and H4 acetylation and H3K9 tri-methylation in this region. In conclusion, our results indicated that RFX1 expression deficiency in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients contributed to MCP1 overexpression via a deficiency of recruitments of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 in the MCP1 promoter, which highlighted the vital role of RFX1 in the pathogenesis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Dapartment of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baige Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Dapartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Harman JL, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Stokell BG, Dalby A, Foote K, Finigan A, Freire-Pritchett P, Taylor AL, Worssam MD, Madsen RR, Loche E, Uryga A, Bennett MR, Jørgensen HF. Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Histone H3 Lysine 9 Dimethylation Attenuates Target Gene-Induction by Inflammatory Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2289-2302. [PMID: 31434493 PMCID: PMC6818986 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular inflammation underlies cardiovascular disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upregulate selective genes, including MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and proinflammatory cytokines upon local inflammation, which directly contribute to vascular disease and adverse clinical outcome. Identification of factors controlling VSMC responses to inflammation is therefore of considerable therapeutic importance. Here, we determine the role of Histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2), a repressive epigenetic mark that is reduced in atherosclerotic lesions, in regulating the VSMC inflammatory response. Approach and Results: We used VSMC-lineage tracing to reveal reduced H3K9me2 levels in VSMCs of arteries after injury and in atherosclerotic lesions compared with control vessels. Intriguingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed H3K9me2 enrichment at a subset of inflammation-responsive gene promoters, including MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, and IL6, in mouse and human VSMCs. Inhibition of G9A/GLP (G9A-like protein), the primary enzymes responsible for H3K9me2, significantly potentiated inflammation-induced gene induction in vitro and in vivo without altering NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling. Rather, reduced G9A/GLP activity enhanced inflammation-induced binding of transcription factors NFκB-p65 and cJUN to H3K9me2 target gene promoters MMP3 and IL6. Taken together, these results suggest that promoter-associated H3K9me2 directly attenuates the induction of target genes in response to inflammation in human VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates H3K9me2 in regulating the proinflammatory VSMC phenotype. Our findings suggest that reduced H3K9me2 in disease enhance binding of NFκB and AP-1 (activator protein-1) transcription factors at specific inflammation-responsive genes to augment proinflammatory stimuli in VSMC. Therefore, H3K9me2-regulation could be targeted clinically to limit expression of MMPs and IL6, which are induced in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Harman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.D., P.F.-P.)
| | - Joel Chappell
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Benjamin G. Stokell
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.G.S.)
| | - Amanda Dalby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Alison Finigan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | | | - Annabel L. Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Matthew D. Worssam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Ralitsa R. Madsen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Elena Loche
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Anna Uryga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Martin R. Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Helle F. Jørgensen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
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Lutgens E. Epigenetic Quenching of VSMC Inflammation in CVD: H3K9me2 in Control. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2199-2200. [PMID: 31644350 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lutgens
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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31
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Harman JL, Jørgensen HF. The role of smooth muscle cells in plaque stability: Therapeutic targeting potential. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3741-3753. [PMID: 31254285 PMCID: PMC6780045 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Events responsible for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are predominantly caused by rupture of "vulnerable" atherosclerotic lesions. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in atherogenesis and have historically been considered beneficial for plaque stability. VSMCs constitute the main cellular component of the protective fibrous cap within lesions and are responsible for synthesising strength-giving extracellular matrix components. However, lineage-tracing experiments in mouse models of atherosclerosis have shown that, in addition to the fibrous cap, VSMCs also give rise to many of the cell types found within the plaque core. In particular, VSMCs generate a substantial fraction of lipid-laden foam cells, and VSMC-derived cells expressing markers of macrophages, osteochondrocyte, and mesenchymal stem cells have been observed within lesions. Here, we review recent studies that have changed our perspective on VSMC function in atherosclerosis and discuss how VSMCs could be targeted to increase plaque stability.
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32
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Ye J, Wu Y, Guo R, Zeng W, Duan Y, Yang Z, Yang L. miR-221 Alleviates the Ox-LDL-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Response via the Inhibition of DNMT3b-Mediated NCoR Promoter Methylation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4530534. [PMID: 31565033 PMCID: PMC6745124 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4530534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and macrophages play a key role in all phases of AS. Recent studies have shown that miR-221 is a biomarker for AS and stroke; however, the role and mechanism of miR-221 in AS are unclear. Herein, we found that miR-221 and NCoR levels were decreased in ox-LDL-treated THP-1-derived macrophages. In contrast, DNMT3b, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels were increased under these conditions. Upregulation of miR-221 or NCoR could partially inhibit ox-LDL-induced IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Further studies showed that DNMT3b was a target of miR-221. DNMT3b inhibition also suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α expression and increased NCoR expression in the presence of ox-LDL. Moreover, DNMT3b was involved in ox-LDL-induced DNA methylation in the promoter region of NCoR. These findings suggest that miR-221 suppresses ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses via suppressing DNMT3b-mediated DNA methylation in the promoter region of NCoR. These results provide a rationale for using intracellular miR-211 as a possible antiatherosclerotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Ye
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yaxi Wu
- Institution of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Wenjun Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yanan Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, 920 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yunnan 650032, China
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33
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Promising Directions in Atherosclerosis Treatment Based on Epigenetic Regulation Using MicroRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060226. [PMID: 31212708 PMCID: PMC6627269 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is a chronic inflammatory disease of the middle and large arteries caused by a disruption of lipid metabolism. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), was investigated for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Regulation of the expression of noncoding RNA targets the constituent element of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Currently, miRNA therapy commonly employs miRNA antagonists and mimic compounds. In this review, attention is focused on approaches to correcting molecular disorders based on the genetic regulation of the transcription of key genes responsible for the development of atherosclerosis. Promising technologies were considered for the treatment of atherosclerosis, and examples are given for technologies that have been shown to be effective in clinical trials.
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Xu S, Kamato D, Little PJ, Nakagawa S, Pelisek J, Jin ZG. Targeting epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 196:15-43. [PMID: 30439455 PMCID: PMC6450782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the principal cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, is a pathological disease characterized by fibro-proliferation, chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and immune disorder in the vessel wall. As the atheromatous plaques develop into advanced stage, the vulnerable plaques are prone to rupture, which causes acute cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Emerging evidence has suggested that atherosclerosis is also an epigenetic disease with the interplay of multiple epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic basis of atherosclerosis has transformed our knowledge of epigenetics from an important biological phenomenon to a burgeoning field in cardiovascular research. Here, we provide a systematic and up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of three distinct but interrelated epigenetic processes (including DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and non-coding RNAs), in atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. Mechanistic and conceptual advances in understanding the biological roles of various epigenetic modifiers in regulating gene expression and functions of endothelial cells (vascular homeostasis, leukocyte adhesion, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and mechanotransduction), smooth muscle cells (proliferation, migration, inflammation, hypertrophy, and phenotypic switch), and macrophages (differentiation, inflammation, foam cell formation, and polarization) are discussed. The inherently dynamic nature and reversibility of epigenetic regulation, enables the possibility of epigenetic therapy by targeting epigenetic "writers", "readers", and "erasers". Several Food Drug Administration-approved small-molecule epigenetic drugs show promise in pre-clinical studies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic implications and challenges for future research involving cardiovascular epigenetics, with an aim to provide a translational perspective for identifying novel biomarkers of atherosclerosis, and transforming precision cardiovascular research and disease therapy in modern era of epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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35
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Esse R, Barroso M, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R. The Contribution of Homocysteine Metabolism Disruption to Endothelial Dysfunction: State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E867. [PMID: 30781581 PMCID: PMC6412520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine. Hcy is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the molecular basis of these associations remains elusive. The impairment of endothelial function, a key initial event in the setting of atherosclerosis and CVD, is recurrently observed in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Various observations may explain the vascular toxicity associated with HHcy. For instance, Hcy interferes with the production of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous master regulator of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, Hcy deregulates the signaling pathways associated with another essential endothelial gasotransmitter: hydrogen sulfide. Hcy also mediates the loss of critical endothelial antioxidant systems and increases the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) yielding oxidative stress. ROS disturb lipoprotein metabolism, contributing to the growth of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Moreover, excess Hcy maybe be indirectly incorporated into proteins, a process referred to as protein N-homocysteinylation, inducing vascular damage. Lastly, cellular hypomethylation caused by build-up of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) also contributes to the molecular basis of Hcy-induced vascular toxicity, a mechanism that has merited our attention in particular. AdoHcy is the metabolic precursor of Hcy, which accumulates in the setting of HHcy and is a negative regulator of most cell methyltransferases. In this review, we examine the biosynthesis and catabolism of Hcy and critically revise recent findings linking disruption of this metabolism and endothelial dysfunction, emphasizing the impact of HHcy on endothelial cell methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esse
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Madalena Barroso
- University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Castro
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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36
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Yin C, Ackermann S, Ma Z, Mohanta SK, Zhang C, Li Y, Nietzsche S, Westermann M, Peng L, Hu D, Bontha SV, Srikakulapu P, Beer M, Megens RTA, Steffens S, Hildner M, Halder LD, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J, Herms J, Roeber S, Arzberger T, Borodovsky A, Habenicht L, Binder CJ, Weber C, Zipfel PF, Skerka C, Habenicht AJR. ApoE attenuates unresolvable inflammation by complex formation with activated C1q. Nat Med 2019; 25:496-506. [PMID: 30692699 PMCID: PMC6420126 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ApoE has been implicated in Alzheimer´s disease, atherosclerosis,
and other unresolvable inflammatory conditions but a common mechanism of action
remains elusive. We found in ApoE-deficient mice that oxidized lipids activated
the classical complement cascade (CCC) resulting in leukocyte infiltration of
the choroid plexus (ChP). All human ApoE isoforms attenuated CCC activity via
high-affinity binding to the activated CCC-initiating C1q protein
(KD~140-580 pM) in vitro; and C1q-ApoE
complexes emerged as markers for ongoing complement activity of diseased ChPs,
Aβ plaques, and atherosclerosis in vivo. C1q-ApoE
complexes in human ChPs, Aβ plaques, and arteries correlated with
cognitive decline and atherosclerosis, respectively. Treatment with siRNA
against C5 which is formed by all complement pathways, attenuated murine ChP
inflammation, Aβ-associated microglia accumulation, and atherosclerosis.
Thus, ApoE is a direct checkpoint inhibitor of unresolvable inflammation and
reducing C5 attenuates disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Ackermann
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhe Ma
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo K Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chuankai Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael Beer
- Department of Information Technology, University Clinic Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Hildner
- Institute for Anatomy II, University Clinic Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Luke D Halder
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Livia Habenicht
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter F Zipfel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Friedrich-Schiller-University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Skerka
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas J R Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Tibaut M, Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Sinkovič A, Valentova V, Filipova S, Gazdikova K, Gaspar L, Mozos I, Egom EE, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Petrovic D. Markers of Atherosclerosis: Part 2 - Genetic and Imaging Markers. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 28:678-689. [PMID: 30318392 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This is Part 2 of a two-part review summarising current knowledge on biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Part 1 addressed serological biomarkers. Here, in part 2 we address genetic and imaging markers, and other developments in predicting risk. Further improvements in risk stratification are expected with the addition of genetic risk scores. In addition to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), recent advances in epigenetics offer DNA methylation profiles, histone chemical modifications, and micro-RNAs as other promising indicators of atherosclerosis. Imaging biomarkers are better studied and already have a higher degree of clinical applicability in cardiovascular (CV) event prediction and detection of preclinical atherosclerosis. With new methodologies, such as proteomics and metabolomics, discoveries of new clinically applicable biomarkers are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Tibaut
- General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andreja Sinkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Slavomira Filipova
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada; Department of Cardiology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Incorporating the National Children Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Petrovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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38
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Balakrishnan A, Guruprasad KP, Satyamoorthy K, Joshi MB. Interleukin-6 determines protein stabilization of DNA methyltransferases and alters DNA promoter methylation of genes associated with insulin signaling and angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1143-1158. [PMID: 29955086 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) display vascular insulin resistance and decreased nitric oxide production leading to vasoconstriction and atherosclerosis. Soluble factors such as pro-inflammatory molecules, and various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated to induce insulin resistance in vascular endothelial cells. Epigenetic mechanisms such as altered promoter DNA methylation have been demonstrated in development and progression of metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. However, underlying precise epigenetic mechanisms regulating cross talk between insulin signaling genes and inflammation in vascular cells remains to be fully understood. Human endothelial cells when (a) treated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin together, (b) pretreated with IL-6, and (c) under hyperinsulinemic conditions led to a state of vascular insulin resistance resulting in decreased Akt/eNOS activation and subsequent stabilization of STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-6 abrogated insulin effects on angiogenesis in 3D spheroid and matrigel assays. IL-6-induced insulin resistance was associated with decreased activity of DNA methyltransferase isoforms and global DNA hypomethylation, which inversely correlated with S-phase of cell cycle. CpG microarray analysis in IL-6 treated endothelial cells revealed promoters associated hypo- and hypermethylation of 199 and 98 genes respectively. Promoter DNA methylation status of genes associated with insulin signaling and angiogenesis such as RPS6KA2, PIK3R2, FOXD3, EXOC7, MAP3K8, ITPKB, EPHA6, IGF1R, and FOXC2 were validated by bisulfite DNA sequencing. Concentration and time-dependent analysis revealed that IL-6 reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3B but not DNMT3A protein levels. Our data indicate a causal link between IL-6-induced changes in global and promoter-specific DNA methylation, due to reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3B protein levels leading to altered expression of critical genes involved in insulin signaling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswath Balakrishnan
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Manjunath B Joshi
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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39
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Xu S, Xu Y, Yin M, Zhang S, Liu P, Koroleva M, Si S, Little PJ, Pelisek J, Jin ZG. Flow-dependent epigenetic regulation of IGFBP5 expression by H3K27me3 contributes to endothelial anti-inflammatory effects. Theranostics 2018; 8:3007-3021. [PMID: 29896299 PMCID: PMC5996356 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and epigenetic disease that is influenced by different patterns of blood flow. However, the epigenetic mechanism whereby atheroprotective flow controls endothelial gene programming remains elusive. Here, we investigated the possibility that flow alters endothelial gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Methods: En face staining and western blot were used to detect protein expression. Real-time PCR was used to determine relative gene expression. RNA-sequencing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with siRNA of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) or laminar flow was used for transcriptional profiling. Results: We found that trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a repressive epigenetic mark that orchestrates gene repression, was reduced in laminar flow areas of mouse aorta and flow-treated human endothelial cells. The decrease of H3K27me3 paralleled a reduction in the epigenetic "writer"-EZH2, the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Moreover, laminar flow decreased expression of EZH2 via mechanosensitive miR101. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling studies in endothelial cells treated with EZH2 siRNA and flow revealed the upregulation of novel mechanosensitive gene IGFBP5 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5), which is epigenetically silenced by H3K27me3. Functionally, inhibition of H3K27me3 by EZH2 siRNA or GSK126 (a specific EZH2 inhibitor) reduced H3K27me3 levels and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Adenoviral overexpression of IGFBP5 also recapitulated the anti-inflammatory effects of H3K27me3 inhibition. More importantly, we observed EZH2 upregulation, and IGFBP5 downregulation, in advanced atherosclerotic plaques from human patients. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings reveal that atheroprotective flow reduces H3K27me3 as a chromatin-based mechanism to augment the expression of genes that confer an anti-inflammatory response in the endothelium. Our study exemplifies flow-dependent epigenetic regulation of endothelial gene expression, and also suggests that targeting the EZH2/H3K27me3/IGFBP5 pathway may offer novel therapeutics for inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yanni Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meimei Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marina Koroleva
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shuyi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peter J. Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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Cardelli M. The epigenetic alterations of endogenous retroelements in aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:30-46. [PMID: 29458070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous retroelements, transposons that mobilize through RNA intermediates, include some of the most abundant repetitive sequences of the human genome, such as Alu and LINE-1 sequences, and human endogenous retroviruses. Recent discoveries demonstrate that these mobile genetic elements not only act as intragenomic parasites, but also exert regulatory roles in living cells. The risk of genomic instability represented by endogenous retroelements is normally counteracted by a series of epigenetic control mechanisms which include, among the most important, CpG DNA methylation. Indeed, most of the genomic CpG sites subjected to DNA methylation in the nuclear DNA are carried by these repetitive elements. As other parts of the genome, endogenous retroelements and other transposable elements are subjected to deep epigenetic alterations during aging, repeatedly observed in the context of organismal and cellular senescence, in human and other species. This review summarizes the current status of knowledge about the epigenetic alterations occurring in this large, non-genic portion of the genome in aging and age-related conditions, with a focus on the causes and the possible functional consequences of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
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41
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Ma SC, Zhang HP, Jiao Y, Wang YH, Zhang H, Yang XL, Yang AN, Jiang YD. Homocysteine-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells occurs via PTEN hypermethylation and is mitigated by Resveratrol. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5312-5319. [PMID: 29393420 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a primary pathological event in the development of atherosclerosis (AS), and the presence of homocysteine (Hcy) acts as an independent risk factor for AS. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN), is endogenously expressed in VSMCs and induces multiple signaling networks involved in cell proliferation, survival and inflammation, however, the specific role of PTEN is still unknown. The present study detected the proliferation ratio of VSMCs following treatment with Hcy and Resveratrol (RSV). In the 100 µM Hcy group, the proliferation ratio increased, and treatment with RSV decreased the proliferation ratio induced by Hcy. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyze PTEN expression, RSV treatment was associated with decreased PTEN expression levels in VSMCs. PTEN levels were decreased in Hcy treated cells, and the proliferation ratio of VSMCs were increased following treated with Hcy. To study the mechanism of regulation of PTEN by Hcy, the present study detected PTEN methylation levels in VSMCs, and PTEN DNA methylation levels were demonstrated to be increased in the 100 µM Hcy group, whereas treatment with RSV decreased the methylation status. DNA methyltransferase 1 is important role in the regulation of PTEN methylation. Overall, Hcy impacts the methylation status of PTEN, which is involved in cell proliferation, and induces the proliferation of VSMCs. This effect is alleviated by treatment with RSV, which exhibits an antagonistic mechanism against Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chao Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Department of Infectious Disease, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - An-Ning Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Deng Jiang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Zhang YP, Huang YT, Huang TS, Pang W, Zhu JJ, Liu YF, Tang RZ, Zhao CR, Yao WJ, Li YS, Chien S, Zhou J. The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and DNA methyltransferase 1 axis mediates vascular endothelial dysfunction in response to disturbed flow. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14996. [PMID: 29118325 PMCID: PMC5678172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The earliest atherosclerotic lesions preferentially develop in arterial regions experienced disturbed blood flow, which induces endothelial expression of pro-atherogenic genes and the subsequent endothelial dysfunction. Our previous study has demonstrated an up-regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and a global hypermethylation in vascular endothelium subjected to disturbed flow. Here, we determined that DNMT1-specific inhibition in arterial wall ameliorates the disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis through, at least in part, targeting cell cycle regulator cyclin A and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). We identified the signaling pathways mediating the flow-induction of DNMT1. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) suppressed the DNMT1 up-regulation both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate that disturbed flow influences endothelial function and induces atherosclerosis in an mTOR/DNMT1-dependent manner. The conclusions obtained from this study might facilitate further evaluation of the epigenetic regulation of endothelial function during the pathological development of atherosclerosis and offer novel prevention and therapeutic targets of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Tse-Shun Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wei Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Feng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Run-Ze Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Rong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Juan Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
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Ma SC, Cao JC, Zhang HP, Jiao Y, Zhang H, He YY, Wang YH, Yang XL, Yang AN, Tian J, Zhang MH, Yang XM, Lu GJ, Jin SJ, Jia YX, Jiang YD. Aberrant promoter methylation of multiple genes in VSMC proliferation induced by Hcy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7775-7783. [PMID: 28944836 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a primary pathological event in atherosclerosis (AS), and homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for AS. However, the underlying mechanisms are still lagging. Studies have used the combination of methylation of promoters of multiple genes to diagnose tumors, thus the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of methylation status of several genes in VSMCs treated with Hcy. CpG islands were identified in the promoters of platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF), p53, phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2). Hypomethylation was observed to occur in the promoter region of PDGF, hypermethylation in p53, PTEN and MFN2, and hypomethylation in two global methylation indicators, aluminium (Alu) and long interspersed nucleotide element‑1 (Line‑1). This was accompanied by an increase in the expression of PDGF, and reductions of p53, PTEN and MFN2, both in mRNA and protein levels. An elevation of S‑adenosylmethionine (SAM) and a reduction of S‑adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and the SAM/SAH ratio were also identified. In conclusion, Hcy impacted methylation the of AS‑associated genes and global methylation status that mediate the cell proliferation, which may be a character of VSMCs treated with Hcy. The data provided evidence for mechanisms of VSMCs proliferation in AS induced by Hcy and may provide a new perspective for AS induced by Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Cheng Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Department of Infectious Disease, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - An-Ning Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jue Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Jun Lu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ju Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Xia Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Deng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Kietzmann T, Petry A, Shvetsova A, Gerhold JM, Görlach A. The epigenetic landscape related to reactive oxygen species formation in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1533-1554. [PMID: 28332701 PMCID: PMC5446579 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as damaging molecules but also represent central hubs in cellular signalling networks. Increasing evidence indicates that ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanisms and consequences of pathophysiologically elevated ROS in the cardiovascular system are still not completely resolved. More recently, alterations of the epigenetic landscape, which can affect DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, ATP-dependent alterations to chromatin and non-coding RNA transcripts, have been considered to be of increasing importance in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. While it has long been accepted that epigenetic changes are imprinted during development or even inherited and are not changed after reaching the lineage-specific expression profile, it becomes more and more clear that epigenetic modifications are highly dynamic. Thus, they might provide an important link between the actions of ROS and cardiovascular diseases. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of the cardiovascular system. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Antonina Shvetsova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Joachim M Gerhold
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric CardiologyGerman Heart Center Munich at the TU MunichMunichGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
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Barroso M, Handy DE, Castro R. The Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypomethylation. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817698994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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46
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Involvement of histone methylation in macrophage apoptosis and unstable plaque formation in methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemic ApoE -/- mice. Life Sci 2017; 173:135-144. [PMID: 28188730 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis and promotes unstable plaque formation. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis induced by Hhcy. However, the exact mechanism is still undefined. Lesional apoptotic cells and necrotic core formation contribute greatly to the progression of plaque. The present study sought to determine whether modification of histone methylation is involved in macrophage apoptosis and unstable plaque formation in the condition of Hhcy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The unstable plaque formation, lesional apoptotic cells and status of histone methylation were monitored in the aortas of Hhcy ApoE-/- mice induced by a high-methionine (HM) diet for 20weeks. Involvement of histone methylation in macrophage apoptosis and foam cell formation were assessed in macrophage Raw 264.7 cells after being challenged with homocysteine alone or in combination with the histone methylation inhibitor BIX 01294. KEY FINDINGS The unstable plaque formation and lesion apoptotic cells are increased in ApoE-/- mice supplemented with high-methionine (HM), accompanied with a decreased expression of histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation. Hhcy increases the apoptosis of macrophages and inhibits the histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation, as well as the expression of histone methyltransferase G9a in vitro. Inhibition of histone methylation by BIX01294 enhances macrophage apoptosis and foam cell formation in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that Hhcy promotes the progression of atherosclerosis via macrophage apoptosis. Histone methylation might be involved in macrophage apoptosis and unstable plaque formation in methionine induced hyperhomocysteinemic ApoE-/- mice.
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Hypoxia-Inducible Histone Lysine Demethylases: Impact on the Aging Process and Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2016; 7:180-200. [PMID: 27114850 PMCID: PMC4809609 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an environmental stress at high altitude and underground conditions but it is also present in many chronic age-related diseases, where blood flow into tissues is impaired. The oxygen-sensing system stimulates gene expression protecting tissues against hypoxic insults. Hypoxia stabilizes the expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α), which controls the expression of hundreds of survival genes related to e.g. enhanced energy metabolism and autophagy. Moreover, many stress-related signaling mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and energy metabolic disturbances, as well as the signaling cascades via ceramide, mTOR, NF-κB, and TGF-β pathways, can also induce the expression of HIF-1α protein to facilitate cell survival in normoxia. Hypoxia is linked to prominent epigenetic changes in chromatin landscape. Screening studies have indicated that the stabilization of HIF-1α increases the expression of distinct histone lysine demethylases (KDM). HIF-1α stimulates the expression of KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, and KDM6B, which enhance gene transcription by demethylating H3K9 and H3K27 sites (repressive epigenetic marks). In addition, HIF-1α induces the expression of KDM2B and KDM5B, which repress transcription by demethylating H3K4me2,3 sites (activating marks). Hypoxia-inducible KDMs support locally the gene transcription induced by HIF-1α, although they can also control genome-wide chromatin landscape, especially KDMs which demethylate H3K9 and H3K27 sites. These epigenetic marks have important role in the control of heterochromatin segments and 3D folding of chromosomes, as well as the genetic loci regulating cell type commitment, proliferation, and cellular senescence, e.g. the INK4 box. A chronic stimulation of HIF-1α can provoke tissue fibrosis and cellular senescence, which both are increasingly present with aging and age-related diseases. We will review the regulation of HIF-1α-dependent induction of KDMs and clarify their role in pathological processes emphasizing that long-term stress-related insults can impair the maintenance of chromatin landscape and provoke cellular senescence and tissue fibrosis associated with aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Lin X, Zhang W, Lu Q, Lei X, Wang T, Han X, Ma A. Effect of MTHFR Gene Polymorphism Impact on Atherosclerosis via Genome-Wide Methylation. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:341-5. [PMID: 26828698 PMCID: PMC4743680 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis seriously threats human health. Homocysteine is an independent risk factor closely related to DNA methylation. MTHFR C667T loci polymorphism is closely associated with homocysteine level. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among MTHFR C667T loci polymorphism, genome-wide methylation, and atherosclerosis. MATERIAL/METHODS Blood sample was collected from 105 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 105 healthy controls. Pyrosequencing methylation was used to detect LINE-1 methylation level. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to test MTHFR. RESULTS LINE-1 methylation level in the patient group was significantly lower than in the controls (t=5.007, P<0.001). MTHFR C667T genotype distribution presented marked differences in the 2 groups. TT genotype carriers had significantly increased risk of atherosclerosis (OR=3.56, P=0.009). Three different genotypes of MTHFR C667T loci showed different LINE-1 methylation level between the 2 groups (P<0.01). LINE-1 methylation level in TT and CT genotype carriers was obviously lower than in CC genotype carriers (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS MTHFR C667T loci polymorphism may affect atherosclerosis by regulating genome methylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanxi Province; Institute of Cardiovascular Channelopathy; Key Laboratory of Environment & Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanxi Province; Institute of Cardiovascular Channelopathy; Key Laboratory of Environment & Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanxi Province; Institute of Cardiovascular Channelopathy; Key Laboratory of Environment & Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xinjun Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanxi Province; Institute of Cardiovascular Channelopathy; Key Laboratory of Environment & Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanxi Province; Institute of Cardiovascular Channelopathy; Key Laboratory of Environment & Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xuanmao Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanxi Province; Institute of Cardiovascular Channelopathy; Key Laboratory of Environment & Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shanxi, P.R. China
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49
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Han Y, Tanios F, Reeps C, Zhang J, Schwamborn K, Eckstein HH, Zernecke A, Pelisek J. Histone acetylation and histone acetyltransferases show significant alterations in human abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:3. [PMID: 26767057 PMCID: PMC4711037 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic modifications may play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The aim of the study was therefore to investigate histone acetylation and expression of corresponding lysine [K] histone acetyltransferases (KATs) in AAA. Results A comparative study of AAA tissue samples (n = 37, open surgical intervention) and healthy aortae (n = 12, trauma surgery) was performed using quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot. Expression of the KAT families GNAT (KAT2A, KAT2B), p300/CBP (KAT3A, KAT3B), and MYST (KAT5, KAT6A, KAT6B, KAT7, KAT8) was significantly higher in AAA than in controls (P ≤ 0.019). Highest expression was observed for KAT2B, KAT3A, KAT3B, and KAT6B (P ≤ 0.007). Expression of KAT2B significantly correlated with KAT3A, KAT3B, and KAT6B (r = 0.705, 0.564, and 0.528, respectively, P < 0.001), and KAT6B with KAT3A, KAT3B, and KAT6A (r = 0.407, 0.500, and 0.531, respectively, P < 0.05). Localization of highly expressed KAT2B, KAT3B, and KAT6B was further characterized by immunostaining. Significant correlations were observed between KAT2B with endothelial cells (ECs) (r = 0.486, P < 0.01), KAT3B with T cells and macrophages, (r = 0.421 and r = 0.351, respectively, P < 0.05), KAT6A with intramural ECs (r = 0.541, P < 0.001) and with a contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (r = 0.425, P < 0.01), and KAT6B with T cells (r = 0.553, P < 0.001). Furthermore, KAT2B was associated with AAA diameter (r = 0.382, P < 0.05), and KAT3B, KAT6A, and KAT6B correlated negatively with blood urea nitrogen (r = −0.403, −0.408, −0.478, P < 0.05). In addtion, acetylation of the histone substrates H3K9, H3K18 and H3K14 was increased in AAA compared to control aortae. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that aberrant epigenetic modifications such as changes in the expression of KATs and acetylation of corresponding histones are present in AAA. These findings may provide new insight in the pathomechanism of AAA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0169-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Han
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Department of Vascular and Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fadwa Tanios
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery at the University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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