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Taleb S. Are tryptophan metabolites new predictive biomarkers for CVD? Atherosclerosis 2023; 387:117385. [PMID: 38016872 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Taleb
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Hu Y, Li J, Wang B, Zhu L, Li Y, Ivey KL, Lee KH, Eliassen AH, Chan A, Huttenhower C, Hu FB, Qi Q, Rimm EB, Sun Q. Interplay between diet, circulating indolepropionate concentrations and cardiometabolic health in US populations. Gut 2023; 72:2260-2271. [PMID: 37739776 PMCID: PMC10841831 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify indolepropionate (IPA)-predicting gut microbiota species, investigate potential diet-microbiota interactions, and examine the prospective associations of circulating IPA concentrations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in free-living individuals. DESIGN We included 287 men from the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study, a substudy of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), who provided up to two pairs of faecal samples and two blood samples. Diet was assessed using 7-day diet records. Associations between plasma concentrations of tryptophan metabolites and T2D CHD risk were examined in 13 032 participants from Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII and HPFS. RESULTS We identified 17 microbial species whose abundance was significantly associated with plasma IPA concentrations. A significant association between higher tryptophan intake and higher IPA concentrations was only observed among men who had higher fibre intake and a higher microbial species score consisting of the 17 species (p-interaction<0.01). Dietary and plasma concentrations of tryptophan and most kynurenine pathway metabolites were positively associated with T2D risk (HRQ5 vs Q1 ranged from 1.17 to 1.46) while a significant inverse association was found for IPA (HRQ5 vs Q1 (95% CI) 0.70 (0.56 to 0.88)). No associations were found in CHD for any plasma tryptophan metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Specific microbial species and dietary fibre jointly predicted significantly higher circulating IPA concentrations at higher tryptophan intake. Dietary and plasma tryptophan, as well as its kynurenine pathway metabolites, demonstrated divergent associations from those for IPA, which was significantly predictive of lower risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biqi Wang
- Department of Medicine, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerry L Ivey
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard University T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard University T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Flinders University College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Önder C, Akdoğan N, Kurgan Ş, Balci N, Serdar CC, Serdar MA, Günhan M. Does smoking influence tryptophan metabolism in periodontal inflammation? A cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1041-1051. [PMID: 37526075 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the effects of smoking and periodontal inflammation on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism as well as the correlation between these findings and clinical periodontal parameters. BACKGROUND It has been shown that the tryptophan amino acid's primary catabolic pathway, the kynurenine pathway (KP), may serve as a key biomarker for periodontal disease. Although there are studies investigating the effect of smoking on KYN-TRP metabolism, the effect of smoking on periodontal disease through KP has not been revealed so far. METHODS The salivary and serum samples were gathered from 24 nonsmoker (NS-P) stage III, grade B generalized periodontitis and 22 smoker (S-P) stage III, grade C generalized periodontitis patients, in addition to 24 nonsmoker (NS-C) and 24 smoker (S-C) periodontally healthy control individuals. Saliva and serum IL-6, kynurenine (KYN), and tryptophan (TRP) values, and KYN/TRP ratio were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. RESULTS Salivary TRP values were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups than control groups (p < .05). Salivary KYN values were highest in NS-P group (p < .05). Salivary KYN values did not differ significantly between periodontitis groups (p = .84). Salivary KYN/TRP ratio was significantly lower in NS-P group compared to other groups (p < .001). Serum TRP value is higher in S-P group than other groups; however, significant difference was found in S-C group (p < .05). Serum KYN values were significantly lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Serum KYN/TRP ratio is higher in NS-P group. NS-P group has the highest salivary IL-6 levels, NS-C group has the lowest values (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our results point out that smoking exacerbates inflammation in the periodontium and increases TRP destruction and decreases IDO activity by suppressing KP in serum. As a result, kynurenine and its metabolites may be significant biomarkers in the link between smoking and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Önder
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihan Akdoğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şivge Kurgan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Ceran Serdar
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhittin A Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Günhan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Leveque C, Mrakic Sposta S, Theunissen S, Germonpré P, Lambrechts K, Vezzoli A, Gussoni M, Levenez M, Lafère P, Guerrero F, Balestra C. Oxidative Stress Response Kinetics after 60 Minutes at Different Levels (10% or 15%) of Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10188. [PMID: 37373334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic responses of hypoxic breathing for 1 h to inspired fractions of 10% and 15% oxygen were investigated. To this end, 14 healthy nonsmoking subjects (6 females and 8 males, age: 32.2 ± 13.3 years old (mean ± SD), height: 169.1 ± 9.9 cm, and weight: 61.6 ± 16.2 kg) volunteered for the study. Blood samples were taken before, and at 30 min, 2 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h after a 1 h hypoxic exposure. The level of oxidative stress was evaluated by considering reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), lipid peroxidation, and immune-inflammation by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neopterin, while antioxidant systems were observed in terms of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and urates. Hypoxia abruptly and rapidly increased ROS, while TAC showed a U-shape pattern, with a nadir between 30 min and 2 h. The regulation of ROS and NOx could be explained by the antioxidant action of uric acid and creatinine. The kinetics of ROS allowed for the stimulation of the immune system translated by an increase in neopterin, IL-6, and NOx. This study provides insights into the mechanisms through which acute hypoxia affects various bodily functions and how the body sets up the protective mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Leveque
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 93837 Brest, France
| | - Simona Mrakic Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Sigrid Theunissen
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Germonpré
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Hyperbaric Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kate Lambrechts
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Maristella Gussoni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta", National Research Council (SCITEC-CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Levenez
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lafère
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Guerrero
- Laboratoire ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 93837 Brest, France
| | - Costantino Balestra
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Motor Sciences Department, Physical Activity Teaching Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Midttun Ø, Ulvik A, Meyer K, Zahed H, Giles GG, Manjer J, Sandsveden M, Langhammer A, Sørgjerd EP, Behndig AF, Johansson M, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Chen C, Prentice R, Stevens VL, Wang Y, Le Marchand L, Weinstein SJ, Cai Q, Arslan AA, Chen Y, Shu XO, Zheng W, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Visvanathan K, Sesso HD, Zhang X, Gaziano JM, Fanidi A, Robbins HA, Brennan P, Johansson M, Ueland PM. A cross-sectional study of inflammatory markers as determinants of circulating kynurenines in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1011. [PMID: 36653422 PMCID: PMC9849351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of metabolites (collectively called kynurenines) in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism increase during inflammation, particularly in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Neopterin and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) are IFN-γ induced inflammatory markers, and together with C-reactive protein (CRP) and kynurenines they are associated with various diseases, but comprehensive data on the strength of associations of inflammatory markers with circulating concentrations of kynurenines are lacking. We measured circulating concentrations of neopterin, CRP, tryptophan and seven kynurenines in 5314 controls from 20 cohorts in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). The associations of neopterin, KTR and CRP with kynurenines were investigated using regression models. In mixed models, one standard deviation (SD) higher KTR was associated with a 0.46 SD higher quinolinic acid (QA), and 0.31 SD higher 3-hydroxykynurenine (HK). One SD higher neopterin was associated with 0.48, 0.44, 0.36 and 0.28 SD higher KTR, QA, kynurenine and HK, respectively. KTR and neopterin respectively explained 24.1% and 16.7% of the variation in QA, and 11.4% and 7.5% of HK. CRP was only weakly associated with kynurenines in regression models. In summary, QA was the metabolite that was most strongly associated with the inflammatory markers. In general, the inflammatory markers were most strongly related to metabolites located along the tryptophan-NAD axis, which may support suggestions of increased production of NAD from tryptophan during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Midttun
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus Meyer
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hana Zahed
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malte Sandsveden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Annelie F Behndig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Ying Wang
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Per M Ueland
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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Liu S, Li C, Chu M, Zhang W, Wang W, Wang Y, Guo X, Deng F. Associations of forest negative air ions exposure with cardiac autonomic nervous function and the related metabolic linkages: A repeated-measure panel study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158019. [PMID: 35973547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest environment has many health benefits, and negative air ions (NAI) is one of the major forest environmental factors. Many studies have explored the effect of forest environment on cardiac autonomic nervous function, while forest NAI in the among function and the underlying mechanism still remain unclear. To explore the associations and molecular linkages between short-term exposure to forest NAI and heart rate variability (HRV), a repeated-measure panel study was conducted among 31 healthy adults. Participants were randomly selected to stay in a forest park for 3 days and 2 nights. Individual exposures including NAI were monitored simultaneously and HRV indices were measured repeatedly at the follow-up period. Urine samples were collected for non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Mixed-effect models were adopted to evaluate associations among NAI, HRV indices and metabolites. The median of NAI concentration was 68.11 (138.20) cm-3 during the study period. Short-term exposure to forest NAI was associated with the ameliorative HRV indices, especially the excitatory parasympathetic nerve. For instance, per interquartile range increase of 5-min moving average of NAI was associated with 9.99 % (95%CI: 8.95 %, 11.03 %) increase of power in high frequency. Eight metabolites were associated with NAI exposure. The down-regulated tyrosine metabolism was firstly observed, followed by other amino acid metabolic alterations. The NAI-related metabolic changes reflect the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. HRV indices were associated with 25 metabolites, mainly including arginine, proline and histidine metabolism. Short-term exposure to forest NAI is beneficial to HRV, especially to the parasympathetic nerve activity, by successively disturbing different metabolic pathways which mainly reflect the increased anti-inflammation and the reduced inflammation. The results will provide epidemiological evidences for developing forest therapy and improving cardiac autonomic nervous function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengtian Chu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yazheng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Ren R, Fang Y, Sherchan P, Lu Q, Lenahan C, Zhang JH, Zhang J, Tang J. Kynurenine/Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates Mitochondria-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1111-1129. [PMID: 35481813 PMCID: PMC9784632 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play crucial roles in the pathological processes of secondary injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), together with its endogenous ligand kynurenine, is known to mediate free radical accumulation and neuronal excitotoxicity in central nervous systems. Herein, we investigate the pathological roles of kynurenine/AHR after ICH. Results: Endogenous AHR knockout alleviated reactive oxygen species accumulation and neuronal apoptosis in ipsilateral hemisphere at 48 h after ICH in mice. The ICH insult resulted in an increase of total and nucleus AHR protein levels and AHR transcriptional activity. Inhibition of AHR provided both short- and long- term neurological benefits by attenuating mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after ICH in mice. RhoA-Bax signaling activated mitochondrial death pathway and participated in deleterious actions of AHR. Finally, we reported that exogenous kynurenine aggravated AHR activation and mediated the brain mentioned earlier. Male animals were used in the experiments. Innovation: We show for the first time that kynurenine/AHR mediates mitochondria death and free radical accumulation, at least partially via the RhoA/Bax signaling pathway. Pharmacological antagonists of AHR and kynurenine may ameliorate neurobehavioral function and improve the prognosis of patients with ICH. Conclusion: Kynurenine/AHR may serve as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and neuronal cells impairment in patients with ICH. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1111-1129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reng Ren
- Department of Neurointensive Care Unit and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurointensive Care Unit and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Tian X, Wu Y, Duan C, Zhou X, Li Y, Zheng J, Lai W, Zhang S, Cao L, Zhong S. Tryptophan was metabolized into beneficial metabolites against coronary heart disease or prevented from producing harmful metabolites by the in vitro drug screening model based on Clostridium sporogenes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1013973. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1013973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study of 2,130 Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), we found that tryptophan (TRP) metabolites contributed to elevated risks of death. Many TRP-derived metabolites require the participation of intestinal bacteria to produce, and they play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as CHD. So it is necessary to metabolize TRP into beneficial metabolites against CHD or prevent the production of harmful metabolites through external intervention. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) may be a key point of gut microbiota that causes TRP metabolism disorder and affects major adverse cardiovascular events in CHD. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a method based on in vitro culture bacteria to evaluate the effects of IBA on specific microbial metabolites quickly. We detected the concentrations of TRP and its metabolites in 11 bacterial strains isolated from feces using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and selected Clostridium sporogenes as the model strain. Then, IBA was used in our model to explore its effect on TRP metabolism. Results demonstrated that the optimal culture conditions of C. sporogenes were as follows: initial pH, 6.8; culture temperature, 37°C; and inoculum amount, 2%. Furthermore, we found that IBA increases the production of TRP and 5-HIAA by intervening TRP metabolism, and inhibits the production of KYNA. This new bacteria-specific in vitro model provides a flexible, reproducible, and cost-effective tool for identifying harmful agents that can decrease the levels of beneficial TRP metabolites. It will be helpful for researchers when developing innovative strategies for studying gut microbiota.
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Paeslack N, Mimmler M, Becker S, Gao Z, Khuu MP, Mann A, Malinarich F, Regen T, Reinhardt C. Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1339-1356. [PMID: 35451695 PMCID: PMC9641817 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating the maintenance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects on the vascular endothelium, thus influencing the development of vascular inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote vascular inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for a contributory role of microbiota-derived indole-derivatives in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Interestingly, there are indications for a role of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging role of gut commensals in the modulation of Trp metabolism and its influence in cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Paeslack
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mimmler
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becker
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenling Gao
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - My Phung Khuu
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frano Malinarich
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Liu L, Shi Z, Ji X, Zhang W, Luan J, Zahr T, Qiang L. Adipokines, adiposity, and atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:272. [PMID: 35503385 PMCID: PMC11073100 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Characterized by a surplus of whole-body adiposity, obesity is strongly associated with the prognosis of atherosclerosis, a hallmark of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Adipose tissue serves a primary role as a lipid-storage organ, secreting cytokines known as adipokines that affect whole-body metabolism, inflammation, and endocrine functions. Emerging evidence suggests that adipokines can play important roles in atherosclerosis development, progression, as well as regression. Here, we review the versatile functions of various adipokines in atherosclerosis and divide these respective functions into three major groups: protective, deteriorative, and undefined. The protective adipokines represented here are adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9), and progranulin, while the deteriorative adipokines listed include leptin, chemerin, resistin, Interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and more, with additional adipokines that have unclear roles denoted as undefined adipokines. Comprehensively categorizing adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis can help elucidate the various pathways involved and potentially pave novel therapeutic approaches to treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zunhan Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Luan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarik Zahr
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Yu N, Wang R, Liu B, Zhang L. Bibliometric and Visual Analysis on Metabolomics in Coronary Artery Disease Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:804463. [PMID: 35402548 PMCID: PMC8990927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.804463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolomics has immense research value in coronary artery disease and has drawn increasing attention over the past decades. Many articles have been published in this field, which may challenge researchers aiming to investigate all the available information. However, bibliometrics can provide deep insights into this research field. Objective We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively study metabolomics and coronary artery disease research, visually analyse the development status, trends, research hotspots, and frontiers of this field, and provide a reference for research on coronary artery disease. Methods Articles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to analyse publication growth, country/region, institution, journal distribution, author, reference, and keywords, and detected the keywords with strong citation burstness to identify emerging topics. Results A total of 1121 references were obtained, and the annual number of publications increased over the past 16 years. Metabolomics research has shown a gradual upward trend in coronary artery disease. The United States of America and China ranked at the top in terms of percentage of articles. The institution with the highest number of research publications in this field was Harvard University, followed by the University of California System and Brigham Women's Hospital. The most frequently cited authors included Hazen SL, Tang WH, and Wang ZN. Ala-Korpela M was the most productive author, followed by Clish CB and Adamski J. The journal with the most publications in this field was Scientific Reports, followed by PLoS One and the Journal of Proteome Research. The keywords used at a high frequency were "risk," "biomarkers," "insulin resistance," and "atherosclerosis." Burst detection analysis of top keywords showed that "microbiota," "tryptophan," and "diabetes" are the current research frontiers in this field. Conclusion This study provides useful information for acquiring knowledge on metabolomics and coronary artery diseases. Metabolomics research has shown a gradual upward trend in coronary artery disease studies over the past 16 years. Research on tryptophan metabolism regulated by intestinal flora will become an emerging academic trend in this field, which can offer guidance for more extensive and in-depth studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Gáspár R, Halmi D, Demján V, Berkecz R, Pipicz M, Csont T. Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Potential Clinical Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:768560. [PMID: 35211110 PMCID: PMC8861075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Several risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle, genetic background, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, age, etc. contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease. Inflammation plays an important role in coronary artery disease development and progression. Pro-inflammatory signals promote the degradation of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway resulting in the formation of several immunomodulatory metabolites. An unbalanced kynurenic pathway has been implicated in the pathomechanisms of various diseases including CAD. Significant improvements in detection methods in the last decades may allow simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and such a thorough analysis of the kynurenine pathway may be a valuable tool for risk stratification and determination of CAD prognosis. Nevertheless, imbalance in the activities of different branches of the kynurenine pathway may require careful interpretation. In this review, we aim to summarize clinical evidence supporting a possible use of kynurenine pathway metabolites as clinical biomarkers in various manifestations of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Gáspár
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Halmi
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Virág Demján
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Research Group (MEDICS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Benitez T, VanDerWoude E, Han Y, Byun J, Konje VC, Gillespie BW, Saran R, Mathew AV. OUP accepted manuscript. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1952-1965. [PMID: 36158159 PMCID: PMC9494510 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Disordered catabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine and indole pathways is linked to CVD in both CKD and dialysis patients. However, the association between specific kynurenine and indole metabolites with subclinical CVD and time to new cardiovascular (CV) events in CKD has not been studied. Methods We measured kynurenine and indole pathway metabolites using targeted mass spectrometry in a cohort of 325 patients with moderate to severe CKD and a median follow-up of 2 years. Multiple linear regression and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between these tryptophan metabolites and subclinical CVD, including calcium scores, carotid intima-media thickness and time to new cardiovascular (CV) events. Results Elevated quinolinic and anthranilic acids were independently associated with reduced time to new CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, P = .01 and HR 1.02, P = .02, respectively). Low tryptophan levels were associated with reduced time to new CV events when adjusting for demographics and CVD history (HR 0.30, P = .03). Low tryptophan levels were also associated with aortic calcification in a fully adjusted linear regression model (β = −1983, P = .006). Similarly, high levels of several kynurenine pathway metabolites predicted increased coronary, aortic and composite calcification scores. Conclusions We demonstrate the association of kynurenine pathway metabolites, and not indole derivatives, with subclinical and new CV events in an advanced CKD cohort. Our findings support a possible role for altered tryptophan immune metabolism in the pathogenesis of CKD-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trista Benitez
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Yun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaeman Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vetalise Cheofor Konje
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rajiv Saran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna V Mathew
- Correspondence to: Anna V. Mathew. E-mail: ; Twitter handles: @annavmathew, @themathewlab
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14
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Alme KN, Ulvik A, Askim T, Assmus J, Mollnes TE, Naik M, Næss H, Saltvedt I, Ueland PM, Knapskog AB. Neopterin and kynurenic acid as predictors of stroke recurrence and mortality: a multicentre prospective cohort study on biomarkers of inflammation measured three months after ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:476. [PMID: 34879833 PMCID: PMC8653541 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with both ischemic stroke and sedentary behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive abilities of biomarkers of inflammation and immune modulation associated with sedentary behaviour for ischemic stroke recurrence and mortality in a stroke population. METHODS Patients admitted to hospital for acute stroke were recruited to the prospective multicentre cohort study, the Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study, from May 2015 until March 2017. Patients with ischemic stroke, blood samples available from the three-month follow-up, and no stroke recurrence before the three-month follow-up were included. Serum was analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP) with high-sensitive technique, and plasma for interleukin-6 (IL-6), neopterin, pyridoxic acid ratio index (PAr-index: 4-pyridoxic acid: [pyrioxal+pyridoxal-5'-phosphate]) and kynurenic acid (KA). Ischemic stroke recurrence and death were identified by the Norwegian Stroke Registry and the Cause of Death Registry until 31 December 2018. RESULTS The study included 354 patients, 57% male, mean age 73 (SD 11) years, mean observation time 2.5 (SD 0.6) years, and median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of 0 (IQR 1) at three months. CRP was associated with mortality (HR 1.40, CI 1.01, 1.96, p = 0.046), and neopterin was associated with the combined endpoint (recurrent ischemic stroke or death) (HR 1.52, CI 1.06, 2.20, p = 0.023), adjusted for age, sex, prior cerebrovascular disease, modified Rankin Scale, and creatinine. When adding neopterin and KA to the same model, KA was negatively associated (HR 0.57, CI 0.33, 0.97, p = 0.038), and neopterin was positively associated (HR 1.61, CI 1.02, 2.54, p = 0.040) with mortality. Patients with cardioembolic stroke at baseline had higher levels of inflammation at three months. CONCLUSION Neopterin might be a valuable prognostic biomarker in stroke patients. The use of KA as a measure of anti-inflammatory capacity should be investigated further. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02650531 ). First posted on 08/01/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Nordheim Alme
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jörg Assmus
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mala Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for age-related medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of internal medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital. Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Kusano Y, Yamaguchi T, Nishisako S, Matsumura T, Fukui M, Higa K, Inoue T, Shimazaki J. Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12268. [PMID: 34830147 PMCID: PMC8618311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) after corneal transplantation leads to refractory glaucoma and permanent loss of vision. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AqH) and the progression of PAS after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). We measured 20 cytokine levels in AqH and assessed the correlation with PAS progression after PKP in 85 consecutive patients who underwent PKP. We also evaluated age-dependent alterations in PAS and cytokine levels in DBA2J mice. PAS developed in 38 (44.7%) of 85 eyes after PKP. The incidence of intraocular pressure increase after PKP was significantly greater in eyes with PAS (26.3%) than in those without PAS (2%, p = 0.0009). The PAS area at 12 months after PKP was significantly positively correlated with the preoperative levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (p ≤ 0.049). In the DBA2J mice, an experimental glaucoma model that developed PAS at 50 weeks, the AqH levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) significantly increased at 50 weeks compared to 8 weeks (p ≤ 0.021). In conclusion, inflammatory alterations in the AqH microenvironment, such as high preoperative specific cytokine levels, can lead to PAS formation and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kusano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608-556, Japan;
| | - Takefumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Sota Nishisako
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.S.)
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan
| | - Takehiro Matsumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Masaki Fukui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Kazunari Higa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.S.)
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608-556, Japan;
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.N.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (K.H.); (J.S.)
- Cornea Center Eye Bank, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 2728-513, Japan
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16
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Tryptophan: From Diet to Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189904. [PMID: 34576067 PMCID: PMC8472285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Inflammation is the underlying common mechanism involved in CVD. It has been recently related to amino acid metabolism, which acts as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Among different metabolites that have emerged as important regulators of immune and inflammatory responses, tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been shown to play a pivotal role in CVD. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamental aspects of Trp metabolism and the interplay between the dysregulation of the main actors involved in Trp metabolism such as indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) and CVD, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IDO has a prominent and complex role. Its activity, impacting on several biological pathways, complicates our understanding of its function, particularly in CVD, where it is still under debate. The discrepancy of the observed IDO effects could be potentially explained by its specific cell and tissue contribution, encouraging further investigations regarding the role of this enzyme. Thus, improving our understanding of the function of Trp as well as its derived metabolites will help to move one step closer towards tailored therapies aiming to treat CVD.
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17
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Alme KN, Askim T, Assmus J, Mollnes TE, Naik M, Næss H, Saltvedt I, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, Knapskog AB. Investigating novel biomarkers of immune activation and modulation in the context of sedentary behaviour: a multicentre prospective ischemic stroke cohort study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 34399717 PMCID: PMC8365944 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviour is associated with disease, but the molecular mechanisms are not understood. Valid biomarkers with predictive and explanatory properties are required. Therefore, we have investigated traditional and novel biomarkers of inflammation and immune modulation and their association to objectively measured sedentary behaviour in an ischemic stroke population. Methods Patients admitted to hospital with acute ischemic stroke were included in the multicentre Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study (n = 815). For this sub-study (n = 257), sedentary behaviour was registered 3 months after stroke using position transition data from the body-worn sensor, ActivPal®. Blood samples were analysed for high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), neopterin, tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), and three B6 vitamers, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL), and pyridoxic acid (PA). The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) and the pyridoxic acid ratio index (PAr = PA: PL + PLP) were calculated. Results Of the 815 patients included in the main study, 700 attended the three-month follow-up, and 257 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. Sedentary time was significantly associated with levels of hsCRP, IL-6, neopterin, PAr-index, and KA adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, and creatinine. In a fully adjusted model including all the significant biomarkers except hsCRP (because of missing values), sedentary time was independently positively associated with the PAr-index and negatively with KA. We did not find an association between sedentary behaviour, IL-10, and KTR. Conclusions The PAr-index is known to capture several modes of inflammation and has previously shown predictive abilities for future stroke. This novel result indicates that the PAr-index could be a useful biomarker in future studies on sedentary behaviour and disease progression. KA is an important modulator of inflammation, and this finding opens new and exciting pathways to understand the hazards of sedentary behaviour. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02650531). First posted 08/01/2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02343-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Nordheim Alme
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torunn Askim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jörg Assmus
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, and K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mala Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Næss
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for age-related medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, Clinic of internal medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Wongpraparut N, Pengchata P, Piyophirapong S, Panchavinnin P, Pongakasira R, Arechep N, Kasetsinsombat K, Maneechotesuwan K. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) level as a marker for significant coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 34311709 PMCID: PMC8314527 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, is modulated by inflammation, and is regarded as a key molecule driving immunotolerance and immunosuppressive mechanisms. Little is known about IDO activity in patients with active coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We prospectively enrolled patients who were scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. Measurement of IDO, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels was performed at baseline, and IDO activity was monitored at the 6-month follow-up. Results Three hundred and five patients were enrolled. Ninety-eight patients (32.1%) presented with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Significant difference in IDO, kynurenine, and hs-TnT between patients with and without significant CAD was observed. Baseline IDO activity, kynurenine level, and hs-TnT level were all significantly higher in significant CAD patients with 3-vessel, 2-vessel, and 1-vessel involvement than in those with insignificant CAD [(0.17, 0.13, and 0.16 vs. 0.03, respectively; p = 0.003), (5.89, 4.58, and 5.24 vs. 2.74 µM/g, respectively; p = 0.011), and (18.27, 12.22, and 12.86 vs. 10.89 mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.001)]. One-year mortality was 3.9%. When we compared between patients who survived and patients who died, we found a significantly lower prevalence of left main (LM) disease by coronary angiogram (6.1% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.007), and also a trend toward higher baseline kynurenine (5.07 vs. 0.79 µM/g, p = 0.082) and higher IDO (0.15 vs. 0.02, p = 0.081) in patients who survived. Conclusion Immunometabolic response mediated via IDO function was enhanced in patients with CAD, and correlated with the extent and severity of disease. Patients with LM disease had higher 1-year mortality. Lower level of IDO, as suggested by inadequate IDO response, demonstrated a trend toward predicting 1-year mortality. Trial registration TCTR Trial registration number TCTR20200626001. Date of registration 26 June 2020. “Retrospectively registered”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Wongpraparut
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Ploy Pengchata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Piyophirapong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pariya Panchavinnin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Rungtiwa Pongakasira
- Her Majesty's Cardiac Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Arechep
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanda Kasetsinsombat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Maneechotesuwan
- Division of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Konje VC, Rajendiran TM, Bellovich K, Gadegbeku CA, Gipson DS, Afshinnia F, Mathew AV. Tryptophan levels associate with incident cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:1097-1105. [PMID: 34094518 PMCID: PMC8173620 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-traditional risk factors like inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tryptophan catabolism by the kynurenine pathway (KP) is linked to systemic inflammation and CVD in the general and dialysis population. However, the relationship of KP to incident CVD in the CKD population is unknown. METHODS We measured tryptophan metabolites using targeted mass spectrometry in 92 patients with a history of CVD (old CVD); 46 patients with no history of CVD and new CVD during follow-up (no CVD); and 46 patients with no CVD history who developed CVD in the median follow-up period of 2 years (incident CVD). RESULTS The three groups are well-matched in age, gender, race, diabetes status and CKD stage, and only differed in total cholesterol and proteinuria. Tryptophan and kynurenine levels significantly decreased in patients with 'Incident CVD' compared with the no CVD or old CVD groups (P = 5.2E-7; P = 0.003 respectively). Kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine and kynurenine are all increased with worsening CKD stage (P < 0.05). An increase in tryptophan levels at baseline was associated with 0.32-fold lower odds of incident CVD (P = 0.000014) compared with the no CVD group even after adjustment for classic CVD risk factors. Addition of tryptophan and kynurenine levels to the receiver operating curve constructed from discriminant analysis predicting incident CVD using baseline clinical variables increased the area under the curve from 0.76 to 0.82 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study demonstrates that low tryptophan levels are associated with incident CVD in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetalise C Konje
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keith Bellovich
- Division of Nephrology, St Clair Nephrology Research, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Crystal A Gadegbeku
- Section of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna V Mathew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Helland A, Bratlie M, Hagen IV, Midttun Ø, Sveier H, Mellgren G, Ueland PM, Gudbrandsen OA. Effect of high intake of cod or salmon on serum total neopterin concentration: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3237-3248. [PMID: 33576844 PMCID: PMC8354862 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Primarily, to investigate the effect of high intake of cod (lean fish) or salmon (fatty fish) on serum concentration of total neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activation that is associated with cardiovascular disease. Second, to investigate effects of high cod/salmon intake on antioxidant vitamins and elements essential for activity of antioxidant enzymes. Methods In this randomised clinical trial, 63 participants with overweight/obesity consumed 750 g/week of either Atlantic cod (N = 22) or Atlantic salmon (N = 22) or were instructed to continue their normal eating habits but avoid fish intake (Control group, N = 19) for 8 weeks. Food intake was recorded, and fasting serum were collected at baseline and endpoint. Results Serum total neopterin concentration was reduced in the Cod group (median change − 2.65 (25th, 75th percentiles − 3.68, − 0.45) nmol/l, P = 0.018) but not in the Salmon group (median change 0.00 (25th, 75th percentiles − 4.15, 3.05) nmol/l, P = 0.59) when compared with the Control group after 8 weeks. The estimated daily intake of selenium, iron, magnesium and zinc were similar between all groups. Increased serum concentration of selenium was observed only after cod intake when compared to the Control group (P = 0.017). Changes in serum concentrations of copper, iron, magnesium, all-trans retinol, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were similar between the groups. Conclusion A high intake of cod, but not of salmon, lowered serum total neopterin concentration when compared to the Control group. Clinical trial registration This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02350595
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Helland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Bratlie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid V Hagen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Harald Sveier
- Lerøy Seafood Group ASA, PO Box 7600, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Oddrun A Gudbrandsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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21
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Melhem NJ, Chajadine M, Gomez I, Howangyin KY, Bouvet M, Knosp C, Sun Y, Rouanet M, Laurans L, Cazorla O, Lemitre M, Vilar J, Mallat Z, Tedgui A, Ait-Oufella H, Hulot JS, Callebert J, Launay JM, Fauconnier J, Silvestre JS, Taleb S. Endothelial Cell Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 Alters Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction Through Kynurenine. Circulation 2020; 143:566-580. [PMID: 33272024 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI), is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) catalyzes 1 rate-limiting step of L-tryptophan metabolism, and emerges as an important regulator of many pathological conditions. We hypothesized that IDO could play a key role to locally regulate cardiac homeostasis after MI. METHODS Cardiac repair was analyzed in mice harboring specific endothelial or smooth muscle cells or cardiomyocyte or myeloid cell deficiency of IDO and challenged with acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS We show that kynurenine generation through IDO is markedly induced after MI in mice. Total genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of IDO limits cardiac injury and cardiac dysfunction after MI. Distinct loss of function of IDO in smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, or cardiomyocytes does not affect cardiac function and remodeling in infarcted mice. In sharp contrast, mice harboring endothelial cell-specific deletion of IDO show an improvement of cardiac function as well as cardiomyocyte contractility and reduction in adverse ventricular remodeling. In vivo kynurenine supplementation in IDO-deficient mice abrogates the protective effects of IDO deletion. Kynurenine precipitates cardiomyocyte apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IDO could constitute a new therapeutic target during acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Joe Melhem
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Mouna Chajadine
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Ingrid Gomez
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Kiave-Yune Howangyin
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Marion Bouvet
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Camille Knosp
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Yanyi Sun
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Marie Rouanet
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Ludivine Laurans
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PHYSIOLOGIE ET MÉDECINE EXPÉRIMENTALE DU COEUR ET DES MUSCLES (PHYMEDEXP), Institut national de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, France (O.C., J.F.)
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - José Vilar
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR942, Hôpital Lariboisière, France (J.C., J.-M.L.)
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR942, Hôpital Lariboisière, France (J.C., J.-M.L.)
| | - Jeremy Fauconnier
- PHYSIOLOGIE ET MÉDECINE EXPÉRIMENTALE DU COEUR ET DES MUSCLES (PHYMEDEXP), Institut national de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, France (O.C., J.F.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Soraya Taleb
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
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Gostner JM, Geisler S, Stonig M, Mair L, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D. Tryptophan Metabolism and Related Pathways in Psychoneuroimmunology: The Impact of Nutrition and Lifestyle. Neuropsychobiology 2020; 79:89-99. [PMID: 30808841 DOI: 10.1159/000496293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past, accelerated tryptophan breakdown was considered to be a feature of clinical conditions, such as infection, inflammation, and malignant disease. More recently, however, the focus has changed to include the additional modulation of tryptophan metabolism by changes in nutrition and microbiota composition. The regulation of tryptophan concentration is critical for the maintenance of systemic homeostasis because it integrates essential pathways involved in nutrient sensing, metabolic stress response, and immunity. In addition to tryptophan being important as a precursor for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin, several catabolites along the kynurenine axis are neuroactive. This emphasizes the importance of the immunometabolic fate of this amino acid for processes relevant to neuropsychiatric symptoms. In humans, besides hepatic catabolism, there is usually a strong relationship between immune activation-associated tryptophan breakdown and increased levels of biomarkers, such as neopterin, which has particular relevance for both acute and chronic diseases. A shift towards neopterin synthesis during oxidative stress may indicate a corresponding decrease in tetrahydrobiopterin, a cofactor of several mono-oxygenases, providing a further link between tryptophan metabolism and serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission. The psychoneuroimmunological consequences of tryptophan metabolism and the susceptibility of this pathway to modulation by a variety of nutritional and lifestyle-related factors have important implications for the development of both diagnostic and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Geisler
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marlies Stonig
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mair
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,
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23
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Mehta A, Liu C, Nayak A, Tahhan AS, Ko YA, Dhindsa DS, Kim JH, Hayek SS, Sperling LS, Mehta PK, Sun YV, Uppal K, Jones DP, Quyyumi AA. Untargeted high-resolution plasma metabolomic profiling predicts outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237579. [PMID: 32810196 PMCID: PMC7444579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with CAD have substantial residual risk of mortality, and whether hitherto unknown small-molecule metabolites and metabolic pathways contribute to this risk is unclear. We sought to determine the predictive value of plasma metabolomic profiling in patients with CAD. Approach and results Untargeted high-resolution plasma metabolomic profiling of subjects undergoing coronary angiography was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolic features and pathways associated with mortality were identified in 454 subjects using metabolome-wide association studies and Mummichog, respectively, and validated in 322 subjects. A metabolomic risk score comprising of log-transformed HR estimates of metabolites that associated with mortality and passed LASSO regression was created and its performance validated. In 776 subjects (66.8 years, 64% male, 17% Black), 433 and 357 features associated with mortality (FDR-adjusted q<0.20); and clustered into 21 and 9 metabolic pathways in first and second cohorts, respectively. Six pathways (urea cycle/amino group, tryptophan, aspartate/asparagine, lysine, tyrosine, and carnitine shuttle) were common. A metabolomic risk score comprising of 7 metabolites independently predicted mortality in the second cohort (HR per 1-unit increase 2.14, 95%CI 1.62, 2.83). Adding the score to a model of clinical predictors improved risk discrimination (delta C-statistic 0.039, 95%CI -0.006, 0.086; and Integrated Discrimination Index 0.084, 95%CI 0.030, 0.151) and reclassification (continuous Net Reclassification Index 23.3%, 95%CI 7.9%, 38.2%). Conclusions Differential regulation of six metabolic pathways involved in myocardial energetics and systemic inflammation is independently associated with mortality in patients with CAD. A novel risk score consisting of representative metabolites is highly predictive of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mehta
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chang Liu
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aditi Nayak
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ayman S. Tahhan
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Devinder S. Dhindsa
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Salim S. Hayek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laurence S. Sperling
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Puja K. Mehta
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- * E-mail:
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24
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Ketelhuth DFJ. The immunometabolic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: immune homeostatic mechanisms in the artery wall. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1408-1415. [PMID: 30847484 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease and stroke, the two most common cardiovascular diseases worldwide, are triggered by complications of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaques are initiated by a maladaptive immune response triggered by accumulation of lipids in the artery wall. Hence, disease is influenced by several non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, is modulated by inflammation and regarded as a key molecule driving immunotolerance and immunosuppressive mechanisms. A large body of evidence indicates that IDO-mediated Trp metabolism is involved directly or indirectly in atherogenesis. This review summarizes evidence from basic and clinical research showing that IDO is a major regulatory enzyme involved in the maintenance of immunohomeostasis in the vascular wall, as well as current knowledge about promising targets for the development of new anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Univ. of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21(3), Odense C, Denmark
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25
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Dhar I, Siddique S, R Pedersen E, F T Svingen G, Lysne V, Olsen T, Nilsen DW, Nordrehaug JE, Midttun Ø, M Ueland P, S Tell G, K Nygård O. Lipid parameters and vitamin A modify cardiovascular risk prediction by plasma neopterin. Heart 2020; 106:1073-1079. [PMID: 32398245 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidised cholesterol metabolites are linked to increased production of the active vitamin A (Vit-A) form and monocyte/macrophage activation, which may be reflected by neopterin, a marker of both interferon-γ-mediated immune activation and coronary artery disease risk. We examined the influence of serum lipid parameters and Vit-A on the risk association between neopterin and incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS We included 4130 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris (SAP), of whom 80% received lipid-lowering treatment with statins. Risk associations between plasma neopterin and AMI are given as HRs per SD increase in log-transformed neopterin. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 530 (12.8%) patients experienced an AMI. In age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis, plasma neopterin was positively associated with incident AMI (HR (95% CI) per SD: 1.26 (1.17 to 1.35)). However, the estimates were most pronounced in patients with serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or apolipoprotein (apo) B100 below-median (HR (95% CI) per SD: 1.35 (1.24 to 1.48) and 1.42 (1.27 to 1.58), respectively; both pinteraction ≤0.03). We also observed a particularly strong risk association in those with above-median Vit-A (HR (95% CI) per SD: 1.32 (1.21 to 1.44); pinteraction=0.03). The estimates were slightly modified after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS In patients with suspected SAP, the majority of whom receiving statin therapy, high plasma neopterin was associated with increased risk of AMI particularly among those with low LDL-C and apoB100 or high Vit-A levels. The particularly strong relationship of plasma neopterin with residual cardiovascular risk in patients with low lipid levels should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhar
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sumia Siddique
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis W Nilsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Nordrehaug
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar K Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair James Moss
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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27
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Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112736. [PMID: 31718066 PMCID: PMC6893409 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two chronic diseases that have claimed more lives globally than any other disease. Dietary supplementation of functional foods containing bioactive compounds is recognised to result in improvements in free-radical-mediated oxidative stress. Emerging evidence indicates that bioactive compounds derived from rice bran (RB) have therapeutic potential against cellular oxidative stress. This review aims to describe the mechanistic pathways behind CVD and T2DM development and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols derived from RB against these chronic diseases.
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28
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Qi Q, Hua S, Clish CB, Scott JM, Hanna DB, Wang T, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Glesby MJ, Lazar JM, Burk RD, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Post WS, Anastos K, Kaplan RC. Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolites Are Altered in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:235-242. [PMID: 29415228 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unknown whether disrupted tryptophan catabolism is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Methods Plasma tryptophan and kynurenic acid were measured in 737 women and men (520 HIV+, 217 HIV-) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging was obtained from 2004 through 2013. We examined associations of baseline tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and kynurenic acid-to-tryptophan (KYNA/TRP) ratio, with risk of carotid plaque. Results After a 7-year follow-up, 112 participants developed carotid plaque. Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV-infected participants had lower tryptophan (P < .001), higher KYNA/TRP (P = .01), and similar kynurenic acid levels (P = .51). Tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and KYNA/TRP were correlated with T-cell activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) and immune activation markers (serum sCD14, galectin-3) but had few correlations with interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, or CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids). Adjusted for demographic and behavioral factors, each standard deviation (SD) increment in tryptophan was associated with a 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-38%) decreased risk of carotid plaque (P < .001), while each SD increment in kynurenic acid (P = .02) and KYNA/TRP (P < .001) was associated with a 34% (6%-69%) and a 47% (26%-73%) increased risk of carotid plaque, respectively. After further adjustment for CVD risk factors and immune activation markers, these associations were attenuated but remained significant. Conclusions Plasma tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites are altered in HIV infection and associated with progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Simin Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Justin M Scott
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sabina A Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jason M Lazar
- Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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29
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Increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial proliferation in liver are associated with increased plasma kynurenine metabolites and nicotinamide levels in normolipidemic and carnitine-depleted rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158543. [PMID: 31676443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the tryptophan (Trp)-NAD+ pathway has been related to several pathological conditions, and the metabolites in this pathway are known to influence mitochondrial respiration and redox status. The aim of this project was to investigate if stimulation of beta-oxidation and mitochondrial proliferation by the mitochondrial-targeted compound 2-(tridec-12-yn-1-ylthio)acetic acid (1-triple TTA) would influence metabolites of the Trp-Kyn-NAD+ pathway. We wished to investigate how carnitine depletion by meldonium-treatment influenced these metabolites. After dietary treatment of male Wistar rats with 1-triple TTA for three weeks, increased hepatic mitochondrial- and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation resulted. The plasma content of total carnitines decreased compared to control animals, whereas hepatic genes involved in CoA biosynthesis were upregulated by 1-triple TTA treatment. The plasma Trp level and individual metabolites in the kynurenine pathway were increased by 1-triple TTA, associated with decreased hepatic gene expression of indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase. 1-triple TTA treatment increased conversion of Trp to nicotinamide (Nam) as the plasma content of quinolinic acid, Nam and N1-methylnicotinamide (mNam) increased, accompanied with suppression of hepatic gene expression of α-amino-α-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase. A positive correlation between mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and Trp-derivatives was found. Almost identical results were obtained by 1-triple TTA in the presence of meldonium, which alone exerted minor effects. Moreover, the plasma Kyn:Trp ratio (KTR) correlated negatively to mitochondrial function. Whether increased flux through the Trp-NAD+ pathway increased redox status and lowered inflammation locally and systemically should be considered.
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30
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Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is metabolized via the kynurenine and serotonin pathways, leading to the generation of biologically active compounds, such as serotonin, melatonin and niacin. In addition to endogenous TRP metabolism, resident gut microbiota also contributes to the production of specific TRP metabolites and indirectly influences host physiology. The variety of physiologic functions regulated by TRP reflects the complex pattern of diseases associated with altered homeostasis. Indeed, an imbalance in the synthesis of TRP metabolites has been associated with pathophysiologic mechanisms occurring in neurologic and psychiatric disorders, in chronic immune activation and in the immune escape of cancer. In this chapter, the role of TRP metabolism in health and disease is presented. Disorders involving the central nervous system, malignancy, inflammatory bowel and cardiovascular disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comai
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonella Bertazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Brughera
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Institute of Paediatric Research-Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
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31
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Taleb S. Tryptophan Dietary Impacts Gut Barrier and Metabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2113. [PMID: 31552046 PMCID: PMC6746884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine has a major role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and gut barrier is the first defense line against harmful pathogens. Alteration of the intestinal barrier is associated with enhanced intestinal permeability and development of numerous pathological diseases including gastrointestinal and cardiometabolic diseases. Among the metabolites that play an important role within intestinal health, L Tryptophan (Trp) is one of the nine essential amino acids supplied by diet, whose metabolism appears as a key modulator of gut microbiota, with major impacts on physiological, and pathological pathways. Recently, emerging evidence showed that the Trp catabolism through one major enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expressed by the host affects Trp metabolism by gut microbiota to generate indole metabolites, thereby altering gut function and health in mice and humans. In this mini review, I summarize the most recent advances concerning the role of Trp metabolism in host–microbiota cross-talk in health, and metabolic diseases. This novel aspect of IDO1 function in intestine will better explain its complex roles in a broad range of disease states where the gut function affects local as well as systemic health, and will open new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Taleb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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32
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Mangge H, Bengesser S, Dalkner N, Birner A, Fellendorf F, Platzer M, Queissner R, Pilz R, Maget A, Reininghaus B, Hamm C, Bauer K, Rieger A, Zelzer S, Fuchs D, Reininghaus E. Weight Gain During Treatment of Bipolar Disorder (BD)-Facts and Therapeutic Options. Front Nutr 2019; 6:76. [PMID: 31245376 PMCID: PMC6579840 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a mood disorder, which is characterized by alternating affective states, namely (hypo)mania, depression, and euthymia. Evidence is growing that BPD has indeed a biologic substrate characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and disturbed energy metabolism. Apart from this, there is obviously a hereditary component of this disease with multi-genetic factors. Most probably a susceptibility threshold favors the outbreak of clinical disease after a cascade of stress events that remain to be elucidated in more detail. Evidence is also growing that weak points in brain energy metabolism contribute to outbreak and severity of BPD. Conventional psychopharmacologic therapy must be reassessed under the aspects of weight cycling and development of central obesity as a deterioration factor for a worse clinical course leading to early cardiovascular events in BPD subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carlo Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konstantin Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Rieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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33
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Wang Z, Qi Q. Gut microbial metabolites associated with HIV infection. Future Virol 2019; 14:335-347. [PMID: 31263508 PMCID: PMC6595475 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection has been associated with alterations in gut microbiota and related microbial metabolite production. However, the mechanisms of how these functional microbial metabolites may affect HIV immunopathogenesis and comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and other metabolic diseases, remain largely unknown. Here we review the current understanding of gut microbiota and related metabolites in the context of HIV infection. We focus on several bacteria-produced metabolites, including tryptophan catabolites, short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and discuss their implications in HIV infection and comorbidities. We also prospect future studies using integrative multiomics approaches to better understand host-microbiota-metabolites interactions in HIV infection, and facilitate integrative medicine utilizing the microbiota in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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34
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Anlu W, Dongcheng C, He Z, Qiuyi L, Yan Z, Yu Q, Hao X, Keji C. Using herbal medicine to target the “microbiota-metabolism-immunity” axis as possible therapy for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:205-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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Nitz K, Lacy M, Atzler D. Amino Acids and Their Metabolism in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:319-330. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As a leading cause of death worldwide, cardiovascular disease is a global health concern. The development and progression of atherosclerosis, which ultimately gives rise to cardiovascular disease, has been causally linked to hypercholesterolemia. Mechanistically, the interplay between lipids and the immune system during plaque progression significantly contributes to the chronic inflammation seen in the arterial wall during atherosclerosis. Localized inflammation and increased cell-to-cell interactions may influence polarization and proliferation of immune cells via changes in amino acid metabolism. Specifically, the amino acids
l
-arginine (Arg),
l
-homoarginine (hArg) and
l
-tryptophan (Trp) have been widely studied in the context of cardiovascular disease, and their metabolism has been established as key regulators of vascular homeostasis, as well as immune cell function. Cyclic effects between endothelial cells, innate, and adaptive immune cells exist during Arg and hArg, as well as Trp metabolism, that may have distinct effects on the development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we describe the current knowledge surrounding the metabolism, biological function, and clinical perspective of Arg, hArg, and Trp in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nitz
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
| | - Michael Lacy
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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37
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Watanabe Y, Koyama S, Yamashita A, Matsuura Y, Nishihira K, Kitamura K, Asada Y. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in coronary atherosclerotic plaque enhances tissue factor expression in activated macrophages. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:726-735. [PMID: 30349892 PMCID: PMC6178752 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies have found that changes in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism are associated with cardiovascular events. However, the roles of the Kyn pathway on vascular wall thrombogenicity remain unknown. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme of the Kyn pathway. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to localize IDO1 in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques from patients with angina pectoris and define its role in plaque thrombogenicity. METHODS Immunohistochemical methods were applied to localize IDO1 in coronary atherosclerotic plaques from patients with stable (SAP) and unstable (UAP) angina pectoris. The role of IDO1 in tissue factor (TF) expression was investigated in THP-1 macrophages activated by interferon (IFN)γ and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)α. RESULTS We localized IDO1 mainly in CD68-positive macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques, and in close association with TF. Areas that were immunopositive for IDO1, TF, and CD3-positive T lymphocytes were significantly larger in plaques from patients with UAP than SAP. Macrophages activated by IFNγ and TNFα upregulated IDO1 expression, increased the Kyn/Trp ratio and enhanced TF expression and activity, but not TF pathway inhibitor expression. The IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat significantly reduced the Kyn/Trp ratio, TF expression and activity, as well as NF-κB (p65) binding activity in activated macrophages. Inhibition of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that binds to Kyn, also reduced Kyn-induced TF expression in activated macrophages. CONCLUSION Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expressed in coronary atherosclerotic plaques might contribute to thrombus formation through TF upregulation in activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Watanabe
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Yunosuke Matsuura
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Kensaku Nishihira
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
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Laurans L, Venteclef N, Haddad Y, Chajadine M, Alzaid F, Metghalchi S, Sovran B, Denis RGP, Dairou J, Cardellini M, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Straub M, Jegou S, McQuitty C, Viel T, Esposito B, Tavitian B, Callebert J, Luquet SH, Federici M, Fernandez-Real JM, Burcelin R, Launay JM, Tedgui A, Mallat Z, Sokol H, Taleb S. Genetic deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes gut microbiota-mediated metabolic health. Nat Med 2018; 24:1113-1120. [PMID: 29942089 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between altered gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases is becoming increasingly clear but remains poorly understood1,2. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is an enzyme induced in many types of immune cells, including macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli, and catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is better known for its suppression of effector T cell immunity and its activation of regulatory T cells3,4. However, high indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity predicts worse cardiovascular outcome5-9 and may promote atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation6, suggesting a more complex role in chronic inflammatory settings. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is also increased in obesity10-13, yet its role in metabolic disease is still unexplored. Here, we show that obesity is associated with an increase of intestinal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, which shifts tryptophan metabolism from indole derivative and interleukin-22 production toward kynurenine production. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deletion or inhibition improves insulin sensitivity, preserves the gut mucosal barrier, decreases endotoxemia and chronic inflammation, and regulates lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissues. These beneficial effects are due to rewiring of tryptophan metabolism toward a microbiota-dependent production of interleukin-22 and are abrogated after treatment with a neutralizing anti-interleukin-22 antibody. In summary, we identify an unexpected function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the fine tuning of intestinal tryptophan metabolism with major consequences on microbiota-dependent control of metabolic disease, which suggests indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Laurans
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, and Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Yacine Haddad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mouna Chajadine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, and Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sarvenaz Metghalchi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Sovran
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raphael G P Denis
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marina Cardellini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Jose-Maria Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hospital de Girona "Dr Josep Trueta", Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjolene Straub
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, AP-HP, Laboratoire de biomolécules, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Jegou
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, AP-HP, Laboratoire de biomolécules, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Claire McQuitty
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, AP-HP, Laboratoire de biomolécules, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Viel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Esposito
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR942, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Serge H Luquet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Centre National la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, INSERM UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR942, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry Sokol
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, AP-HP, Laboratoire de biomolécules, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Taleb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
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Neopterin, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: What Could We Be Missing? Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7070080. [PMID: 29949851 PMCID: PMC6071275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neopterin has been extensively used as a clinical marker of immune activation during inflammation in a wide range of conditions and stresses. However, the analysis of neopterin alone neglects the cellular reactions that generate it in response to interferon-γ. Neopterin is the oxidation product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin, which is a potent antioxidant generated by interferon-γ-activated macrophages. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin can protect macrophage cells from a range of oxidants through a scavenging reaction that generates either neopterin or dihydroxanthopterin, depending on the oxidant. Therefore, plasma and urinary neopterin levels are dependent on both macrophage activation to generate 7,8-dihydroneopterin and subsequent oxidation to neopterin. This relationship is clearly shown in studies of exercise and impact-induced injury during intense contact sport. Here, we argue that neopterin and total neopterin, which is the combined value of 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin, could provide a more comprehensive analysis of clinical inflammation than neopterin alone.
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Zuo H, Nygård O, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Svingen GFT, Pedersen ER, Midttun Ø, Meyer K, Nordrehaug JE, Nilsen DWT, Tell GS. Association of plasma neopterin with risk of an inpatient hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: results from two prospective cohort studies. J Intern Med 2018; 283:578-587. [PMID: 29573355 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Link between inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been increasingly recognized. Neopterin, a biomarker of cellular immune activation, may be associated with incident AF. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between plasma neopterin levels and risk of an inpatient hospital diagnosis of AF, and to evaluate a joint association of neopterin and a nonspecific inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in two prospective cohorts. METHODS We performed a prospective analysis from a community-based cohort (the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK), n = 6891), and validated the findings in a cohort of patients with suspected stable angina pectoris (the Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort (WECAC), n = 2022). RESULTS In both cohorts, higher plasma levels of neopterin were associated with an increased risk of incident AF after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking, diabetes, hypertension and renal function. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) per one SD increment of log-transformed neopterin was 1.20 (1.10-1.32) in HUSK and 1.26 (1.09-1.44) in WECAC. Additional adjustment for CRP did not materially affect the risk association for neopterin. The highest risk of AF was found among individuals with both neopterin and CRP levels above the median (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.16-2.05 in HUSK and HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.11-2.52 in WECAC). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate an association of plasma neopterin with risk of an inpatient hospital diagnosis of AF, which remains after adjustment for traditional risk factors as well as for CRP. This study highlights a role of cellular immune activation, in addition to inflammation, in AF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zuo
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - O Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - P M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S E Vollset
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - G F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - E R Pedersen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - J E Nordrehaug
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - D W T Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - G S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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Impact of HIV and Type 2 diabetes on Gut Microbiota Diversity, Tryptophan Catabolism and Endothelial Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6725. [PMID: 29712976 PMCID: PMC5928109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection and type 2 diabetes are associated with altered gut microbiota, chronic inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of these diseases on gut microbiota composition and related metabolites, and a potential relation to endothelial dysfunction in individuals with HIV-infection only (n = 23), diabetes only (n = 16) or both conditions (n = 21), as well as controls (n = 24). Fecal microbiota was analyzed by Illumina sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene. Markers of endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA]), tryptophan catabolism (kynurenine/tryptophan [KT]-ratio), and inflammation (neopterin) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The combination of HIV and type 2 diabetes was associated with reduced gut microbiota diversity, increased plasma KT-ratio and neopterin. Microbial genes related to tryptophan metabolism correlated with KT-ratio and low alpha diversity, in particular in HIV-infected with T2D. In multivariate analyses, KT-ratio associated with ADMA (β = 4.58 [95% CI 2.53–6.63], p < 0.001), whereas microbiota composition per se was not associated with endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate that tryptophan catabolism may be related to endothelial dysfunction, with a potentially detrimental interaction between HIV and diabetes. The potential contribution of gut microbiota and the impact for cardiovascular risk should be further explored in prospective studies powered for clinical end points.
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Mallmann NH, Lima ES, Lalwani P. Dysregulation of Tryptophan Catabolism in Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:135-142. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neila Hiraishi Mallmann
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FCF), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FCF), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Strand E, Rebnord EW, Flygel MR, Lysne V, Svingen GFT, Tell GS, Løland KH, Berge RK, Svardal A, Nygård O, Pedersen ER. Serum Carnitine Metabolites and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1033-1041. [PMID: 29325058 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Carnitine and its metabolites are centrally involved in fatty acid metabolism. Although elevated circulating concentrations have been observed in obesity and insulin resistance, prospective studies examining whether these metabolites are associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are sparse. OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive evaluation of metabolites along the carnitine pathway relative to incident T2D. DESIGN A total of 2519 patients (73.1% men) with coronary artery disease, but without T2D, were followed for median 7.7 years until the end of 2009, during which 173 (6.9%) new cases of T2D were identified. Serum levels of free carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine (TML) and γ-butyrobetaine, and the esters acetyl-, propionyl-, (iso)valeryl-, octanoyl-, and palmitoylcarnitine were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Risk associations were explored by logistic regression and reported per (log-transformed) standard deviation increment. RESULTS Median age at inclusion was 62 years and median body mass index (BMI) 26.0 kg/m2. In models adjusted for age, sex, fasting status, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycated hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and study center, serum levels of TML and palmitoylcarnitine associated positively [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.22 (1.04 to 1.43) and 1.24 (1.04 to 1.49), respectively], whereas γ-butyrobetaine associated negatively [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.81 (0.66 to 0.98)] with T2D risk. CONCLUSION Serum levels of TML, γ-butyrobetaine, and the long-chained palmitoylcarnitine predict long-term risk of T2D independently of traditional risk factors, possibly reflecting dysfunctional fatty acid metabolism in patients susceptible to T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Strand
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik W Rebnord
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Children and Youth Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Malin R Flygel
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil H Løland
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Children and Youth Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Children and Youth Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase knockout limits angiotensin II-induced aneurysm in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed with high fat diet. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193737. [PMID: 29494675 PMCID: PMC5833272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an age-associated disease characterized by chronic inflammation, vascular cell apoptosis and metalloproteinase-mediated extracellular matrix degradation. Despite considerable progress in identifying targets involved in these processes, therapeutic approaches aiming to reduce aneurysm growth and rupture are still scarce. Indoleamine 2–3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of IDO in two different models of AAA in mice. Methods and results Mice with deficiencies in both low density receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) and IDO (Ldlr-/-Ido1-/-) were generated by cross-breeding Ido1-/- mice with Ldlr-/-mice. To induce aneurysm, these mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) (1000 ng/min/kg) and fed with high fat diet (HFD) during 28 days. AAAs were present in almost all Ldlr-/- infused with AngII, but only in 50% of Ldlr-/-Ido1-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry at an early time point (day 7) revealed no changes in macrophage and T lymphocyte infiltration within the vessel wall, but showed reduced apoptosis, as assessed by TUNEL assay, and increased α-actin staining within the media of Ldlr-/-Ido1-/- mice, suggesting enhanced survival of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the absence of IDO. In another model of elastase-induced AAA in C57Bl/6 mice, IDO deficiency had no effect on aneurysm formation. Conclusion Our study showed that the knockout of IDO prevented VSMC apoptosis in AngII -treated Ldlr-/- mice fed with HFD, suggesting a detrimental role of IDO in AAA formation and thus would be an important target for the treatment of aneurysm.
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Strasser B, Volaklis K, Fuchs D, Burtscher M. Role of Dietary Protein and Muscular Fitness on Longevity and Aging. Aging Dis 2018; 9:119-132. [PMID: 29392087 PMCID: PMC5772850 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an unfortunate effect of aging and many diseases and can compromise physical function and impair vital metabolic processes. Low levels of muscular fitness together with insufficient dietary intake are major risk factors for illness and mortality from all causes. Ultimately, muscle wasting contributes significantly to weakness, disability, increased hospitalization, immobility, and loss of independence. However, the extent of muscle wasting differs greatly between individuals due to differences in the aging process per se as well as physical activity levels. Interventions for sarcopenia include exercise and nutrition because both have a positive impact on protein anabolism but also enhance other aspects that contribute to well-being in sarcopenic older adults, such as physical function, quality of life, and anti-inflammatory state. The process of aging is accompanied by chronic immune activation, and sarcopenia may represent a consequence of a counter-regulatory strategy of the immune system. Thereby, the kynurenine pathway is induced, and elevation in the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan concentrations, which estimates the tryptophan breakdown rate, is often linked with inflammatory conditions and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A combined exercise program consisting of both resistance-type and endurance-type exercise may best help to ameliorate the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, to prevent muscle aging comorbidities, and to improve physical performance and quality of life. In addition, the use of dietary protein supplementation can further augment protein anabolism but can also contribute to a more active lifestyle, thereby supporting well-being and active aging in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strasser
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University Innsbruck, Austria
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Polyzos KA, Ketelhuth DFJ. The role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in cardiovascular disease. Hamostaseologie 2017; 35:128-36. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-10-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryCoronary heart disease and stroke, the deadliest forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), are mainly caused by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall driven by maladaptive immune responses in the vessel wall. Various risk factors for CVD influence this pathogenic process, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obesity. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, is strongly induced by inflammation in several tissues, including the artery wall. An increasing body of evidence indicates that IDO promotes immune tolerance, decreases inflammation, and functions as a homeostatic mechanism against excessive immune reactions.This review provides an overview of the emerging field of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation in CVD, emphasizing the role of IDO-mediated tryptophan metabolism and its metabolites in the modulation of ‘classical’ cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, lipid metabolism, diabetes mellitus, and in the development of atherosclerotic CVD.
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Bjørnestad EØ, Borsholm RA, Svingen GFT, Pedersen ER, Seifert R, Midttun Ø, Ueland PM, Tell GS, Bønaa KH, Nygård O. Neopterin as an Effect Modifier of the Cardiovascular Risk Predicted by Total Homocysteine: A Prospective 2-Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006500. [PMID: 29097387 PMCID: PMC5721748 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is related to plasma neopterin, an indicator of interferon-γ-mediated immune activation, and both biomarkers positively predict cardiovascular risk. We examined whether the association between tHcy and subsequent risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was modified by systemic concentrations of neopterin and C-reactive protein among patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS By Cox modeling, we explored the association between tHcy and risk of AMI in 4164 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris. Subgroup analyses were performed according to median levels of neopterin and C-reactive protein. A replication study was performed among 3749 patients with AMI at baseline. Median follow-up was 7.3 and 8.3 years among patients with stable angina pectoris and AMI, respectively. tHcy and neopterin correlated in both cohorts (rs=0.34 and rs=0.30 among stable angina pectoris and AMI patients, respectively, both P<0.001). tHcy predicted AMI in both cohorts, independent of B-vitamin treatment. However, significant risk associations were confined to patients with plasma neopterin above the median (hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] per 1-SD increment of log-transformed tHcy 1.38 [1.26-1.50] and 1.18 [1.10-1.26] among stable angina pectoris and AMI patients, respectively) (Pint<0.005 in both cohorts). Further, adding information on the interaction between tHcy and neopterin improved model discrimination and reclassification. tHcy and C-reactive protein were weakly related, and no effect modification was found by C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with coronary heart disease, tHcy predicted risk of AMI only in subjects with concomitantly elevated plasma neopterin. Our results motivate further research on the relationship between homocysteine metabolism, cellular immune activation, and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reinhard Seifert
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per M Ueland
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaare H Bønaa
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, Bergen, Norway
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Gostner J, Sperner-Unterweger B, Fuchs D. Homocysteine Biochemistry and Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:893-894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baumgartner R, Forteza MJ, Ketelhuth DFJ. The interplay between cytokines and the Kynurenine pathway in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Cytokine 2017; 122:154148. [PMID: 28899580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the major metabolic route of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), the enzyme responsible for the first and rate-limiting step in the pathway, as well as other enzymes in the pathway, have been shown to be highly regulated by cytokines. Hence, the KP has been implicated in several pathologic conditions, including infectious diseases, psychiatric disorders, malignancies, and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, recent studies have linked the KP with atherosclerosis, suggesting that Trp metabolism could play an essential role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the vascular wall. This review summarizes experimental and clinical evidence of the interplay between cytokines and the KP and the potential role of the KP in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Baumgartner
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Forteza
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Rebnord EW, Strand E, Midttun Ø, Svingen GFT, Christensen MHE, Ueland PM, Mellgren G, Njølstad PR, Tell GS, Nygård OK, Pedersen ER. The kynurenine:tryptophan ratio as a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals with coronary artery disease. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1712-1721. [PMID: 28612106 PMCID: PMC5552838 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The tryptophan metabolite kynurenine has potent immune modulatory and vasoactive properties. Experimental data implicate kynurenine in obesity-related morbidities. Epidemiological studies are, however, sparse. We evaluated associations of the plasma and urine kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR) to incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS We followed 2519 individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD; 73.1% men) without diabetes at baseline for a median of 7.6 years, during which 173 (6.9%) new incidences of type 2 diabetes were identified. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to investigate the prospective relationships of plasma and urine KTR with new onset type 2 diabetes. RESULTS At inclusion, mean (SD) age was 61.3 (10.4) years, BMI was 25.9 (3.71) kg/m2 and median (interquartile range) HbA1c was 5.6% (5.0%-6.0%) (38 [31-42] mmol/mol). Plasma KTR was not significantly related to type 2 diabetes risk. By contrast, urine KTR showed a strong positive association. Comparing quartile 4 with quartile 1, the HRs (95% CIs) were 2.59 (1.56, 4.30) and 2.35 (1.39, 3.96) in the age- and sex-adjusted and multivariate models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Urine KTR is a strong predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in individuals with CAD. Potential clinical implications and possible pathogenic roles of renal kynurenine excretion in type 2 diabetes development should be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik W Rebnord
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Elin Strand
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monika H E Christensen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar K Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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