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Tanaka LY, Kumar S, Gutierre LF, Magnun C, Kajihara D, Kang DW, Laurindo FRM, Jo H. Disturbed flow regulates protein disulfide isomerase A1 expression via microRNA-204. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1327794. [PMID: 38638277 PMCID: PMC11024637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1327794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox processes can modulate vascular pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) is overexpressed during vascular proliferative diseases, regulating thrombus formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress adaptation, and structural remodeling. However, both protective and deleterious vascular effects have been reported for PDIA1, depending on the cell type and underlying vascular condition. Further understanding of this question is hampered by the poorly studied mechanisms underlying PDIA1 expression regulation. Here, we showed that PDIA1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated (average 5-fold) in the intima and media/adventitia following partial carotid ligation (PCL). Our search identified that miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p (miR-204/211), two broadly conserved miRNAs, share PDIA1 as a potential target. MiR-204/211 was downregulated in vascular layers following PCL. In isolated endothelial cells, gain-of-function experiments of miR-204 with miR mimic decreased PDIA1 mRNA while having negligible effects on markers of endothelial activation/stress response. Similar effects were observed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, PDIA1 downregulation by miR-204 decreased levels of the VSMC contractile differentiation markers. In addition, PDIA1 overexpression prevented VSMC dedifferentiation by miR-204. Collectively, we report a new mechanism for PDIA1 regulation through miR-204 and identify its relevance in a model of vascular disease playing a role in VSMC differentiation. This mechanism may be regulated in distinct stages of atherosclerosis and provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y. Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lucas F. Gutierre
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Magnun
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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De Bono C, Liu Y, Ferrena A, Valentine A, Zheng D, Morrow BE. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a non-autonomous Tbx1-dependent genetic program controlling cardiac neural crest cell development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1551. [PMID: 36941249 PMCID: PMC10027855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) results in congenital heart disease, yet we do not understand the cell fate dynamics as these cells differentiate to vascular smooth muscle cells. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of NCCs from the pharyngeal apparatus with the heart in control mouse embryos and when Tbx1, the gene for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is inactivated. We uncover three dynamic transitions of pharyngeal NCCs expressing Tbx2 and Tbx3 through differentiated CNCCs expressing cardiac transcription factors with smooth muscle genes. These transitions are altered non-autonomously by loss of Tbx1. Further, inactivation of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in early CNCCs results in aortic arch branching defects due to failed smooth muscle differentiation. Loss of Tbx1 interrupts mesoderm to CNCC cell-cell communication with upregulation and premature activation of BMP signaling and reduced MAPK signaling, as well as alteration of other signaling, and failed dynamic transitions of CNCCs leading to disruption of aortic arch artery formation and cardiac outflow tract septation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher De Bono
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aneesa Valentine
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology; and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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3
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Zhang W, Zhao J, Deng L, Ishimwe N, Pauli J, Wu W, Shan S, Kempf W, Ballantyne MD, Kim D, Lyu Q, Bennett M, Rodor J, Turner AW, Lu YW, Gao P, Choi M, Warthi G, Kim HW, Barroso MM, Bryant WB, Miller CL, Weintraub NL, Maegdefessel L, Miano JM, Baker AH, Long X. INKILN is a novel long noncoding RNA promoting vascular smooth muscle inflammation via scaffolding MKL1 and USP10. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.07.522948. [PMID: 36711681 PMCID: PMC9881896 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.07.522948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) inflammation is vital to initiate vascular disease. However, the role of human-specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in VSMC inflammation is poorly understood. Methods Bulk RNA-seq in differentiated human VSMCs revealed a novel human-specific lncRNA called IN flammatory M K L1 I nteracting L ong N oncoding RNA ( INKILN ). INKILN expression was assessed in multiple in vitro and ex vivo models of VSMC phenotypic modulation and human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) samples. The transcriptional regulation of INKILN was determined through luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Both loss- and gain-of-function approaches and multiple RNA-protein and protein-protein interaction assays were utilized to uncover the role of INKILN in VSMC proinflammatory gene program and underlying mechanisms. Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) transgenic (Tg) mice were utilized to study INKLIN expression and function in ligation injury-induced neointimal formation. Results INKILN expression is downregulated in contractile VSMCs and induced by human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. INKILN is transcriptionally activated by the p65 pathway, partially through a predicted NF-κB site within its proximal promoter. INKILN activates the proinflammatory gene expression in cultured human VSMCs and ex vivo cultured vessels. Mechanistically, INKILN physically interacts with and stabilizes MKL1, a key activator of VSMC inflammation through the p65/NF-κB pathway. INKILN depletion blocks ILIβ-induced nuclear localization of both p65 and MKL1. Knockdown of INKILN abolishes the physical interaction between p65 and MKL1, and the luciferase activity of an NF-κB reporter. Further, INKILN knockdown enhances MKL1 ubiquitination, likely through the reduced physical interaction with the deubiquitinating enzyme, USP10. INKILN is induced in injured carotid arteries and exacerbates ligation injury-induced neointimal formation in BAC Tg mice. Conclusions These findings elucidate an important pathway of VSMC inflammation involving an INKILN /MKL1/USP10 regulatory axis. Human BAC Tg mice offer a novel and physiologically relevant approach for investigating human-specific lncRNAs under vascular disease conditions.
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Sun X, Yin JW, Liang Y, Li C, Gao P, Yu Y, Wang G. Mediator Med23 deficiency in smooth muscle cells prevents neointima formation after arterial injury. Cell Discov 2021; 7:59. [PMID: 34341334 PMCID: PMC8329203 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Zhongshan Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yin
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chonghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingjin Gao
- International Peace Maternity and Children Hospital of China Welfare Institution, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Fernandes DC, Wosniak J, Gonçalves RC, Tanaka LY, Fernandes CG, Zanatta DB, de Mattos ABM, Strauss BE, Laurindo FRM. PDIA1 acts as master organizer of NOX1/NOX4 balance and phenotype response in vascular smooth muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:603-614. [PMID: 33227407 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype underlie disease pathophysiology and are strongly regulated by NOX NADPH oxidases, with NOX1 favoring synthetic proliferative phenotype and NOX4 supporting differentiation. Growth factor-triggered NOX1 expression/activity strictly depends on the chaperone oxidoreductase protein disulfide isomerase-A1 (PDIA1). Intracellular PDIA1 is required for VSMC migration and cytoskeleton organization, while extracellular PDIA1 fine-tunes cytoskeletal mechanoadaptation and vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that PDIA1 orchestrates NOX1/NOX4 balance and VSMC phenotype. Using an inducible PDIA1 overexpression model in VSMC, we showed that early PDIA1 overexpression (for 24-48 h) increased NOX1 expression, hydrogen peroxide steady-state levels and spontaneous VSMC migration distances. Sustained PDIA1 overexpression for 72 h and 96 h supported high NOX1 levels while also increasing NOX4 expression and, remarkably, switched VSMC phenotype to differentiation. Differentiation was preceded by increased nuclear myocardin and serum response factor-response element activation, with no change in cell viability. Both NOX1 and hydrogen peroxide were necessary for later PDIA1-induced VSMC differentiation. In primary VSMC, PDIA1 knockdown decreased nuclear myocardin and increased the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Newly-developed PDIA1-overexpressing mice (TgPDIA1) exhibited normal general and cardiovascular baseline phenotypes. However, in TgPDIA1 carotids, NOX1 was decreased while NOX4 and calponin expressions were enhanced, indicating overdifferentiation vs. normal carotids. Moreover, in a rabbit overdistension injury model during late vascular repair, PDIA1 silencing impaired VSMC redifferentiation and NOX1/NOX4 balance. Our results suggest a model in which PDIA1 acts as an upstream organizer of NOX1/NOX4 balance and related VSMC phenotype, accounting for baseline differentiation setpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Fernandes
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Wosniak
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata C Gonçalves
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina G Fernandes
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela B Zanatta
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Barbosa M de Mattos
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Onuh JO, Qiu H. Serum response factor-cofactor interactions and their implications in disease. FEBS J 2020; 288:3120-3134. [PMID: 32885587 PMCID: PMC7925694 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF), a member of the Mcm1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF (MADS) box transcription factor, is widely expressed in all cell types and plays a crucial role in the physiological function and development of diseases. SRF regulates its downstream genes by binding to their CArG DNA box by interacting with various cofactors. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, therefore attracting increasing research attention due to the importance of this topic. This review's objective is to discuss the new progress in the studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of SRF and its impacts in physiological and pathological conditions. Notably, we summarized the recent studies on the interaction of SRF with its two main types of cofactors belonging to the myocardin families of transcription factors and the members of the ternary complex factors. The knowledge of these mechanisms will create new opportunities for understanding the dynamics of many traits and disease pathogenesis especially, cardiovascular diseases and cancer that could serve as targets for pharmacological control and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oloche Onuh
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Neuronal regulation of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular coupling. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:416-432. [PMID: 32636528 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To continuously process neural activity underlying sensation, movement and cognition, the CNS requires a homeostatic microenvironment that is not only enriched in nutrients to meet its high metabolic demands but that is also devoid of toxins that might harm the sensitive neural tissues. This highly regulated microenvironment is made possible by two unique features of CNS vasculature absent in the peripheral organs. First, the blood-blood barrier, which partitions the circulating blood from the CNS, acts as a gatekeeper to facilitate the selective trafficking of substances between the blood and the parenchyma. Second, neurovascular coupling ensures that, following local neural activation, regional blood flow is increased to quickly supply more nutrients and remove metabolic waste. Here, we review how neural and vascular activity act on one another with regard to these two properties.
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8
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Nagao M, Lyu Q, Zhao Q, Wirka RC, Bagga J, Nguyen T, Cheng P, Kim JB, Pjanic M, Miano JM, Quertermous T. Coronary Disease-Associated Gene TCF21 Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by Blocking the Myocardin-Serum Response Factor Pathway. Circ Res 2020; 126:517-529. [PMID: 31815603 PMCID: PMC7274203 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gene encoding TCF21 (transcription factor 21) has been linked to coronary artery disease risk by human genome-wide association studies in multiple racial ethnic groups. In murine models, Tcf21 is required for phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerotic tissues and promotes a fibroblast phenotype in these cells. In humans, TCF21 expression inhibits risk for coronary artery disease. The molecular mechanism by which TCF21 regulates SMC phenotype is not known. OBJECTIVE To better understand how TCF21 affects the SMC phenotype, we sought to investigate the possible mechanisms by which it regulates the lineage determining MYOCD (myocardin)-SRF (serum response factor) pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Modulation of TCF21 expression in human coronary artery SMC revealed that TCF21 suppresses a broad range of SMC markers, as well as key SMC transcription factors MYOCD and SRF, at the RNA and protein level. We conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to map SRF-binding sites in human coronary artery SMC, showing that binding is colocalized in the genome with TCF21, including at a novel enhancer in the SRF gene, and at the MYOCD gene promoter. In vitro genome editing indicated that the SRF enhancer CArG box regulates transcription of the SRF gene, and mutation of this conserved motif in the orthologous mouse SRF enhancer revealed decreased SRF expression in aorta and heart tissues. Direct TCF21 binding and transcriptional inhibition at colocalized sites were established by reporter gene transfection assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and protein coimmunoprecipitation studies provided evidence that TCF21 blocks MYOCD and SRF association by direct TCF21-MYOCD interaction. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that TCF21 antagonizes the MYOCD-SRF pathway through multiple mechanisms, further establishing a role for this coronary artery disease-associated gene in fundamental SMC processes and indicating the importance of smooth muscle response to vascular stress and phenotypic modulation of this cell type in coronary artery disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Qing Lyu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14624
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert C Wirka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joetsaroop Bagga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14624
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
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9
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Miano JM, Long X, Lyu Q. CRISPR links to long noncoding RNA function in mice: A practical approach. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 114:1-12. [PMID: 30822570 PMCID: PMC6435418 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has uncovered a trove of short noncoding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that act as molecular rheostats in the control of diverse homeostatic processes. Meanwhile, the tsunamic emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing has transformed our influence over all DNA-carrying entities, heralding global CRISPRization. This is evident in biomedical research where the ease and low-cost of CRISPR editing has made it the preferred method of manipulating the mouse genome, facilitating rapid discovery of genome function in an in vivo context. Here, CRISPR genome editing components are updated for elucidating lncRNA function in mice. Various strategies are highlighted for understanding the function of lncRNAs residing in intergenic sequence space, as host genes that harbor microRNAs or other genes, and as natural antisense, overlapping or intronic genes. Also discussed is CRISPR editing of mice carrying human lncRNAs as well as the editing of competing endogenous RNAs. The information described herein should assist labs in the rigorous design of experiments that interrogate lncRNA function in mice where complex disease processes can be modeled thus accelerating translational discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Qing Lyu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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10
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Wu W, Zhang W, Choi M, Zhao J, Gao P, Xue M, Singer HA, Jourd'heuil D, Long X. Vascular smooth muscle-MAPK14 is required for neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing VSMC differentiation and inducing proliferation and inflammation. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101137. [PMID: 30771750 PMCID: PMC6377391 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury-induced stenosis is a serious vascular complication. We previously reported that p38α (MAPK14), a redox-regulated p38MAPK family member was a negative regulator of the VSMC contractile phenotype in vitro. Here we evaluated the function of VSMC-MAPK14 in vivo in injury-induced neointima hyperplasia and the underlying mechanism using an inducible SMC-MAPK14 knockout mouse line (iSMC-MAPK14-/-). We show that MAPK14 expression and activity were induced in VSMCs after carotid artery ligation injury in mice and ex vivo cultured human saphenous veins. While the vasculature from iSMC-MAPK14-/- mice was indistinguishable from wildtype littermate controls at baseline, these mice exhibited reduced neointima formation following carotid artery ligation injury. Concomitantly, there was an increased VSMC contractile protein expression in the injured vessels and a decrease in proliferating cells. Blockade of MAPK14 through a selective inhibitor suppressed, while activation of MAPK14 by forced expression of an upstream MAPK14 kinase promoted VSMC proliferation in cultured VSMCs. Genome wide RNA array combined with VSMC lineage tracing studies uncovered that vascular injury evoked robust inflammatory responses including the activation of proinflammatory gene expression and accumulation of CD45 positive inflammatory cells, which were attenuated in iSMC-MAPK14-/- mice. Using multiple pharmacological and molecular approaches to manipulate MAPK14 pathway, we further confirmed the critical role of MAPK14 in activating proinflammatory gene expression in cultured VSMCs, which occurs in a p65/NFkB-dependent pathway. Finally, we found that NOX4 contributes to MAPK14 suppression of the VSMC contractile phenotype. Our results revealed that VSMC-MAPK14 is required for injury-induced neointima formation, likely through suppressing VSMC differentiation and promoting VSMC proliferation and inflammation. Our study will provide mechanistic insights into therapeutic strategies for mitigation of vascular stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Mihyun Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jinjing Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Min Xue
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David Jourd'heuil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.
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11
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Contribution of p62/SQSTM1 to PDGF-BB-induced myofibroblast-like phenotypic transition in vascular smooth muscle cells lacking Smpd1 gene. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1145. [PMID: 30451833 PMCID: PMC6242941 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a critical role of autophagy in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) homeostasis in atherogenesis. However, little is known about the modulatory role of autophagy in PDGF-BB-induced SMC transition towards the synthetic phenotype and extracellular matrix remodeling. We recently demonstrated that acid sphingomyelinase (ASM, encoded by Smpd1 gene) controls autophagy maturation in coronary arterial SMCs. Here, we demonstrate that PDGF-BB stimulation causes a myofibroblast-like non-canonical synthetic phenotype transition in Smpd1−/− SMCs. These non-canonical phenotypic changes induced by PDGF-BB in Smpd1−/− SMCs were characterized by increased expression of fibroblast-specific protein (FSP-1), massive deposition of collagen type I, decreased cell size, elevated inflammatory status with enhanced cytokine release and adhesion molecule expression. Mechanistically, PDGF-BB induces prolonged Akt activation that causes decreased autophagosome biogenesis and thereby exaggerates p62/SQSTM1 accumulation in Smpd1−/− SMCs. More importantly, Akt inhibition or p62/SQSTM1 gene silencing attenuates PDGF-BB-induced phenotypic changes in Smpd1−/− SMCs. This first demonstration of a p62/SQSTM1-dependent myofibroblast-like phenotypic transition in Smpd1−/− SMCs suggests that ASM-mediated autophagy pathway contributes to maintaining the arterial smooth muscle homeostasis in situation of vascular remodeling during atherosclerosis.
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12
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Lee SJ, Kwon S, Gatti JR, Korcari E, Gresser TE, Felix PC, Keep SG, Pasquale KC, Bai T, Blanchett-Anderson SA, Wu NW, Obeng-Nyarko C, Senagbe KM, Young KC, Maripudi S, Yalavarthi BC, Korcari D, Liu AY, Schaffler BC, Keep RF, Wang MM. Large-scale identification of human cerebrovascular proteins: Inter-tissue and intracerebral vascular protein diversity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188540. [PMID: 29190776 PMCID: PMC5708641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebrovascular system is responsible for regulating demand-dependent perfusion and maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In addition, defects in the human cerebrovasculature lead to stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, vascular malformations, and vascular cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to discover new proteins of the human cerebrovascular system using expression data from the Human Protein Atlas, a large-scale project which allows public access to immunohistochemical analysis of human tissues. We screened 20,158 proteins in the HPA and identified 346 expression patterns correlating to blood vessels in human brain. Independent experiments showed that 51/52 of these distributions could be experimentally replicated across different brain samples. Some proteins (40%) demonstrated endothelial cell (EC)-enriched expression, while others were expressed primarily in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC; 18%); 39% of these proteins were expressed in both cell types. Most brain EC markers were tissue oligospecific; that is, they were expressed in endothelia in an average of 4.8 out of 9 organs examined. Although most markers expressed in endothelial cells of the brain were present in all cerebral capillaries, a significant number (21%) were expressed only in a fraction of brain capillaries within each brain sample. Among proteins found in cerebral VSMC, virtually all were also expressed in peripheral VSMC and in non-vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Only one was potentially brain specific: VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor). HRC (histidine rich calcium binding protein) and VHL were restricted to VSMC and not found in non-vascular tissues such as uterus or gut. In conclusion, we define a set of brain vascular proteins that could be relevant to understanding the unique physiology and pathophysiology of the human cerebrovasculature. This set of proteins defines inter-organ molecular differences in the vasculature and confirms the broad heterogeneity of vascular cells within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Soonhyung Kwon
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John R. Gatti
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ejona Korcari
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ty E. Gresser
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Princess C. Felix
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Simon G. Keep
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Pasquale
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tongxu Bai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Nancy W. Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charissa Obeng-Nyarko
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kossi M. Senagbe
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kathy C. Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Snehaa Maripudi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bharath C. Yalavarthi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dajana Korcari
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andre Y. Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Schaffler
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Richard F. Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lacolley P, Regnault V, Segers P, Laurent S. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Arterial Stiffening: Relevance in Development, Aging, and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1555-1617. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cushioning function of large arteries encompasses distension during systole and recoil during diastole which transforms pulsatile flow into a steady flow in the microcirculation. Arterial stiffness, the inverse of distensibility, has been implicated in various etiologies of chronic common and monogenic cardiovascular diseases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The first components that contribute to arterial stiffening are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that support the mechanical load, while the second important components are vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which not only regulate actomyosin interactions for contraction but mediate also mechanotransduction in cell-ECM homeostasis. Eventually, VSMC plasticity and signaling in both conductance and resistance arteries are highly relevant to the physiology of normal and early vascular aging. This review summarizes current concepts of central pressure and tensile pulsatile circumferential stress as key mechanical determinants of arterial wall remodeling, cell-ECM interactions depending mainly on the architecture of cytoskeletal proteins and focal adhesion, the large/small arteries cross-talk that gives rise to target organ damage, and inflammatory pathways leading to calcification or atherosclerosis. We further speculate on the contribution of cellular stiffness along the arterial tree to vascular wall stiffness. In addition, this review provides the latest advances in the identification of gene variants affecting arterial stiffening. Now that important hemodynamic and molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness have been elucidated, and the complex interplay between ECM, cells, and sensors identified, further research should study their potential to halt or to reverse the development of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Regnault
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Segers
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Zhao J, Jourd'heuil FL, Xue M, Conti D, Lopez-Soler RI, Ginnan R, Asif A, Singer HA, Jourd'heuil D, Long X. Dual Function for Mature Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells During Arteriovenous Fistula Remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e004891. [PMID: 28360226 PMCID: PMC5533005 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred form of hemodialysis access for patients with chronic kidney disease. However, AVFs are associated with significant problems including high incidence of both early and late failures, usually attributed to inadequate venous arterialization and neointimal hyperplasia, respectively. Understanding the cellular basis of venous remodeling in the setting of AVF could provide targets for improving AVF patency rates. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) lineage tracing reporter mouse, Myh11-Cre/ERT2-mTmG, was used to track mature VSMCs in a clinically relevant AVF mouse model created by a jugular vein branch end to carotid artery side anastomosis. Prior to AVF surgery, differentiated medial layer VSMCs were labeled with membrane green fluorescent protein (GFP) following tamoxifen induction. Four weeks after AVF surgery, we observed medial VSMC layer thickening in the middle region of the arterialized vein branch. This thickened medial VSMC layer was solely composed of differentiated VSMCs that were GFP+/MYH11+/Ki67-. Extensive neointimal hyperplasia occurred in the AVF region proximal to the anastomosis site. Dedifferentiated VSMCs (GFP+/MYH11-) were a major cellular component of the neointima. Examination of failed human AVF samples revealed that the processes of VSMC phenotypic modulation and intimal hyperplasia, as well as medial VSMC layer thickening, also occurred in human AVFs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a dual function for mature VSMCs in AVF remodeling, with differentiated VSMCs contributing to medial wall thickening towards venous maturation and dedifferentiated VSMCs contributing to neointimal hyperplasia. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying venous adaptations during AVF remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | | | - Min Xue
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David Conti
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Group, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | | | - Roman Ginnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Arif Asif
- Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Neptune, NJ
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - David Jourd'heuil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
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15
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Ganesan MK, Finsterwalder R, Leb H, Resch U, Neumüller K, de Martin R, Petzelbauer P. Three-Dimensional Coculture Model to Analyze the Cross Talk Between Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:38-49. [PMID: 27923320 PMCID: PMC5240006 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of blood vessels to physiological and pathological stimuli partly depends on the cross talk between endothelial cells (EC) lining the luminal side and smooth muscle cells (SMC) building the inner part of the vascular wall. Thus, the in vitro analysis of the pathophysiology of blood vessels requires coculture systems of EC and SMC. We have developed and validated a modified three-dimensional sandwich coculture (3D SW-CC) of EC and SMC using open μ-Slides with a thin glass bottom allowing direct imaging. The culture dish comprises an intermediate plate to minimize the meniscus resulting in homogenous cell distribution. Human umbilical artery SMC were sandwiched between coatings of rat tail collagen I. Following SMC quiescence, human umbilical vein EC were seeded on top of SMC and cultivated until confluence. By day 7, EC had formed a confluent monolayer and continuous vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin-positive cell/cell contacts. Below, spindle-shaped SMC had formed parallel bundles and showed increased calponin expression compared to day 1. EC and SMC were interspaced by a matrix consisting of laminin, collagen IV, and perlecan. Basal messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of E-selectin, angiopoietin-1, calponin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) of the 3D SW-CC was comparable to that of a freshly isolated mouse inferior vena cava. Addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) to the 3D SW-CC induced E-selectin and ICAM-1 mRNA and protein induction, comparable to the EC and SMC monolayers. In contrast, the addition of activated platelets induced a significantly delayed but more pronounced activation in the 3D SW-CC compared to EC and SMC monolayers. Thus, this 3D SW-CC permits analyzing the cross talk between EC and SMC that mediate cellular quiescence as well as the response to complex activation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Karthika Ganesan
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Finsterwalder
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heide Leb
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Neumüller
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Zhao J, Zhang W, Lin M, Wu W, Jiang P, Tou E, Xue M, Richards A, Jourd'heuil D, Asif A, Zheng D, Singer HA, Miano JM, Long X. MYOSLID Is a Novel Serum Response Factor-Dependent Long Noncoding RNA That Amplifies the Vascular Smooth Muscle Differentiation Program. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2088-99. [PMID: 27444199 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) represent a growing class of noncoding genes with diverse cellular functions. We previously reported on SENCR, an lncRNA that seems to support the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractile phenotype. However, information about the VSMC-specific lncRNAs regulated by myocardin (MYOCD)/serum response factor, the master switch for VSMC differentiation, is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS To define novel lncRNAs with functions related to VSMC differentiation, we performed RNA sequencing in human coronary artery SMCs that overexpress MYOCD. Several novel lncRNAs showed altered expression with MYOCD overexpression and one, named MYOcardin-induced Smooth muscle LncRNA, Inducer of Differentiation (MYOSLID), was activated by MYOCD and selectively expressed in VSMCs. MYOSLID was a direct transcriptional target of both MYOCD/serum response factor and transforming growth factor-β/SMAD pathways. Functional studies revealed that MYOSLID promotes VSMC differentiation and inhibits VSMC proliferation. MYOSLID showed reduced expression in failed human arteriovenous fistula samples compared with healthy veins. Although MYOSLID did not affect gene expression of transcription factors, such as serum response factor and MYOCD, its depletion in VSMCs disrupted actin stress fiber formation and blocked nuclear translocation of MYOCD-related transcription factor A (MKL1). Finally, loss of MYOSLID abrogated transforming growth factor-β1-induced SMAD2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that MYOSLID, the first human VSMC-selective and serum response factor/CArG-dependent lncRNA, is a novel modulator in amplifying the VSMC differentiation program, likely through feed-forward actions of both MKL1 and transforming growth factor-β/SMAD pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Mingyan Lin
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Wen Wu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Pengtao Jiang
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Emiley Tou
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Min Xue
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Angelene Richards
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - David Jourd'heuil
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Arif Asif
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Deyou Zheng
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Harold A Singer
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Joseph M Miano
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.)
| | - Xiaochun Long
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (J.Z., W.Z., W.W., E.T., M.X., A.R., D.J., H.A.S., X.L.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ (A.A.); Departments of Genetics (M.L., D.Z.) and Neurology and Neuroscience (D.Z.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (P.J., J.M.M.); and National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (M.X.).
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Liu R, Jin JP. Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. Gene 2016; 585:143-153. [PMID: 26970176 PMCID: PMC5325697 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein expressed in smooth muscle and many types of non-muscle cells. Three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3, encoding calponin isoforms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are present in vertebrate species. All three calponin isoforms are actin-binding proteins with functions in inhibiting actin-activated myosin ATPase and stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton, while each isoform executes different physiological roles based on their cell type-specific expressions. Calponin 1 is specifically expressed in smooth muscle cells and plays a role in fine-tuning smooth muscle contractility. Calponin 2 is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells and regulates multiple actin cytoskeleton-based functions. Calponin 3 participates in actin cytoskeleton-based activities in embryonic development and myogenesis. Phosphorylation has been extensively studied for the regulation of calponin functions. Cytoskeleton tension regulates the transcription of CNN2 gene and the degradation of calponin 2 protein. This review summarizes our knowledge learned from studies over the past three decades, focusing on the evolutionary lineage of calponin isoform genes, their tissue- and cell type-specific expressions, structure-function relationships, and mechanoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - J-P Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Coll-Bonfill N, de la Cruz-Thea B, Pisano MV, Musri MM. Noncoding RNAs in smooth muscle cell homeostasis: implications in phenotypic switch and vascular disorders. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1071-87. [PMID: 27109570 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) are a highly specialized cell type that exhibit extraordinary plasticity in adult animals in response to a number of environmental cues. Upon vascular injury, SMC undergo phenotypic switch from a contractile-differentiated to a proliferative/migratory-dedifferentiated phenotype. This process plays a major role in vascular lesion formation and during the development of vascular remodeling. Vascular remodeling comprises the accumulation of dedifferentiated SMC in the intima of arteries and is central to a number of vascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern SMC phenotype. In the last decade, a number of new classes of noncoding RNAs have been described. These molecules have emerged as key factors controlling tissue homeostasis during physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, in the regulation of SMC plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B de la Cruz-Thea
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M V Pisano
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M M Musri
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
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19
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Zeng L, Li Y, Yang J, Wang G, Margariti A, Xiao Q, Zampetaki A, Yin X, Mayr M, Mori K, Wang W, Hu Y, Xu Q. XBP 1-Deficiency Abrogates Neointimal Lesion of Injured Vessels Via Cross Talk With the PDGF Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2134-44. [PMID: 26315405 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation play an essential role in neointimal formation after vascular injury. In this study, we intended to investigate whether the X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) was involved in these processes. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo studies on femoral artery injury models revealed that vascular injury triggered an immediate upregulation of XBP1 expression and splicing in vascular SMCs and that XBP1 deficiency in SMCs significantly abrogated neointimal formation in the injured vessels. In vitro studies indicated that platelet-derived growth factor-BB triggered XBP1 splicing in SMCs via the interaction between platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. The spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) increased SMC migration via PI3K/Akt activation and proliferation via downregulating calponin h1 (CNN1). XBP1s directed the transcription of mir-1274B that targeted CNN1 mRNA degradation. Proteomic analysis of culture media revealed that XBP1s decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins secretion via transcriptional suppression. TGF-β3 but not TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 attenuated XBP1s-induced CNN1 decrease and SMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that XBP1 is crucial for SMC proliferation via modulating the platelet-derived growth factor/TGF-β pathways, leading to neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Zeng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
| | - Yi Li
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Juanyao Yang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Gang Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Andriana Margariti
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Wen Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (L.Z., Y.L., J.Y., A.Z., X.Y., M.M., Y.H., Q.X.); Institute of Bioengineering (J.Y., W.W.) and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (G.W.); Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom (A.M.); and Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (K.M.).
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20
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Miano JM, Long X. The short and long of noncoding sequences in the control of vascular cell phenotypes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3457-88. [PMID: 26022065 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The two principal cell types of importance for normal vessel wall physiology are smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Much progress has been made over the past 20 years in the discovery and function of transcription factors that coordinate proper differentiation of these cells and the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. More recently, the converging fields of bioinformatics, genomics, and next generation sequencing have accelerated discoveries in a number of classes of noncoding sequences, including transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), microRNA genes, and long noncoding RNA genes, each of which mediates vascular cell differentiation through a variety of mechanisms. Alterations in the nucleotide sequence of key TFBS or deviations in transcription of noncoding RNA genes likely have adverse effects on normal vascular cell phenotype and function. Here, the subject of noncoding sequences that influence smooth muscle cell or endothelial cell phenotype will be summarized as will future directions to further advance our understanding of the increasingly complex molecular circuitry governing normal vascular cell differentiation and how such information might be harnessed to combat vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA,
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21
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Musunuru K. Genome editing of a CArG element in the mouse genome establishes its role in gene expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:496-7. [PMID: 25717176 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Musunuru
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
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22
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Han Y, Slivano OJ, Christie CK, Cheng AW, Miano JM. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of a single regulatory element nearly abolishes target gene expression in mice--brief report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:312-5. [PMID: 25538209 PMCID: PMC4304932 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the importance of a single regulatory element in the control of Cnn1 expression using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) genome editing. APPROACH AND RESULTS The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to produce 3 of 18 founder mice carrying point mutations in an intronic CArG box of the smooth muscle cell-restricted Cnn1 gene. Each founder was bred for germline transmission of the mutant CArG box and littermate interbreeding to generate homozygous mutant (Cnn1(ΔCArG/ΔCArG)) mice. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showed dramatic reductions in Cnn1 mRNA and CNN1 protein expression in Cnn1(ΔCArG/ΔCArG) mice with no change in other smooth muscle cell-restricted genes and little evidence of off-target edits elsewhere in the genome. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed a sharp decrease in binding of serum response factor to the mutant CArG box. Loss of CNN1 expression was coincident with an increase in Ki-67 positive cells in the normal vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of a single CArG box nearly abolishes Cnn1 expression in vivo and evokes increases in smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis. This facile genome editing system paves the way for a new generation of studies designed to test the importance of individual regulatory elements in living animals, including regulatory variants in conserved sequence blocks linked to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (Y.H., O.J.S., C.K.C., J.M.M.); and Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME (A.W.C.)
| | - Orazio J Slivano
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (Y.H., O.J.S., C.K.C., J.M.M.); and Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME (A.W.C.)
| | - Christine K Christie
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (Y.H., O.J.S., C.K.C., J.M.M.); and Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME (A.W.C.)
| | - Albert W Cheng
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (Y.H., O.J.S., C.K.C., J.M.M.); and Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME (A.W.C.)
| | - Joseph M Miano
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (Y.H., O.J.S., C.K.C., J.M.M.); and Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME (A.W.C.).
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23
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Ardila DC, Tamimi E, Danford FL, Haskett DG, Kellar RS, Doetschman T, Vande Geest JP. TGFβ2 differentially modulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in electrospun gelatin-fibrinogen constructs. Biomaterials 2015; 37:164-73. [PMID: 25453947 PMCID: PMC4312204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A main goal of tissue engineering is the development of scaffolds that replace, restore and improve injured tissue. These scaffolds have to mimic natural tissue, constituted by an extracellular matrix (ECM) support, cells attached to the ECM, and signaling molecules such as growth factors that regulate cell function. In this study we created electrospun flat sheet scaffolds using different compositions of gelatin and fibrinogen. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded on the scaffolds, and proliferation and infiltration were evaluated. Additionally, different concentrations of Transforming Growth Factor-beta2 (TGFβ2) were added to the medium with the aim of elucidating its effect on cell proliferation, migration and collagen production. Our results demonstrated that a scaffold with a composition of 80% gelatin-20% fibrinogen is suitable for tissue engineering applications since it promotes cell growth and migration. The addition of TGFβ2 at low concentrations (≤ 1 ng/ml) to the culture medium resulted in an increase in SMC proliferation and scaffold infiltration, and in the reduction of collagen production. In contrast, TGFβ2 at concentrations >1 ng/ml inhibited cell proliferation and migration while stimulating collagen production. According to our results TGFβ2 concentration has a differential effect on SMC function and thus can be used as a biochemical modulator that can be beneficial for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Ardila
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ehab Tamimi
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Forest L Danford
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Darren G Haskett
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Robert S Kellar
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Tom Doetschman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Sarver Heart Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; BIO5 Institute for Biocollaborative Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jonathan P Vande Geest
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; BIO5 Institute for Biocollaborative Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Myocardin (MYOCD) is a potent transcriptional coactivator that functions primarily in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle through direct contacts with serum response factor (SRF) over cis elements known as CArG boxes found near a number of genes encoding for contractile, ion channel, cytoskeletal, and calcium handling proteins. Since its discovery more than 10 years ago, new insights have been obtained regarding the diverse isoforms of MYOCD expressed in cells as well as the regulation of MYOCD expression and activity through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational processes. Curiously, there are a number of functions associated with MYOCD that appear to be independent of contractile gene expression and the CArG-SRF nucleoprotein complex. Further, perturbations in MYOCD gene expression are associated with an increasing number of diseases including heart failure, cancer, acute vessel disease, and diabetes. This review summarizes the various biological and pathological processes associated with MYOCD and offers perspectives to several challenges and future directions for further study of this formidable transcriptional coactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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25
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Biswas Shivhare S, Bulmer JN, Innes BA, Hapangama DK, Lash GE. Altered vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in the endometrial vasculature in menorrhagia. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1884-94. [PMID: 25006206 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does the smooth muscle content and differentiation stage of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in endometrial blood vessels change according to the different phases of the menstrual cycle and is this altered in women with menorrhagia? SUMMARY ANSWER The smooth muscle content (as a proportion of the vascular cross-sectional area) of endometrial blood vessels remained unchanged during the normal menstrual cycle and in menorrhagia; however, expression of the VSMC differentiation markers, smoothelin and calponin, was dysregulated in endometrial blood vessels in samples from women with menorrhagia compared with controls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Menorrhagia affects 30% of women of reproductive age and is the leading indication for hysterectomy. Previous studies have suggested important structural and functional roles for endometrial blood vessels, including impaired vascular contractility. Differentiation of VSMC from a synthetic to contractile state is associated with altered cellular phenotype that contributes to normal blood flow and pressure. This vascular maturation process has been little studied in endometrium both across the normal menstrual cycle and in menorrhagia. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Endometrial biopsies were taken from hysterectomy specimens or by pipelle biopsy prior to hysterectomy in controls without endometrial pathology and in women with menorrhagia (n = 7 for each of proliferative, early-secretory, mid-secretory and late-secretory phases for both groups). Biopsies were formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin wax. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections were immunostained for α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), H-caldesmon, desmin, smoothelin and calponin (h1 or basic). VSMC content was measured in 25 αSMA(+) vascular cross sections per sample and expressed as a ratio of the muscular area:gross vascular cross-sectional area. VSMC differentiation was analysed by the presence/absence of differentiation markers compared with αSMA expression. Smoothelin and calponin expression was also analysed in relation to total number of blood vessels by double immunostaining for endothelial cell markers. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Study of VSMC differentiation markers revealed decreased expression of calponin both in αSMA(+) vessels (P = 0.008) and in relation to total number of vessels (P = 0.001) in late secretory phase endometrium in menorrhagia compared with controls. Smoothelin expression in αSMA(+) vessels was increased (P = 0.03) in menorrhagia, although this was not significant in relation to the total number of vessels. In normal endometrium, the proportion of blood vessels expressing αSMA increased from 63% in proliferative endometrium to 81% in the late secretory phase (P = 0.002). The overall arterial muscle content did not differ between control and menorrhagia at any phase of the menstrual cycle, occupying 78-81% of gross vascular cross-sectional area during the different menstrual cycle phases. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study included both straight and spiral arterioles and analysed only stratum functionalis. The VSMC differentiation with respect to αSMA expression is an observational study and the data are presented as presence or absence of the differentiation markers in each field of view, corresponding with the vascular cross sections included in the study of vascular muscle content. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Smoothelin and calponin have been widely implicated as important regulators of vascular tone, vascular contractility and rate of blood flow. Our results have uncovered a disparate pattern of calponin expression, potentially indicating a dysfunctional contraction mechanism in the endometrial blood vessels in menorrhagia, thus implicating calponin as a potential therapeutic target. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by Wellbeing of Women (RG1342) and Newcastle University. There are no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourima Biswas Shivhare
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Judith N Bulmer
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Barbara A Innes
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dharani K Hapangama
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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26
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Kirchmer MN, Franco A, Albasanz-Puig A, Murray J, Yagi M, Gao L, Dong ZM, Wijelath ES. Modulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype by STAT-1 and STAT-3. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:169-75. [PMID: 24657387 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) de-differentiation is a key step that leads to pathological narrowing of blood vessels. De-differentiation involves a reduction in the expression of the SMC contractile genes that are the hallmark of quiescent SMCs. While there is considerable evidence linking inflammation to vascular diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms by which inflammatory signals lead to SMC de-differentiation. Given that the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) transcriptional factors are the key signaling molecules activated by many inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, the aim of the present study was to determine if STAT transcriptional factors play a role SMC de-differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using shRNA targeted to STAT-1 and STAT-3, we show by real time RT-PCR and Western immunoblots that STAT-1 significantly reduces SMC contractile gene expression. In contrast, STAT-3 promotes expression of SMC contractile genes. Over-expression studies of STAT-1 and STAT-3 confirmed our observation that STAT-1 down-regulates whereas STAT-3 promotes SMC contractile gene expression. Bioinformatics analysis shows that promoters of all SMC contractile genes contain STAT binding sites. Finally, using ChIP analysis, we show that both STAT-1 and STAT-3 associate with the calponin gene. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the balance of STAT-1 and STAT-3 influences the differentiation status of SMCs. Increased levels of STAT-1 promote SMC de-differentiation, whereas high levels of STAT-3 drive SMC into a more mature phenotype. Thus, inhibition of STAT-1 may represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention in the control of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Namekata Kirchmer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anais Franco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adaia Albasanz-Puig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Murray
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mayumi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhao Ming Dong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Errol S Wijelath
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Yamin R, Morgan KG. Deciphering actin cytoskeletal function in the contractile vascular smooth muscle cell. J Physiol 2012; 590:4145-54. [PMID: 22687615 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.232306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the vascular smooth muscle cells present in the medial layer of the blood vessels wall in the fully differentiated state (dVSMCs). The dVSMC contractile phenotype enables these cells to respond in a highly regulated manner to changes in extracellular stimuli. Through modulation of vascular contractile force and vascular compliance dVSMCs regulate blood pressure and blood flow. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which vascular smooth muscle contractile functions are regulated are not completely elucidated. Recent studies have documented a critical role for actin polymerization and cytoskeletal dynamics in the regulation of contractile function. Here we will review the current understanding of actin cytoskeletal dynamics and focal adhesion function in dVSMCs in order to better understand actin cytoskeleton connections to the extracellular matrix and the effects of cytoskeletal remodelling on vascular contractility and vascular stiffness in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Yamin
- Health Sciences Department, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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