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Gasbarrino K, Zheng H, Daskalopoulou SS. Circulating Sex-Specific Markers of Plaque Instability in Women and Men With Severe Carotid Atherosclerosis. Stroke 2024; 55:269-277. [PMID: 38252755 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific differences in plaque composition and instability underscore the need to explore circulating markers for better prediction of high-risk plaques. This cross-sectional study aims to (1) investigate differences in lipid, immune, and adipokine circulating profiles between men and women with stable versus unstable plaques and (2) identify circulating markers that can better classify men and women according to plaque instability. METHODS Preoperative blood samples and plaque specimens were collected from consecutive men and women with carotid artery stenosis ≥50% and who underwent a carotid endarterectomy between 2009 and 2018. Adipokine, lipid, and immune profiling was conducted. Plaque stability was determined by gold-standard histological classifications. Statistical analyses, including χ2, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression, assessed differences in plaque features and blood parameters between men and women with stable and unstable plaques. RESULTS Of 470 recruited patients (aged 70.8±9.2 years), the final study analyses included 317 men and 143 women (aged 71.0±9.0 years). Men exhibited more unstable plaques (P<0.001), characterized by increased plaque hemorrhage, larger lipid core, and inflammation (P<0.001), along with less favorable circulating profiles. Antagonistic interactions between sex and white blood cell (WBC) counts, basophil-to-WBC ratio, and platelet counts influenced plaque instability. In men, low WBC counts, high monocyte-to-WBC ratio, low basophil-to-WBC ratio, and high LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels were associated with greater plaque instability (odds ratio, 0.827 [95% CI, 0.713-0.926], 1.158 [95% CI, 1.027-1.305], 0.495 [95% CI, 0.281-0.871], and 1.564 [95% CI, 1.001-2.443], respectively) and more unstable features (ie, inflammation, foam cells, and neovascularization). In women, a high basophil-to-WBC ratio was associated with greater plaque instability (3.142 [95% CI, 1.220-8.093]), hemorrhage, and thrombosis, while a high molecular weight-to-total adiponectin ratio was associated with decreased instability (0.014 [95% CI, 0.000-0.646]) and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated sex-specific differences, with women displaying more stable plaque phenotypes and favorable circulating profiles compared with men. This proof-of-concept study was also designed as the key first step in exploring novel sex-specific associations between circulating lipid, immune, and adipokine profiles and carotid plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gasbarrino
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Huaien Zheng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre (S.S.D.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Lin X, Qu J, Yin L, Wang R, Wang X. Aerobic exercise-induced decrease of chemerin improved glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver of diabetes mice through key metabolism enzymes and proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159409. [PMID: 37871796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated an important role of adipokine chemerin in exercise-induced improvements of glycolipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes rat, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study first used an exogenous chemerin supplement to clarify the roles of decreased chemerin in exercised diabetes mice and possible mechanisms of glucose and lipid metabolism key enzymes and proteins [such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)]. In addition, two kinds of adipose-specific chemerin knockout mice were generated to demonstrate the regulation of chemerin on glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes and proteins. We found that in diabetes mice, exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver, and exercise-induced increases of ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 in liver, gastrocnemius and fat were reversed by exogenous chemerin. Furthermore, in chemerin knockdown mice, chemerin(-/-)∙adiponectin mice had lower body fat mass, improved blood glucose and lipid, and no fatty liver; while chemerin(-/-)∙fabp4 mice had hyperlipemia and unchanged body fat mass. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ATGL, LPL, GLUT4 and PEPCK in the liver and gastrocnemius had improve changes in chemerin(-/-)·adiponectin mice while deteriorated alterations in chemerin(-/-)·fabp4 mice, although PPARγ, ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 increased in the fat of two kinds of chemerin(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased chemerin exerts an important role in exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes mice, which was likely to be through PPARγ mediating elevations of ATGL, LPL and GLUT4 in peripheral metabolic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Luo J, He Z, Li Q, Lv M, Cai Y, Ke W, Niu X, Zhang Z. Adipokines in atherosclerosis: unraveling complex roles. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1235953. [PMID: 37645520 PMCID: PMC10461402 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1235953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are biologically active factors secreted by adipose tissue that act on local and distant tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms. However, adipokines are believed to be involved in an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Classical adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, and ceramide, while newly identified adipokines include visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin, omentin, and asprosin. New evidence suggests that adipokines can play an essential role in atherosclerosis progression and regression. Here, we summarize the complex roles of various adipokines in atherosclerosis lesions. Representative protective adipokines include adiponectin and neuregulin 4; deteriorating adipokines include leptin, resistin, thrombospondin-1, and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 5; and adipokines with dual protective and deteriorating effects include C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 1 and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3; and adipose tissue-derived bioactive materials include sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramide, and adipose tissue-derived exosomes. However, the role of a newly discovered adipokine, asprosin, in atherosclerosis remains unclear. This article reviews progress in the research on the effects of adipokines in atherosclerosis and how they may be regulated to halt its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengna Lv
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuli Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ke
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Khan H, Shaikh F, Syed MH, Mamdani M, Saposnik G, Qadura M. Current Biomarkers for Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Metabolites 2023; 13:919. [PMID: 37623863 PMCID: PMC10456624 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS), an atherosclerotic disease of the carotid artery, is one of the leading causes of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and cerebrovascular attacks (CVA). The atherogenic process of CAS affects a wide range of physiological processes, such as inflammation, endothelial cell function, smooth muscle cell migration and many more. The current gold-standard test for CAS is Doppler ultrasound; however, there is yet to be determined a strong, clinically validated biomarker in the blood that can diagnose patients with CAS and/or predict adverse outcomes in such patients. In this comprehensive literature review, we evaluated all of the current research on plasma and serum proteins that are current contenders for biomarkers for CAS. In this literature review, 36 proteins found as potential biomarkers for CAS were categorized in to the following nine categories based on protein function: (1) Inflammation and Immunity, (2) Lipid Metabolism, (3) Haemostasis, (4) Cardiovascular Markers, (5) Markers of Kidney Function, (6) Bone Health, (7) Cellular Structure, (8) Growth Factors, and (9) Hormones. This literature review is the most up-to-date and current comprehensive review of research on biomarkers of CAS, and the only review that demonstrated the several pathways that contribute to the initiation and progression of the disease. With this review, future studies can determine if any new markers, or a panel of the proteins explored in this study, may be contenders as diagnostic or prognostic markers for CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Khan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muzammil H. Syed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Gasbarrino K, Hafiane A, Gianopoulos I, Zheng H, Mantzoros CS, Daskalopoulou SS. Relationship between circulating adipokines and cholesterol efflux in subjects with severe carotid atherosclerosis. Metabolism 2023; 140:155381. [PMID: 36566801 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) as a measure of high-density lipoprotein functionality is independently and inversely associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, and advanced plaque morphology. Adipokines, adipose tissue-derived factors, can influence systemic lipoprotein metabolism, and participate in the regulation of vascular function and inflammation. We aimed to investigate the association between CEC and circulating adipokine levels (anti-inflammatory adiponectin, and pro-inflammatory chemerin and resistin) in subjects with severe carotid atherosclerotic disease and evaluate its impact on post-surgical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a cross-sectional study with a 5-year follow-up component. Consecutive patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy were recruited from hospital-based centres in Montreal, Canada (n = 285). Fasting blood samples were collected pre-operatively and used to measure plasma total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, chemerin, and resistin, and to perform cholesterol efflux assays in J774 macrophage-like cells. Five-year post-surgery outcomes were obtained through medical chart review. Subjects had a mean age of 70.1 ± 9.4, were 67.0 % male, had various comorbidities (hypercholesterolemia [85.3 %], hypertension [83.5 %], type 2 diabetes [34.5 %], coronary artery disease [38.6 %]), and previously experienced cerebrovascular symptomatology (77.9 %). CEC was independently and positively associated with total and HMW adiponectin levels (ß [95 % confidence interval]; 0.216 [0.134-0.298] and 0.107 [0.037-0.176], respectively) but not with chemerin or resistin. Total adiponectin had the greatest association accounting for 8.3 % of the variance in CEC. Interaction regression models demonstrated a significant interaction between adiponectin and chemerin in increasing CEC. Notably, with each unit increase in CEC there was a 93.9 % decrease in the odds of having an ischemic cerebrovascular event 5 years post-surgery (0.061 [0.007-0.561]). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated circulating adiponectin to have a strong association with increased CEC in subjects with severe carotid atherosclerosis and high CEC to be associated with more favourable post-surgical outcomes. These findings reflect the importance of adipose tissue health in influencing CEC levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gasbarrino
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Anouar Hafiane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Ioanna Gianopoulos
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Huaien Zheng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada; Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Canada.
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6
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Ren Q, Wang H, Zeng Y, Fang X, Wang M, Li D, Huang W, Xu Y. Circulating chemerin levels in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:27. [PMID: 35236351 PMCID: PMC8889738 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Chemerin is a brand-new adipokine that has been linked to both inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Even though a rising number of studies have connected chemerin to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), this association has been controversial. Methods A comprehensive literature search was undertaken up to February 1, 2022, in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, and CBM library databases. Circulating chemerin levels were obtained and summarized using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the possibility of heterogeneity. Results A total of 17 studies involving 2580 participants (1584 MAFLD patients and 996 controls) evaluated circulating chemerin levels in patients with MAFLD. The present study showed that higher chemerin levels were found in patients with MAFLD (SMD: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.29, 2.35) and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (SMD: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.01, 1.50) compared to controls. However, circulating chemerin levels did not differ significantly in the following comparisons: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and controls (SMD: 0.75; 95% CI: -0.52, 2.03); NASH patients and NAFL patients (SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: -0.39, 0.70); moderate to severe steatosis and mild steatosis (SMD: 0.55; 95% CI: -0.59, 1.69); present liver fibrosis and absent liver fibrosis (SMD: 0.66; 95% CI: -0.42, 1.74); present lobular inflammation and absent lobular inflammation (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: -0.53, 1.42); and present portal inflammation and absent portal inflammation (SMD: 1.92; 95% CI: -0.85, 4.69). Conclusions Chemerin levels were considerably greater in patients with MAFLD than in controls, despite the fact that they were not significantly linked to different liver tissue lesions of MAFLD. In different subtypes of MAFLD, in comparison to healthy controls, the chemerin levels of NAFL patients were higher, whereas, there was no obvious difference in chemerin levels between NASH patients and controls. It is possible that chemerin will be used as a biomarker in the future to track the development and progression of MAFLD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01637-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Kigka VI, Potsika V, Mantzaris M, Tsakanikas V, Koncar I, Fotiadis DI. Serum Biomarkers in Carotid Artery Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112143. [PMID: 34829489 PMCID: PMC8619296 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery disease is considered a major cause of strokes and there is a need for early disease detection and management. Although imaging techniques have been developed for the diagnosis of carotid artery disease and different imaging-based markers have been proposed for the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, there is still need for a definition of high-risk plaques in asymptomatic patients who may benefit from surgical intervention. Measurement of circulating biomarkers is a promising method to assist in patient-specific disease management, but the lack of robust clinical evidence limits their use as a standard of care. The purpose of this review paper is to present circulating biomarkers related to carotid artery diagnosis and prognosis, which are mainly provided by statistical-based clinical studies. The result of our investigation showed that typical well-established inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers related to patient lipid profiles are associated with carotid artery disease. In addition to this, more specialized types of biomarkers, such as endothelial and cell adhesion, matrix degrading, and metabolic biomarkers seem to be associated with different carotid artery disease outputs, assisting vascular specialists in selecting patients at high risk for stroke and in need of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki I. Kigka
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vassiliki Potsika
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Michalis Mantzaris
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vassilis Tsakanikas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Igor Koncar
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinic Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.I.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research Institute—FORTH, University Campus of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-09006; Fax: +30-26510-08889
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8
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Sofogianni A, Tziomalos K, Koletsa T, Pitoulias AG, Skoura L, Pitoulias GA. Using Serum Biomarkers for Identifying Unstable Carotid Plaque: Update of Current Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1899-1903. [PMID: 33183188 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201112094734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis is responsible for a great proportion of ischemic strokes. Early identification of unstable or vulnerable carotid plaques, and therefore, of patients at high risk for stroke, is of significant medical and socioeconomical value. We reviewed the current literature and discussed the potential role of the most important serum biomarkers in identifying patients with carotid atherosclerosis who are at high risk for atheroembolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Sofogianni
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos G Pitoulias
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A Pitoulias
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Gennimatas Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yanofsky R, Sancho C, Gasbarrino K, Zheng H, Doonan RJ, Jaunet F, Steinmetz-Wood S, Veinot JP, Lai C, Daskalopoulou SS. Expression of Resistin, Chemerin, and Chemerin's Receptor in the Unstable Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Stroke 2021; 52:2537-2546. [PMID: 33980047 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Yanofsky
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.Y.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Karina Gasbarrino
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Huaien Zheng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert J Doonan
- Department of Vascular Surgery (R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fanny Jaunet
- Department of Biological Engineering, Polytech Nice-Sophia, Biot, France (F.J.)
| | - Samantha Steinmetz-Wood
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington (S.S.-W.)
| | - John P Veinot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Chi Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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10
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Sun R, Qiao Y, Yan G, Wang D, Zuo W, Ji Z, Zhang X, Yao Y, Ma G, Tang C. Association between serum adipsin and plaque vulnerability determined by optical coherence tomography in patients with coronary artery disease. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2414-2425. [PMID: 34012589 PMCID: PMC8107545 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Early identification of vulnerable plaques is important for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to reduce acute coronary events and improve their prognosis. We sought to examine the relationship between adipsin, an adipokine secreted from adipocytes, and plaque vulnerability in CAD patients. Methods A total of 103 plaques from 99 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography were assessed by optical coherence tomography. The serum level of adipsin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The accuracy of adipsin for detecting thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Of the 99 patients, 49 were classified into the low adipsin group and 50 into the high adipsin group according to the median level of serum adipsin (2.43 µg/mL). The plaques from the high adipsin group exhibited a greater lipid index (2,700.0 vs. 1,975.9° × mm, P=0.015) and an increased proportion of TCFAs (41.2% vs. 21.2%, P=0.028) compared with the low adipsin group. Serum adipsin was found to be negatively correlated with fibrous cap thickness (ρ=−0.322, P=0.002), while it was positively correlated with average lipid arc (ρ=0.253, P=0.015), maximum lipid arc (ρ=0.211, P=0.044), lipid core length (ρ=0.241, P=0.021), lipid index (ρ=0.335, P=0.001), and vulnerability score (ρ=0.254, P=0.014). Furthermore, adipsin had a significant association with TCFAs (OR: 1.290, 95% CI: 1.048–1.589, P=0.016) in the multivariate analysis, while having a moderate diagnostic accuracy for TCFAs (AUC: 0.710, 95% CI: 0.602–0.817, P<0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that serum adipsin is significantly and positively correlated with the incidence of TCFAs. The application of adipsin as a biomarker may offer improvement in the diagnosis of vulnerable plaques and clinical benefits for CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Huang H, Tong TT, Yau LF, Wang JR, Lai MH, Zhang CR, Wen XH, Li SN, Li KY, Liu JQ, Ma HX, Tsang BK, Jiang ZH. Chemerin isoform analysis in human biofluids using an LC/MRM-MS-based targeted proteomics approach with stable isotope-labeled standard. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:79-87. [PMID: 33190712 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted proteomics has advantages over earlier conventional technologies for protein detection. We developed and validated an LC/MRM-MS-based targeted proteomic method combined with immunoaffinity precipitation for the enrichment and detection of low abundance chemerin isoforms in human biofluids. After tryptic digestion, each chemerin isoform was characterized by isoform-specific peptides, and the absolute quantification was achieved by using stable isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards. In serum, follicular fluid and synovial fluid, a total of 6 chemerin isoforms were identified and quantified, among which a novel natural isoform 153Q was discovered for the first time. The relative content of the six chemerin isoforms in human serum was 157S ≫ 156F ≫ 158K > 154F ≥ 155A > 153Q in the ratio of 25:17:5:2.5:2.2:1, respectively. The absolute contents were in the range of 88-3.5 ng/mL. This distribution remained consistent among the 3 biofluids analyzed. Total chemerin were found to be increased in both polycystic ovary syndrome (serum and follicular fluid) and rheumatoid arthritis (serum) patients. However, chemerin isoform analysis revealed that only 156F & 157S were increased in the former, while 155A, 156F & 157S were increased in the latter. This demonstrates the potential of this method in detailed characterization of changes in chemerin isoforms that may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lee-Fong Yau
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jing-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mao-Hua Lai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chun-Ren Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shu-Na Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kun-Yin Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510378, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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12
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Zheng Z, Zhao Q, Wei J, Wang B, Wang H, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Medical prevention and treatment of radiation-induced carotid injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110664. [PMID: 32861067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has significantly improved the survival of cancer patients but is also associated with several adversities, including radiation-induced carotid injury (RICI). The RICI mechanisms are complex, including vessel inflammatory injury, carotid atherosclerosis, intimal proliferation, media necrosis, and peri-adventitial fibrosis. The main manifestation and adverse consequence of RICI is carotid artery stenosis (CAS), which can lead to stroke and transient ischemic attack. Currently, carotid artery injury is primarily diagnosed via color-coded duplex sonography. Early detection of traumatic changes in the carotid artery depends on measurements of carotid intima-media thickness; serum biomarker testing also shows great potential. CAS is mainly treated with carotid endarterectomy or carotid angioplasty and stent implantation. Notably, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are advantageous in RICI treatment and reduce carotid inflammation, oxidative stress, and delaying atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the mechanisms, examination methods, and latest treatments for RICI to provide data for its clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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13
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Askin L, Duman H, Ozyıldız A, Tanriverdi O. Association of Serum Chemerin Levels with Coronary Artery Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Research. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2019.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that chemerin plays an essential role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Autopsy studies found a strong correlation between the secretion of chemerin in peripheral tissues and aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. Plasma chemerin is a marker of
systemic inflammation and is associated with metabolic syndrome. Chemerin plays a vital role in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Plasma chemerin levels are increased in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and chemerin is associated with left ventricular dysfunction. In this review,
we focus on chemerin expression, chemerin processing, its biological function, and its role in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfu Askin
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Hakan Duman
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ali Ozyıldız
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Okan Tanriverdi
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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14
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Gasbarrino K, Hafiane A, Zheng H, Daskalopoulou SS. Intensive Statin Therapy Compromises the Adiponectin-AdipoR Pathway in the Human Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage. Stroke 2019; 50:3609-3617. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Statins are widely used for cardiovascular disease prevention through cholesterol-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, acts via two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, to exert atheroprotective effects on the vasculature. We investigated whether statins can modulate the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway in the human monocyte-macrophage lineage.
Methods—
Monocytes were isolated from the whole blood of patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis (cross-sectional study) or from patients with cardiovascular risk factors (longitudinal study) and assessed for AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vitro, THP-1 (Tamm-Horsfall protein 1) macrophages were treated with increasing atorvastatin or rosuvastatin doses for 24- or 72-hours to determine the effect of statins on AdipoR expression and activity. Macrophage cytokine secretion (IL [interleukin]-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF [tumor necrosis factor]-α) was assessed by electrochemiluminescence.
Results—
AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA expression on circulating monocytes from patients with carotid atherosclerosis, was significantly lower by 1.36- and 1.17-fold, respectively, in statin users versus statin-naïve patients. Specifically, patients on high doses of atorvastatin (40–80 mg) or rosuvastatin (20–40 mg) had significantly lower AdipoR gene expression versus statin-naïve patients. Similarly, in the longitudinal in vivo study, longer atorvastatin/rosuvastatin treatment (≥5 months) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors resulted in lower AdipoR gene expression on circulating monocytes versus prestatin levels. In vitro, higher statin doses and longer exposure resulted in a greater decrease in AdipoR mRNA expression and greater macrophage secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. High statin doses also reduced adiponectin’s capacity to suppress intracellular cholesteryl ester levels in oxLDL (oxidized LDL)-loaded macrophages, with rosuvastatin exhibiting higher potency than atorvastatin.
Conclusions—
Our in vivo and in vitro studies identified a novel pleiotropic property of statins in modulating the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway in the human monocyte-macrophage lineage, where intensive statin therapy compromised the expression and function of adiponectin and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gasbarrino
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anouar Hafiane
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Huaien Zheng
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stella S. Daskalopoulou
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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15
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Kawada T. Employment status and insulin resistance in the elderly population. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1849-1850. [PMID: 31463923 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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16
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Zheng H, Gasbarrino K, Veinot JP, Lai C, Daskalopoulou SS. New Quantitative Digital Image Analysis Method of Histological Features of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 58:654-663. [PMID: 31543397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Plaque stability assessment is considered to be important for both clinical and fundamental applications. The current gold standard method to investigate plaque stability is performed by histological assessment of plaque features using semi-quantitative classifications. However, these assessments can be limited by subjectivity and variability. Thus, the aim was to develop a new digital image analysis method to measure quantitatively individual plaque features that is more precise than existing semi-quantitative methods. METHODS A quantitative method was developed using Image Pro Primer software. Carotid plaque specimens were obtained from patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy and categorised according to stability (definitely stable, probably stable, probably unstable, definitely unstable) based on the gold standard semi-quantitative method that assesses 10 histological plaque features. Using the new quantitative method, plaque features (n = 15) from each stability grade were then analysed by two independent raters. For the semi-quantitative analysis, quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa was used to test intra- and inter-rater reliability, while for the quantitative analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were assessed. RESULTS Intra-rater reliability demonstrated almost perfect agreement between both methods (Cohen's kappa range 0.831-0.969, ICC range 0.848-1.000). However, inter-rater reliability demonstrated mainly fair to moderate agreement (Cohen's kappa range 0.341-0.778) for the semi-quantitative analysis, while the digital image analysis method performed most optimally regarding reproducibility, yielding high ICCs close to 1 (ICC range 0.816-0.999). Using quantitative measurements, a statistically significant proportion of the individual plaque features (p < .05) were re-classified from one grade to another (shift by one) under the semi-quantitative classification. CONCLUSION A new quantitative digital image analysis was developed for the accurate assessment of histological plaque features, which demonstrated higher precision than the gold standard semi-quantitative methods, as measured by between and within rater analysis. Moreover, quantitative image analysis of histological plaque features provided more detailed insight into plaque morphology and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaien Zheng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karina Gasbarrino
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John P Veinot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chi Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ha
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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18
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Review of serum biomarkers in carotid atherosclerosis. J Vasc Surg 2019; 71:329-341. [PMID: 31327598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.04.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis is a preventable major cause of stroke, but there is still a need for definition of high-risk plaque in asymptomatic patients who might benefit from interventional therapies. Several image markers are recommended to characterize unstable plaques. The measurement of serum biomarkers is a promising method to assist in decision making, but the lack of robust evidence in the carotid environment burdens their potential as a standard of care. The goal of this review was to offer an updated state-of-the-art study of available serum biomarkers with clinical implications, with focus on those that may predict carotid symptom development. METHODS The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched (all until September 2018) for studies on carotid plaque and serum biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Nonhuman, basic science, and histology studies were excluded, focusing on clinical studies. Selected abstracts were screened to include the most relevant articles on atherosclerotic plaque presence, progression, instability or symptom development. RESULTS Some well-established biomarkers for coronary disease are not relevant to carotid atherosclerosis and other inflammatory biomarkers, lipids, interleukins, homocysteine, and adipokines may be useful in quantifying carotid disease-related risk. Some serum biomarkers combined with image features may assist vascular specialists in selecting patients at high risk for stroke and in need of intervention. CONCLUSIONS Prospective studies applying a combination of biomarkers are essential to prove clinical usefulness.
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19
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Kawada T. Serum adipokines and metabolic indicators in girls with Turner syndrome. Cytokine 2019; 123:154779. [PMID: 31310897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discuss the association between serum adipokines levels and metabolic indicators in girls with Turner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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20
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Lin X, Yang Y, Qu J, Wang X. Aerobic exercise decreases chemerin/CMKLR1 in the serum and peripheral metabolic organs of obesity and diabetes rats by increasing PPARγ. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:17. [PMID: 30873215 PMCID: PMC6402136 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the influences of exercise on the levels of chemerin and its receptor chemokine-like receptor (CMKLR1) in the peripheral metabolic organs of obesity and diabetes rats, and whether the mechanism is related to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a key modulator of glycolipid metabolism. Methods Obesity rats induced by 8-week high fat diet (HFD) were randomly divided into obesity group (OB) and exercised obesity group (EOB) with 8 rats each group, and 40 diabetes rats established by 8-week HFD plus low dose of streptozotocin were randomly divided into 4 groups: diabetes group (DM), exercised diabetes group (EDM), exercised diabetes plus PPARγ agonist pioglitazone group (EDP), and exercised diabetes plus PPARγ antagonist GW9662 group (EDG). The rats in EOB, EDM, EDG and EDP groups participated in a 4-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill with gradually increasing intensity, once a day and 6 days/week, and 30 min before each exercise EDP and EDG were administrated to the rats in EDP and EDG groups, respectively. Before and after 4-week exercise, glycolipid metabolism indexes, serum chemerin and the levels of chemerin and CMKLR1 in metabolic organs such as liver and gastrocnemius were investigated (not detecting adipose for no available perirenal adipose from DM rats). Results (1) In addition to serum chemerin, the levels of chemerin and CMKLR1 in the liver and gastrocnemius of EOB and EDM rats were declined, accompanied with the improved glycolipid metabolism. (2) The decreased chemerin/CMKLR1 in the EDM rats were reversed by PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and further strengthened by PPARγ agonist pioglitazones. Conclusions Besides serum chemerin, the levels of chemerin/CMKLR1 in the metabolic organs of obesity and diabetes rats were alleviated by exercise, which were likely to be associated with the improvement of glycolipid metabolism. Exercise-induced decrements of chemerin/CMKLR1 in the diabetes rats were mediated by PPARγ. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-019-0344-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
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21
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Er LK, Hsu LA, Juang JMJ, Chiang FT, Teng MS, Tzeng IS, Wu S, Lin JF, Ko YL. Circulating Chemerin Levels, but not the RARRES2 Polymorphisms, Predict the Long-Term Outcome of Angiographically Confirmed Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051174. [PMID: 30866520 PMCID: PMC6429458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin, a novel adipokine, has been associated with metabolic, inflammatory, and atherosclerotic diseases. We aimed to determine the genetic basis of chemerin levels by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and to investigate the role of RARRES2 polymorphisms and circulating chemerin levels in the long-term outcome of coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 2197 participants from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) were recruited for the GWAS analysis, and 481 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD were enrolled for long-term outcome analysis. One locus of genome-wide significance with a single independent association signal was identified in the GWAS for chemerin levels with the peak association at the RARRES2 gene promoter region polymorphism rs3735167 (p = 2.35 × 10−21). In the CAD population, borderline significance was noted between RARRES2 polymorphisms and chemerin levels, whereas high chemerin levels were associated with obesity, female sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, current smoking, high platelet and leukocyte counts, anemia, impaired renal function, high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and multi-vessel disease. Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicated that the patients with high chemerin and CRP levels, but not those with RARRES2 polymorphisms, had a lower survival rate and higher combined cerebral and cardiovascular event rates. Combined chemerin and CRP levels further revealed a stepwise increase in poor clinical outcomes from low- to high-risk subgroups. In conclusion, rs3735167 is the lead RARRES2 polymorphism for chemerin levels in Taiwanese. Chemerin levels, but not the rs3735167 genotypes, predicted the long-term outcome of CAD, especially when combined with CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leay Kiaw Er
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ming Jimmy Juang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital city, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Taipei, Taiwan and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital city, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Taipei, Taiwan and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei city 24352, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city 23142, Taiwan.
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Feng Lin
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city 23142, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city 23142, Taiwan.
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22
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Chemerin in human cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 110:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Chen YC, Huang AL, Kyaw TS, Bobik A, Peter K. Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture: Identifying the Straw That Breaks the Camel's Back. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 36:e63-72. [PMID: 27466619 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Alex L Huang
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Tin S Kyaw
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.).
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24
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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25
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Zylla S, Dörr M, Völzke H, Schminke U, Felix SB, Nauck M, Friedrich N. Association of Circulating Chemerin With Subclinical Parameters of Atherosclerosis: Results of a Population-Based Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1656-1664. [PMID: 29853566 PMCID: PMC6039419 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Chemerin has been shown to be associated with inflammation and metabolic syndrome, which are in turn leading risk factors for atherosclerosis. A few clinical studies have concentrated on the role of chemerin in atherosclerosis but revealed divergent findings. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of plasma chemerin levels with different subclinical measurements of atherosclerosis in a population-based sample. Approach and Results— Linear and logistic regression models with different atherosclerotic parameters as subclinical outcomes were applied to analyze data from 4003 subjects of the SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania). After adjustment for metabolic and inflammatory parameters, these models revealed no association of chemerin with carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, or carotid stenosis but a significant inverse association between chemerin and ankle-brachial index. In detail, logistic regression analysis showed that a 25-ng/mL increase in chemerin was associated with a 30% higher odd (95% confidence interval, 1.20–1.41) of having an ankle-brachial index value below the 25th age- and sex-specific quartile. Conclusions— Our analyses revealed a modest inverse association between chemerin and ankle-brachial index that remained consistent after adjustment for metabolic and inflammatory parameters. The association of chemerin with carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, or carotid stenosis was not significant after adjustment for the same confounder set. The investigated subclinical atherosclerotic parameters are representative for the atherosclerotic burden of different arterial regions and different disease stages. Thus, our results might suggest that the value of chemerin as a marker of higher atherosclerotic risk differs depending on the affected arterial region and disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zylla
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.Z., M.N., N.F.) .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.Z., M.D., H.V., S.B.F., M.N., N.F.)
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B (M.D., S.B.F.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.Z., M.D., H.V., S.B.F., M.N., N.F.)
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.Z., M.D., H.V., S.B.F., M.N., N.F.)
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology (U.S.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B (M.D., S.B.F.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.Z., M.D., H.V., S.B.F., M.N., N.F.)
| | - Matthias Nauck
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.Z., M.N., N.F.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.Z., M.D., H.V., S.B.F., M.N., N.F.)
| | - Nele Friedrich
- From the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.Z., M.N., N.F.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.Z., M.D., H.V., S.B.F., M.N., N.F.)
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26
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Kammerer A, Staab H, Herberg M, Kerner C, Klöting N, Aust G. Increased circulating chemerin in patients with advanced carotid stenosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:65. [PMID: 29653511 PMCID: PMC5899364 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemerin is an adipokine which plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. Here, we examined whether circulating chemerin is enhanced in patients with advanced carotid stenosis. Methods Chemerin was quantified in 178 patients prior to carotid end arterectomy (CEA) and in age- and gender-matched controls (n = 163). Chemerin levels were related to anthropometric, clinical and metabolic characteristics of the patients. Results Chemerin levels were higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Chemerin correlated to parameters associated with inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP, p < 0.001), leukocyte blood count (p < 0.001) and circulating TNF-α (p = 0.004) in the patients. Chemerin levels did not differ between asymptomatic (n = 93) and symptomatic patients who experienced an ischemic event within 6 months prior to CEA (n = 85). However, in the case of high-grade carotid stenosis (≥ 90%), chemerin levels were higher in symptomatic (n = 44) compared to asymptomatic patients (n = 41, p = 0.014). Chemerin was increased in patients with (n = 50) compared to patients without (n = 128) coronary artery disease (CAD, p = 0.002). A high level of chemerin increases the risk for CAD in patients (p = 0.0013). Conclusions Circulating chemerin is increased and correlates to inflammatory parameters in patients with advanced carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kammerer
- Research Laboratories; Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Staab
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Herberg
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Kerner
- Research Laboratories; Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB Adiposity Disease, Junior Research Group 2, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriela Aust
- Research Laboratories; Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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27
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Liu M, Lin X, Wang X. Decrease in serum chemerin through aerobic exercise plus dieting and its association with mitigation of cardio-metabolic risk in obese female adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:127-135. [PMID: 29306931 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise plus dieting intervention on serum chemerin in obese female adolescents and its possible role in mitigating cardio-metabolic risk including glucose and lipid metabolism, central fat and inflammation. METHODS Fifty obese female adolescents were randomly divided into two groups: exercise plus dieting group (n=30) and dieting group (n=20). The participants in the exercise plus dieting group completed 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise combined with dieting, while the subjects in the dieting group undertook only dieting. Before and after the experiments, anthropometric index, parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, serum chemerin and classic inflammatory indicators (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, leptin and adiponectin) were measured. RESULTS Compared with the dieting group, a decrease in serum chemerin was found in the exercise plus dieting group, accompanied by significant improvements in anthropometric index, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors. In addition, a higher serum chemerin level was found in obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the disappearance of MetS induced by exercise plus dieting might be related to the decrease in chemerin. Correlation analysis showed the correlations of the decrease in chemerin with the changes in body fat, glucose and lipid metabolic index, leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that as short a duration as 4-week aerobic exercise plus dieting decreased serum chemerin in obese female adolescents, which might be associated with the improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism, mitigation of inflammation and decrease in MetS incidence, thus lowering cardio-metabolic risk, while no health benefit resulted from slight dieting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Athletic Sports, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 200 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China, Phone: +86-21-51253520, Fax: +86-21-51253380
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28
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Xu T, Zuo P, Cao L, Gao Z, Ke K. Omentin-1 is Associated with Carotid Plaque Instability among Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:505-511. [PMID: 29225325 PMCID: PMC6005229 DOI: 10.5551/jat.42135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Omentin-1 was proved to be associated with ischemic stroke clinical functional outcome. It also predicted carotid atherosclerosis among metabolic syndrome subjects and type 2 diabetes patients. Our aim was to examine the association of omentin-1 levels with carotid plaque instability and stenosis degree among ischemic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 173 acute ischemic stroke patients were included in this study. Serum omentin-1 levels were assayed. Carotid ultrasound examinations were performed to evaluate the carotid plaque instability and stenosis degree. Multivariable logistic analyses were used to examine the association of serum omentin-1 levels with carotid plaque instability and stenosis degree. Results: Ischemic stroke patients with unstable carotid plaque had significantly lower levels of serum omentin-1 than patients with stable plaque (53 [40.2–64.1] vs 61.8 [52.4–77.2] ng/ml, P < 0.01). Subjects in the highest tertile of serum omentin-1 levels had a 0.31-fold risk of having unstable plaque compared with those in the lowest tertile (P < 0.05), and its trend test was significant (P for trend = 0.03). The integrated discrimination improvement was significantly improved in predicting carotid plaque instability when omentin-1 data was added to the multivariable logistic regression model. No significant association was detected between omentin-1 and moderate-severe carotid stenosis or occlusion. Conclusions: Among ischemic stroke patients, higher omentin-1 levels were inversely associated with carotid plaque instability, but not associated with moderate-severe carotid stenosis or occlusion. Omentin-1 may represent a biomarker for predicting carotid plaque instability of acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Peng Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
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29
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Gasbarrino K, Zheng H, Hafiane A, Veinot JP, Lai C, Daskalopoulou SS. Decreased Adiponectin-Mediated Signaling Through the AdipoR2 Pathway Is Associated With Carotid Plaque Instability. Stroke 2017; 48:915-924. [PMID: 28258256 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adiponectin, the most abundantly secreted anti-inflammatory adipokine, protects against all stages of atherosclerotic plaque formation by acting on its receptors, AdipoR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) and AdipoR2 (adiponectin receptor 2). Through binding of AdipoR1, adiponectin leads to the activation of the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) pathway, whereas stimulation of PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) is attributed to the binding of AdipoR2. However, the role of adiponectin and its receptors in plaque instability remains to be characterized. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway is associated with carotid atherosclerotic plaque instability. METHODS The instability of plaque specimens obtained from patients who underwent a carotid endarterectomy (n=143) was assessed using gold standard histological classifications. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that adiponectin and AdipoR1/AdipoR2 are expressed in human carotid plaques and that their expression was localized most abundantly in areas of macrophage and foam cell accumulation. Unstable plaques expressed more adiponectin protein (Western blot, P<0.05) and less AdipoR2 mRNA (2.11-fold decrease, P<0.05) than stable plaques, whereas AdipoR1 expression remained similar between stable and unstable plaques. Beyond AdipoR1/AdipoR2 expression, a graded decrease in PPAR-α protein levels was observed in relation to carotid plaque instability (P<0.001), whereas AMPK phosphorylation was increased (P<0.05). Our in vitro model of plaque instability, involving the induction of foam cells from human THP-1 (Tamm-Horsfall protein 1) macrophages treated with acetylated low-density lipoprotein, supported our in vivo conclusions. CONCLUSIONS An overall abundance of adiponectin with a decrease in AdipoR2 expression and activity was observed in unstable plaques, suggesting that reduced signaling through the AdipoR2 pathway, and not through AdipoR1, may contribute to plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gasbarrino
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.) and Division of Biochemistry (A.H.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Huaien Zheng
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.) and Division of Biochemistry (A.H.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Anouar Hafiane
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.) and Division of Biochemistry (A.H.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - John P Veinot
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.) and Division of Biochemistry (A.H.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Chi Lai
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.) and Division of Biochemistry (A.H.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine (K.G., H.Z., S.S.D.) and Division of Biochemistry (A.H.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.).
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Clinical relevance of biomarkers for the identification of patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque: Potential role and limitations of cysteine protease legumain. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:248-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Letra L, Sena C. Cerebrovascular Disease: Consequences of Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 19:163-189. [PMID: 28933065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known global impact of overweight and obesity in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, many aspects of this association are still inconsistently defined. In this chapter we aim to present a critical review on the links between obesity and both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and discuss its influence on functional outcomes, survival, and current treatments to acute and chronic stroke. The role of cerebrovascular endothelial function and respective modulation is also described as well as its laboratory and clinical assessment. In this context, the major contributing mechanisms underlying obesity-induced cerebral endothelial function (adipokine secretion, insulin resistance, inflammation, and hypertension) are discussed. A special emphasis is given to the participation of adipokines in the pathophysiology of stroke, namely adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin, and visfatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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