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Li D, Fan C, Li X, Zhao L. The role of macrophage polarization in vascular calcification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149863. [PMID: 38579535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an important factor in the high morbidity and mortality of Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Vascular damage caused by calcification of the intima or media impairs the physiological function of the vascular wall. Inflammation is a central factor in the development of vascular calcification. Macrophages are the main inflammatory cells. Dynamic changes of macrophages with different phenotypes play an important role in the occurrence, progression and stability of calcification. This review focuses on macrophage polarization and the relationship between macrophages of different phenotypes and calcification environment, as well as the mechanism of interaction, it is considered that macrophages can promote vascular calcification by releasing inflammatory mediators and promoting the osteogenic transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells and so on. In addition, several therapeutic strategies aimed at macrophage polarization for vascular calcification are described, which are of great significance for targeted treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chu Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, China.
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2
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Ma J, Wang X, Jia Y, Tan F, Yuan X, Du J. The roles of B cells in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Immunol 2024; 171:36-46. [PMID: 38763105 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Damage to the heart can start the repair process and cause cardiac remodeling. B cells play an important role in this process. B cells are recruited to the injured place and activate cardiac remodeling through secreting antibodies and cytokines. Different types of B cells showed specific functions in the heart. Among all types of B cells, heart-associated B cells play a vital role in the heart by secreting TGFβ1. B cells participate in the activation of fibroblasts and promote cardiac fibrosis. Four subtypes of B cells in the heart revealed the relationship between the B cells' heterogeneity and cardiac remodeling. Many cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, heart failure (HF), hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are related to B cells. The primary mechanisms of these B cell-related activities will be discussed in this review, which may also suggest potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuewang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyan Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianlin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Xu R, Vujić N, Bianco V, Reinisch I, Kratky D, Krstic J, Prokesch A. Lipid-associated macrophages between aggravation and alleviation of metabolic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00092-4. [PMID: 38705759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) are phagocytic cells with lipid-handling capacity identified in various metabolic derangements. During disease development, they locate to atherosclerotic plaques, adipose tissue (AT) of individuals with obesity, liver lesions in steatosis and steatohepatitis, and the intestinal lamina propria. LAMs can also emerge in the metabolically demanding microenvironment of certain tumors. In this review, we discuss major questions regarding LAM recruitment, differentiation, and self-renewal, and, ultimately, their acute and chronic functional impact on the development of metabolic diseases. Further studies need to clarify whether and under which circumstances LAMs drive disease progression or resolution and how their phenotype can be modulated to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Xu
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Isabel Reinisch
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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4
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Smit V, de Mol J, Kleijn MNAB, Depuydt MAC, de Winther MPJ, Bot I, Kuiper J, Foks AC. Sexual dimorphism in atherosclerotic plaques of aged Ldlr -/- mice. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38698438 PMCID: PMC11064395 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, the main underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and immune cell responses in the vascular wall, resulting in plaque formation. It is well-known that atherosclerosis prevalence and manifestation vary by sex. However, sexual dimorphism in the immune landscape of atherosclerotic plaques has up to date not been studied at high-resolution. In this study, we investigated sex-specific differences in atherosclerosis development and the immunological landscape of aortas at single-cell level in aged Ldlr-/- mice. METHODS We compared plaque morphology between aged male and female chow diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice (22 months old) with histological analysis. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry on CD45+ immune cells from aortas of aged Ldlr-/- mice, we explored the immune landscape in the atherosclerotic environment in males and females. RESULTS We show that plaque volume is comparable in aged male and female mice, and that plaques in aged female mice contain more collagen and cholesterol crystals, but less necrotic core and macrophage content compared to males. We reveal increased immune cell infiltration in female aortas and found that expression of pro-atherogenic markers and inflammatory signaling pathways was enriched in plaque immune cells of female mice. Particularly, female aortas show enhanced activation of B cells (Egr1, Cd83, Cd180), including age-associated B cells, in addition to an increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio, where Il1b+ M1-like macrophages display a more pro-inflammatory phenotype (Nlrp3, Cxcl2, Mmp9) compared to males. In contrast, increased numbers of age-associated Gzmk+CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Trem2+ macrophages were observed in male aortas. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings highlight that sex is a variable that contributes to immunological differences in the atherosclerotic plaque environment in mice and provide valuable insights for further preclinical studies into the impact of sex on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Smit
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jill de Mol
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Silver SV, Tucker KJ, Vickman RE, Lanman NA, Semmes OJ, Alvarez NS, Popovics P. PROSTATE CELL HETEROGENEITY AND CXCL17 UPREGULATION IN MOUSE STEROID HORMONE IMBALANCE. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.24.590980. [PMID: 38712029 PMCID: PMC11071464 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent age-related condition often characterized by debilitating urinary symptoms. Its etiology is believed to stem from hormonal imbalance, particularly an elevated estradiol-to-testosterone ratio and chronic inflammation. Our previous studies using a mouse steroid hormone imbalance model identified a specific increase in macrophages that migrate and accumulate in the prostate lumen where they differentiate into lipid-laden foam cells in mice implanted with testosterone and estradiol pellets, but not in sham animals. The current study focused on further characterizing the cellular heterogeneity of the prostate in this model as well as identifying the specific transcriptomic signature of the recruited foam cells. Moreover, we aimed to identify the epithelia-derived signals that drive macrophage infiltration and luminal translocation. Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with slow-release testosterone and estradiol pellets (T+E2) and harvested the ventral prostates two weeks later for scRNA-seq analysis, or performed sham surgery. We identified Ear2+ and Cd72+ macrophages that were elevated in response to steroid hormone imbalance, whereas a Mrc1+ resident macrophage population did not change. In addition, an Spp1+ foam cell cluster was almost exclusively found in T+E2 mice. Further markers of foam cells were also identified, including Gpnmb and Trem2, and GPNMB was confirmed as a novel histological marker with immunohistochemistry. Foam cells were also shown to express known pathological factors Vegf, Tgfb1, Ccl6, Cxcl16 and Mmp12. Intriguingly, a screen for chemokines identified the upregulation of epithelial-derived Cxcl17, a known monocyte attractant, in T+E2 prostates suggesting that it might be responsible for the elevated macrophage number as well as their translocation to the lumen. Our study identified macrophage subsets that respond to steroid hormone imbalance as well as further confirmed a potential pathological role of luminal foam cells in the prostate. These results underscore a pathological role of the identified prostate foam cells and suggests CXCL17-mediated macrophage migration as a critical initiating event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Kayah J. Tucker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Renee E Vickman
- Department of Surgery, Endeavor Health, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nadia A. Lanman
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - O John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Nehemiah S. Alvarez
- Department of Surgery, Endeavor Health, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
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Reilly NA, Sonnet F, Dekkers KF, Kwekkeboom JC, Sinke L, Hilt S, Suleiman HM, Hoeksema MA, Mei H, van Zwet EW, Everts B, Ioan-Facsinay A, Jukema JW, Heijmans BT. Oleic acid triggers metabolic rewiring of T cells poising them for T helper 9 differentiation. iScience 2024; 27:109496. [PMID: 38558932 PMCID: PMC10981094 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are the most common immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques, and the function of T cells can be altered by fatty acids. Here, we show that pre-exposure of CD4+ T cells to oleic acid, an abundant fatty acid linked to cardiovascular events, upregulates core metabolic pathways and promotes differentiation into interleukin-9 (IL-9)-producing cells upon activation. RNA sequencing of non-activated T cells reveals that oleic acid upregulates genes encoding key enzymes responsible for cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. Transcription footprint analysis links these expression changes to the differentiation toward TH9 cells, a pro-atherogenic subset. Spectral flow cytometry shows that pre-exposure to oleic acid results in a skew toward IL-9+-producing T cells upon activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of either cholesterol or fatty acid biosynthesis abolishes this effect, suggesting a beneficial role for statins beyond cholesterol lowering. Taken together, oleic acid may affect inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis by rewiring T cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A. Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Friederike Sonnet
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen F. Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lucy Sinke
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stan Hilt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hayat M. Suleiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A. Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik W. van Zwet
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T. Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Pertiwi KR, Teunissen MBM, Krebbers G, Willems MC, Huisman L, Poelen C, van der Wal AC, de Boer OJ. Enrichment of type 1 innate lymphoid cells in the course of human atherosclerotic plaque development suggests contribution to atherogenesis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354617. [PMID: 38638438 PMCID: PMC11024276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been implicated in multiple pathologic conditions, including atherogenesis, as documented in experimental mice studies, however, their role in atherosclerosis in humans remains unexplored. Methods Here, we identify ILCs and their dynamics in early, advanced, and complicated human carotid- and aortic atherosclerotic plaques, using a multiplex immunohistochemical quadruple-staining technique with prototypic transcription factors T-bet, GATA3, or RORgt for identification of the ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 subsets, respectively, in combination with lineage markers CD3, CD20/ CD79a and CD56 to exclude other lymphoid cell types. ILC subsets were quantified, and to put this in perspective, their numbers were expressed as percentage of the total number of infiltrated lymphoid cells and related to the frequency of conventional T cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells. Results All ILC subsets were present in every different stage of atherogenesis. ILC1s were the most abundant ILC subset, and their numbers significantly increased in the course of plaque development, but paradoxically, their relative frequency was reduced because of a higher increment of T cells and B cells. The numbers of ILC2s and ILC3s also gradually increased, but this trend did not achieve significance. T cell subsets always significantly outnumbered their ILC counterparts, except for the early lesions where the proportion of ILC1s was markedly higher, albeit not significant. Discussion The high abundance of ILC1s in the early stages and further significant enrichment in later stages, suggest they may participate in the initiation and development of atherogenesis, and thus, may represent a novel target to prevent or treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika R. Pertiwi
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine and Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marcel B. M. Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle Krebbers
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martine C.M. Willems
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Laurens Huisman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Cindy Poelen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Allard C. van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onno J. de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bashore AC, Yan H, Xue C, Zhu LY, Kim E, Mawson T, Coronel J, Chung A, Sachs N, Ho S, Ross LS, Kissner M, Passegué E, Bauer RC, Maegdefessel L, Li M, Reilly MP. High-Dimensional Single-Cell Multimodal Landscape of Human Carotid Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:930-945. [PMID: 38385291 PMCID: PMC10978277 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaques are complex tissues composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. However, our understanding of the comprehensive transcriptional and phenotypic landscape of the cells within these lesions is limited. METHODS To characterize the landscape of human carotid atherosclerosis in greater detail, we combined cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing to classify all cell types within lesions (n=21; 13 symptomatic) to achieve a comprehensive multimodal understanding of the cellular identities of atherosclerosis and their association with clinical pathophysiology. RESULTS We identified 25 cell populations, each with a unique multiomic signature, including macrophages, T cells, NK (natural killer) cells, mast cells, B cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Among the macrophages, we identified 2 proinflammatory subsets enriched in IL-1B (interleukin-1B) or C1Q expression, 2 TREM2-positive foam cells (1 expressing inflammatory genes), and subpopulations with a proliferative gene signature and SMC-specific gene signature with fibrotic pathways upregulated. Further characterization revealed various subsets of SMCs and fibroblasts, including SMC-derived foam cells. These foamy SMCs were localized in the deep intima of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Utilizing cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing data, we developed a flow cytometry panel, using cell surface proteins CD29, CD142, and CD90, to isolate SMC-derived cells from lesions. Lastly, we observed reduced proportions of efferocytotic macrophages, classically activated endothelial cells, and contractile and modulated SMC-derived cells, while inflammatory SMCs were enriched in plaques of clinically symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Our multimodal atlas of cell populations within atherosclerosis provides novel insights into the diversity, phenotype, location, isolation, and clinical relevance of the unique cellular composition of human carotid atherosclerosis. These findings facilitate both the mapping of cardiovascular disease susceptibility loci to specific cell types and the identification of novel molecular and cellular therapeutic targets for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Bashore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Hanying Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (H.Y., M.L.)
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Lucie Y Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Thomas Mawson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Johana Coronel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Allen Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (N.S., L.M.)
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Leila S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Michael Kissner
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development (M.K., E.P.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development (M.K., E.P.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (N.S., L.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (L.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinksa Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (L.M.)
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (H.Y., M.L.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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9
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Wu X, Zhang H. Omics Approaches Unveiling the Biology of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques. The American Journal of Pathology 2024; 194:482-498. [PMID: 38280419 PMCID: PMC10988765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the buildup of plaques with the accumulation and transformation of lipids, immune cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and necrotic cell debris. Plaques with collagen-poor thin fibrous caps infiltrated by macrophages and lymphocytes are considered unstable because they are at the greatest risk of rupture and clinical events. However, the current histologic definition of plaque types may not fully capture the complex molecular nature of atherosclerotic plaque biology and the underlying mechanisms contributing to plaque progression, rupture, and erosion. The advances in omics technologies have changed the understanding of atherosclerosis plaque biology, offering new possibilities to improve risk prediction and discover novel therapeutic targets. Genomic studies have shed light on the genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis, and integrative genomic analyses expedite the translation of genomic discoveries. Transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic studies have refined the understanding of the molecular signature of atherosclerotic plaques, aiding in data-driven hypothesis generation for mechanistic studies and offering new prospects for biomarker discovery. Furthermore, advancements in single-cell technologies and emerging spatial analysis techniques have unveiled the heterogeneity and plasticity of plaque cells. This review discusses key omics-based discoveries that have advanced the understanding of human atherosclerotic plaque biology, focusing on insights derived from omics profiling of human atherosclerotic vascular specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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10
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Beg MA, Huang M, Vick L, Rao KNS, Zhang J, Chen Y. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics and redox regulation in cardiovascular diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:290-303. [PMID: 38458847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence highlights the pivotal role of mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial for developing targeted therapeutics. Recent years have seen substantial advancements in unraveling mitochondrial regulatory pathways in both normal and pathological states and the development of potent drugs. However, specific delivery of drugs into the mitochondria is still a challenge. We present recent findings on regulators of mitochondrial dynamics and reactive oxygen species (ROS), critical factors influencing mitochondrial function in CVDs. We also discuss advancements in drug delivery strategies aimed at overcoming the technical barrier in targeting mitochondria for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minqi Huang
- HD Biosciences Inc. a WuXi AppTec company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lance Vick
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - K N Shashanka Rao
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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11
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Li C, Liu R, Xiong Z, Bao X, Liang S, Zeng H, Jin W, Gong Q, Liu L, Guo J. Ferroptosis: a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:331-344. [PMID: 38327187 PMCID: PMC10984869 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the main contributor to acute cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, is characterized by necrotic core formation and plaque instability induced by cell death. The mechanisms of cell death in AS have recently been identified and elucidated. Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent form of cell death, has been proven to participate in atherosclerotic progression by increasing endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, accumulated intracellular iron activates various signaling pathways or risk factors for AS, such as abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which can eventually lead to the disordered function of macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells. However, the molecular pathways through which ferroptosis affects AS development and progression are not entirely understood. This review systematically summarizes the interactions between AS and ferroptosis and provides a feasible approach for inhibiting AS progression from the perspective of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Li
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Xue Bao
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Sijia Liang
- Department of PharmacologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Haotian Zeng
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People’s HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Second Ward of General PediatricsSuizhou Central HospitalHubei University of MedicineSuizhou441300China
| | - Quan Gong
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Lian Liu
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
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12
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Swiatlowska P, Tipping W, Marhuenda E, Severi P, Fomin V, Yang Z, Xiao Q, Graham D, Shanahan C, Iskratsch T. Hypertensive Pressure Mechanosensing Alone Triggers Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Transdifferentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells to Foam Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308686. [PMID: 38145971 PMCID: PMC10916670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Arterial Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a central role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Upon exposure to pathological stimuli, they can take on alternative phenotypes that, among others, have been described as macrophage like, or foam cells. VSMC foam cells make up >50% of all arterial foam cells and have been suggested to retain an even higher proportion of the cell stored lipid droplets, further leading to apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and an inflammatory response. However, the mechanism of VSMC foam cell formation is still unclear. Here, it is identified that mechanical stimulation through hypertensive pressure alone is sufficient for the phenotypic switch. Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging demonstrates rapid lipid droplet formation and changes to lipid metabolism and changes are confirmed in ABCA1, KLF4, LDLR, and CD68 expression, cell proliferation, and migration. Further, a mechanosignaling route is identified involving Piezo1, phospholipid, and arachidonic acid signaling, as well as epigenetic regulation, whereby CUT&Tag epigenomic analysis confirms changes in the cells (lipid) metabolism and atherosclerotic pathways. Overall, the results show for the first time that VSMC foam cell formation can be triggered by mechanical stimulation alone, suggesting modulation of mechanosignaling can be harnessed as potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Swiatlowska
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - William Tipping
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1QAUK
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Paolo Severi
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Translational MedicineLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)University of FerraraFerrara44121Italy
| | | | - Zhisheng Yang
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1QAUK
| | - Cathy Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
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13
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Yang S, Wang M, Hua Y, Li J, Zheng H, Cui M, Huang N, Liu Q, Liao Q. Advanced insights on tumor-associated macrophages revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing: The intratumor heterogeneity, functional phenotypes, and cellular interactions. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216610. [PMID: 38244910 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an emerging technology used for cellular transcriptome analysis. The application of scRNA-seq has led to profoundly advanced oncology research, continuously optimizing novel therapeutic strategies. Intratumor heterogeneity extensively consists of all tumor components, contributing to different tumor behaviors and treatment responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the core immune cells linking innate and adaptive immunity, play significant roles in tumor progression and resistance to therapies. Moreover, dynamic changes occur in TAM phenotypes and functions subject to the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. The heterogeneity of TAMs corresponding to the state of the tumor microenvironment has been comprehensively recognized using scRNA-seq. Herein, we reviewed recent research and summarized variations in TAM phenotypes and functions from a developmental perspective to better understand the significance of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuze Hua
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huaijin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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14
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Libby P. Inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107255. [PMID: 38157682 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The notion that inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis has now gained considerable currency. Inflammation participates in atherosclerosis inception, progression, and thrombotic complications. Induced expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules and chemoattractant cytokines recruit blood cells to the arterial intima. Lesions can contain virtually every type of leukocyte. Monocytes mature into macrophages and imbibe lipids becoming foam cells, a hallmark of the atherosclerotic lesion. T lymphocytes can instruct the more numerous macrophages to express genes involved in the progression of the atheroma and its eventual destabilization. Inflammation is becoming clinically actionable to refine risk prediction, allocate treatments, and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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15
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Liu Z, Li L, Zhang H, Pang X, Qiu Z, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Platelet factor 4(PF4) and its multiple roles in diseases. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101155. [PMID: 38008700 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) combines with heparin to form an antigen that could produce IgG antibodies and participate in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). PF4 has attracted wide attention due to its role in novel coronavirus vaccine-19 (COVID-9)-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and cognitive impairments. The electrostatic interaction between PF4 and negatively charged molecules is vital in the progression of VITT, which is similar to HIT. Emerging evidence suggests its multiple roles in hematopoietic and angiogenic inhibition, platelet coagulation interference, host inflammatory response promotion, vascular inhibition, and antitumor properties. The emerging pharmacological effects of PF4 may help deepen the exploration of its mechanism, thus accelerating the development of targeted therapies. However, due to its pleiotropic properties, the development of drugs targeting PF4 is at an early stage and faces many challenges. Herein, we discussed the characteristics and biological functions of PF4, summarized PF4-mediated signaling pathways, and discussed its multiple roles in diseases to inform novel approaches for successful clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China.
| | - Longtu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China.
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16
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Zhang T, Pang C, Xu M, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Jiang X, Guo M. The role of immune system in atherosclerosis: Molecular mechanisms, controversies, and future possibilities. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110765. [PMID: 38369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular disorders have atherosclerosis as their pathological underpinning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that, with the aid of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, innate immunity, represented by monocytes/macrophages, and adaptive immunity, primarily T/B cells, play a critical role in controlling inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. Additionally, the finding of numerous complement components in atherosclerotic plaques suggests yet again how heavily the immune system controls atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough grasp of how the immune system contributes to atherosclerosis. The specific molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of immune cells and immune molecules in atherosclerosis, the controversy surrounding some immune cells in atherosclerosis, and the limitations of extrapolating from relevant animal models to humans were all carefully reviewed in this review from the three perspectives of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and complement system. This could provide fresh possibilities for atherosclerosis research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chenxu Pang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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17
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Britsch S, Langer H, Duerschmied D, Becher T. The Evolving Role of Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2450. [PMID: 38397127 PMCID: PMC10888834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. This inflammatory process is initiated and maintained by both innate and adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are antigen-presenting cells, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis and consist of various subtypes with distinct functional abilities. Following the recognition and binding of antigens, DCs become potent activators of cellular responses, bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. The modulation of specific DC subpopulations can have either pro-atherogenic or atheroprotective effects, highlighting the dual pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic roles of DCs. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving roles of DCs and their subtypes in the promotion or limitation of atherosclerosis development. Additionally, we explore antigen pulsing and pharmacological approaches to modulate the function of DCs in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Britsch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Becher
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
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18
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Zhao N, Yu X, Zhu X, Song Y, Gao F, Yu B, Qu A. Diabetes Mellitus to Accelerated Atherosclerosis: Shared Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:133-152. [PMID: 38091232 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the critical independent risk factors for the progression of cardiovascular disease, and the underlying mechanism regarding this association remains poorly understood. Hence, it is urgent to decipher the fundamental pathophysiology and consequently provide new insights into the identification of innovative therapeutic targets for diabetic atherosclerosis. It is now appreciated that different cell types are heavily involved in the progress of diabetic atherosclerosis, including endothelial cells, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, dependence on altered metabolic pathways, intracellular lipids, and high glucose. Additionally, extensive studies have elucidated that diabetes accelerates the odds of atherosclerosis with the explanation that these two chronic disorders share some common mechanisms, such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. In this review, we initially summarize the current research and proposed mechanisms and then highlight the role of these three cell types in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis and finally establish the mechanism pinpointing the relationship between diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanting Song
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'anmen Outer West 1st Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100069, China.
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19
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Schelemei P, Wagner E, Picard FSR, Winkels H. Macrophage mediators and mechanisms in cardiovascular disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23424. [PMID: 38275140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are major players in myocardial infarction (MI) and atherosclerosis, two major cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Atherosclerosis is caused by the buildup of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in blood vessels, causing inflammation, vascular injury, and plaque formation. Plaque rupture or erosion can cause thrombus formation resulting in inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle and MI. Inflammation, particularly driven by macrophages, plays a central role in both atherosclerosis and MI. Recent integrative approaches of single-cell analysis-based classifications in both murine and human atherosclerosis as well as experimental MI showed overlap in origin, diversity, and function of macrophages in the aorta and the heart. We here discuss differences and communalities between macrophages in the heart and aorta at steady state and in atherosclerosis or upon MI. We focus on markers, mediators, and functional states of macrophage subpopulations. Recent trials testing anti-inflammatory agents show a major benefit in reducing the inflammatory burden of CVD patients, but highlight a necessity for a broader understanding of immune cell ontogeny and heterogeneity in CVD. The novel insights into macrophage biology in CVD represent exciting opportunities for the development of novel treatment strategies against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Schelemei
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Wagner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Simon Ruben Picard
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Sharma D, Worssam MD, Pedroza AJ, Dalal AR, Alemany H, Kim HJ, Kundu R, Fischbein MP, Cheng P, Wirka R, Quertermous T. Comprehensive Integration of Multiple Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data Sets Defines Distinct Cell Populations and Their Phenotypic Changes in Murine Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:391-408. [PMID: 38152886 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of single-cell transcriptomic (single-cell RNA sequencing) analysis to the study of atherosclerosis has provided unique insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms that mediate disease risk and pathophysiology. However, nonstandardized methodologies and relatively high costs associated with the technique have limited the size and replication of existing data sets and created disparate or contradictory findings that have fostered misunderstanding and controversy. METHODS To address these uncertainties, we have performed a conservative integration of multiple published single-cell RNA sequencing data sets into a single meta-analysis, performed extended analysis of native resident vascular cells, and used in situ hybridization to map the disease anatomic location of the identified cluster cells. To investigate the transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells to macrophage phenotype, we have developed a classifying algorithm based on the quantification of reporter transgene expression. RESULTS The reporter gene expression tool indicates that within the experimental limits of the examined studies, transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cell to the macrophage lineage is extremely rare. Validated transition smooth muscle cell phenotypes were defined by clustering, and the location of these cells was mapped to lesion anatomy with in situ hybridization. We have also characterized 5 endothelial cell phenotypes and linked these cellular species to different vascular structures and functions. Finally, we have identified a transcriptomically unique cellular phenotype that constitutes the aortic valve. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these analyses resolve a number of outstanding issues related to differing results reported with vascular disease single-cell RNA sequencing studies, and significantly extend our understanding of the role of resident vascular cells in anatomy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., M.D.W., H.A., H.-J.K., R.K., P.C., T.Q.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Matthew D Worssam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., M.D.W., H.A., H.-J.K., R.K., P.C., T.Q.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Albert J Pedroza
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.J.P., A.R.D., M.P.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Alex R Dalal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.J.P., A.R.D., M.P.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Haizea Alemany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., M.D.W., H.A., H.-J.K., R.K., P.C., T.Q.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., M.D.W., H.A., H.-J.K., R.K., P.C., T.Q.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., M.D.W., H.A., H.-J.K., R.K., P.C., T.Q.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Michael P Fischbein
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.J.P., A.R.D., M.P.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., M.D.W., H.A., H.-J.K., R.K., P.C., T.Q.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Robert Wirka
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC (R.W.)
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., M.D.W., H.A., H.-J.K., R.K., P.C., T.Q.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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21
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Song YJ, Ma Y, Meng T, Zhuang T, Ruan CC, Li Y, Zhang GN. The Characteristics of Macrophage Heterogeneity in Atherosclerotic Aortas. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:153-166. [PMID: 37713049 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage is the main effector cell during atherosclerosis. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA) data to investigate the role of macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis. Monocyte and macrophage clusters were divided into 6 subclusters. Each subcluster's markers were calculated and validated by immunofluorescence. Elevated macrophage subclusters in the WD group were subject to enrichment pathway analysis and exhibited different phenotypes. Pseudotime analysis shows the subclusters originate from monocytes. We cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages with CSF-1 and ox-LDL to simulate an atherosclerotic-like environment and detected the transformation of subclusters. Macrophage-Vegfa and Macrophage-C1qb increased in the WD group. Macrophage-Vegfa acquires the characteristics of phagocytosis and immune response, while Macrophage-C1qb is not involved in lipid metabolism. The two subclusters are both enriched in cell movement and migration pathways. Experimental verification proved Monocyte-Ly6C evolved into Macrophage-Vegfa and Macrophage-C1qb during atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, RuiJin Hospital/LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Xue Y, Hu Y, Yu S, Zhu W, Liu L, Luo M, Luo S, Shen J, Huang L, Liu J, Lv D, Zhang W, Wang J, Li X. The lncRNA GAS5 upregulates ANXA2 to mediate the macrophage inflammatory response during atherosclerosis development. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24103. [PMID: 38293536 PMCID: PMC10825448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory macrophages play a crucial role in atherosclerosis development. The long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) regulates THP-1 macrophage inflammation by sponging microRNAs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of GAS5 in atherosclerosis development. GSE40231, GSE21545, and GSE28829 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were integrated after adjusting for batch effect. Differential analysis was performed on the integrated dataset and validated using the Genotype-Tissue Expression and GSE57691 datasets. Potential biological functions of GAS5 and annexin A2 (ANXA2) were identified using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). ssGSEA, CIBERSORTx, and ImmuCellAI algorithms were used to identify immune infiltration in plaque samples. GAS5 and ANXA2 expression levels in RAW264.7 cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Small interfering and short hairpin RNA were used to silence GAS5 expression. Plasmids of ANXA2 were used to establish ANXA2 overexpression. Apoptosis and inflammatory markers in macrophages were detected by Western blot. Aortic samples from APOE-/- mice were collected to validate the expression of GAS5 and ANXA2. GAS5 expression was significantly increased during atherosclerosis. GAS5 expression was positively correlated with macrophage activation and ANXA2 expression in plaques. Furthermore, ANXA2 upregulation was also related to the activation of macrophage. GSEA indicated similar biological functions for GAS5 and ANXA2 in plaques. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that both GAS5 and ANXA2 contributed to macrophage apoptosis and inflammation. Rescue assays revealed that the inflammatory effects of GAS5 on macrophages were ANXA2-dependent. In vivo experiments confirmed the highly expression of Gas5 and Anxa2 in the plaque group. We identified the atherogenic roles of GAS5 and ANXA2 in the inflammatory response of macrophages. The inflammatory response in ox-LDL-treated macrophages was found to be mediated by GAS5-ANXA2 regulation, opening new avenues for atherosclerosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Xue
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Shikai Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenyan Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longxiang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dingyi Lv
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Renal Division Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kotsovilis S, Salagianni M, Varela A, Davos CH, Galani IE, Andreakos E. Comprehensive Analysis of 1-Year-Old Female Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Reveals Advanced Atherosclerosis with Vulnerable Plaque Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1355. [PMID: 38279355 PMCID: PMC10816800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E-knockout (Apoe-/-) mice constitute the most widely employed animal model of atherosclerosis. Deletion of Apoe induces profound hypercholesterolemia and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. However, despite its widespread use, the Apoe-/- mouse model remains incompletely characterized, especially at late time points and advanced disease stages. Thus, it is unclear how late atherosclerotic plaques compare to earlier ones in terms of lipid deposition, calcification, macrophage accumulation, smooth muscle cell presence, or plaque necrosis. Additionally, it is unknown how cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters are affected at late disease stages. Here, we used a comprehensive analysis based on histology, fluorescence microscopy, and Doppler ultrasonography to show that in normal chow diet-fed Apoe-/- mice, atherosclerotic lesions at the level of the aortic valve evolve from a more cellular macrophage-rich phenotype at 26 weeks to an acellular, lipid-rich, and more necrotic phenotype at 52 weeks of age, also marked by enhanced lipid deposition and calcification. Coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions are sparse at 26 weeks but ubiquitous and extensive at 52 weeks; yet, left ventricular function was not significantly affected. These findings demonstrate that atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice is a highly dynamic process, with atherosclerotic plaques evolving over time. At late disease stages, histopathological characteristics of increased plaque vulnerability predominate in combination with frequent and extensive coronary artery lesions, which nevertheless may not necessarily result in impaired cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kotsovilis
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (M.S.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Maria Salagianni
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (M.S.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (C.H.D.)
| | - Constantinos H. Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (C.H.D.)
| | - Ioanna E. Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (M.S.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (M.S.); (I.E.G.)
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25
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Potashnikova D, Maryukhnich E, Vorobyeva D, Rusakovich G, Komissarov A, Tvorogova A, Gontarenko V, Vasilieva E. Cytokine Profiling of Plasma and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1030. [PMID: 38256102 PMCID: PMC10816498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques are sites of chronic inflammation with diverse cell contents and complex immune signaling. Plaque progression and destabilization are driven by the infiltration of immune cells and the cytokines that mediate their interactions. Here, we attempted to compare the systemic cytokine profiles in the blood plasma of patients with atherosclerosis and the local cytokine production, using ex vivo plaque explants from the same patients. The developed method of 41-plex xMAP data normalization allowed us to differentiate twenty-two cytokines produced by the plaque that were not readily detectable in free circulation and six cytokines elevated in blood plasma that may have other sources than atherosclerotic plaque. To verify the xMAP data on the putative atherogenesis-driving chemokines MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1α (CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), and fractalkine (CX3CL1), qPCR was performed. The MIP1A (CCL3), MIP1B (CCL4), FKN (CX3CL1), and MCP1 (CCL2) genes were expressed at high levels in the plaques, whereas RANTES (CCL5) was almost absent. The expression patterns of the chemokines were restricted to the plaque cell types: the MCP1 (CCL2) gene was predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages, MIP1A (CCL3) in monocytes/macrophages, and MIP1B (CCL4) in monocytes/macrophages and T cells. RANTES (CCL5) was restricted to T cells, while FKN (CX3CL1) was not differentially expressed. Taken together, our data indicate a plaque-specific cytokine production profile that may be a useful tool in atherosclerosis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Daria Vorobyeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - George Rusakovich
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Alexey Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Tvorogova
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
| | - Vladimir Gontarenko
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Medical Research Centre of Surgery Named after A.V. Vishnevsky under the RF Public Health Ministry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127006 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.)
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26
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Fidler TP, Dunbar A, Kim E, Hardaway B, Pauli J, Xue C, Abramowicz S, Xiao T, O’Connor K, Sachs N, Wang N, Maegdefessel L, Levine R, Reilly M, Tall AR. Suppression of IL-1β promotes beneficial accumulation of fibroblast-like cells in atherosclerotic plaques in clonal hematopoiesis. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2024; 3:60-75. [PMID: 38362011 PMCID: PMC10868728 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Murine models of CH suggest a central role of inflammasomes and IL-1β in accelerated atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Here we show using single-cell RNA sequencing in human carotid plaques that inflammasome components are enriched in macrophages, while the receptor for IL-1β is enriched in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To address the role of inflammatory crosstalk in features of plaque destabilization, we conducted SMC fate mapping in Ldlr-/- mice modeling Jak2VF or Tet2 CH treated with IL-1β antibodies. Unexpectedly, this treatment minimally affected SMC differentiation, leading instead to a prominent expansion of fibroblast-like cells. Depletion of fibroblasts from mice treated with IL-1β antibody resulted in thinner fibrous caps. Conversely, genetic inactivation of Jak2VF during plaque regression promoted fibroblast accumulation and fibrous cap thickening. Our studies suggest that suppression of inflammasomes promotes plaque stabilization by recruiting fibroblast-like cells to the fibrous cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor P. Fidler
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Hardaway
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich, Germany
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Abramowicz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kavi O’Connor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich, Germany
| | - Nan Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ross Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Muredach Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Wieland EB, Kempen LJ, Donners MM, Biessen EA, Goossens P. Macrophage heterogeneity in atherosclerosis: A matter of context. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350464. [PMID: 37943053 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
During atherogenesis, plaque macrophages take up and process deposited lipids, trigger inflammation, and form necrotic cores. The traditional inflammatory/anti-inflammatory paradigm has proven insufficient in explaining their complex disease-driving mechanisms. Instead, we now appreciate that macrophages exhibit remarkable heterogeneity and functional specialization in various pathological contexts, including atherosclerosis. Technical advances for studying individual cells, especially single-cell RNA sequencing, indeed allowed to identify novel macrophage subsets in both murine and human atherosclerosis, highlighting the existence of diverse macrophage activation states throughout pathogenesis. In addition, recent studies highlighted the role of the local microenvironment in shaping the macrophages' phenotype and function. However, this remains largely undescribed in the context of atherosclerosis. In this review we explore the origins of macrophages and their functional specialization, shedding light on the diverse sources of macrophage accumulation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Next, we discuss the phenotypic diversity observed in both murine and human atherosclerosis, elucidating their distinct functions and spatial distribution within plaques. Finally, we highlight the importance of the local microenvironment in both phenotypic and functional specialization of macrophages in atherosclerosis and elaborate on the need for spatial multiomics approaches to provide a better understanding of the different macrophage subsets' roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias B Wieland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Jap Kempen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, GIGA Institute, Liege University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marjo Mpc Donners
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Al Biessen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pieter Goossens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Tan J, Liang Y, Yang Z, He Q, Tong J, Deng Y, Guo W, Liang K, Tang J, Shi W, Yu B. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Crucial Cell Subsets and Functional Heterogeneity Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cerebrovascular Events. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2312-2332. [PMID: 37881939 PMCID: PMC10659258 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder and is responsible for the vast majority of ischemic strokes. Inappropriate innate and adaptive immune responses synergize with malfunctional vascular wall cells to cause atherosclerotic lesions. Yet, functional characteristics of specific immune and endothelial cell subsets associated with atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular events are poorly understood. METHODS Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, the unprecedentedly largest data set from 20 patients' carotid artery plaques and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells was generated, with which an ultra-high-precision cellular landscape of the atherosclerotic microenvironment involving 372 070 cells was depicted. RESULTS Compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 3 plaque-specific T-cell subsets exhibiting proatherogenic features of both activation and exhaustion were identified. Strikingly, usually antiatherogenic, CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells from plaques of patients with symptomatic disease acquired proinflammatory properties by probably converting to T helper 17 and T helper 9 cells, while CD4+NR4A1+/C0 and CD8+SLC4A10+ T cells related to cerebrovascular events possessed atherogenic attributes including proinflammation, polarization, and exhaustion. In addition, monocyte-macrophage dynamics dominated innate immune response. Two plaque-specific monocyte subsets performed diametrically opposed functions, EREG+ monocytes promoted cerebrovascular events while C3+ monocytes are anti-inflammatory. Similarly, IGF1+ and HS3ST2+ macrophages with classical proinflammatory M1 macrophage features were annotated and contributed to cerebrovascular events. Moreover, SULF1+ (sulfatase-1) endothelial cells were also found to participate in cerebrovascular events through affecting plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS This compendium of single-cell transcriptome data provides valuable insights into the cellular heterogeneity of the atherosclerotic microenvironment and the development of more precise cardiovascular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Tan
- Vascular Surgery Division, General Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Q.H., W.G., K.L., W.S., B.Y.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Z.Y., J. Tong, J. Tang, W.S., B.Y.)
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Y.D.)
| | - Yongjun Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China (Y.L., J. Tong, Y.D., J. Tang, B.Y.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Z.Y., J. Tong, J. Tang, W.S., B.Y.)
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Y.D.)
| | - Zhou Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Z.Y., J. Tong, J. Tang, W.S., B.Y.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Qing He
- Vascular Surgery Division, General Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Q.H., W.G., K.L., W.S., B.Y.)
| | - Jindong Tong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China (Y.L., J. Tong, Y.D., J. Tang, B.Y.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Z.Y., J. Tong, J. Tang, W.S., B.Y.)
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China (Y.L., J. Tong, Y.D., J. Tang, B.Y.)
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Y.D.)
| | - Wencheng Guo
- Vascular Surgery Division, General Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Q.H., W.G., K.L., W.S., B.Y.)
| | - Kun Liang
- Vascular Surgery Division, General Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Q.H., W.G., K.L., W.S., B.Y.)
| | - Jingdong Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China (Y.L., J. Tong, Y.D., J. Tang, B.Y.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Z.Y., J. Tong, J. Tang, W.S., B.Y.)
| | - Weihao Shi
- Vascular Surgery Division, General Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Q.H., W.G., K.L., W.S., B.Y.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Z.Y., J. Tong, J. Tang, W.S., B.Y.)
| | - Bo Yu
- Vascular Surgery Division, General Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J. Tan, Q.H., W.G., K.L., W.S., B.Y.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China (Y.L., J. Tong, Y.D., J. Tang, B.Y.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, China (J. Tan, Y.L., Z.Y., J. Tong, J. Tang, W.S., B.Y.)
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Mosquera JV, Auguste G, Wong D, Turner AW, Hodonsky CJ, Alvarez-Yela AC, Song Y, Cheng Q, Lino Cardenas CL, Theofilatos K, Bos M, Kavousi M, Peyser PA, Mayr M, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JLM, Malhotra R, Stukenberg PT, Finn AV, van der Laan SW, Zang C, Sheffield NC, Miller CL. Integrative single-cell meta-analysis reveals disease-relevant vascular cell states and markers in human atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113380. [PMID: 37950869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by atherosclerotic plaque formation in the arterial wall. CAD progression involves complex interactions and phenotypic plasticity among vascular and immune cell lineages. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) studies have highlighted lineage-specific transcriptomic signatures, but human cell phenotypes remain controversial. Here, we perform an integrated meta-analysis of 22 scRNA-seq libraries to generate a comprehensive map of human atherosclerosis with 118,578 cells. Besides characterizing granular cell-type diversity and communication, we leverage this atlas to provide insights into smooth muscle cell (SMC) modulation. We integrate genome-wide association study data and uncover a critical role for modulated SMC phenotypes in CAD, myocardial infarction, and coronary calcification. Finally, we identify fibromyocyte/fibrochondrogenic SMC markers (LTBP1 and CRTAC1) as proxies of atherosclerosis progression and validate these through omics and spatial imaging analyses. Altogether, we create a unified atlas of human atherosclerosis informing cell state-specific mechanistic and translational studies of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Maxime Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nathan C Sheffield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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30
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Wu Z, Yin H, Guo Y, Yin H, Li Y. Detection of cell-type-enriched long noncoding RNAs in atherosclerosis using single-cell techniques: A brief review. Life Sci 2023; 333:122138. [PMID: 37805167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerotic plaque underlies the predominant factors and is composed of various cell types, including structure cells, such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been extensively applied to decipher these cellular heterogeneities to expand our understanding on the mechanisms of atherosclerosis (AS) and to facilitate identifying cell-type-specific long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs). LncRNAs have been demonstrated to deeply regulate biological activities at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A group of well-documented functional lncRNAs in AS have been studied. In our review, we selectively described several lncRNAs involved in the critical process of AS. We highlighted four novel lncRNAs (lncRNA CARMN, LINC00607, PCAT19, LINC01235) detected in scRNA-seq datasets and their functions in AS. We also reviewed open web source and bioinformatic tools, as well as the latest methods to perform an in-depth study of lncRNAs. It is fundamental to annotate functional lncRNAs in the various biological activities of AS, as lncRNAs may represent promising targets in the future for treatment and diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, PR China
| | - Huarun Yin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Guo
- Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongchao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, PR China; Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, PR China
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31
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Patterson MT, Firulyova MM, Xu Y, Hillman H, Bishop C, Zhu A, Hickok GH, Schrank PR, Ronayne CE, Caillot Z, Fredrickson G, Kennedy AE, Acharya N, Neels JG, Chinetti G, Revelo X, Stromnes IM, Ivanov S, Bold TD, Zaitsev K, Williams JW. Trem2 promotes foamy macrophage lipid uptake and survival in atherosclerosis. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2023; 2:1015-1031. [PMID: 38646596 PMCID: PMC11031198 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is driven by the expansion of cholesterol-loaded 'foamy' macrophages in the arterial intima. Factors regulating foamy macrophage differentiation and survival in plaque remain poorly understood. Here we show, using trajectory analysis of integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data and a genome-wide CRISPR screen, that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is associated with foamy macrophage specification. Loss of Trem2 led to a reduced ability of foamy macrophages to take up oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Myeloid-specific deletion of Trem2 showed an attenuation of plaque progression, even when targeted in established atherosclerotic lesions, and was independent of changes in circulating cytokines, monocyte recruitment or cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, we link Trem2-deficient macrophages with a failure to upregulate cholesterol efflux molecules, resulting in impaired proliferation and survival. Overall, we identify Trem2 as a regulator of foamy macrophage differentiation and atherosclerotic plaque growth and as a putative therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Patterson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Maria M. Firulyova
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yingzheng Xu
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Courtney Bishop
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Alisha Zhu
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Grant H. Hickok
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Patricia R. Schrank
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Christine E. Ronayne
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Gavin Fredrickson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ainsley E. Kennedy
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Nisha Acharya
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | | | - Xavier Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ingunn M. Stromnes
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Tyler D. Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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32
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Hutton M, Frazer M, Lin A, Patel S, Misra A. New Targets in Atherosclerosis: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Macrophage Polarity. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1047-1054. [PMID: 37709601 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite an increase in treatment options, and substantial reductions in cardiovascular mortality over the past half-century, atherosclerosis remains the most prevalent cause of premature mortality worldwide. The development of innovative new therapies is crucial to further minimize atherosclerosis-related deaths. The diverse array of cell phenotypes derived from vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques are increasingly becoming recognized for their beneficial and detrimental roles in plaque stability and disease burden. This review explores how contemporary transcriptomics and fate-mapping studies have revealed vascular cell plasticity as a relatively unexplored target for therapeutic intervention. METHODS Recent literature for this narrative review was obtained by searching electronic databases (ie, Google Scholar, PubMed). Additional studies were sourced from reference lists and the authors' personal databases. FINDINGS The lipid-rich and inflammatory plaque milieu induces SMC phenotypic switching to both beneficial and detrimental phenotypes. Likewise, macrophage heterogeneity increases with disease burden to a variety of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activation states. These vascular cell phenotypes are determinants of plaque structure stability, and it is therefore highly likely that they influence clinical outcomes. Development of clinical treatments targeting deleterious phenotypes or promoting pro-healing phenotypes remains in its infancy. However, existing treatments (statins) have shown beneficial effects toward macrophage polarization, providing a rationale for more targeted approaches. In contrast, beneficial SMC phenotypic modulation with these pharmacologic agents has yet to be achieved. The range of modulated vascular cell phenotypes provides a multitude of novel targets and the potential to reduce future adverse events. IMPLICATIONS Vascular cell phenotypic heterogeneity must continue to be explored to lower cardiovascular events in the future. The rapidly increasing weight of evidence surrounding the role of SMC plasticity and macrophage polarity in plaque vulnerability provides a strong foundation upon which development of new therapeutics must follow. This approach may prove to be crucial in reducing cardiovascular events and improving patient benefit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hutton
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Madeleine Frazer
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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33
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhao G, Lu H, Liu Y, Xue C, Chang Z, Liu H, Deng Y, Liang W, Wang H, Rom O, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhu T, Guo Y, Chang L, Lin J, Chen YE, Zhang J. Myeloid BAF60a deficiency alters metabolic homeostasis and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113171. [PMID: 37768825 PMCID: PMC10842557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading health concern, stems from the dynamic involvement of immune cells in vascular plaques. Despite its significance, the interplay between chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation in plaque macrophages is understudied. We discovered the reduced expression of Baf60a, a component of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, in macrophages from advanced plaques. Myeloid-specific Baf60a deletion compromised mitochondrial integrity and heightened adhesion, apoptosis, and plaque development. BAF60a preserves mitochondrial energy homeostasis under pro-atherogenic stimuli by retaining nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) accessibility at critical genes. Overexpression of BAF60a rescued mitochondrial dysfunction in an NRF1-dependent manner. This study illuminates the BAF60a-NRF1 axis as a mitochondrial function modulator in atherosclerosis, proposing the rejuvenation of perturbed chromatin remodeling machinery as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongjie Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Sarad K, Stefańska M, Kraszewska I, Szade K, Sluimer JC, Błyszczuk P, Dulak J, Jaźwa-Kusior A. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals subtype-specific molecular profiles in Nrf2-deficient macrophages from murine atherosclerotic aortas. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249379. [PMID: 37965327 PMCID: PMC10641521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional regulator of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response in all cell types. It also activates the transcription of genes important for macrophage function. Nrf2 activity declines with age and has been closely linked to atherosclerosis, but its specific role in this vascular pathology is not clear. Atherosclerotic plaques contain several macrophage subsets with distinct, yet not completely understood, functions in the lesion development. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcriptome of diverse Nrf2-deficient macrophage subpopulations from murine atherosclerotic aortas. Mice with transcriptionally inactive Nrf2 in Cdh5-expressing cells (Nrf2 Cdh5tKO) were used in the experiments. These mice lack transcriptional Nrf2 activity in endothelial cells, but also in a proportion of leukocytes. We confirmed that the bone marrow-derived and tissue-resident macrophages isolated from Nrf2 Cdh5tKO mice exhibit a significant decline in Nrf2 activity. Atherosclerosis was induced in Nrf2 Cdh5tKO and appropriate control mice via adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-mediated overexpression of murine proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) in the liver and high-fat diet feeding. After 21 weeks, live aortic cells were sorted on FACS and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed. Unsupervised clustering singled out 13 distinct aortic cell types. Among macrophages, 9 subclusters were identified. Differential gene expression analysis revealed cell subtype-specific expression patterns. A subset of inflammatory macrophages from atherosclerotic Nrf2 Cdh5tKO mice demonstrated downregulation of DNA replication genes (e.g. Mcm7, Lig1, Pola1) concomitant with upregulation of DNA damage sensor Atr gene. Atherosclerotic Nrf2 Cdh5tKO Lyve1+ resident macrophages showed strong upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes, as well as changes in the expression of death pathways-associated genes (Slc40a1, Bcl2a1). Furthermore, we observed subtype-specific expression of core ferroptosis genes (e.g. Cp, Hells, Slc40a1) in inflammatory versus tissue resident macrophages. This observation suggested a link between ferroptosis and inflammatory microenvironment appearing at a very early stage of atherogenesis. Our findings indicate that Nrf2 deficiency in aortic macrophages leads to subtype-specific transcriptomic changes associated with inflammation, iron homeostasis, cell injury or death pathways. This may help understanding the role of aging-associated decline of Nrf2 activity and the function of specific macrophage subtypes in atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sarad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Stefańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabela Kraszewska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (UMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jaźwa-Kusior
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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35
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Hou P, Fang J, Liu Z, Shi Y, Agostini M, Bernassola F, Bove P, Candi E, Rovella V, Sica G, Sun Q, Wang Y, Scimeca M, Federici M, Mauriello A, Melino G. Macrophage polarization and metabolism in atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:691. [PMID: 37863894 PMCID: PMC10589261 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the inner walls of vessels. These plaques restrict blood flow and lead to complications such as heart attack or stroke. The development of atherosclerosis is influenced by a variety of factors, including age, genetics, lifestyle, and underlying health conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Atherosclerotic plaques in stable form are characterized by slow growth, which leads to luminal stenosis, with low embolic potential or in unstable form, which contributes to high risk for thrombotic and embolic complications with rapid clinical onset. In this complex scenario of atherosclerosis, macrophages participate in the whole process, including the initiation, growth and eventually rupture and wound healing stages of artery plaque formation. Macrophages in plaques exhibit high heterogeneity and plasticity, which affect the evolving plaque microenvironment, e.g., leading to excessive lipid accumulation, cytokine hyperactivation, hypoxia, apoptosis and necroptosis. The metabolic and functional transitions of plaque macrophages in response to plaque microenvironmental factors not only influence ongoing and imminent inflammatory responses within the lesions but also directly dictate atherosclerotic progression or regression. In this review, we discuss the origin of macrophages within plaques, their phenotypic diversity, metabolic shifts, and fate and the roles they play in the dynamic progression of atherosclerosis. It also describes how macrophages interact with other plaque cells, particularly T cells. Ultimately, targeting pathways involved in macrophage polarization may lead to innovative and promising approaches for precision medicine. Further insights into the landscape and biological features of macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques may offer valuable information for optimizing future clinical treatment for atherosclerosis by targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Hou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sica
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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36
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Sun X, Lu Y, Wu J, Wen Q, Li Z, Tang Y, Shi Y, He T, Liu L, Huang W, Weng C, Wu Q, Xiao Q, Yuan H, Xu Q, Cai J. Meta-Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Reveals the Mechanism of Formation and Heterogeneity of Tertiary Lymphoid Organ in Vascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1867-1886. [PMID: 37589134 PMCID: PMC10521807 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are ectopic lymphoid organs developed in nonlymphoid tissues with chronic inflammation, but little is known about their existence in different types of vascular diseases and the mechanism that mediated their development. METHODS To take advantage of single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, we integrated 28 single-cell RNA sequencing data sets containing 5 vascular disease models (atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, intimal hyperplasia, isograft, and allograft) to explore TLOs existence and environment supporting its growth systematically. We also searched Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to January 2022 for published histological images of vascular remodeling for histological evidence to support TLO genesis. RESULTS Accumulation and infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells have been observed in various remodeling vessels. Interestingly, the proportion of such immune cells incrementally increases from atherosclerosis to intimal hyperplasia, abdominal aortic aneurysm, isograft, and allograft. Importantly, we uncovered that TLO structure cells, such as follicular helper T cells and germinal center B cells, present in all remodeled vessels. Among myeloid cells and lymphocytes, inflammatory macrophages, and T helper 17 cells are the major lymphoid tissue inducer cells which were found to be positively associated with the numbers of TLO structural cells in remodeled vessels. Vascular stromal cells also actively participate in vascular TLO genesis by communicating with myeloid cells and lymphocytes via CCLs (C-C motif chemokine ligands), CXCL (C-X-C motif ligand), lymphotoxin, BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) chemotactic, FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor-2), and IGF (insulin growth factor) proliferation mechanisms, particularly for lymphoid tissue inducer cell aggregation. Additionally, the interaction between stromal cells and immune cells modulates extracellular matrix remodeling. Among TLO structure cells, follicular helper T, and germinal center B cells have strong interactions via TCR (T-cell receptor), CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), and CXCL signaling, to promote the development and maturation of the germinal center in TLO. Consistently, by reviewing the histological images from the literature, TLO genesis was found in those vascular remodeling models. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed the existence of TLOs across 5 models of vascular diseases. The mechanisms that support TLOs formation in different models are heterogeneous. This study could be a valuable resource for understanding and discovering new therapeutic targets for various forms of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Sun
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., H.Y.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengxin Li
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunmin Shi
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun Liu
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Weng
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Wu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital and High-Performance Computing Center (Q. Wu), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (Q. Xiao, Q. Xu)
| | - Hong Yuan
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., H.Y.), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (Q. Xiao, Q. Xu)
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (Q. Xu)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology (X.S., J.W., Q. Wen, Z.L., Y.T., Y.S., T.H., L.L., W.H., C.W., J.C.), Central South University, Changsha, China
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37
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Aronova A, Tosato F, Naser N, Asare Y. Innate Immune Pathways in Atherosclerosis-From Signaling to Long-Term Epigenetic Reprogramming. Cells 2023; 12:2359. [PMID: 37830572 PMCID: PMC10571887 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune pathways play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, from sensing initial danger signals to the long-term reprogramming of immune cells. Despite the success of lipid-lowering therapy, anti-hypertensive medications, and other measures in reducing complications associated with atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent need to devise novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the global burden of CVD. Extensive experimental research and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the dominant role of innate immune mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis. Recently, landmark trials including CANTOS, COLCOT, and LoDoCo2 have provided solid evidence demonstrating that targeting innate immune pathways can effectively reduce the risk of CVD. These groundbreaking trials mark a significant paradigm shift in the field and open new avenues for atheroprotective treatments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the intricate interplay between innate immune pathways and atherosclerosis for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Additionally, unraveling the mechanisms underlying long-term reprogramming may offer novel strategies to reverse the pro-inflammatory phenotype of immune cells and restore immune homeostasis in atherosclerosis. In this review, we present an overview of the innate immune pathways implicated in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on the signaling pathways driving chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis and the long-term reprogramming of immune cells within atherosclerotic plaque. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing these processes presents exciting opportunities for the development of a new class of immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at reducing inflammation and promoting plaque stability. By addressing these aspects, we can potentially revolutionize the management of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
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38
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Mazitova AM, Márquez-Sánchez AC, Koltsova EK. Fat and inflammation: adipocyte-myeloid cell crosstalk in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238664. [PMID: 37781401 PMCID: PMC10540690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation has been implicated in various chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds the aorta as an extra layer and was suggested to contribute to atherosclerosis development. PVAT regulates the function of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in the aorta and represent a reservoir for various immune cells which may participate in aortic inflammation. Recent studies demonstrate that adipocytes also express various cytokine receptors and, therefore, may directly respond to inflammatory stimuli. Here we will summarize current knowledge on immune mechanisms regulating adipocyte activation and the crosstalk between myeloid cells and adipocytes in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Mazitova
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ana Cristina Márquez-Sánchez
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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39
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Slysz J, Sinha A, DeBerge M, Singh S, Avgousti H, Lee I, Glinton K, Nagasaka R, Dalal P, Alexandria S, Wai CM, Tellez R, Vescovo M, Sunderraj A, Wang X, Schipma M, Sisk R, Gulati R, Vallejo J, Saigusa R, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lomasney J, Weinberg S, Ho K, Ley K, Giannarelli C, Thorp EB, Feinstein MJ. Single-cell profiling reveals inflammatory polarization of human carotid versus femoral plaque leukocytes. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171359. [PMID: 37471165 PMCID: PMC10544225 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Femoral atherosclerotic plaques are less inflammatory than carotid plaques histologically, but limited cell-level data exist regarding comparative immune landscapes and polarization at these sites. We investigated intraplaque leukocyte phenotypes and transcriptional polarization in 49 patients undergoing femoral (n = 23) or carotid (n = 26) endarterectomy using single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq; n = 13), flow cytometry (n = 24), and IHC (n = 12). Comparative scRNA-Seq of CD45+-selected leukocytes from femoral (n = 9; 35,265 cells) and carotid (n = 4; 30,655 cells) plaque revealed distinct transcriptional profiles. Inflammatory foam cell-like macrophages and monocytes comprised higher proportions of myeloid cells in carotid plaques, whereas noninflammatory foam cell-like macrophages and LYVE1-overexpressing macrophages comprised higher proportions of myeloid cells in femoral plaque (P < 0.001 for all). A significant comparative excess of CCR2+ macrophages in carotid versus plaque was observed by flow cytometry in a separate validation cohort. B cells were more prevalent and exhibited a comparatively antiinflammatory profile in femoral plaque, whereas cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were more prevalent in carotid plaque. In conclusion, human femoral plaques exhibit distinct macrophage phenotypic and transcriptional profiles as well as diminished CD8+ T cell populations compared with human carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjun Sinha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Inhyeok Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Kristofor Glinton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, and
| | | | | | - Shaina Alexandria
- Department of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NUFSM), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Northwestern University Sequencing Core, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ricardo Tellez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, and
| | | | | | - Xinkun Wang
- Northwestern University Sequencing Core, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew Schipma
- Northwestern University Sequencing Core, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Sisk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | - Rishab Gulati
- La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NUFSM), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Ho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, NUFSM, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NUFSM), Chicago, Illinois, USA
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40
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Abstract
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) encompass a family of cell-surface receptors chiefly expressed by granulocytes, monocytes and tissue macrophages. These receptors have been implicated in inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, bone remodelling, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and cancer. Here, I review the structure, ligands, signalling modes and functions of TREMs in humans and mice and discuss the challenges that remain in understanding TREM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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41
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Liang WL, Liao HL, Liang B. Immune landscape and regulatory mechanisms in human atherosclerotic coronary plaques: Evidence from single-cell and bulk transcriptomics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19392. [PMID: 37674826 PMCID: PMC10477495 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease, however, the immune landscape and regulatory mechanisms have not been clear. We detected seven principal immune cell clusters with distinct phenotypic and spatial characteristics using single-cell RNA-sequencing of aortic immune cells from patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris. Then we acquired 265 differentially expressed immune-related genes and the high scores were mainly found in T cells and monocytes, which were differentially regulated in atherosclerotic coronary plaques. The CCL signaling pathway was the most relevant pattern in the T cells and CCL5-CCR1 and CCL5-CCR5 ligand-receptor pairs played a vital role in the CCL signaling pathway. Further comparative analysis indicated MCH-I signaling was the most relevant pattern in the T cells and HLA ligand-related ligand-receptor pairs played a vital role. Functional analysis of the single-cell and bulk transcriptomics pointed to multiple pathways, such as antigen presentation and immune response. Nineteen common differentially expressed immune-related genes were found in both immune cells and the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nine common differentially expressed transcription factors were differentially expressed in both T cell and monocyte clusters from the coronary plaques and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the network demonstrated that CEBPB might play an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of atherosclerosis as a hub transcription factor. The definition of immune cell diversity and heterogeneity by single-cell level analysis of aortic immune cell subsets not only unveils cell-type-specific pathways and new immune mechanisms but also discovers the functional correlation of immune cells in human atherosclerosis. Our findings provide great promise for the discovery of novel molecular mechanisms and precise therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangyuan, China
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- College of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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42
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Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Kiss MG, Papac-Miličević N, Porsch F, Tsiantoulas D, Hendrikx T, Takaoka M, Dinh HQ, Narzt MS, Göderle L, Ozsvár-Kozma M, Schuster M, Fortelny N, Hladik A, Knapp S, Gruber F, Pickering MC, Bock C, Swirski FK, Ley K, Zernecke A, Cochain C, Kemper C, Mallat Z, Binder CJ. Cell-autonomous regulation of complement C3 by factor H limits macrophage efferocytosis and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Immunity 2023; 56:1809-1824.e10. [PMID: 37499656 PMCID: PMC10529786 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Complement factor H (CFH) negatively regulates consumption of complement component 3 (C3), thereby restricting complement activation. Genetic variants in CFH predispose to chronic inflammatory disease. Here, we examined the impact of CFH on atherosclerosis development. In a mouse model of atherosclerosis, CFH deficiency limited plaque necrosis in a C3-dependent manner. Deletion of CFH in monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages propagated uncontrolled cell-autonomous C3 consumption without downstream C5 activation and heightened efferocytotic capacity. Among leukocytes, Cfh expression was restricted to monocytes and macrophages, increased during inflammation, and coincided with the accumulation of intracellular C3. Macrophage-derived CFH was sufficient to dampen resolution of inflammation, and hematopoietic deletion of CFH in atherosclerosis-prone mice promoted lesional efferocytosis and reduced plaque size. Furthermore, we identified monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages expressing C3 and CFH in human atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings reveal a regulatory axis wherein CFH controls intracellular C3 levels of macrophages in a cell-autonomous manner, evidencing the importance of on-site complement regulation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté G Kiss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Minoru Takaoka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Göderle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mária Ozsvár-Kozma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clément Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang Y, Vandestienne M, Lavillegrand JR, Joffre J, Santos-Zas I, Lavelle A, Zhong X, Le Goff W, Guérin M, Al-Rifai R, Laurans L, Bruneval P, Guérin C, Diedisheim M, Migaud M, Puel A, Lanternier F, Casanova JL, Cochain C, Zernecke A, Saliba AE, Mokry M, Silvestre JS, Tedgui A, Mallat Z, Taleb S, Lenoir O, Vindis C, Camus SM, Sokol H, Ait-Oufella H. Genetic inhibition of CARD9 accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in mice through CD36 dependent-defective autophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4622. [PMID: 37528097 PMCID: PMC10394049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase recruitment-domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) is a key signaling pathway in macrophages but its role in atherosclerosis is still poorly understood. Global deletion of Card9 in Apoe-/- mice as well as hematopoietic deletion in Ldlr-/- mice increases atherosclerosis. The acceleration of atherosclerosis is also observed in Apoe-/-Rag2-/-Card9-/- mice, ruling out a role for the adaptive immune system in the vascular phenotype of Card9 deficient mice. Card9 deficiency alters macrophage phenotype through CD36 overexpression with increased IL-1β production, increased lipid uptake, higher cell death susceptibility and defective autophagy. Rapamycin or metformin, two autophagy inducers, abolish intracellular lipid overload, restore macrophage survival and autophagy flux in vitro and finally abolish the pro-atherogenic effects of Card9 deficiency in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of human CARD9-deficient monocytes confirms the pathogenic signature identified in murine models. In summary, CARD9 is a key protective pathway in atherosclerosis, modulating macrophage CD36-dependent inflammatory responses, lipid uptake and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhang
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vandestienne
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | | | - Jeremie Joffre
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Icia Santos-Zas
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department, Paris, France
| | - Xiaodan Zhong
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Inserm UMRS1166, ICAN, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guérin
- Inserm UMRS1166, ICAN, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Rida Al-Rifai
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Laurans
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Guérin
- Institut Curie, Cytometry Platform, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- Clinique Saint Gatien Alliance (NCT+), 37540 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Clément Cochain
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Alain Tedgui
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Soraya Taleb
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane M Camus
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department, Paris, France
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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Bashore AC, Yan H, Xue C, Zhu LY, Kim E, Mawson T, Coronel J, Chung A, Ho S, Ross LS, Kissner M, Passegué E, Bauer RC, Maegdefessel L, Li M, Reilly MP. High-Dimensional Single-Cell Multimodal Landscape of Human Carotid Atherosclerosis. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.13.23292633. [PMID: 37502836 PMCID: PMC10370238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.23292633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic plaques are complex tissues composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. However, we have limited understanding of the comprehensive transcriptional and phenotypical landscape of the cells within these lesions. Methods To characterize the landscape of human carotid atherosclerosis in greater detail, we combined cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to classify all cell types within lesions (n=21; 13 symptomatic) to achieve a comprehensive multimodal understanding of the cellular identities of atherosclerosis and their association with clinical pathophysiology. Results We identified 25 distinct cell populations each having a unique multi-omic signature, including macrophages, T cells, NK cells, mast cells, B cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Within the macrophage populations, we identified 2 proinflammatory subsets that were enriched in IL1B or C1Q expression, 2 distinct TREM2 positive foam cell subsets, one of which also expressed inflammatory genes, as well as subpopulations displaying a proliferative gene expression signature and one expressing SMC-specific genes and upregulation of fibrotic pathways. An in-depth characterization uncovered several subsets of SMCs and fibroblasts, including a SMC-derived foam cell. We localized this foamy SMC to the deep intima of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Using CITE-seq data, we also developed the first flow cytometry panel, using cell surface proteins CD29, CD142, and CD90, to isolate SMC-derived cells from lesions. Last, we found that the proportion of efferocytotic macrophages, classically activated endothelial cells, contractile and modulated SMC-derived cell types were reduced, and inflammatory SMCs were enriched in plaques of clinically symptomatic vs. asymptomatic patients. Conclusions Our multimodal atlas of cell populations within atherosclerosis provides novel insights into the diversity, phenotype, location, isolation, and clinical relevance of the unique cellular composition of human carotid atherosclerosis. This facilitates both the mapping of cardiovascular disease susceptibility loci to specific cell types as well as the identification of novel molecular and cellular therapeutic targets for treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Bashore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Hanying Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Lucie Y Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Thomas Mawson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Johana Coronel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Allen Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Leila S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Michael Kissner
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance
- Karolinksa Institute, Department of Medicine
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Zernecke A, Erhard F, Weinberger T, Schulz C, Ley K, Saliba AE, Cochain C. Integrated single-cell analysis-based classification of vascular mononuclear phagocytes in mouse and human atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1676-1689. [PMID: 36190844 PMCID: PMC10325698 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes [monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs)] in the vessel wall is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Using integrated single-cell analysis of mouse and human atherosclerosis, we here aimed to refine the nomenclature of mononuclear phagocytes in atherosclerotic vessels and to compare their transcriptomic profiles in mouse and human disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We integrated 12 single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets of immune cells isolated from healthy or atherosclerotic mouse aortas, and data from 11 patients (n = 4 coronary vessels, n = 7 carotid endarterectomy specimens) from two studies. Integration of mouse data identified subpopulations with discrete transcriptomic signatures within previously described populations of aortic resident (Lyve1), inflammatory (Il1b), as well as foamy (Trem2hi) macrophages. We identified unique transcriptomic features distinguishing aortic intimal resident macrophages from atherosclerosis-associated Trem2hi macrophages. Also, populations of Xcr1+ Type 1 classical DCs (cDC1), Cd209a+ cDC2, and mature DCs (Ccr7, Fscn1) with a 'mreg-DC' signature were detected. In humans, we uncovered macrophage and DC populations with gene expression patterns similar to those observed in mice. In particular, core transcripts of the foamy/Trem2hi signature (TREM2, SPP1, GPNMB, CD9) mapped to a specific population of macrophages in human lesions. Comparison of mouse and human data and direct cross-species data integration suggested transcriptionally similar macrophage and DC populations in mice and humans. CONCLUSIONS We refined the nomenclature of mononuclear phagocytes in mouse atherosclerotic vessels, and show conserved transcriptomic features of macrophages and DCs in atherosclerosis in mice and humans, emphasizing the relevance of mouse models to study mononuclear phagocytes in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weinberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clément Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Li S, Zhang J, Ni J, Cao J. Hypoxia-associated genes predicting future risk of myocardial infarction: a GEO database-based study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1068782. [PMID: 37465452 PMCID: PMC10351911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1068782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with unstable angina (UA) are prone to myocardial infarction (MI) after an attack, yet the altered molecular expression profile therein remains unclear. The current work aims to identify the characteristic hypoxia-related genes associated with UA/MI and to develop a predictive model of hypoxia-related genes for the progression of UA to MI. Methods and results Gene expression profiles were obtained from the GEO database. Then, differential expression analysis and the WGCNA method were performed to select characteristic genes related to hypoxia. Subsequently, all 10 hypoxia-related genes were screened using the Lasso regression model and a classification model was established. The area under the ROC curve of 1 shows its excellent classification performance and is confirmed on the validation set. In parallel, we construct a nomogram based on these genes, showing the risk of MI in patients with UA. Patients with UA and MI had their immunological status determined using CIBERSORT. These 10 genes were primarily linked to B cells and some inflammatory cells, according to correlation analysis. Conclusion Overall, GWAS identified that the CSTF2F UA/MI risk gene promotes atherosclerosis, which provides the basis for the design of innovative cardiovascular drugs by targeting CSTF2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiumei Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xie B, Gao D, Zhou B, Chen S, Wang L. New discoveries in the field of metabolism by applying single-cell and spatial omics. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:711-725. [PMID: 37577385 PMCID: PMC10422156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell multi-Omics (SCM-Omics) and spatial multi-Omics (SM-Omics) technologies provide state-of-the-art methods for exploring the composition and function of cell types in tissues/organs. Since its emergence in 2009, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has yielded many groundbreaking new discoveries. The combination of this method with the emergence and development of SM-Omics techniques has been a pioneering strategy in neuroscience, developmental biology, and cancer research, especially for assessing tumor heterogeneity and T-cell infiltration. In recent years, the application of these methods in the study of metabolic diseases has also increased. The emerging SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches allow the molecular and spatial analysis of cells to explore regulatory states and determine cell fate, and thus provide promising tools for unraveling heterogeneous metabolic processes and making them amenable to intervention. Here, we review the evolution of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics technologies, and describe the progress in the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics in metabolism-related diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also conclude that the application of SCM-Omics and SM-Omics approaches can help resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in the body and facilitate therapeutic measures for metabolism-related diseases. This review concludes with an overview of the current status of this emerging field and the outlook for its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Biqiang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Liu C, Yang F, Su X, Zhang Z, Xing Y. ScRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics: exploring the occurrence and treatment of coronary-related diseases starting from development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1064949. [PMID: 37416923 PMCID: PMC10319627 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1064949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a new technology that can be used to explore molecular changes in complex cell clusters at the single-cell level. Single-cell spatial transcriptomic technology complements the cell-space location information lost during single-cell sequencing. Coronary artery disease is an important cardiovascular disease with high mortality rates. Many studies have explored the physiological development and pathological changes in coronary arteries from the perspective of single cells using single-cell spatial transcriptomic technology. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying coronary artery development and diseases as revealed by scRNA-seq combined with spatial transcriptomic technology. Based on these mechanisms, we discuss the possible new treatments for coronary diseases.
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50
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He Y, Liu T. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulates macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110338. [PMID: 37210916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Oxidized LDL has been recognized as a major atherogenic factor in the vessel wall for decades. A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidized LDL modulates macrophage phenotypes in atherosclerosis. This article reviews the research progress on the regulation of macrophage polarization by oxidized LDL. Mechanistically, oxidized LDL induces macrophage polarization via cell signaling, metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic regulation, and intercellular regulation. This review is expected to provide new targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, No. 42 Jiaoping Road, Tangxia Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523710, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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