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Ghimire S, Yadav BK, Shrestha S, Shakya J, Poudel CM, Tuladhar ET, Sharma VK, Raut M, Bhattarai A, Manandhar KD, Pant V, Shrestha D. Effect of ABCA1-R219K Polymorphism in Serum Lipid Parameters in Patients under Statin Therapy Visiting Tertiary Cardiac Center of Nepal. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:510-517. [PMID: 37780884 PMCID: PMC10539065 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) encoded by ABCA1 gene is one of the important protein involved in lipid metabolism. The effect of statin therapy on dyslipidemia varies among individuals and it may be due to different genetic polymorphism. The R219K polymorphism of ABCA1 gene is found to have a significant role in the response of statin. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the effect of R219K polymorphism in lipid-lowering action of statin in patients with dyslipidemia. Material and Methods This study was conducted in 88 patients. Blood samples were taken from patients before and at the end of 3 months of statin use and were analyzed for lipid profile. Whole blood was analyzed for R219K Polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results R219K polymorphism was associated with significant percentage reduction of serum triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratio in atorvastatin users. However, there was no significant association of polymorphism with change in serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Among KK genotype individuals, value of TG, VLDL, TG/HDL, and TC/HDL were significantly lower than in RR genotypes. Also, TG/HDL and TC/HDL were significantly lower in RK genotype than in RR. Treatment of dyslipidemia with statin was found to be comparatively better in patients having the genotypes KK and RK. Conclusion Our study demonstrated association of R219K polymorphism with the significant reduction of TG/HDL and TC/HDL and particularly the KK genotype was associated with significant improvement of lipid parameters following atorvastatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Ghimire
- Shahid Dharma Bhakta National Transplant Center, Bhaktpur, Nepal
| | | | - Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Laboratory, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Jivan Shakya
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Banepa, Nepal
| | | | | | | | - Mithilesh Raut
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Aseem Bhattarai
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Vivek Pant
- Samyak Diagnostic Center, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Role of ABCA1 in Cardiovascular Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12061010. [PMID: 35743794 PMCID: PMC9225161 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis plays a significant role in cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have indicated that ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is one of the most important proteins that maintains cholesterol homeostasis. ABCA1 mediates nascent high-density lipoprotein biogenesis. Upon binding with apolipoprotein A-I, ABCA1 facilitates the efflux of excess intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids and controls the rate-limiting step of reverse cholesterol transport. In addition, ABCA1 interacts with the apolipoprotein receptor and suppresses inflammation through a series of signaling pathways. Thus, ABCA1 may prevent cardiovascular disease by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining lipid homeostasis. Several studies have indicated that post-transcriptional modifications play a critical role in the regulation of ABCA1 transportation and plasma membrane localization, which affects its biological function. Meanwhile, carriers of the loss-of-function ABCA1 gene are often accompanied by decreased expression of ABCA1 and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We summarized the ABCA1 transcription regulation mechanism, mutations, post-translational modifications, and their roles in the development of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease.
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Jacobo-Albavera L, Domínguez-Pérez M, Medina-Leyte DJ, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T. The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041593. [PMID: 33562440 PMCID: PMC7915494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein widely expressed in many tissues. One of its main functions is the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids across the plasma membrane to combine with apolipoproteins, mainly apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In addition, ABCA1 regulates cholesterol and phospholipid content in the plasma membrane affecting lipid rafts, microparticle (MP) formation and cell signaling. Thus, it is not surprising that impaired ABCA1 function and altered cholesterol homeostasis may affect many different organs and is involved in the pathophysiology of a broad array of diseases. This review describes evidence obtained from animal models, human studies and genetic variation explaining how ABCA1 is involved in dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), thrombosis, neurological disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, viral infections and in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City CP04510, Mexico
| | - Antonia González-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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Ochoa-Guzmán A, Moreno-Macías H, Guillén-Quintero D, Chávez-Talavera O, Ordoñez-Sánchez ML, Segura-Kato Y, Ortíz V, Díaz-Díaz E, Muñoz-Hernández L, García A, Pérez-Méndez O, Zentella-Dehesa A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Tusié-Luna MT. R230C but not - 565C/T variant of the ABCA1 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in Mexicans through an effect on lowering HDL-cholesterol levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1061-1071. [PMID: 32016916 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and low serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) are common coexisting metabolic disorders. ABCA1 variants have been shown to be associated to these conditions. We sought to test the combined effect of two ABCA1 gene common variants, rs2422493 (- 565C > T) and rs9282541 (R230C) on HDL-c levels and T2D risk. METHODS Path analysis was conducted in 3,303 Mexican-mestizos to assess the specific contributions of rs2422493 and rs9282541 ABCA1 variants, insulin resistance, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and age on HDL-c levels and T2D risk. Participants were classified into four groups according to their ABCA1 variants carrier status: (i) the reference group carried wild type alleles for both ABCA1 variants (-/-), (ii) +/- were carriers of rs2422493 but non-carriers of rs9282541, (iii) -/+ for carriers of rs9282541 but not carriers of rs2422493 and (iv) carriers of minor alleles for both SNPs (+/+). Principal components from two previous genome-wide association studies were used to control for ethnicity. RESULTS We identified significant indirect effects on T2D risk mediated by HDL-c in groups -/+ and +/+ (β = 0.04; p = 0.03 and β = 0.06; p < 0.01, respectively) in comparison to the -/- reference group. Low concentrations of HDL-c were directly and significantly associated with increased T2D risk (β = -0.70; p < 0.01). WHtR, male gender, age, and insulin resistance were also associated with T2D risk (p < 0.05). There was no significant direct effect for any of the ABCA1 groups on T2D risk: p = 0.99, p = 0.58, and p = 0.91 for groups +/-, -/+, and +/+ respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ABCA1 rs9282541 (R230C) allele is associated with T2D in Mexicans through its effect on lowering HDL-c levels. This is the first report demonstrating that HDL-c levels act as an intermediate factor between an ABCA1 variant and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ochoa-Guzmán
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - D Guillén-Quintero
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - M L Ordoñez-Sánchez
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Y Segura-Kato
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - V Ortíz
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Muñoz-Hernández
- Research Unit On Metabolic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A García
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - O Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Zentella-Dehesa
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C A Aguilar-Salinas
- Research Unit On Metabolic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Tusié-Luna
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Tlalpan, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Cappelletti A, Astore D, Godino C, Bellini B, Magni V, Mazzavillani M, Pagnesi M, Agricola E, Chiesa R, Colombo A, Margonato A. Relationship between Syntax Score and prognostic localization of coronary artery lesions with conventional risk factors, plasma profile markers, and carotid atherosclerosis (CAPP Study 2). Int J Cardiol 2018; 257:306-311. [PMID: 29506713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data concerning the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, plasmatic markers, carotid disease and extent of coronary lesions are lacking. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of cardiovascular risk factors, plasmatic levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, lipoprotein(a), and carotid plaque extension in predicting the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We analyzed 574 subjects undergoing first coronary angiography. For angiographic analysis, we used the Syntax Score and we defined the prognostic localization of CAD as a critical stenosis of the left main and/or proximal segment of left anterior descending artery. Levels of hs-CRP >3mg/L, lipoprotein(a) plasma levels >30mg/dL and plasma fibrinogen >300mg/dL were considered critical. Significant carotid disease (SCD) was defined by the presence of lesions producing a 50% diameter stenosis with a peak systolic velocity >125cm/s. A mean carotid intima media thickness (IMT) >0.9mm was considered abnormal. RESULTS In the adjusted analysis the presence of SCD was found to be an independent predictor of high Syntax Score (p<0.001), while high fibrinogen levels were independently associated with the presence of CAD in prognostic localization (p=0.04). In the sub-group of patients without SCD, IMT >0.9mm was found to be an independent predictor of the presence of CAD (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS SCD strongly predicts high Syntax Score, while IMT shows excellent positive predictive value for the presence of CAD. In addition, high plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with coronary stenoses in prognostic localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cappelletti
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Domenico Astore
- Department of Vascular Surgery, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosmo Godino
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellini
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Magni
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Mazzavillani
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eustachio Agricola
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Colombo
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Margonato
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Mahmoodi K, Kamali K, Ghaznavi H, Soltanpour MS. The C-565T Polymorphism (rs2422493) of the ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Gene Contributes to the Development and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in an Iranian Population. Oman Med J 2018; 33:309-315. [PMID: 30038730 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2018.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues back to the liver. Abnormalities in ABCA1 function may lead to dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the role of C-565T (rs2422493) promoter polymorphism of ABCA1 gene in the development and severity of CAD in an Iranian subpopulation. Methods Our study population consisted of 110 angiographically-confirmed CAD patients and 110 matched controls. The severity of CAD was expressed based on the number of stenotic vessels. Genotyping of C-565T promoter polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragments length polymorphism analysis methods. Lipid profile was determined by routine colorimetric methods. Results The distribution of ABCA1 C-565T genotypes (p = 0.035) and alleles (p = 0.017) was significantly different between the CAD and control groups. In univariate analysis (with genotype CC as reference), the TT genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD (odds ratio = 3.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.29-11.30, p = 0.014), but the CT genotype was not (p = 0.321). A multiple binary logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking, hypertension, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ABCA1 C-565T dominant genotype were significant and independent risk factors for CAD development (p < 0.050). The ABCA1 C-565T polymorphism affected the severity of CAD in TT homozygote state (p = 0.028). However, no significant correlation was seen between this common polymorphism and lipid profile in the study population (p > 0.050). Conclusions: Our study indicated that ABCA1 C-565T polymorphism is a significant risk factor for development and severity of CAD in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Mahmoodi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Health Promotion Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleiman Soltanpour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluvastatin is thought to be the least potent statin on the market, however, the dose-related magnitude of effect of fluvastatin on blood lipids is not known. OBJECTIVES Primary objectiveTo quantify the effects of various doses of fluvastatin on blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol), and triglycerides in participants with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease.Secondary objectivesTo quantify the variability of the effect of various doses of fluvastatin.To quantify withdrawals due to adverse effects (WDAEs) in randomised placebo-controlled trials. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomised controlled trials up to February 2017: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2017, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1946 to February Week 2 2017), MEDLINE In-Process, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, Embase (1974 to February Week 2 2017), the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, CDSR, DARE, Epistemonikos and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also contacted authors of relevant papers regarding further published and unpublished work. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised placebo-controlled and uncontrolled before and after trials evaluating the dose response of different fixed doses of fluvastatin on blood lipids over a duration of three to 12 weeks in participants of any age with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility criteria for studies to be included, and extracted data. We entered data from placebo-controlled and uncontrolled before and after trials into Review Manager 5 as continuous and generic inverse variance data, respectively. WDAEs information was collected from the placebo-controlled trials. We assessed all trials using the 'Risk of bias' tool under the categories of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and other potential biases. MAIN RESULTS One-hundred and forty-five trials (36 placebo controlled and 109 before and after) evaluated the dose-related efficacy of fluvastatin in 18,846 participants. The participants were of any age with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease, and fluvastatin effects were studied within a treatment period of three to 12 weeks. Log dose-response data over doses of 2.5 mg to 80 mg revealed strong linear dose-related effects on blood total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and a weak linear dose-related effect on blood triglycerides. There was no dose-related effect of fluvastatin on blood HDL cholesterol. Fluvastatin 10 mg/day to 80 mg/day reduced LDL cholesterol by 15% to 33%, total cholesterol by 11% to 25% and triglycerides by 3% to 17.5%. For every two-fold dose increase there was a 6.0% (95% CI 5.4 to 6.6) decrease in blood LDL cholesterol, a 4.2% (95% CI 3.7 to 4.8) decrease in blood total cholesterol and a 4.2% (95% CI 2.0 to 6.3) decrease in blood triglycerides. The quality of evidence for these effects was judged to be high. When compared to atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, fluvastatin was about 12-fold less potent than atorvastatin and 46-fold less potent than rosuvastatin at reducing LDL cholesterol. Very low quality of evidence showed no difference in WDAEs between fluvastatin and placebo in 16 of 36 of these short-term trials (risk ratio 1.52 (95% CI 0.94 to 2.45). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Fluvastatin lowers blood total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in a dose-dependent linear fashion. Based on the effect on LDL cholesterol, fluvastatin is 12-fold less potent than atorvastatin and 46-fold less potent than rosuvastatin. This review did not provide a good estimate of the incidence of harms associated with fluvastatin because of the short duration of the trials and the lack of reporting of adverse effects in 56% of the placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Adams
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Sarpreet S Sekhon
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Michael Tsang
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Office, Faculty of Medicine1200 Main Street WestHSC 3W10HamiltonONCanadaL8N 3N5
| | - James M Wright
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
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Jacobo-Albavera L, Posadas-Romero C, Vargas-Alarcón G, Romero-Hidalgo S, Posadas-Sánchez R, González-Salazar MDC, Carnevale A, Canizales-Quinteros S, Medina-Urrutia A, Antúnez-Argüelles E, Villarreal-Molina T. Dietary fat and carbohydrate modulate the effect of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) R230C variant on metabolic risk parameters in premenopausal women from the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:45. [PMID: 26579206 PMCID: PMC4647664 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the R230C-ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) variant has been consistently associated with HDL-C levels, its association with diabetes and other metabolic parameters is unclear. Estrogen and dietary factors are known to regulate ABCA1 expression in different tissues. Thus, we aimed to explore whether gender, menopausal status and macronutrient proportions of diet modulate the effect of this variant on various metabolic parameters. Methods One thousand five hundred ninety-eight controls from the GEA study were included (787 men, 363 premenopausal women and 448 menopausal women), previously assessed for anthropometric and biochemical measurements and visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat (VAT/SAT) ratio on computed tomography. Taqman assays were performed for genotyping. Diet macronutrient proportions were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Mexican population. Multivariate regression models were constructed to assess the interaction between the proportion of dietary macronutrients and the R230C polymorphism on metabolic parameters. Results All significant interactions were observed in premenopausal women. Those carrying the risk allele and consuming higher carbohydrate/lower fat diets showed an unfavorable metabolic pattern [lower HDL-C and adiponectin levels, higher VAT/SAT ratio, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and higher gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels]. Conversely, premenopausal women carrying the risk allele and consuming lower carbohydrate/higher fat diets showed a more favorable metabolic pattern (higher HDL-C and adiponectin levels, and lower VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR, GGT and ALP levels). Conclusion This is the first study reporting a gender-specific interaction between ABCA1/R230C variant and dietary carbohydrate and fat percentages affecting VAT/SAT ratio, GGT, ALP, adiponectin levels and HOMA index. Our study confirmed the previously reported gender-specific ABCA1-diet interaction affecting HDL-C levels observed in an independent study. Our results show how gene-environment interactions may help further understand how certain gene variants confer metabolic risk, and may provide information useful to design diet intervention studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0040-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Posadas-Romero
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alessandra Carnevale
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mendelianas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química UNAM-INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aida Medina-Urrutia
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Antúnez-Argüelles
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809 Colonia Arenal Tepepan, CP 14610 México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809 Colonia Arenal Tepepan, CP 14610 México, D.F. Mexico
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Qi LP, Chen LF, Dang AM, Li LY, Fang Q, Yan XW. Association between the ABCA1-565C/T gene promoter polymorphism and coronary heart disease severity and cholesterol efflux in the Chinese Han population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:347-52. [PMID: 26090796 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCA1 -565C/T gene promoter variants have been associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in Western populations. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between the -565C/T gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease severity and cholesterol efflux in the Chinese Han population. METHODS A cohort of 298 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and 541 healthy controls was genotyped using the highly sensitive ligase detection reaction. ABCA1 -565C/T genotype was correlated with the clinical features of 164 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Monocytes from patients with various -565C/T gene polymorphisms were isolated and differentiated into foam cells by coincubation with [(3)H]-labeled acetyl-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated, as well as cellular cholesterol efflux. RESULTS The frequency of the TT genotype in the -565C/T polymorphism of ACS patients was significantly increased when compared with controls (0.211 vs. 0.162, p<0.05). The TT genotype, but not the CT or CC genotypes, in the -565C/T gene polymorphism correlated with the severity of the coronary lesion observed in AMI patients. Patients with the TT homozygote genotype also exhibited significantly lower cellular cholesterol efflux (TT [6.37%±0.554%]) levels than controls and also had the lowest levels of ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression among the group of variants. In contrast, cholesterol efflux levels in AMI patients with CT [11.35%±3.975%] and CC ([15.32%±6.293%]) genotypes were not significantly different from controls. CONCLUSIONS Impaired ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages may be associated with the severity of the coronary lesions in AMI patients with the TT genotype at the -565C/T gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Qi
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Beijing, China
- 2 Department of Second Geriatric Cardiology, The People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Feng Chen
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Min Dang
- 3 Department of Cardiology, FuWai Cardiovascular Disease Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yun Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Fang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yan
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medicine Science, Beijing, China
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Cardiac metabolic pathways affected in the mouse model of barth syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128561. [PMID: 26030409 PMCID: PMC4451073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial phospholipid essential for electron transport chain (ETC) integrity. CL-deficiency in humans is caused by mutations in the tafazzin (Taz) gene and results in a multisystem pediatric disorder, Barth syndrome (BTHS). It has been reported that tafazzin deficiency destabilizes mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and affects supercomplex assembly. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Taz-knockdown on the mitochondrial proteomic landscape and metabolic processes, such as stability of respiratory chain supercomplexes and their interactions with fatty acid oxidation enzymes in cardiac muscle. Proteomic analysis demonstrated reduction of several polypeptides of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, including Rieske and cytochrome c1 subunits of complex III, NADH dehydrogenase alpha subunit 5 of complex I and the catalytic core-forming subunit of F0F1-ATP synthase. Taz gene knockdown resulted in upregulation of enzymes of folate and amino acid metabolic pathways in heart mitochondria, demonstrating that Taz-deficiency causes substantive metabolic remodeling in cardiac muscle. Mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes are destabilized in CL-depleted mitochondria from Taz knockdown hearts resulting in disruption of the interactions between ETC and the fatty acid oxidation enzymes, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, potentially affecting the metabolic channeling of reducing equivalents between these two metabolic pathways. Mitochondria-bound myoglobin was significantly reduced in Taz-knockdown hearts, potentially disrupting intracellular oxygen delivery to the oxidative phosphorylation system. Our results identify the critical pathways affected by the Taz-deficiency in mitochondria and establish a future framework for development of therapeutic options for BTHS.
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Zargar S, Wakil S, Mobeirek AF, Al-Jafari AA. Involvement of ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A polymorphism with susceptibility to coronary artery disease. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:883-888. [PMID: 24649047 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) belongs to the superfamily of membrane proteins that function as a key factor in the regulation of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I (Apo AI). The role of this gene in CAD remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2230806 in the ABCA1 gene of 120 CAD patients and 100 age-matched, healthy controls using restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Total serum cholesterol, HDL-C and serum triglyceride levels were also assayed. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald formula. When compared, the G allele occurred significantly more frequently in CAD patients compared to the control subjects. The odds ratio (OR) for CAD conferred by carrying the ABCA1 G allele was 2.362 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9055-6.161] (P<0.08). The K variant of SNP rs2230806 in the G allele was associated with a decrease in HDL-C levels, but an increased frequency of CAD. In conclusion, the results showed that SNP rs2230806 in the ABCA1 gene is significantly associated with the incidence of CAD. Homozygosity for the G allelic variant in CAD patients may be associated with an increased risk of CAD/MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Wakil
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abduelah F Mobeirek
- Cardiac Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Sahu U, Mohapatra BN, Kar SK, Ranjit M. Promoter polymorphisms in the ATP binding cassette transporter gene influence production of cell-derived microparticles and are highly associated with susceptibility to severe malaria in humans. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1287-94. [PMID: 23381994 PMCID: PMC3639614 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01175-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticle (MP) efflux is known to be mediated by the ABCA1 protein, and the plasma level of these cell-derived MPs is elevated considerably during human malarial infection. Therefore, two polymorphisms at positions -477 and -320 in the promoter of the ABCA1 gene were genotyped and tested for association with the plasma MP level in four groups of malaria patients segregated according to the clinical severity, i.e., cerebral malaria (CM), multiorgan dysfunction (MOD), noncerebral severe malaria, and uncomplicated malaria (UM). The TruCount tube-based flow cytometric method was used for the exact quantification of different cell-derived MPs in patients. Polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene promoter were analyzed by use of the PCR/two-primer-pair method, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in 428 malaria patients. The level of circulating plasma MPs was significantly higher in febrile patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection, especially in CM patients compared to healthy individuals. The homozygous wild-type -477 and -320 genotype was observed to be significantly higher in patients with severe malaria. These patients also showed marked increases in the plasma MP numbers compared to UM patients. We report here for the first time an association of ABCA1 promoter polymorphisms with susceptibility to severe malaria, especially to CM and MOD, indicating the protective effect of the mutant variant of the polymorphism. We hypothesize that the -477T and -320G polymorphisms affect the downregulation of MP efflux and may be a predictor of organ complication during P. falciparum malarial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | | | - Shantanu K. Kar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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13
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Tayebi N, Ke T, Foo JN, Friedlander Y, Liu J, Heng CK. Association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs6903956 on chromosome 6p24.1 with coronary artery disease and lipid levels in different ethnic groups of the Singaporean population. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:755-9. [PMID: 23337689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent genome wide association study in the Chinese population has implicated rs6903956 within the ADTRP gene on chromosome 6p24.1 as a novel susceptibility locus for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we evaluated the association of rs6903956 with CAD in the different ethnic groups of Singaporean population comprising Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians. DESIGN AND METHODS The genotypes of the rs6903956 SNP were determined in 645 CAD patients and 755 control group Singaporean subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). We then tested the association of this SNP with CAD and lipid profiles. RESULTS The risk allele A of rs6903956 was associated significantly only in the Chinese with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.03 (95% CI 1.04-3.96, P=0.037) when analyzed by each ethnic group separately. In a meta-analysis with pooled subjects from all three ethnic groups, rs6903956 showed highly significant association with CAD both before (observed P=1.39e-04; OR=1.66; 95% CI 1.28-2.15) and after adjustment (P=4.63e-03; OR=1.86; 95% CI 1.21-2.87) for conventional risk factors of age, gender, BMI, smoking status and ethnicity. No significant association was observed between rs6903956 genotypes and lipid profiles in Chinese, Malays and Indians, suggesting that the association of this SNP with CAD is not mediated through plasma lipids. CONCLUSION The SNP rs6903956 within the ADTRP gene on chromosome 6p24.1 is significantly associated with CAD in different ethnic groups of the Singaporean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeimeh Tayebi
- Human Genetics group, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Association of ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 polymorphism with apolipoprotein AI level in Tehranian population. J Genet 2011; 90:129-32. [PMID: 21677398 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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ABCA1 impacts athero-thrombotic risk and 10-year survival in a contemporary secondary prevention setting. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:457-63. [PMID: 21840005 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We prospectively investigated the effects of ATP-binding cassette protein-1 (ABCA1) variants on long-term clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND ABCA1 is implicated in the etiology of atherothrombosis and may offer a target to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, the impact of ABCA1 on recurrent cardiovascular disease in a secondary prevention setting is as of yet unknown. METHODS We studied cause-specific 10-year mortality and quantitative coronary angiography data from the Regression GRowth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS), comprising 884 male CAD patients genotyped for promoter variants encompassing a proximal regulatory region (rs2422493, rs1800976, rs2740483 and rs1800977). Kaplan-Meier, proportional hazards and haplotype analyses were used to ascertain single-variant and multi-marker effects on absolute risk and extent of CAD. RESULTS Protection from 10-year vascular death could be attributed to the rs2422493 genotype (available in 639 patients) T allele with absolute risk decreasing stepwise from 12.2% to 8.6% to 4.7% per each added allele copy, HR 0.64, p=0.03 and HR 0.53, p=0.04 in the TGCC haplotype context. The TGCC (p=0.04) and TCCT (p=0.003) haplotypes exhibited less extensive CAD. CONCLUSIONS On a background of contemporary secondary prevention, variation in the ABCA1 promoter influences 10-year risk of vascular death and angiographic extent of CAD in men. These insights contribute to identification of patients sharing a specific prognosis, understanding of its etiological basis and development of strategies of risk reduction in CAD.
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16
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Xie F, Chu X, Wu H, Sun W, Shen M, Yang L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shi J, Huang W. Replication of putative susceptibility loci from genome-wide association studies associated with coronary atherosclerosis in Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20833. [PMID: 21698238 PMCID: PMC3116833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary atherosclerosis, the main cause of cardiovascular disease, is a progressive disease. Recent Genome Wide Association Studies (GWASs) discovered several novel loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) or its main complication myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we investigated the associations between previously reported CAD- and MI-associated variants and coronary atherosclerosis in Chinese Han population. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a case-control association study with 2,335 coronary atherosclerosis patients and 1,078 controls undergoing coronary angiography of Chinese Han from China. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located at 1p13.3, 1q41, 2q36.3, 6q25.1, 9p21.3, 10q11.21 and 15q22.33, were genotyped in our sample collection. Six SNPs at 9p21 were associated with coronary atherosclerosis susceptibility (Ptrend<0.05) and rs10757274 showed the most significant association (P = 2.38×10−08, OR = 1.34). These associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Rs17465637 at 1q41 (Ptrend = 6.83×10−03, OR = 0.86) also showed significant association with coronary atherosclerosis, but the association was not significant after multiple comparisons. Additionally, rs501120 (P = 8.36×10−03, OR = 0.80) at 10q11.21 was associated with coronary atherosclerosis in females, but did not show association in males and all participants. Variants at 1p13.3, 2q36.3, 6q25.1 and 15q22.33 showed no associations with coronary atherosclerosis and main cardiovascular risk factors in our data. Conclusions/Significance Our findings indicated variants at 9p21 were significantly associated with coronary atherosclerosis in Han Chinese. Variants at 1q41 showed suggestive evidence of association and variants at 10q11.21 showed suggestive evidence of association in females, which warrant further study in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Chu
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Department of Genetics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Rejeb J, Omezzine A, Rebhi L, Boumaiza I, Kchock K, Belkahla R, Rejeb NB, Nabli N, Abdelaziz AB, Boughzala E, Bouslama A. Associations between common polymorphisms of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 and coronary artery disease in a Tunisian population. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 103:530-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Tsai MY, Ordovas JM, Li N, Straka RJ, Hanson NQ, Arends VL, Arnett D. Effect of fenofibrate therapy and ABCA1 polymorphisms on high-density lipoprotein subclasses in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 100:118-22. [PMID: 20346718 PMCID: PMC3598593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) polymorphisms associated with increased ABCA1 expression result in increased small HDL (high-density lipoprotein) subclass particle concentration. This study examines the effect of treatment with fenofibrate, a drug known to bind peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) which increases the expression of ABCA1 gene, on lipoprotein subclass profiles of individuals stratified by ABCA1 genotypes. METHODS Participants of Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) were treated with fenofibrate over a three week period. We analyzed six ABCA1 polymorphisms in 287 GOLDN participants with triglyceride concentrations >or=150mg/dL and studied their associations with HDL subclass particle concentrations, as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, before and after treatment. RESULTS Fenofibrate treatment did not result in significant changes in small HDL subclass particle concentration. When changes in HDL subclasses were stratified by ABCA1 polymorphism genotypes, there were no statistically significant associations between ABCA1 genotypes and small HDL subclasses before fenofibrate treatment. However, after fenofibrate treatment the KK genotype of R1587K (mean 4.40micromol/L; p=0.004) and the RK genotype of R219K (mean 1.60micromol/L; p=0.02) polymorphisms were associated with significantly increased small HDL. The R1587KKK genotype (mean 4.80micromol/L; p=0.0002) and the R219K KK genotype (mean 2.50micromol/L; p=0.02) were also associated with increased HDL particle concentrations. CONCLUSION There is a synergistic effect between ABCA1 polymorphisms and fenofibrate. Thus, our study indirectly confirms the role of fenofibrate and genotype in increasing cholesterol efflux, as evidenced by increased small HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0392, USA.
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19
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Doosti M, Najafi M, Reza JZ, Nikzamir A. The role of ATP-binding-cassette-transporter-A1 (ABCA1) gene polymorphism on coronary artery disease risk. Transl Res 2010; 155:185-90. [PMID: 20303467 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a pivotal role in intracellular cholesterol removal and exerts a protective effect against atherosclerosis. The role of genetic factors in susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the possible association between R219K gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease in an Iranian adult population. A total of 207 consecutive patients with CAD (group A) and 94 patients without CAD (group B) were studied. We determined the presence of the R219K variant in the ABCA1 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis in 301 patients with and without CAD. The distribution of genotypes among the 2 groups was significantly different (P=0.009). In univariate analysis (with genotype AA as reference), the GG genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAD (P=0.002; odds ratio [OR]=2.761; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.418-5.374), but the GA genotype did not show a significant association (P=0.234) (data not shown). A multivariate logistic regression analysis (using sex as clinically significant variable, and using age, diabetes mellitus, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], smoking, body mass index [BMI], and genotype as statistically significant variables) was used to determine independent associations and adjusted ORs. The GG genotype (compared with the AA genotype) was an independent predictor of CAD (OR=2.856, 95% CI=1.307-6.241; P=0.009), followed by BMI (P=0.034; OR=1.100; 95% CI=1.007-1.200). The GG genotype in the ABCA1 gene is independently associated with CAD in Iranian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Doosti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Genvigir FDV, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC. ABCA1 expression and statins: inhibitory effect in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:997-1005. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) has an essential role in the formation of nascent high-density lipoprotein particles and also participates in the cholesterol efflux from macrophages in the artery wall. Several substances, such as statins, or even gene variants are able to modulate ABCA1 expression. There is strong evidence that statin treatment downregulates the ABCA1 expression in nonloaded macrophages. Interestingly, in cholesterol-loaded macrophages, which are more relevant to atherogenesis, this effect is lost. We observed an inhibitory effect of atorvastatin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hypercholesterolemic individuals. Moreover, in these individuals, the ABCA1 -14C>T polymorphism was associated with high baseline gene-expression levels. Other studies are needed to evaluate how relevant these findings are to the formation of arterial foam cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana DV Genvigir
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, B.17, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario H Hirata
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, B.17, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosario DC Hirata
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, B.17, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Roy H, Bhardwaj S, Yla-Herttuala S. Molecular genetics of atherosclerosis. Hum Genet 2009; 125:467-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Tsai MY, Li N, Sharrett AR, Shea S, Jacobs DR, Tracy R, Arnett D, Arends V, Post W. Associations of genetic variants in ATP-binding cassette A1 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein and differences in lipoprotein subclasses in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Clin Chem 2009; 55:481-8. [PMID: 19131637 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) play important roles in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. The associations of ABCA1 and CETP polymorphisms with lipoprotein subclasses have not been extensively studied. METHODS We genotyped 2 ABCA1 and 5 CETP polymorphisms in 999 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and studied their associations with HDL and LDL subclass particle concentrations, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS ABCA1 and CETP polymorphisms were associated with different and distinct changes in lipoprotein subclass concentrations. The ABCA1 1051G/A AA genotype, previously found to be associated with cardioprotective effects in this cohort, was associated with a 5.5% higher concentration of small HDL particles (P = 0.024). The CETP TaqIB B2B2, -2505C/A AA, and -629C/A AA genotypes, previously demonstrated to lack cardioprotective effects, were associated with 15.2%, 15.4%, and 11.7% higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, respectively, and 36.5%, 40.7%, and 25.4% higher large HDL particle concentrations (P < 0.0001). The minor alleles of the A373P and R451Q polymorphisms were associated with lower large HDL particle concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our study of the influence of ABCA1 and CETP genetic variants on lipoprotein subclasses demonstrates the importance of interpreting lipoprotein subclasses within the context of the biochemical processes involved in the alterations. In the case of HDL, the study of subclass particle numbers and sizes may not be sufficiently informative. Assays for HDL function may be needed to supplement quantification of HDL cholesterol and HDL particle numbers and sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0392, USA.
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Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) gene codes for a cellular phospholipid and cholesterol transporter that mediates the initial and essential step in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis: the formation of nascent HDL particles. Mutations at the ABCA1 gene locus cause severe familial HDL deficiency and, in the homozygous form, cause Tangier disease. Several studies have investigated the influence of ABCA1 variation on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease, but they have resulted in controversial and inconsistent results. Genetic variability at the ABCA1 gene has also been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. In one study, this association was independent of HDL cholesterol levels, raising the possibility that the measurement of HDL cholesterol levels may not provide adequate information on the functional roles of HDL particles. Nevertheless, genomic screening for complex diseases, such as coronary heart disease, and HDL deficiency in particular, may not add additional information to that gained from conventional global cardiovascular risk stratification.
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Abstract
Although pharmacologic treatment for cholesterol reduction represents an advance in cardiovascular and atherosclerosis treatment, the benefits of such therapy are still limited because of interindividual variability in the response to these drugs. Disease severity, treatment adherence, physiologic conditions, biologic conditions, and the patient's genetic profile could be cited as important factors in the evaluation of interindividual variability. In regard to the latter consideration, three large groups of genes could be investigated: (i) genes that code for proteins involved in metabolism and/or drug transport, thereby influencing the pharmacokinetics of these compounds; (ii) genes that code for proteins involved in the mechanism of action and/or in the metabolic pathway of drug action, and which therefore influence pharmacodynamics; and (iii) genes that code for proteins involved in direct development of the disease or in intermediate phenotypes. In this review we discuss pharmacogenetic studies of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and the implications of pharmacogenetic considerations for predicting treatment efficacy and reducing the adverse effects of these drugs. Once new studies have been performed and most of the genetic variability associated with drug action has been revealed, the great challenge will be to apply this knowledge in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara H Hutz
- Genetics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Sandhofer A, Iglseder B, Kaser S, Morè E, Paulweber B, Patsch JR. The influence of two variants in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter 1 gene on plasma lipids and carotid atherosclerosis. Metabolism 2008; 57:1398-404. [PMID: 18803945 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the adenosine triphosphate-binding-cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene are known to affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma triglycerides and the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated the influence of the R219K and I883M variants in the ABCA1 gene on plasma lipids and carotid intima media thickness and plaque extent in 688 healthy men (40-60 years old). The R219K variant showed no effect on plasma lipids, but carriers of the K allele displayed a lower intima media thickness (P = .001) and a reduced risk of advanced plaque extent (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 0.39-0.88; P = .009) compared with noncarriers. However, this risk reduction was observed in nonsmokers only (OR, 0.47; 0.27-0.80; P < .001), but not in smokers (OR, 0.75; 0.41-1.39; P = .2). The I883M variant showed no effect on plasma lipids or carotid atherosclerosis. Risk of advanced plaque extent was reduced in subjects carrying the R219K variant alone (OR, 0.59; 0.38-0.94; P = .025), but not in subjects carrying both variants. Haplotype distribution did not differ between subjects with and without advanced atherosclerosis irrespective of smoking history. We conclude that smoking abrogates the protective effect of the R219K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sandhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Biros E, Karan M, Golledge J. Genetic variation and atherosclerosis. Curr Genomics 2008; 9:29-42. [PMID: 19424482 PMCID: PMC2674308 DOI: 10.2174/138920208783884856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A family history of atherosclerosis is independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. The genetic factors underlying the importance of inheritance in atherosclerosis are starting to be understood. Genetic variation, such as mutations or common polymorphisms has been shown to be involved in modulation of a range of risk factors, such as plasma lipoprotein levels, inflammation and vascular calcification. This review presents examples of present studies of the role of genetic polymorphism in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Golledge
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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In-vivo effects of simvastatin and rosuvastatin on global gene expression in peripheral blood leucocytes in a human inflammation model. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008; 18:109-20. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3282f44d81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effects of ABCA1 SNPs, including the C-105T novel variant, on serum lipids of Brazilian individuals. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 389:79-86. [PMID: 18164264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCA1 plays an important role in HDL metabolism. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCA1 gene were associated with variation in plasma HDL-c. METHODS The effect of the ABCA1 SNPs C-14T, R219K and of a novel variant C-105T on serum lipids was investigated in 367 unrelated Brazilian individuals (224 hypercholesterolemic and 143 normolipidemic). The relation between ABCA1 SNPs and the lipid-lowering response to atorvastatin (10 mg/day/4 weeks) was also evaluated in 141 hypercholesterolemic (HC) individuals. The polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Linkage disequilibrium was found between the SNPs C-105T and C-14T in the HC group. HC individuals carrying -105CT/TT genotypes had higher serum HDL-c and lower triglyceride and VLDL-c concentrations as well as lower TG/HDL-c ratio compared to the -105CC carriers (p<0.05). The R219K SNP was associated with reduced serum triglyceride, VLDL-c and TG/HDL-c ratio in the HC group (p<0.05), and with an increased serum apoAI in NL individuals. The effects of ABCA1 SNPs on basal serum lipids of HC individuals were not modified by atorvastatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS The ABCA1 SNPs R219K and C-105T were associated with a less atherogenic lipid profile but not with the lowering-cholesterol response to atorvastatin in a Brazilian population.
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Kyriakou T, Pontefract DE, Viturro E, Hodgkinson CP, Laxton RC, Bogari N, Cooper G, Davies M, Giblett J, Day INM, Simpson IA, Albrecht C, Ye S. Functional polymorphism in ABCA1 influences age of symptom onset in coronary artery disease patients. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:1412-22. [PMID: 17412755 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding-cassette-transporter-A1 (ABCA1) plays a pivotal role in intracellular cholesterol removal, exerting a protective effect against atherosclerosis. ABCA1 gene severe mutations underlie Tangier disease, a rare Mendelian disorder that can lead to premature coronary artery disease (CAD), with age of CAD onset being two decades earlier in mutant homozygotes and one decade earlier in heterozygotes than in mutation non-carriers. It is unknown whether common polymorphisms in ABCA1 could influence age of symptom onset of CAD in the general population. We examined common promoter and non-synonymous coding polymorphisms in relation to age of symptom onset in a group of CAD patients (n = 1164), and also carried out in vitro assays to test effects of the promoter variations on ABCA1 promoter transcriptional activity and effects of the coding variations on ABCA1 function in mediating cellular cholesterol efflux. Age of symptom onset was found to be associated with the promoter - 407G > C polymorphism, being 2.82 years higher in C allele homozygotes than in G allele homozygotes and intermediate in heterozygotes (61.54, 59.79 and 58.72 years, respectively; P = 0.002). In agreement, patients carrying ABCA1 haplotypes containing the -407C allele had higher age of symptom onset. Patients of the G/G or G/C genotype of the -407G > C polymorphism had significant coronary artery stenosis (>75%) at a younger age than those of the C/C genotype (P = 0.003). Reporter gene assays showed that ABCA1 haplotypes bearing the -407C allele had higher promoter activity than haplotypes with the -407G allele. Functional analyses of the coding polymorphisms showed an effect of the V825I substitution on ABCA1 function, with the 825I variant having higher activity in mediating cholesterol efflux than the wild-type (825V). A trend towards higher symptom onset age in 825I allele carriers was observed. The data indicate an influence of common ABCA1 functional polymorphisms on age of symptom onset in CAD patients.
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Jensen MK, Pai JK, Mukamal KJ, Overvad K, Rimm EB. Common genetic variation in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, plasma lipids, and risk of coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:e172-80. [PMID: 17368464 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA1) regulates cholesterol efflux from cells and is involved in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and atherogenesis. We investigated whether common ABCA1 variants, previously reported to have phenotypic effects in humans, were associated with plasma lipids and CHD in a prospective study of coronary heart disease (CHD) in healthy women. Three polymorphisms in the promoter region (-565C/T, -191G/C, and -17C/G) and two in the coding region (I883M and R1587K) were genotyped in the Nurses' Health Study. During 8 years of follow-up, 249 incident cases of CHD were identified and matched to controls (1:2) on age and smoking. The I883M variant was associated with higher HDL-cholesterol levels among younger women. Nearly complete linkage disequilibrium was observed between -565C/T and -191G/C and their less common alleles predicted a lower risk of CHD (odds ratio of CHD per -191C allele: 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0). Neither the -17C/G SNP nor the 2 the coding polymorphisms were associated with risk of CHD. The -565C/T and the -191G/C variants were inversely associated with risk of CHD among healthy women, without pronounced effects on plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
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31
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Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Compton D, Womick M, Arepalli S, Adighibe O, Li L, Pérez-Tur J, Hardy J. ABCA1 polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2007; 416:180-3. [PMID: 17324514 PMCID: PMC1945126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our search for genetic factors related to the development of Alzheimer's disease, we have genotyped 332 pedigrees for three coding polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene, two of which are known to alter plasma cholesterol levels, as well as a non-coding polymorphism within the promoter. We show an apparent weak association of rs2230806 (p-value=0.01) with the disease in a sibpair series of Alzheimer's disease that had shown previously evidence for linkage to the chromosome 9 locus where ABCA1 maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Wavrant-De Vrièze
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A1015 MSC 3707, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707, USA.
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Brunham LR, Singaraja RR, Hayden MR. Variations on a gene: rare and common variants in ABCA1 and their impact on HDL cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Nutr 2006; 26:105-29. [PMID: 16704350 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and its metabolites play a variety of essential roles in living systems. Virtually all animal cells require cholesterol, which they acquire through synthesis or uptake, but only the liver can degrade cholesterol. The ABCA1 gene product regulates the rate-controlling step in the removal of cellular cholesterol: the efflux of cellular cholesterol and phospholipids to an apolipoprotein acceptor. Mutations in ABCA1, as seen in Tangier disease, result in accumulation of cellular cholesterol, reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased risk for coronary artery disease. To date, more than 100 coding variants have been identified in ABCA1, and these variants result in a broad spectrum of biochemical and clinical phenotypes. Here we review genetic variation in ABCA1 and its critical role in cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam R Brunham
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 British Columbia
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Slatter TL, Williams MJA, Frikke-Schmidt R, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Morison IM, McCormick SPA. Promoter haplotype of a new ABCA1 mutant influences expression of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 2006; 187:393-400. [PMID: 16225879 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter cause the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency syndromes of Tangier disease and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (FHA). Between individuals carrying ABCA1 mutations, the expression of FHA can be highly variable. Using denaturing HPLC (dHPLC) and direct promoter sequencing we screened the ABCA1 gene of a family with Tangier disease and variable expression of FHA. A new mutation (R1068H) within the first ATP-binding domain was identified in homozygous form in the Tangier disease individual and was present in several family members. Haplotyping of both 1068H alleles in the proband showed homozygosity in the coding region, however, the maternal 1068H allele had three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter previously reported to be associated with reduced ABCA1 expression and HDL levels. An analysis of HDL levels based on 1068H allele haplotype showed the paternal 1068H heterozygotes to have the expected low HDL levels (0.67+/-0.16mmol/L), while maternal 1068H heterozygotes showed normal HDL levels (1.18+/-0.14mmol/L). Haplotype analysis of the wildtype allele amongst heterozygotes showed no haplotype that was common to the paternal or maternal side. We propose that the paternal 1068H ABCA1 allele causes a negative effect on the function of the wildtype allele and is associated with low HDL levels. In contrast, the maternal 1068H allele has less effect and is associated with a relatively normal HDL level. We conclude that haplotypes of mutant ABCA1 alleles may contribute to the phenotypic variance shown between FHA individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L Slatter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland St., Dunedin 9001, Otago, New Zealand
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35
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Benton JL, Ding J, Tsai MY, Shea S, Rotter JI, Burke GL, Post W. Associations between two common polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene and subclinical atherosclerosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2006; 193:352-60. [PMID: 16879828 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ABCA1 controls the first step in reverse cholesterol transport. The potential associations between G1051A (R219K) and -565C/T genetic polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and subclinical cardiovascular disease in the general population remains unclear. We examined these associations in a sample of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. METHODS Nine hundred and sixty-nine MESA participants were genotyped and underwent CT examinations for coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid ultrasound examinations for intima media thickness. Genetic association analyses were performed. RESULTS The AA genotype was associated with a 2.4mg/dl higher HDL-C, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity and clinic site (p=0.04). There was a 28% lower prevalence of CAC (p=0.002) in those with AA genotype that persisted after further adjustment for HDL-C. There were no significant associations between -565C/T genotype and HDL-C. There were trends towards a higher prevalence of CAC in those with CT (PR=1.13, p=0.08) and TT (PR=1.16, p=0.08) genotypes, compared with CC genotype. Neither G1051A nor -565C/T polymorphisms were associated with carotid intima media thickness. CONCLUSION The AA genotype of the G1051A polymorphism is associated with slightly higher HDL-C and lower prevalence of CAC and thus may protect against subclinical cardiovascular disease. The T allele of -565 C/T polymorphism may increase risk for subclinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeana L Benton
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Martín M, González P, Reguero JJR, Batalla A, García Castro M, Coto E, Morís C. ABCA1 polymorphisms and prognosis after myocardial infarction in young patients. Int J Cardiol 2006; 110:267-8. [PMID: 16313984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High-density cholesterol (HDL) levels are affected by genetic influences and certain behaviors. Low levels of HDL-C are considered as an independent risk factor for premature coronary heart disease. In patients with Tangier disease, characterised by low HDL levels, mutations in the ATP binding cassette transporter have been described. We have analysed three polymorphisms of the ABCA1 gene (-477C/T, R219 K, and I883M) in a cohort of young male survivors of myocardial infarction in order to know their influence in long-term prognosis. In premature heart disease, knowing prognosis factors is specially relevant.
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Boekholdt SM, Souverein OW, Tanck MWT, Hovingh GK, Kuivenhoven JA, Peters RIG, Jansen H, Schiffers PMH, van der Wall EE, Doevendans PA, Reitsma PH, Zwinderman AH, Kastelein JJP, Jukema JW. Common variants of multiple genes that control reverse cholesterol transport together explain only a minor part of the variation of HDL cholesterol levels. Clin Genet 2006; 69:263-70. [PMID: 16542392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2006.00578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is assumed that the combined effects of multiple common genetic variants explain a large part of variation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plasma levels, but little evidence exists to corroborate this assumption. It was our objective to study the contribution of multiple common genetic variants of HDL-C-related genes to variation of HDL-C plasma levels. A well-characterized cohort of 546 Caucasian men with documented coronary artery disease was genotyped for common functional variants in genes that control reverse cholesterol transport: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein-E, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, hepatic lipase, lecithin : cholesterol-acyl transferase, lipoprotein lipase, and scavenger receptor class B type 1. Multivariate linear regression showed that these variants, in conjunction, explain 12.4% (95% confidence interval: 6.9-17.9%) of variation in HDL-C plasma levels. When the covariates smoking and body mass index were taken into account, the explained variation increased to 15.3% (9.4-21.2%), and when 10 two-way interactions were incorporated, this percentage rose to 25.2% (18.9-31.5%). This study supports the hypothesis that multiple, mildly penetrant, but highly prevalent genetic variants explain part of the variation of HDL-C plasma levels, albeit to a very modest extent. Multiple environmental and genetic influences on HDL-C plasma levels still have to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kaminski WE, Piehler A, Wenzel JJ. ABC A-subfamily transporters: Structure, function and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1762:510-24. [PMID: 16540294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters constitute a family of evolutionarily highly conserved multispan proteins that mediate the translocation of defined substrates across membrane barriers. Evidence has accumulated during the past years to suggest that a subgroup of 12 structurally related "full-size" transporters, referred to as ABC A-subfamily transporters, mediates the transport of a variety of physiologic lipid compounds. The emerging importance of ABC A-transporters in human disease is reflected by the fact that as yet four members of this protein family (ABCA1, ABCA3, ABCR/ABCA4, ABCA12) have been causatively linked to completely unrelated groups of monogenetic disorders including familial high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency, neonatal surfactant deficiency, degenerative retinopathies and congenital keratinization disorders. Although the biological function of the remaining 8 ABC A-transporters currently awaits clarification, they represent promising candidate genes for a presumably equally heterogenous group of Mendelian diseases associated with perturbed cellular lipid transport. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of ABC A-subfamily transporters in physiology and disease and explores clinical entities which may be potentially associated with dysfunctional members of this gene subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang E Kaminski
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty for Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Mangravite LM, Thorn CF, Krauss RM. Clinical implications of pharmacogenomics of statin treatment. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2006; 6:360-74. [PMID: 16550210 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L M Mangravite
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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Schmitz G, Langmann T. Pharmacogenomics of cholesterol-lowering therapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 44:75-89. [PMID: 16337220 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of cardiovascular disease is critically dependent on lipid-lowering therapy, including 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins), cholesterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid resins, fibrates, and nicotinic acid. Although these drugs are generally well tolerated, severe adverse effects can occur in a minority of patients. Furthermore, a subset of patients does not respond to cholesterol-lowering therapy with a reduction in coronary heart disease progression. Significant progress has been made in the identification of common DNA sequence variations in genes influencing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of statins and in disease-modifying genes relevant for coronary heart disease (CHD). Among the most promising candidate genes for pharmacogenomic analysis of statin therapy are HMG-CoA reductase as a direct target gene and other genes modulating lipid and lipoprotein homeostasis. Based on data from pharmacogenetic trials, a combined analysis of multiple genetic variants in several genes is more likely to give significant results than single gene studies in small cohorts. In the future, pharmacogenomic testing may allow risk stratification of patients to avoid serious side effects and enable clinicians to select lipid-lowering drugs with the highest efficacy resulting in the best response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Straub-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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Souverein OW, Jukema JW, Boekholdt SM, Zwinderman AH, Tanck MWT. Polymorphisms in APOA1 and LPL genes are statistically independently associated with fasting TG in men with CAD. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13:445-51. [PMID: 15657615 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that show unshared effects on plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and to investigate whether these SNPs show statistically independent effects on plasma TG levels. In total, 59 polymorphisms in 20 genes involved in lipid metabolism were investigated. Polymorphisms were selected for a multivariate ANOVA model if they showed an univariate association with TG (after adjustment for HDL-C and LDL-C) in more than 50% of bootstrap samples that were made from the original data. The multivariate model included 512 men with coronary artery disease from the REGRESS study who were completely genotyped for eight polymorphisms selected in the univariate procedure (ie, APOA1 G(-75)A, ABCA1 C(-477)T, ABCA1 G1051A, APOC3 T3206G, APOE Arg158Cys, LIPC C(-514)T, LPL Asn291Ser and LPL Ser447Stop). The gene variants APOA1 G(-75)A (P=0.04) and LPL Asn291Ser (P=0.03) were significantly associated with plasma TG levels in this multivariate analysis. The eight polymorphisms explained 8.9% of the variation in plasma TG levels. In conclusion, this study showed statistically independent effects of gene variants in the APOA1 and LPL genes on fasting plasma levels of TG. Nevertheless, only a small part of variation in TG levels could be explained by the polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga W Souverein
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Woll PS, Hanson NQ, Arends VL, Tsai MY. Effect of Two Common Polymorphisms in the ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Gene on HDL-Cholesterol Concentration. Clin Chem 2005; 51:907-9. [PMID: 15855668 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.047126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petter S Woll
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0392, USA
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Chen SN, Ballantyne CM, Gotto AM, Tan Y, Willerson JT, Marian AJ. A common PCSK9 haplotype, encompassing the E670G coding single nucleotide polymorphism, is a novel genetic marker for plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:1611-9. [PMID: 15893176 PMCID: PMC2910256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the effects of PCSK9 variants on plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, severity of coronary atherosclerosis, and response to statin therapy in the Lipoprotein Coronary Atherosclerosis Study (LCAS) population. BACKGROUND Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal-dominant hypercholesterolemia. We hypothesized that PCSK9 variants could affect plasma LDL-C in individuals with polygenic hypercholesterolemia. METHODS We sequenced all 12 exons and boundaries to detect novel polymorphisms, and genotyped 372 subjects in LCAS and 319 subjects in a second independent population for six polymorphisms, including novel leucine repeats, by fluorescently tagged markers. We reconstructed haplotypes using a Bayesian algorithm. RESULTS Permutation test results showed statistically significant differences in global haplotype distribution among the tertiles of LDL-C (odds ratio [OR]: 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.90 to 4.32, p = 0.005) and minimum lumen diameter of coronary lesions (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.55, p = 0.045). Regression analysis identified haplotype 3 as an independent determinant of LDL-C levels (adjusted R2 = 2.2%, F = 9.37, p = 0.002). Haplotype structure analysis identified E670G as the determinant variant, exerting a dose effect (GG > EG > EE) and accounting for 3.5% of plasma LDL-C variability (F = 14.6, p < 0.001). Plasma total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) levels were also associated with the E670G variant. Distributions of the E670G genotypes in an independent normolipidemic and the hyperlipidemic LCAS populations were significantly different (F = 7.2, p = 0.027). No significant treatment-by-genotype interactions were detected. The false positive report probability was between 2% and 8%. CONCLUSIONS Haplotype 3 encompassing the E670G variant is an independent determinant of plasma LDL-C levels and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet N. Chen
- Sections of Cardiology and Atherosclerosis, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Sections of Cardiology and Atherosclerosis, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Yanli Tan
- Sections of Cardiology and Atherosclerosis, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ali J. Marian
- Sections of Cardiology and Atherosclerosis, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Kajinami K, Takekoshi N, Brousseau ME, Schaefer EJ. Pharmacogenetics of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: exploring the potential for genotype-based individualization of coronary heart disease management. Atherosclerosis 2005; 177:219-34. [PMID: 15530894 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Revised: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the benefit of statin therapy in the prevention of coronary heart disease, a considerable inter-individual variation exists in its response. It is well recognized that genetic variation can contribute to differences in drug disposition and, consequently, clinical efficacy at the population level. Pharmacogenetics, exploring genetic polymorphisms that influence response to drug therapy, may one day allow the clinician to customize treatment strategies for patients in order to improve the success rate of drug therapies. To date, 41 studies have investigated the relationships between common genetic variants and response to statin therapy in terms of lipid effects and clinical outcomes; 16 candidate genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism and 3 in pharmacokinetics. APOE is the most extensively studied locus, and absolute difference in LDL cholesterol reduction across genotypes remained 3-6%. Moreover, none of the associations was striking enough to justify genetic analysis in clinical practice. Reported data have suggested that larger studies (>1000 participants) or combination analyses with >2 different polymorphisms would enable us to find clinically or biologically meaningful difference, which could be assumed as >10% absolute difference, and that genes influencing cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver, such as ABCG5/G8, CYP7A1, HMGCR, would be good candidates for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Kajinami
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan.
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45
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Daimon M, Kido T, Baba M, Oizumi T, Jimbu Y, Kameda W, Yamaguchi H, Ohnuma H, Tominaga M, Muramatsu M, Kato T. Association of the ABCA1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 DM in a Japanese population. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 329:205-10. [PMID: 15721294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association of the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene with type 2 diabetes (DM), we studied genetic polymorphisms of the ABCA1 gene including its linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analyses using a Japanese population. A sample set (DM:72, IGT:75, and NGT:227) was genotyped with 34 SNPs distributed from the promoter region to the last exon of the ABCA1 gene. LD between SNPs was assessed in pairwise manner. Among 13 LD blocks constructed, an LD block at the 5'-region showed a significant difference in the haplotype distribution between the study groups (NGT vs. IGT + DM: overall p = 0.0180; NGT vs. DM: 0.0001). Fisher's exact probability test (NGT vs. DM) showed a significant association of the haplotype 2 of the LD block (p = 0.0001), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.53 (95%CI:1.62-4.12). Diplotype analysis also showed a significant association of the diplotypes with the haplotype 2 (OR:2.59, 95%CI:1.48-4.54, p = 0.0013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Daimon
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
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Zineh I. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pharmacogenomics: overview and implications for practice. Future Cardiol 2005; 1:191-206. [DOI: 10.1517/14796678.1.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely prescribed and recommended as first-line therapy for most patients with hypercholesterolemia or established coronary heart disease. However, there is interpatient variability in lipid-lowering response to statins that is not explained by initial cholesterol levels and inadequate dosing alone. Genetic polymorphisms may contribute. This review discusses the potential contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in drug metabolism and transport, cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and others to lipid responses to statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Zineh
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610, USATel.: Fax:
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47
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Abstract
The genetic basis for most of the rare lipid monogenic disorders have been elucidated, but the challenge remains in determining the combination of genes that contribute to the genetic variability in lipid levels in the general population; this has been estimated to be in the range of 40-60 per cent of the total variability. Therefore, the effect of common polymorphisms on lipid phenotypes will be greatly modulated by gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. This approach can also be used to characterise the individuality of the response to lipid-lowering therapies, whether using drugs (pharmacogenetics) or dietary interventions (nutrigenetics). In this regard, multiple studies have already described significant interactions between candidate genes for lipid and drug metabolism that modulate therapeutic response--although the outcomes of these studies have been controversial and call for more rigorous experimental design and analytical approaches. Once solid evidence about the predictive value of genetic panels is obtained, risk and therapeutic algorithms can begin to be generated that should provide an accurate measure of genetic predisposition, as well as targeted behavioural modifications or drugs of choice and personalised dosages of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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48
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Lyons MA, Wittenburg H, Li R, Walsh KA, Korstanje R, Churchill GA, Carey MC, Paigen B. Quantitative trait loci that determine lipoprotein cholesterol levels in an intercross of 129S1/SvImJ and CAST/Ei inbred mice. Physiol Genomics 2004; 17:60-8. [PMID: 14701919 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00142.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic determinants of lipoprotein levels, we are performing quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on a series of mouse intercrosses in a "daisy chain" experimental design, to increase the power of detecting QTL and to identify common variants that should segregate in multiple intercrosses. In this study, we intercrossed strains CAST/Ei and 129S1/SvImJ, determined HDL, total, and non-HDL cholesterol levels, and performed QTL mapping using Pseudomarker software. For HDL cholesterol, we identified two significant QTL on chromosome (Chr) 1 (Hdlq5, 82 cM, 60-100 cM) and Chr 4 (Hdlq10, 20 cM, 10-30 cM). For total cholesterol, we identified three significant QTL on Chr 1 (Chol7, 74 cM, 65-80 cM), Chr 4 (Chol8, 12 cM, 0-30 cM), and Chr 17 (Chol9, 54 cM, 20-60 cM). For non-HDL cholesterol, we identified significant QTL on Chr 8 (Nhdlq1, 34 cM, 20-60 cM) and Chr X (Nhdlq2, 6 cM, 0-18 cM). Hdlq10 was the only QTL detected in two intercrosses involving strain CAST/Ei. Hdlq5, Hdlq10, Nhdlq1, and two suggestive QTL at D7Mit246 and D15Mit115 coincided with orthologous human lipoprotein QTL. Our analysis furthers the knowledge of the genetic control of lipoprotein levels and points to the importance of Hdlq10, which was detected repeatedly in multiple studies.
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Shioji K, Nishioka J, Naraba H, Kokubo Y, Mannami T, Inamoto N, Kamide K, Takiuchi S, Yoshii M, Miwa Y, Kawano Y, Miyata T, Miyazaki S, Goto Y, Nonogi H, Tago N, Iwai N. A promoter variant of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene alters the HDL cholesterol level in the general Japanese population. J Hum Genet 2004; 49:141-147. [PMID: 14986172 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-004-0124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 12/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of polymorphisms in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 ( ABCA1) gene on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), we performed association studies. Sequence analysis identified 14 polymorphisms in the promoter region of ABCA1. After considering linkage disequilibrium, three polymorphisms in the promoter region and 11 polymorphisms from the JSNP database were determined in 1,880 subjects recruited from the Suita Study, representing the general population in Japan. We evaluated the association between the ABCA1 genotype and HDL-C level adjusted not only for standard factors, but also for genetic factors including ApoA1 and ApoE genotypes. Of the 14 polymorphisms tested, the G(-273)C ( P=0.0074), C(-297)T ( P=0.0195), and IMS-JST071749 ( P=0.0093) polymorphisms were significantly associated with the HDL-C level in the Suita population. We could reconfirm that the G(-273)C genotype was influential in another set of subjects ( P=0.0310, n=743). However, the distribution of the ABCA1 G(-273)C genotype in subjects with MI ( n=598) was not different from that in the control population ( n=801). These results indicate that ABCA1 G(-273)C has a significant effect on the HDL-C level in the general Japanese population, but not on the incidence of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shioji
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Junko Nishioka
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Naraba
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Mannami
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Nozomu Inamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Shin Takiuchi
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yoshii
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Miwa
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kawano
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyata
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Shunichi Miyazaki
- Division of Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yoichi Goto
- Division of Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonogi
- Division of Cardiology, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Naomi Tago
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Naoharu Iwai
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
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50
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Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Yanagi H, Yu Y, Endo K, Arinami T, Hamaguchi H. Associations between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein AI levels and common genetic variants of the ABCA1 gene in Japanese school-aged children. Metabolism 2004; 53:182-6. [PMID: 14767869 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an important role in apolipoprotein AI (apoAI)-mediated cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells. The mild changes in ABCA1 activity due to genomic variation might be associated with interindividual variations in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoAI levels, or primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia in the general population. In the present study, we analyzed the relationships between 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2 insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region and 5 missense polymorphisms of the ABCA1 gene and serum lipid levels in healthy school-aged children. We detected significant associations between the K219R and V771M polymorphisms, and HDL-C or apoAI levels. The present data support the proposition that the K219 allele is an anti-atherogenic allele with increased cholesterol efflux activity. Similarly, the M771 allele appears to be anti-atherogenic, although the frequency of the M771 allele is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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