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Sahoo DK, Wong D, Patani A, Paital B, Yadav VK, Patel A, Jergens AE. Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348713. [PMID: 38510969 PMCID: PMC10952105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition characterized by organ dysfunction caused by an imbalanced immune response to infection. Although an increased inflammatory response significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis, several molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of sepsis are associated with increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and exhausted antioxidant pathways. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of ROS in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the potential application of antioxidants with antimicrobial properties as an adjunct to primary therapies (fluid and antibiotic therapies) against sepsis. This article delves into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the utilization of antioxidants in the therapeutic approach to sepsis, which has been explored in a variety of animal models and clinical trials. While the application of antioxidants has been suggested as a potential therapy to suppress the immune response in cases where an intensified inflammatory reaction occurs, the use of multiple antioxidant agents can be beneficial as they can act additively or synergistically on different pathways, thereby enhancing the antioxidant defense. Furthermore, the utilization of immunoadjuvant therapy, specifically in septic patients displaying immunosuppressive tendencies, represents a promising advancement in sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - David Wong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Gujarat, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Zhang T, Wang S, Hua D, Shi X, Deng H, Jin S, Lv X. Identification of ZIP8-induced ferroptosis as a major type of cell death in monocytes under sepsis conditions. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102985. [PMID: 38103342 PMCID: PMC10764267 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogenous syndrome with concurrent hyperinflammation and immune suppression. A prominent feature of immunosuppression during sepsis is the dysfunction and loss of monocytes; however, the major type of cell death contributing to this depletion, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms, are yet to be identified. In this study, we confirmed the monocyte loss in septic patients based on a pooled gene expression data of periphery leukocytes. Using the collected reference gene sets from databases and published studies, we identified ferroptosis with a greater capacity to distinguish between sepsis and control samples than other cell death types. Further investigation on the molecular drivers, by a genetic algorithm-based feature selection and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, revealed that zrt-/irt-like protein 8 (ZIP8), encoded by SLC39A8, was closely associated with ferroptosis of monocytes during sepsis. We validated the increase of ZIP8 of monocytes with in vivo and in vitro experiments. The in vitro studies also showed that downregulation of ZIP8 alleviated the lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid peroxidation, as well as restoring the reduction of GPX4, FTH1 and xCT. These findings suggest that ferroptosis might be a key factor in the loss of monocytes during sepsis, and that the heightened expression of ZIP8 may facilitate this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongsheng Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Briassoulis G, Briassoulis P, Ilia S, Miliaraki M, Briassouli E. The Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Necroptotic Role of Zinc in COVID-19 and Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1942. [PMID: 38001795 PMCID: PMC10669546 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a structural component of proteins, functions as a catalytic co-factor in DNA synthesis and transcription of hundreds of enzymes, and has a regulatory role in protein-DNA interactions of zinc-finger proteins. For many years, zinc has been acknowledged for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. Furthermore, zinc is a potent inhibitor of caspases-3, -7, and -8, modulating the caspase-controlled apoptosis and necroptosis. In recent years, the immunomodulatory role of zinc in sepsis and COVID-19 has been investigated. Both sepsis and COVID-19 are related to various regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, including apoptosis and necroptosis. Lack of zinc may have a negative effect on many immune functions, such as oxidative burst, cytokine production, chemotaxis, degranulation, phagocytosis, and RCD. While plasma zinc concentrations decline swiftly during both sepsis and COVID-19, this reduction is primarily attributed to a redistribution process associated with the inflammatory response. In this response, hepatic metallothionein production increases in reaction to cytokine release, which is linked to inflammation, and this protein effectively captures and stores zinc in the liver. Multiple regulatory mechanisms come into play, influencing the uptake of zinc, the binding of zinc to blood albumin and red blood cells, as well as the buffering and modulation of cytosolic zinc levels. Decreased zinc levels are associated with increasing severity of organ dysfunction, prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality in septic and COVID-19 patients. Results of recent studies focusing on these topics are summarized and discussed in this narrative review. Existing evidence currently does not support pharmacological zinc supplementation in patients with sepsis or COVID-19. Complementation and repletion should follow current guidelines for micronutrients in critically ill patients. Further research investigating the pharmacological mechanism of zinc in programmed cell death caused by invasive infections and its therapeutic potential in sepsis and COVID-19 could be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Briassoulis
- Postgraduate Program “Emergency and Intensive Care in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults”, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Briassoulis
- Second Department of Anesthesiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Ilia
- Postgraduate Program “Emergency and Intensive Care in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults”, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Marianna Miliaraki
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Efrossini Briassouli
- Infectious Diseases Department “MAKKA”, First Department of Paediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Peng Y, Wu Q, Ding X, Wang L, Gong H, Feng C, Liu T, Zhu H. A hypoxia- and lactate metabolism-related gene signature to predict prognosis of sepsis: discovery and validation in independent cohorts. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:320. [PMID: 37661250 PMCID: PMC10476321 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High throughput gene expression profiling is a valuable tool in providing insight into the molecular mechanism of human diseases. Hypoxia- and lactate metabolism-related genes (HLMRGs) are fundamentally dysregulated in sepsis and have great predictive potential. Therefore, we attempted to build an HLMRG signature to predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis. METHODS Three publicly available transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with sepsis (GSE65682, E-MTAB-4421 and E-MTAB-4451, total n = 850) were included in this study. An HLMRG signature was created by employing Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator estimation. The CIBERSORT method was used to analyze the abundances of 22 immune cell subtypes based on transcriptomic data. Metascape was used to investigate pathways related to the HLMRG signature. RESULTS We developed a prognostic signature based on five HLMRGs (ERO1L, SIAH2, TGFA, TGFBI, and THBS1). This classifier successfully discriminated patients with disparate 28-day mortality in the discovery cohort (GSE65682, n = 479), and consistent results were observed in the validation cohort (E-MTAB-4421 plus E-MTAB-4451, n = 371). Estimation of immune infiltration revealed significant associations between the risk score and a subset of immune cells. Enrichment analysis revealed that pathways related to antimicrobial immune responses, leukocyte activation, and cell adhesion and migration were significantly associated with the HLMRG signature. CONCLUSIONS Identification of a prognostic signature suggests the critical role of hypoxia and lactate metabolism in the pathophysiology of sepsis. The HLMRG signature can be used as an efficient tool for the risk stratification of patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Peng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Wu
- Institute of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhuan Ding
- Medical School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiong Wang
- Institute of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanpu Gong
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Institute of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, China.
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Kanmani P, Elkafas HEH, Ghazal M, Minshall RD, Hu G. p120-Catenin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L596-L608. [PMID: 36880663 PMCID: PMC10085560 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00328.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation is of central importance for the process of generation of overwhelming inflammatory response and the pathogenesis of sepsis. The intrinsic molecular mechanism for controlling inflammasome activation is still poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of p120-catenin expression in macrophages in regulating nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)- and pyrin domain-containing proteins 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Depletion of p120-catenin in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages enhanced caspase-1 activation and secretion of active interleukin (IL)-1β in response to ATP stimulation following LPS priming. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that p120-catenin deletion promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation by accelerating the assembly of the inflammasome complex comprised of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1. Depletion of p120-catenin also increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species nearly completely abolished NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation, and the production of IL-1β in p120-catenin-depleted macrophages. Furthermore, p120-catenin ablation significantly disrupted mitochondrial function, evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lower production of intracellular ATP. In alveolar macrophage-depleted mice challenged with cecal ligation and puncture, pulmonary transplantation of p120-catenin-deficient macrophages dramatically enhanced the accumulation of IL-1β and IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results demonstrate that p120-catenin prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in response to endotoxin insult. Thus, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by stabilization of p120-catenin expression in macrophages may be a novel strategy to prevent an uncontrolled inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Kanmani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Hoda El-Hossiny Elkafas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Muhammed Ghazal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Guochang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Suzuki Y, Kami D, Taya T, Sano A, Ogata T, Matoba S, Gojo S. ZLN005 improves the survival of polymicrobial sepsis by increasing the bacterial killing via inducing lysosomal acidification and biogenesis in phagocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1089905. [PMID: 36820088 PMCID: PMC9938763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1089905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial sepsis still has a high mortality rate despite the development of antimicrobial agents, elaborate strategies to protect major organs, and the investment of numerous medical resources. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which acts as the center of energy metabolism, is clearly the basis of pathogenesis. Drugs that act on PGC1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biosynthesis, have shown useful effects in the treatment of sepsis; therefore, we investigated the efficacy of ZLN005, a PGC1α agonist, and found significant improvement in overall survival in an animal model. The mode of action of this effect was examined, and it was shown that the respiratory capacity of mitochondria was enhanced immediately after administration and that the function of TFEB, a transcriptional regulator that promotes lysosome biosynthesis and mutually enhances PGC1α, was enhanced, as was the physical contact between mitochondria and lysosomes. ZLN005 strongly supported immune defense in early sepsis by increasing lysosome volume and acidity and enhancing cargo degradation, resulting in a significant reduction in bacterial load. ZLN005 rapidly acted on two organelles, mitochondria and lysosomes, against sepsis and interactively linked the two to improve the pathogenesis. This is the first demonstration that acidification of lysosomes by a small molecule is a mechanism of action in the therapeutic strategy for sepsis, which will have a significant impact on future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arata Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Butyrate Supplementation Exacerbates Myocardial and Immune Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Faecal Peritonitis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12122034. [PMID: 36556399 PMCID: PMC9785094 DOI: 10.3390/life12122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune cell dysfunction are commonplace in sepsis and are associated with increased mortality risk. The short chain fatty acid, butyrate, is known to have anti-inflammatory effects and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. We therefore explored the immunometabolic effects of butyrate in an animal model of sepsis. Isolated healthy human volunteer peripheral mononuclear cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence of absence of butyrate, and released cytokines measured. Male Wistar rats housed in metabolic cages received either intravenous butyrate infusion or placebo commencing 6 h following faecal peritonitis induction. At 24 h, splenocytes were isolated for high-resolution respirometry, and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and intracellular cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-10) using flow cytometry. Isolated splenocytes from septic and septic butyrate treated rats were stimulated with LPS for 18 h and the effects of butyrate on cytokine release assessed. Ex vivo, butyrate (1.8 mM) reduced LPS-induced TNF alpha (p = 0.019) and IL-10 (p = 0.001) release by human PBMCs. In septic animals butyrate infusion reduced the respiratory exchange ratio (p < 0.001), consistent with increased fat metabolism. This was associated with a reduction in cardiac output (p = 0.001), and increased lactate (p = 0.031) compared to placebo-treated septic animals (p < 0.05). Butyrate treatment was associated with a reduction in splenocyte basal respiration (p = 0.077), proton leak (p = 0.022), and non-mitochondrial respiration (p = 0.055), and an increase in MMP (p = 0.007) and mtROS (p = 0.027) compared to untreated septic animals. Splenocyte intracellular cytokines were unaffected by butyrate, although LPS-induced IL-10 release was impaired (p = 0.039). In summary, butyrate supplementation exacerbates myocardial and immune cell mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model of faecal peritonitis.
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Zhan B, Shen J. Mitochondria and their potential role in acute lung injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:479. [PMID: 35761815 PMCID: PMC9214601 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhan
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Skirecki T, Adamik B, Frostell C, Pasławska U, Zieliński S, Glatzel-Plucińska N, Olbromski M, Dzięgiel P, Gozdzik W. Compartment-Specific Differences in the Activation of Monocyte Subpopulations Are Not Affected by Nitric Oxide and Glucocorticoid Treatment in a Model of Resuscitated Porcine Endotoxemic Shock. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2641. [PMID: 35566768 PMCID: PMC9100570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) remains one of the treatment modalities in shock, and in addition to its vasoactive properties, iNO exerts immunomodulatory effects. We used a porcine model of endotoxemia with shock resuscitation (control) and additional treatment with iNO and a steroid (treatment group). After 20 h, bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to analyze the immunophenotype and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφ) in three subsets of monocytes. In both groups, SLA-DR expression decreased twofold on the circulating CD14+CD163+ and CD14−CD163+ monocytes, while it did not change on the CD14+CD163+. Δφ increased only in the CD14−CD163+ subpopulation (0.8 vs. 2.0, p < 0.001). The analysis of compartment-specific alterations showed that nearly 100% of BALF CD14+CD163+ and CD14−CD163+ monocytes expressed SLA-DR, and it was higher compared to PB (32% and 20%, p < 0.0001) and BM (93% and 67%, p < 0.001, respectively) counterparts. BALF CD14+CD163+ had a threefold higher Δφ than PB and BM monocytes, while the Δφ of the other subsets was highest in PB monocytes. We confirmed the compartmentalization of the monocyte response during endotoxemic shock, which highlights the importance of studying tissue-resident cells in addition to their circulating counterparts. The iNO/steroid treatment did not further impair monocyte fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Adamik
- Clinical Department of the Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.A.); (S.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Claes Frostell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 182 57 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Urszula Pasławska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Zieliński
- Clinical Department of the Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.A.); (S.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Natalia Glatzel-Plucińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (N.G.-P.); (M.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (N.G.-P.); (M.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (N.G.-P.); (M.O.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Gozdzik
- Clinical Department of the Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.A.); (S.Z.); (W.G.)
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10
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Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by Spondias dulcis (Anacardiaceae) peel extract and its cytotoxic activity in human breast cancer cell. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1092-1098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Weiss SL, Henrickson SE, Lindell RB, Sartori LF, Zhang D, Bush J, Farooqi S, Starr J, Deutschman CS, McGowan FX, Becker L, Tuluc F, Wherry EJ, Picard M, Wallace DC. Influence of Immune Cell Subtypes on Mitochondrial Measurements in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Children with Sepsis. Shock 2022; 57:630-638. [PMID: 34966070 PMCID: PMC9117409 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to compare mitochondrial function in patients with versus without sepsis, but how these measurements in this mixed cell population vary by composition of immune cell subtypes is not known, especially in children. We determined the effect of changing immune cell composition on PBMC mitochondrial respiration and content in children with and without sepsis. METHODS PBMC mitochondrial respiration and citrate synthase (CS) activity, a marker of mitochondrial content, were measured in 167 children with sepsis at three timepoints (day 1-2, 3-5, and 8-14) and once in 19 nonseptic controls. The proportion of lymphocytes and monocytes and T, B, and NK cells was measured using flow cytometry. More specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets were measured from 13 sepsis patients and 6 controls. Spearman's correlation and simple and mixed effects linear regression were used to determine the association of PBMC mitochondrial measures with proportion of immune cell subtypes. RESULTS PBMC mitochondrial respiration and CS activity were correlated with proportion of monocytes, lymphocytes, T B, and NK cells in controls, but not in sepsis patients. PBMC mitochondrial respiration was correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in both groups. After controlling for differences in immune cell composition between groups using linear regression models, PBMC respiration and CS activity remained lower in sepsis patients than controls. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial measurements from PBMCs varied with changes in immune cell composition in children with and without sepsis. However, differences in PBMC mitochondrial measurements between sepsis patients and controls were at least partially attributable to the effects of sepsis rather than solely an epiphenomena of variable immune cell composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L. Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pediatric Sepsis Program at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert B. Lindell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pediatric Sepsis Program at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Laura F. Sartori
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenny Bush
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sumera Farooqi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Starr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clifford S. Deutschman
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Francis X. McGowan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lance Becker
- Department of Emergency Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Florin Tuluc
- Flow Cytometry Research Core, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Merritt Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Nguyen P, Doan P, Murugesan A, Ramesh T, Rimpilainen T, Candeias NR, Yli-Harja O, Kandhavelu M. GPR17 signaling activation by CHBC agonist induced cell death via modulation of MAPK pathway in glioblastoma. Life Sci 2022; 291:120307. [PMID: 35016881 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor. GBM is characterized by a heterogeneous population of cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Recently, we have synthesized CHBC, a novel indole derivative targeted to GBM biomarker G-protein-coupled receptor 17 and inhibitor of GBM cells. In this study, CHBC was further investigated to characterize the efficiency of this agonist at the molecular level and its underlying mechanism in GBM cell death induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of CHBC and TMZ was determined using time dependent inhibitor assay in glioblastoma cells, LN229 and SNB19. Drug induced cell cycle arrest was measured using PI staining followed by image analysis. The induction of apoptosis and mechanism of action of CHBC was studied using apoptosis, caspase 3/7 and mitochondrial membrane permeability assays. Modulation of the key genes involved in MAPK signaling pathway was also measured using immunoblotting array. KEY FINDINGS The inhibitory kinetic study has revealed that CHBC inhibited SNB19 and LN229 cell growth in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, CHBC with the IC50 of 85 μM, mediated cell death through an apoptosis mechanism in both studied cell lines. The study also has revealed that CHBC targets GPR17 leading to the induction of apoptosis via the activation of Caspase 3/7 and dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, CHBC treatment led to marked G2/M cell cycle arrest. The protein array has confirmed the anticancer effect of CHBC by the disruption of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK). SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results demonstrated that CHBC induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by disrupting MAPK signaling in human glioblastoma cells. This study concludes that CHBC represent a class of compounds for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Nguyen
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Phuong Doan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Akshaya Murugesan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai 625002, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatu Rimpilainen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33101 Tampere, Finland; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland; Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103-8904, USA
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland; BioMeditech and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
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Younes N, Alsahan BS, Al-Mesaifri AJ, Da’as SI, Pintus G, Majdalawieh AF, Nasrallah GK. JC-10 probe as a novel method for analyzing the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell stress in whole zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:77-87. [PMID: 35237413 PMCID: PMC8882781 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sensitive method to investigate cellular stress and cytotoxicity is based on measuring mitochondrial membrane potential. Recently, JC-10, was developed to measure mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro and used as an indicator for cytotoxicity. Yet, JC-10 has never been used in vivo (whole organism). In normal cells, JC-10 concentrates in the mitochondrial matrix, where it forms red fluorescent aggregates. However, in apoptotic/necrotic cells, JC-10 diffuses out of the mitochondria, changes to monomeric form, and stains cells in green. Here, we aimed to develop and optimize a JC-10 assay to measure cytotoxicity in zebrafish embryo. We also investigated the effectiveness of JC-10 assay by comparing it to common cytotoxicity assays. METHODS Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a toxic surfactant AEO-7 at no observed effect concentration (6.4 μg/L), and then cytotoxicity was measured using (i) JC-10 mitochondrial assay, (ii) acridine orange (AO), (iii) TUNEL assay, and (iv) measuring the level of Hsp70 by western blotting. RESULTS As compared to the negative control, embryos treated with NOEC of AEO-7 did not show significant cytotoxicity when assessed by AO, TUNEL or western blotting. However, when JC-10 was used under the same experimental conditions, a significant increase of green:red fluorescent ratio signal was detected in the AEO-7 treated embryos, indicating mitochondrial damage and cellular cytotoxicity. Noteworthy, the observed green: red ratio increase was dose dependent, suggesting specificity of the JC-10 assay. CONCLUSION JC-10 is a sensitive in vivo method, thus, can be used as surrogate assay to measure cytotoxicity in whole zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Bana S Alsahan
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa J Al-Mesaifri
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Sahar I Da’as
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
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14
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Weiss SL, Carcillo JA, Leclerc F, Leteurtre S, Schlapbach LJ, Tissieres P, Wynn JL, Lacroix J. Refining the Pediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. Pediatrics 2022; 149:S13-S22. [PMID: 34970671 PMCID: PMC9084565 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction into the medical literature in the 1970s, the term multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (or some variant) has been applied broadly to any patient with >1 concurrent organ dysfunction. However, the epidemiology, mechanisms, time course, and outcomes among children with multiple organ dysfunction vary substantially. We posit that the term pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (or MODS) should be reserved for patients with a systemic pathologic state resulting from a common mechanism (or mechanisms) that affects numerous organ systems simultaneously. In contrast, children in whom organ injuries are attributable to distinct mechanisms should be considered to have additive organ system dysfunctions but not the syndrome of MODS. Although such differentiation may not always be possible with current scientific knowledge, we make the case for how attempts to differentiate multiple organ dysfunction from other states of additive organ dysfunctions can help to evolve clinical and research priorities in diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy from largely organ-specific to more holistic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L. Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Francis Leclerc
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, ULR 2694–METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
| | - Stephane Leteurtre
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, ULR 2694–METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
| | - Luregn J. Schlapbach
- Paediatric ICU, Queensland Children ’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Tissieres
- Pediatric Intensive Care, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris–Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - James L. Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1218-1227. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Remote Inflammatory Preconditioning Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibition of Intrinsic Apoptosis in Rats. J Immunol Res 2021. [PMID: 34595242 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1125199.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) always leads to severe inflammation. As inflammation and oxidative stress are the common pathological basis of endotoxin-induced inflammatory injury and ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI), we speculate that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can be protective for ALI when used as remote inflammatory preconditioning (RInPC). Method A total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the animal experiments. Eighteen rats were equally and randomly divided into the control (NS injection), LPS (LPS injection), and RInPC groups. The RInPC was performed prior to the LPS injection via tourniquet blockage of blood flow to the right hind limb and adopted three cycles of 5 min tying followed by 5 min untying. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours later. There were 2 rats in the LPS group and 1 in the RInPC group who died before the end of the experiment. Supplementary experiments in the LPS and RInPC groups were conducted to ensure that 6 animals in each group reached the end of the experiment. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that the RInPC significantly attenuated the LPS-induced ALI in rats. Apoptotic cells were reduced significantly by the RInPC, with the simultaneous improvement of apoptosis-related proteins. Reduction of MPO and MDA and increasing of SOD activity were found significantly improved by the RInPC. Increasing of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by the LPS was inhibited, while IL-10 was significantly increased by RInPC, compared to the LPS group. Conclusion RInPC could inhibit inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress, thereby reducing intrinsic apoptosis and providing lung protection in the LPS-induced ALI in rats.
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17
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Liu Y, Xu J, Zhao L, Cheng J, Chen B. Remote Inflammatory Preconditioning Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibition of Intrinsic Apoptosis in Rats. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:1125199. [PMID: 34595242 PMCID: PMC8478588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) always leads to severe inflammation. As inflammation and oxidative stress are the common pathological basis of endotoxin-induced inflammatory injury and ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI), we speculate that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can be protective for ALI when used as remote inflammatory preconditioning (RInPC). METHOD A total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the animal experiments. Eighteen rats were equally and randomly divided into the control (NS injection), LPS (LPS injection), and RInPC groups. The RInPC was performed prior to the LPS injection via tourniquet blockage of blood flow to the right hind limb and adopted three cycles of 5 min tying followed by 5 min untying. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours later. There were 2 rats in the LPS group and 1 in the RInPC group who died before the end of the experiment. Supplementary experiments in the LPS and RInPC groups were conducted to ensure that 6 animals in each group reached the end of the experiment. RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated that the RInPC significantly attenuated the LPS-induced ALI in rats. Apoptotic cells were reduced significantly by the RInPC, with the simultaneous improvement of apoptosis-related proteins. Reduction of MPO and MDA and increasing of SOD activity were found significantly improved by the RInPC. Increasing of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by the LPS was inhibited, while IL-10 was significantly increased by RInPC, compared to the LPS group. CONCLUSION RInPC could inhibit inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress, thereby reducing intrinsic apoptosis and providing lung protection in the LPS-induced ALI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430011, China
| | - Jiahang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430011, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430011, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430011, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430011, China
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18
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Preau S, Vodovar D, Jung B, Lancel S, Zafrani L, Flatres A, Oualha M, Voiriot G, Jouan Y, Joffre J, Huel F, De Prost N, Silva S, Azabou E, Radermacher P. Energetic dysfunction in sepsis: a narrative review. Ann Intensive Care 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 34216304 PMCID: PMC8254847 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence associates organ dysfunction(s) with impaired metabolism in sepsis. Recent research has increased our understanding of the role of substrate utilization and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of sepsis-related organ dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to present this evidence as a coherent whole and to highlight future research directions. Main text Sepsis is characterized by systemic and organ-specific changes in metabolism. Alterations of oxygen consumption, increased levels of circulating substrates, impaired glucose and lipid oxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are all associated with organ dysfunction and poor outcomes in both animal models and patients. The pathophysiological relevance of bioenergetics and metabolism in the specific examples of sepsis-related immunodeficiency, cerebral dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, acute kidney injury and diaphragmatic failure is also described. Conclusions Recent understandings in substrate utilization and mitochondrial dysfunction may pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. These findings could help physicians to identify distinct subgroups of sepsis and to develop personalized treatment strategies. Implications for their use as bioenergetic targets to identify metabolism- and mitochondria-targeted treatments need to be evaluated in future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13613-021-00893-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Preau
- U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Centre AntiPoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, APHP, 75010, Paris, France.,Faculté de pharmacie, UMRS 1144, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Boris Jung
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lapeyronie Teaching Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital and PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Mehdi Oualha
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, APHP, Centre - Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Voiriot
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHRU Tours, Tours, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Tours, INSERM U1100 Centre d'Etudes des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
| | - Jeremie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fabrice Huel
- Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas De Prost
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Cedex 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Stein Silva
- Réanimation URM CHU Purpan, Cedex 31300, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse NeuroImaging Center INSERM1214, Cedex 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Azabou
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Unit, Departments of Physiology and Critical Care Medicine, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Inserm UMR 1173, Infection and Inflammation (2I), University of Versailles (UVSQ), Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
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Gupta K, Pandey S, Singh R, Kumari A, Sen P, Singh G. Roflumilast improves resolution of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by retarding late phase renal interstitial immune cells infiltration and leakage in urinary sediments. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:114-132. [PMID: 34212425 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Some evidence has demonstrated that both inflammation and immune cell dysregulation are coincident at late phase (post 24 h) of sepsis. The present study was designed to determine the pathological role of hyperinflammation and renal immune cells mobilization during late phase of sepsis induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) and tests the pharmacological effects of PDE-4 inhibitor on these events. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation puncture and renal function, oxidative-inflammatory stress biomarkers were assessed after 24 h. PDE-4 inhibitor was administered for 7 days prior to induction of S-AKI. Renal immune cells infiltration during sepsis was analyzed by H&E staining and papanicolaou staining method was used for detecting leukocytes and cast in urinary sediments, periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining was used for detection of brush border loss. AKI developed 24 h post sepsis insult as depicted by increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal oxidative stress, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers levels. Moreover, septic rats displayed increased bacterial load, renal expression of phosphodiesterase-4B, 4D isoforms, enhanced vascular permeability, caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase activity, electrolyte imbalance, reduced Na+ K+ ATPase activity, declined cAMP levels, increased interstitial leukocyte infiltration, and leakage in urinary sediments along with histological alterations. Pre-treatment with roflumilast at high dose completely prevented the various AKI associated manifestations in septic rats. Renal hyper-inflammation and leukocyte infiltration was detected in late phase of S-AKI. Roflumilast pre-treatment resolved sepsis induced renal dysfunction and histological damage by suppressing late phase renal immune cells invasion and anti-inflammatory effects mediated by up-regulation of renal cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala, India
| | - Sneha Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Ragini Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Abha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Pallavi Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Shuai J, Shi J, Liang Y, Ji F, Gu L, Yuan Z. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial tRNA genes in 138 patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:865-876. [PMID: 34053002 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are the most important causes for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Of these, three primary mtDNA mutations account for more than 90% cases of this disease. However, to date, little is known regarding the relationship between mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) variants and LHON. AIM In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between mt-tRNA variants and LHON. METHODOLOGY One hundred thirty-eight LHON patients lacking three primary mutations (ND1 3460G > A, ND4 11778Gxs > A, and ND6 14484 T > C), as well as 266 controls were enrolled in this study. PCR-Sanger sequencing was performed to screen the mt-tRNA variants. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis, pathogenicity scoring system, as well as mitochondrial functions were performed. RESULTS We identified 8 possible pathogenic variants: tRNAPhe 593 T > C, tRNALeu(UUR) 3275C > T, tRNAGln 4363 T > C, tRNAMet 4435A > G, tRNAAla 5587 T > C, tRNAGlu 14693A > G, tRNAThr 15927G > A, and 15951A > G, which may change the structural and functional impact on the corresponding tRNAs, and subsequently lead to a failure in tRNA metabolism. Furthermore, significant reductions in mitochondrial ATP and MMP levels and an overproduction of ROS were observed in cybrid cells containing these mt-tRNA variants, suggesting that these variants may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction which was responsible for LHON. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that mt-tRNA variants were associated with LHON, and screening for mt-tRNA variants were recommended for early detection, diagnosis, and prevention of maternally inherited LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shuai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangfang Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Abstract
Objectives: Expound upon priorities for basic/translational science identified in a recent paper by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Data Sources: Original paper, search of the literature. Study Selection: By several members of the original task force with specific expertise in basic/translational science. Data Extraction: None. Data Synthesis: None. Conclusions: In the first of a series of follow-up reports to the original paper, several members of the original task force with specific expertise provided a more in-depth analysis of the five identified priorities directly related to basic/translational science. This analysis expounds on what is known about the question and what was identified as priorities for ongoing research. It is hoped that this analysis will aid the development of future research initiatives.
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22
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Caicedo A, Zambrano K, Sanon S, Luis Vélez J, Montalvo M, Jara F, Moscoso SA, Vélez P, Maldonado A, Velarde G. The diversity and coexistence of extracellular mitochondria in circulation: A friend or foe of the immune system. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:270-284. [PMID: 33662580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and coexistence of extracellular mitochondria may have a key role in the maintenance of health and progression of disease. Studies report that active mitochondria can be found physiologically outside of cells and circulating in the blood without inducing an inflammatory response. In addition, inactive or harmed mitochondria have been recognized as activators of immune cells, as they play an essential role in diseases characterized by the metabolic deregulation of these cells, such as sepsis. In this review we analyze key aspects regarding the existence of a diversity of extracellular mitochondria, their coexistence in body fluids and their effects on various immune cells. Additionally, we introduce models of how extracellular mitochondria could be interacting to maintain health and affect disease prognosis. Unwrapped mitochondria (freeMitos) can exist as viable, active, inactive or harmed organelles. Mitochondria can also be found wrapped in a membrane (wrappedMitos) that may differ depending on the cell of origin. Mitochondrial fragments can also be present in various body fluids as DAMPs, as mtDNA enclosed in vesicles or as circulating-cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA). Interestingly, the great quantity of evidence regarding the levels of ccf-mtDNA and their correlation with aging and disease allows for the identification of the diversity, but not type, of extracellular mitochondria. The existence of a diversity of mitochondria and their effects on immune cells opens a new concept in the biomedical field towards the understanding of health, the progression of disease and the development of mitochondria as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Cornell University - Ithaca, United States
| | - Jorge Luis Vélez
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario Montalvo
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Jara
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Aguayo Moscoso
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Vélez
- Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Augusto Maldonado
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, United States; Hospital General Docente de Calderón, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Velarde
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva y Centro de Investigación Clínica, Quito, Ecuador
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Two Subpopulations of Human Monocytes That Differ by Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020153. [PMID: 33557383 PMCID: PMC7915751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with a chronic local inflammatory process in the arterial wall. Our previous studies have demonstrated the altered proinflammatory activity of circulating monocytes in patients with atherosclerosis. Moreover, atherosclerosis progression and monocyte proinflammatory activity were associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in circulating monocytes. The role of mitochondria in the immune system cells is currently well recognized. They can act as immunomodulators by releasing molecules associated with bacterial infection. We hypothesized that atherosclerosis can be associated with changes in the mitochondrial function of circulating monocytes. To test this hypothesis, we performed live staining of the mitochondria of CD14+ monocytes from healthy donors and atherosclerosis patients with MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos dye, which is sensitive to mitochondrial membrane potential. The intensity of such staining reflects mitochondrial functional activity. We found that parts of monocytes in the primary culture were characterized by low MitoTracker staining (MitoTracker-low monocytes). Such cells were morphologically similar to cells with normal staining and able to metabolize 5-aminolevulinic acid and accumulate the heme precursor protoporphyrin IX (PplX), indicative of partially preserved mitochondrial function. We assessed the proportion of MitoTracker-low monocytes in the primary culture for each study subject and compared the results with other parameters, such as monocyte ability to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory activation and the intima-media thickness of carotid arteries. We found that the proportion of MitoTracker-low monocytes was associated with the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. An increased number of such monocytes in the primary culture was associated with a reduced proinflammatory activation ability of cells. The obtained results indicate the presence of circulating monocytes with mitochondrial dysfunction and the association of such cells with chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis development.
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24
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Wang J, Li A, Zhang L, Veeraraghavan V, Mohan S. Dieckol attenuates cell proliferation in Molt-4 leukemia cells via modulation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Kowsalya E, MosaChristas K, Jaquline CRI, Balashanmugam P, Devasena T. Gold nanoparticles induced apoptosis via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elumalai Kowsalya
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology & Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
| | - Kithiyon MosaChristas
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology & Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
| | - Chinna Rani Inbaraj Jaquline
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology & Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
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26
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Abstract
Immunosuppression is the most commonly used concept to qualify the immune status of patients with either sterile systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis. In this review we attempt to demonstrate that the concept of immunosuppression is an oversimplification of the complex anti-inflammatory response that occurs in patients dealing with a severe sterile or infectious insult. Particularly, the immune status of leukocytes varies greatly depending on the compartment from where they are derived from. Furthermore, although certain functions of immune cells present in the blood stream or in the hematopoietic organs can be significantly diminished, other functions are either unchanged or even enhanced. This juxtaposition illustrates that there is no global defect. The mechanisms called reprogramming or trained innate immunity are probably aimed at preventing a generalized deleterious inflammatory reaction, and work to maintain the defense mechanisms at their due levels.
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27
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Deutschman CS, Hellman J, Roca RF, De Backer D, Coopersmith CM. The surviving sepsis campaign: basic/translational science research priorities. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:31. [PMID: 32676795 PMCID: PMC7365694 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Expound upon priorities for basic/translational science identified in a recent paper by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Data sources Original paper, search of the literature. Study selection This study is selected by several members of the original task force with specific expertise in basic/translational science. Data extraction and data synthesis are not available. Conclusions In the first of a series of follow-up reports to the original paper, several members of the original task force with specific expertise provided a more in-depth analysis of the five identified priorities directly related to basic/translational science. This analysis expounds on what is known about the question and what was identified as priorities for ongoing research. It is hoped that this analysis will aid the development of future research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford S Deutschman
- Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra/Northwell School of Medicine and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell School of Medicine and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ricard Ferrer Roca
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation (SODIR) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Chirec Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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28
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Structural characterization of an acid polysaccharide from Pinellia ternata and its induction effect on apoptosis of Hep G2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:451-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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McBride MA, Owen AM, Stothers CL, Hernandez A, Luan L, Burelbach KR, Patil TK, Bohannon JK, Sherwood ER, Patil NK. The Metabolic Basis of Immune Dysfunction Following Sepsis and Trauma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1043. [PMID: 32547553 PMCID: PMC7273750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill, severely injured and high-risk surgical patients are vulnerable to secondary infections during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. Studies show that the mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism of monocytes and macrophages are impaired during sepsis. Alternatively, treatment with microbe-derived ligands, such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), peptidoglycan, or β-glucan, that interact with toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors on leukocytes induces a state of innate immune memory that confers broad-spectrum resistance to infection with common hospital-acquired pathogens. Priming of macrophages with MPLA, CPG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), or β-glucan induces a macrophage metabolic phenotype characterized by mitochondrial biogenesis and increased oxidative metabolism in parallel with increased glycolysis, cell size and granularity, augmented phagocytosis, heightened respiratory burst functions, and more effective killing of microbes. The mitochondrion is a bioenergetic organelle that not only contributes to energy supply, biosynthesis, and cellular redox functions but serves as a platform for regulating innate immunological functions such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulatory intermediates. This review will define current knowledge of leukocyte metabolic dysfunction during and after sepsis and trauma. We will further discuss therapeutic strategies that target leukocyte mitochondrial function and might have value in preventing or reversing sepsis- and trauma-induced immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cody L. Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katherine R. Burelbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tazeen K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K. Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edward R. Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naeem K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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New Insights into the Implication of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Tissue, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Platelets during Lung Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051253. [PMID: 32357474 PMCID: PMC7287602 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Complex, their physiopathology is multifactorial and includes lung mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, which deserves increased attention. Further, and importantly, circulating blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells-(PBMCs) and platelets) likely participate in these systemic diseases. This review presents the data published so far and shows that circulating blood cells mitochondrial oxidative capacity are likely to be reduced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but enhanced in asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension in a context of increased oxidative stress. Besides such PBMCs or platelets bioenergetics modifications, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) changes have also been observed in patients. These new insights open exciting challenges to determine their role as biomarkers or potential guide to a new therapeutic approach in lung diseases.
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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Demonstrate Mitochondrial Damage Clearance During Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:651-658. [PMID: 30730439 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic derangements in sepsis stem from mitochondrial injury and contribute significantly to organ failure and mortality; however, little is known about mitochondrial recovery in human sepsis. We sought to test markers of mitochondrial injury and recovery (mitochondrial biogenesis) noninvasively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with sepsis and correlate serial measurements with clinical outcomes. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Academic Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Hospital. PATIENTS Uninfected control patients (n = 20) and septic ICU patients (n = 37). INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were collected once from control patients and serially with clinical data on days 1, 3, and 5 from septic patients. Gene products for HMOX1, NRF1, PPARGC1A, and TFAM, and mitochondrial DNA ND1 and D-loop were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma and neutrophil lysates. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Median (interquartile range) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were 21 (8) and 10 (4), respectively, and 90-day mortality was 19%. Transcript levels of all four genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly reduced in septic patients on day 1 (p < 0.05), whereas mitochondrial DNA copy number fell and plasma D-loop increased (both p < 0.05), indicative of mitochondrial damage. D-loop content was directly proportional to tumor necrosis factor-α and high-mobility group protein B1 cytokine expression. By day 5, we observed transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and restoration of mitochondrial DNA copy number (p < 0.05). Patients with early activation of mitochondrial biogenesis were ICU-free by 1 week. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support data that sepsis-induced mitochondrial damage is reversed by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and that gene transcripts measured noninvasively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells can serve as novel biomarkers of sepsis recovery.
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Supinski GS, Schroder EA, Callahan LA. Mitochondria and Critical Illness. Chest 2020; 157:310-322. [PMID: 31494084 PMCID: PMC7005375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, mitochondria have largely been believed to influence the development of illness by modulating cell metabolism and determining the rate of production of high-energy phosphate compounds (eg, adenosine triphosphate). It is now recognized that this view is simplistic and that mitochondria play key roles in many other processes, including cell signaling, regulating gene expression, modulating cellular calcium levels, and influencing the activation of cell death pathways (eg, caspase activation). Moreover, these multiple mitochondrial functional characteristics are now known to influence the evolution of cellular and organ function in many disease states, including sepsis, ICU-acquired skeletal muscle dysfunction, acute lung injury, acute renal failure, and critical illness-related immune function dysregulation. In addition, diseased mitochondria generate toxic compounds, most notably released mitochondrial DNA, which can act as danger-associated molecular patterns to induce systemic toxicity and damage multiple organs throughout the body. This article reviews these evolving concepts relating mitochondrial function and acute illness. The discussion is organized into four sections: (1) basics of mitochondrial physiology; (2) cellular mechanisms of mitochondrial pathophysiology; (3) critical care disease processes whose initiation and evolution are shaped by mitochondrial pathophysiology; and (4) emerging treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Supinski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Leigh Ann Callahan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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Yan H, Du J, Chen X, Yang B, He Q, Yang X, Luo P. ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114768. [PMID: 31639374 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Crizotinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET). Unfortunately, hepatotoxicity is a serious limitation in its clinical application, and the reason remains largely unknown. In this study, we tested the effect of crizotinib in human hepatocyte cell line HL-7702 and human primary hepatocytes, and the results showed that crizotinib treatment caused hepatocyte damage, suggesting that crizotinib induced liver injury by causing hepatocyte death, consistent with the clinical cases. Mechanistically, crizotinib induced hepatocyte death via the apoptotic pathway, and cleaved PARP (c-PARP) was observed as a signaling protein. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease contributed to crizotinib-induced hepatocyte apoptosis accompanied by hepatocyte DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Importantly, crizotinib induced hepatocyte apoptosis independent of its targets, ALK, ROS1 and MET. In conclusion, our data showed that crizotinib induced liver injury through hepatocyte death via the apoptotic pathway which was independent of ALK, ROS1 and MET. And we also found that MMP decrease, DNA damage and ROS generation were involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiangxia Du
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China..
| | - Peihua Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China..
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Wardi G, Brice J, Correia M, Liu D, Self M, Tainter C. Demystifying Lactate in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2019; 75:287-298. [PMID: 31474479 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of lactic acid and its conjugate base, lactate, has evolved during the past decade in the care of patients in the emergency department (ED). A recent national sepsis quality measure has led to increased use of serum lactate in the ED, but many causes for hyperlactatemia exist outside of sepsis. We provide a review of the biology of lactate production and metabolism, the many causes of hyperlactatemia, and evidence on its use as a marker in prognosis and resuscitation. Additionally, we review the evolving role of lactate in sepsis care. We provide recommendations to aid lactate interpretation in the ED and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Wardi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA.
| | - Jessica Brice
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Matthew Correia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Dennis Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Self
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Christopher Tainter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA; Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
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35
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Reitsema VA, Star BS, de Jager VD, van Meurs M, Henning RH, Bouma HR. Metabolic Resuscitation Strategies to Prevent Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:134-152. [PMID: 30403161 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Sepsis is the main cause of death among patients admitted to the intensive care unit. As current treatment is limited to antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, mortality remains high, which warrants efforts to find novel therapies. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as a key process in the induction of organ dysfunction during sepsis, and metabolic resuscitation might reveal to be a novel cornerstone in the treatment of sepsis. Critical Issues: Here, we review novel strategies to maintain organ function in sepsis by precluding mitochondrial dysfunction by lowering energetic demand to allow preservation of adenosine triphosphate-levels, while reducing free radical generation. As the most common strategy to suppress metabolism, that is, cooling, does not reveal unequivocal beneficial effects and may even increase mortality, caloric restriction or modulation of energy-sensing pathways (i.e., sirtuins and AMP-activated protein kinase) may offer safe alternatives. Similar effects may be offered when mimicking hibernation by hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In addition H2S may also confer beneficial effects through upregulation of antioxidant mechanisms, similar to the other gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, which display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis. In addition, oxidative stress may be averted by systemic or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, of which a wide range are able to lower inflammation, as well as reduce organ dysfunction and mortality from sepsis. Future Directions: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. As a consequence, metabolic resuscitation might reveal to be a novel cornerstone in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Reitsema
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan S Star
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent D de Jager
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- 2 Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar R Bouma
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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36
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A cold-water soluble polysaccharide isolated from Grifola frondosa induces the apoptosis of HepG2 cells through mitochondrial passway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:1232-1241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Zhang H, Feng YW, Yao YM. Potential therapy strategy: targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis. Mil Med Res 2018; 5:41. [PMID: 30474573 PMCID: PMC6260865 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-018-0187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the definition of sepsis was concluded to be a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Severe patients always present with uncorrectable hypotension or hyperlactacidemia, which is defined as septic shock. The new definition emphasizes dysregulation of the host response and multiple organ dysfunction, which is partially attributed to metabolic disorders induced by energy crisis and oxidative stress. Mitochondria are a cellular organelle that are well known as the center of energy production, and mitochondrial damage or dysfunction is commonly induced in septic settings and is a predominant factor leading to a worse prognosis. In the present review, we determine the major mitochondrial disorders from morphology to functions in sepsis. In the following, several clinical or pre-clinical assays for monitoring mitochondrial function are demonstrated according to accumulated evidence, which is the first step of specific therapy targeting to modulate mitochondrial function. Accordingly, various reagents used for regulating mitochondrial enzyme activities and promoting biogenesis have been documented, among which mitochondria-targeted cation, TPP-conjugated antioxidants are the most valuable for future trials and clinical treatment to improve mitochondrial function as they may take advantage of the prognosis associated with septic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yong-Wen Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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38
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Denstaedt SJ, Singer BH, Standiford TJ. Sepsis and Nosocomial Infection: Patient Characteristics, Mechanisms, and Modulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2446. [PMID: 30459764 PMCID: PMC6232897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. After initial trials modulating the hyperinflammatory phase of sepsis failed, generations of researchers have focused on evaluating hypo-inflammatory immune phenotypes. The main goal has been to develop prognostic biomarkers and therapies to reduce organ dysfunction, nosocomial infection, and death. The depressed host defense in sepsis has been characterized by broad cellular reprogramming including lymphocyte exhaustion, apoptosis, and depressed cytokine responses. Despite major advances in this field, our understanding of the dynamics of the septic host response and the balance of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cellular programs remains limited. This review aims to summarize the epidemiology of nosocomial infections and characteristic immune responses associated with sepsis, as well as immunostimulatory therapies currently under clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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The role of mitochondria in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:759-773. [PMID: 30342158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Myocardial dysfunction, often termed sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, is a frequent complication and is associated with worse outcomes. Numerous mechanisms contribute to sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and a growing body of evidence suggests that bioenergetic and metabolic derangements play a central role in its development; however, there are significant discrepancies in the literature, perhaps reflecting variability in the experimental models employed or in the host response to sepsis. The condition is characterised by lack of significant cell death, normal tissue oxygen levels and, in survivors, reversibility of organ dysfunction. The functional changes observed in cardiac tissue may represent an adaptive response to prolonged stress that limits cell death, improving the potential for recovery. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the pathophysiology underlying myocardial dysfunction in sepsis, with a focus on disrupted mitochondrial processes.
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Sampath S, Subramani S, Janardhanam S, Subramani P, Yuvaraj A, Chellan R. Bioactive compound 1,8-Cineole selectively induces G2/M arrest in A431 cells through the upregulation of the p53 signaling pathway and molecular docking studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:57-68. [PMID: 30097123 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callistemon citrinus has been traditionally known for its medicinal property. Recently, our research group identified 1,8-Cineole, as one of the predominant compound present in the hexane extract (HE-C), whose leaves have potent anticancer activity. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The present study was designed to isolate 1,8-Cineole from Callistemon citrinus plant and to determine their role in anticancer effects in in vitro using skin carcinoma cells. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and molecular docking studies were also investigated. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS In vitro cytotoxicity test was performed with HE-C fractionates 1F, 2F, and 3F against A431 and HaCaT cell lines. MTT and AB assay demonstrated that 1F was toxic to cancer cells with no adverse effect to non-malignant cells and it was subjected to 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further characterized by FTIR and GC-MS analysis. On the basis of spectroscopic data, the metabolite was confirmed as 1,8-Cineole. RESULTS Based on the cytotoxicity results, the well-characterized metabolite 1,8-Cineole was investigated upon to understand the mechanism that caused cancer cell death. In this process, the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were confirmed by Rh-123/DAPI staining; the ultra structure was observed by TEM and quantified by flow cytometric analysis. These results proved that the compound effectively induced the apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in A431 cells by increasing the expression of p53 and that it was monitored by FACS. Further, the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bax/Bcl-2, Cyt-c, caspase-9, and caspase-3 was confirmed by western blot. The molecular docking simulations predicted the hydrophobic interaction between 1,8-cineole with Bcl-2 and PARP1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS 1,8-Cineole is a potential candidate for skin carcinoma, which is possible by regulating the p53 apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowndarya Sampath
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Sangeetha Subramani
- Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sridevi Janardhanam
- NMR, Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Subramani
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Arun Yuvaraj
- Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Rose Chellan
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India.
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Feng LR, Nguyen Q, Ross A, Saligan LN. Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue. J Vis Exp 2018:57736. [PMID: 29863679 PMCID: PMC6101225 DOI: 10.3791/57736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common and debilitating condition that affects most cancer patients. To date, fatigue remains poorly characterized with no diagnostic test to objectively measure the severity of this condition. Here we describe an optimized method for assessing mitochondrial function of PBMCs collected from fatigued cancer patients. Using a compact extracellular flux system and sequential injection of respiratory inhibitors, we examined PBMC mitochondrial functional status by measuring basal mitochondrial respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and energy phenotype, which describes the preferred energy pathway to respond to stress. Fresh PBMCs are readily available in the clinical setting using standard phlebotomy. The entire assay described in this protocol can be completed in less than 4 hours without the involvement of complex biochemical techniques. Additionally, we describe a normalization method that is necessary for obtaining reproducible data. The simple procedure and normalization methods presented allow for repeated sample collection from the same patient and generation of reproducible data that can be compared between time points to evaluate potential treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rebekah Feng
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Quang Nguyen
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Alexander Ross
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health;
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Yatoo MI, Dimri U, Gopalakrishnan A, Saxena A, Wani SA, Dhama K. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory potential of Pedicularis longiflora and Allium carolinianum in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:375-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Mechanistic insights into the protective impact of zinc on sepsis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 39:92-101. [PMID: 29279185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammation as a response to a bacterial infection, is a huge unmet medical need. Data accumulated over the last decade suggest that the nutritional status of patients as well as composition of their gut microbiome, are strongly linked with the risk to develop sepsis, the severity of the disease and prognosis. In particular, the essential micronutrient zinc is essential in the resistance against sepsis and has shown to be protective in animal models as well as in human patients. The potential mechanisms by which zinc protects in sepsis are discussed in this review paper: we will focus on the inflammatory response, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, immune response, oxidative stress and modulation of the microbiome. A full understanding of the mechanism of action of zinc may open new preventive and therapeutic interventions in sepsis.
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Duvigneau JC, Kozlov AV. Pathological Impact of the Interaction of NO and CO with Mitochondria in Critical Care Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:223. [PMID: 29312941 PMCID: PMC5743798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of patients with critical care diseases (CCD) such as sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, or trauma is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In turn, mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently induced upon interaction with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), two gaseous messengers formed in the body by NO synthase (NOS) and heme oxygenase (HO), respectively. Both, NOS and HO are upregulated in the majority of CCD. A multitude of factors that are associated with the pathology of CCD exert a potential to interfere with mitochondrial function or the effects of the gaseous messengers. From these, four major factors can be identified that directly influence the effects of NO and CO on mitochondria and which are defined by (i) local concentration of NO and/or CO, (ii) tissue oxygenation, (iii) redox status of cells in terms of facilitating or inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation, and (iv) the degree of tissue acidosis. The combination of these four factors in specific pathological situations defines whether effects of NO and CO are beneficial or deleterious.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
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Involvement of Mitochondrial Disorders in Septic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4076348. [PMID: 29201271 PMCID: PMC5671744 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4076348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite the development of various therapeutic strategies. Cardiac dysfunction, also referred to as septic cardiomyopathy, is a frequent and well-described complication of sepsis and associated with worse clinical outcomes. Recent research has increased our understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of septic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this review is to present this evidence as a coherent whole and to highlight future research directions.
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46
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Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and the correlation with human diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1213-1223. [PMID: 29054925 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The platelet is considered as an accessible and valuable tool to study mitochondrial function, owing to its greater content of fully functional mitochondria compared with other metabolically active organelles. Different lines of studies have demonstrated that mitochondria in platelets have function far more than thrombogenesis regulation, and beyond hemostasis, platelet mitochondrial dysfunction has also been used for studying mitochondrial-related diseases. In this review, the interplay between platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA lesions, electron transfer chain impairments, mitochondrial apoptosis and mitophagy has been outlined. Meanwhile, considerable efforts have been made towards understanding the role of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in human diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, sepsis and neurodegenerative disorders. Alongside this, we have also articulated our perspectives on the development of potential biomarkers of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in mitochondrial-related diseases.
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Lower mitochondrial dysfunction in survivor septic patients with mitochondrial DNA haplogroup JT. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 36:539-543. [PMID: 29054538 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The comparison on mitochondrial function between severe septic patients and healthy control subjects according to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) haplogroup has not been previously reported; and this was the objective of the current study. METHODS Prospective, multicenter, observational study. We obtained blood samples from 198 severe septic patients at days 1, 4 and 8 of severe sepsis diagnosis and from 96 sex- and age-matched healthy controls to determine mtDNA haplogroup and platelet respiratory complex IV (CIV) specific activity. The endpoint of the study was 30-day mortality. RESULTS We included 198 severe septic patients (38 with mtDNA haplogroup JT and 160 with mtDNA haplogroup non-JT) and 96 healthy control subjects (16 with mtDNA haplogroup JT and 80 with mtDNA haplogroup non-JT). We have no found statistically significant differences in platelet CIV specific activity between healthy controls and survivor severe septic patients with mtDNA haplogroup JT at days 1, 4 and 8 of severe sepsis diagnosis; and the remaining severe septic patients showed lower platelet CIV specific activity than healthy controls with the same mtDNA haplogroup. CONCLUSIONS The new finding of our study was that survivor severe septic patients and healthy controls with mtDNA haplogroup JT showed no different platelet Civ specific activity.
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Stepien KM, Heaton R, Rankin S, Murphy A, Bentley J, Sexton D, Hargreaves IP. Evidence of Oxidative Stress and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Disorders. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E71. [PMID: 28753922 PMCID: PMC5532579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases and conditions. Oxidative stress occurs once the antioxidant defenses of the body become overwhelmed and are no longer able to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS can then go unchallenged and are able to cause oxidative damage to cellular lipids, DNA and proteins, which will eventually result in cellular and organ dysfunction. Although not always the primary cause of disease, mitochondrial dysfunction as a secondary consequence disease of pathophysiology can result in increased ROS generation together with an impairment in cellular energy status. Mitochondrial dysfunction may result from either free radical-induced oxidative damage or direct impairment by the toxic metabolites which accumulate in certain metabolic diseases. In view of the importance of cellular antioxidant status, a number of therapeutic strategies have been employed in disorders associated with oxidative stress with a view to neutralising the ROS and reactive nitrogen species implicated in disease pathophysiology. Although successful in some cases, these adjunct therapies have yet to be incorporated into the clinical management of patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging evidence of oxidative stress, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant treatment efficacy in metabolic and non-metabolic diseases in which there is a current interest in these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Stepien
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Scott Rankin
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Alex Murphy
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - James Bentley
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Darren Sexton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Merz TM, Pereira AJ, Schürch R, Schefold JC, Jakob SM, Takala J, Djafarzadeh S. Mitochondrial function of immune cells in septic shock: A prospective observational cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178946. [PMID: 28591158 PMCID: PMC5462395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced cellular ATP synthesis due to impaired mitochondrial function of immune cells may be a factor influencing the immune response in septic shock. We investigate changes in mitochondrial function and bioenergetics of human monocytes and lymphocyte subsets. Methods Thirty patients with septic shock were studied at ICU admission, after 24 and 48 hours, and after resolution of shock. Enzymatic activities of citrate synthase and mitochondrial complexes I, IV, and ATP synthase and ATP content of monocytes, T-cells and B-cells and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine plasma concentrations were compared to samples from 20 healthy volunteers. Results Large variations in mitochondrial enzymatic activities of immune cells of septic patients were detected. In monocytes, maximum levels of citrate synthase activity in sepsis were significantly lower when compared to controls (p = 0.021). Maximum relative enzymatic activity (ratio relative to citrate synthase activity) of complex I (p<0.001), complex IV (p = 0.017) and ATP synthase (p<0.001) were significantly higher. In T-cells, maximum levels of citrate synthase (p = 0.583) and relative complex IV (p = 0.602) activity did not differ between patients and controls, whereas levels of relative complex I (p = 0.006) and ATP synthase (p = 0.032) were significantly higher in septic patients. In B-cells of patients, maximum levels of citrate synthase activity (p = 0.004) and relative complex I (p<0.001) were significantly higher, and mean levels of relative complex IV (p = 0.042) lower than the control values, whereas relative ATP synthase activity did not differ (p = 1.0). No significant difference in cellular ATP content was detected in any cell line (p = 0.142–0.519). No significant correlations between specific cytokines and parameters of mitochondrial enzymatic activities or ATP content were observed. Conclusions Significant changes of mitochondrial enzymatic activities occur in human peripheral blood immune cells in septic shock when compared to healthy controls. Assessed sub-types of immune cells showed differing patterns of regulation. Total ATP-content of human immune cells did not differ between patients in septic shock and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Merz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano J. Pereira
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schürch
- Division of Statistics, Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C. Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan M. Jakob
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Takala
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Siamak Djafarzadeh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Yang HH, Liu YJ, Wang XZ. Synthesis of novel dibenzoxanthene derivatives and observation of apoptosis in human hepatocellular cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:333-344. [PMID: 28521246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized dibenzoxanthene derivatives 2a-2i via nucleophilic substitution of methoxyl group and evaluated underlying antitumor molecular mechanism of target compounds. Compounds showed high cytotoxic activities against BEL-7402, A549, HeLa and MG-63 cancer cells in the µM range. These compounds inhibited the cell growth of BEL-7402 cells at S or G2/M phase. The compounds 2a-2i also induced the apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells. In addition, compounds enhanced the level of intramolecular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis showed caspase-3 were activated and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl was down-regulated. According to given results, these dibenzoxanthenes exhibited a broad spectrum of antiproliferative effects on various tumors and therapeutic efficacy. Molecular mechanism indicated that induction of apoptosis was associated with DNA fragmentation, ROS generation, mitochondria dysfunction. Compounds induced apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells through the intrinsic ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiu-Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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