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Acupoint Catgut-Embedding Therapy Inhibits NF-κB/COX-2 Pathway in an Ovalbumin-Induced Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1764104. [PMID: 35281601 PMCID: PMC8906959 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1764104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is associated with T helper (Th) 2 cell-biased immune responses and characterized by the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Studies have shown that the acupoint catgut-embedding therapy (ACE) has a therapeutic effect on allergic asthma. However, the relevant mechanism is poorly understood. In present study, female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish a model of allergic asthma. AHR was evaluated by using airway resistance (
) and lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion were observed by HE and PAS staining. Inflammatory cells were counted, and related cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2s) proportions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was detected by immunostaining. Our results showed that OVA induction resulted in a significant increase in
, accompanied by a significant decrease in Cdyn. The levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-13, OVA-specific IgE in BALF, and the percentage of ILC2 in the lungs were markedly increased accompanied by a significant decreased in interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Furthermore, the expressions of p-NF-κB p65 and COX-2 in airways were significantly upregulated. After ACE treatment, the indicators above were significantly reversed. In conclusion, ACE treatment inhibited the secretion of Th2 cytokines and the proliferation of ILC2s in the lungs, thereby dampening the inflammatory activity in allergic asthma. The underlying mechanism might be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.
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Georas SN. Inhaled Adjuvants and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma: Is a Little Bit of Lipopolysaccharide the Key to Allergen Sensitization? THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1699-1701. [PMID: 34544811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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3
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Recent trends of NFκB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-based nanotherapeutics in lung diseases. J Control Release 2021; 337:629-644. [PMID: 34375688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NFκB) is a unique protein complex that plays a major role in lung inflammation and respiratory dysfunction. The NFκB signaling pathway, therefore becomes an avenue for the development of potential pharmacological interventions, especially in situations where chronic inflammation is often constitutively active and plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. NFκB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are double-stranded and carry NFκB binding sequences. They prevent the formation of NFκB-mediated inflammatory cytokines and thus have been employed in the treatment of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the systemic administration of naked decoy ODNs restricts their therapeutic effectiveness because of their poor pharmacokinetic profile, instability, degradation by cellular enzymes and their low cellular uptake. Both structural modification and nanotechnology have shown promising results in enhancing the pharmacokinetic profiles of potent therapeutic substances and have also shown great potential in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. In this review, we examine the contribution of NFκB activation in respiratory diseases and recent advancements in the therapeutic use of decoy ODNs. In addition, we also highlight the limitations and challenges in use of decoy ODNs as therapeutic molecules, cellular uptake of decoy ODNs, and the current need for novel delivery systems to provide efficient delivery of decoy ODNs. Furthermore, this review provides a common platform for discussion on the existence of decoy ODNs, as well as outlining perspectives on the latest generation of delivery systems that encapsulate decoy ODNs and target NFκB in respiratory diseases.
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Liu T, Liu S, Zhou X. Innate Immune Responses and Pulmonary Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:53-71. [PMID: 34019263 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense line of the host against various infectious pathogens, environmental insults, and other stimuli causing cell damages. Upon stimulation, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) act as sensors to activate innate immune responses, containing NF-κB signaling, IFN response, and inflammasome activation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and other nucleic acid sensors are involved in innate immune responses. The activation of innate immune responses can facilitate the host to eliminate pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, the activity of innate immune responses needs to be tightly controlled to ensure the optimal intensity and duration of activation under various contexts. Uncontrolled innate immune responses can lead to various disorders associated with aberrant inflammatory response, including pulmonary diseases such as COPD, asthma, and COVID-19. In this chapter, we will have a broad overview of how innate immune responses function and the regulation and activation of innate immune response at molecular levels as well as their contribution to various pulmonary diseases. A better understanding of such association between innate immune responses and pulmonary diseases may provide potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siqi Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Xian Z, Choi YH, Zheng M, Jiang J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Li J, Li Y, Li L, Piao H, Yan G. Imperatorin alleviates ROS-mediated airway remodeling by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:898-910. [PMID: 31900049 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1710107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of imperatorin (IMP) in chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, α-SMA, and ROS were detected by ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, and Western blot. In addition, we evaluated the effect of IMP on MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. IMP treatment obviously attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of OVA-induced airway remodeling model. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, VEGF production, α-SMA, and ROS expression. Our study has shown that IMP could regulate the signaling pathways including MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 to release the inflammatory responses. IMP might attenuate airway remodeling by the down-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemin Xian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ho Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhe Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Piao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, P.R. China
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Defnet AE, Huang W, Polischak S, Yadav SK, Kane MA, Shapiro P, Deshpande DA. Effects of ATP-competitive and function-selective ERK inhibitors on airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. FASEB J 2019; 33:10833-10843. [PMID: 31266368 PMCID: PMC6766654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900680r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell mass and secretory functions are characteristics of airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. To date, there are no effective therapies to combat ASM cell proliferation, which contributes to bronchoconstriction and airway obstruction. Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and the activation of the ERK1/2 are major regulators of ASM cell proliferation and airway remodeling in asthma. However, given the ubiquitous expression and multiple functions of ERK1/2, complete inhibition of ERK1/2 using ATP-competitive inhibitors may lead to unwanted off-target effects. Alternatively, we have identified compounds that are designed to target substrate docking sites and act as function-selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 signaling. Here, we show that both function-selective and ATP-competitive ERK1/2 inhibitors are effective at inhibiting PDGF-mediated proliferation, collagen production, and IL-6 secretion in ASM cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that both types of inhibitors had similar effects on reducing proteins related to TGF-β and IL-6 signaling that are relevant to airway remodeling. However, function-selective ERK1/2 inhibitors caused fewer changes in protein expression compared with ATP-competitive inhibitors. These studies provide a molecular basis for the development of function-selective ERK1/2 inhibitors to mitigate airway remodeling in asthma with defined regulation of ERK1/2 signaling.-Defnet, A. E., Huang, W., Polischak, S., Yadav, S. K., Kane, M. A., Shapiro, P., Deshpande, D. A. Effects of ATP-competitive and function-selective ERK inhibitors on airway smooth muscle cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Polischak
- Department of Medicine, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medicine, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deepak A. Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Elemam NM, Hamoudi RA. Toxicogenomic analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data can predict food, drugs, and chemical-induced asthma. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:181-199. [PMID: 31692590 PMCID: PMC6717055 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s217535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background : With the increasing incidence of asthma, more attention is focused on the diverse and complex nutritional and environmental triggers of asthma exacerbations. Currently, there are no established risk assessment tools to evaluate asthma triggering potentials of most of the nutritional and environmental triggers encountered by asthmatic patients. Purpose The objective of this study is to devise a reliable workflow, capable of estimating the toxicogenomic effect of such factors on key player genes in asthma pathogenesis. Methods Gene expression extracted from publicly available datasets of asthmatic bronchial epithelium were subjected to a comprehensive analysis of differential gene expression to identify significant genes involved in asthma development and progression. The identified genes were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using a total of 31,826 gene sets related to chemical, toxins, and drugs to identify common agents that share similar asthma-related targets genes and signaling pathways. Results Our analysis identified 225 differentially expressed genes between severe asthmatic and healthy bronchial epithelium. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the identified genes showed that they are involved in response to toxic substances and organic cyclic compounds and are targeted by 41 specific diets, plants products, and plants related toxins (eg adenine, arachidonic acid, baicalein, caffeic acid, corilagin, curcumin, ellagic acid, luteolin, microcystin-RR, phytoestrogens, protoporphyrin IX, purpurogallin, rottlerin, and salazinic acid). Moreover, the identified chemicals share interesting inflammation-related pathways like NF-κB. Conclusion Our analysis was able to explain and predict the toxicity in terms of stimulating the differentially expressed genes between severe asthmatic and healthy epithelium. Such an approach can pave the way to generate a cost-effective and reliable source for asthma-specific toxigenic reports thus allowing the asthmatic patients, physicians, and medical researchers to be aware of the potential triggering factors with fatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat A Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Huang WC, Wu LY, Hu S, Wu SJ. Spilanthol Inhibits COX-2 and ICAM-1 Expression via Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Interleukin-1β-Stimulated Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2019; 41:1934-1944. [PMID: 29959625 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spilanthol a phytochemical derived from the Spilanthes acmella plant has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated its effects on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and inflammation-related mediators in IL-1β-stimulated human lung epithelial A549 cells. Human lung epithelial A549 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of spilanthol (3-100 μM) followed by treatment with IL-1β to induce inflammation. The protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured using ELISA. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heme oxygenase (HO-1), nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were measured by immunoblotting. The mRNA expression levels of ICAM-1 and MUC5AC were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Spilanthol decreased the expression of PGE2, COX-2, TNF-α, and MCP-1. It also decreased ICAM-1 expression and suppressed monocyte adhesion to IL-1β-stimulated A549 cells. Spilanthol also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK and I-κB. These results suggest that spilanthol exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2, and ICAM-1 by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Sindy Hu
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan. .,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan. .,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.
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9
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Bollu PC, Kaur H. Sleep Medicine: Insomnia and Sleep. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2019; 116:68-75. [PMID: 30862990 PMCID: PMC6390785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia disorder is an economic burden and public health concern affecting up to one-third of the population of the United States. It is mostly seen in older age groups, and often considered a normal aging phenomenon. The diagnosis and treatment of insomnia rely mainly on a thorough sleep history to address the precipitating factors as well as maladaptive behaviors resulting in poor sleep. It is important for clinicians to recognize and manage the symptoms of insomnia to prevent the morbidity associated with it. This review aims to highlight the pathophysiology, associated comorbidities, clinical evaluation and effective management strategies for insomnia disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep C Bollu
- Pradeep C. Bollu, MD, and Harleen Kaur, MBBS, are in the Department of Neurology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Pradeep C. Bollu, MD, and Harleen Kaur, MBBS, are in the Department of Neurology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
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10
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Ather JL, Dienz O, Boyson JE, Anathy V, Amiel E, Poynter ME. Serum Amyloid A3 is required for normal lung development and survival following influenza infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16571. [PMID: 30410021 PMCID: PMC6224415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are a family of acute phase apolipoproteins implicated to directly modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. However, new studies comparing endogenous SAAs and recombinant forms of these proteins have questioned the function of SAA in inflammation and immunity. We generated SAA3 knockout mice to evaluate the contribution of SAA3 to lung development and immune-mediated lung disease. While SAA3 deficiency does not affect the generation of house dust mite-induced allergic asthma, mice lacking SAA3 develop adult-onset obesity, intrinsic airway hyperresponsiveness, increased inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression in the lung, and elevated levels of lung citrullinated proteins. Polyclonally stimulated CD4+ T cells from SAA3-/- mice exhibit impaired glycolytic activity, decreased TH2 and TH1 cytokine secretion, and elevated IL-17A production compared to wild type cells. Polyclonally stimulated CD8+ T cells from SAA3-/- mice also exhibit impaired glycolytic activity as well as a diminished capacity to produce IL-2 and IFNγ. Finally, SAA3-/- mice demonstrate increased mortality in response to H1N1 influenza infection, along with higher copy number of viral RNAs in the lung, a lack of CD8+ T cell IFNγ secretion, and decreased flu-specific antibodies. Our findings indicate that endogenous SAA3 regulates lung development and homeostasis, and is required for protection against H1N1 influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Oliver Dienz
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jonathan E Boyson
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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Tian B, Hosoki K, Liu Z, Yang J, Zhao Y, Sun H, Zhou J, Rytting E, Kaphalia L, Calhoun WJ, Sur S, Brasier AR. Mucosal bromodomain-containing protein 4 mediates aeroallergen-induced inflammation and remodeling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1380-1394.e9. [PMID: 30321559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent exacerbations of allergic asthma lead to airway remodeling and a decrease in pulmonary function, producing morbidity. Cat dander is an aeroallergen associated with asthma risk. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the mechanism of cat dander-induced inflammation-remodeling. METHODS We identified remodeling in mucosal samples from allergic asthma by using quantitative RT-PCR. We developed a model of aeroallergen-induced experimental asthma using repetitive cat dander extract exposure. We measured airway inflammation using immunofluorescence, leukocyte recruitment, and quantitative RT-PCR. Airway remodeling was measured by using histology, collagen content, myofibroblast numbers, and selected reaction monitoring. Inducible nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-BRD4 interaction was measured by using a proximity ligation assay in situ. RESULTS Enhanced mesenchymal signatures are observed in bronchial biopsy specimens from patients with allergic asthma. Cat dander induces innate inflammation through NF-κB signaling, followed by production of a profibrogenic mesenchymal transition in primary human small airway epithelial cells. The IκB kinase-NF-κB signaling pathway is required for mucosal inflammation-coupled airway remodeling and myofibroblast expansion in the mouse model of aeroallergen exposure. Cat dander induces NF-κB/RelA to complex with and activate BRD4, resulting in modifying the chromatin environment of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes through its atypical histone acetyltransferase activity. A novel small-molecule BRD4 inhibitor (ZL0454) disrupts BRD4 binding to the NF-κB-RNA polymerase II complex and inhibits its histone acetyltransferase activity. ZL0454 prevents epithelial mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast expansion, IgE sensitization, and fibrosis in airways of naive mice exposed to cat dander. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB-inducible BRD4 activity mediates cat dander-induced inflammation and remodeling. Therapeutic modulation of the NF-κB-BRD4 pathway affects allergen-induced inflammation, epithelial cell-state changes, extracellular matrix production, and expansion of the subepithelial myofibroblast population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Koa Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Jia Zhou
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Erik Rytting
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Lata Kaphalia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - William J Calhoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
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12
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Qian X, Aboushousha R, van de Wetering C, Chia SB, Amiel E, Schneider RW, van der Velden JLJ, Lahue KG, Hoagland DA, Casey DT, Daphtary N, Ather JL, Randall MJ, Aliyeva M, Black KE, Chapman DG, Lundblad LKA, McMillan DH, Dixon AE, Anathy V, Irvin CG, Poynter ME, Wouters EFM, Vacek PM, Henket M, Schleich F, Louis R, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. IL-1/inhibitory κB kinase ε-induced glycolysis augment epithelial effector function and promote allergic airways disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:435-450.e10. [PMID: 29108965 PMCID: PMC6278819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies suggest that enhanced glycolysis accompanies inflammatory responses. Virtually nothing is known about the relevance of glycolysis in patients with allergic asthma. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether glycolysis is altered in patients with allergic asthma and to address its importance in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. METHODS We examined alterations in glycolysis in sputum samples from asthmatic patients and primary human nasal cells and used murine models of allergic asthma, as well as primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells, to evaluate the relevance of glycolysis. RESULTS In a murine model of allergic asthma, glycolysis was induced in the lungs in an IL-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, administration of IL-1β into the airways stimulated lactate production and expression of glycolytic enzymes, with notable expression of lactate dehydrogenase A occurring in the airway epithelium. Indeed, exposure of mouse tracheal epithelial cells to IL-1β or IL-1α resulted in increased glycolytic flux, glucose use, expression of glycolysis genes, and lactate production. Enhanced glycolysis was required for IL-1β- or IL-1α-mediated proinflammatory responses and the stimulatory effects of IL-1β on house dust mite (HDM)-induced release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and GM-CSF from tracheal epithelial cells. Inhibitor of κB kinase ε was downstream of HDM or IL-1β and required for HDM-induced glycolysis and pathogenesis of allergic airways disease. Small interfering RNA ablation of lactate dehydrogenase A attenuated HDM-induced increases in lactate levels and attenuated HDM-induced disease. Primary nasal epithelial cells from asthmatic patients intrinsically produced more lactate compared with cells from healthy subjects. Lactate content was significantly higher in sputum supernatants from asthmatic patients, notably those with greater than 61% neutrophils. A positive correlation was observed between sputum lactate and IL-1β levels, and lactate content correlated negatively with lung function. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings demonstrate that IL-1β/inhibitory κB kinase ε signaling plays an important role in HDM-induced glycolysis and pathogenesis of allergic airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shi B Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, Vt
| | - Robert W Schneider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Jos L J van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Daisy A Hoagland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Dylan T Casey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Matthew J Randall
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Kendall E Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - David G Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lennart K A Lundblad
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - David H McMillan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Charles G Irvin
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Medical Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Monique Henket
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Sart-TilmanB35, Liege, Belgium
| | - Florence Schleich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Sart-TilmanB35, Liege, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Sart-TilmanB35, Liege, Belgium
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
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13
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Hasegawa K, Pérez-Losada M, Hoptay CE, Epstein S, Mansbach JM, Teach SJ, Piedra PA, Camargo CA, Freishtat RJ. RSV vs. rhinovirus bronchiolitis: difference in nasal airway microRNA profiles and NFκB signaling. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:606-614. [PMID: 29244796 PMCID: PMC6174252 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough rhinovirus infection is associated with increased risks of acute and chronic respiratory outcomes during childhood compared with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to determine the differences in nasal airway microRNA profiles and their downstream effects between infants with rhinovirus and RSV bronchiolitis.MethodsAs part of a multicenter cohort study of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis, we examined nasal samples obtained from 16 infants with rhinovirus and 16 infants with RSV. We tested nasal airway samples using microarrays to profile global microRNA expression and determine the predicted regulation of targeted transcripts. We also measured gene expression and cytokines for NFκB pathway components.ResultsBetween the virus groups, 386 microRNAs were differentially expressed (false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05). In infants with rhinovirus, the NFκB pathway was highly ranked as a predicted target for these differentially expressed microRNAs compared with RSV. Pathway analysis using measured mRNA expression data validated that rhinovirus infection had upregulation of NFκB family (RelA and NFκB2) and downregulation of inhibitor κB family. Infants with rhinovirus had higher levels of NFκB-induced type-2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-13; FDR<0.01).ConclusionIn infants with bronchiolitis, rhinovirus and RSV infections had different nasal airway microRNA profiles associated with NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA;,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences and the Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC;,CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Claire E. Hoptay
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Samuel Epstein
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
| | | | - Stephen J. Teach
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences and the Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Pedro A. Piedra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J. Freishtat
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences and the Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC;,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC;,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC;,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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14
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Lee IS, Cho DH, Kim KS, Kim KH, Park J, Kim Y, Jung JH, Kim K, Jung HJ, Jang HJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of embelin in A549 cells and human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:83-90. [PMID: 29299941 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1414836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allergic asthma is the most common type in asthma, which is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung. In this study, we investigated whether embelin (Emb), the major component of Ardisia japonica BL. (AJB), exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on allergic asthma via inhibition of NF-κB activity using A549 cells and asthmatic airway epithelial tissues. METHODS Inflammation was induced in A549 cells, a human airway epithelial cell line, by IL-1β (10 ng/ml) treatment for 4 h. The effects of Emb on NF-κB activity and COX-2 protein expression in inflamed airway epithelial cells and human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues were analyzed via western blot. The secretion levels of NF-κB-mediated cytokines/chemokines, including IL-4, 6, 9, 13, TNF-α and eotaxin, were measured by a multiplex assay. RESULTS Emb significantly blocked NF-κB activity in IL-1β-treated A549 cells and human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues. COX-2 expression was also reduced in both IL-1β-treated A549 cells and asthmatic tissues Emb application. Emb significantly reduced the secretion of IL-4, IL-6 and eotaxin in human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues by inhibiting activity of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that Emb may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent via inhibition of NF-κB and related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seung Lee
- a College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Cho
- b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Biological Sciences in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- a College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Kim
- a College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- a College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Kim
- a College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- a College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanil Kim
- b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Biological Sciences in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Jung
- b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Biological Sciences in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- a College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Science in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Biological Sciences in Korean Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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15
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Lin YC, Lai CC, Chien CC, Chen CM, Chiang SR, Ho CH, Weng SF, Cheng KC. Is insomnia a risk factor for new-onset asthma? A population-based study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018714. [PMID: 29187415 PMCID: PMC5719310 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether insomnia at baseline is a risk factor for new-onset asthma. METHODS We recruited 48 871 patients with insomnia (insomnia group) newly diagnosed between 2002 and 2007, and 97 742 matched controls without insomnia (control group) from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. All of the patients were followed up for 4 years to see whether new-onset asthma developed. Patients with previous asthma or insomnia were excluded. The Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs of asthma. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the risk of asthma between the two groups. RESULTS After a 4-year follow-up, 424 patients in the insomnia group and 409 in the control group developed asthma. The incidence rate of asthma was significantly higher in the insomnia group (22.01vs10.57 per 10 000 person-years). Patients with insomnia have a higher risk of developing new-onset asthma during the 4-year follow-up (HR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.39). The difference remained significant after adjustment (adjusted HR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.17). CONCLUSIONS This large population-based study suggests that insomnia at baseline is a risk factor for developing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Jiannren Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yung Kang, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Healthcare Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ren Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yung Kang, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Healthcare Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Weng
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yung Kang, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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16
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McDermott AJ, Tumey TA, Huang M, Hull CM, Klein BS. Inhaled Cryptococcus neoformans elicits allergic airway inflammation independent of Nuclear Factor Kappa B signalling in lung epithelial cells. Immunology 2017; 153:513-522. [PMID: 29055116 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary challenge with the ubiquitous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans results in allergic airway inflammation (AAI) characterized by robust recruitment of eosinophils and T cells producing type 2 cytokines to the lungs. Previous studies have demonstrated a critical role for Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activation within lung epithelial cells (LECs) in driving AAI in response to protein allergens, yet the role of LEC-intrinsic NF-κB in promoting AAI following exposure to C. neoformans is poorly understood. To investigate the role of LEC-intrinsic NF-κB in promoting AAI following C. neoformans challenge, we used IKK∆LEC mice, which lack canonical NF-κB activation specifically within LECs. IKK∆LEC and littermate control mice were intranasally challenged with 106 CFU of C. neoformans strain 52D, and lung tissues were collected at 7, 14 and 21 days post infection to assess the development of AAI. Notably, the absence of epithelial NF-κB signalling did not affect the magnitude or kinetics of lung eosinophilia when compared with the response in wild-type control mice. The total numbers of lung T cells producing the type 2 cytokines interleukin-5 and interleukin-13 were also unchanged in IKK∆LEC mice. Furthermore, IKK∆LEC mice showed no defect in the recruitment of protective interferon-γ-producing CD4 T cells to the lungs, fungal clearance, or host survival compared with control mice. Immunofluorescence imaging surprisingly revealed no evidence of nuclear localization of NF-κB in LECs in response to C. neoformans challenge, indicating that NF-κB is not activated within these cells. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that NF-κB signalling within LECs does not promote AAI observed in response to C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McDermott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tyler A Tumey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christina M Hull
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Zeller KS, Johansson H, Lund TØ, Kristensen NN, Roggen EL, Lindstedt M. An alternative biomarker-based approach for the prediction of proteins known to sensitize the respiratory tract. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 46:155-162. [PMID: 29017774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many natural and industrial proteins are known to have properties that can result in type I hypersensitivity, however, to date, no validated test system exists that can predict the sensitizing potential of these allergens. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a protocol based on the myeloid cell-based Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD) assay that can be used to assess and predict the capacity of protein allergens known to induce sensitization in the respiratory tract. Cellular responses induced by eight selected proteins were assessed using transcriptional profiling, flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine analysis. 391 potential biomarkers were identified as a predictive signature and a series of cross-validations supported the validity of the model. These results together with biological pathway analysis of the transcriptomic data indicate that the investigated cell system is able to capture relevant events linked to type I hypersensitization.
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18
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Inam A, Shahzad M, Shabbir A, Shahid H, Shahid K, Javeed A. Carica papaya ameliorates allergic asthma via down regulation of IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin, TNF-α, NF-ĸB, and iNOS levels. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 32:1-7. [PMID: 28732802 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products have a prime importance as an essential source for new drug discovery. Carica papaya leaves (CPL) have been used to treat inflammation in traditional system of medicine. AIM/HYPOTHESIS Current study evaluates the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of CPL extract using mouse model of ovalbumin- (OVA) induced allergic asthma. METHODS All the mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and subsequently given intranasal challenge with OVA except the control group. Group-III and -IV were treated for seven consecutive days with CPL extract and methylprednisolone (MP), respectively. At the end of study, histopathological examination of the lungs was performed and inflammatory cell counts were done in blood as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin, TNF-α, NF-ĸB, and iNOS were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Results showed significant attenuation of lung infiltration of inflammatory cells, alveolar thickening, and goblet cell hyperplasia after treatment with CPL extract. We also found significant suppression of total and differential leukocyte counts in both blood and BALF samples of CPL extract treated group. CPL extract also alleviated the expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin, TNF-α, NF-ĸB, and iNOS. Similarly, treatment with MP, used as a reference drug, also significantly ameliorated all the pro-inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Current study shows that CPL extract possesses anti-inflammatory effect in mouse model of allergic airway inflammation by down-regulating IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin, TNF-α, NF-ĸB, and iNOS expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Inam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Pharmacology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Shahid
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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19
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Dixon AE, Poynter ME. Mechanisms of Asthma in Obesity. Pleiotropic Aspects of Obesity Produce Distinct Asthma Phenotypes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:601-8. [PMID: 26886277 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0017ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with severe or difficult-to-control asthma in the United States are obese. Epidemiological studies have clearly established that obese patients tend to have worse asthma control and increased hospitalizations and do not respond to standard controller therapy as well as lean patients with asthma. Less clear are the mechanistic underpinnings for the striking clinical differences between lean and obese patients with asthma. Because obesity is principally a disorder of metabolism and energy regulation, processes fundamental to the function of every cell and system within the body, it is not surprising that it affects the respiratory system; it is perhaps surprising that it has taken so long to appreciate how dysfunctional metabolism and energy regulation lead to severe airway disease. Although early investigations focused on identifying a common factor in obesity that could promote airway disease, an appreciation has emerged that the asthma of obesity is a manifestation of multiple anomalies related to obesity affecting all the different pathways that cause asthma, and likely also to de novo airway dysfunction. Consequently, all the phenotypes of asthma currently recognized in lean patients (which are profoundly modified by obesity), as well as those unique to one's obesity endotype, likely contribute to obese asthma in a particular individual. This perspective reviews what we have learned from clinical studies and animal models about the phenotypes of asthma in obesity, which show how specific aspects of obesity and altered metabolism might lead to de novo airway disease and profoundly modify existing airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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20
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Wang TY, Zhou QL, Li M, Shang YX. Shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling by inhibiting the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:169-179. [PMID: 28521243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and has been reported to suppress allergic airway inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear and need to be further elucidated. In this study, shikonin (0.5, 2 or 4mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice. We found that the pathological airway remodeling of asthmatic mice was alleviated by shikonin, and the infiltrated inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in their lungs were reduced. Furthermore, the abnormal activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and the elevation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the lung of asthmatic mice were suppressed by shikonin. The inactivation of NF-κB by shikonin was at least in part via inhibiting IκBα activation. In vitro, the treatment of shikonin inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation of primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and induced a G0/G1 arrest in these cells. In addition, ASMCs exposed to PDGF acquired an enhanced migratory ability, and the activities of MMP9 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and expression of MMP9 of these cells were significantly up-regulated. These PDGF-induced alterations were also inhibited by shikonin. The inhibitory effects of shikonin on the proliferation and migration of ASMCs were comparable to pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, the present study sheds lights on how shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yue Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Lan Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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21
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van Bilsen JHM, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka E, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Willemsen LEM, Antunes CM, Molina E, Smit JJ, Wróblewska B, Wichers HJ, Knol EF, Ladics GS, Pieters RHH, Denery-Papini S, Vissers YM, Bavaro SL, Larré C, Verhoeckx KCM, Roggen EL. Application of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept to structure the available in vivo and in vitro mechanistic data for allergic sensitization to food proteins. Clin Transl Allergy 2017; 7:13. [PMID: 28507730 PMCID: PMC5429547 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-017-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of whole new foods in a population may lead to sensitization and food allergy. This constitutes a potential public health problem and a challenge to risk assessors and managers as the existing understanding of the pathophysiological processes and the currently available biological tools for prediction of the risk for food allergy development and the severity of the reaction are not sufficient. There is a substantial body of in vivo and in vitro data describing molecular and cellular events potentially involved in food sensitization. However, these events have not been organized in a sequence of related events that is plausible to result in sensitization, and useful to challenge current hypotheses. The aim of this manuscript was to collect and structure the current mechanistic understanding of sensitization induction to food proteins by applying the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP). MAIN BODY The proposed AOP for food sensitization is based on information on molecular and cellular mechanisms and pathways evidenced to be involved in sensitization by food and food proteins and uses the AOPs for chemical skin sensitization and respiratory sensitization induction as templates. Available mechanistic data on protein respiratory sensitization were included to fill out gaps in the understanding of how proteins may affect cells, cell-cell interactions and tissue homeostasis. Analysis revealed several key events (KE) and biomarkers that may have potential use in testing and assessment of proteins for their sensitizing potential. CONCLUSION The application of the AOP concept to structure mechanistic in vivo and in vitro knowledge has made it possible to identify a number of methods, each addressing a specific KE, that provide information about the food allergenic potential of new proteins. When applied in the context of an integrated strategy these methods may reduce, if not replace, current animal testing approaches. The proposed AOP will be shared at the www.aopwiki.org platform to expand the mechanistic data, improve the confidence in each of the proposed KE and key event relations (KERs), and allow for the identification of new, or refinement of established KE and KERs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Barbara Wróblewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edward F Knol
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Simona L Bavaro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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22
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 via NF- κB Pathway in A549 Cells and Human Asthmatic Lung Tissue. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7521601. [PMID: 28116321 PMCID: PMC5223042 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7521601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. There is limited information of the anti-inflammatory effects of Rg3 on inflamed lung cells and tissues. Therefore, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 in inflamed human airway epithelial cells (A549) and tissues whether Rg3 regulates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity. Methods. To induce the inflammation, IL-1β (10 ng/ml) was treated to A549 cells for 4 h. The effects of Rg3 on NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression were evaluated by western blotting analysis in both IL-1β-induced inflamed A549 cell and human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues. Using multiplex cytokines assay, the secretion levels of NF-κB-mediated cytokines/chemokines were measured. Result. Rg3 showed the significant inhibition of NF-κB activity thereby reduced COX-2 expression was determined in both IL-1β-induced inflamed A549 cell and human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues. In addition, among NF-κB-mediated cytokines, the secretion levels of IL-4, TNF-α, and eotaxin were significantly decreased by Rg3 in asthma tissues. Even though there was no significant difference, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-13 secretion showed a lower tendency compared to saline-treated human asthmatic airway epithelial tissues. Conclusion. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of Rg3 as an anti-inflammatory agent through regulating NF-κB activity and reducing the secretion of NF-κB-mediated cytokines/chemokines.
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Moskowitz AM, Belnap N, Siniard AL, Szelinger S, Claasen AM, Richholt RF, De Both M, Corneveaux JJ, Balak C, Piras IS, Russell M, Courtright AL, Rangasamy S, Ramsey K, Craig DW, Narayanan V, Huentelman MJ, Schrauwen I. A de novo missense mutation in ZMYND11 is associated with global developmental delay, seizures, and hypotonia. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 2:a000851. [PMID: 27626064 PMCID: PMC5002929 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mutations in the zinc finger MYND-type containing 11 (ZMYND11) gene were identified in patients with autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, aggression, and complex neuropsychiatric features, supporting that this gene is implicated in 10p15.3 microdeletion syndrome. We report a novel de novo variant in the ZMYND11 gene (p.Ser421Asn) in a patient with a complex neurodevelopmental phenotype. The patient is a 24-yr-old Caucasian/Filipino female with seizures, global developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, and other features including a happy disposition and ataxic gait similar to Angelman syndrome. In addition, this patient had uncommon features including eosinophilic esophagitis and multiple, severe allergies not described in similar ZMYND11 cases. This new case further supports the association of ZMYND11 with autistic-like phenotypes and suggests that ZMYND11 should be included in the list of potentially causative candidate genes in cases with complex neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby M Moskowitz
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Newell Belnap
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Szabolcs Szelinger
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Ana M Claasen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Ryan F Richholt
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Matt De Both
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Jason J Corneveaux
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Chris Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Megan Russell
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Amanda L Courtright
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Sampath Rangasamy
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - David W Craig
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Matt J Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders and Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
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Moronta J, Smaldini PL, Fossati CA, Añon MC, Docena GH. The anti-inflammatory SSEDIKE peptide from Amaranth seeds modulates IgE-mediated food allergy. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ather JL, Burgess EJ, Hoyt LR, Randall MJ, Mandal MK, Matthews DE, Boyson JE, Poynter ME. Uricase Inhibits Nitrogen Dioxide-Promoted Allergic Sensitization to Inhaled Ovalbumin Independent of Uric Acid Catabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1720-32. [PMID: 27465529 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an environmental air pollutant and endogenously generated oxidant that contributes to the exacerbation of respiratory disease and can function as an adjuvant to allergically sensitize to an innocuous inhaled Ag. Because uric acid has been implicated as a mediator of adjuvant activity, we sought to determine whether uric acid was elevated and participated in a mouse model of NO2-promoted allergic sensitization. We found that uric acid was increased in the airways of mice exposed to NO2 and that administration of uricase inhibited the development of OVA-driven allergic airway disease subsequent to OVA challenge, as well as the generation of OVA-specific Abs. However, uricase was itself immunogenic, inducing a uricase-specific adaptive immune response that occurred even when the enzymatic activity of uricase had been inactivated. Inhibition of the OVA-specific response was not due to the capacity of uricase to inhibit the early steps of OVA uptake or processing and presentation by dendritic cells, but occurred at a later step that blocked OVA-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Although blocking uric acid formation by allopurinol did not affect outcomes, administration of ultra-clean human serum albumin at protein concentrations equivalent to that of uricase inhibited NO2-promoted allergic airway disease. These results indicate that, although uric acid levels are elevated in the airways of NO2-exposed mice, the powerful inhibitory effect of uricase administration on allergic sensitization is mediated more through Ag-specific immune deviation than via suppression of allergic sensitization, a mechanism to be considered in the interpretation of results from other experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Edward J Burgess
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Laura R Hoyt
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Matthew J Randall
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Mridul K Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; and
| | - Dwight E Matthews
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; and
| | - Jonathan E Boyson
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405;
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Sakuranetin reverses vascular peribronchial and lung parenchyma remodeling in a murine model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:615-624. [PMID: 27425653 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asthma is a disease of high prevalence and morbidity that generates high costs in hospitalization and treatment. Although the airway is involved in the physiopathology of asthma, there is also evidence of the importance of vascular and lung parenchyma inflammation and remodeling, which can contribute to the functional pulmonary alterations observed in asthmatic patients. Our aim was to evaluate treatment using sakuranetin, a flavone isolated from the twigs of Baccharis retusa (Asteraceae), on vascular and lung parenchyma alterations in an experimental murine model of asthma. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were subjected to a sensitization protocol with ovalbumin for 30days and were treated with or without sakuranetin (20mg/kg/mice) or dexamethasone (5mg/kg/mice); then, the lungs were collected for histopathological analysis. We evaluated extracellular matrix remodeling (collagen and elastic fibers), inflammation (eosinophils and NF-kB) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) in the pulmonary vessels and lung parenchyma. The thickness of the vascular wall was quantified, as well as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. RESULTS We demonstrated that sakuranetin reduced the number of eosinophils and elastic fibers in both the pulmonary vessels and the lung parenchyma, probably due to a reduction of oxidative stress and of the transcription factor NF-kB and VEGF levels in the lung. In addition, it reduced the thickness of the pulmonary vascular wall. The treatment had no effect on the collagen fibers. In most of the parameters, the effect of sakuranetin was similar to the dexamethasone effect. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sakuranetin had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, preventing vascular and distal parenchyma changes in this experimental model of asthma.
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Papazian D, Würtzen PA, Hansen SWK. Polarized Airway Epithelial Models for Immunological Co-Culture Studies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:1-21. [PMID: 27240620 DOI: 10.1159/000445833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line all cavities and surfaces throughout the body and play a substantial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Asthma and other atopic diseases are increasing worldwide and allergic disorders are hypothesized to be a consequence of a combination of dysregulation of the epithelial response towards environmental antigens and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammation and T cell-derived immune responses. In vivo animal models have long been used to study immune homeostasis of the airways but are limited by species restriction and lack of exposure to a natural environment of both potential allergens and microflora. Limitations of these models prompt a need to develop new human cell-based in vitro models. A variety of co-culture systems for modelling the respiratory epithelium exist and are available to the scientific community. The models have become increasingly sophisticated and specific care needs to be taken with regard to cell types, culture medium and culture models, depending on the aim of the study. Although great strides have been made, there is still a need for further optimization, and optimally also for standardization, in order for in vitro co-culture models to become powerful tools in the discovery of key molecules dictating immunity and/or tolerance, and for understanding the complex interplay that takes place between mucosa, airway epithelium and resident or infiltrating immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge and the advantages and limitations of the different cell types and culture methods used in co-culture models of the human airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Papazian
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Watanabe Y, Cohen RA, Matsui R. Redox Regulation of Ischemic Angiogenesis - Another Aspect of Reactive Oxygen Species. Circ J 2016; 80:1278-84. [PMID: 27151566 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants are expected to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) by eliminating oxidative stress, but clinical trials have not shown promising results in chronic CVD. Animal studies have revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbate acute CVDs in which high levels of ROS are observed. However, ROS are also necessary for angiogenesis after ischemia, because ROS not only damage cells but also stimulate the cell signaling required for angiogenesis. ROS affect signaling by protein modifications, especially of cysteine amino acid thiols. Although there are several cysteine modifications, S-glutathionylation (GSH adducts; -SSG), a reversible cysteine modification by glutathione (GSH), plays an important role in angiogenic signal transduction by ROS. Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is an enzyme that specifically removes GSH adducts in vivo. Overexpression of Glrx inhibits, whereas deletion of Glrx improves revascularization after mouse hindlimb ischemia. These studies indicate that increased levels of GSH adducts in ischemic muscle are beneficial in promoting angiogenesis. The underlying mechanism can be explained by multiple targets of S-gluathionylation, which mediate the angiogenic effects in ischemia. Increments in the master angiogenic transcriptional factor, HIF-1α, reduction of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt1, activation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)pump, SERCA, and inhibition of phosphatases may occur as a consequence of enhanced S-glutathionylation in ischemic tissue. In summary, inducing S-glutathionylation by inhibiting Glrx may be a therapeutic strategy to improve ischemic angiogenesis in CVD. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1278-1284).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Watanabe
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine
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29
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Papazian D, Hansen S, Würtzen PA. Airway responses towards allergens - from the airway epithelium to T cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1268-87. [PMID: 25394747 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis is increasing, affecting up to 30% of the human population worldwide. Allergic sensitization arises from complex interactions between environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) cell-derived immune responses towards environmental allergens. Emerging evidence now suggests that an epithelial dysfunction, coupled with inherent properties of environmental allergens, can be responsible for the inflammatory responses towards allergens. Several epithelial-derived cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 and IL-33, influence tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) as well as Th2 effector cells. Exposure to environmental allergens does not elicit Th2 inflammatory responses or any clinical symptoms in nonatopic individuals, and recent findings suggest that a nondamaged, healthy epithelium lowers the DCs' ability to induce inflammatory T-cell responses towards allergens. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on which signals from the airway epithelium, from first contact with inhaled allergens all the way to the ensuing Th2-cell responses, influence the pathology of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papazian
- Department of Cancer & Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - S Hansen
- Department of Cancer & Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jones JT, Qian X, van der Velden JLJ, Chia SB, McMillan DH, Flemer S, Hoffman SM, Lahue KG, Schneider RW, Nolin JD, Anathy V, van der Vliet A, Townsend DM, Tew KD, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Glutathione S-transferase pi modulates NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2016; 8:375-82. [PMID: 27058114 PMCID: PMC4827796 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor family critical in the activation of pro- inflammatory responses. The NF-κB pathway is regulated by oxidant-induced post-translational modifications. Protein S-glutathionylation, or the conjugation of the antioxidant molecule, glutathione to reactive cysteines inhibits the activity of inhibitory kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ), among other NF-κB proteins. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP) is an enzyme that has been shown to catalyze protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) under conditions of oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to determine whether GSTP regulates NF-κB signaling, S-glutathionylation of IKK, and subsequent pro-inflammatory signaling. We demonstrated that, in unstimulated cells, GSTP associated with the inhibitor of NF-κB, IκBα. However, exposure to LPS resulted in a rapid loss of association between IκBα and GSTP, and instead led to a protracted association between IKKβ and GSTP. LPS exposure also led to increases in the S-glutathionylation of IKKβ. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of GSTP decreased IKKβ-SSG, and enhanced NF-κB nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TLK117, an isotype-selective inhibitor of GSTP, also enhanced LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting that the catalytic activity of GSTP is important in repressing NF-κB activation. Expression of both wild-type and catalytically-inactive Y7F mutant GSTP significantly attenuated LPS- or IKKβ-induced production of GM-CSF. These studies indicate a complex role for GSTP in modulating NF-κB, which may involve S-glutathionylation of IKK proteins, and interaction with NF-κB family members. Our findings suggest that targeting GSTP is a potential avenue for regulating the activity of this prominent pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Xi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jos L J van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Shi Biao Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - David H McMillan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Stevenson Flemer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sidra M Hoffman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Robert W Schneider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - James D Nolin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Ather JL, Foley KL, Suratt BT, Boyson JE, Poynter ME. Airway epithelial NF-κB activation promotes the ability to overcome inhalational antigen tolerance. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1245-58. [PMID: 25616105 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalational antigen tolerance typically protects against the development of allergic airway disease but may be overcome to induce allergic sensitization preceding the development of asthma. OBJECTIVES We examined in vivo whether pre-existing inhalational antigen tolerance could be overcome by activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in conducting airway epithelial cells, and used a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to examine the mechanisms involved. METHODS Wild-type and transgenic mice capable of expressing constitutively active IκB kinase β (CAIKKβ) in airway epithelium were tolerized to inhaled ovalbumin. Twenty-eight days later, the transgene was transiently expressed and mice were exposed to inhaled OVA on Day 30 in an attempt to overcome inhalational tolerance. RESULTS Following ovalbumin challenge on days 40-42, CAIKKβ mice in which the transgene had been activated exhibited characteristic features of allergic airway disease, including airway eosinophilia and methacholine hyper-responsiveness. Increases in the CD103(+) and CD11b(HI) lung dendritic cell populations were present in CAIKKβ mice on Day 31. Bronchoalveolar lavage from mice expressing CAIKKβ mice induced CD4(+) T cells to secrete T(H)2 and T(H)17 cytokines, an effect that required IL-4 and IL-1 signalling, respectively. CAIKKβ mice on Dox demonstrated increased numbers of innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2) in the lung, which also exhibited elevated mRNA expression of the T(H)2-polarizing cytokine IL-4. Finally, airway epithelial NF-kB activation induced allergic sensitization in CAIKKβ mice on Dox that required IL-4 and IL-1 signalling in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that soluble mediators generated in response to airway epithelial NF-κB activation orchestrate the breaking of inhalational tolerance and allergic antigen sensitization through the effects of soluble mediators, including IL-1 and IL-4, on pulmonary dendritic cells as well as innate lymphoid and CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - K L Foley
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - B T Suratt
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - J E Boyson
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M E Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Hydrogen sulfide diminishes the levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in activated mast cells. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:103-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hoffman SM, Chapman DG, Lahue KG, Cahoon JM, Rattu GK, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Fortner KA, Erzurum SC, Comhair SAA, Woodruff PG, Bhakta N, Dixon AE, Irvin CG, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Poynter ME, Anathy V. Protein disulfide isomerase-endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 57 regulates allergen-induced airways inflammation, fibrosis, and hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:822-32.e7. [PMID: 26435004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for association between asthma and the unfolded protein response is emerging. Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 57 (ERp57) is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized redox chaperone involved in folding and secretion of glycoproteins. We have previously demonstrated that ERp57 is upregulated in allergen-challenged human and murine lung epithelial cells. However, the role of ERp57 in asthma pathophysiology is unknown. OBJECTIVES Here we sought to examine the contribution of airway epithelium-specific ERp57 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. METHODS We examined the expression of ERp57 in human asthmatic airway epithelium and used murine models of allergic asthma to evaluate the relevance of epithelium-specific ERp57. RESULTS Lung biopsy specimens from asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients revealed a predominant increase in ERp57 levels in epithelium of asthmatic patients. Deletion of ERp57 resulted in a significant decrease in inflammatory cell counts and airways resistance in a murine model of allergic asthma. Furthermore, we observed that disulfide bridges in eotaxin, epidermal growth factor, and periostin were also decreased in the lungs of house dust mite-challenged ERp57-deleted mice. Fibrotic markers, such as collagen and α smooth muscle actin, were also significantly decreased in the lungs of ERp57-deleted mice. Furthermore, adaptive immune responses were dispensable for house dust mite-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and airways fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Here we show that ERp57 levels are increased in the airway epithelium of asthmatic patients and in mice with allergic airways disease. The ERp57 level increase is associated with redox modification of proinflammatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic mediators and contributes to airways hyperresponsiveness. The strategies to inhibit ERp57 specifically within the airways epithelium might provide an opportunity to alleviate the allergic asthma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra M Hoffman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - David G Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Karen A Fortner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suzy A A Comhair
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nirav Bhakta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Charles G Irvin
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT.
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Chapman DG, Tully JE, Nolin JD, Janssen-Heininger YM, Irvin CG. Animal models of allergic airways disease: where are we and where to next? J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2055-64. [PMID: 25043224 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In a complex inflammatory airways disease such as asthma, abnormalities in a plethora of molecular and cellular pathways ultimately culminate in characteristic impairments in respiratory function. The ability to study disease pathophysiology in the setting of a functioning immune and respiratory system therefore makes mouse models an invaluable tool in translational research. Despite the vast understanding of inflammatory airways diseases gained from mouse models to date, concern over the validity of mouse models continues to grow. Therefore the aim of this review is twofold; firstly, to evaluate mouse models of asthma in light of current clinical definitions, and secondly, to provide a framework by which mouse models can be continually refined so that they continue to stand at the forefront of translational science. Indeed, it is in viewing mouse models as a continual work in progress that we will be able to target our research to those patient populations in whom current therapies are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Allergens and the airway epithelium response: gateway to allergic sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 134:499-507. [PMID: 25171864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic sensitization to inhaled antigens is common but poorly understood. Although lung epithelial cells were initially merely regarded as a passive barrier impeding allergen penetrance, we now realize that they recognize allergens through expression of pattern recognition receptors and mount an innate immune response driven by activation of nuclear factor κB. On allergen recognition, epithelial cells release cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and GM-CSF, and endogenous danger signals, such as high-mobility group box 1, uric acid, and ATP, that activate the dendritic cell network and other innate immune cells, such as basophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Different allergens stimulate different aspects of this general scheme, and common environmental risk factors for sensitization, such as cigarette smoke and diesel particle exposure, do so as well. All of this is influenced by genetic polymorphisms affecting epithelial pattern recognition, barrier function, and cytokine production. Therefore, epithelial cells are crucial in determining the outcome of allergen inhalation.
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Hammad H. Epithelial Cell Regulation of Immune Responses in the Lung. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wark PAB, Murphy V, Mattes J. The interaction between mother and fetus and the development of allergic asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 8:57-66. [PMID: 24409981 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2014.848795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of asthma and atopic disease in industrialized countries in the last 50 years has raised important questions about how and why the disease develops in susceptible populations. Most asthma begins in childhood in association with allergic sensitization and the development of a TH2 phenotype. It is recognized that asthma arises in the context of a complex interaction between genetic factors and the evolving immune system of the infant and the environment to which it is exposed, which now includes its in utero exposure. Early life exposures that lead to allergen sensitization and airway damage, especially in the form of viral respiratory tract infections, may lead to disease induction that commence the process that leads in some to asthma. Asthma models and early life observations suggest that repeated exposure to allergens and viral infection perpetuate a state of chronic airway inflammation leading to a maladaptive innate immune response that fails to resolve, characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. This article will concentrate on the development of asthma in the context of early life and maternal influences, including the effect of asthma on both the fetus and the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A B Wark
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Ather JL, Martin RA, Ckless K, Poynter ME. Inflammasome Activity in Non-Microbial Lung Inflammation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 1:108-117. [PMID: 25642415 PMCID: PMC4308734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines in inflammatory disease has rapidly developed, due in part to the discovery and characterization of inflammasomes, which are multi-subunit intracellular protein scaffolds principally enabling recognition of a myriad of cellular stimuli, leading to the activation of caspase-1 and the processing of IL-1β and IL-18. Studies continue to elucidate the role of inflammasomes in immune responses induced by both microbes and environmental factors. This review focuses on the current understanding of inflammasome activity in the lung, with particular focus on the non-microbial instigators of inflammasome activation, including inhaled antigens, oxidants, cigarette smoke, diesel exhaust particles, mineral fibers, and engineered nanomaterials, as well as exposure to trauma and pre-existing inflammatory conditions such as metabolic syndrome. Inflammasome activity in these sterile inflammatory states contribute to diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive disease, acute lung injury, ventilator-induced lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Martin
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
| | - Karina Ckless
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, USA
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
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The effect of serine protease inhibitors on airway inflammation in a chronic allergen-induced asthma mouse model. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:879326. [PMID: 25180025 PMCID: PMC4142284 DOI: 10.1155/2014/879326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors reportedly attenuated airway inflammation and had antioxidant in multiorgan. However, the effects of the serine protease inhibitors nafamostat mesilate (FUT), gabexate mesilate (FOY), and ulinastatin (UTI) on a long-term challenged mouse model of chronic asthma are unclear. BALB/c mice (6 mice/group) were intratracheally inoculated with five doses of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p; 50 μL, 1 mg/mL) at one-week intervals. Therapeutic doses of FUT (0.0625 mg/kg), FOY (20 mg/kg), or UTI (10,000 U/kg) were, respectively, injected intraperitoneally into these mice. Control mice received sterile PBS. At 3 days after the last challenge, mice were sacrificed to assess airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), remodeling, and inflammation; lung histological features; and cytokine expression profiles. Compared with untreated controls, mice treated with FUT, FOY, and UTI had decreased AHR and goblet cell hyperplasia, decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, decreased Der p-induced IL-4 levels in serum and IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity in lung tissues. The serine protease inhibitors FUT, FOY, and UTI have potential therapeutic benefits for treating asthma by downregulating Th2 cytokines and Th17 cell function and inhibiting NF-κB activation in lung tissue.
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Chapman TJ, Georas SN. Regulatory tone and mucosal immunity in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:330-6. [PMID: 24975833 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to a variety of inhaled foreign antigens, many of which are harmless to the body. Therefore, the mucosal immune system must not only have the capacity to distinguish self from non-self, but also harmless versus dangerous non-self. To address this, mucosal immune cells establish an anti-inflammatory steady state in the lung that must be overcome by inflammatory signals in order to mount an effector immune response. In the case of inhaled allergens, the false detection of dangerous non-self results in inappropriate immune activation and eventual allergic asthma. Both basic and clinical studies suggest that the balance between tolerogenic and inflammatory immune responses is a key feature in the outcome of health or disease. This review is focused on what we term 'regulatory tone': the immunosuppressive environment in the lung that must be overcome to induce inflammatory responses. We will summarize the current literature on this topic, with a particular focus on the role of regulatory T cells in preventing allergic disease of the lung. We propose that inter-individual differences in regulatory tone have the potential to not only establish the threshold for immune activation in the lung, but also shape the quality of resulting effector responses following tolerance breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14610, United States
| | - Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14610, United States.
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Bonnegarde-Bernard A, Jee J, Fial MJ, Aeffner F, Cormet-Boyaka E, Davis IC, Lin M, Tomé D, Karin M, Sun Y, Boyaka PN. IKKβ in intestinal epithelial cells regulates allergen-specific IgA and allergic inflammation at distant mucosal sites. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:257-67. [PMID: 23839064 PMCID: PMC4053573 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of allergic responses by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remains poorly understood. Using a model of oral allergen sensitization in the presence of cholera toxin as adjuvant and mice with cell-specific deletion of inhibitor-κB kinase (IKKβ) in IECs (IKKβ(ΔIEC)), we addressed the contribution of IECs to allergic sensitization to ingested antigens and allergic manifestations at distant mucosal site of the airways. Cholera toxin induced higher pro-inflammatory responses and altered the profile of the gut microbiota in IKKβ(ΔIEC) mice. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses were unaltered in IKKβ(ΔIEC) mice, but their IgA antibodies (Abs), T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses were enhanced. Upon nasal antigen challenge, these mice developed lower levels of allergic lung inflammation, which correlated with higher levels of IgA Abs in the airways. The IKKβ(ΔIEC) mice also recruited a higher number of gut-sensitized T cells in the airways after nasal antigen challenge and developed airway hyper-responsiveness, which were suppressed by treatment with anti-interleukin-17A. Fecal microbiota transplant during allergic sensitization reduced Th17 responses in IKKβ(ΔIEC) mice, but did not affect IgA Ab responses. In summary, we show that IKKβ in IECs shapes the gut microbiota and immune responses to ingested antigens and influences allergic responses in the airways via regulation of IgA Ab responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Bonnegarde-Bernard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Laboratory of Human Nutrition, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Junbae Jee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J. Fial
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Famke Aeffner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Ian C. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mingqun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Tomé
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Research Testing Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Prosper N. Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Randall MJ, Kostin SF, Burgess EJ, Hoyt LR, Ather JL, Lundblad LK, Poynter ME. Anti-inflammatory effects of levalbuterol-induced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in airway epithelial cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:236. [PMID: 25628603 PMCID: PMC4290686 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial NF-κB activation is observed in asthmatic subjects and is a cause of airway inflammation in mouse models of allergic asthma. Combination therapy with inhaled short-acting β2-agonists and corticosteroids significantly improves lung function and reduces inflammation in asthmatic subjects. Corticosteroids operate through a number of mechanisms to potently inhibit NF-κB activity. Since β2-agonists can induce expression of 11β-HSD1, which converts inactive 11-keto corticosteroids into active 11-hydroxy corticosteroids, thereby potentiating the effects of endogenous glucocorticoids, we examined whether this mechanism is involved in the inhibition of NF-κB activation induced by the β-agonist albuterol in airway epithelial cells. Treatment of transformed murine Club cells (MTCC) with (R)-albuterol (levalbuterol), but not with (S)- or a mixture of (R + S)- (racemic) albuterol, augmented mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1. MTCC were stably transfected with luciferase (luc) reporter constructs under transcriptional regulation by NF-κB (NF-κB/luc) or glucocorticoid response element (GRE/luc) consensus motifs. Stimulation of NF-κB/luc MTCC with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) induced luc activity, which was inhibited by pretreatment with (R)-, but not (S)- or racemic albuterol. Furthermore, pretreatment of GRE/luc MTCC with (R)-, but not with (S)- or racemic albuterol, augmented 11-keto corticosteroid (cortisone) induced luc activity, which was diminished by the 11β-HSD inhibitor glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), indicating that there was a conversion of inactive 11-keto to active 11-hydroxy corticosteroids. LPS- and TNFα-induced NF-κB/luc activity was diminished in MTCC cells treated with a combination of cortisone and (R)-albuterol, an effect that was inhibited by 18β-GA. Finally, pretreatment of MTCC cells with the combination of cortisone and (R)-albuterol diminished LPS- and TNFα-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production to an extent similar to that of dexamethasone. These results demonstrate that levalbuterol augments expression of 11β-HSD1 in airway epithelial cells, reducing LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production through the conversion of inactive 11-keto corticosteroids into the active 11-hydroxy form in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Randall
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Shannon F. Kostin
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Edward J. Burgess
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Laura R. Hoyt
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Ather
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lennart K. Lundblad
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- *Correspondence: Matthew E. Poynter, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Building E410A, Burlington, VT 05405, USA e-mail:
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Tully JE, Hoffman SM, Lahue KG, Nolin JD, Anathy V, Lundblad LKA, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Black KE, Dixon AE, Poynter ME, Irvin CG, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Epithelial NF-κB orchestrates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and fibrotic remodeling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5811-21. [PMID: 24227776 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB activation within the epithelium has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, yet the exact role of epithelial NF-κB in allergen-induced inflammation and airway remodeling remains unclear. In the current study, we used an intranasal house dust mite (HDM) extract exposure regimen time course in BALB/c mice to evaluate inflammation, NF-κB activation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway remodeling. We used CC10-IκBαSR transgenic mice to evaluate the functional importance of epithelial NF-κB in response to HDM. After a single exposure of HDM, mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators was significantly elevated in lung tissue of wild-type (WT) mice, in association with increases in nuclear RelA and RelB, components of the classical and alternative NF-κB pathway, respectively, in the bronchiolar epithelium. In contrast, CC10-IκBαSR mice displayed marked decreases in nuclear RelA and RelB and mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators compared with WT mice. After 15 challenges with HDM, WT mice exhibited increases in inflammation, AHR, mucus metaplasia, and peribronchiolar fibrosis. CC10-IκBαSR transgenic mice displayed marked decreases in neutrophilic infiltration, tissue damping, and elastance parameters, in association will less peribronchiolar fibrosis and decreases in nuclear RelB in lung tissue. However, central airway resistance and mucus metaplasia remained elevated in CC10-IκBαSR transgenic mice, in association with the continued presence of lymphocytes, and partial decreases in eosinophils and IL-13. The current study demonstrates that following airway exposure with an asthma-relevant allergen, activation of classical and alternative NF-κB pathways occurs within the airway epithelium and may coordinately contribute to allergic inflammation, AHR, and fibrotic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Tully
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405
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Salazar F, Ghaemmaghami AM. Allergen recognition by innate immune cells: critical role of dendritic and epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2013; 4:356. [PMID: 24204367 PMCID: PMC3816228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an exacerbated response of the immune system against non-self-proteins called allergens and is typically characterized by biased type-2 T helper cell and deleterious IgE mediated immune responses. The allergic cascade starts with the recognition of allergens by antigen presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells (DCs), leading to Th2 polarization, switching to IgE production by B cells, culminating in mast cell sensitization and triggering. DCs have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in orchestrating allergic diseases. Using different C-type lectin receptors DCs are able to recognize and internalize a number of allergens from diverse sources leading to sensitization. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence highlighting the role of epithelial cells in triggering and modulating immune responses to allergens. As well as providing a physical barrier, epithelial cells can interact with allergens and influence DCs behavior through the release of a number of Th2 promoting cytokines. In this review we will summarize current understanding of how allergens are recognized by DCs and epithelial cells and what are the consequences of such interaction in the context of allergic sensitization and downstream events leading to allergic inflammation. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of allergen recognition and associated signaling pathways could enable developing more effective therapeutic strategies that target the initial steps of allergic sensitization hence hindering development or progression of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Salazar
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham , UK
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Martin RA, Ather JL, Daggett R, Hoyt L, Alcorn JF, Suratt BT, Weiss DJ, Lundblad LKA, Poynter ME. The endogenous Th17 response in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease is dispensable for airway hyperresponsiveness and distinct from Th17 adoptive transfer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74730. [PMID: 24069338 PMCID: PMC3778003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe, glucocorticoid-resistant asthma comprises 5-7% of patients with asthma. IL-17 is a biomarker of severe asthma, and the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells in mice is sufficient to induce glucocorticoid-resistant allergic airway disease. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an environmental toxin that correlates with asthma severity, exacerbation, and risk of adverse outcomes. Mice that are allergically sensitized to the antigen ovalbumin by exposure to NO2 exhibit a mixed Th2/Th17 adaptive immune response and eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment to the airway following antigen challenge, a phenotype reminiscent of severe clinical asthma. Because IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is critical in the generation of the Th17 response in vivo, we hypothesized that the IL-1R/Th17 axis contributes to pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease and manifests in glucocorticoid-resistant cytokine production. IL-17A neutralization at the time of antigen challenge or genetic deficiency in IL-1R resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment to the airway following antigen challenge but did not protect against the development of AHR. Instead, IL-1R-/- mice developed exacerbated AHR compared to WT mice. Lung cells from NO2-allergically inflamed mice that were treated in vitro with dexamethasone (Dex) during antigen restimulation exhibited reduced Th17 cytokine production, whereas Th17 cytokine production by lung cells from recipient mice of in vitro Th17-polarized OTII T-cells was resistant to Dex. These results demonstrate that the IL-1R/Th17 axis does not contribute to AHR development in NO2-promoted allergic airway disease, that Th17 adoptive transfer does not necessarily reflect an endogenously-generated Th17 response, and that functions of Th17 responses are contingent on the experimental conditions in which they are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Martin
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Daggett
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Laura Hoyt
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Suratt
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Lennart K. A. Lundblad
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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Chapman TJ, Emo JA, Knowlden SA, Rezaee F, Georas SN. Pre-existing tolerance shapes the outcome of mucosal allergen sensitization in a murine model of asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4423-30. [PMID: 24038084 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent published studies have highlighted the complexity of the immune response to allergens, and the various asthma phenotypes that arise as a result. Although the interplay of regulatory and effector immune cells responding to allergen would seem to dictate the nature of the asthmatic response, little is known regarding how tolerance versus reactivity to allergen occurs in the lung. The vast majority of mouse models study allergen encounter in naive animals, and therefore exclude the possibility that previous encounters with allergen may influence future sensitization. To address this, we studied sensitization to the model allergen OVA in mice in the context of pre-existing tolerance to OVA. Allergen sensitization by either systemic administration of OVA with aluminum hydroxide or mucosal administration of OVA with low-dose LPS was suppressed in tolerized animals. However, higher doses of LPS induced a mixed Th2 and Th17 response to OVA in both naive and tolerized mice. Of interest, tolerized mice had more pronounced Th17-type inflammation than did naive mice receiving the same sensitization, suggesting pre-existing tolerance altered the inflammatory phenotype. These data show that a pre-existing tolerogenic immune response to allergen can affect subsequent sensitization in the lung. These findings have potential significance for understanding late-onset disease in individuals with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14610
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Jiang D, Nelson ML, Gally F, Smith S, Wu Q, Minor M, Case S, Thaikoottathil J, Chu HW. Airway epithelial NF-κB activation promotes Mycoplasma pneumoniae clearance in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52969. [PMID: 23285237 PMCID: PMC3532414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Respiratory infections including atypical bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) contribute to the pathobiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mp infection mainly targets airway epithelium and activates various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). We have shown that short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) serves as a novel host defense protein and is up-regulated upon Mp infection through NF-κB activation in cultured human and mouse primary airway epithelial cells. However, the in vivo role of airway epithelial NF-κB activation in host defense against Mp infection has not been investigated. In the current study, we investigated the effects of in vivo airway epithelial NF-κB activation on lung Mp clearance and its association with airway epithelial SPLUNC1 expression. METHODOLOGY/MAIN RESULTS Non-antimicrobial tetracycline analog 9-t-butyl doxycycline (9-TB) was initially optimized in mouse primary tracheal epithelial cell culture, and then utilized to induce in vivo airway epithelial specific NF-κB activation in conditional NF-κB transgenic mice (CC10-(CA)IKKβ) with or without Mp infection. Lung Mp load and inflammation were evaluated, and airway epithelial SPLUNC1 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry. We found that 9-TB treatment in NF-κB transgene positive (Tg+), but not transgene negative (Tg-) mice significantly reduced lung Mp load. Moreover, 9-TB increased airway epithelial SPLUNC1 protein expression in NF-κB Tg+ mice. CONCLUSION By using the non-antimicrobial 9-TB, our study demonstrates that in vivo airway epithelial NF-κB activation promotes lung bacterial clearance, which is accompanied by increased epithelial SPLUNC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Nelson
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Fabienne Gally
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sean Smith
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maisha Minor
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Case
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Thaikoottathil
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Business and Science Development, Echelon Biosciences Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Herbert C, Siegle JS, Shadie AM, Nikolaysen S, Garthwaite L, Hansbro NG, Foster PS, Kumar RK. Development of asthmatic inflammation in mice following early-life exposure to ambient environmental particulates and chronic allergen challenge. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:479-88. [PMID: 23223614 PMCID: PMC3597029 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood exposure to environmental particulates increases the risk of development of asthma. The underlying mechanisms might include oxidant injury to airway epithelial cells (AEC). We investigated the ability of ambient environmental particulates to contribute to sensitization via the airways, and thus to the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. To do so, we devised a novel model in which weanling BALB/c mice were exposed to both ambient particulate pollutants and ovalbumin for sensitization via the respiratory tract, followed by chronic inhalational challenge with a low mass concentration of the antigen. We also examined whether these particulates caused oxidant injury and activation of AEC in vitro. Furthermore, we assessed the potential benefit of minimizing oxidative stress to AEC through the period of sensitization and challenge by dietary intervention. We found that characteristic features of asthmatic inflammation developed only in animals that received particulates at the same time as respiratory sensitization, and were then chronically challenged with allergen. However, these animals did not develop airway hyper-responsiveness. Ambient particulates induced epithelial injury in vitro, with evidence of oxidative stress and production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2-promoting cytokines such as IL-33. Treatment of AEC with an antioxidant in vitro inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to these particulates. Ambient particulates also induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression following administration to weanling mice. However, early-life dietary supplementation with antioxidants did not prevent the development of an asthmatic inflammatory response in animals that were exposed to particulates, sensitized and challenged. We conclude that injury to airway epithelium by ambient environmental particulates in early life is capable of promoting the development of an asthmatic inflammatory response in sensitized and antigen-challenged mice. These findings are likely to be relevant to the induction of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristan Herbert
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Warmbold C, Uliczka K, Rus F, Suck R, Petersen A, Silverman N, Ulmer AJ, Heine H, Roeder T. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Major Allergen 1 Activates the Innate Immune Response of the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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