1
|
Canaday FT, Georas SN, Croft DP. Examining the impact of air pollution, climate change, and social determinants of health on asthma and environmental justice. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:276-280. [PMID: 38411188 PMCID: PMC10959677 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the current literature examining the impact air pollution and climate change has on asthma onset, control, and exacerbation. This review also addresses the risk of exposure to specific disproportionately affected communities, highlighting health disparities in exposure and asthma outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shifted from highlighting the associations between asthma exacerbations and indoor and outdoor air pollution. Studies are now focused on confirming the association of asthma incidence from these same exposures. Many studies have linked particulate matter to adverse asthma outcomes, however, the pollutant exposures that pose the greatest risk and the effect of natural disasters fueled by climate change are under current study. Some studies have observed that the true burden that pollutant exposures have on asthma outcomes occurs at the intersection of exposure and vulnerability. Future studies in this area will address social determinants of health, societal factors such as redlining and other systemic racism practices. SUMMARY Although decades of research support the causal link between gaseous and particulate air pollution and the exacerbation of preexisting asthma, recent studies suggest air pollution can cause incident (new onset) asthma. Studies have started to focus on the underlying drivers of poor outcomes in asthma. Many of the structural impediments to high quality asthma care at the society level (e.g. poverty, redlining, systemic racism) also are risk factors for worsened climate events and air pollution exposure. The individuals in these disproportionately affected groups are doubly affected by worsened exposure and worsened access to care for the resultant asthma exacerbations or incident asthma. More research is needed to understand the specific climate and air pollution mitigation efforts where disproportionately affected communities would derive the most benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia T Canaday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Georas SN, Khurana S. Update on asthma biology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00127-1. [PMID: 38341182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This is an exciting time to be conducting asthma research. The recent development of targeted asthma biologics has validated the power of basic research to discover new molecules amenable to therapeutic intervention. Advances in high-throughput sequencing are providing a wealth of "omics" data about genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of asthma, as well as about new cellular interacting networks and potential endotypes in asthma. Airway epithelial cells have emerged not only as key sensors of the outside environment but also as central drivers of dysregulated mucosal immune responses in asthma. Emerging data suggest that the airway epithelium in asthma remembers prior encounters with environmental exposures, resulting in potentially long-lasting changes in structure and metabolism that render asthmatic individuals susceptible to subsequent exposures. Here we summarize recent insights into asthma biology, focusing on studies using human cells or tissue that were published in the past 2 years. The studies are organized thematically into 6 content areas to draw connections and spur future research (on genetics and epigenetics, prenatal and early-life origins, microbiome, immune and inflammatory pathways, asthma endotypes and biomarkers, and lung structural alterations). We highlight recent studies of airway epithelial dysfunction and response to viral infections and conclude with a framework for considering how bidirectional interactions between alterations in airway structure and mucosal immunity can lead to sustained lung dysfunction in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baugh A, Adegunsoye A, Connolly M, Croft D, Pew K, McCormack MC, Georas SN. Response. Chest 2024; 165:e62-e63. [PMID: 38336452 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Baugh
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | | | | | - Daniel Croft
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Connolly MJ, Donohue PA, Palli R, Khurana S, Cai X, Georas SN. Diagnostic Impact of a Race-Composite Pulmonary Function Test Results Interpretation Strategy. Chest 2023; 164:1290-1295. [PMID: 37421975 PMCID: PMC10635835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Connolly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
| | - Patrick A Donohue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Rohith Palli
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Xueya Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baugh A, Adegunsoye A, Connolly M, Croft D, Pew K, McCormack MC, Georas SN. Towards a Race-Neutral System of Pulmonary Function Test Results Interpretation. Chest 2023; 164:727-733. [PMID: 37414097 PMCID: PMC10504596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been observed widely that, on average, Black individuals in the United States have lower FVC than White individuals, which is thought to reflect a combination of genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that are difficult to disentangle. Debate therefore persists even after the American Thoracic Society's 2023 guidelines recommending race-neutral pulmonary function test (PFT) result interpretation strategies. Advocates of race-based PFT results interpretation argue that it allows for more precise measurement and will minimize disease misclassification. In contrast, recent studies have shown that low lung function in Black patients has clinical consequences. Furthermore, the use of race-based algorithms in medicine in general is increasingly being questioned for its risk of perpetuating structural health care disparities. Given these concerns, we believe it is time to adopt a race-neutral approach, but note that more research is urgently needed to understand how race-neutral approaches impact PFT results interpretation, clinical decision-making, and patient outcomes. In this brief case-based discussion, we offer a few examples of how a race-neutral PFT results interpretation strategy will impact individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups at different scenarios and stages of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Baugh
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | | | | | - Daniel Croft
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beck LA, Pesonen M, Thakar J, Georas SN, Järvinen KM. IgE Sensitization Drives the Atopic March. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:632-633. [PMID: 36480963 PMCID: PMC10870919 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202210-2022le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Beck
- University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, New York
| | - Maria Pesonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthHelsinki, Finland
| | - Juilee Thakar
- University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, New York
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Veazey JM, Wong GS, Eliseeva SI, Smyth TR, Chapman TJ, Lim K, Kim M, Georas SN. Protein kinase D3 promotes neutrophil migration during viral infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:130-141. [PMID: 36318273 PMCID: PMC10112008 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family with three isoforms (PKD1-3) that are expressed in most cells and implicated in a wide array of signaling pathways, including cell growth, differentiation, transcription, secretion, polarization and actin turnover. Despite growing interest in PKD, relatively little is known about the role of PKD in immune responses. We recently published that inhibiting PKD limits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and leukocyte accumulation in mouse models of viral infection, and that PKD3 is highly expressed in the murine lung and immune cell populations. Here we focus on the immune-related phenotypes of PKD3 knockout mice. We report that PKD3 is necessary for maximal neutrophil accumulation in the lung following challenge with inhaled polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a double-stranded RNA, as well as following influenza A virus infection. Using reciprocal bone marrow chimeras, we found that PKD3 is required in the hematopoietic compartment for optimal neutrophil migration to the lung. Ex vivo transwell and chemokinesis assays confirmed that PKD3-/- neutrophils possess an intrinsic motility defect, partly because of reduced surface expression of CD18, which is critical for leukocyte migration. Finally, the peak of neutrophilia was significantly reduced in PKD3-/- mice after lethal influenza A virus infection. Together, these results demonstrate that PKD3 has an essential, and nonredundant, role in promoting neutrophil recruitment to the lung. A better understanding of the isoform-specific and cell type-specific activities of PKD has the potential to lead to novel therapeutics for respiratory illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gordon S Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophia I Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Smyth
- Department of Toxicology, University of North Caroline, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Donohue P, Love NC, Connolly M, Khurana S, Georas SN. The effects of a deep breathing maneuver on standard airwave oscillometry measurements. Respir Med Res 2022; 83:100985. [PMID: 36563552 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Donohue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Nicholas C Love
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Margaret Connolly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Mary Parkes Center for Asthma, Allergy & Pulmonary Care, 400 Red Creek Drive, Suite 110, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Mary Parkes Center for Asthma, Allergy & Pulmonary Care, 400 Red Creek Drive, Suite 110, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Georas SN, Wright RJ, Ivanova A, Israel E, LaVange LM, Akuthota P, Carr TF, Denlinger LC, Fajt ML, Kumar R, O'Neal WK, Phipatanakul W, Szefler SJ, Aronica MA, Bacharier LB, Burbank AJ, Castro M, Crotty Alexander L, Bamdad J, Cardet JC, Comhair SAA, Covar RA, DiMango EA, Erwin K, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Gaffin JM, Gaston B, Gerald LB, Hoffman EA, Holguin F, Jackson DJ, James J, Jarjour NN, Kenyon NJ, Khatri S, Kirwan JP, Kraft M, Krishnan JA, Liu AH, Liu MC, Marquis MA, Martinez F, Mey J, Moore WC, Moy JN, Ortega VE, Peden DB, Pennington E, Peters MC, Ross K, Sanchez M, Smith LJ, Sorkness RL, Wechsler ME, Wenzel SE, White SR, Zein J, Zeki AA, Noel P. The Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-Prone (PrecISE) Asthma Network: An overview of Network organization, procedures, and interventions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:488-516.e9. [PMID: 34848210 PMCID: PMC8821377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple underlying inflammatory pathways and structural airway abnormalities that impact disease persistence and severity. Recent progress has been made in developing targeted asthma therapeutics, especially for subjects with eosinophilic asthma. However, there is an unmet need for new approaches to treat patients with severe and exacerbation-prone asthma, who contribute disproportionately to disease burden. Extensive deep phenotyping has revealed the heterogeneous nature of severe asthma and identified distinct disease subtypes. A current challenge in the field is to translate new and emerging knowledge about different pathobiologic mechanisms in asthma into patient-specific therapies, with the ultimate goal of modifying the natural history of disease. Here, we describe the Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-Prone Asthma (PrecISE) Network, a groundbreaking collaborative effort of asthma researchers and biostatisticians from around the United States. The PrecISE Network was designed to conduct phase II/proof-of-concept clinical trials of precision interventions in the population with severe asthma, and is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Using an innovative adaptive platform trial design, the PrecISE Network will evaluate up to 6 interventions simultaneously in biomarker-defined subgroups of subjects. We review the development and organizational structure of the PrecISE Network, and choice of interventions being studied. We hope that the PrecISE Network will enhance our understanding of asthma subtypes and accelerate the development of therapeutics for severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | | | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine & Allergy & Immunology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Lisa M LaVange
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Tara F Carr
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Stanley J Szefler
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Allison J Burbank
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mario Castro
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Laura Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Julie Bamdad
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | | | | | | | - Kim Erwin
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Design, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - John V Fahy
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Benjamin Gaston
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Lynn B Gerald
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - John James
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Sumita Khatri
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Andrew H Liu
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mark C Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - M Alison Marquis
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jacob Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La
| | - Wendy C Moore
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - James N Moy
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Michael C Peters
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kristie Ross
- The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maria Sanchez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Ronald L Sorkness
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Steven R White
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joe Zein
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Patricia Noel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rimmer C, Hetelekides S, Eliseeva SI, Georas SN, Veazey JM. Budesonide promotes airway epithelial barrier integrity following double-stranded RNA challenge. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260706. [PMID: 34871316 PMCID: PMC8648122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a key feature of asthma and other lung diseases. Respiratory viruses are responsible for a large fraction of asthma exacerbations, and are particularly potent at disrupting epithelial barrier function through pattern recognition receptor engagement leading to tight junction dysfunction. Although different mechanisms of barrier dysfunction have been described, relatively little is known about whether barrier integrity can be promoted to limit disease. Here, we tested three classes of drugs commonly prescribed to treat asthma for their ability to promote barrier function using a cell culture model of virus-induced airway epithelial barrier disruption. Specifically, we studied the corticosteroid budesonide, the long acting beta-agonist formoterol, and the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast for their ability to promote barrier integrity of a monolayer of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) before exposure to the viral mimetic double-stranded RNA. Of the three, only budesonide treatment limited transepithelial electrical resistance and small molecule permeability (4 kDa FITC-dextran flux). Next, we used a mouse model of acute dsRNA challenge that induces transient epithelial barrier disruption in vivo, and studied the effects budesonide when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. We found that budesonide similarly protected against dsRNA-induced airway barrier disruption in the lung, independently of its effects on airway inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that an under-appreciated effect of inhaled budesonide is to maintain or promote airway epithelial barrier integrity during respiratory viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rimmer
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CR); (SNG); (JMV)
| | - Savas Hetelekides
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sophia I. Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve N. Georas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CR); (SNG); (JMV)
| | - Janelle M. Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CR); (SNG); (JMV)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Georas SN, Donohue P, Connolly M, Wechsler ME. JAK inhibitors for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:953-963. [PMID: 34625142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by intermittent episodes of wheezing, chest tightness, and cough. Many of the inflammatory pathways implicated in asthma involve cytokines and growth factors that activate Janus kinases (JAKs). The discovery of the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway was a major breakthrough that revolutionized our understanding of cell growth and differentiation. JAK inhibitors are under active investigation for immune and inflammatory diseases, and they have demonstrated clinical efficacy in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis. Substantial preclinical data support the idea that inhibiting JAKs will ameliorate airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in asthma. Here, we review the rationale for use of JAK inhibitors in different asthma endotypes as well as the preclinical and early clinical evidence supporting such use. We review preclinical data from the use of systemic and inhaled JAK inhibitors in animal models of asthma and safety data based on the use of JAK inhibitors in other diseases. We conclude that JAK inhibitors have the potential to usher in a new era of anti-inflammatory treatment for asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | | | - Margaret Connolly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Georas SN. Inhaled Adjuvants and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma: Is a Little Bit of Lipopolysaccharide the Key to Allergen Sensitization? J Immunol 2021; 207:1699-1701. [PMID: 34544811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Croft DP, Burton DS, Nagel DJ, Bhattacharya S, Falsey AR, Georas SN, Hopke PK, Johnston CJ, Kottmann RM, Litonjua AA, Mariani TJ, Rich DQ, Thevenet-Morrison K, Thurston SW, Utell MJ, McCall MN. The effect of air pollution on the transcriptomics of the immune response to respiratory infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19436. [PMID: 34593881 PMCID: PMC8484285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Combustion related particulate matter air pollution (PM) is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections in adults. The exact mechanism underlying this association has not been determined. We hypothesized that increased concentrations of combustion related PM would result in dysregulation of the innate immune system. This epidemiological study includes 111 adult patients hospitalized with respiratory infections who underwent transcriptional analysis of their peripheral blood. We examined the association between gene expression at the time of hospitalization and ambient measurements of particulate air pollutants in the 28 days prior to hospitalization. For each pollutant and time lag, gene-specific linear models adjusting for infection type were fit using LIMMA (Linear Models For Microarray Data), and pathway/gene set analyses were performed using the CAMERA (Correlation Adjusted Mean Rank) program. Comparing patients with viral and/or bacterial infection, the expression patterns associated with air pollution exposure differed. Adjusting for the type of infection, increased concentrations of Delta-C (a marker of biomass smoke) and other PM were associated with upregulation of iron homeostasis and protein folding. Increased concentrations of black carbon (BC) were associated with upregulation of viral related gene pathways and downregulation of pathways related to antigen presentation. The pollutant/pathway associations differed by lag time and by type of infection. This study suggests that the effect of air pollution on the pathogenesis of respiratory infection may be pollutant, timing, and infection specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Croft
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - David S Burton
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David J Nagel
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, and Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Utell
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Environmental Health Science Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pariser DN, Hilt ZT, Ture SK, Blick-Nitko SK, Looney MR, Cleary SJ, Roman-Pagan E, Saunders J, Georas SN, Veazey J, Madere F, Santos LT, Arne A, Huynh NP, Livada AC, Guerrero-Martin SM, Lyons C, Metcalf-Pate KA, McGrath KE, Palis J, Morrell CN. Lung megakaryocytes are immune modulatory cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137377. [PMID: 33079726 DOI: 10.1172/jci137377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although platelets are the cellular mediators of thrombosis, they are also immune cells. Platelets interact both directly and indirectly with immune cells, impacting their activation and differentiation, as well as all phases of the immune response. Megakaryocytes (Mks) are the cell source of circulating platelets, and until recently Mks were typically only considered bone marrow-resident (BM-resident) cells. However, platelet-producing Mks also reside in the lung, and lung Mks express greater levels of immune molecules compared with BM Mks. We therefore sought to define the immune functions of lung Mks. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of BM and lung myeloid-enriched cells, we found that lung Mks, which we term MkL, had gene expression patterns that are similar to antigen-presenting cells. This was confirmed using imaging and conventional flow cytometry. The immune phenotype of Mks was plastic and driven by the tissue immune environment, as evidenced by BM Mks having an MkL-like phenotype under the influence of pathogen receptor challenge and lung-associated immune molecules, such as IL-33. Our in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MkL internalized and processed both antigenic proteins and bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, MkL induced CD4+ T cell activation in an MHC II-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. These data indicated that MkL had key immune regulatory roles dictated in part by the tissue environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne N Pariser
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon J Cleary
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jerry Saunders
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Janelle Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ferralita Madere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Laura Tesoro Santos
- Cardiovascular Research Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal Biotechnology, Medicine and Health Sciences PhD Program, University Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nguyen Pt Huynh
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alison C Livada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Selena M Guerrero-Martin
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly A Metcalf-Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - James Palis
- Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Craig N Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Georas SN. LPA and Autotaxin: Potential Drug Targets in Asthma? Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:445-448. [PMID: 34331220 PMCID: PMC8551058 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a versatile lysolipid, and activates a variety of signaling cascades in many cell types. Extracellular LPA is produced from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX), and binds to a family of G-protein coupled receptors on its target cells. Research by many groups continues to support the idea that LPA, and the ATX-LPA axis, have important roles in asthma and allergic airway inflammation. In vitro studies have shown that LPA activates many cell types implicated in airway inflammation, including eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, airway epithelial cells, and airway smooth muscle cells. In animal models ATX and LPA receptor antagonists have been shown to attenuate allergic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, cardinal features of asthma in humans. ATX and LPA antagonists are currently under active development to treat lung fibrosis, cancer, and other conditions. If compounds with acceptable safety profiles can be identified, then it seems likely that they will be useful in inflammatory lung diseases like asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
O'Dell CT, Boule LA, Robert J, Georas SN, Eliseeva S, Lawrence BP. Exposure to a mixture of 23 chemicals associated with unconventional oil and gas operations alters immune response to challenge in adult mice. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:105-117. [PMID: 34455897 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1965677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations raises concerns regarding the potential for adverse health outcomes following exposure to water tainted by mixtures of UOG associated chemicals. The potential effects that exposure to complex chemical mixtures has on the immune system have yet to be fully evaluated. In this study, effects on the immune system of adult mice exposed to a mixture of 23 chemicals that have been associated with water near active UOG operations were investigated. Female and male mice were exposed to the mixture via their drinking water for at least 8 weeks. At the end of the exposure, cellularity of primary and secondary immune organs, as well as an immune system function, were assessed using three different models of disease, i.e. house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway disease, influenza A virus infection, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results indicated exposures resulted in different impacts on T-cell populations in each disease model. Furthermore, the consequences of exposure differed between female and male mice. Notably, exposure to the chemical mixture significantly increased EAE disease severity in females, but not in male, mice. These findings indicated that direct exposure to this mixture leads to multiple alterations in T-cell subsets and that these alterations differ between sexes. This suggested to us that direct exposure to UOG-associated chemicals may alter the adult immune system, leading to dysregulation in immune cellularity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T O'Dell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Boule
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Eliseeva
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smyth T, Georas SN. Effects of ozone and particulate matter on airway epithelial barrier structure and function: a review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Inhal Toxicol 2021; 33:177-192. [PMID: 34346824 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2021.1956021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium represents a crucial line of defense against the spread of inhaled pathogens. As the epithelium is the first part of the body to be exposed to the inhaled environment, it must act as both a barrier to and sentinel against any inhaled agents. Despite its vital role in limiting the spread of inhaled pathogens, the airway epithelium is also regularly exposed to air pollutants which disrupt its normal function. Here we review the current understanding of the structure and composition of the airway epithelial barrier, as well as the impact of inhaled pollutants, including the reactive gas ozone and particulate matter, on epithelial function. We discuss the current in vitro, rodent model, and human exposure findings surrounding the impact of various inhaled pollutants on epithelial barrier function, mucus production, and mucociliary clearance. Detailed information on how inhaled pollutants impact epithelial structure and function will further our understanding of the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Israel E, Denlinger LC, Bacharier LB, LaVange LM, Moore WC, Peters MC, Georas SN, Wright RJ, Mauger DT, Noel P, Akuthota P, Bach J, Bleecker ER, Cardet JC, Carr TF, Castro M, Cinelli A, Comhair SAA, Covar RA, Alexander LC, DiMango EA, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Fajt ML, Gaston BM, Hoffman EA, Holguin F, Jackson DJ, Jain S, Jarjour NN, Ji Y, Kenyon NJ, Kosorok MR, Kraft M, Krishnan JA, Kumar R, Liu AH, Liu MC, Ly NP, Marquis MA, Martinez FD, Moy JN, O'Neal WK, Ortega VE, Peden DB, Phipatanakul W, Ross K, Smith LJ, Szefler SJ, Teague WG, Tulchinsky AF, Vijayanand P, Wechsler ME, Wenzel SE, White SR, Zeki AA, Ivanova A. PrecISE: Precision Medicine in Severe Asthma: An adaptive platform trial with biomarker ascertainment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1594-1601. [PMID: 33667479 PMCID: PMC8113113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe asthma accounts for almost half the cost associated with asthma. Severe asthma is driven by heterogeneous molecular mechanisms. Conventional clinical trial design often lacks the power and efficiency to target subgroups with specific pathobiological mechanisms. Furthermore, the validation and approval of new asthma therapies is a lengthy process. A large proportion of that time is taken by clinical trials to validate asthma interventions. The National Institutes of Health Precision Medicine in Severe and/or Exacerbation Prone Asthma (PrecISE) program was established with the goal of designing and executing a trial that uses adaptive design techniques to rapidly evaluate novel interventions in biomarker-defined subgroups of severe asthma, while seeking to refine these biomarker subgroups, and to identify early markers of response to therapy. The novel trial design is an adaptive platform trial conducted under a single master protocol that incorporates precision medicine components. Furthermore, it includes innovative applications of futility analysis, cross-over design with use of shared placebo groups, and early futility analysis to permit more rapid identification of effective interventions. The development and rationale behind the study design are described. The interventions chosen for the initial investigation and the criteria used to identify these interventions are enumerated. The biomarker-based adaptive design and analytic scheme are detailed as well as special considerations involved in the final trial design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine & Allergy & Immunology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | | | - Lisa M LaVange
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wendy C Moore
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael C Peters
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | - David T Mauger
- Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Patricia Noel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Julia Bach
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | | | - Tara F Carr
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Mario Castro
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kan
| | | | | | | | - Laura Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | | | | | - John V Fahy
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Benjamin M Gaston
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Sonia Jain
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Michael R Kosorok
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Andrew H Liu
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Mark C Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ngoc P Ly
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | - M Alison Marquis
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - James N Moy
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - David B Peden
- Marsico Lung Institute, UNC CF Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kristie Ross
- UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Stanley J Szefler
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - W Gerald Teague
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | | | | | - Michael E Wechsler
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Steven R White
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang P, Lopez R, Attaway AH, Georas SN, Khatri SB, Abi-Saleh S, Zein JG. Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Worse Outcome in Patients Hospitalized for Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 9:1562-1569.e1. [PMID: 33181340 PMCID: PMC8043963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a prevalent disease with a high economic cost. More than 50% of its direct cost relates to asthma hospitalizations. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant comorbidity in asthmatic patients, yet its impact on asthma-related hospitalizations is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare the outcome of asthma-related hospitalizations in patients with and without DM. METHODS Using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database, we analyzed data of all adults with index admission for asthma and with no other chronic pulmonary conditions, and compared outcomes between patients with and without DM. Weighted regression analysis was used to determine the impact of DM on hospitalization outcomes. All multivariate regression models were adjusted for patient demographics, socioeconomic status, and chronic medical comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 717,200 asthmatic patients were included, with 202,489 (28.3%) having DM. Diabetic patients were older and had more comorbidities. When hospitalized for asthma, diabetic patients had increased hospital length of stay, cost, and risk for 30-day all-cause and asthma-related readmission. They also had a higher risk for developing nonrespiratory complications during their hospital stay compared with nondiabetic patients. The risk of mortality was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients hospitalized for asthma with coexisting DM had increased hospital length of stay, cost, and risk for readmission. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce the risk for hospital admission and readmission in patients with coexisting DM and asthma. These interventions would have profound economic and societal impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Center for Populations Health Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amy H Attaway
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | - Joe G Zein
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Veazey JM, Eliseeva SI, Hillman SE, Stiles K, Smyth TR, Morrissey CE, Tillotson EJ, Topham DJ, Chapman TJ, Georas SN. Inhibiting Protein Kinase D Promotes Airway Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Mouse Models of Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580401. [PMID: 33381112 PMCID: PMC7767883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family that is involved in a wide array of signaling pathways. Although PKD has been implicated in immune responses, relatively little is known about the function of PKD in the lung or during viral infections. Objectives We investigated the hypothesis that PKD is involved in multiple aspects of host response to viral infection. Methods The selective PKD inhibitor CRT0010166 was administered to C57BL/6 mice prior to and during challenge with either inhaled double-stranded RNA or Influenza A Virus. PKD signaling pathways were investigated in human bronchial epithelial cells treated with CRT0010166, double-stranded RNA, and/or infected with Influenza A Virus. Measurements Total protein and albumin accumulation in the bronchoalveolar fluid was used to asses inside/out leak. Clearance of inhaled FITC-dextran out of the airspace was used to assess outside/in leak. Cytokines and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage were assayed with ELISAs and cytospins respectively. Viral RNA level was assessed with RT-PCR and protein level assessed by ELISA. Main Results PKD inhibition prevented airway barrier dysfunction and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Epithelial cells express PKD3, and PKD3 siRNA knock-down inhibited polyI:C induced cytokine production. Lung epithelial-specific deletion of PKD3 (CC10-Cre x PKD3-floxed mice) partially attenuated polyI:C-induced barrier disruption in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PKD promoted cytokine mRNA transcription, not secretion, likely through activating the transcription factor Sp1. Finally, prophylactic CRT treatment of mice promoted barrier integrity during influenza virus infection and reduced viral burden. Conclusions Inhibiting PKD promotes barrier integrity, limit pathogenic cytokine levels, and restrict Influenza A Virus infection. Therefore, PKD is an attractive target for novel antiviral therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sophia I Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sara E Hillman
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kristie Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Timothy R Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Erika J Tillotson
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Dave J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ivanova A, Israel E, LaVange LM, Peters MC, Denlinger LC, Moore WC, Bacharier LB, Marquis MA, Gotman NM, Kosorok MR, Tomlinson C, Mauger DT, Georas SN, Wright RJ, Noel P, Rosner GL, Akuthota P, Billheimer D, Bleecker ER, Cardet JC, Castro M, DiMango EA, Erzurum SC, Fahy JV, Fajt ML, Gaston BM, Holguin F, Jain S, Kenyon NJ, Krishnan JA, Kraft M, Kumar R, Liu MC, Ly NP, Moy JN, Phipatanakul W, Ross K, Smith LJ, Szefler SJ, Teague WG, Wechsler ME, Wenzel SE, White SR. The precision interventions for severe and/or exacerbation-prone asthma (PrecISE) adaptive platform trial: statistical considerations. J Biopharm Stat 2020; 30:1026-1037. [PMID: 32941098 PMCID: PMC7954787 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2020.1821705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-prone Asthma (PrecISE) study is an adaptive platform trial designed to investigate novel interventions to severe asthma. The study is conducted under a master protocol and utilizes a crossover design with each participant receiving up to five interventions and at least one placebo. Treatment assignments are based on the patients' biomarker profiles and precision health methods are incorporated into the interim and final analyses. We describe key elements of the PrecISE study including the multistage adaptive enrichment strategy, early stopping of an intervention for futility, power calculations, and the primary analysis strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elliot Israel
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Noel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Praveen Akuthota
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Merritt L. Fajt
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerry A. Krishnan
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | | | | | | | - Ngoc P. Ly
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - James N. Moy
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristie Ross
- UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Stanley J. Szefler
- Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Sally E. Wenzel
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smyth T, Veazey J, Eliseeva S, Chalupa D, Elder A, Georas SN. Diesel exhaust particle exposure reduces expression of the epithelial tight junction protein Tricellulin. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:52. [PMID: 33059747 PMCID: PMC7560077 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While exposure to diesel exhaust particles has been linked to aberrant immune responses in allergic diseases such as asthma, little attention has been paid to their effects on the airway epithelial barrier. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of diesel exhaust exposure on airway epithelial barrier function and composition using in vitro and in vivo model systems. Methods 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cells were grown on collagen coated Transwell inserts and exposed to 5 to 50 μg/cm2 SRM 2975 diesel particulate matter (DEP) suspended in cell culture medium or vehicle controls. Changes in barrier function were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability to 4 kDa FITC Dextran. Neonatal BALB/c mice were exposed to aerosolized DEP (255 ± 89 μg/m3; 2 h per day for 5 days) and changes in the tight junction protein Tricellulin were assessed 2 weeks post exposure. Results A six-hour incubation of epithelial cells with diesel exhaust particles caused a significant concentration-dependent reduction in epithelial barrier integrity as measured by decreased TEER and increased permeability to 4 kDa FITC-Dextran. This reduction in epithelial barrier integrity corresponded to a significant reduction in expression of the tight junction protein Tricellulin. siRNA mediated knockdown of Tricellulin recapitulated changes in barrier function caused by DEP exposure. Neonatal exposure to aerosolized DEP caused a significant reduction in lung Tricellulin 2 weeks post exposure at both the protein and mRNA level. Conclusion Short term exposure to DEP causes a significant reduction in epithelial barrier integrity through a reduction in the tight junction protein Tricellulin. Neonatal exposure to aerosolized DEP caused a significant and sustained reduction in Tricellulin protein and mRNA in the lung, suggesting that early life exposure to inhaled DEP may cause lasting changes in airway epithelial barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Janelle Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Box 692, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Box 692, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Veazey J, Chapman TJ, Smyth TR, Hillman SE, Eliseeva SI, Georas SN. Protein Kinase D: A new target in the fight against flu? The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.245.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Summary
Antivirals targeting host proteins may slow development of viral resistance and work against multiple viruses. The serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D (PKD) is one promising target as others have shown inhibiting PKD restricts rhinovirus and hepatitis in cell culture. We show inhibiting PKD restricts Influenza A virus (IAV) in cell culture and in mice.
Methods
The competitive PKD inhibitor, CRT, was given to A549, 16HBE cells and mice, prior to or during stimulation with dsRNA or IAV.
Pulmonary barrier integrity was quantified by assaying total protein leak into the lumen (inside/out leak), and loss of 4kDa FITC-dextran out of the lumen (outside/in leak).
Inflammatory cytokine levels were determined via ELISA/multiplex and mRNA levels via RT-PCR. Transcription factor activity was assayed via luciferase reporter system.
Viral load was determined via RT-PCR of viral M protein. For in vivo IAV experiments, mice were given CRT/vehicle post-infection with lethal dose IAV (PR/8) and morbidity assessed by weight loss.
Results
Conclusion
PKD inhibition promotes barrier integrity, lowers transcription of potentially pathogenic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restricts viral replication, highlighting the potential of CRT as a novel anti-viral therapeutic.
Collapse
|
24
|
Clark HL, Valencia HE, Findeis-Hosey JJ, Georas SN. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with cirrhosis. IDCases 2020; 19:e00722. [PMID: 32140409 PMCID: PMC7049628 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis should be considered in critically ill patients without neutropenia or obvious systemic immunosuppression. Patients with cirrhosis have a weakened immune system and are at risk for invasive fungal diseases including pulmonary aspergillosis. Algorithms for diagnosing invasive fungal infections provide useful guidance but should not replace clinical suspicion.
Aspergillus molds are ubiquitous environmental molds that can cause devastating invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. These infections often go unrecognized in critically ill patients. This case describes a 68 year-old female resident of a long-term nursing facility with history of dementia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease stage III and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes who presented with vomiting, diarrhea and leg swelling. She developed hypotension and was treated for sepsis but found to have negative routine infectious workup. Chest imaging showed nodular densities and bilateral opacities. She developed acute renal failure and hypoxic respiratory failure followed by acute decompensated cirrhosis with refractory volume overload and hypotension and was eventually transitioned to comfort care measures. Autopsy ultimately showed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Here we review the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections in critically ill patients without typical risk factors or clinical findings for invasive fungal disease. Invasive fungal infections are frequently missed and carry high mortality rates, therefore warranting consideration in critically ill populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642 United States
| | - Hugo E Valencia
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642 United States
| | - Jennifer J Findeis-Hosey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642 United States
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642 United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu EK, Eliseeva S, Rahimi H, Schwarz EM, Georas SN. Restrictive lung disease in TNF-transgenic mice: correlation of pulmonary function testing and micro-CT imaging. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:175-187. [PMID: 31318607 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1636899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Micro-computed tomography (µCT) is increasingly being used on animal models as a minimally-invasive longitudinal outcome measure of pulmonary disease progression. However, while imaging can elucidate macroscopic structural changes over the whole lung, µCT is unable to describe the mechanical changes and functional impairments imposed by progressive disease, which can only be measured via pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The tumor necrosis factor-transgenic (TNF-Tg) mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develops pulmonary pathology that mimics many aspects of the inflammatory interstitial lung disease (ILD) seen in a subset of patients with RA. Prior studies using µCT imaging of these mice found increased pulmonary density, characteristic of restrictive disease; however, there have been conflicting reports in the literature regarding the obstructive versus restrictive phenotype of this model. Our study looks to 1) define the functional impairments and 2) characterize the restrictive/obstructive nature of the disease found in this model. Materials and Methods: In this study, we performed PFTs at end-stage ILD, and paired these findings with µCT results, correlating radiology to functional parameters. TNF-Tg and WT littermates of both sexes underwent µCT imaging and PFT testing at 5.5 months-old. Spearman's correlation analyses were performed comparing lung tissue volume (LTV) to PFT parameters of gas exchange and tissue stiffness. Results: Compared to WT, TNF-Tg mice had impaired gas exchange capacity, increased respiratory resistance, and reduced lung compliance, elastance, and inspiratory capacity, indicating increased tissue stiffness and compromised pulmonary function. LTV was also consistently higher in TNF-Tg lungs. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that: 1) TNF-Tg mice display a restrictive pathology, and 2) in vivo µCT is a valid outcome measure to infer changes in pulmonary mechanical and functional parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Wu
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.,b Center for Musculoskeletal Research , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Sophia Eliseeva
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.,c Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Homaira Rahimi
- b Center for Musculoskeletal Research , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.,d Department of Pediatrics , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- b Center for Musculoskeletal Research , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.,e Department of Orthopaedics , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA.,c Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Veazey JM, Chapman TJ, Smyth TR, Hillman SE, Eliseeva SI, Georas SN. Distinct roles for MDA5 and TLR3 in the acute response to inhaled double-stranded RNA. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216056. [PMID: 31067281 PMCID: PMC6505938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelial barrier is critical for preventing pathogen invasion and translocation of inhaled particles into the lung. Epithelial cells also serve an important sentinel role after infection and release various pro-inflammatory mediators that recruit and activate immune cells. Airway epithelial barrier disruption has been implicated in a growing number of respiratory diseases including viral infections. It is thought that when a pathogen breaks the barrier and gains access to the host tissue, pro-inflammatory mediators increase, which further disrupts the barrier and initiates a vicious cycle of leak. However, it is difficult to study airway barrier integrity in vivo, and little is known about relationship between epithelial barrier function and airway inflammation. Current assays of pulmonary barrier integrity quantify the leak of macromolecules from the vasculature into the airspaces (or “inside/out” leak). However, it is also important to measure the ease with which inhaled particles, allergens, or pathogens can enter the subepithelial tissues (or “outside/in” leak). We challenged mice with inhaled double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and explored the relationship between inside/out and outside/in barrier function and airway inflammation. Using wild-type and gene-targeted mice, we studied the roles of the dsRNA sensors Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5). Here we report that after acute challenge with inhaled dsRNA, airway barrier dysfunction occurs in a TLR3-dependent manner, whereas leukocyte accumulation is largely MDA5-dependent. We conclude that airway barrier dysfunction and inflammation are regulated by different mechanisms at early time points after exposure to inhaled dsRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M. Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Hillman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sophia I. Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve N. Georas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Boulé LA, Chapman TJ, Hillman SE, Kassotis CD, O’Dell C, Robert J, Georas SN, Nagel SC, Lawrence BP. Developmental Exposure to a Mixture of 23 Chemicals Associated With Unconventional Oil and Gas Operations Alters the Immune System of Mice. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:639-654. [PMID: 29718478 PMCID: PMC5974794 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemicals used in unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations have the potential to cause adverse biological effects, but this has not been thoroughly evaluated. A notable knowledge gap is their impact on development and function of the immune system. Herein, we report an investigation of whether developmental exposure to a mixture of chemicals associated with UOG operations affects the development and function of the immune system. We used a previously characterized mixture of 23 chemicals associated with UOG, and which was demonstrated to affect reproductive and developmental endpoints in mice. C57Bl/6 mice were maintained throughout pregnancy and during lactation on water containing two concentrations of this 23-chemical mixture, and the immune system of male and female adult offspring was assessed. We comprehensively examined the cellularity of primary and secondary immune organs, and used three different disease models to probe potential immune effects: house dust mite-induced allergic airway disease, influenza A virus infection, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In all three disease models, developmental exposure altered frequencies of certain T cell sub-populations in female, but not male, offspring. Additionally, in the EAE model disease onset occurred earlier and was more severe in females. Our findings indicate that developmental exposure to this mixture had persistent immunological effects that differed by sex, and exacerbated responses in an experimental model of autoimmune encephalitis. These observations suggest that developmental exposure to complex mixtures of water contaminants, such as those derived from UOG operations, could contribute to immune dysregulation and disease later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14842
| | - Sara E Hillman
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14842
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14842
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | | | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Environmental Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Environmental Medicine
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14842
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Susan C Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Asthma is remarkably heterogeneous, and there are multiple underlying inflammatory pathways and structural airway abnormalities that lead to symptomatic disease. Consequently, a current challenge in the field is to precisely characterize different types of asthma, with the goal of developing personalized approaches to therapy. In the current issue of the JCI, Dunican et al. developed a noninvasive way to assess airway dysfunction in asthma by measuring mucus accumulation using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and found that mucus plugging of small airways was remarkably common in subjects with severe asthma. This work highlights the importance of noninvasive imaging approaches in defining specific asthma subsets and guiding targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York and
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York and
| | - Elliott D Crouser
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Williams MA, Cheadle C, Watkins T, Tailor A, Killedar S, Breysse P, Barnes KC, Georas SN. TLR2 and TLR4 as Potential Biomarkers of Environmental Particulate Matter Exposed Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In many subjects who are genetically susceptible to asthma, exposure to environmental stimuli may exacerbate their condition. However, it is unknown how the expression and function of a family of pattern-recognition receptors called toll-like receptors (TLR) are affected by exposure to particulate pollution. TLRs serve a critical function in alerting the immune system of tissue damage or infection—the so-called “danger signals”. We are interested in the role that TLRs play in directing appropriate responses by innate immunity, particularly dendritic cells (DC), after exposing them to particulate pollution. Dendritic cells serve a pivotal role in directing host immunity. Thus, we hypothesized that alterations in TLR expression could be further explored as potential biomarkers of effect related to DC exposure to particulate pollution. We show some preliminary data that indicates that inhaled particulate pollution acts directly on DC by down-regulating TLR expression and altering the activation state of DC. While further studies are warranted, we suggest that alterations in TLR2 and TLR4 expression should be explored as potential biomarkers of DC exposure to environmental particulate pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Williams
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, New York, U.S.A
| | - Chris Cheadle
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Tonya Watkins
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Anitaben Tailor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Smruti Killedar
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, New York, U.S.A
| | - Patrick Breysse
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen C. Barnes
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Steve N. Georas
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, New York, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Long X, Daya M, Zhao J, Rafaels N, Liang H, Potee J, Campbell M, Zhang B, Araujo MI, Oliveira RR, Mathias RA, Gao L, Ruczinski I, Georas SN, Vercelli D, Beaty TH, Barnes KC, Chen X, Chen Q. The role of ST2 and ST2 genetic variants in schistosomiasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1416-1422.e6. [PMID: 28189770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis and its severe complication, periportal fibrosis, are characterized by a predominant Th2 response. To date, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in ST2 have been some of the most consistently associated genetic variants for asthma. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of ST2 (a receptor for the Th2 cytokine IL-33) in chronic and late-stage schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum and the potential effect of ST2 genetic variants on stage of disease and ST2 expression. METHODS We recruited 947 adult participants (339 with end-stage schistosomiasis and liver cirrhosis, 307 with chronic infections without liver fibrosis, and 301 health controls) from a S japonicum-endemic area (Hubei, China). Six ST2 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. Serum soluble ST2 (sST2) was measured by ELISA, and ST2 expression in normal liver tissues, Hepatitis B virus-induced fibrotic liver tissues, and S japonicum-induced fibrotic liver tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found sST2 levels were significantly higher in the end-stage group (36.04 [95% CI, 33.85-38.37]) compared with chronic cases and controls (22.7 [95% CI, 22.0-23.4], P < 1E-10). In addition, S japonicum-induced fibrotic liver tissues showed increased ST2 staining compared with normal liver tissues (P = .0001). Markers rs12712135, rs1420101, and rs6543119 were strongly associated with sST2 levels (P = 2E-10, 5E-05, and 6E-05, respectively), and these results were replicated in an independent cohort from Brazil living in a S mansoni endemic region. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that end-stage schistosomiasis is associated with elevated sST2 levels and show that ST2 genetic variants are associated with sST2 levels in patients with schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Michelle Daya
- Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Joseph Potee
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Monica Campbell
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Maria Ilma Araujo
- Servico de Imunologia, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Oliveira
- Instituto Goncalo Moniz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz - Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Li Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Study Center of Liver Surgery in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14626, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Knowlden SA, Hillman SE, Chapman TJ, Patil R, Miller DD, Tigyi G, Georas SN. Novel Inhibitory Effect of a Lysophosphatidic Acid 2 Agonist on Allergen-Driven Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:402-9. [PMID: 26248018 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0124oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid signaling molecule associated with asthma pathobiology. LPA elicits its effects by binding to at least six known cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6) that are expressed in the lung in a cell type-specific manner. LPA2 in particular has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in asthma because it appears to transduce inhibitory or cell-protective signals. We studied a novel and specific small molecule LPA2 agonist (2-[4-(1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-benzoisoquinolin-2-yl)butylsulfamoyl] benzoic acid [DBIBB]) in a mouse model of house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation. Mice injected with DBIBB developed significantly less airway and lung inflammation compared with vehicle-treated controls. Levels of lung Th2 cytokines were also significantly attenuated by DBIBB. We conclude that pharmacologic activation of LPA2 attenuates Th2-driven allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Targeting LPA receptor signaling holds therapeutic promise in allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Knowlden
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Sara E Hillman
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Renukadevi Patil
- 3 Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and.,4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- 3 Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Steve N Georas
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Levy BD, Noel PJ, Freemer MM, Cloutier MM, Georas SN, Jarjour NN, Ober C, Woodruff PG, Barnes KC, Bender BG, Camargo CA, Chupp GL, Denlinger LC, Fahy JV, Fitzpatrick AM, Fuhlbrigge A, Gaston BM, Hartert TV, Kolls JK, Lynch SV, Moore WC, Morgan WJ, Nadeau KC, Ownby DR, Solway J, Szefler SJ, Wenzel SE, Wright RJ, Smith RA, Erzurum SC. Future Research Directions in Asthma. An NHLBI Working Group Report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 192:1366-72. [PMID: 26305520 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201505-0963ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic disease without cure. Our understanding of asthma onset, pathobiology, classification, and management has evolved substantially over the past decade; however, significant asthma-related morbidity and excess healthcare use and costs persist. To address this important clinical condition, the NHLBI convened a group of extramural investigators for an Asthma Research Strategic Planning workshop on September 18-19, 2014, to accelerate discoveries and their translation to patients. The workshop focused on (1) in utero and early-life origins of asthma, (2) the use of phenotypes and endotypes to classify disease, (3) defining disease modification, (4) disease management, and (5) implementation research. This report summarizes the workshop and produces recommendations to guide future research in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Levy
- 1 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia J Noel
- 2 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Nizar N Jarjour
- 5 University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carole Ober
- 6 The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | - Geoff L Chupp
- 11 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - John V Fahy
- 7 University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Ben M Gaston
- 13 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tina V Hartert
- 14 Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jay K Kolls
- 15 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan V Lynch
- 7 University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wendy C Moore
- 16 Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Kari C Nadeau
- 18 Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Stanley J Szefler
- 20 Children's Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- 15 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert A Smith
- 2 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Block RC, Abdolahi A, Tu X, Georas SN, Brenna JT, Phipps RP, Lawrence P, Mousa SA. The effects of aspirin on platelet function and lysophosphatidic acids depend on plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:17-24. [PMID: 25555354 PMCID: PMC4395522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin's prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is controversial. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and aspirin all affect the cyclooxygenase enzyme. The relationship between plasma EPA and DHA and aspirin's effects has not been determined. Thirty adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ingested aspirin (81 mg/day) for 7 days, then EPA+DHA (2.6g/day) for 28 days, then both for another 7 days. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species and more classic platelet function outcomes were determined. Plasma concentrations of total EPA+DHA were associated with 7-day aspirin reduction effects on these outcomes in a "V"-shaped manner for all 11 LPA species and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. This EPA+DHA concentration was quite consistent for each of the LPA species and ADP. These results support aspirin effects on lysolipid metabolism and platelet aggregation depending on plasma EPA+DHA concentrations in individuals with a disturbed lipid milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Amir Abdolahi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rezaee F, DeSando SA, Hillman S, Georas SN. Restoration of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Airway Barrier Dysfunction By Cyclic AMP Activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
37
|
Rezaee F, Georas SN. Breaking barriers. New insights into airway epithelial barrier function in health and disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:857-69. [PMID: 24467704 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0541rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial permeability is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. A key component of the epithelial barrier is the apical junctional complex that forms between neighboring cells. Apical junctional complexes are made of tight junctions and adherens junctions and link to the cellular cytoskeleton via numerous adaptor proteins. Although the existence of tight and adherens junctions between epithelial cells has long been recognized, in recent years there have been significant advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of junctional complex assembly and disassembly. Here we review the current thinking about the structure and function of the apical junctional complex in airway epithelial cells, emphasizing the translational aspects of relevance to cystic fibrosis and asthma. Most work to date has been conducted using cell culture models, but technical advancements in imaging techniques suggest that we are on the verge of important new breakthroughs in this area in physiological models of airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Rezaee
- 1 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Knowlden SA, Capece T, Popovic M, Chapman TJ, Rezaee F, Kim M, Georas SN. Regulation of T cell motility in vitro and in vivo by LPA and LPA2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101655. [PMID: 25003200 PMCID: PMC4086949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin (ATX) have been implicated in lymphocyte trafficking and the regulation of lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes. High local concentrations of LPA are thought to be present in lymph node high endothelial venules, suggesting a direct influence of LPA on cell migration. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of LPA, and more work is needed to define the expression and function of the six known G protein-coupled receptors (LPA 1-6) in T cells. We studied the effects of 18∶1 and 16∶0 LPA on naïve CD4+ T cell migration and show that LPA induces CD4+ T cell chemorepulsion in a Transwell system, and also improves the quality of non-directed migration on ICAM-1 and CCL21 coated plates. Using intravital two-photon microscopy, lpa2-/- CD4+ T cells display a striking defect in early migratory behavior at HEVs and in lymph nodes. However, later homeostatic recirculation and LPA-directed migration in vitro were unaffected by loss of lpa2. Taken together, these data highlight a previously unsuspected and non-redundant role for LPA2 in intranodal T cell motility, and suggest that specific functions of LPA may be manipulated by targeting T cell LPA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Knowlden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Tara Capece
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Milan Popovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve N. Georas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carlsten
- 1 Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chapman TJ, Georas SN. Regulatory tone and mucosal immunity in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:330-6. [PMID: 24975833 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to a variety of inhaled foreign antigens, many of which are harmless to the body. Therefore, the mucosal immune system must not only have the capacity to distinguish self from non-self, but also harmless versus dangerous non-self. To address this, mucosal immune cells establish an anti-inflammatory steady state in the lung that must be overcome by inflammatory signals in order to mount an effector immune response. In the case of inhaled allergens, the false detection of dangerous non-self results in inappropriate immune activation and eventual allergic asthma. Both basic and clinical studies suggest that the balance between tolerogenic and inflammatory immune responses is a key feature in the outcome of health or disease. This review is focused on what we term 'regulatory tone': the immunosuppressive environment in the lung that must be overcome to induce inflammatory responses. We will summarize the current literature on this topic, with a particular focus on the role of regulatory T cells in preventing allergic disease of the lung. We propose that inter-individual differences in regulatory tone have the potential to not only establish the threshold for immune activation in the lung, but also shape the quality of resulting effector responses following tolerance breakdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14610, United States
| | - Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14610, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid molecule with potent effects on cell growth and motility. Major progress has been made in recent years in deciphering the mechanisms of LPA generation and how it acts on target cells. Most research has been conducted in other disciplines, but emerging data indicate that LPA has an important role to play in immunity. A key discovery was that autotaxin (ATX), an enzyme previously implicated in cancer cell motility, generates extracellular LPA from the precursor lysophosphatidylcholine. Steady-state ATX is expressed by only a few tissues, including high endothelial venules in lymph nodes, but inflammatory signals can upregulate ATX expression in different tissues. In this article, we review current thinking about the ATX/LPA axis in lymphocyte homing, as well as in models of allergic airway inflammation and asthma. New insights into the role of LPA in regulating immune responses should be forthcoming in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knowlden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Saatian B, Rezaee F, Desando S, Emo J, Chapman T, Knowlden S, Georas SN. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 cause barrier dysfunction in human airway epithelial cells. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24333. [PMID: 24665390 PMCID: PMC3875607 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that airway epithelial barrier function is compromised in asthma, a disease characterized by Th2-skewed immune response against inhaled allergens, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Th2-type cytokines on airway epithelial barrier function. 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cells monolayers were grown on collagen coated Transwell inserts. The basolateral or apical surfaces of airway epithelia were exposed to human interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) alone or in combination at various concentrations and time points. We analyzed epithelial apical junctional complex (AJC) function by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability to FITC-conjugated dextran over time. We analyzed AJC structure using immunofluorescence with antibodies directed against key junctional components including occludin, ZO-1, β-catenin and E-cadherin. Transepithelial resistance was significantly decreased after both basolateral and apical exposure to IL-4. Permeability to 3 kDa dextran was also increased in IL-4-exposed cells. Similar results were obtained with IL-13, but none of the innate type 2 cytokines examined (TSLP, IL-25 or IL-33) significantly affected barrier function. IL-4 and IL-13-induced barrier dysfunction was accompanied by reduced expression of membrane AJC components but not by induction of claudin- 2. Enhanced permeability caused by IL-4 was not affected by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3 kinase signaling, but was attenuated by a broad spectrum inhibitor of janus associated kinases. Our study indicates that IL-4 and IL-13 have disruptive effect on airway epithelial barrier function. Th2-cytokine induced epithelial barrier dysfunction may contribute to airway inflammation in allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Saatian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary; Department of Pediatrics; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Samantha Desando
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary; Department of Pediatrics; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Jason Emo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Tim Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Sara Knowlden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abdolahi A, Georas SN, Brenna JT, Cai X, Thevenet-Morrison K, Phipps RP, Lawrence P, Mousa SA, Block RC. The effects of aspirin and fish oil consumption on lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidic acids and their correlates with platelet aggregation in adults with diabetes mellitus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:61-8. [PMID: 24373610 PMCID: PMC3939709 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many diabetics are insensitive to aspirin's platelet anti-aggregation effects. The influence of co-administration of aspirin and fish oil (FO) on plasma lysophospholipids in subjects with diabetes is poorly characterized. Thirty adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated with aspirin (81mg/day) for seven days, then with FO (4g/day) for 28 days, then in combination for another seven days. Lysophospholipids and platelet measures were determined after acute (4h) and chronic (7 days) ingestion of aspirin, FO, or both in combination. FO ingestion reduced all lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) concentrations, while EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations significantly increased after FO alone and in combination with aspirin. In vitro arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was most strongly correlated with palmitoleic (16:1) and oleic (18:1) LPA and LPC concentrations at all time points. The ingestion of these agents may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in diabetic adults, with a disrupted lipid milieu, via lysolipid mediated mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdolahi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steve N Georas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Xueya Cai
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Georas SN. Allergic to autotaxin. A new role for lysophospholipase d and lysophosphatidic Acid in asthma? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:889-91. [PMID: 24127793 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201309-1597ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Georas
- 1 Departments of Medicine, Environmental Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chapman TJ, Georas SN. Adjuvant effect of diphtheria toxin after mucosal administration in both wild type and diphtheria toxin receptor engineered mouse strains. J Immunol Methods 2013; 400-401:122-6. [PMID: 24200744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The finding that murine and simian cells have differential susceptibility to diphtheria toxin (DTx) led to the development of genetically engineered mouse strains that express the simian or human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) under the control of various mouse gene promoters. Injection of DTx into DTR engineered mice allows for rapid and transient depletion of various cell populations. There are several advantages to this approach over global knockout mice, including normal mouse development and temporal control over when cell depletion occurs. As a result, many DTR engineered mouse strains have been developed, resulting in significant insights into the cell biology of various disease states. We used Foxp3(DTR) mice to attempt local depletion of Foxp3+ cells in the lung in a model of tolerance breakdown. Intratracheal administration of DTx resulted in robust depletion of lung Foxp3+ cells. However, DTx administration was accompanied by significant local inflammation, even in control C57Bl/6 mice. These data suggest that DTx administration to non-transgenic mice is not always an immunologically inert event, and proper controls must be used to assess various DTx-mediated depletion regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 692, Rochester, NY 14610, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chapman TJ, Emo JA, Knowlden SA, Rezaee F, Georas SN. Pre-existing tolerance shapes the outcome of mucosal allergen sensitization in a murine model of asthma. J Immunol 2013; 191:4423-30. [PMID: 24038084 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent published studies have highlighted the complexity of the immune response to allergens, and the various asthma phenotypes that arise as a result. Although the interplay of regulatory and effector immune cells responding to allergen would seem to dictate the nature of the asthmatic response, little is known regarding how tolerance versus reactivity to allergen occurs in the lung. The vast majority of mouse models study allergen encounter in naive animals, and therefore exclude the possibility that previous encounters with allergen may influence future sensitization. To address this, we studied sensitization to the model allergen OVA in mice in the context of pre-existing tolerance to OVA. Allergen sensitization by either systemic administration of OVA with aluminum hydroxide or mucosal administration of OVA with low-dose LPS was suppressed in tolerized animals. However, higher doses of LPS induced a mixed Th2 and Th17 response to OVA in both naive and tolerized mice. Of interest, tolerized mice had more pronounced Th17-type inflammation than did naive mice receiving the same sensitization, suggesting pre-existing tolerance altered the inflammatory phenotype. These data show that a pre-existing tolerogenic immune response to allergen can affect subsequent sensitization in the lung. These findings have potential significance for understanding late-onset disease in individuals with severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14610
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bauer SM, Roy A, Emo J, Chapman TJ, Georas SN, Lawrence BP. The effects of maternal exposure to bisphenol A on allergic lung inflammation into adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2012; 130:82-93. [PMID: 22821851 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production volume chemical classified as an environmental estrogen and used primarily in the plastics industry. BPA's increased usage correlates with rising BPA levels in people and a corresponding increase in the incidence of asthma. Due to limited studies, the contribution of maternal BPA exposure to allergic asthma pathogenesis is unclear. Using two established mouse models of allergic asthma, we examined whether developmental exposure to BPA alters hallmarks of allergic lung inflammation in adult offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6 dams were gavaged with 0, 0.5, 5, 50, or 500 μg BPA/kg/day from gestational day 6 until postnatal day 21. To induce allergic inflammation, adult offspring were mucosally sensitized with inhaled ovalbumin containing low-dose lipopolysaccharide or ip sensitized using ovalbumin with alum followed by ovalbumin aerosol challenge. In the mucosal sensitization model, female offspring that were maternally exposed to ≥ 50 μg BPA/kg/day displayed enhanced airway lymphocytic and lung inflammation, compared with offspring of control dams. Peritoneally sensitized, female offspring exposed to ≤ 50 μg BPA/kg/day presented dampened lung eosinophilia, compared with vehicle controls. Male offspring did not exhibit these differences in either sensitization model. Our data demonstrate that maternal exposure to BPA has subtle and qualitatively different effects on allergic inflammation, which are critically dependent upon route of allergen sensitization and sex. However, these subtle, yet persistent changes due to developmental exposure to BPA did not lead to significant differences in overall airway responsiveness, suggesting that early life exposure to BPA does not exacerbate allergic inflammation into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Bauer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Universityof Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qi Y, Operario DJ, Georas SN, Mosmann TR. The acute environment, rather than T cell subset pre-commitment, regulates expression of the human T cell cytokine amphiregulin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39072. [PMID: 22720031 PMCID: PMC3375254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine expression patterns of T cells can be regulated by pre-commitment to stable effector phenotypes, further modification of moderately stable phenotypes, and quantitative changes in cytokine production in response to acute signals. We showed previously that the epidermal growth factor family member Amphiregulin is expressed by T cell receptor-activated mouse CD4 T cells, particularly Th2 cells, and helps eliminate helminth infection. Here we report a detailed analysis of the regulation of Amphiregulin expression by human T cell subsets. Signaling through the T cell receptor induced Amphiregulin expression by most or all T cell subsets in human peripheral blood, including naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, Th1 and Th2 in vitro T cell lines, and subsets of memory CD4 T cells expressing several different chemokine receptors and cytokines. In these different T cell types, Amphiregulin synthesis was inhibited by an antagonist of protein kinase A, a downstream component of the cAMP signaling pathway, and enhanced by ligands that increased cAMP or directly activated protein kinase A. Prostaglandin E2 and adenosine, natural ligands that stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, also enhanced Amphiregulin synthesis while reducing synthesis of most other cytokines. Thus, in contrast to mouse T cells, Amphiregulin synthesis by human T cells is regulated more by acute signals than pre-commitment of T cells to a particular cytokine pattern. This may be appropriate for a cytokine more involved in repair than attack functions during most inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Qi
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Darwin J. Operario
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Steve N. Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Tim R. Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Emo J, Meednu N, Chapman TJ, Rezaee F, Balys M, Randall T, Rangasamy T, Georas SN. Lpa2 is a negative regulator of both dendritic cell activation and murine models of allergic lung inflammation. J Immunol 2012; 188:3784-90. [PMID: 22427635 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Negative regulation of innate immune responses is essential to prevent excess inflammation and tissue injury and promote homeostasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid that regulates cell growth, migration, and activation and is constitutively produced at low levels in tissues and in serum. Extracellular LPA binds to specific G protein-coupled receptors, whose function in regulating innate or adaptive immune responses remains poorly understood. Of the classical LPA receptors belonging to the Edg family, lpa2 (edg4) is expressed by dendritic cells (DC) and other innate immune cells. In this article, we show that DC from lpa2(-/-) mice are hyperactive compared with their wild-type counterparts and are less susceptible to inhibition by different LPA species. In transient-transfection assays, we found that lpa2 overexpression inhibits NF-κB-driven gene transcription. Using an adoptive-transfer approach, we found that allergen-pulsed lpa2(-/-) DC induced substantially more lung inflammation than did wild-type DC after inhaled allergen challenge. Finally, lpa2(-/-) mice develop greater allergen-driven lung inflammation than do their wild-type counterparts in models of allergic asthma involving both systemic and mucosal sensitization. Taken together, these findings identify LPA acting via lpa2 as a novel negative regulatory pathway that inhibits DC activation and allergic airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Emo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14610, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|