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Felberg A, Bieńkowski M, Stokowy T, Myszczyński K, Polakiewicz Z, Kitowska K, Sądej R, Mohlin F, Kuźniewska A, Kowalska D, Stasiłojć G, Jongerius I, Spaapen R, Mesa-Guzman M, Montuenga LM, Blom AM, Pio R, Okrój M. Elevated expression of complement factor I in lung cancer cells associates with shorter survival-Potentially via non-canonical mechanism. Transl Res 2024; 269:1-13. [PMID: 38395390 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
While numerous membrane-bound complement inhibitors protect the body's cells from innate immunity's autoaggression, soluble inhibitors like complement factor I (FI) are rarely produced outside the liver. Previously, we reported the expression of FI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Now, we assessed the content of FI in cancer biopsies from lung cancer patients and associated the results with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. Immunohistochemical staining intensity did not correlate with age, smoking status, tumor size, stage, differentiation grade, and T cell infiltrates, but was associated with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Multivariate Cox analysis of low vs. high FI content revealed HR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.32-0.95, p=0.031 for PFS, HR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.25-1.02, p=0.055 for OS, and HR 0.32, 95 % CI 0.12-0.84, p=0.021 for DSS. Unfavorable prognosis might stem from the non-canonical role of FI, as the staining pattern did not correlate with C4d - the product of FI-supported degradation of active complement component C4b. To elucidate that, we engineered three human NSCLC cell lines naturally expressing FI with CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and compared the transcriptome of FI-deficient and FI-sufficient clones in each cell line. RNA sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes engaged in intracellular signaling pathways controlling proliferation, apoptosis, and responsiveness to growth factors. Moreover, in vitro colony-formation assays showed that FI-deficient cells formed smaller foci than FI-sufficient NSCLC cells, but their size increased when purified FI protein was added to the medium. We postulate that a non-canonical activity of FI influences cellular physiology and contributes to the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Felberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Scientific Computing Group, IT Division, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamil Myszczyński
- Centre of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Analysis, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Polakiewicz
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Frida Mohlin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Alicja Kuźniewska
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daria Kowalska
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Spaapen
- Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Mesa-Guzman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Program in Solid Tumors, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcin Okrój
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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2
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Kulkarni DH, Starick M, Aponte Alburquerque R, Kulkarni HS. Local complement activation and modulation in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00047-3. [PMID: 38838816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily conserved arm of innate immunity, which forms one of the first lines of host response to pathogens, and assists in the clearance of debris. A deficiency in key activators/amplifiers of the cascade results in recurrent infection, whereas a deficiency in regulating the cascade predisposes to accelerated organ failure, as observed in colitis and transplant rejection. Given that there are over 60 proteins in this system, it has become an attractive target for immunotherapeutics, many of which are FDA approved or in multiple phase 2/3 clinical trials.Moreover, there have been key advances in the last few years in the understanding of how the complement system operates locally in tissues, independent of its activities in the circulation. In this review, we will put into perspective the abovementioned discoveries to optimally modulate the spatiotemporal nature of complement activation and regulation at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H Kulkarni
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Marick Starick
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Rafael Aponte Alburquerque
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
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3
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King BC, Blom AM. Intracellular complement and immunometabolism: The advantages of compartmentalization. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350813. [PMID: 38757569 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The complement system is a proteolytic cascade triggered by pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns, with resultant outcomes of inflammation, cellular activation, and opsonization of material for removal by phagocytosis. While first discovered as an activity in serum, it is now recognized that complement components play important roles at local and individual cell-intrinsic levels. In particular, apart from the extracellular serum activities of complement, it is now believed that complement also acts intracellularly, as part of a cellular signal transduction cascade that can stimulate cellular survival and activation, and individual immune cell phenotypes, via effects on cellular metabolism. This review will describe what is currently known about how complement functions in intracellular signal transduction, and outline the functional advantages of a compartmentalized and intracellular complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
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4
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Sahu SK, Maurya RK, Kulkarni HS. The Role of Complement Component C3 in Protection Against Pseudomonas Pneumonia-Induced Lung Injury. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:153-157. [PMID: 38324102 PMCID: PMC11002327 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a family of proteins that facilitate immune resistance by attacking microbes to decrease pathogen burden. As a result, deficiencies of certain complement proteins result in recurrent bacterial infections, and can also result in acute lung injury (ALI). We and others have shown that C3 is present in both immune and nonimmune cells, and modulates cellular functions such as metabolism, differentiation, cytokine production, and survival. Although the emerging roles of the complement system have implications for host responses to ALI, key questions remain vis-a-vis the lung epithelium. In this review, we summarize our recent article in which we reported that during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ALI, lung epithelial cell-derived C3 operates independent of liver-derived C3. Specifically, we report the use of a combination of human cell culture systems and global as well as conditional knockout mouse models to demonstrate the centrality of lung epithelial cell-derived C3. We also summarize recent articles that have interrogated the role of intracellular and/or locally derived C3 in host defense. We propose that C3 is a highly attractive candidate for enhancing tissue resilience in lung injury as it facilitates the survival and function of the lung epithelium, a key cell type that promotes barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rahul K. Maurya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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5
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Kang L, Kohen M, McCarthy I, Hammelef E, Kim HS, Bapputty R, Gubitosi-Klug R, Orge FH, Kern T, Medof ME. Critical Role of CD55 in Controlling Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1142-1149. [PMID: 38372645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
How reparative processes are coordinated following injury is incompletely understood. In recent studies, we showed that autocrine C3a and C5a receptor (C3ar1 and C5ar1) G protein-coupled receptor signaling plays an obligate role in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 growth signaling in vascular endothelial cells. We documented the same interconnection for platelet-derived growth factor receptor growth signaling in smooth muscle cells, epidermal growth factor receptor growth signaling in epidermal cells, and fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in fibroblasts, indicative of a generalized cell growth regulatory mechanism. In this study, we examined one physiological consequence of this signaling circuit. We found that disabling CD55 (also known as decay accelerating factor), which lifts restraint on autocrine C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling, concomitantly augments the growth of each cell type. The mechanism is heightened C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling resulting from the loss of CD55's restraint jointly potentiating growth factor production by each cell type. Examination of the effect of lifted CD55 restraint in four types of injury (burn, corneal denudation, ear lobe puncture, and reengraftment of autologous skin) showed that disabled CD55 function robustly accelerated healing in all cases, whereas disabled C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling universally retarded it. In wild-type mice with burns or injured corneas, applying a mouse anti-mouse CD55 blocking Ab (against CD55's active site) to wounds accelerated the healing rate by 40-70%. To our knowledge, these results provide new insights into mechanisms that underlie wound repair and open up a new tool for accelerating healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Kang
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Maryo Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Isaac McCarthy
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Emma Hammelef
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hae Suk Kim
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - R Bapputty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Rose Gubitosi-Klug
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Faruk H Orge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Timothy Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - M Edward Medof
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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6
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Wu M, Zheng W, Song X, Bao B, Wang Y, Ramanan D, Yang D, Liu R, Macbeth JC, Do EA, Andrade WA, Yang T, Cho HS, Gazzaniga FS, Ilves M, Coronado D, Thompson C, Hang S, Chiu IM, Moffitt JR, Hsiao A, Mekalanos JJ, Benoist C, Kasper DL. Gut complement induced by the microbiota combats pathogens and spares commensals. Cell 2024; 187:897-913.e18. [PMID: 38280374 PMCID: PMC10922926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Canonically, the complement system is known for its rapid response to remove microbes in the bloodstream. However, relatively little is known about a functioning complement system on intestinal mucosal surfaces. Herein, we report the local synthesis of complement component 3 (C3) in the gut, primarily by stromal cells. C3 is expressed upon commensal colonization and is regulated by the composition of the microbiota in healthy humans and mice, leading to an individual host's specific luminal C3 levels. The absence of membrane attack complex (MAC) components in the gut ensures that C3 deposition does not result in the lysis of commensals. Pathogen infection triggers the immune system to recruit neutrophils to the infection site for pathogen clearance. Basal C3 levels directly correlate with protection against enteric infection. Our study reveals the gut complement system as an innate immune mechanism acting as a vigilant sentinel that combats pathogens and spares commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinyang Song
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyou Wang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepshika Ramanan
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - John C Macbeth
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elyza A Do
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Tiandi Yang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyoung-Soo Cho
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Marit Ilves
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniela Coronado
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Saiyu Hang
- Genentech LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Moffitt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ansel Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - John J Mekalanos
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dennis L Kasper
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Lafzi A, Borrelli C, Baghai Sain S, Bach K, Kretz JA, Handler K, Regan-Komito D, Ficht X, Frei A, Moor A. Identifying Spatial Co-occurrence in Healthy and InflAmed tissues (ISCHIA). Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:98-119. [PMID: 38225383 PMCID: PMC10897385 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) methods allow unbiased capturing of RNA molecules at barcoded spots, charting the distribution and localization of cell types and transcripts across a tissue. While the coarse resolution of these techniques is considered a disadvantage, we argue that the inherent proximity of transcriptomes captured on spots can be leveraged to reconstruct cellular networks. To this end, we developed ISCHIA (Identifying Spatial Co-occurrence in Healthy and InflAmed tissues), a computational framework to analyze the spatial co-occurrence of cell types and transcript species within spots. Co-occurrence analysis is complementary to differential gene expression, as it does not depend on the abundance of a given cell type or on the transcript expression levels, but rather on their spatial association in the tissue. We applied ISCHIA to analyze co-occurrence of cell types, ligands and receptors in a Visium dataset of human ulcerative colitis patients, and validated our findings at single-cell resolution on matched hybridization-based data. We uncover inflammation-induced cellular networks involving M cell and fibroblasts, as well as ligand-receptor interactions enriched in the inflamed human colon, and their associated gene signatures. Our results highlight the hypothesis-generating power and broad applicability of co-occurrence analysis on spatial transcriptomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Lafzi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Borrelli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Bach
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas A Kretz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Handler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Regan-Komito
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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Singh P, Kemper C. Complement, complosome, and complotype: A perspective. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250042. [PMID: 37120820 PMCID: PMC10613581 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent rapid progress in key technological advances, including the broader accessibility of single-cell "omic" approaches, have allowed immunologists to gain important novel insights into the contributions of individual immune cells in protective immunity and immunopathologies. These insights also taught us that there is still much to uncover about the (cellular) networks underlying immune responses. For example, in the last decade, studies on a key component of innate immunity, the complement system, have defined intracellularly active complement (the complosome) as a key orchestrator of normal cell physiology. This added an unexpected facet to the biology of complement, which was long considered fully explored. Here, we will summarize succinctly the known activation modes and functions of the complosome and provide a perspective on the origins of intracellular complement. We will also make a case for extending assessments of the complotype, the individual inherited landscape of common variants in complement genes, to the complosome, and for reassessing patients with known serum complement deficiencies for complosome perturbations. Finally, we will discuss where we see current opportunities and hurdles for dissecting the compartmentalization of complement activities toward a better understanding of their contributions to cellular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Wu X, You D, Pan M, Weng M, Xie Q, Guan Y, Zheng J, Lin S, Zhang X, Hao C, Wan J. Knockout of the C3a receptor protects against renal ischemia reperfusion injury by reduction of NETs formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:322. [PMID: 37816851 PMCID: PMC11072185 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a local sterile inflammatory response driven by innate immunity. Emerging data have revealed that complement and neutrophils contribute to hyperinflammation and oxidative stress in I/R induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the interplay between the C3a/C3aR axis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is imcompletelyunderstood. Here, we utilize genetically engineered mouse models and pharmacological inhibitors to investigate this association. The C3a/C3aR axis is found to promote neutrophil recruitment and NETs formation, thereby accelerating renal damage and dysfunction. Knockout of C3aR restores NETs release and improves renal function after I/R injury. Antibody-mediated blockade of NETs can also significantly ameliorate renal tubular injury and inflammation. Consistently, under stimulation by C3a, neutrophils are activated to promote NETs formation and subsequent renal tubular epithelial cell damage, and blocking C3aR rescued the injury. Interfering with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in neutrophils by antioxidant treatment significantly attenuates NETs formation. Our findings demonstrate that the C3a/C3aR-ROS-NETs axis constitutes a promising target for prevention or treatment of renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Danyu You
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Maoen Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Mengjie Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Qionghong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Songhua Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jianxin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Chronic Kidney Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Nephrology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
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10
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Kareem S, Jacob A, Mathew J, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. Complement: Functions, location and implications. Immunology 2023; 170:180-192. [PMID: 37222083 PMCID: PMC10524990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra- and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location-based and tissue-specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement-independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kareem
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jessy J Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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11
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Fang Z, Lee H, Liu J, Wong KA, Brown LM, Li X, Xiaoli AM, Yang F, Zhang M. Complement C3 Reduces Apoptosis via Interaction with the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Cells 2023; 12:2282. [PMID: 37759504 PMCID: PMC10528058 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) elicits an acute inflammatory response involving complement factors. Recently, we reported that myocardial necrosis was decreased in complement C3-/- mice after heart I/R. The current study used the same heart model to test the effect of C3 on myocardial apoptosis and investigated if C3 regulation of apoptosis occurred in human cardiomyocytes. Comparative proteomics analyses found that cytochrome c was present in the myocardial C3 complex of WT mice following I/R. Incubation of exogenous human C3 reduced apoptosis in a cell culture system of human cardiomyocytes that did not inherently express C3. In addition, human C3 inhibited the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in a cell-free apoptosis system. Finally, human pro-C3 was found to bind with an apoptotic factor, pro-caspase 3, in a cell-free system. Thus, we present firsthand evidence showing that C3 readily reduces myocardial apoptosis via interaction with the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (Z.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Haekyung Lee
- Departments of Anesthesiology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (Z.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Junying Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (Z.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Karen A. Wong
- Departments of Anesthesiology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (Z.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Lewis M. Brown
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Xiang Li
- Departments of Anesthesiology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (Z.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Alus M. Xiaoli
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (A.M.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fajun Yang
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (A.M.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (Z.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (K.A.W.); (X.L.)
- Departments of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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12
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Ray A, Kale SL, Ramonell RP. Bridging the Gap between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Lung: Summary of the Aspen Lung Conference 2022. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:266-280. [PMID: 37043828 PMCID: PMC10503303 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0057ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although significant strides have been made in the understanding of pulmonary immunology, much work remains to be done to comprehensively explain coordinated immune responses in the lung. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic only served to highlight the inadequacy of current models of host-pathogen interactions and reinforced the need for current and future generations of immunologists to unravel complex biological questions. As part of that effort, the 64th Annual Thomas L. Petty Aspen Lung Conference was themed "Bridging the Gap between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Lung" and featured exciting work from renowned immunologists. This report summarizes the proceedings of the 2022 Aspen Lung Conference, which was convened to discuss the roles played by innate and adaptive immunity in disease pathogenesis, evaluate the interface between the innate and adaptive immune responses, assess the role of adaptive immunity in the development of autoimmunity and autoimmune lung disease, discuss lessons learned from immunologic cancer treatments and approaches, and define new paradigms to harness the immune system to prevent and treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sagar L. Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Richard P. Ramonell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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13
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Van Damme KFA, Hoste L, Declercq J, De Leeuw E, Maes B, Martens L, Colman R, Browaeys R, Bosteels C, Verwaerde S, Vermeulen N, Lameire S, Debeuf N, Deckers J, Stordeur P, Depuydt P, Van Braeckel E, Vandekerckhove L, Guilliams M, Schetters STT, Haerynck F, Tavernier SJ, Lambrecht BN. A complement atlas identifies interleukin-6-dependent alternative pathway dysregulation as a key druggable feature of COVID-19. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0252. [PMID: 37611083 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in COVID-19 treatments, especially for the critically ill, require deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving disease pathology. The complement system is not only a crucial component of innate host defense but can also contribute to tissue injury. Although all complement pathways have been implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the upstream drivers and downstream effects on tissue injury remain poorly defined. We demonstrate that complement activation is primarily mediated by the alternative pathway, and we provide a comprehensive atlas of the complement alterations around the time of respiratory deterioration. Proteomic and single-cell sequencing mapping across cell types and tissues reveals a division of labor between lung epithelial, stromal, and myeloid cells in complement production, in addition to liver-derived factors. We identify IL-6 and STAT1/3 signaling as an upstream driver of complement responses, linking complement dysregulation to approved COVID-19 therapies. Furthermore, an exploratory proteomic study indicates that inhibition of complement C5 decreases epithelial damage and markers of disease severity. Collectively, these results support complement dysregulation as a key druggable feature of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel F A Van Damme
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Levi Hoste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jozefien Declercq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Leeuw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Martens
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Roos Colman
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Browaeys
- Bioinformatics Expertise Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cédric Bosteels
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Respiratory Infection and Defense Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verwaerde
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Vermeulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sahine Lameire
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nincy Debeuf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Deckers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Stordeur
- Belgian National Reference Center for the Complement System, Laboratory of Immunology, LHUB-ULB, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Depuydt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Respiratory Infection and Defense Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Belgium
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon J Tavernier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Wang X, Hao Y, Chen J, Ding P, Lv X, Zhou D, Li L, Li L, Xu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Chen L, Liao T, He X, Ji QH, Hu W. Nuclear complement C3b promotes paclitaxel resistance by assembling the SIN3A/HDAC1/2 complex in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:351. [PMID: 37291119 PMCID: PMC10250389 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the classical role as a serum effector system of innate immunity, accumulating evidence suggests that intracellular complement components have indispensable functions in immune defense, T cell homeostasis, and tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Here, we revealed that complement component 3 (C3) is remarkably upregulated in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and that knockdown of C3 promoted PTX-induced cell apoptosis, sensitizing resistant cells to PTX therapy. Ectopic C3 decreased PTX-induced apoptosis and induced resistance to PTX treatment in original NSCLC cells. Interestingly, C3b, the activated fragment of C3, was found to translocate into the nucleus and physically associate with the HDAC1/2-containing SIN3A complex to repress the expression of GADD45A, which plays an important role in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Importantly, C3 downregulated GADD45A by enhancing the binding of the SIN3A complex with the promoter of GADD45A, thus decreasing the H3Ac level to compress chromatin around the GADD45A locus. Subsequently, ectopic GADD45A promoted PTX-induced cell apoptosis, sensitizing resistant cells to PTX therapy, and insufficiency of GADD45A in original cancer cells induced resistance to PTX treatment. These findings identify a previously unknown nucleus location and oncogenic property for C3 in chemotherapy and provide a potential therapeutic opportunity to overcome PTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanqing Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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DiLillo KM, Norman KC, Freeman CM, Christenson SA, Alexis NE, Anderson WH, Barjaktarevic IZ, Barr RG, Comellas AP, Bleecker ER, Boucher RC, Couper DJ, Criner GJ, Doerschuk CM, Wells JM, Han MK, Hoffman EA, Hansel NN, Hastie AT, Kaner RJ, Krishnan JA, Labaki WW, Martinez FJ, Meyers DA, O'Neal WK, Ortega VE, Paine R, Peters SP, Woodruff PG, Cooper CB, Bowler RP, Curtis JL, Arnold KB. A blood and bronchoalveolar lavage protein signature of rapid FEV 1 decline in smoking-associated COPD. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8228. [PMID: 37217548 PMCID: PMC10203309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased risks of hospitalization and death. Prognostic insights into mechanisms and markers of progression could facilitate development of disease-modifying therapies. Although individual biomarkers exhibit some predictive value, performance is modest and their univariate nature limits network-level insights. To overcome these limitations and gain insights into early pathways associated with rapid progression, we measured 1305 peripheral blood and 48 bronchoalveolar lavage proteins in individuals with COPD [n = 45, mean initial forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 75.6 ± 17.4% predicted]. We applied a data-driven analysis pipeline, which enabled identification of protein signatures that predicted individuals at-risk for accelerated lung function decline (FEV1 decline ≥ 70 mL/year) ~ 6 years later, with high accuracy. Progression signatures suggested that early dysregulation in elements of the complement cascade is associated with accelerated decline. Our results propose potential biomarkers and early aberrant signaling mechanisms driving rapid progression in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina M DiLillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katy C Norman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wayne H Anderson
- Marsico Lung Institute/Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Igor Z Barjaktarevic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David J Couper
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Michael Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health, Wake Forest Baptist, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wassim W Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen P Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health, Wake Forest Baptist, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Bain W, Tabary M, Moore SR, An X, Kitsios GD, McVerry BJ, Ray P, Ray A, Mallampalli RK, Ferreira VP, Lee JS, Nouraie SM. Factor H preserves alternative complement function during ARDS, linked to improved survival. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00702-2022. [PMID: 37377659 PMCID: PMC10291301 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00702-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective regulation of complement activation may be crucial to preserving complement function during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Factor H is the primary negative regulator of the alternative pathway of complement. We hypothesised that preserved factor H levels are associated with decreased complement activation and reduced mortality during ARDS. Methods Total alternative pathway function was measured by serum haemolytic assay (AH50) using available samples from the ARDSnet Lisofylline and Respiratory Management of Acute Lung Injury (LARMA) trial (n=218). Factor B and factor H levels were quantified using ELISA using samples from the ARDSnet LARMA and Statins for Acutely Injured Lungs from Sepsis (SAILS) (n=224) trials. Meta-analyses included previously quantified AH50, factor B and factor H values from an observational registry (Acute Lung Injury Registry and Biospecimen Repository (ALIR)). Complement C3, and complement activation products C3a and Ba plasma levels were measured in SAILS. Results AH50 greater than the median was associated with reduced mortality in meta-analysis of LARMA and ALIR (hazard ratio (HR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.96). In contrast, patients in the lowest AH50 quartile demonstrated relative deficiency of both factor B and factor H. Relative deficiency of factor B (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.44-2.75) or factor H (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.09-2.11) was associated with increased mortality in meta-analysis of LARMA, SAILS and ALIR. Relative factor H deficiency was associated with increased factor consumption, as evidenced by lower factor B and C3 levels and Ba:B and C3a:C3 ratios. Higher factor H levels associated with lower inflammatory markers. Conclusions Relative factor H deficiency, higher Ba:B and C3a:C3 ratios and lower factor B and C3 levels suggest a subset of ARDS with complement factor exhaustion, impaired alternative pathway function, and increased mortality, that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bain
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Tabary
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sara R. Moore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xiaojing An
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Viviana P. Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S. Mehdi Nouraie
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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17
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Xiao F, Guo J, Tomlinson S, Yuan G, He S. The role of the complosome in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146167. [PMID: 36969185 PMCID: PMC10036758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is one of the immune system's oldest defense mechanisms and is historically regarded as a liver-derived and serum-active innate immune system that 'complements' cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses against pathogens. However, the complement system is now recognized as a central component of both innate and adaptive immunity at both the systemic and local tissue levels. More findings have uncovered novel activities of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-that have shifted established functional paradigms in the field. The complosome has been shown to play a critical function in regulating T cell responses, cell physiology (such as metabolism), inflammatory disease processes, and cancer, which has amply proved its immense research potential and informed us that there is still much to learn about this system. Here, we summarize current understanding and discuss the emerging roles of the complosome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jixu Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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19
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Wu M, Zheng W, Song X, Bao B, Wang Y, Ramanan D, Yang D, Liu R, Macbeth JC, Do EA, Andrade WA, Yang T, Cho HS, Gazzaniga FS, Ilves M, Coronado D, Thompson C, Hang S, Chiu IM, Moffitt JR, Hsiao A, Mekalanos JJ, Benoist C, Kasper DL. Microbiome induced complement synthesized in the gut protects against enteric infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.02.523770. [PMID: 36778396 PMCID: PMC9915568 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.523770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canonically, complement is a serum-based host defense system that protects against systemic microbial invasion. Little is known about the production and function of complement components on mucosal surfaces. Here we show gut complement component 3 (C3), central to complement function, is regulated by the composition of the microbiota in healthy humans and mice, leading to host-specific gut C3 levels. Stromal cells in intestinal lymphoid follicles (LFs) are the predominant source of intestinal C3. During enteric infection with Citrobacter rodentium or enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, luminal C3 levels increase significantly and are required for protection. C. rodentium is remarkably more invasive to the gut epithelium of C3-deficient mice than of wild-type mice. In the gut, C3-mediated phagocytosis of C. rodentium functions to clear pathogens. Our study reveals that variations in gut microbiota determine individuals’ intestinal mucosal C3 levels, dominantly produced by LF stromal cells, which directly correlate with protection against enteric infection. Highlights Gut complement component 3 (C3) is induced by the microbiome in healthy humans and mice at a microbiota-specific level.Gut stromal cells located in intestinal lymphoid follicles are a major source of luminal C3 During enteric infections with Citrobacter rodentium or enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, gut luminal C3 levels increase and are required for protection. C. rodentium is significantly more invasive of the gut epithelium in C3-deficient mice when compared to WT mice. In the gut, C3-mediated opsonophagocytosis of C. rodentium functions to clear pathogens.
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20
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Sahu SK, Ozantürk AN, Kulkarni DH, Ma L, Barve RA, Dannull L, Lu A, Starick M, McPhatter J, Garnica L, Sanfillipo-Burchman M, Kunen J, Wu X, Gelman AE, Brody SL, Atkinson JP, Kulkarni HS. Lung epithelial cell-derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabp9547. [PMID: 36735773 PMCID: PMC10023170 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abp9547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complement component C3 is a fundamental plasma protein for host defense, produced largely by the liver. However, recent work has demonstrated the critical importance of tissue-specific C3 expression in cell survival. Here, we analyzed the effects of local versus peripheral sources of C3 expression in a model of acute bacterial pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whereas mice with global C3 deficiency had severe pneumonia-induced lung injury, those deficient only in liver-derived C3 remained protected, comparable to wild-type mice. Human lung transcriptome analysis showed that secretory epithelial cells, such as club cells, express high levels of C3 mRNA. Mice with tamoxifen-induced C3 gene ablation from club cells in the lung had worse pulmonary injury compared with similarly treated controls, despite maintaining normal circulating C3 levels. Last, in both the mouse pneumonia model and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells, we showed that stress-induced death associated with C3 deficiency parallels that seen in Factor B deficiency rather than C3a receptor deficiency. Moreover, C3-mediated reduction in epithelial cell death requires alternative pathway component Factor B. Thus, our findings suggest that a pathway reliant on locally derived C3 and Factor B protects the lung mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K. Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ayşe N. Ozantürk
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Linus Dannull
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Angel Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Marick Starick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Ja’Nia McPhatter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Lorena Garnica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Maxwell Sanfillipo-Burchman
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Jeremy Kunen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, USA
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21
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King BC, Blom AM. Intracellular complement: Evidence, definitions, controversies, and solutions. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:104-119. [PMID: 36100972 PMCID: PMC10086947 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The term "intracellular complement" has been introduced recently as an umbrella term to distinguish functions of complement proteins that take place intracellularly, rather than in the extracellular environment. However, this rather undefined term leaves some confusion as to the classification of what intracellular complement really is, and as to which intracellular compartment(s) it should refer to. In this review, we will describe the evidence for both canonical and non-canonical functions of intracellular complement proteins, as well as the current controversies and unanswered questions as to the nature of the intracellular complement. We also suggest new terms to facilitate the accurate description and discussion of specific forms of intracellular complement and call for future experiments that will be required to provide more definitive evidence and a better understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular complement activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Pei Y, Zhang J, Qu J, Rao Y, Li D, Gai X, Chen Y, Liang Y, Sun Y. Complement component 3 protects human bronchial epithelial cells from cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and prevents incessant apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035930. [PMID: 36605203 PMCID: PMC9807617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement component 3 (C3) is a pivotal element of the complement system and plays an important role in innate immunity. A previous study showed that intracellular C3 was upregulated in airway epithelial cells (AECs) from individuals with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accumulating evidence has shown that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in AECs. Therefore, we investigated whether C3 modulated cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in AECs and participated in the pathogenesis of COPD. We found increased C3 expression, together with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, in a cigarette smoke-induced mouse model of COPD and in AECs from patients with COPD. Different concentrations of CSEinduced C3 expression in 16HBE cells in vitro. Interestingly, C3 knockdown (KD) exacerbated oxidative stress and apoptosis in 16HBE cells exposed to CSE. Furthermore, C3 exerted its pro-survival effects through JNK inhibition, while exogenous C3 partially rescued CSE-induced cell death and oxidative stress in C3 KD cells. These data indicate that locally produced C3 is an important pro-survival molecule in AECs under cigarette smoke exposure, revealing a potentially novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhang
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang, ; Yongchang Sun,
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23
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Decay-Accelerating Factor Creates an Organ-Protective Phenotype after Hemorrhage in Conscious Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113563. [PMID: 36362350 PMCID: PMC9655774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that traumatic hemorrhage (TH) induces early complement cascade activation, leading to inflammation-associated multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Several previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of complement inhibition in anesthetized (unconscious) animal models of hemorrhage. Anesthetic agents profoundly affect the immune response, microcirculation response, and coagulation patterns and thereby may confound the TH research data acquired. However, no studies have addressed the effect of complement inhibition on inflammation-driven MODS in a conscious model of hemorrhage. This study investigated whether early administration of decay-accelerating factor (CD55/DAF, a complement C3/C5 inhibitor) alleviates hemorrhage-induced organ damage and how DAF modulates hemorrhage-induced organ damage. DAF was administered to unanesthetized male Sprague Dawley rats subjected to pressure-controlled hemorrhage followed by a prolonged (4 h) hypotensive resuscitation with or without lactated Ringer’s (LR). We assessed DAF effects on organ protection, tissue levels of complement synthesis and activation, T lymphocyte infiltration, fluid resuscitation requirements, and metabolic acidosis. Hemorrhage with (HR) or without (H) LR resuscitation resulted in significantly increased C3, C5a, and C5b-9 deposition in the lung and intestinal tissues. HR rats had significantly higher tissue levels of complement activation/deposition (particularly C5a and C5b-9 in the lung tissues), a higher but not significant amount of C3 and C5b-9 pulmonary microvascular deposition, and relatively severe injury in the lung and intestinal tissues compared to H rats. DAF treatment significantly reduced tissue C5b-9 formation and C3 deposition in the H or HR rats and decreased tissue levels of C5a and C3 mRNA in the HR rats. This treatment prevented the injury of these organs, improved metabolic acidosis, reduced fluid resuscitation requirements, and decreased T-cell infiltration in lung tissues. These findings suggest that DAF has the potential as an organ-protective adjuvant treatment for TH during prolonged damage control resuscitation.
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24
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Ledenko M, Antwi SO, Arima S, Driscoll J, Furuse J, Klümpen HJ, Larsen FO, Lau DK, Maderer A, Markussen A, Moehler M, Nooijen LE, Shaib WL, Tebbutt NC, André T, Ueno M, Woodford R, Yoo C, Zalupski MM, Patel T. Sex-related disparities in outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma patients in treatment trials. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963753. [PMID: 36033540 PMCID: PMC9404243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ledenko
- Department of Transplantation, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Samuel O. Antwi
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Shiho Arima
- Department of Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Julia Driscoll
- Department of Transplantation, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Finn Ole Larsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David K. Lau
- Oncogenic Transcription Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annett Maderer
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alice Markussen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Markus Moehler
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lynn E. Nooijen
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Walid L. Shaib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Niall C. Tebbutt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Thierry André
- Sorbonne University and Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rachel Woodford
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre (NHMRC CTC), Medical Foundation Building, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mark M. Zalupski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Tushar Patel,
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25
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Jiang S, Ding X, Wu Q, Cheng T, Xu M, Huang J. Identifying immune cells-related phenotype to predict immunotherapy and clinical outcome in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980986. [PMID: 36032097 PMCID: PMC9402937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment is mainly composed of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), fibroblast, extracellular matrix, and secreted factors. TIICs are often associated with sensitivity to immunotherapy and the prognosis of multiple cancers, yet the predictive role of individual cells on tumor prognosis is limited. Methods Based on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, we combined three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts to build a TIIC model for risk stratification and prognosis prediction. The performance of the TIIC model was validated using our clinical cohort and the TCGA cohort. To assess the predictive power of the TIIC model for immunotherapy, we plotted the receiver operating characteristic curve with the IMvigor210 and GSE135222 cohorts. Results Chemokines, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and immunomodulators differed between the two TIIC groups. The TIIC model was vital for predicting the outcome of immunotherapy. In our clinical samples, we verified that the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 were higher in the low TIIC score group than in the high TIIC score group, both in the tumor and stroma. Conclusions Collectively, the TIIC model could provide a novel idea for immune cell targeting strategies in gastric cancer and predict the survival outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Biobank & The Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathology, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xuzhong Ding
- Department of Clinical Biobank & The Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Department of Clinical Biobank & The Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- Department of Clinical Biobank & The Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Manyu Xu
- Department of Clinical Biobank & The Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Clinical Biobank & The Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfei Huang,
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26
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Corcoran JA, Napier BA. C3aR plays both sides in regulating resistance to bacterial infections. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010657. [PMID: 35925892 PMCID: PMC9352106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the complement pathway results in the production of bioactive C3a, a product of C3 cleavage, which interacts with membrane-bound receptor C3aR to regulate innate immune cell function and outcome of bacterial infection. Specifically, previous research has identified mechanistically distinct and cell type–specific roles for C3aR in regulating innate immune cell inflammatory state, antimicrobial killing capacity, and metabolism. Historically, the production of C3a has been relegated to the serum; however, recent studies have provided evidence that various cell types can produce intracellular C3a that stimulates intracellular C3aR. In light of these new results, it is imperative that we revisit previous studies regarding the role of C3aR in controlling bacterial infections and analyze these results in the context of both extracellular and intracellular C3a production and C3aR activation. Thus, this review will cover specific roles of C3aR in driving cell type–specific and tissue specific responses during bacterial infections and emphasize the contribution of the C3a–C3aR axis in regulating host resistance to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A. Corcoran
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Napier
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Mulligan JK, Nord D, Villanueva MV, Justice J, Lobo B, Schlosser RJ, Atkinson C. Role of C3a as a Novel Regulator of 25(OH)D 3 to 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Metabolism in Upper Airway Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:262-269. [PMID: 35793909 PMCID: PMC9432430 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, primary human sinonasal epithelial cell (HSNEC) 1α-hydroxylase levels are reduced, as is their ability to metabolize 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] to its active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. In this study, we sought to identify the factor responsible for the regulation of HSNEC metabolism of 25(OH)D3, focusing on C3 and C3a. Multiple inhaled irritants trigger the release of complement components, C3 and C3a, leading to suppression of 1α-hydroxylase levels in HSNECs. Recombinant C3a was able to decrease 1α-hydroxylase and impair 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism, while addition of a C3a receptor antagonist restored conversion. Conversely, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed Aspergillus fumigatus-induced C3 and C3a levels in HSNEC supernatant. Given the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to modulate LL37 in other cell types, we examined its regulation in HSNECs and relationship to C3a. 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated the secretion of LL37, whereas A. fumigatus and C3a suppressed it. Conversely, LL37 reduced the release of C3/C3a by HSNECs. Lastly, oral steroid use and in vitro dexamethasone application both failed to increase 1α-hydroxylase or reduce C3a levels. In summary, in this article, we describe for the first time a novel relationship between complement activation and local vitamin D metabolism in airway epithelial cells. The presence of elevated C3/C3a in patients with asthma and/or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps may account for their impaired HSNEC 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism and explain why they receive limited therapeutic benefit from oral vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Mulligan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Dianna Nord
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maria V Villanueva
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jeb Justice
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Brian Lobo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL;
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28
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Zauhar R, Biber J, Jabri Y, Kim M, Hu J, Kaplan L, Pfaller AM, Schäfer N, Enzmann V, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Straub T, Hauck SM, Gamlin PD, McFerrin MB, Messinger J, Strang CE, Curcio CA, Dana N, Pauly D, Grosche A, Li M, Stambolian D. As in Real Estate, Location Matters: Cellular Expression of Complement Varies Between Macular and Peripheral Regions of the Retina and Supporting Tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895519. [PMID: 35784369 PMCID: PMC9240314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular events that dictate the initiation of the complement pathway in ocular degeneration, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is poorly understood. Using gene expression analysis (single cell and bulk), mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemistry, we dissected the role of multiple retinal and choroidal cell types in determining the complement homeostasis. Our scRNA-seq data show that the cellular response to early AMD is more robust in the choroid, particularly in fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells. In late AMD, complement changes were more prominent in the retina especially with the expression of the classical pathway initiators. Notably, we found a spatial preference for these differences. Overall, this study provides insights into the heterogeneity of cellular responses for complement expression and the cooperation of neighboring cells to complete the pathway in healthy and AMD eyes. Further, our findings provide new cellular targets for therapies directed at complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Zauhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Josef Biber
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yassin Jabri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna M. Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core and Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul D. Gamlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. McFerrin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeffrey Messinger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christianne E. Strang
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine A. Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicholas Dana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Pauly
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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29
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Kremlitzka M, Colineau L, Nowacka AA, Mohlin FC, Wozniak K, Blom AM, King BC. Alternative translation and retrotranslocation of cytosolic C3 that detects cytoinvasive bacteria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:291. [PMID: 35546365 PMCID: PMC9095555 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Complement C3 was originally regarded as a serum effector protein, although recent data has emerged suggesting that intracellular C3 can also regulate basic cellular processes. Despite the growing interest in intracellular C3 functions, the mechanism behind its generation has not been demonstrated. In this study we show that C3 can be expressed from an alternative translational start site, resulting in C3 lacking the signal peptide, which is therefore translated in the cytosol. In contrast to the secreted form, alternatively translated cytosolic C3 is not glycosylated, is present mainly in a reduced state, and is turned over by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. C3 can also be retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, structurally resembling secreted C3. Finally, we demonstrate that intracellular cytosolic C3 can opsonize invasive Staphylococcus aureus within epithelial cell, slowing vacuolar escape as well as impacting bacterial survival on subsequent exposure to phagocytes. Our work therefore reveals the existence and origin of intracellular, cytosolic C3, and demonstrates functions for cytosolic C3 in intracellular detection of cytoinvasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Kremlitzka
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucie Colineau
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alicja A Nowacka
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida C Mohlin
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Wozniak
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ben C King
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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30
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Dutta K, Friscic J, Hoffmann MH. Targeting the tissue-complosome for curbing inflammatory disease. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101644. [PMID: 35902311 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivated local tissue is a cardinal feature of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of various organs such as the joints, the gut, the skin, or the lungs. Tissue-resident structural and stromal cells, which get primed during repeated or long-lasting bouts of inflammation form the basis of this sensitization of the tissue. During priming, cells change their metabolism to make them fit for the heightened energy demands that occur during persistent inflammation. Epigenetic changes and, curiously, an activation of intracellularly expressed parts of the complement system drive this metabolic invigoration and enable tissue-resident cells and infiltrating immune cells to employ an arsenal of inflammatory functions, including activation of inflammasomes. Here we provide a current overview on complement activation and inflammatory transformation in tissue-occupying cells, focusing on fibroblasts during arthritis, and illustrate ways how therapeutics directed at complement C3 could potentially target the complosome to unprime cells in the tissue and induce long-lasting abatement of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuheli Dutta
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jasna Friscic
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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31
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Abstract
Hyperactivation of the complement and coagulation systems is recognized as part of the clinical syndrome of COVID-19. Here we review systemic complement activation and local complement activation in response to the causative virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their currently known relationships to hyperinflammation and thrombosis. We also provide an update on early clinical findings and emerging clinical trial evidence that suggest potential therapeutic benefit of complement inhibition in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Marina Noris
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Italy.
- "Centro Anna Maria Astori", Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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32
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Sahu SK, Kulkarni DH, Ozanturk AN, Ma L, Kulkarni HS. Emerging roles of the complement system in host-pathogen interactions. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:390-402. [PMID: 34600784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complement system has historically been entertained as a fluid-phase, hepatically derived system which protects the intravascular space from encapsulated bacteria. However, there has been an increasing appreciation for its role in protection against non-encapsulated pathogens. Specifically, we have an improved understanding of how pathogens are recognized by specific complement proteins, as well as how they trigger and evade them. Additionally, we have an improved understanding of locally derived complement proteins, many of which promote host defense. Moreover, intracellular complement proteins have been identified that facilitate local protection and barrier function despite pathogen invasion. Our review aims to summarize these advances in the field as well as provide an insight into the pathophysiological changes occurring when the system is dysregulated in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya K Sahu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Devesha H Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ayse N Ozanturk
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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33
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Shinjyo N, Kagaya W, Pekna M. Interaction Between the Complement System and Infectious Agents - A Potential Mechanistic Link to Neurodegeneration and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:710390. [PMID: 34408631 PMCID: PMC8365172 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.710390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the innate immune system, complement plays a critical role in the elimination of pathogens and mobilization of cellular immune responses. In the central nervous system (CNS), many complement proteins are locally produced and regulate nervous system development and physiological processes such as neural plasticity. However, aberrant complement activation has been implicated in neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease. There is a growing list of pathogens that have been shown to interact with the complement system in the brain but the short- and long-term consequences of infection-induced complement activation for neuronal functioning are largely elusive. Available evidence suggests that the infection-induced complement activation could be protective or harmful, depending on the context. Here we summarize how various infectious agents, including bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus spp.), viruses (e.g., HIV and measles virus), fungi (e.g., Candida spp.), parasites (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.), and prion proteins activate and manipulate the complement system in the CNS. We also discuss the potential mechanisms by which the interaction between the infectious agents and the complement system can play a role in neurodegeneration and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Kagaya
- Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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34
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Pekna M, Pekny M. The Complement System: A Powerful Modulator and Effector of Astrocyte Function in the Healthy and Diseased Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071812. [PMID: 34359981 PMCID: PMC8303424 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an effector arm of the innate immune system that plays a critical role in tissue inflammation, the elimination of pathogens and the clearance of dead cells and cell debris, has emerged as a regulator of many processes in the central nervous system, including neural cell genesis and migration, control of synapse number and function, and modulation of glial cell responses. Complement dysfunction has also been put forward as a major contributor to neurological disease. Astrocytes are neuroectoderm-derived glial cells that maintain water and ionic homeostasis, and control cerebral blood flow and multiple aspects of neuronal functioning. By virtue of their expression of soluble as well as membrane-bound complement proteins and receptors, astrocytes are able to both send and receive complement-related signals. Here we review the current understanding of the multiple functions of the complement system in the central nervous system as they pertain to the modulation of astrocyte activity, and how astrocytes use the complement system to affect their environment in the healthy brain and in the context of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-786-3581
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
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35
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King BC, Blom AM. Complement in metabolic disease: metaflammation and a two-edged sword. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:829-841. [PMID: 34159399 PMCID: PMC8613079 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We are currently experiencing an enduring global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. It is now understood that chronic low-grade tissue inflammation plays an important role in metabolic disease, brought upon by increased uptake of a so-called Western diet, and a more sedentary lifestyle. Many evolutionarily conserved links exist between metabolism and the immune system, and an imbalance in this system induced by chronic over-nutrition has been termed 'metaflammation'. The complement system is an important and evolutionarily ancient part of innate immunity, but recent work has revealed that complement not only is involved in the recognition of pathogens and induction of inflammation, but also plays important roles in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Complement can therefore contribute both positively and negatively to metabolic control, depending on the nature and anatomical site of its activity. This review will therefore focus on the interactions of complement with mechanisms and tissues relevant for metabolic control, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C King
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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36
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De Sanctis JB, García AH, Moreno D, Hajduch M. Coronavirus infection: An immunologists' perspective. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13043. [PMID: 33783027 PMCID: PMC8250184 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus infections are frequent viral infections in several species. As soon as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) appeared in the early 2000s, most of the research focused on pulmonary disease. However, disorders in immune response and organ dysfunctions have been documented. Elderly individuals with comorbidities exhibit worse outcomes in all the coronavirus that cause SARS. Disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to severe inflammation and tissue injury, and effective immune response against the virus is still under analysis. ACE2 receptor expression and polymorphism, age, gender and immune genetics are factors that also play an essential role in patients' clinical features and immune responses and have been partially discussed. The present report aims to review the physiopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose new research topics to understand the complex mechanisms of viral infection and viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational MedicineFaculty of Medicine and DentistryPalacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
- Institute of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversidad Central de VenezuelaCaracasVenezuela
| | - Alexis Hipólito García
- Institute of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversidad Central de VenezuelaCaracasVenezuela
| | - Dolores Moreno
- Chair of General Pathology and PathophysiologyFaculty of MedicineCentral University of VenezuelaCaracasVenezuela
| | - Marián Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational MedicineFaculty of Medicine and DentistryPalacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
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37
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Shi F, He Y, Chen Y, Yin X, Sha X, Wang Y. Comparative Analysis of Multiple Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Advanced Epigenetic Aging Brain. Front Genet 2021; 12:657636. [PMID: 34093653 PMCID: PMC8173158 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are age-dependent and include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and so on. There have been numerous studies showing that accelerated aging is closely related (even the driver of) ND, thus promoting imbalances in cellular homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of how different ND types are related/triggered by advanced aging are still unclear. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the potential markers/mechanisms of different ND types based on aging acceleration at a system level. Methods: AD, PD, PSP, FTD, and aging markers were identified by supervised machine learning methods. The aging acceleration differential networks were constructed based on the aging score. Both the enrichment analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out to investigate both common and specific mechanisms among different ND types in the context of aging acceleration. Results: The extracellular fluid, cellular metabolisms, and inflammatory response were identified as the common driving factors of cellular homeostasis imbalances during the accelerated aging process. In addition, Ca ion imbalance, abnormal protein depositions, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic DNA in macrophages were also revealed to be special mechanisms that further promote AD, PD, PSP, and FTD, respectively. Conclusion: The accelerated epigenetic aging mechanisms of different ND types were integrated and compared through our computational pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feitong Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinman Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianzheng Sha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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38
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Kunz N, Kemper C. Complement Has Brains-Do Intracellular Complement and Immunometabolism Cooperate in Tissue Homeostasis and Behavior? Front Immunol 2021; 12:629986. [PMID: 33717157 PMCID: PMC7946832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical liver-derived and serum-effective complement system is well appreciated as a key mediator of host protection via instruction of innate and adaptive immunity. However, recent studies have discovered an intracellularly active complement system, the complosome, which has emerged as a central regulator of the core metabolic pathways fueling human immune cell activity. Induction of expression of components of the complosome, particularly complement component C3, during transmigration from the circulation into peripheral tissues is a defining characteristic of monocytes and T cells in tissues. Intracellular complement activity is required to induce metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, including increased glycolytic flux and OXPHOS, which drive the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. Consequently, reduced complosome activity translates into defects in normal monocyte activation, faulty Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and loss of protective tissue immunity. Intriguingly, neurological research has identified an unexpected connection between the physiological presence of innate and adaptive immune cells and certain cytokines, including IFN-γ, in and around the brain and normal brain function. In this opinion piece, we will first review the current state of research regarding complement driven metabolic reprogramming in the context of immune cell tissue entry and residency. We will then discuss how published work on the role of IFN-γ and T cells in the brain support a hypothesis that an evolutionarily conserved cooperation between the complosome, cell metabolism and IFN-γ regulates organismal behavior, as well as immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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39
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Smole U, Kratzer B, Pickl WF. Soluble pattern recognition molecules: Guardians and regulators of homeostasis at airway mucosal surfaces. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:624-642. [PMID: 32246830 PMCID: PMC7216992 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of homeostasis at body barriers that are constantly challenged by microbes, toxins and potentially bioactive (macro)molecules requires complex, highly orchestrated mechanisms of protection. Recent discoveries in respiratory research have shed light on the unprecedented role of airway epithelial cells (AEC), which, besides immune cells homing to the lung, also significantly contribute to host defence by expressing membrane‐bound and soluble pattern recognition receptors (sPRR). Recent evidence suggests that distinct, evolutionary ancient, sPRR secreted by AEC might become activated by usually innocuous proteins, commonly referred to as allergens. We here provide a systematic overview on sPRR detectable in the mucus lining of AEC. Some of them become actively produced and secreted by AECs (like the pentraxins C‐reactive protein and pentraxin 3; the collectins mannose binding protein and surfactant proteins A and D; H‐ficolin; serum amyloid A; and the complement components C3 and C5). Others are elaborated by innate and adaptive immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and T cells (like the pentraxins C‐reactive protein and pentraxin 3; L‐ficolin; serum amyloid A; and the complement components C3 and C5). Herein we discuss how sPRRs may contribute to homeostasis but sometimes also to overt disease (e.g. airway hyperreactivity and asthma) at the alveolar–air interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Smole
- Institute of ImmunologyCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of ImmunologyCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of ImmunologyCenter for PathophysiologyInfectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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40
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Rahman J, Singh P, Merle NS, Niyonzima N, Kemper C. Complement's favourite organelle-Mitochondria? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2771-2785. [PMID: 32840864 PMCID: PMC8359399 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, well known for its central role in innate immunity, is currently emerging as an unexpected, cell‐autonomous, orchestrator of normal cell physiology. Specifically, an intracellularly active complement system—the complosome—controls key pathways of normal cell metabolism during immune cell homeostasis and effector function. So far, we know little about the exact structure and localization of intracellular complement components within and among cells. A common scheme, however, is that they operate in crosstalk with other intracellular immune sensors, such as inflammasomes, and that they impact on the activity of key subcellular compartments. Among cell compartments, mitochondria appear to have built a particularly early and strong relationship with the complosome and extracellularly active complement—not surprising in view of the strong impact of the complosome on metabolism. In this review, we will hence summarize the current knowledge about the close complosome–mitochondria relationship and also discuss key questions surrounding this novel research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubayer Rahman
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parul Singh
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas S Merle
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Schäfer N, Wolf HN, Enzbrenner A, Schikora J, Reichenthaler M, Enzmann V, Pauly D. Properdin Modulates Complement Component Production in Stressed Human Primary Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090793. [PMID: 32859013 PMCID: PMC7555107 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains visual function and preserves structural integrity of the retina. Chronic dysfunction of the RPE is associated with retinal degeneration, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The AMD pathogenesis includes both increased oxidative stress and complement dysregulation. Physiological sources of oxidative stress in the retina are well known, while complement sources and regulation are still under debate. Using human primary RPE (hpRPE) cells, we have established a model to investigate complement component expression on transcript and protein level in AMD-risk and non-risk hpRPE cells. We evaluated the effect of properdin, a complement stabilizer, on the hpRPE cell-dependent complement profile exposed to oxidative stress. hpRPE cells expressed complement components, receptors and regulators. Complement proteins were also stored and secreted by hpRPE cells. We associated AMD-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms with an increased secretion of complement factors D (CFD) and I (CFI). Furthermore, we detected hpRPE cell-associated complement activation products (C3a, C5a) independent of any extracellularly added complement system. Exogenous properdin increased the mRNA expression of CFI and CFD, but decreased levels of complement components (C1Q, C3), receptors (C3AR, C5AR1, CD11B) and inflammation-associated transcripts (NLRP3, IL1B) in hpRPE cells exposed to oxidative stress. This properdin effect was time-dependently counter regulated. In conclusion, our data unveiled a local, genotype-associated complement component production in hpRPE cells, regulated by exogenous properdin. The local complement production and activation via blood-independent mechanisms can be a new therapeutic target for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schäfer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.S.); (H.N.W.); (A.E.); (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Hannah N. Wolf
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.S.); (H.N.W.); (A.E.); (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Anne Enzbrenner
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.S.); (H.N.W.); (A.E.); (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Juliane Schikora
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.S.); (H.N.W.); (A.E.); (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Reichenthaler
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.S.); (H.N.W.); (A.E.); (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana Pauly
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (N.S.); (H.N.W.); (A.E.); (J.S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Java A, Apicelli AJ, Liszewski MK, Coler-Reilly A, Atkinson JP, Kim AH, Kulkarni HS. The complement system in COVID-19: friend and foe? JCI Insight 2020; 5:140711. [PMID: 32554923 PMCID: PMC7455060 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a global pandemic and a disruptive health crisis. COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality have been attributed to an exaggerated immune response. The role of complement activation and its contribution to illness severity is being increasingly recognized. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the interaction of coronaviruses with the complement system. We posit that (a) coronaviruses activate multiple complement pathways; (b) severe COVID-19 clinical features often resemble complementopathies; (c) the combined effects of complement activation, dysregulated neutrophilia, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be intertwined to drive the severe features of COVID-19; (d) a subset of patients with COVID-19 may have a genetic predisposition associated with complement dysregulation; and (e) these observations create a basis for clinical trials of complement inhibitors in life-threatening illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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43
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King BC, Kulak K, Colineau L, Blom AM. Outside in: Roles of complement in autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2786-2801. [PMID: 32621514 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a well-characterized cascade of extracellular serum proteins that is activated by pathogens and unwanted waste material. Products of activated complement signal to the host cells via cell surface receptors, eliciting responses such as removal of the stimulus by phagocytosis. The complement system therefore functions as a warning system, resulting in removal of unwanted material. This review describes how extracellular activation of the complement system can also trigger autophagic responses within cells, up-regulating protective homeostatic autophagy in response to perceived stress, but also initiating targeted anti-microbial autophagy in order to kill intracellular cytoinvasive pathogens. In particular, we will focus on recent discoveries that indicate that complement may also have roles in detection and autophagy-mediated disposal of unwanted materials within the intracellular environment. We therefore summarize the current evidence for complement involvement in autophagy, both by transducing signals across the cell membrane, as well as roles within the cellular environment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non-canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klaudia Kulak
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucie Colineau
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Bain W, Li H, van der Geest R, Moore SR, Olonisakin TF, Ahn B, Papke E, Moghbeli K, DeSensi R, Rapport S, Saul M, Hulver M, Xiong Z, Mallampalli RK, Ray P, Morris A, Ma L, Doi Y, Zhang Y, Kitsios GD, Kulkarni HS, McVerry BJ, Ferreira VP, Nouraie M, Lee JS. Increased Alternative Complement Pathway Function and Improved Survival during Critical Illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:230-240. [PMID: 32374177 PMCID: PMC7365364 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201910-2083oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Complement is crucial for host defense but may also drive dysregulated inflammation. There is limited understanding of alternative complement function, which can amplify all complement activity, during critical illness.Objectives: We examined the function and key components of the alternative complement pathway in a series of critically ill patients and in a mouse pneumonia model.Methods: Total classical (CH50) and alternative complement (AH50) function were quantified in serum from 321 prospectively enrolled critically ill patients and compared with clinical outcomes. Alternative pathway (AP) regulatory factors were quantified by ELISA (n = 181) and examined via transcriptomics data from external cohorts. Wild-type, Cfb-/-, and C3-/- mice were infected intratracheally with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and assessed for extrapulmonary dissemination.Measurements and Main Results: AH50 greater than or equal to median, but not CH50 greater than or equal to median, was associated with decreased 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.91]), independent of chronic liver disease. One-year survival was improved in patients with AH50 greater than or equal to median (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.59 [95% CI, 0.41-0.87]). Patients with elevated AH50 had increased levels of AP factors B, H, and properdin, and fewer showed a "hyperinflammatory" subphenotype (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.18-0.49]). Increased expression of proximal AP genes was associated with improved survival in two external cohorts. AH50 greater than or equal to median was associated with fewer bloodstream infections (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.45-0.98). Conversely, depletion of AP factors, or AH50 less than median, impaired in vitro serum control of KP that was restored by adding healthy serum. Cfb-/- mice demonstrated increased extrapulmonary dissemination and serum inflammatory markers after intratracheal KP infection compared with wild type.Conclusions: Elevated AP function is associated with improved survival during critical illness, possibly because of enhanced immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bain
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Veterans Health Administration Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rick van der Geest
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Sara R. Moore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Tolani F. Olonisakin
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Brian Ahn
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Erin Papke
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kaveh Moghbeli
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rebecca DeSensi
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Sarah Rapport
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Melissa Saul
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mei Hulver
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Prabir Ray
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Alison Morris
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Viviana P. Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Trakkides TO, Schäfer N, Reichenthaler M, Kühn K, Brandwijk RJMGE, Toonen EJM, Urban F, Wegener J, Enzmann V, Pauly D. Oxidative Stress Increases Endogenous Complement-Dependent Inflammatory and Angiogenic Responses in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Independently of Exogenous Complement Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110548. [PMID: 31766295 PMCID: PMC6928869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and chronic inflammation have been suggested as major contributors to a range of retinal diseases. Here, we examined the effects of oxidative stress on endogenous complement components and proinflammatory and angiogenic responses in RPE cells. ARPE-19 cells exposed for 1–48 h to H2O2 had reduced cell–cell contact and increased markers for epithelial–mesenchymal transition but showed insignificant cell death. Stressed ARPE-19 cells increased the expression of complement receptors CR3 (subunit CD11b) and C5aR1. CD11b was colocalized with cell-derived complement protein C3, which was present in its activated form in ARPE-19 cells. C3, as well as its regulators complement factor H (CFH) and properdin, accumulated in the ARPE-19 cells after oxidative stress independently of external complement sources. This cell-associated complement accumulation was accompanied by increased nlrp3 and foxp3 expression and the subsequently enhanced secretion of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors. The complement-associated ARPE-19 reaction to oxidative stress, which was independent of exogenous complement sources, was further augmented by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib. Our results indicate that ARPE-19 cell-derived complement proteins and receptors are involved in ARPE-19 cell homeostasis following oxidative stress and should be considered as targets for treatment development for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon-Orest Trakkides
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Maria Reichenthaler
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstanze Kühn
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Erik J. M. Toonen
- R&D Department, Hycult Biotech, 5405 PD Uden, The Netherlands; (R.J.M.G.E.B.); (E.J.M.T.)
| | - Florian Urban
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.U.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.U.); (J.W.)
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Diana Pauly
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Eye clinic, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.-O.T.); (N.S.); (M.R.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-9228
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46
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Sasse SK, Gruca M, Allen MA, Kadiyala V, Song T, Gally F, Gupta A, Pufall MA, Dowell RD, Gerber AN. Nascent transcript analysis of glucocorticoid crosstalk with TNF defines primary and cooperative inflammatory repression. Genome Res 2019; 29:1753-1765. [PMID: 31519741 PMCID: PMC6836729 DOI: 10.1101/gr.248187.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1, also known as GR) binds to specific DNA sequences and directly induces transcription of anti-inflammatory genes that contribute to cytokine repression, frequently in cooperation with NF-kB. Whether inflammatory repression also occurs through local interactions between GR and inflammatory gene regulatory elements has been controversial. Here, using global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) in human airway epithelial cells, we show that glucocorticoid signaling represses transcription within 10 min. Many repressed regulatory regions reside within “hyper-ChIPable” genomic regions that are subject to dynamic, yet nonspecific, interactions with some antibodies. When this artifact was accounted for, we determined that transcriptional repression does not require local GR occupancy. Instead, widespread transcriptional induction through canonical GR binding sites is associated with reciprocal repression of distal TNF-regulated enhancers through a chromatin-dependent process, as evidenced by chromatin accessibility and motif displacement analysis. Simultaneously, transcriptional induction of key anti-inflammatory effectors is decoupled from primary repression through cooperation between GR and NF-kB at a subset of regulatory regions. Thus, glucocorticoids exert bimodal restraints on inflammation characterized by rapid primary transcriptional repression without local GR occupancy and secondary anti-inflammatory effects resulting from transcriptional cooperation between GR and NF-kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Margaret Gruca
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Vineela Kadiyala
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Tengyao Song
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Fabienne Gally
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Arnav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Miles A Pufall
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.,Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Kim AHJ, Strand V, Atkinson JP. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1590-1592. [PMID: 31074940 DOI: 10.1002/art.40923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred H J Kim
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Vibeke Strand
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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48
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Elvington M, Liszewski MK, Liszewski AR, Kulkarni HS, Hachem RR, Mohanakumar T, Kim AHJ, Atkinson JP. Development and Optimization of an ELISA to Quantitate C3(H 2 O) as a Marker of Human Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:703. [PMID: 31019515 PMCID: PMC6458276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of a C3(H2O) uptake pathway has led to renewed interest in this alternative pathway triggering form of C3 in human biospecimens. Previously, a quantifiable method to measure C3(H2O), not confounded by other complement activation products, was unavailable. Herein, we describe a sensitive and specific ELISA for C3(H2O). We initially utilized this assay to determine baseline C3(H2O) levels in healthy human fluids and to define optimal sample storage and handling conditions. We detected ~500 ng/ml of C3(H2O) in fresh serum and plasma, a value substantially lower than what was predicted based on previous studies with purified C3 preparations. After a single freeze-thaw cycle, the C3(H2O) concentration increased 3- to 4-fold (~2,000 ng/ml). Subsequent freeze-thaw cycles had a lesser impact on C3(H2O) generation. Further, we found that storage of human sera or plasma samples at 4°C for up to 22 h did not generate additional C3(H2O). To determine the potential use of C3(H2O) as a biomarker, we evaluated specimens from patients with inflammatory-driven diseases. C3(H2O) concentrations were moderately increased (1.5- to 2-fold) at baseline in sera from active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to healthy controls. In addition, upon challenge with multiple freeze-thaw cycles or incubation at 22 or 37°C, C3(H2O) generation was significantly enhanced in SLE and RA patients' sera. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung-transplant recipients, we noted a substantial increase in C3(H2O) within 3 months of acute antibody-mediated rejection. In conclusion, we have established an ELISA for assessing C3(H2O) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Elvington
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - M Kathryn Liszewski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alexis R Liszewski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ramsey R Hachem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Alfred H J Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - John P Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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