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Song Y, Lou L, Zhang K. A review of the clinical characteristics and management of immunosuppressed patients living with HIV or solid organ transplants infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1327093. [PMID: 38454994 PMCID: PMC10917969 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron strain was first detected in South Africa in November 2021. Although clinical responses to SARS-CoV-2 depend on host immunity, it remains uncertain how immunosuppression affects subsequent coronavirus disease 2019-related (COVID-19-related) incidence, severity, and mortality, especially with respect to the omicron strain. Conversely, immunosuppressants are often thought to predispose to infection. To explore the associations between host immunity and infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants, here we discuss two groups of immunosuppressed patients: organ transplant recipients, who generally receive exogenous immunosuppressants, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected patients, who often have disease-related immunosuppression. In summarizing the clinical features and prognoses of HIV-infected patients and human organ transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants, we provide new insights into the pathogenesis of omicron SARS-CoV-2 and provide a framework for the management of these patients now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Lixin Lou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Höft MA, Burgers WA, Riou C. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:184-196. [PMID: 37821620 PMCID: PMC10806256 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with HIV (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression, immune reconstitution, and viral control. While COVID-19 in those with well-controlled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals, people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH, though reduced vaccine efficacy, breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in PWH. This is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination. People with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants, but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively clear persistent infection. COVID-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. We recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in areas with a high HIV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A Höft
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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3
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Søndergaard MH, Thavarajah JJ, Churchill Henson H, Wejse CM. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med 2024; 25:16-37. [PMID: 37731375 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous publications on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) have reported inconsistent results. Additionally, a meta-analysis investigating the immunogenicity in PLWH after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose is lacking. In this article we aim to provide a systematic review and a meta-analysis studying the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PLWH and to identify potential drivers for antibody response in PLWH. METHODS We used three databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to conduct our review. Studies with information on numbers of PLWH producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or neutralizing antibodies were included. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 59 studies and illustrated a pooled serological response of 87.09% in the 10 343 PLWH after they received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. High CD4 T-cell counts and low viral load indicated that the study populations had HIV that was well treated, despite varying in location. The pooled effect increased to 91.62% for 8053 PLWH when excluding studies that used inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac). For the third vaccine dose, the pooled effect was 92.35% for 1974 PLWH. Additionally, weighted linear regression models demonstrated weak relationships between CD4 T-cell count, percentages of people with undetectable HIV load, and age compared with the percentages of PLWH producing a serological response. However, more research is needed to determine the effect of those factors on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccines show a favourable effect on immunogenicity in PLWH. However, the results are not ideal. This meta-analysis suggests that a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose and good HIV treatment procedures are vital to induce a good immunogenicity in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Morberg Wejse
- GloHAU, Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Region Midtjylland, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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4
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Ulaszewska M, Merelie S, Sebastian S, Lambe T. Preclinical immunogenicity of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine for herpes zoster. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2175558. [PMID: 36785938 PMCID: PMC10026912 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2175558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) results from waning immunity following childhood infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) but is preventable by vaccination with recombinant HZ vaccine or live HZ vaccine (two doses or one dose, respectively). Vaccine efficacy declines with age, live HZ vaccine is contraindicated in immunosuppressed individuals, and severe local reactogenicity of recombinant HZ vaccine is seen in up to 20% of older adults, indicating a potential need for new vaccines. Nonreplicating chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) vectors combine potent immunogenicity with well-established reactogenicity and safety profiles. We evaluated the cellular and humoral immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 encoding VZV envelope glycoprotein E (ChAdOx1-VZVgE) in mice using IFN-γ ELISpot, flow cytometry with intracellular cytokine staining, and ELISA. In outbred CD-1 mice, one dose of ChAdOx1-VZVgE (1 × 107 infectious units) elicited higher gE-specific T cell responses than two doses of recombinant HZ vaccine (1 µg) or one dose of live HZ vaccine (1.3 × 103 plaque-forming units). Antibody responses were higher with two doses of recombinant HZ vaccine than with two doses of ChAdOx1-VZVgE or one dose of live HZ vaccine. ChAdOx1-VZVgE boosted T cell and antibody responses following live HZ vaccine priming. The frequencies of polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing more than one cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2) were higher with ChAdOx1-VZVgE than with the conventional vaccines. Results were similar in young and aged BALB/c mice. These findings support the clinical development of ChAdOx1-VZVgE for prevention of HZ in adults aged 50 years or over, including those who have already received conventional vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ulaszewska
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Merelie
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Vergori A, Cozzi-Lepri A, Matusali G, Cicalini S, Bordoni V, Meschi S, Mazzotta V, Colavita F, Fusto M, Cimini E, Notari S, D’Aquila V, Lanini S, Lapa D, Gagliardini R, Mariotti D, Giannico G, Girardi E, Vaia F, Agrati C, Maggi F, Antinori A. Long Term Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenicity after mRNA Vaccine in Persons Living with HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1739. [PMID: 38140145 PMCID: PMC10747871 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Waning of neutralizing and cell-mediated immune response after the primary vaccine cycle (PVC) and the first booster dose (BD) is of concern, especially for PLWH with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3. (2) Methods: Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) titers by microneutralization assay against WD614G/Omicron BA.1 and IFNγ production by ELISA assay were measured in samples of PLWH at four time points [2 and 4 months post-PVC (T1 and T2), 2 weeks and 5 months after the BD (T3 and T4)]. Participants were stratified by CD4 count after PVC (LCD4, ≤200/mm3; ICD4, 201-500/mm3, and HCD4, >500/mm3). Mixed models were used to compare mean responses over T1-T4 across CD4 groups. (3) Results: 314 PLWH on ART (LCD4 = 56; ICD4 = 120; HCD4 = 138) were enrolled. At T2, levels of nAbs were significantly lower in LCD4 vs. ICD4/HCD4 (p = 0.04). The BD was crucial for increasing nAbs titers above 1:40 at T3 and up to T4 for WD614G. A positive T cell response after PVC was observed in all groups, regardless of CD4 (p = 0.31). (4) Conclusions: Waning of nAbs after PVC was more important in LCD4 group. The BD managed to re-establish higher levels of nAbs against WD614G, which were retained for 5 months, but for shorter time for Omicron BA.1. The T cellular response in the LCD4 group was lower than that seen in participants with higher CD4 count, but, importantly, it remained above detectable levels over the entire study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vergori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute of Global Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefania Cicalini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Unit of Pathogen Specific Immunity, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (C.A.)
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesca Colavita
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Marisa Fusto
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Stefania Notari
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Veronica D’Aquila
- Department of System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simone Lanini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Roberta Gagliardini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppina Giannico
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Vaia
- General Directorate of Prevention, Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Unit of Pathogen Specific Immunity, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (C.A.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Andrea Antinori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.); (V.M.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (R.G.); (G.G.); (A.A.)
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6
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N’Guessan A, Kailasam S, Mostefai F, Poujol R, Grenier JC, Ismailova N, Contini P, De Palma R, Haber C, Stadler V, Bourque G, Hussin JG, Shapiro BJ, Fritz JH, Piccirillo CA. Selection for immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 revealed by high-resolution epitope mapping and sequence analysis. iScience 2023; 26:107394. [PMID: 37599818 PMCID: PMC10433132 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we exploit a deep serological profiling strategy coupled with an integrated, computational framework for the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses. Applying a high-density peptide array (HDPA) spanning the entire proteomes of SARS-CoV-2 and endemic human coronaviruses allowed identification of B cell epitopes and relate them to their evolutionary and structural properties. We identify hotspots of pre-existing immunity and identify cross-reactive epitopes that contribute to increasing the overall humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Using a public dataset of over 38,000 viral genomes from the early phase of the pandemic, capturing both inter- and within-host genetic viral diversity, we determined the evolutionary profile of epitopes and the differences across proteins, waves, and SARS-CoV-2 variants. Lastly, we show that mutations in spike and nucleocapsid epitopes are under stronger selection between than within patients, suggesting that most of the selective pressure for immune evasion occurs upon transmission between hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud N’Guessan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Senthilkumar Kailasam
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine (DIgM), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fatima Mostefai
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaël Poujol
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nailya Ismailova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine (DIgM), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS IST-Ospedale San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS IST-Ospedale San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Guillaume Bourque
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine (DIgM), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie G. Hussin
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - B. Jesse Shapiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine (DIgM), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine (DIgM), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program of the Research Institute of McGill Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine (DIgM), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Murray SM, Ansari AM, Frater J, Klenerman P, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Ogbe A. The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:304-316. [PMID: 36539527 PMCID: PMC9765363 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by several studies. In particular, regions of high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and common cold coronaviruses have been highlighted as a likely source of this cross-reactivity. However, the role of such cross-reactive responses in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is currently unclear. Here, we review evidence regarding the impact of pre-existing humoral and T cell immune responses to outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of conserved coronavirus epitopes for the rational design of pan-coronavirus vaccines and consider cross-reactivity of immune responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as their impact on COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Murray
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Azim M Ansari
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ane Ogbe
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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8
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Lapointe HR, Mwimanzi F, Cheung PK, Sang Y, Yaseen F, Umviligihozo G, Kalikawe R, Speckmaier S, Moran-Garcia N, Datwani S, Duncan MC, Agafitei O, Ennis S, Young L, Ali H, Ganase B, Omondi FH, Dong W, Toy J, Sereda P, Burns L, Costiniuk CT, Cooper C, Anis AH, Leung V, Holmes DT, DeMarco ML, Simons J, Hedgcock M, Prystajecky N, Lowe CF, Pantophlet R, Romney MG, Barrios R, Guillemi S, Brumme CJ, Montaner JSG, Hull M, Harris M, Niikura M, Brockman MA, Brumme ZL. People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Show Typical Antibody Durability After Dual Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination and Strong Third Dose Responses. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:838-849. [PMID: 35668700 PMCID: PMC9214159 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longer-term humoral responses to 2-dose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines remain incompletely characterized in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), as do initial responses to a third dose. METHODS We measured antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) displacement, and viral neutralization against wild-type and Omicron strains up to 6 months after 2-dose vaccination, and 1 month after the third dose, in 99 PLWH receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy and 152 controls. RESULTS Although humoral responses naturally decline after 2-dose vaccination, we found no evidence of lower antibody concentrations or faster rates of antibody decline in PLWH compared with controls after accounting for sociodemographic, health, and vaccine-related factors. We also found no evidence of poorer viral neutralization in PLWH after 2 doses, nor evidence that a low nadir CD4+ T-cell count compromised responses. Post-third-dose humoral responses substantially exceeded post-second-dose levels, though Omicron-specific responses were consistently weaker than responses against wild-type virus. Nevertheless, post-third-dose responses in PLWH were comparable to or higher than controls. An mRNA-1273 third dose was the strongest consistent correlate of higher post-third-dose responses. CONCLUSION PLWH receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy mount strong antibody responses after 2- and 3-dose COVID-19 vaccination. Results underscore the immune benefits of third doses in light of Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope R Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter K Cheung
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gisele Umviligihozo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Speckmaier
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadia Moran-Garcia
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sneha Datwani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maggie C Duncan
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Agafitei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Siobhan Ennis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Landon Young
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hesham Ali
- John Ruedy Clinic, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce Ganase
- AIDS Research Program, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Harrison Omondi
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Winnie Dong
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Junine Toy
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Sereda
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Burns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecilia T Costiniuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Curtis Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aslam H Anis
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel T Holmes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Natalie Prystajecky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher F Lowe
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc G Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rolando Barrios
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Silvia Guillemi
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chanson J Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julio S G Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Masahiro Niikura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark A Brockman
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, Marchetti G. Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:51-75. [PMID: 36680700 PMCID: PMC9860243 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 have been the major pandemics overwhelming our times. Given the enduring immune disfunction featuring people living with HIV (PLWH) despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), concerns for higher incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as for suboptimal responses to the newly developed vaccines in this population arose early during the pandemics. Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between HIV and SARS-CoV-2, with a special focus on the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, current literature shows that COVID-19 severity and outcomes may be worse and immune responses to infection or vaccination lower in PLWH with poor CD4 + T-cell counts and/or uncontrolled HIV viremia. Data regarding the risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) among PLWH are extremely scarce, yet they seem to suggest a higher incidence of such condition. Scarce immunovirological control appears to be the major driver of weak immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination and worse COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH. Therefore, such individuals should be prioritized for vaccination and should receive additional vaccine doses. Furthermore, given the potentially higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, PLWH who experienced COVID-19 should be ensured a more careful and prolonged follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rovito
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Smith M, Kwatra G, Izu A, Nel A, Cutland C, Ahmed K, Baillie V, Barnabas S, Bhorat Q, Briner C, Lazarus E, Dheda K, Fairlie L, Koen A, Madhi S, Blackburn JM. Longitudinal IgA and IgG Response, and ACE2 Binding Blockade, to Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants in a Population of Black PLWH Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020448. [PMID: 36851662 PMCID: PMC9965153 DOI: 10.3390/v15020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been pivotal in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic yet understanding the subsequent outcomes and immunological effects remain crucial, especially for at-risk groups e.g., people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). In this study we report the longitudinal IgA and IgG antibody titers, as well as antibody-mediated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding blockade, against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins after 1 and 2 doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a population of Black PLWH. Here, we report that PLWH (N = 103) did not produce an anti-S IgA response after infection or vaccination, however, anti-S IgG was detected in response to vaccination and infection, with the highest level detected for infected vaccinated participants. The anti-IgG and ACE2 blockade assays revealed that both vaccination and infection resulted in IgG production, however, only vaccination resulted in a moderate increase in ACE2 binding blockade to the ancestral S protein. Vaccination with a previous infection results in the greatest anti-S IgG and ACE2 blockade for the ancestral S protein. In conclusion, PLWH produce an anti-S IgG response to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and/or infection, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination with a previous infection produced more neutralizing antibodies than vaccination alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneerah Smith
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (Wits-VIDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632001, India
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Alane Izu
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (Wits-VIDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Andrew Nel
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Clare Cutland
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Khatja Ahmed
- Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane 0182, South Africa
| | - Vicky Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (Wits-VIDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Shaun Barnabas
- Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Qasim Bhorat
- Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Soweto 6201, South Africa
| | - Carmen Briner
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Erica Lazarus
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Lee Fairlie
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Anthonet Koen
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (Wits-VIDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Shabir Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (Wits-VIDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Reeg DB, Hofmann M, Neumann-Haefelin C, Thimme R, Luxenburger H. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses in Immunocompromised Individuals with Cancer, HIV or Solid Organ Transplants. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020244. [PMID: 36839516 PMCID: PMC9966413 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses play an important role in the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. While evaluations of the virus-specific defense often focus on the humoral response, cellular immunity is crucial for the successful control of infection, with the early development of cytotoxic T cells being linked to efficient viral clearance. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and permits protection from severe COVID-19, including infection with the currently circulating variants of concern. Nevertheless, in immunocompromised individuals, first data imply significantly impaired SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses after both natural infection and vaccination. Hence, these high-risk groups require particular consideration, not only in routine clinical practice, but also in the development of future vaccination strategies. In order to assist physicians in the guidance of immunocompromised patients, concerning the management of infection or the benefit of (booster) vaccinations, this review aims to provide a concise overview of the current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune responses in the vulnerable cohorts of cancer patients, people living with HIV (PLWH), and solid organ transplant recipients (SOT). Recent findings regarding the virus-specific cellular immunity in these differently immunocompromised populations might influence clinical decision-making in the future.
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12
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Touizer E, Alrubayyi A, Ford R, Hussain N, Gerber PP, Shum HL, Rees-Spear C, Muir L, Gea-Mallorquí E, Kopycinski J, Jankovic D, Jeffery-Smith A, Pinder CL, Fox TA, Williams I, Mullender C, Maan I, Waters L, Johnson M, Madge S, Youle M, Barber TJ, Burns F, Kinloch S, Rowland-Jones S, Gilson R, Matheson NJ, Morris E, Peppa D, McCoy LE. Attenuated humoral responses in HIV after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination linked to B cell defects and altered immune profiles. iScience 2023; 26:105862. [PMID: 36590902 PMCID: PMC9788849 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed a cohort of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) (n = 110) and HIV negative controls (n = 64) after 1, 2 or 3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. At all timepoints, PLWH had significantly lower neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers than HIV-negative controls. We also observed a delayed development of neutralization in PLWH that was underpinned by a reduced frequency of spike-specific memory B cells (MBCs). Improved neutralization breadth was seen against the Omicron variant (BA.1) after the third vaccine dose in PLWH but lower nAb responses persisted and were associated with global MBC dysfunction. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induced robust T cell responses that cross-recognized variants in PLWH. Strikingly, individuals with low or absent neutralization had detectable functional T cell responses. These PLWH had reduced numbers of circulating T follicular helper cells and an enriched population of CXCR3+CD127+CD8+T cells after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Touizer
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosemarie Ford
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Noshin Hussain
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hiu-Long Shum
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Muir
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jakub Kopycinski
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dylan Jankovic
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Jeffery-Smith
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher L. Pinder
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Fox
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Williams
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Mullender
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Irfaan Maan
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Waters
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Margaret Johnson
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sara Madge
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Youle
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tristan J. Barber
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona Burns
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sabine Kinloch
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Richard Gilson
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Morris
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura E. McCoy
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Fidler S, Fox J, Tipoe T, Longet S, Tipton T, Abeywickrema M, Adele S, Alagaratnam J, Ali M, Aley PK, Aslam S, Balasubramanian A, Bara A, Bawa T, Brown A, Brown H, Cappuccini F, Davies S, Fowler J, Godfrey L, Goodman AL, Hilario K, Hackstein CP, Mathew M, Mujadidi YF, Packham A, Petersen C, Plested E, Pollock KM, Ramasamy MN, Robinson H, Robinson N, Rongkard P, Sanders H, Serafimova T, Spence N, Waters A, Woods D, Zacharopoulou P, Barnes E, Dunachie S, Goulder P, Klenerman P, Winston A, Hill AVS, Gilbert SC, Carroll M, Pollard AJ, Lambe T, Ogbe A, Frater J. Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Induces Potent Immune Responses in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:201-209. [PMID: 36196614 PMCID: PMC9619587 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with good CD4 T-cell counts make effective immune responses following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are few data on longer term responses and the impact of a booster dose. METHODS Adults with HIV were enrolled into a single arm open label study. Two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were followed 12 months later by a third heterologous vaccine dose. Participants had undetectable viraemia on ART and CD4 counts >350 cells/µL. Immune responses to the ancestral strain and variants of concern were measured by anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MesoScale Discovery (MSD) anti-spike platform, ACE-2 inhibition, activation induced marker (AIM) assay, and T-cell proliferation. FINDINGS In total, 54 participants received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. 43 received a third dose (42 with BNT162b2; 1 with mRNA-1273) 1 year after the first dose. After the third dose, total anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers (MSD), ACE-2 inhibition, and IgG ELISA results were significantly higher compared to Day 182 titers (P < .0001 for all 3). SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cell responses measured by AIM against SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 peptide pools were significantly increased after a third vaccine compared to 6 months after a first dose, with significant increases in proliferative CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 after boosting. Responses to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants were boosted, although to a lesser extent for Omicron. CONCLUSIONS In PWH receiving a third vaccine dose, there were significant increases in B- and T-cell immunity, including to known variants of concern (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fox
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas’ Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Tipoe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Tipton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Movin Abeywickrema
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Adele
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmini Alagaratnam
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Suhail Aslam
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anbhu Balasubramanian
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Bara
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanveer Bawa
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Brown
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Cappuccini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Davies
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Fowler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Godfrey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L Goodman
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrine Hilario
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Moncy Mathew
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yama F Mujadidi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Packham
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Petersen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Plested
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina M Pollock
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maheshi N Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Robinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patpong Rongkard
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Sanders
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teona Serafimova
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh Spence
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anele Waters
- Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Woods
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiota Zacharopoulou
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Philip Goulder
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Winston
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Carroll
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Ogbe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Manni S, Ruetsch C, Fabre R, Ticchioni M, Graça D, Pradier C, Seitz-Polski B, Lotte L, Brglez V, Vassallo M. Immune response to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients living with HIV: The COVIH-DAPT study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1136723. [PMID: 36949938 PMCID: PMC10025349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data on immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients living with HIV (PLWH) over a period longer than 3 months are currently limited. We measured the immune response after BNT162b2 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in this population. Methods We prospectively enrolled PLWH on successful antiretroviral therapy, initiating vaccination with two doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered at six-week interval. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular responses and lymphocyte cell subsets were recorded at inclusion and 6 weeks (W6), 3 months (M3) and 6 months (M6) later. Humoral, humoral strong and cellular responders were defined by IgG titers >10, ≥264BAU/mL and IFN-γ T cell release, respectively. Results Nineteen subjects without SARS-CoV-2 infection were included (74% men, mean age 51 years, CD4 nadir 399/mm3). All subjects were humoral responders, their antibody titer peak reached at M3. Strong responders' rates were 63% and 21% at M3 and M6, respectively. CD19+CD10+ B cells had increased significantly at W6 then decreased at M3, while CD19+CD27+ B cells remained unchanged. Rates of patients with a cellular response increased from 39% at W6 to 69% at M6. Cellular responders had significantly higher CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ Effector Memory cells at inclusion (p=0.048, p=0.024, p=0.012, respectively) and CD4+ Terminally Differentiated Effector Memory cells at M3 (p=0.044). Discussion PLWH have a robust immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but a rapid decline in humoral response from 3 months onwards, due to a blunted memory B cell response. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets may help identify optimal times for vaccine boosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cannes General Hospital, Cannes, France
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Matteo Vassallo,
| | - Caroline Ruetsch
- Immunology Department, Nice University Hospital, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Roxane Fabre
- Public Health Department, Nice University Hospital, Côte d'Azur Université, Nice, France
| | - Michel Ticchioni
- Immunology Department, Nice University Hospital, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Daisy Graça
- Immunology Department, Nice University Hospital, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur (UR2CA), Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Christian Pradier
- Public Health Department, Nice University Hospital, Côte d'Azur Université, Nice, France
| | - Barbara Seitz-Polski
- Immunology Department, Nice University Hospital, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur (UR2CA), Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Laurene Lotte
- Multipurpose Laboratory, Cannes General Hospital, Cannes, France
| | - Vesna Brglez
- Immunology Department, Nice University Hospital, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur (UR2CA), Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Matteo Vassallo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cannes General Hospital, Cannes, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur (UR2CA), Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Matteo Vassallo,
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15
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Touizer E, Alrubbayi A, Ford R, Hussain N, Gerber PP, Shum HL, Rees-Spear C, Muir L, Gea-Mallorquí E, Kopycinski J, Jankovic D, Pinder C, Fox TA, Williams I, Mullender C, Maan I, Waters L, Johnson M, Madge S, Youle M, Barber T, Burns F, Kinloch S, Rowland-Jones S, Gilson R, Matheson NJ, Morris E, Peppa D, McCoy LE. Attenuated humoral responses in HIV infection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are linked to global B cell defects and cellular immune profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.11.11.516111. [PMID: 36380764 PMCID: PMC9665338 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.11.516111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) can have residual immune dysfunction and often display poorer responses to vaccination. We assessed in a cohort of PLWH (n=110) and HIV negative controls (n=64) the humoral and spike-specific B-cell responses following 1, 2 or 3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. PLWH had significantly lower neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers than HIV-negative controls at all studied timepoints. Moreover, their neutralization breadth was reduced with fewer individuals developing a neutralizing response against the Omicron variant (BA.1) relative to controls. We also observed a delayed development of neutralization in PLWH that was underpinned by a reduced frequency of spike-specific memory B cells (MBCs) and pronounced B cell dysfunction. Improved neutralization breadth was seen after the third vaccine dose in PLWH but lower nAb responses persisted and were associated with global, but not spike-specific, MBC dysfunction. In contrast to the inferior antibody responses, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induced robust T cell responses that cross-recognized variants in PLWH. Strikingly, a subset of PLWH with low or absent neutralization had detectable functional T cell responses. These individuals had reduced numbers of circulating T follicular helper cells and an enriched population of CXCR3 + CD127 + CD8 + T cells after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, which may compensate for sub-optimal serological responses in the event of infection. Therefore, normalisation of B cell homeostasis could improve serological responses to vaccines in PLWH and evaluating T cell immunity could provide a more comprehensive immune status profile in these individuals and others with B cell imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Touizer
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Aljawharah Alrubbayi
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Rosemarie Ford
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Noshin Hussain
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Hiu-Long Shum
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Luke Muir
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | | | | | - Dylan Jankovic
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Christopher Pinder
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Thomas A Fox
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Ian Williams
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Irfaan Maan
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - Laura Waters
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, UK
| | - Margaret Johnson
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | - Sara Madge
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | - Michael Youle
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | - Tristan Barber
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | - Fiona Burns
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | - Sabine Kinloch
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | | | - Richard Gilson
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Morris
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK
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16
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Chun HM, Milligan K, Agyemang E, Ford N, Rangaraj A, Desai S, Wilder-Smith A, Vitoria M, Zulu I. A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Responses in People With HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac579. [PMID: 36438620 PMCID: PMC9685180 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is a significant independent risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and death. We summarize COVID-19 vaccine responses in people with HIV (PWH). A systematic literature review of studies from January 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022, of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in PWH from multiple databases was performed. Twenty-eight studies from 12 countries were reviewed. While 22 (73%) studies reported high COVID-19 vaccine seroconversion rates in PWH, PWH with lower baseline CD4 counts, CD4/CD8 ratios, or higher baseline viral loads had lower seroconversion rates and immunologic titers. Data on vaccine-induced seroconversion in PWH are reassuring, but more research is needed to evaluate the durability of COVID-19 vaccine responses in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Chun
- Correspondence: H. M. Chun, MD, MPH, Division of Global HIV/TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, E04, Atlanta, GA 30329-4108 ()
| | - Kyle Milligan
- Division of Global HIV/TB, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,Peraton, Herndon, Virginia, USA
| | - Elfriede Agyemang
- Division of Global HIV/TB, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan Ford
- Global HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Rangaraj
- Global HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shalini Desai
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Vitoria
- Global HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Yin J, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang X. Immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124:212-223. [PMID: 36241168 PMCID: PMC9553964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Available data show that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in people living with HIV (PLWH) who are at increased risk for severe COVID-19. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH with healthy individuals. Methods Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Risk ratios of seroconversion were separately pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, and a systematic review without meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer levels was performed after the first and second doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Results A total of 22 studies with 6522 subjects met the inclusion criteria. After the first vaccine dose, seroconversion in PLWH was comparable to that in healthy individuals. After a second dose, seroconversion was slightly lower in PLWH compared with healthy controls, and antibody titers did not seem to be significantly affected or reduced among participants of both groups. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccines show favorable immunogenicity and efficacy in PLWH. A second dose is associated with consistently improved seroconversion, although it is slightly lower in PLWH than in healthy individuals. Additional strategies, such as a booster vaccination with messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccines, might improve seroprotection for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Institute of Evidence-based Medicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China,Corresponding authors
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18
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Facciolà A, D’Amato S, Calimeri S, Giudice DL, Micali C, Russotto Y, Venanzi Rullo E, Nunnari G, Squeri R, Pellicanò GF. Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV: A Public Health Fundamental Tool for the Protection of Patients and the Correct Management of Infection. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:784-793. [PMID: 36286201 PMCID: PMC9602118 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is considered a risk factor for increased mortality due to COVID-19. For this reason, it is essential to include this population in vaccination campaigns. Studies found that antibodies are lower in HIV+ patients than in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the immune response in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccination in order to evaluate the role played by the HIV infection in the efficacy of this vaccine. We carried out a cross-sectional study in the period April-September 2021, involving a cohort of PLWH and a cohort of HIV-uninfected people as the control group. The efficacy of vaccination was high in both groups despite a slight and not significant difference between them. However, important differences were found according to the intensity of the immune response. Specifically, while in the HIV+ group almost a quarter of people had a low response, it is important to remark that the control group had only a high or intermediate response after vaccination. Our results suggest the high efficacy of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in PLWH and the importance to vaccinate against COVID-19 in these patients in order to increase their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Smeralda D’Amato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Calimeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Micali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Russotto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Squeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and the Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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19
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Jin J, Wang X, Carapito R, Moog C, Su B. Advances in Research on COVID-19 Vaccination for People Living with HIV. INFECTIOUS DISEASES & IMMUNITY 2022; 2:213-218. [PMID: 37520898 PMCID: PMC9612416 DOI: 10.1097/id9.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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20
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Kang L, Shang W, Gao P, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu M. Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091569. [PMID: 36146647 PMCID: PMC9503586 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from 1 January 2020 to 28 April 2022 and included observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and non-randomized clinical trials reporting extractable data about the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH. RESULTS A total of 34 eligible studies covering 4517 PLWH were included. The pooled seroconversion rates among PLWH after the first and second doses were 67.51% (95% confident interval (CI) 49.09-85.93%) and 96.65% (95%CI 95.56-97.75%), respectively. The seroconversion was similar between PLWH and healthy controls after the first (risk ratio (RR) = 0.89, 95%CI 0.76-1.04) and the second (RR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.93-1.00) dose. Moreover, the geometric mean titer (GMT) showed no significant difference between PLWH and healthy controls after the first dose (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.30, 95%CI -1.11, 1.70) and the second dose (SMD = -0.06, 95%CI -0.18, 0.05). Additionally, the pooled incidence rates of total adverse events among PLWH after the first and the second dose were 46.55% (95%CI 28.29-64.82%) and 30.96% (95%CI 13.23-48.70%), respectively. There was no significant difference in risks of total adverse events between PLWH and healthy controls after the first (RR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.67-1.10) and the second (RR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.68-1.14) dose. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggested that the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH were acceptable. There was no significant difference in the seroconversion rates and incidence rates of adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines between PLWH and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-82805146
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21
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Bertoletti A, Le Bert N, Tan AT. Act Early and at the Right Location: SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Kinetics and Tissue Localization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10679. [PMID: 36142588 PMCID: PMC9505719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages able to escape antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination based on the Spike protein of the Wuhan isolates has reduced the ability of Spike-specific antibodies to protect previously infected or vaccinated individuals from infection. Therefore, the role played by T cells in the containment of viral replication and spread after infection has taken a more central stage. In this brief review, we will discuss the role played by T cells in the protection from COVID-19, with a particular emphasis on the kinetics of the T cell response and its localization at the site of primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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22
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Moussaoui ME, Desmecht S, Tashkeev A, Lambert N, Maes N, Braghini J, Marechal N, Quintana C, Briquet K, Gofflot S, Toussaint F, Hayette MP, Vermeersch P, Lutteri L, Grégoire C, Beguin Y, Rahmouni S, Moutschen M, Desmecht D, Darcis G. Reduced T-cell response following a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in infection-naïve people living with HIV. J Infect 2022; 85:702-769. [PMID: 36096313 PMCID: PMC9458764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majdouline El Moussaoui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Salomé Desmecht
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics. GIGA-Institute, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Aleksandr Tashkeev
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics. GIGA-Institute, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lambert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Maes
- Department of Biostatistics and Medico-Economic Information, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | - Joachim Braghini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicole Marechal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Quintana
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karine Briquet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Gofflot
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutteri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Grégoire
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics. GIGA-Institute, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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23
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Spinelli MA, Jones BLH, Gandhi M. COVID-19 Outcomes and Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:425-432. [PMID: 35930187 PMCID: PMC9362624 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In this review, we examine the intersection of the HIV and COVID-19 epidemics with focus on COVID-19-related health outcomes and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among people living with HIV (PLWH). Recent Findings Evidence to date do not suggest a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH compared to the general population, although—once exposed—PLWH are at greater risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Key risk factors for severe COVID-19 include non-HIV comorbidities known to be associated with severe disease, as well as HIV-specific risk factors such as low CD4 + T-cell count, unsuppressed viral load, and tuberculosis co-infection. The disproportionate impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among Black, Latinx, and Native American/Alaskan Native PLWH could worsen pre-existing disparities in health outcomes among PLWH. Data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection among PLWH needs additional study, although some studies suggest decreased humoral responses among those with low CD4 + T-cell counts, while there is a signal of increased vaccine breakthrough rates among PLWH in two large observational cohorts. Data on post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) among PLWH is also limited. Summary PLWH do not have a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, but once exposed, they are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Additional resources will need to be dedicated to the development of interventions to improve health outcomes and address disparities among PLWH impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Spinelli
- Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Benjamin L H Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
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24
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WOLDEMESKEL BA, KARABA AH, GARLISS CC, BECK EJ, AYTENFISU TY, JOHNSTON TS, LAEYENDECKER O, COX AL, BLANKSON JN. Decay of coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity in people with HIV. AIDS 2022; 36:1315-1317. [PMID: 35833684 PMCID: PMC9473660 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines induce robust SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular responses in people with HIV (PWH). However, the rate of decay of effector immune responses has not been studied in these individuals. Here, we report a significant waning of antibody responses but persistent T-cell responses 6 months post vaccination in virally suppressed PWH with high CD4+ T-cell counts. These responses are comparable with those seen in healthy donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew H. KARABA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Evan J. BECK
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Trevor S. JOHNSTON
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver LAEYENDECKER
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L. COX
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel N. BLANKSON
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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25
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Jacobson JM. Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People With HIV: A Tale of Two Pandemics. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:835-837. [PMID: 35668703 PMCID: PMC9214184 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Jacobson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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