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Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) results from waning immunity following childhood infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) but is preventable by vaccination with recombinant HZ vaccine or live HZ vaccine (two doses or one dose, respectively). Vaccine efficacy declines with age, live HZ vaccine is contraindicated in immunosuppressed individuals, and severe local reactogenicity of recombinant HZ vaccine is seen in up to 20% of older adults, indicating a potential need for new vaccines. Nonreplicating chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) vectors combine potent immunogenicity with well-established reactogenicity and safety profiles. We evaluated the cellular and humoral immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 encoding VZV envelope glycoprotein E (ChAdOx1-VZVgE) in mice using IFN-γ ELISpot, flow cytometry with intracellular cytokine staining, and ELISA. In outbred CD-1 mice, one dose of ChAdOx1-VZVgE (1 × 107 infectious units) elicited higher gE-specific T cell responses than two doses of recombinant HZ vaccine (1 µg) or one dose of live HZ vaccine (1.3 × 103 plaque-forming units). Antibody responses were higher with two doses of recombinant HZ vaccine than with two doses of ChAdOx1-VZVgE or one dose of live HZ vaccine. ChAdOx1-VZVgE boosted T cell and antibody responses following live HZ vaccine priming. The frequencies of polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing more than one cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2) were higher with ChAdOx1-VZVgE than with the conventional vaccines. Results were similar in young and aged BALB/c mice. These findings support the clinical development of ChAdOx1-VZVgE for prevention of HZ in adults aged 50 years or over, including those who have already received conventional vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ulaszewska
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Merelie
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Voysey M, Flaxman A, Aboagye J, Aley PK, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Bibi S, Bittaye M, Cappuccini F, Charlton S, Clutterbuck EA, Davies S, Dold C, Edwards NJ, Ewer KJ, Faust SN, Folegatti PM, Fowler J, Gilbride C, Gilbert SC, Godfrey L, Hallis B, Humphries HE, Jenkin D, Kerridge S, Mujadidi YF, Plested E, Ramasamy MN, Robinson H, Sanders H, Snape MD, Song R, Thomas KM, Ulaszewska M, Woods D, Wright D, Pollard AJ, Lambe T. Persistence of the immune response after two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (AZD1222): 1 year of follow-up of two randomized controlled trials. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:280-287. [PMID: 36729167 PMCID: PMC10038323 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The trajectory of immune responses following the primary dose series determines the decline in vaccine effectiveness over time. Here we report on maintenance of immune responses during the year following a two-dose schedule of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222, in the absence of infection, and also explore the decay of antibody after infection. Total spike-specific IgG antibody titres were lower with two low doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines (two low doses) (P = 0.0006) than with 2 standard doses (the approved dose) or low dose followed by standard dose vaccines regimens. Longer intervals between first and second doses resulted in higher antibody titres (P < 0.0001); however, there was no evidence that the trajectory of antibody decay differed by interval or by vaccine dose, and the decay of IgG antibody titres followed a similar trajectory after a third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Trends in post-infection samples were similar with an initial rapid decay in responses but good persistence of measurable responses thereafter. Extrapolation of antibody data, following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19, demonstrates a slow rate of antibody decay with modelling, suggesting that antibody titres are well maintained for at least 2 years. These data suggest a persistent immune response after two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 which will likely have a positive impact against serious disease and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Flaxman
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Aboagye
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Mustapha Bittaye
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Federica Cappuccini
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth A Clutterbuck
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Davies
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick J Edwards
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Katie J Ewer
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saul N Faust
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pedro M Folegatti
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Fowler
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ciaran Gilbride
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Leila Godfrey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Jenkin
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Kerridge
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yama F Mujadidi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Plested
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maheshi N Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Sanders
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Rinn Song
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Danielle Woods
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Saunders JE, Gilbride C, Dowall S, Morris S, Ulaszewska M, Spencer AJ, Rayner E, Graham VA, Kennedy E, Thomas K, Hewson R, Gilbert SC, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Lambe T. Adenoviral vectored vaccination protects against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever disease in a lethal challenge model. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104523. [PMID: 36933409 PMCID: PMC10025009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tick-borne bunyavirus, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV), can cause severe febrile illness in humans and has a wide geographic range that continues to expand due to tick migration. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines against CCHFV for widespread usage. METHODS In this study, we describe the preclinical assessment of a chimpanzee adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx2 CCHF) which encodes the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) from CCHFV. FINDINGS We demonstrate here that vaccination with ChAdOx2 CCHF induces both a humoral and cellular immune response in mice and 100% protection in a lethal CCHF challenge model. Delivery of the adenoviral vaccine in a heterologous vaccine regimen with a Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine (MVA CCHF) induces the highest levels of CCHFV-specific cell-mediated and antibody responses in mice. Histopathological examination and viral load analysis of the tissues of ChAdOx2 CCHF immunised mice reveals an absence of both microscopic changes and viral antigen associated with CCHF infection, further demonstrating protection against disease. INTERPRETATION There is the continued need for an effective vaccine against CCHFV to protect humans from lethal haemorrhagic disease. Our findings support further development of the ChAd platform expressing the CCHFV GPC to seek an effective vaccine against CCHFV. FUNDING This research was supported by funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UKRI-BBSRC) [BB/R019991/1 and BB/T008784/1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E Saunders
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Dowall
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Rayner
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Victoria A Graham
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Emma Kennedy
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kelly Thomas
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Roger Hewson
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Padron-Regalado E, Ulaszewska M, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Spencer AJ. STING-pathway modulation to enhance the immunogenicity of adenoviral-vectored vaccines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14464. [PMID: 36002507 PMCID: PMC9401198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional chemical adjuvants remain a practical means of enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines. Nevertheless, it is recognized that increasing the immunogenicity of viral vectors is challenging. Recently, STING ligands have been shown to enhance the efficacy of different vaccine platforms, but their affectivity on viral-vectored vaccination has not been fully assessed. In this study we used a multi-pronged approach to shed light on the immunological properties and potential mechanisms of action of this type of adjuvant and focused our study on replication-deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5). When the STING ligand 2′3′-cGAMP was mixed with AdHu5, the adjuvant enhanced anti-vector immune responses while decreasing the transgene-specific CD8+ T cell response. Studies employing STING-knockout mice and a 2′3′-cGAMP inactive analogue confirmed the aforementioned effects were STING dependent. In vitro assays demonstrated 2′3′-cGAMP induced the production of IFN-β which in turn negatively affected AdHu5 transgene expression and CD8+ T cell immunogenicity. In an effort to overcome the negative impact of early 2′3′-cGAMP signaling on AdHu5 transgene immunogenicity, we generated a bicistronic vector encoding the 2′3′-cGAMP together with a model antigen. Intracellular production of 2′3′-cGAMP after AdHu5 infection was able to enhance transgene-specific CD8+ T cell immunogenicity, although not to a level that would warrant progression of this adjuvant to clinical assessment. This work highlights the importance of timing of 2′3′-cGAMP administration when assessing its adjuvant capacity with different vaccine modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Padron-Regalado
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Spencer AJ, Morris S, Ulaszewska M, Powers C, Kailath R, Bissett C, Truby A, Thakur N, Newman J, Allen ER, Rudiansyah I, Liu C, Dejnirattisai W, Mongkolsapaya J, Davies H, Donnellan FR, Pulido D, Peacock TP, Barclay WS, Bright H, Ren K, Screaton G, McTamney P, Bailey D, Gilbert SC, Lambe T. The ChAdOx1 vectored vaccine, AZD2816, induces strong immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 beta (B.1.351) and other variants of concern in preclinical studies. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103902. [PMID: 35228013 PMCID: PMC8881183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing global effort to design, manufacture, and clinically assess vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Over the course of the ongoing pandemic a number of new SARS-CoV-2 virus isolates or variants of concern (VoC) have been identified containing mutations in key proteins. METHODS In this study we describe the generation and preclinical assessment of a ChAdOx1-vectored vaccine (AZD2816) which expresses the spike protein of the Beta VoC (B.1.351). FINDINGS We demonstrate that AZD2816 is immunogenic after a single dose. When AZD2816 is used as a booster dose in animals primed with a vaccine encoding the original spike protein (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/ [AZD1222]), an increase in binding and neutralising antibodies against Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) is observed following each additional dose. In addition, a strong and polyfunctional T cell response was measured all booster regimens. INTERPRETATION Real world data is demonstrating that one or more doses of licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines confer reduced protection against hospitalisation and deaths caused by divergent VoC, including Omicron. Our data support the ongoing clinical development and testing of booster vaccines to increase immunity against highly mutated VoC. FUNDING This research was funded by AstraZeneca with supporting funds from MRC and BBSRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Spencer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan Morris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Powers
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma Kailath
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Bissett
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Truby
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nazia Thakur
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom; The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Newman
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Allen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Indra Rudiansyah
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Liu
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Davies
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca R Donnellan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - David Pulido
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Peacock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Bright
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Microbial Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD United States
| | - Kuishu Ren
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Microbial Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD United States
| | - Gavin Screaton
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick McTamney
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, Microbial Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD United States
| | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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van Doremalen N, Schulz JE, Adney DR, Saturday TA, Fischer RJ, Yinda CK, Thakur N, Newman J, Ulaszewska M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Saturday G, Spencer AJ, Bailey D, Gilbert SC, Lambe T, Munster VJ. Efficacy of ChAdOx1 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Beta, Delta and Omicron in the Syrian hamster model. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1343927. [PMID: 35194602 PMCID: PMC8863164 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1343927/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient simian adenovirusâ€"vectored vaccine encoding the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, based on the first published full-length sequence (Wuhan-1). AZD1222 was shown to have 74% vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic disease in clinical trials and over 2.5 billion doses of vaccine have been released for worldwide use. However, SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate and consequently, variants of concern (VoCs) have been detected, with substitutions in the S protein that are associated with a reduction in virus neutralizing antibody titer. Updating vaccines to include S proteins of VoCs may be beneficial over boosting with vaccines encoding the ancestral S protein, even though current real-world data is suggesting good efficacy against hospitalization and death following boosting with vaccines encoding the ancestral S protein. Using the Syrian hamster model, we evaluated the effect of a single dose of AZD2816, encoding the S protein of the Beta VoC, and efficacy of AZD1222/AZD2816 as a heterologous primary series against challenge with the Beta or Delta variant. We then investigated the efficacy of a single dose of AZD2816 or AZD1222 against the Omicron VoC. As seen previously, minimal to no viral sgRNA could be detected in lungs of vaccinated animals obtained at 5 days post inoculation, in contrast to lungs of control animals. Thus, these vaccination regimens are protective against the Beta, Delta, and Omicron VoCs in the hamster model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Danielle R. Adney
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Taylor A. Saturday
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Robert J. Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Claude Kwe Yinda
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Nazia Thakur
- Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Newman
- Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Spencer
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dalan Bailey
- Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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7
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Vatzia E, Allen ER, Manjegowda T, Morris S, McNee A, Martini V, Kaliath R, Ulaszewska M, Boyd A, Paudyal B, Carr VB, Chrun T, Maze E, MacLoughlin R, van Diemen PM, Everett HE, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Tchilian E. Respiratory and Intramuscular Immunization With ChAdOx2-NPM1-NA Induces Distinct Immune Responses in H1N1pdm09 Pre-Exposed Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763912. [PMID: 34804053 PMCID: PMC8595216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to develop superior influenza vaccines that provide broader protection. Influenza vaccines are traditionally tested in naive animals, although humans are exposed to influenza in the first years of their lives, but the impact of prior influenza exposure on vaccine immune responses has not been well studied. Pigs are an important natural host for influenza, are a source of pandemic viruses, and are an excellent model for human influenza. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of the ChAdOx2 viral vectored vaccine, expressing influenza nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1, and neuraminidase in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs. We evaluated the importance of the route of administration by comparing intranasal, aerosol, and intramuscular immunizations. Aerosol delivery boosted the local lung T-cell and antibody responses, while intramuscular immunization boosted peripheral blood immunity. These results will inform how best to deliver vaccines in order to harness optimal protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vatzia
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Allen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanuja Manjegowda
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Morris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam McNee
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Martini
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma Kaliath
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Boyd
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Basudev Paudyal
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica B Carr
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Tiphany Chrun
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Maze
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helen E Everett
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)-Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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8
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Lambe T, Spencer AJ, Thomas KM, Gooch KE, Thomas S, White AD, Humphries HE, Wright D, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Thakur N, Conceicao C, Watson R, Alden L, Allen L, Aram M, Bewley KR, Brunt E, Brown P, Cavell BE, Cobb R, Fotheringham SA, Gilbride C, Harris DJ, Ho CMK, Hunter L, Kennard CL, Leung S, Lucas V, Ngabo D, Ryan KA, Sharpe H, Sarfas C, Sibley L, Slack GS, Ulaszewska M, Wand N, Wiblin NR, Gleeson FV, Bailey D, Sharpe S, Charlton S, Salguero FJ, Carroll MW, Gilbert SC. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaque and ferret challenge models. Commun Biol 2021; 4:915. [PMID: 34312487 PMCID: PMC8313674 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently required, but early development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 resulted in enhanced disease after vaccination. Careful assessment of this phenomena is warranted for vaccine development against SARS CoV-2. Here we report detailed immune profiling after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) and subsequent high dose challenge in two animal models of SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease. We demonstrate in rhesus macaques the lung pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 mediated pneumonia is reduced by prior vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 which induced neutralising antibody responses after a single intramuscular administration. In a second animal model, ferrets, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 reduced both virus shedding and lung pathology. Antibody titre were boosted by a second dose. Data from these challenge models on the absence of enhanced disease and the detailed immune profiling, support the continued clinical evaluation of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kelly M Thomas
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen E Gooch
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Stephen Thomas
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Andrew D White
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert Watson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Leonie Alden
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Lauren Allen
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Marilyn Aram
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Kevin R Bewley
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Emily Brunt
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Phillip Brown
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Breeze E Cavell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Rebecca Cobb
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Debbie J Harris
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Catherine M K Ho
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Laura Hunter
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Leung
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Vanessa Lucas
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Didier Ngabo
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Kathryn A Ryan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte Sarfas
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Laura Sibley
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Gillian S Slack
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadina Wand
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Nathan R Wiblin
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | | | | | - Sally Sharpe
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Sue Charlton
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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9
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Collins KA, Brod F, Snaith R, Ulaszewska M, Longley RJ, Salman AM, Gilbert SC, Spencer AJ, Franco D, Ballou WR, Hill AVS. Ultra-low dose immunization and multi-component vaccination strategies enhance protection against malaria in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10792. [PMID: 34031479 PMCID: PMC8144388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine would be a valuable tool for malaria control and elimination; however, the leading malaria vaccine in development, RTS,S/AS01, provided only partial protection in a Phase 3 trial. R21 is a next-generation RTS,S-like vaccine. We have previously shown in mice that R21 administered in Matrix-M is highly immunogenic, able to elicit complete protection against sporozoite challenge, and can be successfully administered with TRAP based viral-vectors resulting in enhanced protection. In this study, we developed a novel, GMP-compatible purification process for R21, and evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ultra-low doses of both R21 and RTS,S when formulated in AS01. We demonstrated that both vaccines are highly immunogenic and also elicit comparable high levels of protection against transgenic parasites in BALB/c mice. By lowering the vaccine dose there was a trend for increased immunogenicity and sterile protection, with the highest dose vaccine groups achieving the lowest efficacy (50% sterile protection). We also evaluated the ability to combine RTS,S/AS01 with TRAP based viral-vectors and observed concurrent induction of immune responses to both antigens with minimal interference when mixing the vaccines prior to administration. These studies suggest that R21 or RTS,S could be combined with viral-vectors for a multi-component vaccination approach and indicate that low dose vaccination should be fully explored in humans to maximize potential efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Collins
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Radboud Institute for Health Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Florian Brod
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Snaith
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rhea J Longley
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmed M Salman
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Adrian V S Hill
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Spencer AJ, McKay PF, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Ulaszewska M, Bissett CD, Hu K, Samnuan K, Blakney AK, Wright D, Sharpe HR, Gilbride C, Truby A, Allen ER, Gilbert SC, Shattock RJ, Lambe T. Heterologous vaccination regimens with self-amplifying RNA and adenoviral COVID vaccines induce robust immune responses in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2893. [PMID: 34001897 PMCID: PMC8129084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several vaccines have demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease, yet there is limited data on the immune response induced by heterologous vaccination regimens using alternate vaccine modalities. Here, we present a detailed description of the immune response, in mice, following vaccination with a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine and an adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that antibody responses are higher in two-dose heterologous vaccination regimens than single-dose regimens. Neutralising titres after heterologous prime-boost were at least comparable or higher than the titres measured after homologous prime boost vaccination with viral vectors. Importantly, the cellular immune response after a heterologous regimen is dominated by cytotoxic T cells and Th1+ CD4 T cells, which is superior to the response induced in homologous vaccination regimens in mice. These results underpin the need for clinical trials to investigate the immunogenicity of heterologous regimens with alternate vaccine technologies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Mice
- RNA, Viral/administration & dosage
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Spencer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cameron D Bissett
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karnyart Samnuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna K Blakney
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah R Sharpe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ciaran Gilbride
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Truby
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Allen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Watanabe Y, Mendonça L, Allen ER, Howe A, Lee M, Allen JD, Chawla H, Pulido D, Donnellan F, Davies H, Ulaszewska M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Morris S, Krebs AS, Dejnirattisai W, Mongkolsapaya J, Supasa P, Screaton GR, Green CM, Lambe T, Zhang P, Gilbert SC, Crispin M. Native-like SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Expressed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccine. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:594-602. [PMID: 34056089 PMCID: PMC8043200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine development against the SARS-CoV-2 virus focuses on the principal target of the neutralizing immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein. Adenovirus-vectored vaccines offer an effective platform for the delivery of viral antigen, but it is important for the generation of neutralizing antibodies that they produce appropriately processed and assembled viral antigen that mimics that observed on the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we describe the structure, conformation, and glycosylation of the S protein derived from the adenovirus-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine. We demonstrate native-like post-translational processing and assembly, and reveal the expression of S proteins on the surface of cells adopting the trimeric prefusion conformation. The data presented here confirm the use of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vectors as a leading platform technology for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Luiza Mendonça
- Division
of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth R. Allen
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Andrew Howe
- Electron
Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Mercede Lee
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Himanshi Chawla
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - David Pulido
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Francesca Donnellan
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Hannah Davies
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- NIHR Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Susan Morris
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Anna-Sophia Krebs
- Division
of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
- Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development,
Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chinese
Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Piyada Supasa
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
- Division
of Medical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Catherine M. Green
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- NIHR Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division
of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K.
- Electron
Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- NIHR Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Max Crispin
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
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12
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Ssemakalu CC, Ulaszewska M, Elias S, Spencer AJ. Solar inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium induces an immune response in BALB/c mice. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05903. [PMID: 33553721 PMCID: PMC7855330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is contracted through the consumption of untreated water and contaminated food. The contraction and spread of water-related Salmonella in resource-poor communities can be reduced by using solar disinfection (SODIS) to treat the water before its consumption. SODIS is a water sanitizing technique that relies on natural sunshine. It is a cost-effective, inexpensive, environmentally, and user-friendly means of treating microbiologically contaminated water. This water disinfection method has saved many lives in communities vulnerable to water-related infections worldwide. At present, the success of SODIS has mainly been attributed to permanent inactivation of water pathogens ability to grow. However, little to no information exists as to whether immune responses to the solar inactivated pathogens are induced in SODIS water consumers. This study assessed the potential for solar inactivated S. Typhimurium to induce an immune response in mice. Results show that solar inactivated S. Typhimurium can induce bactericidal antibodies against S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, an increase in the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was observed in mice given the solar inactivated S. Typhimurium. These findings suggest that solar inactivated S. Typhimurium induces a humoral and cellular immune response. However, the level of protection afforded by these responses requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius C Ssemakalu
- Cell Biology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Elias
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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13
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Provine NM, Amini A, Garner LC, Spencer AJ, Dold C, Hutchings C, Silva Reyes L, FitzPatrick MEB, Chinnakannan S, Oguti B, Raymond M, Ulaszewska M, Troise F, Sharpe H, Morgan SB, Hinks TSC, Lambe T, Capone S, Folgori A, Barnes E, Rollier CS, Pollard AJ, Klenerman P. MAIT cell activation augments adenovirus vector vaccine immunogenicity. Science 2021; 371:521-526. [PMID: 33510029 PMCID: PMC7610941 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate sensors of viruses and can augment early immune responses and contribute to protection. We hypothesized that MAIT cells may have inherent adjuvant activity in vaccine platforms that use replication-incompetent adenovirus vectors. In mice and humans, ChAdOx1 (chimpanzee adenovirus Ox1) immunization robustly activated MAIT cells. Activation required plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-derived interferon (IFN)-α and monocyte-derived interleukin-18. IFN-α-induced, monocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor was also identified as a key secondary signal. All three cytokines were required in vitro and in vivo. Activation of MAIT cells positively correlated with vaccine-induced T cell responses in human volunteers and MAIT cell-deficient mice displayed impaired CD8+ T cell responses to multiple vaccine-encoded antigens. Thus, MAIT cells contribute to the immunogenicity of adenovirus vectors, with implications for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ali Amini
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy C Garner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Hutchings
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Silva Reyes
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael E B FitzPatrick
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Blanche Oguti
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Meriel Raymond
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Fulvia Troise
- Nouscom, SRL, Rome, Italy
- Ceinge Biotechnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sophie B Morgan
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine - Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine - Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Eleanor Barnes
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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van Doremalen N, Lambe T, Spencer A, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Purushotham JN, Port JR, Avanzato VA, Bushmaker T, Flaxman A, Ulaszewska M, Feldmann F, Allen ER, Sharpe H, Schulz J, Holbrook M, Okumura A, Meade-White K, Pérez-Pérez L, Edwards NJ, Wright D, Bissett C, Gilbride C, Williamson BN, Rosenke R, Long D, Ishwarbhai A, Kailath R, Rose L, Morris S, Powers C, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Scott D, Saturday G, de Wit E, Gilbert SC, Munster VJ. Publisher Correction: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Nature 2021; 590:E24. [PMID: 33469217 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jyothi N Purushotham
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.,The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia R Port
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Victoria A Avanzato
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Trenton Bushmaker
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Amy Flaxman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Myndi Holbrook
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lizzette Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dan Long
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Louisa Rose
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Powers
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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15
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Watanabe Y, Mendonça L, Allen ER, Howe A, Lee M, Allen JD, Chawla H, Pulido D, Donnellan F, Davies H, Ulaszewska M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Morris S, Krebs AS, Dejnirattisai W, Mongkolsapaya J, Supasa P, Screaton GR, Green CM, Lambe T, Zhang P, Gilbert SC, Crispin M. Native-like SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expressed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine. bioRxiv 2021:2021.01.15.426463. [PMID: 33501433 PMCID: PMC7836103 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.15.426463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine development against the SARS-CoV-2 virus focuses on the principal target of the neutralizing immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein. Adenovirus-vectored vaccines offer an effective platform for the delivery of viral antigen, but it is important for the generation of neutralizing antibodies that they produce appropriately processed and assembled viral antigen that mimics that observed on the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we describe the structure, conformation and glycosylation of the S protein derived from the adenovirus-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine. We demonstrate native-like post-translational processing and assembly, and reveal the expression of S proteins on the surface of cells adopting the trimeric prefusion conformation. The data presented here confirms the use of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vectors as a leading platform technology for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Luiza Mendonça
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Elizabeth R. Allen
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Howe
- Electron Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mercede Lee
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Himanshi Chawla
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David Pulido
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca Donnellan
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Davies
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna-Sophia Krebs
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science(CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Piyada Supasa
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Medical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M. Green
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Electron Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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16
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van Doremalen N, Lambe T, Spencer A, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Purushotham JN, Port JR, Avanzato VA, Bushmaker T, Flaxman A, Ulaszewska M, Feldmann F, Allen ER, Sharpe H, Schulz J, Holbrook M, Okumura A, Meade-White K, Pérez-Pérez L, Edwards NJ, Wright D, Bissett C, Gilbride C, Williamson BN, Rosenke R, Long D, Ishwarbhai A, Kailath R, Rose L, Morris S, Powers C, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Scott D, Saturday G, de Wit E, Gilbert SC, Munster VJ. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Nature 2020; 586:578-582. [PMID: 32731258 PMCID: PMC8436420 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 20191,2 and is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic3. Vaccines are an essential countermeasure and are urgently needed to control the pandemic4. Here we show that the adenovirus-vector-based vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, which encodes the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice and elicites a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was predominantly mediated by type-1 T helper cells, as demonstrated by the profiling of the IgG subclass and the expression of cytokines. Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (using either a prime-only or a prime-boost regimen) induced a balanced humoral and cellular immune response of type-1 and type-2 T helper cells in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated rhesus macaques that were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. However, there was no difference in nasal shedding between vaccinated and control SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques. Notably, we found no evidence of immune-enhanced disease after viral challenge in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy profiles of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomized controlled clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jyothi N Purushotham
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia R Port
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Victoria A Avanzato
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Trenton Bushmaker
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Amy Flaxman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Myndi Holbrook
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lizzette Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dan Long
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Louisa Rose
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Powers
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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17
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Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Soria-Florido MT, Llorach R, Mattivi F, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for berries and grapes. Genes Nutr 2020; 15:17. [PMID: 32967625 PMCID: PMC7509942 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grapes and berries are two types of widely consumed fruits characterized by a high content in different phytochemicals. However, their accurate dietary assessment is particularly arduous, because of the already wide recognized bias associated with self-reporting methods, combined with the large range of species and cultivars and the fact that these fruits are popularly consumed not only in fresh and frozen forms but also as processed and derived products, including dried and canned fruits, beverages, jams, and jellies. Reporting precise type and/or quantity of grape and berries in FFQ or diaries can obviously be affected by errors. Recently, biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) rose as a promising tool to provide accurate information indicating consumption of certain food items. Protocols for performing systematic reviews in this field, as well as for assessing the validity of candidate BFIs have been developed within the Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBAll) Project. This paper aims to evaluate the putative BIFs for blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, blackcurrant, and grapes. Candidate BFIs for grapes were resveratrol metabolites and tartaric acid. The metabolites considered as putative BFI for berries consumption were mostly anthocyanins derivatives together with several metabolites of ellagitannins and some aroma compounds. However, identification of BFIs for single berry types encountered more difficulties. In the absence of highly specific metabolites reported to date, we suggested some multi-metabolite panels that may be further investigated as putative biomarkers for some berry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulaszewska
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility - ProMeFa, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Slavador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Soria-Florido
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Llorach
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trent, Trento, Italy
| | - C Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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18
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Graham SP, McLean RK, Spencer AJ, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Wright D, Ulaszewska M, Edwards JC, Hayes JWP, Martini V, Thakur N, Conceicao C, Dietrich I, Shelton H, Waters R, Ludi A, Wilsden G, Browning C, Bialy D, Bhat S, Stevenson-Leggett P, Hollinghurst P, Gilbride C, Pulido D, Moffat K, Sharpe H, Allen E, Mioulet V, Chiu C, Newman J, Asfor AS, Burman A, Crossley S, Huo J, Owens RJ, Carroll M, Hammond JA, Tchilian E, Bailey D, Charleston B, Gilbert SC, Tuthill TJ, Lambe T. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:69. [PMID: 32793398 PMCID: PMC7385486 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical development of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector expressing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was initiated in April 2020 following non-human primate studies using a single immunisation. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of one or two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in both mice and pigs. Whilst a single dose induced antigen-specific antibody and T cells responses, a booster immunisation enhanced antibody responses, particularly in pigs, with a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 neutralising titres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra J. Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | | | | | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | | | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Ryan Waters
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Anna Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Clare Browning
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Dagmara Bialy
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Sushant Bhat
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Philippa Hollinghurst
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - David Pulido
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Katy Moffat
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | - Chris Chiu
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Joseph Newman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Amin S. Asfor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Alison Burman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Jiandong Huo
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0FA UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0FA UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Miles Carroll
- Public Health England, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | | | - Elma Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
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19
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Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Mattivi F, Praticò G, Dragsted LO, Manach C. Biomarkers of intake for tropical fruits. Genes Nutr 2020; 15:11. [PMID: 32560627 PMCID: PMC7304196 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of fruit and vegetable is a key component of a healthy and sustainable diet. However, their accurate dietary assessment remains a challenge. Due to errors in self-reporting methods, the available dietary information is usually biased. Biomarkers of intake constitute objective tools to better reflect the usual or recent consumption of different foods, including fruits and vegetables. Partners of The Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBall) Project have undertaken the task of reviewing the available literature on putative biomarkers of tropical fruit intake. The identified candidate biomarkers were subject to validation evaluation using eight biological and chemical criteria. This publication presents the current knowledge on intake biomarkers for 17 tropical fruits including banana, mango, and avocado as the most widely consumed ones. Candidate biomarkers were found only for banana, avocado, and watermelon. An array of banana-derived metabolites has been reported in human biofluids, among which 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid, dopamine sulfate, methoxyeugenol glucuronide, salsolinol sulfate, 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-sulfate, and other catecholamine metabolites. Their validation is still at an early stage, with insufficient data on dose-response relationship. Perseitol and mannoheptulose have recently been reported as candidate biomarkers for avocado intake, while the amino acid citrulline has been associated with watermelon intake. Additionally, the examination of food composition data revealed some highly specific phytochemicals, which metabolites after absorption may be further studied as putative BFI for one or several tropical fruits. To make the field move forward, untargeted metabolomics, as a data-driven explorative approach, will have to be applied in both intervention and observational studies to discover putative BFIs, while their full validation and the establishment of dose-response calibration curves will require quantification methods at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Ulaszewska
- Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - G Praticò
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Manach
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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20
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Sebastian S, Flaxman A, Cha KM, Ulaszewska M, Gilbride C, Sharpe H, Wright E, Spencer AJ, Dowall S, Hewson R, Gilbert S, Lambe T. A Multi-Filovirus Vaccine Candidate: Co-Expression of Ebola, Sudan, and Marburg Antigens in a Single Vector. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E241. [PMID: 32455764 PMCID: PMC7349952 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the infectious diseases field, protective immunity against individual virus species or strains does not always confer cross-reactive immunity to closely related viruses, leaving individuals susceptible to disease after exposure to related virus species. This is a significant hurdle in the field of vaccine development, in which broadly protective vaccines represent an unmet need. This is particularly evident for filoviruses, as there are multiple family members that can cause lethal haemorrhagic fever, including Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, and Marburg virus. In an attempt to address this need, both pre-clinical and clinical studies previously used mixed or co-administered monovalent vaccines to prevent filovirus mediated disease. However, these multi-vaccine and multi-dose vaccination regimens do not represent a practical immunisation scheme when considering the target endemic areas. We describe here the development of a single multi-pathogen filovirus vaccine candidate based on a replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector. Our vaccine candidate encodes three different filovirus glycoproteins in one vector and induces strong cellular and humoral immunity to all three viral glycoproteins after a single vaccination. Crucially, it was found to be protective in a stringent Zaire ebolavirus challenge in guinea pigs in a one-shot vaccination regimen. This trivalent filovirus vaccine offers a tenable vaccine product that could be rapidly translated to the clinic to prevent filovirus-mediated viral haemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sebastian
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
- Current address: Vaccitech Ltd., Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Amy Flaxman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Kuan M. Cha
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Ciaran Gilbride
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Edward Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QG, UK;
| | - Alexandra J. Spencer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Stuart Dowall
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK; (S.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK; (S.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.F.); (K.M.C.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (H.S.); (A.J.S.); (S.G.)
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21
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van Doremalen N, Lambe T, Spencer A, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Purushotham JN, Port JR, Avanzato V, Bushmaker T, Flaxman A, Ulaszewska M, Feldmann F, Allen ER, Sharpe H, Schulz J, Holbrook M, Okumura A, Meade-White K, Pérez-Pérez L, Bissett C, Gilbride C, Williamson BN, Rosenke R, Long D, Ishwarbhai A, Kailath R, Rose L, Morris S, Powers C, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Scott D, Saturday G, de Wit E, Gilbert SC, Munster VJ. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.13.093195. [PMID: 32511340 PMCID: PMC7241103 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.093195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 20191,2 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic3. Vaccines are an essential countermeasure urgently needed to control the pandemic4. Here, we show that the adenovirus-vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice, eliciting a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was not Th2 dominated, as demonstrated by IgG subclass and cytokine expression profiling. A single vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced a humoral and cellular immune response in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated animals challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated rhesus macaques. Importantly, no evidence of immune-enhanced disease following viral challenge in vaccinated animals was observed. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is currently under investigation in a phase I clinical trial. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomised controlled human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jyothi N Purushotham
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia R Port
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Victoria Avanzato
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Trenton Bushmaker
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Amy Flaxman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Myndi Holbrook
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lizzette Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dan Long
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Louisa Rose
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Powers
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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22
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Bliss CM, Parsons AJ, Nachbagauer R, Hamilton JR, Cappuccini F, Ulaszewska M, Webber JP, Clayton A, Hill AV, Coughlan L. Targeting Antigen to the Surface of EVs Improves the In Vivo Immunogenicity of Human and Non-human Adenoviral Vaccines in Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 16:108-125. [PMID: 31934599 PMCID: PMC6953706 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vectors represent promising vaccine platforms for infectious disease. To overcome pre-existing immunity to commonly used human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), vectors based on rare species or non-human Ads are being developed. However, these vectors often exhibit reduced potency compared with Ad5, necessitating the use of innovative approaches to augment the immunogenicity of the encoded antigen (Ag). To achieve this, we engineered model Ag, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), for targeting to the surface of host-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized EVs that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and in regulating immune responses. Directed targeting of Ag to the surface of EVs/exosomes is achieved by "exosome display," through fusion of Ag to the C1C2 domain of lactadherin, a protein highly enriched in exosomes. Herein, we engineered chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1 and Ad5-based vaccines encoding EGFP, or EGFP targeted to EVs (EGFP_C1C2), and compared vaccine immunogenicity in mice. We determined that exosome display substantially increases Ag-specific humoral immunity following intramuscular and intranasal vaccination, improving the immunological potency of both ChAdOx1 and Ad5. We propose that this Ag-engineering approach could increase the immunogenicity of diverse Ad vectors that exhibit desirable manufacturing characteristics, but currently lack the potency of Ad5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M. Bliss
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hamilton
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Federica Cappuccini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jason P. Webber
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 2XN, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 2XN, UK
| | - Adrian V.S. Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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23
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Harrington-Kandt R, Stylianou E, Eddowes LA, Lim PJ, Stockdale L, Pinpathomrat N, Bull N, Pasricha J, Ulaszewska M, Beglov Y, Vaulont S, Drakesmith H, McShane H. Hepcidin deficiency and iron deficiency do not alter tuberculosis susceptibility in a murine M.tb infection model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191038. [PMID: 29324800 PMCID: PMC5764373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the macrophage-tropic pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is a highly prevalent infectious disease. Since an immune correlate of protection or effective vaccine have yet to be found, continued research into host-pathogen interactions is important. Previous literature reports links between host iron status and disease outcome for many infections, including TB. For some extracellular bacteria, the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin is essential for protection against infection. Here, we investigated hepcidin (encoded by Hamp1) in the context of murine M.tb infection. Female C57BL/6 mice were infected with M.tb Erdman via aerosol. Hepatic expression of iron-responsive genes was measured by qRT-PCR and bacterial burden determined in organ homogenates. We found that hepatic Hamp1 mRNA levels decreased post-infection, and correlated with a marker of BMP/SMAD signalling pathways. Next, we tested the effect of Hamp1 deletion, and low iron diets, on M.tb infection. Hamp1 knockout mice did not have a significantly altered M.tb mycobacterial load in either the lungs or spleen. Up to 10 weeks of dietary iron restriction did not robustly affect disease outcome despite causing iron deficiency anaemia. Taken together, our data indicate that unlike with many other infections, hepcidin is decreased following M.tb infection, and show that hepcidin ablation does not influence M.tb growth in vivo. Furthermore, because even severe iron deficiency did not affect M.tb mycobacterial load, we suggest that the mechanisms M.tb uses to scavenge iron from the host must be extremely efficient, and may therefore represent potential targets for drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Stylianou
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Eddowes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pei Jin Lim
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Stockdale
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Naomi Bull
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Pasricha
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yulia Beglov
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- Institut Cochin, INSERM 567, CNRS 8104, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HD); (HMcS)
| | - Helen McShane
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (HD); (HMcS)
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24
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Tully CM, Chinnakannan S, Mullarkey CE, Ulaszewska M, Ferrara F, Temperton N, Gilbert SC, Lambe T. Novel Bivalent Viral-Vectored Vaccines Induce Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Conferring Protection against Stringent Influenza A Virus Challenge. J Immunol 2017; 199:ji1600939. [PMID: 28724579 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses are a common cause of acute respiratory illness worldwide and generate a significant socioeconomic burden. Influenza viruses mutate rapidly, necessitating annual vaccine reformulation because traditional vaccines do not typically induce broad-spectrum immunity. In addition to seasonal infections, emerging pandemic influenza viruses present a continued threat to global public health. Pandemic influenza viruses have consistently higher attack rates and are typically associated with greater mortality compared with seasonal strains. Ongoing strategies to improve vaccine efficacy typically focus on providing broad-spectrum immunity; although B and T cells can mediate heterosubtypic responses, typical vaccine development will augment either humoral or cellular immunity. However, multipronged approaches that target several Ags may limit the generation of viral escape mutants. There are few vaccine platforms that can deliver multiple Ags and generate robust cellular and humoral immunity. In this article, we describe a novel vaccination strategy, tested preclinically in mice, for the delivery of novel bivalent viral-vectored vaccines. We show this strategy elicits potent T cell responses toward highly conserved internal Ags while simultaneously inducing high levels of Abs toward hemagglutinin. Importantly, these humoral responses generate long-lived plasma cells and generate Abs capable of neutralizing variant hemagglutinin-expressing pseudotyped lentiviruses. Significantly, these novel viral-vectored vaccines induce strong immune responses capable of conferring protection in a stringent influenza A virus challenge. Thus, this vaccination regimen induces lasting efficacy toward influenza. Importantly, the simultaneous delivery of dual Ags may alleviate the selective pressure that is thought to potentiate antigenic diversity in avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Tully
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Senthil Chinnakannan
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin E Mullarkey
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Pseudotype Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Pseudotype Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom;
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25
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Spencer AJ, Longley RJ, Gola A, Ulaszewska M, Lambe T, Hill AVS. The Threshold of Protection from Liver-Stage Malaria Relies on a Fine Balance between the Number of Infected Hepatocytes and Effector CD8 + T Cells Present in the Liver. J Immunol 2017; 198:2006-2016. [PMID: 28087668 PMCID: PMC5318841 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the demonstration of sterile protection afforded by injection of irradiated sporozoites, CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a significant role in protection from liver-stage malaria. This is, however, dependent on the presence of an extremely high number of circulating effector cells, thought to be necessary to scan, locate, and kill infected hepatocytes in the short time that parasites are present in the liver. We used an adoptive transfer model to elucidate the kinetics of the effector CD8+ T cell response in the liver following Plasmodium berghei sporozoite challenge. Although effector CD8+ T cells require <24 h to find, locate, and kill infected hepatocytes, active migration of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells into the liver was not observed during the 2-d liver stage of infection, as divided cells were only detected from day 3 postchallenge. However, the percentage of donor cells recruited into division was shown to indicate the level of Ag presentation from infected hepatocytes. By titrating the number of transferred Ag-specific effector CD8+ T cells and sporozoites, we demonstrate that achieving protection toward liver-stage malaria is reliant on CD8+ T cells being able to locate infected hepatocytes, resulting in a protection threshold dependent on a fine balance between the number of infected hepatocytes and CD8+ T cells present in the liver. With such a fine balance determining protection, achieving a high number of CD8+ T cells will be critical to the success of a cell-mediated vaccine against liver-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhea J Longley
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Gola
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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26
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Trost K, Ulaszewska M, Stanstrup J, Natella F, Scaccini C, Mattivi F. PP163-MON: Metabolic Transformation of Apple Polyphenols in Human Body. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Hernando MD, Ferrer C, Ulaszewska M, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Fernández-Alba AR. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole/linear ion trap instrument for the analysis of pesticide residues in olive oil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:1815-31. [PMID: 17713761 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of an enhanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the analysis of pesticides in olive oil. One hundred pesticides belonging to different classes and that are currently used in agriculture have been included in this method. The LC-MS method was developed using a hybrid quadrupole/linear ion trap (QqQ(LIT)) analyzer. Key features of this technique are the rapid scan acquisition times, high specificity and high sensitivity it enables when the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode or the linear ion-trap operational mode is employed. The application of 5 ms dwell times using a linearly accelerating (LINAC) high-pressure collision cell enabled the analysis of a high number of pesticides, with enough data points acquired for optimal peak definition in MRM operation mode and for satisfactory quantitative determinations to be made. The method quantifies over a linear dynamic range of LOQs (0.03-10 microg kg(-1)) up to 500 microg kg(-1). Matrix effects were evaluated by comparing the slopes of matrix-matched and solvent-based calibration curves. Weak suppression or enhancement of signals was observed (<15% for most-80-of the pesticides). A study to assess the identification criteria based on the MRM ratio was carried out by comparing the variations observed in standard vs matrix (in terms of coefficient of variation, CV%) and within the linear range of concentrations studied. The CV was lower than 15% when the response observed in solvent was compared to that in olive oil. The limit of detection was < or =10 microg kg(-1) for five of the selected pesticides, < or =5 microg kg(-1) for 14, and < or =1 microg kg(-1) for 81 pesticides. For pesticides where additional structural information was necessary for confirmatory purposes-in particular at low concentrations, since the second transition could not be detected-survey scans for enhanced product ion (EPI) and MS3 were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Hernando
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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