1
|
Zheng L, Cao L, Zheng XL. ADAMTS13 protease or lack of von Willebrand factor protects irradiation and melanoma-induced thrombotic microangiopathy in zebrafish. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2270-2283. [PMID: 35894519 PMCID: PMC9641623 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity may result in potentially fatal thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and relative deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity may be associated with adverse outcomes of certain malignancies. Here, we report the role of ADAMTS13 or lack of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in reducing irradiation and melanoma-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and mortality in zebrafish. METHODS Zebrafish melanoma cell line (ZMEL) was injected subcutaneously into wild-type (wt), adamts13-/- (a13-/- ), von Willebrand factor (vwf-/- ), and a13-/- vwf-/- zebrafish following total body irradiation; the tumor growth, its gene expression pattern, the resulting thrombocytopenia, and the mortality were determined. RESULTS Total body irradiation at 30 Gy alone resulted in a transient thrombocytopenia in both wt and a13-/- zebrafish. However, thrombocytopenia occurred earlier and more profound in a13-/- than in wt zebrafish, which was resolved 2 weeks following irradiation alone. An inoculation of ZMEL following the irradiation resulted in more severe and persistent thrombocytopenia, as well as earlier death in a13-/- than in wt zebrafish. The vwf-/- or a13-/- vwf-/- zebrafish were protected from developing severe thrombocytopenia following the same maneuvers. RNA-sequencing revealed significant differentially expressed genes associated with oxidation-reduction, metabolism, lipid, fatty acid and cholesterol metabolic processes, steroid synthesis, and phospholipid efflux in the melanoma explanted from a13-/- zebrafish compared with that from the wt controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that plasma ADAMTS13 or lack of VWF may offer a significant protection against the development of irradiation- and/or melanoma-induced TMA. Such a microenvironment may directly affect melanoma cell phenotypes via alternation in the oxidation-reduction and lipid metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Liyun Cao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schaue D, Micewicz ED, Ratikan JA, Iwamoto KS, Vlashi E, McDonald JT, McBride WH. NRF2 Mediates Cellular Resistance to Transformation, Radiation, and Inflammation in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1649. [PMID: 36139722 PMCID: PMC9495793 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is recognized as a master transcription factor that regulates expression of numerous detoxifying and antioxidant cytoprotective genes. In fact, models of NRF2 deficiency indicate roles not only in redox regulation, but also in metabolism, inflammatory/autoimmune disease, cancer, and radioresistancy. Since ionizing radiation (IR) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is not surprising it activates NRF2 pathways. However, unexpectedly, activation is often delayed for many days after the initial ROS burst. Here, we demonstrate that, as assayed by γ-H2AX staining, rapid DNA double strand break (DSB) formation by IR in primary mouse Nrf2-/- MEFs was not affected by loss of NRF2, and neither was DSB repair to any great extent. In spite of this, basal and IR-induced transformation was greatly enhanced, suggesting that NRF2 protects against late IR-induced genomic instability, at least in murine MEFs. Another possible IR- and NRF2-related event that could be altered is inflammation and NRF2 deficiency increased IR-induced NF-κB pro-inflammatory responses mostly late after exposure. The proclivity of NRF2 to restrain inflammation is also reflected in the reprogramming of tumor antigen-specific lymphocyte responses in mice where Nrf2 k.o. switches Th2 responses to Th1 polarity. Delayed NRF2 responses to IR may be critical for the immune transition from prooxidant inflammation to antioxidant healing as well as in driving cellular radioresistance and survival. Targeting NRF2 to reprogram immunity could be of considerable therapeutic benefit in radiation and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| | - Ewa D. Micewicz
- Biotts S.A., Ul. Wrocławska 44C, 55-040 Bielany Wrocławskie, Poland
| | - Josephine A. Ratikan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| | - Keisuke S. Iwamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| | - Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| | - J. Tyson McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - William H. McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akhmetzyanova I, Aaron T, Galbo P, Tikhonova A, Dolgalev I, Tanaka M, Aifantis I, Zheng D, Zang X, Fooksman D. Tissue-resident macrophages promote early dissemination of multiple myeloma via IL-6 and TNFα. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3592-3608. [PMID: 34550328 PMCID: PMC8945576 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the presence of multiple foci in the skeleton. These distinct tumor foci represent cycles of tumor growth and dissemination that seed new clusters and drive disease progression. By using an intratibial Vk*MYC murine myeloma model, we found that CD169+ radiation-resistant tissue-resident macrophages (MPs) were critical for early dissemination of myeloma and disease progression. Depletion of these MPs had no effect on tumor proliferation, but it did reduce egress of myeloma from bone marrow (BM) and its spread to other bones. Depletion of MPs as a single therapy and in combination with BM transplantation improved overall survival. Dissemination of myeloma was correlated with an increased inflammatory signature in BM MPs. It was also correlated with the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by tumor-associated MPs. Exogenous intravenous IL-6 and TNFα can trigger myeloma intravasation in the BM by increasing vascular permeability in the BM and by enhancing the motility of myeloma cells by reducing the adhesion of CD138. Moreover, mice that lacked IL-6 had defects in disseminating myeloma similar to those in MP-depleted recipients. Mice that were deficient in TNFα or TNFα receptor (TNFR) had defects in disseminating MM, and engraftment was also impaired. These effects on dissemination of myeloma required production of cytokines in the radiation-resistant compartment that contained these radiation-resistant BM MPs. Taken together, we propose that egress of myeloma cells from BM is regulated by localized inflammation in foci, driven in part by CD169+ MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonya Aaron
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Phillip Galbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Anastasia Tikhonova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Masato Tanaka
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - David Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lippitz BE, Harris RA. A translational concept of immuno-radiobiology. Radiother Oncol 2019; 140:116-124. [PMID: 31271996 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional concepts of radiobiology model the direct radiation-induced cellular cytotoxicity but are not focused on late and sustained effects of radiation. Recent experimental data show the close involvement of immunological processes. METHODS Based on systematic PubMed searches, experimental data on immunological radiation effects are summarized and analyzed in a non-quantitative descriptive manner to provide a translational perspective on the immuno-modulatory impact of radiation in cancer. RESULTS Novel experimental findings document that sustained radiation effects are ultimately mediated through systemic factors such as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and involve a local immuno-stimulation. Increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cell is a prerequisite for long-term radiation effects. CD8+ T cell depletion induces radio-resistance in experimental tumors. The proposed sequence of events involves radiation-damaged cells that release HMGB1, which activates macrophages via TLR4 to a local immuno-stimulation via TNF, which contributes to maturation of DCs. The mature DCs migrate to lymph nodes where they trigger effective CD8+ T cell responses. Radiation effects are boosted, when the physiological self-terminating negative feedback of immune reactions is antagonised via blocking of TGF-β or via checkpoint inhibition with involvement of CD8+ T cells as common denominator. CONCLUSION The concept of immuno-radiobiology emphasizes the necessity for a functional integrity of APCs and T cells for the long-term effects of radiotherapy. Local irradiation at higher doses induces tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells, which can be boosted by immunotherapy. More systematic research is warranted to better understand the immunological effects of escalating radiation doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo E Lippitz
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Interdisciplinary Centre for Radiosurgery (ICERA), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Robert A Harris
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deana Y, Burgara-Estrella AJ, Montalvo-Corral M, Angulo-Molina A, Acosta-Elías MA, Silva-Campa E, Sarabia-Sainz JA, Rodríguez-Hernández IC, Pedroza-Montero MR. Effect of gamma irradiation doses in the structural and functional properties of mice splenic cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:286-297. [PMID: 30496016 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation is nowadays effectively used in cancer treatments. However, the effect of irradiation in immune-system cells is poorly understood and remains controversial. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of γ-irradiation in the structural and functional properties of mice splenic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structural traits of irradiated splenic cells were evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Functional properties were measured by gene and protein expression by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The induced cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay and the phagocytic capability by flow cytometry. RESULTS Membrane roughness and molecular composition of splenic adherent cells are not changed by irradiation doses exposure. An increase in transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. While protein expression decreased in IL-2 dose-dependent, relevant differences were identified in the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 at 27 Gy. An increase of cytotoxicity in irradiated cells at 7 Gy and 27 Gy doses was observed, while phagocytosis was slight increased at 7 Gy dose but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that γ-irradiation affects the splenic cells and changes the cytokines profile toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype and a tendency to increase the cytotoxicity was found, which implies a stimulation of immune response induced by γ-irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanik Deana
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México.,b Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics , University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern , Muttenz , Switzerland
| | | | - Maricela Montalvo-Corral
- c Departamento de Nutrición , Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. , Hermosillo , México
| | | | - Mónica A Acosta-Elías
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México
| | - Erika Silva-Campa
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México
| | - Jose A Sarabia-Sainz
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Volak A, LeRoy SG, Natasan JS, Park DJ, Cheah PS, Maus A, Fitzpatrick Z, Hudry E, Pinkham K, Gandhi S, Hyman BT, Mu D, GuhaSarkar D, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Sena-Esteves M, Badr CE, Maguire CA. Virus vector-mediated genetic modification of brain tumor stromal cells after intravenous delivery. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:293-305. [PMID: 29767307 PMCID: PMC6454875 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The malignant primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM) is generally incurable. New approaches are desperately needed. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated delivery of anti-tumor transgenes is a promising strategy, however direct injection leads to focal transgene spread in tumor and rapid tumor division dilutes out the extra-chromosomal AAV genome, limiting duration of transgene expression. Intravenous (IV) injection gives widespread distribution of AAV in normal brain, however poor transgene expression in tumor, and high expression in non-target cells which may lead to ineffective therapy and high toxicity, respectively. Delivery of transgenes encoding secreted, anti-tumor proteins to tumor stromal cells may provide a more stable and localized reservoir of therapy as they are more differentiated than fast-dividing tumor cells. Reactive astrocytes and tumor-associated macrophage/microglia (TAMs) are stromal cells that comprise a large portion of the tumor mass and are associated with tumorigenesis. In mouse models of GBM, we used IV delivery of exosome-associated AAV vectors driving green fluorescent protein expression by specific promoters (NF-κB-responsive promoter and a truncated glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter), to obtain targeted transduction of TAMs and reactive astrocytes, respectively, while avoiding transgene expression in the periphery. We used our approach to express the potent, yet toxic anti-tumor cytokine, interferon beta, in tumor stroma of a mouse model of GBM, and achieved a modest, yet significant enhancement in survival compared to controls. Noninvasive genetic modification of tumor microenvironment represents a promising approach for therapy against cancers. Additionally, the vectors described here may facilitate basic research in the study of tumor stromal cells in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Volak
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanley G LeRoy
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeya Shree Natasan
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Park
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Maus
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer Research Unit, The Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey Pinkham
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheetal Gandhi
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer Research Unit, The Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer Research Unit, The Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Dakai Mu
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christian E Badr
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Department of Neurology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamagishi T, Kodaka N, Kurose Y, Watanabe K, Nakano C, Kishimoto K, Oshio T, Niitsuma K, Matsuse H. Analysis of predictive parameters for the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis. Ann Thorac Med 2017; 12:252-258. [PMID: 29118857 PMCID: PMC5656943 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_355_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Prevention and effective treatment of radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP) could facilitate greater use of radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical parameters useful for early prediction of RP. METHODS: Blood sampling, pulmonary function testing, chest computed tomography, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed in patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer who had completed ≥60 Gy of RT, at baseline, shortly after RT, and at 1 month posttreatment. RESULTS: By 3 months post-RT, 11 patients developed RP (RP group) and the remaining 11 patients did not (NRP group). RT significantly increased total cell counts and alveolar macrophages in BAL of the NRP group, whereas lymphocyte count was increased in both groups. Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) increased and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased significantly in the BAL fluid (BALF) of the RP group following RT. Serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) increased significantly in the NRP group. SP-D in BALF from the RP group increased significantly with a subsequent increase in serum SP-D. Pulmonary dilution decreased similarly in both groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Increased SP-D in BALF, rather than that in serum, could be useful biomarkers in predicting RP. The MMP-9 in BALF might play a role in the pathogenesis of RP. Pulmonary dilution test may not be predictive of the development of RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yamagishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Kodaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kurose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kishimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oshio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Niitsuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsuse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Ghazaly M, Fadel N, Rashed E, El-Batal A, Kenawy S. Anti-inflammatory effect of selenium nanoparticles on the inflammation induced in irradiated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:101-110. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, but its bioavailability and toxicity are considerable limiting factors. The present study aimed to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of selenium nanoparticles (Nano-Se) on inflammation induced in irradiated rats. Paw volume and nociceptive threshold were measured in carrageenan-induced paw edema and hyperalgesia model. Leukocytic count, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR), and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) were estimated in the exudate collected from 6 day old air pouch model. Irradiated rats were exposed to 6 Gy gamma (γ)-irradiation. Nano-Se were administered orally in a dose of 2.55 mg/kg once before carrageenan injection in the first model and twice in the second model. The paw volume but not the nociceptive response produced by carrageenan in irradiated rats was higher than that induced in non-irradiated rats. Nano-Se were effective in reducing the paw volume in non-irradiated and irradiated rats but it did not alter the nociceptive threshold. The inflammation induced in irradiated rats increased all the estimated parameters in the exudate whereas; Nano-Se decreased their elevation in non-irradiated and irradiated rats. Nano-Se possess a potential anti-inflammatory activity on inflammation induced in irradiated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. El-Ghazaly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N. Fadel
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E. Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A. El-Batal
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S.A. Kenawy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vilalta M, Rafat M, Graves EE. Effects of radiation on metastasis and tumor cell migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2999-3007. [PMID: 27022944 PMCID: PMC4956569 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that tumor cells migrate from the primary lesion to distant sites to form metastases and that these lesions limit patient outcome in a majority of cases. However, the extent to which radiation influences this process and to which migration in turn alters radiation response remains controversial. There are preclinical and clinical reports showing that focal radiotherapy can both increase the development of distant metastasis, as well as that it can induce the regression of established metastases through the abscopal effect. More recently, preclinical studies have suggested that radiation can attract migrating tumor cells and may, thereby, facilitate tumor recurrence. In this review, we summarize these phenomena and their potential mechanisms of action, and evaluate their significance for modern radiation therapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vilalta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr., CCSR South Rm. 1255A, Stanford, CA, 94305-5152, USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr., CCSR South Rm. 1255A, Stanford, CA, 94305-5152, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr., CCSR South Rm. 1255A, Stanford, CA, 94305-5152, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sasi SP, Song J, Park D, Enderling H, McDonald JT, Gee H, Garrity B, Shtifman A, Yan X, Walsh K, Natarajan M, Kishore R, Goukassian DA. TNF-TNFR2/p75 signaling inhibits early and increases delayed nontargeted effects in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14178-93. [PMID: 24711449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed after being irradiated (IR) and is implicated in mediating radiobiological bystander responses (RBRs). Little is known about specific TNF receptors in regulating TNF-induced RBR in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs). Full body γ-IR WT BM-EPCs showed a biphasic response: slow decay of p-H2AX foci during the initial 24 h and increase between 24 h and 7 days post-IR, indicating a significant RBR in BM-EPCs in vivo. Individual TNF receptor (TNFR) signaling in RBR was evaluated in BM-EPCs from WT, TNFR1/p55KO, and TNFR2/p75KO mice, in vitro. Compared with WT, early RBR (1-5 h) were inhibited in p55KO and p75KO EPCs, whereas delayed RBR (3-5 days) were amplified in p55KO EPCs, suggesting a possible role for TNFR2/p75 signaling in delayed RBR. Neutralizing TNF in γ-IR conditioned media (CM) of WT and p55KO BM-EPCs largely abolished RBR in both cell types. ELISA protein profiling of WT and p55KO EPC γ-IR-CM over 5 days showed significant increases in several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1α (Interleukin-1 alpha), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and MCP-1. In vitro treatments with murine recombinant (rm) TNF-α and rmIL-1α, but not rmMCP-1 or rmRANTES, increased the formation of p-H2AX foci in nonirradiated p55KO EPCs. We conclude that TNF-TNFR2 signaling may induce RBR in naïve BM-EPCs and that blocking TNF-TNFR2 signaling may prevent delayed RBR in BM-EPCs, conceivably, in bone marrow milieu in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharath P Sasi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135
| | - Jin Song
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135
| | - Daniel Park
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135
| | - Heiko Enderling
- the Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- the Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Hannah Gee
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135
| | - Brittany Garrity
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135
| | - Alexander Shtifman
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Xinhua Yan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, the Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GeneSys Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, and
| | - Raj Kishore
- the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - David A Goukassian
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Steward Research and Specialty Projects Corporation, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hassanian M, Al-Mulhim A, Al-Sabhan A, Al-Amro S, Bamehriz F, Abdo A, Al Khalidi H, Aldoheyan TA. The effect of bariatric surgeries on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:270-8. [PMID: 25253361 PMCID: PMC4196341 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.141684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of published data addressing hepatic histopathological, metabolical, and functional changes following gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery, and biliopancreatic with duodenal switch surgeries on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is currently the most common chronic liver disease. Owing to the strong relationship between obesity and NAFLD, the idea of weight reduction as a method to treat NAFLD has rapidly emerged. Bariatric surgery has proved to be the most efficient method for weight reduction; hence, their beneficial effects on NAFLD have been evaluated by several studies. A literature review of published data was performed during the years 2012-2014 using PubMed with the following key words: Bariatric, NAFLD, steatosis, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR). Exclusion criteria were non-English articles and inherited NAFLD, pregnancy-induced NAFLD, and children. The majority of published data are in favor of indicating that bariatric surgeries improve the histologic and metabolic changes associated with NAFLD. The suggested mechanisms are: The reversal of IR, reduction of inflammatory markers, and improved histological features of NAFLD. Accordingly, bariatric surgeries are potentially one of the future methods in treating patients with morbid obesity and NAFLD. However, some questions remain unanswered, such as whether timing of surgery, type of surgery most effective, and whether bariatric surgeries are capable of curing the disease. Long-term and well-designed prospective studies are needed to address these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Hassanian
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mazen Hassanian, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 25179, Riyadh 11466, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Amnah Al-Mulhim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Al-Sabhan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaden Al-Amro
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Bamehriz
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdo
- Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Al Khalidi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kutanes Strahlensyndrom nach akzidenteller Exposition des Hautorgans mit ionisierenden Strahlen. Hautarzt 2013; 64:894-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Sprung CN, Ivashkevich A, Forrester HB, Redon CE, Georgakilas A, Martin OA. Oxidative DNA damage caused by inflammation may link to stress-induced non-targeted effects. Cancer Lett 2013; 356:72-81. [PMID: 24041866 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A spectrum of radiation-induced non-targeted effects has been reported during the last two decades since Nagasawa and Little first described a phenomenon in cultured cells that was later called the "bystander effect". These non-targeted effects include radiotherapy-related abscopal effects, where changes in organs or tissues occur distant from the irradiated region. The spectrum of non-targeted effects continue to broaden over time and now embrace many types of exogenous and endogenous stressors that induce a systemic genotoxic response including a widely studied tumor microenvironment. Here we discuss processes and factors leading to DNA damage induction in non-targeted cells and tissues and highlight similarities in the regulation of systemic effects caused by different stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alesia Ivashkevich
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandros Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga A Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Russell JS, Brown JM. The irradiated tumor microenvironment: role of tumor-associated macrophages in vascular recovery. Front Physiol 2013; 4:157. [PMID: 23882218 PMCID: PMC3713331 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important modality used in the treatment of more than 50% of cancer patients in the US. However, despite sophisticated techniques for radiation delivery as well as the combination of radiation with chemotherapy, tumors can recur. Thus, any method of improving the local control of the primary tumor by radiotherapy would produce a major improvement in the curability of cancer patients. One of the challenges in the field is to understand how the tumor vasculature can regrow after radiation in order to support tumor recurrence, as it is unlikely that any of the endothelial cells within the tumor could survive the doses given in a typical radiotherapy regimen. There is now considerable evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies that the tumor vasculature can be restored following radiotherapy from an influx of circulating cells consisting primarily of bone marrow derived monocytes and macrophages. The radiation-induced influx of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) into tumors can be prevented through the blockade of various cytokine pathways and such strategies can inhibit tumor recurrence. However, the post-radiation interactions between surviving tumor cells, recruited immune cells, and the remaining stroma remain poorly defined. While prior studies have described the monocyte/macrophage inflammatory response within normal tissues and in the tumor microenvironment, less is known about this response with respect to a tumor after radiation therapy. The goal of this review is to summarize existing research studies to provide an understanding of how the myelomonocytic lineage may influence vascular recovery within the irradiated tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery S Russell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
De Rosa G, Misso G, Salzano G, Caraglia M. Bisphosphonates and cancer: what opportunities from nanotechnology? JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:637976. [PMID: 23533771 PMCID: PMC3603225 DOI: 10.1155/2013/637976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are synthetic analogues of naturally occurring pyrophosphate compounds. They are used in clinical practice to inhibit bone resorption in bone metastases, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. BPs induce apoptosis because they can be metabolically incorporated into nonhydrolyzable analogues of adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs), second-generation BPs, act by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. These molecules are able to induce apoptosis of a number of cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, antiangiogenic effect of BPs has also been reported. However, despite these promising properties, BPs rapidly accumulate into the bone, thus hampering their use to treat extraskeletal tumors. Nanotechnologies can represent an opportunity to limit BP accumulation into the bone, thus increasing drug level in extraskeletal sites of the body. Thus, nanocarriers encapsulating BPs can be used to target macrophages, to reduce angiogenesis, and to directly kill cancer cell. Moreover, nanocarriers can be conjugated with BPs to specifically deliver anticancer agent to bone tumors. This paper describes, in the first part, the state-of-art on the BPs, and, in the following part, the main studies in which nanotechnologies have been proposed to investigate new indications for BPs in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 8013 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Salzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 8013 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Müller K, Meineke V. Radiation-induced mast cell mediators differentially modulate chemokine release from dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 61:199-205. [PMID: 21292447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation has been demonstrated to result in degranulation of dermal mast cells. Chemokines are thought to play a crucial role in the early phase of the cutaneous radiation reaction. In human skin, mast cells are located in close proximity to dermal fibroblasts, which thus are a potential target for the action of mast cell mediators. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the effects of mast cell-derived histamine, serotonin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and tryptase on chemokine release from dermal fibroblasts. METHODS Human mast cells (HMC-1) were investigated for histamine release and cytokine production after ionizing radiation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Receptor expression on human fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2) and human adult skin fibroblasts (HDFa) was examined by flow cytometry. Chemokine mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by gene array and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Ionizing radiation significantly increased histamine release and cytokine expression by HMC-1 cells. Receptors for histamine, serotonin, TNF-α and tryptase were detected both in HFFF2 and in HDFa cells. Dermal fibroblasts constitutively expressed distinct sets of chemokine mRNA. Mast cell mediators differentially affected the release of chemokines CCL8, CCL13, CXCL4 and CXCL6 by fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that radiation-induced mast cell mediators have a tremendous impact on inflammatory cell recruitment into irradiated skin. We postulate the activation of mast cells to be an initial key event in the cutaneous radiation reaction, which might offer promising targets for treatment of both normal tissue side effects in radiation therapy and radiation injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
EL-Ghazaly MA, Nada AS, EL-Hazek RM, Khayyal MT. Effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib on adjuvant-induced arthritis model in irradiated rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:1079-87. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.501839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
18
|
Meng Y, Beckett MA, Liang H, Mauceri HJ, van Rooijen N, Cohen KS, Weichselbaum RR. Blockade of Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling in Tumor-Associated Macrophages as a Radiosensitizing Strategy. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1534-43. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Michelin S, Gallegos CE, Dubner D, Favier B, Carosella ED. Ionizing radiation modulates the surface expression of human leukocyte antigen-G in a human melanoma cell line. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:1010-5. [PMID: 19665041 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule involved in fetus protection from the maternal immune system, transplant tolerance, and viral and tumoral immune escape. Tumor-specific HLA-G expression has been described for a wide variety of malignancies, including melanomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ionizing radiation (IR) could modulate the surface expression of HLA-G1 in a human melanoma cell line that expresses endogenously membrane-bound HLA-G1. For this purpose, cells were exposed to increasing doses of gamma-irradiation (0-20 Gy) and HLA-G1 levels at the plasma membrane were analyzed at different times postirradiation by flow cytometry. HLA-G total expression and the presence of the soluble form of HLA-G1 (sHLA-G1) in the culture medium of irradiated cells were also evaluated. IR was capable of downregulating cell surface and total HLA-G levels, with a concomitant increase of sHLA-G1 in the medium. These results could indicate that gamma-irradiation decreases HLA-G1 surface levels by enhancing the proteolytic cleavage of this molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severino Michelin
- Radiopathology Laboratory, Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khayyal MT, El-Ghazaly MA, El-Hazek RM, Nada AS. The effects of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, on acute inflammation induced in irradiated rats. Inflammopharmacology 2009; 17:255-66. [PMID: 19798548 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-009-0014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential value of selective and non-selective COX-2 inhibitors in preventing some of the biochemical changes induced by ionizing radiation was studied in rats exposed to carrageenan-induced paw edema and 6-day-old air pouch models. The animals were exposed to different exposure levels of gamma-radiation, namely either to single doses of 2 and 7.5 Gy or a fractionated dose level of 7.5 Gy delivered as 0.5 Gy twice weekly for 7.5 weeks. The inflammatory response produced by carrageenan in irradiated rats was markedly higher than that induced in non-irradiated animals, and depended on the extent of irradiation. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in doses of 3, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg was effective in reducing paw edema in irradiated and non-irradiated rats in a dose-dependent manner as well as diclofenac (3 mg/kg), a non-selective COX inhibitor. Irradiation of animals before the induction of the air pouch by an acute dose of 2 Gy led to a significant increase in leukocytic count, as well as in the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), LTB(4), PGE(2) (as an index of COX-2 activity), TXB(2) (as an index of COX-1 activity), and the plasma level of MDA. This increase in level of these parameters was more marked than that observed in the non-irradiated animals subjected to the inflammagen. The blood GSH level was not affected by the dose of irradiation used, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was suppressed. In many respects, celecoxib (5 mg/kg) was as potent as diclofenac in decreasing the elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, LTB(4), PGE(2), but lacked any significant effect on TXB(2) level. Since it is mostly selective for COX-2 with a rare effect on COX-1 enzyme, both drugs at the selected dose levels showed no effect on level of MDA, GSH, and SOD activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Khayyal
- Pharmacology Department, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Novoselova EG, Ogay VB, Sorokina OV, Glushkova OV, Sinotova OA, Fesenko EE. The Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Cells of Tumor-Bearing Mice After Total-Body Microwave Irradiation and Antioxidant Diet. Electromagn Biol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/lebm-200042320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
22
|
Bertho JM, Demarquay C, Mouiseddine M, Douenat N, Stefani J, Prat M, Paquet F. Bone marrow stromal cells spontaneously produce Flt3-ligand: Influence of ionizing radiations and cytokine stimulation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:659-67. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802029928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Conrad S, Ritter S, Fournier C, Nixdorff K. Differential effects of irradiation with carbon ions and x-rays on macrophage function. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2009; 50:223-231. [PMID: 19398853 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.08115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are potent elicitors of inflammatory reactions that can play both positive and negative roles in radiotherapy. While several studies have investigated the effects of X-rays or gamma-rays on macrophages, virtually no work has been done on the responses of these cells to irradiation with carbon ions. Investigations into the effects of carbon ion irradiation are of particular interest in light of the fact that this type of radiation is being used increasingly for cancer therapy. In the present investigation we compared the effects of 250 kV X-rays with those of 9.8 MeV/u carbon ions on RAW 264.7 macrophages over a wide range of radiation doses. Macrophage functions including vitality, phagocytic activity, production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNFalpha and production of nitric oxide (NO) were measured. In comparison to lymphocytes and fibroblasts, macrophages showed only a small decrease in vitality after irradiation with either X-rays or carbon ions. Proinflammatory cytokines and NO were induced in macrophages by LPS but not by irradiation alone. X-rays or carbon ions had little modulating effect on LPS-induced TNFalpha production. However, LPS-induced NO increased in a dose dependent manner up to 6-fold after carbon ion irradiation, while X-ray irradiation did not have this effect. Carbon ion irradiation mediated a concomitant decrease in IL-1beta production. Carbon ions also had a greater effect than X-rays in enhancing the phagocytic activity of macrophages. These results underscore the greater potential of carbon ion irradiation with regard to radiobiological effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure of skin results in a cutaneous radiation reaction comprising all pathophysiological reactions and clinical symptoms in irradiated skin. Biological responses of skin occur in a characteristic temporal pattern and mainly depend on radiation quality, dose rate, total dose, and cellular conditions. Immediately after irradiation, production of cytokines by skin cells is initiated and continues as a cascade during all stages of the cutaneous radiation syndrome leading to progressive late symptoms, the predominant of which is fibrosis. Cytokines are important signaling molecules mediating communicative interactions both locally between different cell types within dermal tissues and distantly between organs. Although during recent years much progress has been made in dissecting the complex cytokine network, the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of the cutaneous radiation reaction is only beginning to be elucidated. Previous studies indicate that the major cytokines in the response of skin cells to ionizing radiation include IL (interleukin)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and the chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin. In this paper, existing data on the radiation-induced modulation of cytokine expression by skin cells are reviewed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tabata C, Kadokawa Y, Tabata R, Takahashi M, Okoshi K, Sakai Y, Mishima M, Kubo H. All-trans-retinoic acid prevents radiation- or bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:1352-60. [PMID: 17023731 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200606-862oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although radiotherapy is effective in treating lung cancers, resultant pulmonary injury is the main obstacle. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by progressive worsening in pulmonary function leading to high incidence of death. Currently, however, there has been little progress in effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES Previously, we reported that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) reduced both irradiation-induced interleukin (IL)-6 production in lung fibroblasts and IL-6-dependent cell growth, and also directly inhibited the proliferation of lung fibroblasts after irradiation. In this study, we examined the preventive effect of ATRA on the progression of lung fibrosis both in irradiated and bleomycin-treated mice. MEASUREMENTS We performed histologic examinations and quantitative measurements of IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1), and collagen type Ialpha1 (COL1A1) in irradiated and bleomycin- treated mouse lung tissues with or without the administration of ATRA. RESULTS Lethal irradiation effect was reduced by intraperitoneal administration of ATRA, and the overall survival rate at 16 wk was 30.0% without ATRA (n = 11), whereas it was 81.8% (n = 10) in the treatment group (p = 0.04). In vitro studies disclosed that the administration of ATRA reduced (1) irradiation-induced production of IL-6, TGF-beta(1), and collagen from IMR90 cells, and (2) IL-6-dependent proliferation and TGF-beta(1)-dependent transdifferentiation of the cells, which could be the mechanism underlying the preventive effect of ATRA on lung fibrosis. Furthermore, ATRA ameliorated bleomycin-induced fibrosis in mouse lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS These data may provide a rationale to explore clinical use of ATRA for the prevention of radiation-induced lung fibrosis and other pathologic conditions involving pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Tabata
- Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Müller K, Köhn FM, Port M, Abend M, Molls M, Ring J, Meineke V. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1: a consistent inflammatory marker of the cutaneous radiation reaction both in vitro
and in vivo. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:670-9. [PMID: 16965414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation damage to skin is a key diagnostic and prognostic parameter for patients accidentally exposed to radiation. Moreover, skin is a target organ for crucial side-effects of routine radiotherapy. The pathophysiology of the cutaneous radiation reaction is in many respects still unknown. The acute inflammatory radiation reaction of skin has been shown to involve alterations in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which are mediated by cellular adhesion molecules. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in human skin cells. METHODS Dermal monolayer cells, a three-dimensional skin model and skin biopsies were investigated for ICAM-1 expression after ionizing radiation using flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. ICAM-1 expression in monolayer cells pretreated with protein kinase inhibitors and dexamethasone prior to irradiation was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Using different sources of skin cells, we demonstrated a consistent upregulation of both ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression by ionizing radiation. Blocking experiments revealed that tumour necrosis factor-alpha, another ICAM-1 inducer, does not account for the effect of radiation. Radiation-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 expression was significantly attenuated by inhibitors to protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) ERK kinase, p38 MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone suppressed the effect of radiation on ICAM-1 expression, suggesting its usefulness to treat the cutaneous radiation reaction. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ICAM-1 is a consistent inflammatory parameter of the cutaneous radiation reaction both in vitro and in vivo that might provide new therapeutic options for diagnosis and treatment of effects of radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gattinoni L, Powell DJ, Rosenberg SA, Restifo NP. Adoptive immunotherapy for cancer: building on success. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:383-93. [PMID: 16622476 PMCID: PMC1473162 DOI: 10.1038/nri1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer after host preconditioning by lymphodepletion represents an important advance in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we describe how a lymphopaenic environment enables tumour-reactive T cells to destroy large burdens of metastatic tumour and how the state of differentiation of the adoptively transferred T cells can affect the outcome of treatment. We also discuss how the translation of these new findings might further improve the efficacy of adoptive cell transfer through the use of vaccines, haematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation, modified preconditioning regimens, and alternative methods for the generation and selection of the T cells to be transferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gattinoni
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Room 3-5762, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1201, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tabata C, Kubo H, Tabata R, Wada M, Sakuma K, Ichikawa M, Fujita S, Mio T, Mishima M. All-trans retinoic acid modulates radiation-induced proliferation of lung fibroblasts via IL-6/IL-6R system. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 290:L597-606. [PMID: 16257998 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00282.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although high-dose thoracic radiotherapy is an effective strategy for some malignancies including lung cancers and malignant lymphomas, it often causes complications of radiation fibrosis. To study the mechanism initiating tissue fibrosis, we investigated irradiation-induced cytokine production from human lung fibroblastic cells and found that IL-6 production was stimulated by irradiation. IL-6 is an autocrine growth factor for human myeloma cells, and retinoic acid is reported to inhibit their growth. Thus we evaluated the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on cell proliferation of lung fibroblasts along with the cytokine/receptor system. Irradiation-dependent stimulation of IL-6 production was correlated with increased NF-kappaB activity, and ATRA reduced this effect. Irradiation also increased the levels of mRNA for IL-6R and gp130, which were blocked by coexisting ATRA. Furthermore, IL-6 stimulated cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner but was overcome by pharmacological concentration of ATRA. These effects of ATRA were inhibited by rottlerin, which suggests ATRA abolished irradiation-induced stimulation through a PKCdelta-dependent pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that IL-6 transcripts in the lung were upregulated at 2 mo after irradiation, and the effect was inhibited by the intraperitoneal administration of ATRA. ATRA is expected to have an advantage for radiotherapy in its antitumor effects, as reported previously, and to prevent radiotherapy-induced pulmonary injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Tabata
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Univ. 54 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan 606-8507.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Klebanoff CA, Khong HT, Antony PA, Palmer DC, Restifo NP. Sinks, suppressors and antigen presenters: how lymphodepletion enhances T cell-mediated tumor immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2005; 26:111-7. [PMID: 15668127 PMCID: PMC1388277 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Klebanoff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1502, USA
| | - Hung T Khong
- University of South Alabama Cancer Research Institute, 307 N. University Blvd./MSB 2015, Mobile, AL 36688-0002, USA
| | - Paul A Antony
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1502, USA
| | - Douglas C Palmer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1502, USA
- Corresponding author: Palmer, D.C. ()
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1502, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abayomi OK. Neck irradiation, carotid injury and its consequences. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:872-8. [PMID: 15380164 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carotid stenosis is a major sequela of head and neck irradiation that has not received the attention it deserves. Its impact on the quality of life of patients can be substantial. This review discusses the incidence, pathogenesis and consequences of radiation-induced carotid stenosis following head and neck irradiation. This review is based on literature search (Medline and Pub Med) and cross-referencing. The incidence of significant carotid stenosis following head and neck irradiation range from 30% to 50%. Patients with carotid stenosis are at increased risk for stroke. Factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking and obesity increase the risk. Increased attention to the clinical signs of carotid stenosis and evaluation of these patients with appropriate imaging studies, together with strict implementation of management of hypertension and diabetes and, counseling on obesity and smoking have the potential to reduce the incidence of this sequela of head and neck irradiation. Those patients with severe carotid stenosis can be managed with endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi K Abayomi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Massey Cancer Center, Basement Floor, 401 College Street, PO Box 980058, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brown S, Konopa J, Zhou D, Thompson J. Expression of TNFalpha by CD3+ and F4/80+ cells following irradiation preconditioning and allogeneic spleen cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:359-65. [PMID: 14676780 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) includes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) expression by macrophages and T cells. However, the temporal comparison of donor vs host cells to TNFalpha expression in response to irradiation conditioning and alloreactivity has not been reported. This study compared intracellular TNFalpha expression in donor vs host spleen T cells and macrophages using a murine model of aGVHD. Total body irradiation conditioning alone resulted in increased frequency of F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells, but no increase in CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells. Syngeneic transplantation resulted in an increased frequency of F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells, while CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells increased on days 1 and 3 but declined on day 5. Allogeneic transplantation resulted in an increased frequency of donor CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells, while the frequency of host CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells declined. Similarly, donor F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells also increased in frequency after allotransplantation, while the frequency of host F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells was increased on day 1 and declined through days 3 and 5. In absolute cell numbers, CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells were greater than F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells post allotransplantation. We conclude that (1) both donor and host CD3+ and F4/80+cells are present in the post transplant period and contribute to TNFalpha production and (2) in terms of frequency, the majority of TNFalpha producing cells in the spleen after allogeneic BMT are CD3+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Brown
- VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Belka C, Jendrossek V, Pruschy M, Vink S, Verheij M, Budach W. Apoptosis-modulating agents in combination with radiotherapy-current status and outlook. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:542-54. [PMID: 14751526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To increase the therapeutic efficacy of ionizing radiation or to reduce radiation-mediated side effects, diverse research centers for translational radiation oncology have headed for a specific modulation of defined cellular death pathways. In this regard, several signaling systems have proved to be of high potential value. RESULTS It has previously been shown that apoptotic pathways induced by ionizing radiation are distinct from death pathways triggered by death ligands such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The combination of both radiation and TRAIL was highly efficient in vitro and in preclinical mouse models. However, several aspects of normal tissue toxicity have not been solved, and no Phase I data are available yet. A second approach tested in a Phase I trial is based on the observation that synthetic phospholipid derivatives (alkyllysophospholipids and alkylphosphocholines) strongly enhance apoptotic effects by modulating the balance among the mitogenic, anti-apoptotic MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and the pro-apoptotic SAPK/JNK signaling pathways. Furthermore, others have provided evidence that inhibition of anti-apoptotic signals generated by mitogenic stimuli may increase radiation responses. In this context, controversial data are available regarding the influence of a pharmacologic abrogation of MEK1, Erk1/2 signaling on apoptotic sensitivity but no Phase I trials of MEK inhibitors either alone or in combination with radiation have yet been published. However, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway using compounds such as the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor PKC412 has been shown to induce apoptosis or to increase the apoptotic sensitivity of tumor cells. Therefore, these drugs may be used alone or in combination with radiation to increase tumor control; however, Phase I data are lacking. Several other drugs, including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, betulinic acid, and proteasome inhibitors, have been shown to interact with apoptotic signal transduction. Again, most of the drugs have not been tested in combination with radiation in vivo or-in the case of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors-exert pleiotropic effects. CONCLUSION Although the examples do not reflect all available strategies, it is clear that several promising approaches targeting defined cell death pathways have been developed and entered into clinical trials. The use of synthetic phospholipid derivatives in a Phase I trial is an important example, proving that basic research in radiation biology finally guides the development of new treatment strategies. This, and other approaches, will hopefully increase tumor control rates and reduce side effects in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hachiya M, Takada M, Sekikawa K, Akashi M. Endogenous production of TNFalpha is a potent trigger of NFkappaB activation by irradiation in human monocytic cells THP-1. Cytokine 2004; 25:147-54. [PMID: 15162831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation causes DNA damage and induces neoplastic transformation. In response to irradiation, cells induce genes or activate proteins that protect themselves from the external insult. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activates transcription of target genes and plays important roles in inflammation. We studied the mechanism(s) for activation of NFkappaB by irradiation in human monocytic cells THP-1. Gel mobility shift assays showed that irradiation stimulated the NFkappaB-DNA binding activity of nuclear extracts from these cells. Western blot analysis using polyclonal antibody against phosphorylated IkappaB protein showed that irradiation increased the levels of phosphorylated IkappaB. The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) was stimulated by irradiation in these cells. Treatment with exogenously added TNFalpha also stimulated the NFkappaB binding activity with concomitant degradation of IkappaB. Further study found that the activation of NFkappaB by irradiation was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-TNFalpha antibody. Macrophages from TNFalpha-deficient mice were also defective in the irradiation-induced activation of NFkappaB. These results indicate that endogenous production of TNFalpha in macrophages/monocytes is required for NFkappaB activation by irradiation. Our data also suggest that TNFalpha in monocytes/macrophages exposed to irradiation is involved in signal transduction network initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misao Hachiya
- Department of Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Albanese J, Dainiak N. Modulation of intercellular communication mediated at the cell surface and on extracellular, plasma membrane-derived vesicles by ionizing radiation. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:455-64. [PMID: 12829020 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a dynamic organelle whose function includes receptor-mediated signal transduction into the cell. Conversely, the plasma membrane is the origin of inter-cellular signaling. In addition to expressing and releasing growth factors in a soluble form(through exocytosis) and via proteolysis of cell surface components, membrane ligands may signal nearby cells through juxtacrine stimulation or by the exfoliation or shedding of plasma membrane-derived vesicles. Ionizing radiation (IR) has a profound effect on plasma membrane structure and function. IR-induced ultrastructural alterations are mediated via lipid interaction with water radiolysis products (e.g., hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen radicals, and hydrated electrons). Ionizing radicals act directly on lipid molecules to promote lipid hydro-peroxides and lipid hydroperoxide breakdown products (e.g., alpha, beta unsaturated aldehydes) that contribute to altered plasma membrane lipid composition. A change in lipid composition increases membrane lipid microviscosity and results in membrane fenestrations that enhance permeability to small molecules and ions. Reactive ionizing species also stimulate sphingomyelinase activity, leading to sphingomyelin hydrolysis and ceramide generation that further contributes to altered membrane lipid composition and cellular apoptosis. In addition, exposure to IR results in impaired rate of and cumulative shedding of plasma membrane-associated growth factors. Mechanisms of exfoliation are reviewed for normal cells and the impact of radiation on modulating signal transduction mediated by exfoliation is summarized.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ibuki Y, Mizuno S, Goto R. gamma-Irradiation-induced DNA damage enhances NO production via NF-kappaB activation in RAW264.7 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1593:159-67. [PMID: 12581860 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) production in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 after gamma-irradiation. The cells treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed enhanced NO production by gamma-irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, accompanying the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation was induced 1 h after gamma-irradiation dose-dependently, which was detected by the degradation of I-kappaB. Inhibitors of I-kappaB degradation, MG132 and N(alpha)-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), suppressed the further increase by gamma-irradiation in IFN-gamma-induced NO production, showing that gamma-irradiation induced NO production via NF-kappaB activation. Although NF-kappaB is known to be a redox-sensitive transcription factor, the antioxidant agents N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) showed no suppression and treatment with H(2)O(2) showed only slight enhancement of IFN-gamma-induced NO production. The DNA damaging agents camptothecin and etoposide enhanced IFN-gamma-induced NO production and showed I-kappaB degradation, indicating that the increase in NO production was due to direct DNA damage. Furthermore, 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and benzamide, inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) that are activated upon recognition of DNA strand breaks, suppressed the further increase by gamma-irradiation in IFN-gamma-induced NO production and the I-kappaB degradation by gamma-irradiation. We concluded that (1) the increase in NO production was due to direct DNA damage by gamma-irradiation, and that (2) PARP activation through DNA damage induced NF-kappaB activation, leading to iNOS expression and NO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ibuki
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gupta VK, Park JO, Kurihara T, Koons A, Mauceri HJ, Jaskowiak NT, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR, Posner MC. Selective gene expression using a DF3/MUC1 promoter in a human esophageal adenocarcinoma model. Gene Ther 2003; 10:206-12. [PMID: 12571627 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of replication-deficient adenoviral vectors in gene therapy is confined to the number of tumor cells the vector infects. To focus and enhance the therapeutic efficacy, we employed a conditionally replication-competent adenoviral vector with a tissue-specific promoter, DF3/MUC1, in a human esophageal adenocarcinoma model. Our results demonstrate that Ad.DF3.E1A.CMV.TNF (Ad.DF3.TNF) specifically replicates in Bic-1 (DF3-producing cells) and mediates an enhanced biologic effect due to increased TNF-alpha in the same DF3-producing cells. We also show that the increased TNF-alpha interacts with ionizing radiation to produce greater tumor regression and a greater delay in tumor regrowth in Bic-1 (DF3-producing cells) compared to Seg-1 (DF3 non-producers). Tumor cell targeting using conditionally replication-competent adenoviral vectors with tumor-specific promoters to drive viral replication and deliver TNF-alpha provides a novel approach to enhancing tumor radiosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Abstract
Radiotherapeutic normal tissue injury can be viewed as two simultaneously ongoing and interacting processes. The first has many features in common with the healing of traumatic wounds. The second is a set of transient or permanent alterations of cellular and extracellular components within the irradiated volume. In contrast to physical trauma, fractionated radiation therapy produces a series of repeated insults to tissues that undergo significant changes during the course of radiotherapy. Normal tissue responses are also influenced by rate of dose accumulation and other factors that relate to the radiation therapy schedule. This article reviews the principles of organised normal tissue responses during and after radiation therapy, the effect of radiation therapy on these responses, as well as some of the mechanisms underlying the development of recognisable injury. Important clinical implications relevant to these processes are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Denham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Newcastle Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Newcastle University, Locked Bag 7, Hunter Region Mail Centre, NSW 2310, Newcastle, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hosoi Y, Miyachi H, Matsumoto Y, Enomoto A, Nakagawa K, Suzuki N, Ono T. Induction of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 mRNA by low doses of ionizing radiation in macrophages. Int J Cancer 2001; 96:270-6. [PMID: 11582579 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the antimetastatic effects and augmentation of immune responses, which would be a mechanism of the antimetastatic effects, of 0.1 to 0.2 Gy total body irradiation. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms of the augmentation of immune response, we investigated the effects of low-dose irradiation on gene expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6 using mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Absolute mRNA quantification was carried out using competitive polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression of IL-1beta and IL-6 was increased 1 to 2 hr after 2.0 Gy irradiation and then decreased to below the basal expression level 4 hr after irradiation. Irradiation with 0.1 Gy increased IL-6 expression 2 hr after irradiation, but it did not affect IL-1beta expression. Downregulation of IL-1beta and IL-6 observed 4 hr after 2.0 Gy irradiation was not observed with 0.1 Gy irradiation. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H7 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor wortmannin inhibited induction of IL-1beta and IL-6 expression, which suggests that radiation-induced IL-1beta and IL-6 expression is achieved by PKC- and PI3-kinase-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hosoi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
McKinney LC, Aquilla EM, Coffin D, Wink DA, Vodovotz Y. Ionizing radiation potentiates the induction of nitric oxide synthase by interferon-gamma and/or lipopolysaccharide in murine macrophage cell lines. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 899:61-8. [PMID: 10863529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages respond to infection or injury by changing from a "resting" cellular phenotype to an "activated" state defined by the expression of various cytotoxic effector functions. Regulation of the transition from a resting to an activated state is effected by cytokine and/or pathogenic signals. Some signals do not directly induce activation, but instead "prime" the macrophage to respond more vigorously to a second signal. One example of this priming phenomenon involves induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Our experiments indicate that low doses (1-5 Gy) of ionizing radiation can enhance the induction of enzymatically active NOS2 by IFN-gamma or LPS in J774.1 and RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell lines. Radiation alone did not produce this induction, rather, it was effective as a priming signal; cells exposed to radiation produced more NO when a second signal, either IFN-gamma or LPS, was applied 24 h later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C McKinney
- Department of Radiation Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5145, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ferrara JL, Holler E, Blazar B. Monoclonal antibody and receptor antagonist therapy for GVHD. Cancer Treat Res 2000; 101:331-68. [PMID: 10800656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4987-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ferrara
- University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sojka DK, Donepudi M, Bluestone JA, Mokyr MB. Melphalan and other anticancer modalities up-regulate B7-1 gene expression in tumor cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:6230-6. [PMID: 10843675 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show that administration of low-dose melphalan (l -PAM, l -phenylalanine mustard) to mice bearing a large MOPC-315 plasmacytoma led to a rapid up-regulation of B7-1 (CD80), but not B7-2 (CD86), expression on the surface of MOPC-315 tumor cells. This l -PAM-induced preferential up-regulation of B7-1 surface expression was due, at least in part, to a direct effect of l -PAM on the tumor cells, as in vitro exposure of MOPC-315 tumor cells to l -PAM led to the preferential up-regulation of B7-1 surface expression. Moreover, in vitro exposure of MOPC-315 tumor cells to two other anticancer modalities, gamma-irradiation and mitomycin C, resulted in the preferential up-regulation of B7-1 surface expression. This effect was not restricted to MOPC-315 tumor cells, as preferential up-regulation of B7-1 surface expression was observed also following in vitro exposure of the P815 mastocytoma (that is negative for both B7-1 and B7-2 surface expression) to any of the three anticancer modalities. The up-regulation of B7-1 surface expression following in vitro exposure of tumor cells to l -PAM, gamma-irradiation, or mitomycin C required de novo protein and RNA synthesis, and was associated with the accumulation of mRNA for B7-1 within 4-8 h, indicating that the regulation of B7-1 expression is at the RNA transcriptional level. These results have important implications for an additional immune-potentiating mechanism of these anticancer modalities in clinical setting.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/radiation effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-1 Antigen/radiation effects
- B7-2 Antigen
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/radiation effects
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Gamma Rays
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma
- Melphalan/administration & dosage
- Melphalan/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/radiation effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mitomycin/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Plasmacytoma/genetics
- Plasmacytoma/immunology
- Plasmacytoma/metabolism
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins/physiology
- RNA/biosynthesis
- RNA/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Sojka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hachiya M, Osawa Y, Akashi M. Role of TNFalpha in regulation of myeloperoxidase expression in irradiated HL60 promyelocytic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1495:237-49. [PMID: 10699463 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation increases the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme-containing glycoprotein located in the primary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, reacts with H(2)O(2) and halide ion and produces a more potent microbicidal oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Human HL60 promyelocytes constitutively had high levels of MPO protein and mRNA. Irradiation decreased the levels of MPO transcripts; the decrease in MPO transcripts by irradiation occurred in an almost dose-dependent manner. HL60 cells produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and irradiation markedly increased the TNFalpha production in these cells; in turn, TNFalpha decreased the levels of MPO transcripts in these cells. Furthermore, treatment of cells with anti-TNFalpha antibody blocked the reduction of MPO by irradiation. We also found that irradiation decreased the levels of the MPO mRNA with concomitant increased levels of TNFalpha mRNA in differentiation-induced HL60 cells and human THP-1 monocytic cells. Irradiation reduced the rate of MPO transcription but had only a slight effect on the half-life of MPO mRNA in HL60 cells. Our results suggest that irradiation reduces the steady-state levels of MPO mRNA mainly at transcriptional level and the endogenous production of TNFalpha is required for the reduction by irradiation in HL60 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hachiya
- Division of Radiation Health, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba City, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yoo JC, Pae HO, Choi BM, Kim WI, Kim JD, Kim YM, Chung HT. Ionizing radiation potentiates the induction of nitric oxide synthase by interferon-gamma (Ifn-gamma) or Ifn-gamma and lipopolysaccharide in bnl cl.2 murine embryonic liver cells: role of hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:390-6. [PMID: 10699750 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ionizing irradiation on the nitric oxide (NO) production in murine embryonic liver cell line, BNL CL.2 cells, were investigated. Various doses (5-40 Gy) of radiation made BNL CL.2 cells responsive to interferon-gamma alone for the production of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Small amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synergized with IFN-gamma in the production of NO from irradiated BNL CL.2 cells, even though LPS or TNF-alpha alone did not induce NO production from the same cells. Immunoblots showed parallel induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NO production in irradiated BNL CL.2 cells by IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma plus LPS was decreased by the addition of catalase, suggesting that H(2)O(2) produced by ionizing irradiation primed the cells to trigger NO production in response to IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma plus LPS. Furthermore, the treatment of nongamma-irradiated BNL CL.2 cells with H(2)O(2) made the cells responsive to IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma plus LPS for the production of NO. This study shows that ionizing irradiation has the ability to induce iNOS gene expression in responsive to IFN-gamma via the formation of H(2)O(2) in BNL CL.2 murine embryonic liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, and Medicinal Resource Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbug, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Blijlevens NM, Donnelly JP, De Pauw BE. Mucosal barrier injury: biology, pathology, clinical counterparts and consequences of intensive treatment for haematological malignancy: an overview. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:1269-78. [PMID: 10871732 PMCID: PMC7091624 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis is an inevitable side-effect of the conditioning regimens used for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The condition is better referred to as mucosal barrier injury (MBI) since it is primarily the result of toxicity and is a complex and dynamic pathobiological process manifested not only in the mouth but also throughout the entire digestive tract. A model has been proposed for oral MBI and consists of four phases, namely inflammatory, epithelial, ulcerative and healing phases. A variety of factors are involved in causing and modulating MBI including the nature of the conditioning regimen, the elaboration of pro-inflammatory and other cytokines, translocation of the resident microflora and their products, for example, endotoxins across the mucosal barrier, exposure to antimicrobial agents and whether or not the haematopoietic stem cell graft is from a donor. Neutropenic typhlitis is the most severe gastrointestinal manifestation of MBI, but it also influences the occurrence of other major transplant-related complications including acute GVHD, veno-occlusive disease and systemic infections. The pathobiology, clinical counterparts and the means of measuring MBI are discussed together with potential approaches for prevention, amelioration and, perhaps, even cure. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 1269-1278.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Blijlevens
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fesenko EE, Makar VR, Novoselova EG, Sadovnikov VB. Microwaves and cellular immunity. I. Effect of whole body microwave irradiation on tumor necrosis factor production in mouse cells. BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BIOENERGETICS (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 1999; 49:29-35. [PMID: 10619445 DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(99)00058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole body microwave sinusoidal irradiation of male NMRI mice with 8.15-18 GHz (1 Hz within) at a power density of 1 microW/cm2 caused a significant enhancement of TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes. Microwave radiation affected T cells, facilitating their capacity to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation. The exposure duration necessary for the stimulation of cellular immunity ranged from 5 h to 3 days. Chronic irradiation of mice for 7 days produced the decreasing of TNF production in peritoneal macrophages. The exposure of mice for 24 h increased the TNF production and immune proliferative response, and these stimulatory effects persisted over 3 days after the termination of exposure. Microwave treatment increased the endogenously produced TNF more effectively than did lipopolysaccharide, one of the most potential stimuli of synthesis of this cytokine. The role of microwaves as a factor interfering with the process of cell immunity is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Fesenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vodovotz Y, Mitchell JB, Lucia MS, McKinney L, Kollum M, Cottin Y, Chan RC, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Waksman R. Modulation of protein expression and activity by radiation: relevance to intracoronary radiation for the prevention of restenosis. CARDIOVASCULAR RADIATION MEDICINE 1999; 1:336-43. [PMID: 10828563 DOI: 10.1016/s1522-1865(00)00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Restenosis is a common complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Recent studies have demonstrated a striking reduction in the neointimal hyperplasia characteristic of restenosis following intracoronary radiation (IR), but the mechanisms by which radiation reduces neointima formation following balloon overstretch injury are not elucidated fully. In addition to direct antimitotic effects mediated via oxygen free radicals, ionizing radiation can induce the expression of numerous genes and thereby mediate indirect effects. Additionally, IR prevents restenosis at the cost of decreased healing and increased thrombosis, and we suggest that these adverse reactions can be modulated by adjunct pharmacology or gene-based strategies. This review discusses several genes and proteins modulated by radiation in the context of arterial injury, and their possible therapeutic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ibuki Y, Goto R. Contribution of inflammatory cytokine release to activation of resident peritoneal macrophages after in vivo low-dose gamma-irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 1999; 40:253-262. [PMID: 10641487 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.40.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The activation mechanism of resident peritoneal macrophages by in vivo gamma-irradiation was investigated. The function of macrophages as accessory cells in concanavalin A-induced proliferation of spleno-lymphocytes (accessory function) was enhanced 4 h after a low-dose irradiation (4 cGy) in vivo, but not in vitro, indicating that low-dose irradiation acts indirectly on the activation of macrophages. Because we expected that macrophages were activated by the recognition of substances damaged by in vivo irradiation, we co-cultured macrophages with oxidized erythrocyte-ghosts. No change was found in their accessory function. The production of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in the supernatant of cocultures of spleno-lymphocytes and macrophages was determined by an ELISA. Production of both increased in the presence of in vivo irradiated macrophages. Furthermore, IL-1 beta production from in vivo-irradiated macrophages treated with recombinant IFN-gamma also was enhanced. The mRNA expression of the cytokines released from macrophages and lymphocytes was determined by RT-PCR. Increases in IL-1 beta mRNA expression were found in both in vivo- and in vitro-irradiated macrophages. In vivo irradiation also enhanced the expression of IFN-gamma mRNA in lymphocytes, whereas there was no change after in vitro irradiation. On the basis of these observations, we propose that the activation of macrophages is caused by interaction with neighboring cells, such as lymphocytes, and by paracrine induction of certain cytokines which is initiated by the small amount of IL-1 beta released by irradiated macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ibuki
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Radiotherapy with total doses of < or =6 Gy has been given as very effective and low risk treatment of painful degenerative joint diseases and other inflammatory processes. Recent radiobiological experiments in vitro and in vivo identified mechanisms which may be related to these anti-inflammatory radiation effects, in particular functional modulation of the adhesion of white blood cells to activated endothelial cells and modulation of the induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Trott
- Department of Radiation Biology, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary & Westfield College, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vodovotz Y, Coffin D, DeLuca AM, McKinney L, Cook JA, Wink D, Mitchell JB. Induction of nitric oxide production in infiltrating leukocytes following in vivo irradiation of tumor-bearing mice. RADIATION ONCOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS 1999; 7:86-97. [PMID: 10333249 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6823(1999)7:2<86::aid-roi4>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated both in regression and progression of tumors due to its production by both tumor cells and infiltrating leukocytes. Ionizing radiation causes the regression of tumors, and can augment the production of NO by macrophages in vitro. We examined the cellular and systemic production of NO in mice in which radiation-resistant RIF-1 fibrosarcoma cells were implanted subcutaneously and were then either irradiated or sham-treated at the tumor site. Ten days following implantation of the tumors, CD45- tumor cells and CD45+ leukocytes were derived from resected tumors immediately after irradiation with 60 Gy, a dose previously reported to reduce tumor growth. Leukocytes from tumors of irradiated hosts produced spontaneously up to four-fold more NO than did either leukocytes from unirradiated mice or CD45- tumor cells from either unirradiated or irradiated mice. Between days 10-14 following tumor implantation, serum NO2-/NO3- increased in both irradiated and unirradiated mice to an equal extent, culminating in levels higher than those of non-tumor-bearing mice. Though NO production is elevated in macrophages treated with 1-10 Gy of radiation in vitro, higher doses may be required by tumor-infiltrating macrophages in vivo and thus may indicate that tumor-infiltrating macrophages are deactivated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Vodovotz
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|