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Peng F, Ke Z, Jin H, Wang W, Zhang H, Li Y. Structural insights into the regulation mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MftR. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23724. [PMID: 38837712 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302409rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen of the deadly disease tuberculosis, depends on the redox cofactor mycofactocin (MFT) to adapt to and survive under hypoxic conditions. MftR is a TetR family transcription regulator that binds upstream of the MFT gene cluster and controls MFT synthesis. To elucidate the structural basis underlying MftR regulation, we determined the crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MftR (TB-MftR). The structure revealed an interconnected hydrogen bond network in the α1-α2-α3 helices of helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA-binding domain that is essential for nucleic acid interactions. The ligand-binding domain contains a hydrophobic cavity enclosing long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs like the key regulatory ligand oleoyl-CoA. Despite variations in ligand-binding modes, comparative analyses suggest regulatory mechanisms are largely conserved across TetR family acyl-CoA sensors. By elucidating the intricate structural mechanisms governing DNA and ligand binding by TB-MftR, our study enhances understanding of the regulatory roles of this transcription factor under hypoxic conditions, providing insights that could inform future research into Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunhui Ke
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoruo Jin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical Subcenter of HUST Analytical & Testing Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Wuhan, China
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Lan QW, Chen HK, Huang ZM, Bao TY, Liang CJ, Yi RT, Huang YY, He YX, Huang XQ, Gu B, Guo XG, Zhang QW. Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for tuberculosis, 1990-2019: An age-period-cohort analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Heart Lung 2024; 65:19-30. [PMID: 38377628 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) represents a significant global health concern, being the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious agent worldwide. The investigation of TB incidence and epidemiological trends is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of control strategies and identifying ongoing challenges. OBJECTIVES This study presents the trend in TB incidence across 204 countries and regions over a 30-year period. METHODS The study utilises data sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The age cohort model and gender subgroup analysis were employed to estimate the net drift (overall annual percentage change), local drift (age annual percentage change), longitudinal age curve (expected age ratio), and cycle and cohort effect (relative risk of cycle and birth cohort) of TB incidence from 1990 to 2019. This approach facilitates the examination and differentiation of age, period, and cohort effects in TB incidence trends, potentially identifying disparities in TB prevention across different countries. RESULTS Over the past three decades, a general downward trend in TB incidence has been observed in most countries. However, in 15 of the 204 countries, the overall incidence rate is still on the rise (net drift ≥0.0 %) or stagnant decline (≥-0.5 %). From 1990 to 2019, the net drift of tuberculosis mortality ranged from -2.2 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): -2.33, -2.05] in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries to -1.7 % [95 % CI: -1.81, -1.62] in low SDI countries. In some below-average SDI countries,men in the birth cohort are at a disadvantage and at risk of deterioration, necessitating comprehensive TB prevention and treatment. CONCLUSIONS While the global incidence of TB has declined, adverse period and cohort effects have been identified in numerous countries, raising questions about the adequacy of TB healthcare provision across all age groups. Furthermore, this study reveals gender disparities in TB incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wen Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Medical Imageology, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao-Kai Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ze-Min Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ting-Yu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuang-Jia Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui-Ting Yi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying-Xin He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xu-Qi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Sixth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Gu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Dis-eases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases (Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine), Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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3
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Li F, Dang W, Du Y, Xu X, He P, Zhou Y, Zhu B. Tuberculosis Vaccines and T Cell Immune Memory. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:483. [PMID: 38793734 PMCID: PMC11125691 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major infectious disease partly due to the lack of an effective vaccine. Therefore, developing new and more effective TB vaccines is crucial for controlling TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) usually parasitizes in macrophages; therefore, cell-mediated immunity plays an important role. The maintenance of memory T cells following M. tuberculosis infection or vaccination is a hallmark of immune protection. This review analyzes the development of memory T cells during M. tuberculosis infection and vaccine immunization, especially on immune memory induced by BCG and subunit vaccines. Furthermore, the factors affecting the development of memory T cells are discussed in detail. The understanding of the development of memory T cells should contribute to designing more effective TB vaccines and optimizing vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenrui Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunjie Du
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Pu He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (W.D.); (Y.D.); (X.X.); (P.H.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Gutierrez J, Nsereko M, Malone LL, Mayanja-Kizza H, Kisingo H, Boom WH, Bark CM, Stein CM. Capturing Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection by Tuberculin Skin Test vs. Interferon-Gamma Release Assay. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:81. [PMID: 38668542 PMCID: PMC11053984 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Reductions in tuberculosis (TB) incidence require identification of individuals at high risk of developing active disease, such as those with recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Using a prospective household contact (HHC) study in Kampala, Uganda, we diagnosed new Mtb infection using both the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Our study aimed to determine if the TST adds additional value to the characterization of IGRA converters. We identified 13 HHCs who only converted the IGRA (QFT-only converters), 39 HHCs who only converted their TST (TST-only converters), and 24 HHCs who converted both tests (QFT/TST converters). Univariate analysis revealed that TST-only converters were older. Additionally, increased odds of TST-only conversion were associated with older age (p = 0.02) and crowdedness (p = 0.025). QFT/TST converters had higher QFT quantitative values at conversion than QFT-only converters and a bigger change in TST quantitative values at conversion than TST-only converters. Collectively, these data indicate that TST conversion alone likely overestimates Mtb infection. Its correlation to older age suggests an "environmental" boosting response due to prolonged exposure to environmental mycobacteria. This result also suggests that QFT/TST conversion may be associated with a more robust immune response, which should be considered when planning vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gutierrez
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (M.N.); (H.M.-K.); (H.K.)
| | - LaShaunda L. Malone
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (W.H.B.)
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (M.N.); (H.M.-K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hussein Kisingo
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (M.N.); (H.M.-K.); (H.K.)
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (W.H.B.)
| | - Charles M. Bark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (W.H.B.)
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Arunachalam AB. Vaccines Induce Homeostatic Immunity, Generating Several Secondary Benefits. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38675778 PMCID: PMC11053716 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an "immuno-wave" model describing a vaccine-induced "Goldilocks immunity", which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, 'quiet alert' state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Vaccines, 1 Discovery Dr., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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6
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Wang X, Tang G, Huang Y, Song H, Zhou S, Mao L, Sun Z, Xiong Z, Wu S, Hou H, Wang F. Using immune clusters for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111572. [PMID: 38280332 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is still a challenge worldwide. METHODS Immune indicators involved in innate, humoral, and cellular immune cells, as well as antigen-specific cells were simultaneously assessed in patients with ATB and LTBI. RESULTS Of 54 immune indicators, no indicator could distinguish ATB from LTBI, likely due to an obvious heterogeneity of immune indicators noticed in ATB patients. Cluster analysis of ATB patients identified three immune clusters with different severity. Cluster 1 (42.1 %) was a ''Treg/Th1/Tfh unbalance type" cluster, whereas cluster 2 (42.1 %) was an "effector type'' cluster, and cluster 3 was a ''inhibition type'' cluster (15.8 %) which showed the highest severity. A prediction model based on immune indicators was established and showed potential in classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS We depicted the immune landscape of patients with ATB and LTBI. Three immune subtypes were identified in ATB patients with different severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxing Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyan Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiji Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Jin F, Mao W, Yu Y, Xu W. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers correlate with immune infiltration in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1349374. [PMID: 38384272 PMCID: PMC10879613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of tuberculosis depends on detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Unfortunately, recognizing patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) remains challenging due to the insidious clinical presentation and poor performance of diagnostic tests. To identify biomarkers for EPTB, the GSE83456 dataset was screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by a gene enrichment analysis. One hundred and ten DEGs were obtained, mainly enriched in inflammation and immune -related pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify 10 co-expression modules. The turquoise module, correlating the most highly with EPTB, contained 96 DEGs. Further screening with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) narrowed down the 96 DEGs to five central genes. All five key genes were validated in the GSE144127 dataset. CARD17 and GBP5 had high diagnostic capacity, with AUC values were 0.763 (95% CI: 0.717-0.805) and 0.833 (95% CI: 0.793-0.869) respectively. Using single sample gene enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we evaluated the infiltration of 28 immune cells in EPTB and explored their relationships with key genes. The results showed 17 immune cell subtypes with significant infiltrations in EPTB. CARD17, GBP5, HOOK1, LOC730167, and HIST1H4C were significantly associated with 16, 14, 12, 6, and 4 immune cell subtypes, respectively. The RT-qPCR results confirmed that the expression levels of GBP5 and CARD17 were higher in EPTB compared to control. In conclusion, CARD17 and GBP5 have high diagnostic efficiency for EPTB and are closely related to immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenfang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Xu T, Wang C, Li M, Wei J, He Z, Qian Z, Wang X, Wang H. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS45 (Rv2615c) Promotes Recombinant Mycobacteria Intracellular Survival via Regulation of Innate Immunity, and Inhibition of Cell Apoptosis. J Microbiol 2024; 62:49-62. [PMID: 38337112 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), is a significant global public health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis expresses a unique family of PE_PGRS proteins that have been implicated in pathogenesis. Despite numerous studies, the functions of most PE_PGRS proteins in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium infections remain unclear. PE_PGRS45 (Rv2615c) is only found in pathogenic mycobacteria. In this study, we successfully constructed a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) strain which heterologously expresses the PE_PGRS45 protein. We found that overexpression of this cell wall-associated protein enhanced bacterial viability under stress in vitro and cell survival in macrophages. MS_PE_PGRS45 decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α. We also found that MS_PE_PGRS45 increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and altered macrophage-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, PE_PGRS45 enhanced the survival rate of M. smegmatis in macrophages by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Collectively, our findings show that PE_PGRS45 is a virulent factor actively involved in the interaction with the host macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chutong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Minying Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan He
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233030, People's Republic of China.
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Ishida E, Corrigan DT, Chen T, Liu Y, Kim RS, Song L, Rutledge TM, Magee DM, LaBaer J, Lowary TL, Lin PL, Achkar JM. Mucosal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses correlate with protection against active tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104897. [PMID: 38096687 PMCID: PMC10758715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports that antibodies can protect against active tuberculosis (TB) but knowledge of potentially protective antigens, especially in the airways, is limited. The main objective of this study was to identify antigen-specific airway and systemic immunoglobulin isotype responses associated with the outcome of controlled latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) versus uncontrolled infection (TB) in nonhuman primates. METHODS In a case-control design, using non-parametric group comparisons with false discovery rate adjustments, we assessed antibodies in 57 cynomolgus macaques which, following low-dose airway Mtb infection, developed either LTBI or TB. We investigated airway and systemic IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in paired bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples prior to, two-, and 5-6-months post Mtb infection using an antigen-unbiased approach with Mtb glycan and proteome-wide microarrays. FINDINGS Macaques that developed LTBI (n = 36) had significantly increased airway and plasma IgA reactivities to specific arabinomannan (AM) motifs prior to Mtb infection compared to those that developed TB (n = 21; p < 0.01, q < 0.05). Furthermore, LTBI macaques had higher plasma IgG reactivity to protein MTB32A (Rv0125) early post Mtb infection (p < 0.05) and increasing airway IgG responses to some proteins over time. INTERPRETATION Our results support a protective role of pre-existing mucosal (lung) and systemic IgA to specific Mtb glycan motifs, suggesting that prior exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria could be protective against TB. They further suggest that IgG to Mtb proteins early post infection could provide an additional protective mechanism. These findings could inform TB vaccine development strategies. FUNDING NIH/NIAID AI117927, AI146329, and AI127173 to JMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryung S Kim
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lusheng Song
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tara M Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Mitchell Magee
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Ponce-Cusi R, Bravo L, Paez KJ, Pinto JA, Pilco-Ferreto N. Host-Pathogen Interaction: Biology and Public Health. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2751:3-18. [PMID: 38265706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3617-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between host and pathogenic microorganisms are common in nature and have a significant impact on host health, often leading to several types of infections. These interactions have evolved as a result of the ongoing battle between the host's defense mechanisms and the pathogens' invasion strategies. In this chapter, we will explore the evolution of host-pathogen interactions, explore their molecular mechanisms, examine the different stages of interaction, and discuss the development of pharmacological treatments. Understanding these interactions is crucial for improving public health, as it enables us to develop effective strategies to prevent and control infectious diseases. By gaining insights into the intricate dynamics between pathogens and their hosts, we can work towards reducing the burden of such diseases on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ponce-Cusi
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua, Peru.
| | - Leny Bravo
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin J Paez
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana - Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | - Joseph A Pinto
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana - Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | - Nesstor Pilco-Ferreto
- Unidad de Posgrado. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
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11
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Zhuang L, Yang L, Li L, Ye Z, Gong W. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune response, biomarkers, and therapeutic intervention. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e419. [PMID: 38188605 PMCID: PMC10771061 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, the progression of the disease following Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is closely associated with the host's immune response. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment was conducted from an immunological perspective. First, we delved into the host's immune response mechanisms against MTB infection as well as the immune evasion mechanisms of the bacteria. Addressing the challenges currently faced in TB diagnosis and treatment, we also emphasized the importance of protein, genetic, and immunological biomarkers, aiming to provide new insights for early and personalized diagnosis and treatment of TB. Building upon this foundation, we further discussed intervention strategies involving chemical and immunological treatments for the increasingly critical issue of drug-resistant TB and other forms of TB. Finally, we summarized TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment challenges and put forward future perspectives. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the immunological aspects of TB and offer new directions toward achieving the WHO's goal of eradicating TB by 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and TreatmentSenior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Ling Yang
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Linsheng Li
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and TreatmentSenior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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12
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Cao X, Song Z, He W, Yang Z, Sun Q, Wang Y, He P, Zhao B, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Tuberculosis screening characteristics amongst freshmen in Changping District, Beijing, China. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:869. [PMID: 38082230 PMCID: PMC10714516 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for Tuberculosis (TB) is a critical tactic for minimizing the prevalence of illness within schools. Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT), in turn, effectively staves off the development of TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Unfortunately, there is limited research on LTBI and TPT among students. This study aimed to assess LTBI among freshmen in Changping District and advocate for the implementation of TPT. METHODS The prospective study collected data from 12 educational institutions within the Changping District of Beijing. The Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and other statistical methods were used for statistical analysis, [Formula: see text] was obtained using the formula [Formula: see text] nΣA2/nRnC-1, df = (C-1) (R-1). We analyzed potential factors impacting the LTBI rate, and scrutinized the possible causes behind the low application of TPT and its efficacy for LTBI treatment, China. RESULTS Among 19,872 freshmen included in this study, 18 active TB cases (91 per 10,0000) and 2236 LTBI cases (11.6% of 19,223) were identified, respectively. Furthermore, of those with LTBI, 1045 (5.4% of 19,223) showed a strong positive for purified protein derivative (PPD), but only 312 opted for TB preventive treatment. There appeared to be no significant difference in the prevalence of LTBI and TPT rate between male and female students. Concurrently, 11 (71 per 100,000) and 7 (158 per 100,000) cases of active tuberculosis were identified in 6 universities and 6 higher vocational colleges, respectively. Interestingly, almost all freshmen who underwent TPT came from universities, suggesting a statistically significant disparity in TPT rate (χ2 = 139.829, P < 0.001) between these two types of educational institutions. Meanwhile, as for the age-wise distribution of latent infection among 17-20 years old freshmen, the LTBI rate exhibited 10.5%, 11.6%, 12.1% and 13.5%, respectively. Correlation between LTBI rate, the strong positive rate was statistically significant among different ages (χ2 = 34.559, P < 0.001). Over a follow-up period of 2 years, three students were diagnosed with active tuberculosis, one of which was resistant to rifampicin. All three students manifested a strong positive for PPD and declined preventive treatment during TB screening. CONCLUSIONS The data indicates a high rate of LTBI amongst students in areas with a heavy TB burden, potentially leading to cross-regional TB transmission due to the migration of students. Education level might contribute to the limited uptake of TPT. Therefore, improving the implementation of TB preventive treatments is crucial in controlling and preventing TB across schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, No. 155 Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, No. 4 He Ping Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexuan Song
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, No. 155 Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong He
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, No. 155 Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, No. 4 He Ping Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Beijing Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, No. 4 He Ping Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, No. 155 Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, No. 155 Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, No. 155 Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Beijing Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, No. 4 He Ping Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, No. 155 Chang Bai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Libor C, Hajdu T, Szeniczey T, Kovács LO, Kunos L, Mateovics-László O. "Tuberculosis on the spot" - Discussion of a probable sternal tuberculosis from a late medieval cemetery from Hungary. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143S:102410. [PMID: 38012916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of non-adult remains are particularly suitable for finding epidemic periods in past populations. This study presents a probable unique example of osseous manifestation of tuberculosis on a child's skeletal remains from medieval Hungary. Between 2009 and 2011 the Field Service for Cultural Heritage excavated the exceptional cemetery of Perkáta - Nyúli-dűlő in Hungary, with around 5000+ graves. The analysed skeleton (SNR 948) was located in the medieval (10-16th century) part of the cemetery. Besides the standard macroscopic pathological observation, we also performed radiographic analysis. The remains of the child (13-14 year-old) showed numerous skeletal lesions: the ribs have proliferative lesions (dense nodules) on the visceral surface of the shaft, lytic lesions with rounded edges occurred on the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies, and on the facies auricularis of the left ilium we can see pitting and new bone formation. What makes this pathological case exceptional is the significant change in the manubrium. It shows extensive osteolytic lesions, probably due to tuberculous osteomyelitis, which is a unique phenomenon in an archaeological context. This rare type of extra-spinal tuberculous osteomyelitis appears in less than 1% of cases with skeletal TB, and even less in case of children, according to modern medical literature. Although some cases of slight lesions on the manubrium have been described from an archaeological context, no such cases showing advanced lesions have been published so far. In the future, biomolecular analyses should be conducted as well, in order to confirm the presence of TB in this individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Libor
- Hungarian National Museum, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Zaidi SM, Coussens AK, Seddon JA, Kredo T, Warner D, Houben RM, Esmail H. Beyond latent and active tuberculosis: a scoping review of conceptual frameworks. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 66:102332. [PMID: 38192591 PMCID: PMC10772263 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition that tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease exists as a spectrum of states beyond the current binary classification of latent and active TB. Our aim was to systematically map and synthesize published conceptual frameworks for TB states. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and EMcare for review articles from 1946 to September 2023. We included 40 articles that explicitly described greater than two states for TB. We identified that terminology, definitions and diagnostic criteria for additional TB states within these articles were inconsistent. Eight broad conceptual themes were identified that were used to categorize TB states: State 0: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) elimination with innate immune response (n = 25/40, 63%); State I: Mtb elimination by acquired immune response (n = 31/40, 78%); State II: Mtb infection not eliminated but controlled (n = 37/40, 93%); State III: Mtb infection not controlled (n = 24/40, 60%); State IV: bacteriologically positive without symptoms (n = 26/40, 65%); State V: signs or symptoms associated with TB (n = 39/40, 98%); State VI: severe or disseminated TB disease (n = 11/40, 28%); and State VII: previous history of TB (n = 5/40, 13%). Consensus on a non-binary framework that includes additional TB states is required to standardize scientific communication and to inform advancements in research, clinical and public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M.A. Zaidi
- WHO Centre for Tuberculosis Research and Innovation, Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, UK
- Department of Public Health, National University of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James A. Seddon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Tamara Kredo
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Digby Warner
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit and Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rein M.G.J. Houben
- TB Modelling Group, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Hanif Esmail
- WHO Centre for Tuberculosis Research and Innovation, Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, UK
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Ma Q, Yu J, Liu L, Ma X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang X, Deng G, Wu X. TRAF6 triggers Mycobacterium-infected host autophagy through Rab7 ubiquitination. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:427. [PMID: 38016969 PMCID: PMC10684575 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is extensively involved in the autophagy process by interacting with diverse autophagy initiation and autophagosome maturation molecules. However, whether TRAF6 interacts with lysosomal proteins to regulate Mycobacterium-induced autophagy has not been completely characterized. Herein, the present study showed that TRAF6 interacted with lysosomal key proteins Rab7 through RING domain which caused Rab7 ubiquitination and subsequently ubiquitinated Rab7 binds to STX17 (syntaxin 17, a SNARE protein that is essential for mature autophagosome), and thus promoted the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Furthermore, TRAF6 enhanced the initiation and formation of autophagosomes in Mycobacterium-induced autophagy in both BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by autophagic flux, colocalization of LC3 and BCG, autophagy rates, and autophagy-associated protein expression. Noteworthy to mention, TRAF6 deficiency exacerbated lung injury and promoted BCG survival. Taken together, these results identify novel molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TRAF6 positively regulates Mycobacterium-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Ma
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Guangcun Deng
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
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16
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Mwebaza I, Shaw R, Li Q, Fletcher S, Achkar JM, Harding CV, Carpenter SM, Boom WH. Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glycolipids on the CD4+ T Cell-Macrophage Immunological Synapse. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1385-1396. [PMID: 37695687 PMCID: PMC10579150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-wall glycolipids such as mannosylated lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) can inhibit murine CD4+ T cells by blocking TCR signaling. This results in suppression of IL-2 production, reduced T cell proliferation, and induction of CD4+ T cell anergy. This study extended these findings to the interaction between primary human CD4+ T cells and macrophages infected by mycobacteria. Exposure of human CD4+ T cells to ManLAM before activation resulted in loss of polyfunctionality, as measured by IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α expression, and reduced CD25 expression. This was not associated with upregulation of inhibitory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, and Lag-3. By confocal microscopy and imaging flow cytometry, ManLAM exposure reduced conjugate formation between macrophages and CD4+ T cells. ManLAM colocalized to the immunological synapse (IS) and reduced translocation of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) to the IS. When CD4+ T cells and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected monocytes were cocultured, ManLAM colocalized to CD4+ T cells, which formed fewer conjugates with infected monocytes. These results demonstrate that mycobacterial cell-wall glycolipids such as ManLAM can traffic from infected macrophages to disrupt productive IS formation and inhibit CD4+ T cell activation, contributing to immune evasion by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mwebaza
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rachel Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Shane Fletcher
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Clifford V. Harding
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stephen M. Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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17
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Liu Y, Chen T, Zhu Y, Furey A, Lowary TL, Chan J, Bournazos S, Ravetch JV, Achkar JM. Features and protective efficacy of human mAbs targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinomannan. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167960. [PMID: 37733444 PMCID: PMC10619501 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the epitopes most relevant for antibody-mediated protection against tuberculosis (TB) remains a major knowledge gap. We have shown that human polyclonal IgG against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) surface glycan arabinomannan (AM) and related lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is protective against TB. To investigate the impact of AM epitope recognition and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding on antibody functions against M. tuberculosis, we isolated a high-affinity human monoclonal antibody (mAb; P1AM25) against AM and showed its binding to oligosaccharide (OS) motifs we previously found to be associated with in vitro functions of human polyclonal anti-AM IgG. Human IgG1 P1AM25, but not 2 other high-affinity human IgG1 anti-AM mAbs reactive with different AM OS motifs, enhanced M. tuberculosis phagocytosis by macrophages and reduced intracellular growth in an FcγR-dependent manner. P1AM25 in murine IgG2a, but neither murine IgG1 nor a non-FcγR-binding IgG, given intraperitoneally prior to and after aerosolized M. tuberculosis infection, was protective in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, we demonstrated the protective efficacy of human IgG1 P1AM25 in passive transfer with M. tuberculosis-infected FcγR-humanized mice. These data enhance our knowledge of the important interplay between both antibody epitope specificity and Fc effector functions in the defense against M. tuberculosis and could inform development of vaccines against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yongqi Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aisha Furey
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Chan
- Public Health Research Institute at the International Center for Public Health, New Jersey Medical School – Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Jacqueline M. Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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18
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Wang N, Yao Y, Qian Y, Qiu D, Cao H, Xiang H, Wang J. Cargoes of exosomes function as potential biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254347. [PMID: 37928531 PMCID: PMC10622749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes as double-membrane vesicles contain various contents of lipids, proteins, mRNAs and non-coding RNAs, and involve in multiple physiological processes, for instance intercellular communication and immunomodulation. Currently, numerous studies found that the components of exosomal proteins, nucleic acids or lipids released from host cells are altered following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Exosomal contents provide excellent biomarkers for the auxiliary diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and prognosis of tuberculosis. This study aimed to review the current literatures detailing the functions of exosomes in the procedure of M. tuberculosis infection, and determine the potential values of exosomes as biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingfen Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Fourth People’s Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Maternal and Child Heath Hospital of Nanchang College, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Safety, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayuan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Pan J, Chang Z, Zhang X, Dong Q, Zhao H, Shi J, Wang G. Research progress of single-cell sequencing in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276194. [PMID: 37901241 PMCID: PMC10611525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The pathogenesis and immune mechanism of tuberculosis are not clear, and it is urgent to find new drugs, diagnosis, and treatment targets. A useful tool in the quest to reveal the enigmas related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease is the single-cell sequencing technique. By clarifying cell heterogeneity, identifying pathogenic cell groups, and finding key gene targets, the map at the single cell level enables people to better understand the cell diversity of complex organisms and the immune state of hosts during infection. Here, we briefly reviewed the development of single-cell sequencing, and emphasized the different applications and limitations of various technologies. Single-cell sequencing has been widely used in the study of the pathogenesis and immune response of tuberculosis. We review these works summarizing the most influential findings. Combined with the multi-molecular level and multi-dimensional analysis, we aim to deeply understand the blank and potential future development of the research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection using single-cell sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences/China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences/China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Zou X, Cai S, Wang T, Zheng S, Cui X, Hao J, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y. Natural antibacterial agent-based nanoparticles for effective treatment of intracellular MRSA infection. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:410-421. [PMID: 37557944 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular MRSA is extremely difficult to eradicate by traditional antibiotics, leading to infection dissemination and drug resistance. A general lack of facile and long-term strategies to effectively eliminate intracellular MRSA. In this study, glabridin (GLA)-loaded pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed using cinnamaldehyde (CA)-dextran conjugates as carriers. These NPs targeted infected macrophages/MRSA via dextran mediation and effectively accumulated at the MRSA infection site. The NPs were then destabilized in response to the low pH of the lysosomes, which triggered the release of CA and GLA. The released CA downregulated the expression of cytotoxic pore-forming toxins, thereby decreasing the damage of macrophage and risk of the intracellular bacterial dissemination. Meanwhile, GLA could rapidly kill intracellularly entrapped MRSA with a low possibility of developing resistance. Using a specific combination of the natural antibacterial agents CA and GLA, NPs effectively eradicated intracellular MRSA with low toxicity to normal tissues in a MRSA-induced peritonitis model. This strategy presents a potential alternative for enhancing intracellular MRSA therapy, particularly for repeated and long-term clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intracellular MRSA infections are a growing threat to public health, and there is a general lack of a facile strategy for efficiently eliminating intracellular MRSA while reducing the ever-increasing drug resistance. In this study, pH-responsive and macrophage/MRSA-targeting nanoparticles were prepared by conjugating the phytochemical cinnamaldehyde to dextran to encapsulate the natural antibacterial agent glabridin. Using a combination of traditional Chinese medicine, the NPs significantly increased drug accumulation in MRSA and showed superior intracellular and extracellular bactericidal activity. Importantly, the NPs can inhibit potential intracellular bacteria dissemination and reduce the development of drug resistance, thus allowing for repeated treatment. Natural antibacterial agent-based drug delivery systems are an attractive alternative for facilitating the clinical treatment of intracellular MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shuang Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Sidi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xilong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jingyou Hao
- Harbin Lvdasheng Animal Medicine Manufacture Co., Ltd., Harbin 150000, PR China
| | - Xueying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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21
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Kawka M, Płocińska R, Płociński P, Pawełczyk J, Słomka M, Gatkowska J, Dzitko K, Dziadek B, Dziadek J. The functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages to serum amyloid A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238132. [PMID: 37781389 PMCID: PMC10540855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the course of tuberculosis (TB), the level of major acute phase protein, namely serum amyloid A (hSAA-1), increases up to a hundredfold in the pleural fluids of infected individuals. Tubercle bacilli infecting the human host can be opsonized by hSAA-1, which affects bacterial entry into human macrophages and their intracellular multiplication. Methods We applied global RNA sequencing to evaluate the functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), isolated from healthy blood donors, under elevated hSAA-1 conditions and during infection with nonopsonized and hSAA-1-opsonized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the same infection model, we also examined the functional response of mycobacteria to the intracellular environment of macrophages in the presence and absence of hSAA-1. The RNASeq analysis was validated using qPCR. The functional response of MDMs to hSAA-1 and/or tubercle bacilli was also evaluated for selected cytokines at the protein level by applying the Milliplex system. Findings Transcriptomes of MDMs cultured in the presence of hSAA-1 or infected with Mtb showed a high degree of similarity for both upregulated and downregulated genes involved mainly in processes related to cell division and immune response, respectively. Among the most induced genes, across both hSAA-1 and Mtb infection conditions, CXCL8, CCL15, CCL5, IL-1β, and receptors for IL-7 and IL-2 were identified. We also observed the same pattern of upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-1) and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ, and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin) in the hSAA-1 treated-MDMs or the phagocytes infected with tubercle bacilli. At this early stage of infection, Mtb genes affected by the inside microenvironment of MDMs are strictly involved in iron scavenging, adaptation to hypoxia, low pH, and increasing levels of CO2. The genes for the synthesis and transport of virulence lipids, but not cholesterol/fatty acid degradation, were also upregulated. Conclusion Elevated serum hSAA-1 levels in tuberculosis enhance the response of host phagocytes to infection, including macrophages that have not yet been in contact with mycobacteria. SAA induces antigen processing and presentation processes by professional phagocytes reversing the inhibition caused by Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Kawka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Płocińska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Słomka
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Aiello A, Najafi-Fard S, Goletti D. Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244556. [PMID: 37662901 PMCID: PMC10470049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose etiologic agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are currently the two deadliest infectious diseases in humans, which together have caused about more than 11 million deaths worldwide in the past 3 years. TB and COVID-19 share several aspects including the droplet- and aerosol-borne transmissibility, the lungs as primary target, some symptoms, and diagnostic tools. However, these two infectious diseases differ in other aspects as their incubation period, immune cells involved, persistence and the immunopathological response. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between TB and COVID-19 focusing on the innate and adaptive immune response induced after the exposure to Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 and the pathological pathways linking the two infections. Moreover, we provide a brief overview of the immune response in case of TB-COVID-19 co-infection highlighting the similarities and differences of each individual infection. A comprehensive understanding of the immune response involved in TB and COVID-19 is of utmost importance for the design of effective therapeutic strategies and vaccines for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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23
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Esmail H, Coussens AK, Thienemann F, Sossen B, Mukasa SL, Warwick J, Goliath RT, Davies NO, Douglass E, Jackson A, Lakay F, Streicher E, Munro JE, Barrios MH, Heinsohn T, Macpherson L, Sheerin D, Aziz S, Serole K, Daroowala R, Taliep A, Ahlers P, Malherbe ST, Bowden R, Warren R, Walzl G, Via LE, Bahlo M, Jacobson KR, Horsburgh CR, Salgame P, Alland D, Barry CE, Flynn JL, Ellner JJ, Wilkinson RJ. High resolution imaging and five-year tuberculosis contact outcomes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.03.23292111. [PMID: 37461515 PMCID: PMC10350144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.23292111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background The evolution of tuberculosis (TB) disease during the clinical latency period remains incompletely understood. Methods 250 HIV-uninfected, adult household contacts of rifampicin-resistant TB with a negative symptom screen underwent baseline 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission and computed tomography (PET/CT), repeated in 112 after 5-15 months. Following South African and WHO guidelines, participants did not receive preventive therapy. All participants had intensive baseline screening with spontaneous, followed by induced, sputum sampling and were then observed for an average of 4.7 years for culture-positive disease. Baseline PET/CT abnormalities were evaluated in relation to culture-positive disease. Results At baseline, 59 (23.6%) participants had lung PET/CT findings consistent with TB of which 29 (11.6%) were defined as Subclinical TB, and 30 (12%) Subclinical TB-inactive. A further 83 (33.2%) had other lung parenchymal abnormalities and 108 (43.2%) had normal lungs. Over 1107-person years of follow-up 14 cases of culture-positive TB were diagnosed. Six cases were detected by intensive baseline screening, all would have been missed by the South African symptom-based screening strategy and only one detected by a WHO-recommended chest X-Ray screening strategy. Those with baseline Subclinical TB lesions on PET/CT were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with culture-positive TB over the study period, compared to those with normal lung parenchyma (10/29 [34.5%] vs 2/108 [1.9%], Hazard Ratio 22.37 [4.89-102.47, p<0.001]). Conclusions These findings challenge the latent/active TB paradigm demonstrating that subclinical disease exists up to 4 years prior to microbiological detection and/or symptom onset. There are important implications for screening and management of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Esmail
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, WC1V 6LJ, United Kingdom
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis Research and Innovation, Institute for Global Health, University College London, WC1E 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Sossen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Sandra L Mukasa
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - James Warwick
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rene T Goliath
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nashreen Omar Davies
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Emily Douglass
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Amanda Jackson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Francisco Lakay
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Streicher
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacob E Munro
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Marilou H Barrios
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Advanced Genomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Torben Heinsohn
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Liana Macpherson
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, WC1V 6LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Saalikha Aziz
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Keboile Serole
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Remy Daroowala
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Arshad Taliep
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
| | - Petri Ahlers
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephanus T Malherbe
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rory Bowden
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Advanced Genomics Facility, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Robin Warren
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karen R Jacobson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Robert Horsburgh
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David Alland
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Clifton Earl Barry
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Jerrold J Ellner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Republic of South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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24
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Chen Y, Meng Q, Zhang X, Jia Z, Cui J, Wang X. Application of Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Bovine Epidemic Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:1378. [PMID: 37376677 DOI: 10.3390/v15061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As science and technology continue to advance, the use of flow cytometry is becoming more widespread. It can provide important information about cells in the body by detecting and analysing them, thereby providing a reliable basis for disease diagnosis. In the diagnosis of bovine epidemic diseases, flow cytometry can be used to detect bovine viral diarrhoea, bovine leukaemia, bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and other diseases. This paper describes the structure of a flow cytometer (liquid flow system, optical detection system, data storage and analysis system) and its working principles for rapid quantitative analysis and sorting of single cells or biological particles. Additionally, the research progress of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of bovine epidemic diseases was reviewed in order to provide a reference for future research and application of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of bovine epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Tongliao City Animal Quarantine Technical Service Centre, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Donghui Zhao
- Tongliao City Animal Quarantine Technical Service Centre, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Zelin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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25
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Stewart P, Patel S, Comer A, Muneer S, Nawaz U, Quann V, Bansal M, Venketaraman V. Role of B Cells in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050955. [PMID: 37243059 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, research on the immunologic response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection has focused on T cells and macrophages, as their role in granuloma formation has been robustly characterized. In contrast, the role of B cells in the pathophysiology of M. tb infection has been relatively overlooked. While T cells are well-known as an essential for granuloma formation and maintenance, B cells play a less understood role in the host response. Over the past decade, scarce research on the topic has attempted to elucidate the varying roles of B cells during mycobacterial infection, which appears to be primarily time dependent. From acute to chronic infection, the role of B cells changes with time as evidenced by cytokine release, immunological regulation, and histological morphology of tuberculous granulomas. The goal of this review is to carefully analyze the role of humoral immunity in M. tb infection to find the discriminatory nature of humoral immunity in tuberculosis (TB). We argue that there is a need for more research on the B-cell response against TB, as a better understanding of the role of B cells in defense against TB could lead to effective vaccines and therapies. By focusing on the B-cell response, we can develop new strategies to enhance immunity against TB and reduce the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stewart
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Andrew Comer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Shafi Muneer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Uzma Nawaz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Violet Quann
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mira Bansal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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26
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Jiang J, Cao Z, Xiao L, Su J, Wang J, Liang J, Yang B, Liu Y, Zhai F, Wang R, Cheng X. Single-cell profiling identifies T cell subsets associated with control of tuberculosis dissemination. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109266. [PMID: 36796469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
To identify T cell subsets associated with control of tuberculosis, single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor sequencing were performed on total T cells from patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls. Fourteen distinct subsets of T cells were identified by unbiased UMAP clustering. A GZMK-expressing CD8+ cytotoxic T cell cluster and a SOX4-expressing CD4+ central memory T cell cluster were depleted, while a MKI67-expressing proliferating CD3+ T cell cluster was expanded in patients with tuberculosis compared with healthy controls. The ratio of Granzyme K-expressing CD8+CD161-Ki-67- and CD8+Ki-67+ T cell subsets was significantly reduced and inversely correlated with the extent of TB lesions in patients with TB. In contrast, ratio of Granzyme B-expressing CD8+Ki-67+ and CD4+CD161+Ki-67- T cells and Granzyme A-expressing CD4+CD161+Ki-67- T cells were correlated with the extent of TB lesions. It is concluded that granzyme K-expressing CD8+ T cell subsets might contribute to protection against tuberculosis dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Institute of Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwen Su
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- Second Division of Tuberculosis, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- Second Division of Tuberculosis, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingfen Yang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhai
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cheng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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27
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Meng C, Liu J, Kang X, Xu Z, Xu S, Li X, Pan Z, Chen X, Jiao X. Discrepancy in Response of Mouse Dendritic Cells against BCG: Weak Immune Effects of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Compared to Classical Dendritic Cells despite the Uptake of Bacilli. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030140. [PMID: 36977141 PMCID: PMC10057906 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a zoonosis characterized by chronic respiratory infections, is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is associated with one of the heaviest disease burdens in the world. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role and act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses against TB. DCs are divided into distinct subsets. Currently, the response of DCs to mycobacterial infections is poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the responses of splenic conventional DCs (cDC) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), subsets to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) infection in mice. Splenic pDC had a significantly higher infection rate and intracellular bacterial count than cDC and the CD8+ and CD8− cDC subsets after BCG infection. However, the expression levels of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II molecules were significantly upregulated in splenic cDC and the CD8 cDC subsets compared to pDC during BCG infection. Splenic cDC had a higher expression of IFN-γ and IL-12p70 than pDC, whereas pDC had higher levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 than cDC in mice infected with BCG. At early stages of immunization with BCG containing the Ag85A protein, splenic cDC and pDC could present the Ag85A peptide to a specific T hybridoma; however, cDC had a stronger antigen presenting activity than pDC. In summary, splenic cDC and pDC extensively participate in mouse immune responses against BCG infection in vivo. Although pDC had a higher BCG uptake, cDC induced stronger immunological effects, including activation and maturation, cytokine production, and antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangyuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.J.)
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Paiola M, Dimitrakopoulou D, Pavelka MS, Robert J. Amphibians as a model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host and mycobacterial interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104594. [PMID: 36403788 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections represent major concerns for aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates including humans. Although our current knowledge is mostly restricted to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mammalian host interactions, increasing evidence suggests common features in endo- and ectothermic animals infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) like those described for M. tuberculosis. Importantly, most of the pathogenic and non-pathogenic NTMs detected in amphibians from wild, farmed, and research facilities represent, in addition to the potential economic loss, a rising concern for human health. Upon mycobacterial infection in mammals, the protective immune responses involving the innate and adaptive immune systems are highly complex and therefore not fully understood. This complexity results from the versatility and resilience of mycobacteria to hostile conditions as well as from the immune cell heterogeneity arising from the distinct developmental origins according with the concept of layered immunity. Similar to the differing responses of neonates versus adults during tuberculosis development, the pathogenesis and inflammatory responses are stage-specific in Xenopus laevis during infection by the NTM M. marinum. That is, both in human fetal and neonatal development and in tadpole development, responses are characterized by hypo-responsiveness and a lower capacity to contain mycobacterial infections. Similar to a mammalian fetus and neonates, T cells and myeloid cells in Xenopus tadpoles and axolotls are different from the adult immune cells. Fetal and amphibian larval T cells, which are characterized by a lower T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, are biased toward regulatory function, and they have distinct progenitor origins from those of the adult immune cells. Some early developing T cells and likely macrophage subpopulations are conserved in adult anurans and mammals, and therefore, they likely play an important role in the host-pathogen interactions from early stages of development to adulthood. Thus, we propose the use of developing amphibians, which have the advantage of being free-living early in their development, as an alternative and complementary model to study the role of immune cell heterogeneity in host-mycobacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Martin S Pavelka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Chin KL, Anibarro L, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A. Challenges and the Way forward in Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020089. [PMID: 36828505 PMCID: PMC9960903 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, it is estimated that one-quarter of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), also known as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Recently, this condition has been referred to as tuberculosis infection (TBI), considering the dynamic spectrum of the infection, as 5-10% of the latently infected population will develop active TB (ATB). The chances of TBI development increase due to close contact with index TB patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and the risk of development of latent MDR-TB has further complicated the situation. Detection of TBI is challenging as the infected individual does not present symptoms. Currently, there is no gold standard for TBI diagnosis, and the only screening tests are tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs). However, these tests have several limitations, including the inability to differentiate between ATB and TBI, false-positive results in BCG-vaccinated individuals (only for TST), false-negative results in children, elderly, and immunocompromised patients, and the inability to predict the progression to ATB, among others. Thus, new host markers and Mtb-specific antigens are being tested to develop new diagnostic methods. Besides screening, TBI therapy is a key intervention for TB control. However, the long-course treatment and associated side effects result in non-adherence to the treatment. Additionally, the latent MDR strains are not susceptible to the current TBI treatments, which add an additional challenge. This review discusses the current situation of TBI, as well as the challenges and efforts involved in its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.L.C.); (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Luis Anibarro
- Tuberculosis Unit, Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, 36071 Pontevedra, Spain
- Immunology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), 36312 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.L.C.); (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria E. Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.L.C.); (L.A.); (A.A.)
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Kumar NP, Babu S. Impact of diabetes mellitus on immunity to latent tuberculosis infection. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1095467. [PMID: 36993821 PMCID: PMC10012073 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1095467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a major health threat and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) bacilli, hosts who fail to clear M.tb end up in a state of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), in which the bacteria are contained but not eliminated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a noncommunicable disease that can weaken host immunity and lead to increased susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between DM and active TB, data on the association between DM and LTBI remains limited. Immunological data suggest that LTBI in the presence of DM leads to an impaired production of protective cytokines and poly-functional T cell responses, accounting for a potential immunological mechanism that could leads to an increased risk of active TB. This review highlights the salient features of the immunological underpinnings influencing the interaction between TB and DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathella Pavan Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Nathella Pavan Kumar, ,
| | - Subash Babu
- International Centre for Excellence in Research, National Institutes of Health, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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31
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Hayes LJ, Uri H, Bojkova D, Cinatl J, Wass MN, Michaelis M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the circulation of other pathogens in England. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28401. [PMID: 36512325 PMCID: PMC9877778 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Uri
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute for Medical VirologyUniversity Hospital, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical VirologyUniversity Hospital, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany,Dr. Petra Joh‐ForschungshausFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Mark N. Wass
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
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Corrigan DT, Ishida E, Chatterjee D, Lowary TL, Achkar JM. Monoclonal antibodies to lipoarabinomannan/arabinomannan - characteristics and implications for tuberculosis research and diagnostics. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:22-35. [PMID: 35918247 PMCID: PMC9771891 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to the mycobacterial surface lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its related capsular polysaccharide arabinomannan (AM) are increasingly important for investigations focused on both understanding mechanisms of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and developing next-generation point-of-care tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. We provide here an overview of the growing pipeline of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to LAM/AM. Old and new methodologies for their generation are reviewed and we outline and discuss their glycan epitope specificity and other features with implications for the TB field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Zhou X, Xu H, Li Q, Wang Q, Liu H, Huang Y, Liang Y, Lie L, Han Z, Chen Y, Huang Y, Zhou W, Wen Q, Zhou C, Hu S, Ma L. Viperin deficiency promotes dendritic cell activation and function via NF-kappaB activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:27-41. [PMID: 36315280 PMCID: PMC9902321 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the key immune cells in bridging innate and adaptive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Interferons (IFNs) play important roles in regulating DC activation and function. Virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible (Viperin) is one of the important IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and elicits host defense against infection. METHODS We investigated the effects and mechanisms of Viperin on DC activation and function using Viperin deficient bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) during Mtb infection. RESULTS Viperin deficiency enhanced phagocytic activity and increased clearance of Mtb in DCs, produced higher abundance of NO, cytokine including interleukin-12 (IL-12), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6 and chemokine including CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL10, elevated MHC I, MHC II and co-stimulatory molecules expression, and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Mechanistically, Viperin deficiency promoted DC activation and function through NF-κB p65 activation. NF-κB p65 inhibitor prevented cytokine and chemokine production, and co-stimulatory molecules expression promoted by Viperin deficiency. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Mtb induced Viperin expression could impair the activation of host defense function of DCs and DC-T cell cross talk during Mtb infection. This research may provide a potential target for future HDT in TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qianna Li
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yingqi Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yao Liang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Linmiao Lie
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yaoxin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Wenle Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Tim-3 expression is induced by mycobacterial antigens and identifies tissue-resident subsets of MAIT cells from patients with tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105021. [PMID: 35811063 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident MAIT cells in tuberculous pleural effusions, the site of tuberculosis infection, were investigated in the study. Tim-3+CD69+CD103+ and CD39+CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident MAIT cell subsets were identified in tuberculous pleural effusions. Tim-3 expression in MAIT cells was greatly induced and CD39 expression was elevated following ex vivo stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Mycobacterial antigen-stimulated Tim-3+CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident MAIT cells had higher frequency of IFN-γ- and granzyme B-producing cells than Tim-3-CD69+CD103+ subset, while CD39+CD69+CD103+ MAIT cells had similar frequency of IFN-γ-positive cells but higher ratio of granzyme B-producing cells than CD39-CD69+CD103+ subset. Blocking of IL-2, IL-12p70 or IL-18 but not IL-15 led to significantly reduced expression of Tim-3 compared with isotype antibody control. In contrast, CD39 expression was not influenced by any of the cytokines tested. Tim-3+ MAIT cells had higher levels of lipid uptake and lipid content than Tim-3- cells. It is concluded that Tim-3+CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident MAIT cells were elevated in tuberculous pleural effusions and had higher capacity to produce effector molecules of IFN-γ and granzyme B.
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Verma A, Ghoshal A, Dwivedi VP, Bhaskar A. Tuberculosis: The success tale of less explored dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1079569. [PMID: 36619761 PMCID: PMC9813417 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1079569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is an intracellular pathogen that predominantly affects the alveolar macrophages in the respiratory tract. Upon infection, the activation of TLR2 and TLR4- mediated signaling pathways leads to lysosomal degradation of the bacteria. However, bacterium counteracts the host immune cells and utilizes them as a cellular niche for its survival. One distinctive mechanism of M.tb to limit the host stress responses such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation is induction of dormancy. As the environmental conditions become favorable, the bacteria resuscitate, resulting in a relapse of clinical symptoms. Different bacterial proteins play a critical role in maintaining the state of dormancy and resuscitation, namely, DevR (DosS), Hrp1, DATIN and RpfA-D, RipA, etc., respectively. Existing knowledge regarding the key proteins associated with dormancy and resuscitation can be employed to develop novel therapies. In this review we aim to highlight the current knowledge of bacterial progression from dormancy to resuscitation and the gaps in understanding the transition from dormant to active state. We have also focused on elucidating a few therapeutic strategies employed to prevent M.tb resuscitation.
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Chandra P, Grigsby SJ, Philips JA. Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:750-766. [PMID: 35879556 PMCID: PMC9310001 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has infected humans for millennia. M. tuberculosis is well adapted to establish infection, persist in the face of the host immune response and be transmitted to uninfected individuals. Its ability to complete this infection cycle depends on it both evading and taking advantage of host immune responses. The outcome of M. tuberculosis infection is often a state of equilibrium characterized by immunological control and bacterial persistence. Recent data have highlighted the diverse cell populations that respond to M. tuberculosis infection and the dynamic changes in the cellular and intracellular niches of M. tuberculosis during the course of infection. M. tuberculosis possesses an arsenal of protein and lipid effectors that influence macrophage functions and inflammatory responses; however, our understanding of the role that specific bacterial virulence factors play in the context of diverse cellular reservoirs and distinct infection stages is limited. In this Review, we discuss immune evasion and provocation by M. tuberculosis during its infection cycle and describe how a more detailed molecular understanding is crucial to enable the development of novel host-directed therapies, disease biomarkers and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Grigsby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Dartois VA, Rubin EJ. Anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development: challenges and priorities. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:685-701. [PMID: 35478222 PMCID: PMC9045034 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite two decades of intensified research to understand and cure tuberculosis disease, biological uncertainties remain and hamper progress. However, owing to collaborative initiatives including academia, the pharmaceutical industry and non-for-profit organizations, the drug candidate pipeline is promising. This exceptional success comes with the inherent challenge of prioritizing multidrug regimens for clinical trials and revamping trial designs to accelerate regimen development and capitalize on drug discovery breakthroughs. Most wanted are markers of progression from latent infection to active pulmonary disease, markers of drug response and predictors of relapse, in vitro tools to uncover synergies that translate clinically and animal models to reliably assess the treatment shortening potential of new regimens. In this Review, we highlight the benefits and challenges of 'one-size-fits-all' regimens and treatment duration versus individualized therapy based on disease severity and host and pathogen characteristics, considering scientific and operational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique A Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, and Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Eric J Rubin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang L, Xiong Y, Fu B, Guo D, Zaky MY, Lin X, Wu H. MicroRNAs as immune regulators and biomarkers in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027472. [PMID: 36389769 PMCID: PMC9647078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the most lethal infectious disease worldwide, and it greatly affects human health. Some diagnostic and therapeutic methods are available to effectively prevent and treat TB; however, only a few systematic studies have described the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TB. Combining multiple clinical datasets and previous studies on Mtb and miRNAs, we state that pathogens can exploit interactions between miRNAs and other biomolecules to avoid host mechanisms of immune-mediated clearance and survive in host cells for a long time. During the interaction between Mtb and host cells, miRNA expression levels are altered, resulting in the changes in the miRNA-mediated regulation of host cell metabolism, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition, differential miRNA expression can be used to distinguish healthy individuals, patients with TB, and patients with latent TB. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in immune regulation and their application as biomarkers in TB. These findings could provide new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Analysis of Factors Affecting the Rate of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Management in Pediatrics. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101567. [PMID: 36291503 PMCID: PMC9600534 DOI: 10.3390/children9101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of tuberculosis remains high in South Korea; the management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has become the prime target for reducing the infection rate. The management of pediatric LTBI is especially crucial because children can serve as a long-term source of infection upon developing active tuberculosis. Therefore, it is important to assess pediatric LTBI using contact investigation and follow-up. We conducted a retrospective study on children aged between 0 and 18 years who visited our hospital for tuberculosis contact screening from February 2012 to February 2021. Tuberculosis index cases and their clinical characteristics were also reviewed retrospectively. A total of 350 children were investigated, and 68 of 247 (27.5%) were diagnosed with LTBI. The rate of LTBI (r = 7.98, p < 0.001) and the risk of loss to follow-up (r = 27.038, p < 0.001) were higher in cases with close household contact. Sputum (r = 10.992, p < 0.001) and positive acid-fast bacillus (AFB) stain (r = 4.458, p = 0.001) in tuberculosis index cases were related to the diagnosis of LTBI in pediatric contacts. Active management is needed for tuberculosis screening in pediatric contacts, especially when the contacts are older and the index case is within the family, and when the index case has sputum and has tested positive for AFB smear.
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Wang Y, Qu M, Liu Y, Wang H, Dong Y, Zhou X. KLK12 Regulates MMP-1 and MMP-9 via Bradykinin Receptors: Biomarkers for Differentiating Latent and Active Bovine Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012257. [PMID: 36293113 PMCID: PMC9603359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that kallikrein12 (KLK12) expression is closely related to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) development. Herein, we sought to clarify the regulatory mechanism of KLK12 and its application in tuberculosis diagnosis. KLK12 knockdown macrophages were produced by siRNA transfection. Bradykinin receptors (BR, including B1R and B2R) were blocked with specific inhibitors. Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) was extracted from Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and used to study the mechanism of KLK12 activation. In addition, we constructed different mouse models representing the latent and active stages of M. bovis infection. Mouse models and clinical serum samples were used to assess the diagnostic value of biomarkers. Through the above methods, we confirmed that KLK12 regulates MMP-1 and MMP-9 via BR. KLK12 upregulation is mediated by the M. bovis-specific antigen ManLAM. KLK12, MMP-1, and MMP-9 harbor significant value as serological markers for differentiating between latent and active bTB, especially KLK12. In conclusion, we identified a novel signaling pathway, KLK12/BR/ERK/MMPs, in M. bovis-infected macrophages, which is activated by ManLAM. From this signaling pathway, KLK12 can be used as a serological marker to differentiate between latent and active bTB. Importantly, KLK12 also has enormous potential for the clinical diagnosis of human tuberculosis (TB).
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Alebouyeh S, Cárdenas-Pestana JA, Vazquez L, Prados-Rosales R, Del Portillo P, Sanz J, Menéndez MC, García MJ. Iron deprivation enhances transcriptional responses to in vitro growth arrest of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956602. [PMID: 36267176 PMCID: PMC9577196 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) long-term infection in vivo depends on several factors, one of which is the availability of key nutrients such as iron (Fe). The relation between Fe deprivation inside and outside the granuloma, and the capacity of Mtb to accumulate lipids and persist in the absence of growth is not well understood. In this context, current knowledge of how Mtb modifies its lipid composition in response to growth arrest, depending on iron availability, is scarce. To shed light on these matters, in this work we compare genome-wide transcriptomic and lipidomic profiles of Mtb at exponential and stationary growth phases using cultures with glycerol as a carbon source, in the presence or absence of iron. As a result, we found that transcriptomic responses to growth arrest, considered as the transition from exponential to stationary phase, are iron dependent for as many as 714 genes (iron-growth interaction contrast, FDR <0.05), and that, in a majority of these genes, iron deprivation enhances the magnitude of the transcriptional responses to growth arrest in either direction. On the one hand, genes whose upregulation upon growth arrest is enhanced by iron deprivation were enriched in functional terms related to homeostasis of ion metals, and responses to several stressful cues considered cardinal features of the intracellular environment. On the other hand, genes showing negative responses to growth arrest that are stronger in iron-poor medium were enriched in energy production processes (TCA cycle, NADH dehydrogenation and cellular respiration), and key controllers of ribosomal activity shut-down, such as the T/A system mazE6/F6. Despite of these findings, a main component of the cell envelope, lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), was not detected in the stationary phase regardless of iron availability, suggesting that lipid changes during Mtb adaptation to non-dividing phenotypes appear to be iron-independent. Taken together, our results indicate that environmental iron levels act as a key modulator of the intensity of the transcriptional adaptations that take place in the bacterium upon its transition between dividing and dormant-like phenotypes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Alebouyeh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A. Cárdenas-Pestana
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucia Vazquez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Sanz
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria J. García,
| | - Maria Carmen Menéndez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Maria Carmen Menéndez,
| | - Maria J. García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Joaquín Sanz,
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Latent Tuberculosis: A Promising New Compound to Treat Non-Replicating and Intramacrophagic Mycobacteria. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102398. [PMID: 36289661 PMCID: PMC9598318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a biologic reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), one-quarter of the world population is infected with the well-known latent tuberculosis (LTBI). About 5–10% of LTBI patients will progress to active disease in the first years after primary infection and, despite using the recommended treatment, 20% can still reactivate the infection. A new LTBI treatment could minimize adverse effects and antibiotic resistance that can occur when the same drug is used to treat the latent and active disease. New hydrazones were evaluated, and they showed great inhibitory activity against intramacrophagic and non-replicating M. tb, commonly found at this stage of infection, in addition to bactericidal and narrow-spectrum activity. When tested against eukaryotic cells, the hydrazones showed great safety at different exposure times. In vitro, these compounds performed better than isoniazid and could be considered new candidates for LTBI treatment, which may promote greater engagement in its prescription and adherence.
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Flores-Lovon K, Ortiz-Saavedra B, Cueva-Chicaña LA, Aperrigue-Lira S, Montes-Madariaga ES, Soriano-Moreno DR, Bell B, Macedo R. Immune responses in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection: A scoping review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992743. [PMID: 36090983 PMCID: PMC9459402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimPatients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection are at an increased risk of severe disease and death. We therefore sought to evaluate the current evidence which assessed the immune response in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfectionMethodsWe searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify articles published between 2020 and 2021. We included observational studies evaluating the immune response in patients with tuberculosis and COVID-19 compared to patients with COVID-19 alone.ResultsFour cross-sectional studies (372 participants) were identified. In patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 and latent tuberculosis (LTBI), increased cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and humoral responses were found. In addition, patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and LTBI had higher leukocytes counts and less inflammation. Regarding patients with COVID-19 and active tuberculosis (aTB), they exhibited decreased total lymphocyte counts, CD4 T cells specific against SARS-CoV-2 and responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 antigens compared to patients with only COVID-19.ConclusionAlthough the evidence is limited, an apparent positive immunomodulation is observed in patients with COVID-19 and LTBI. On the other hand, patients with COVID-19 and aTB present a dysregulated immune response. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and expand knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Flores-Lovon
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Brando Ortiz-Saavedra
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Luis A. Cueva-Chicaña
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Shalom Aperrigue-Lira
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Elizbet S. Montes-Madariaga
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
| | | | - Brett Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rodney Macedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología – GII, UNSA, Arequipa, Peru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodney Macedo,
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Alebouyeh S, Weinrick B, Achkar JM, García MJ, Prados-Rosales R. Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the spectrum of the tuberculosis disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:965359. [PMID: 36072954 PMCID: PMC9441758 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.965359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is manifested as a continuum spectrum of infectious states. Both, the most common and clinically asymptomatic latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and the symptomatic disease, active tuberculosis (TB), are at opposite ends of the spectrum. Such binary classification is insufficient to describe the existing clinical heterogeneity, which includes incipient and subclinical TB. The absence of clinically TB-related symptoms and the extremely low bacterial burden are features shared by LTBI, incipient and subclinical TB states. In addition, diagnosis relies on cytokine release after antigenic T cell stimulation, yet several studies have shown that a high proportion of individuals with immunoreactivity never developed disease, suggesting that they were no longer infected. LTBI is estimated to affect to approximately one fourth of the human population and, according to WHO data, reactivation of LTBI is the main responsible of TB cases in developed countries. Assuming the drawbacks associated to the current diagnostic tests at this part of the disease spectrum, properly assessing individuals at real risk of developing TB is a major need. Further, it would help to efficiently design preventive treatment. This quest would be achievable if information about bacterial viability during human silent Mtb infection could be determined. Here, we have evaluated the feasibility of new approaches to detect viable bacilli across the full spectrum of TB disease. We focused on methods that specifically can measure host-independent parameters relying on the viability of Mtb either by its direct or indirect detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Alebouyeh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jacqueline M. Achkar
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria J. García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria J. García,
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Rafael Prados-Rosales,
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Monocyte Transcriptional Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Associate with Resistance to Tuberculin Skin Test and Interferon Gamma Release Assay Conversion. mSphere 2022; 7:e0015922. [PMID: 35695527 PMCID: PMC9241521 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00159-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB) and among the top infectious killers worldwide, results in infection that is cleared, contained, or progresses to disease. Some heavily exposed tuberculosis contacts show no evidence of infection using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA); yet the mechanisms underlying this "resister" (RSTR) phenotype are unclear. To identify transcriptional responses that distinguish RSTR monocytes, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on monocytes isolated from heavily exposed household contacts in Uganda and gold miners in South Africa after ex vivo M. tuberculosis infection. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed several gene pathways that were consistently enriched in response to M. tuberculosis among RSTR subjects compared to controls with positive TST/IGRA testing (latent TB infection [LTBI]) across Uganda and South Africa. The most significantly enriched gene set in which expression was increased in RSTR relative to LTBI M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes was the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway whose core enrichment (leading edge) substantially overlapped across RSTR populations. These leading-edge genes included candidate resistance genes (ABCA1 and DUSP2) with significantly increased expression among Uganda RSTRs (false-discovery rate [FDR], <0.1). The distinct monocyte transcriptional response to M. tuberculosis among RSTR subjects, including increased expression of the TNF signaling pathway, highlights genes and inflammatory pathways that may mediate resistance to TST/IGRA conversion and provides therapeutic targets to enhance host restriction of M. tuberculosis intracellular infection. IMPORTANCE After heavy M. tuberculosis exposure, the events that determine why some individuals resist TST/IGRA conversion are poorly defined. Enrichment of the TNF signaling gene set among RSTR monocytes from multiple distinct cohorts suggests an important role for the monocyte TNF response in determining this alternative immune outcome. These TNF responses to M. tuberculosis among RSTRs may contribute to antimicrobial programs that result in early clearance or the priming of alternative (gamma interferon-independent) cellular responses.
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Brandenburg J, Heyckendorf J, Marwitz F, Zehethofer N, Linnemann L, Gisch N, Karaköse H, Reimann M, Kranzer K, Kalsdorf B, Sanchez-Carballo P, Weinkauf M, Scholz V, Malm S, Homolka S, Gaede KI, Herzmann C, Schaible UE, Hölscher C, Reiling N, Schwudke D. Tuberculostearic Acid-Containing Phosphatidylinositols as Markers of Bacterial Burden in Tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1303-1315. [PMID: 35763439 PMCID: PMC9274766 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
One-fourth of the
global human population is estimated to be infected
with strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Using
lipidomic approaches, we show that tuberculostearic acid (TSA)-containing
phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are molecular markers for infection with
clinically relevant MTBC strains and signify bacterial burden. For
the most abundant lipid marker, detection limits of ∼102 colony forming units (CFUs) and ∼103 CFUs
for bacterial and cell culture systems were determined, respectively.
We developed a targeted lipid assay, which can be performed within
a day including sample preparation—roughly 30-fold faster than
in conventional methods based on bacterial culture. This indirect
and culture-free detection approach allowed us to determine pathogen
loads in infected murine macrophages, human neutrophils, and murine
lung tissue. These marker lipids inferred from mycobacterial PIs were
found in higher levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of TB
patients compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, in a small cohort
of drug-susceptible TB patients, elevated levels of these molecular
markers were detected at the start of therapy and declined upon successful
anti-TB treatment. Thus, the concentration of TSA-containing PIs can
be used as a correlate for the mycobacterial burden in experimental
models and in vitro systems and may prospectively also provide a clinically
relevant tool to monitor TB severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Brandenburg
- Division of Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Franziska Marwitz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicole Zehethofer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Lara Linnemann
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Hande Karaköse
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Maja Reimann
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Kranzer
- National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Barbara Kalsdorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Patricia Sanchez-Carballo
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Clinical Tuberculosis Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Weinkauf
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Verena Scholz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Sven Malm
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Homolka
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karoline I Gaede
- BioMaterialBank Nord, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Herzmann
- Center for Clinical Studies, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,Division of Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Division of Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
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Optimal Detection of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection by Combined Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin (HBHA) and Early Secreted Antigenic Target 6 (ESAT-6) Whole-Blood Interferon Gamma Release Assays. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0244321. [PMID: 35430897 PMCID: PMC9116186 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02443-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) remains a challenge, although it is essential to reach the goal of TB elimination. Our objective was to develop and clinically evaluate a user-friendly, 24-h, whole-blood (WB) interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) improving the detection of LTBI, compared to available tests. One milliliter of blood was divided into four aliquots and in vitro stimulated for 24 h with two different stage-specific mycobacterial antigens, i.e., heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) and early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6), a latency-associated antigen and a bacterial replication-related antigen, respectively, in addition to positive and negative controls. Clinical evaluation was performed on two independent cohorts of carefully selected subjects, i.e., a training cohort of 83 individuals and a validation cohort of 69 individuals. Both cohorts comprised LTBI subjects (asymptomatic people with a positive tuberculin skin test result and potential exposure to TB index cases), patients with active TB (aTB), and noninfected controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the WB-HBHA-IGRA to identify LTBI subjects among asymptomatic individuals were 93%. Combining the results in response to HBHA and ESAT-6 allowed us to identify LTBI subgroups. One group, with IFN-γ responses to HBHA only, was easily differentiated from patients with aTB. The other group, responding to both antigens like the aTB group, is likely at risk to reactivate the infection and should be prioritized for prophylactic anti-TB treatment. The combined WB-IGRA may be offered to clinicians for the selection of LTBI subjects to benefit from prophylactic treatment.
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48
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Dirix V, Collart P, Van Praet A, Hites M, Dauby N, Allard S, Racapé J, Singh M, Locht C, Mascart F, Corbière V. Immuno-Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis by a Combination of Cytokines/Chemokines Induced by Two Stage-Specific Mycobacterial Antigens: A Pilot Study in a Low TB Incidence Country. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842604. [PMID: 35359958 PMCID: PMC8960450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Active tuberculosis (aTB) remains a major killer from infectious disease, partially due to delayed diagnosis and hence treatment. Classical microbiological methods are slow and lack sensitivity, molecular techniques are costly and often unavailable. Moreover, available immuno-diagnostic tests lack sensitivity and do not differentiate between aTB and latent TB infection (LTBI). Here, we evaluated the performance of the combined measurement of different chemokines/cytokines induced by two different stage-specific mycobacterial antigens, Early-secreted-antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and Heparin-binding-haemagglutinin (HBHA), after a short in vitro incubation of either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or whole blood (WB). Blood samples were collected from a training cohort comprising 22 aTB patients, 22 LTBI subjects and 17 non-infected controls. The concentrations of 13 cytokines were measured in the supernatants. Random forest analysis identified the best markers to differentiate M. tuberculosis-infected from non-infected subjects, and the most appropriate markers to differentiate aTB from LTBI. Logistic regression defined predictive abilities of selected combinations of cytokines, first on the training and then on a validation cohort (17 aTB, 27 LTBI, 25 controls). Combining HBHA- and ESAT-6-induced IFN-γ concentrations produced by PBMC was optimal to differentiate infected from non-infected individuals in the training cohort (100% correct classification), but 2/16 (13%) patients with aTB were misclassified in the validation cohort. ESAT-6-induced-IP-10 combined with HBHA-induced-IFN-γ concentrations was selected to differentiate aTB from LTBI, and correctly classified 82%/77% of infected subjects as aTB or LTBI in the training/validation cohorts, respectively. Results obtained on WB also selected ESAT-6- and HBHA-induced IFN-γ concentrations to provided discrimination between infected and non-infected subjects (89%/90% correct classification in the training/validation cohorts). Further identification of aTB patients among infected subjects was best achieved by combining ESAT-6-induced IP-10 with HBHA-induced IL-2 and GM-CSF. Among infected subjects, 90%/93% of the aTB patients were correctly identified in the training/validation cohorts. We therefore propose a two steps strategy performed on 1 mL WB for a rapid identification of patients with aTB. After elimination of most non-infected subjects by combining ESAT-6 and HBHA-induced IFN-γ, the combination of IP-10, IL-2 and GM-CSF released by either ESAT-6 or HBHA correctly identifies most patients with aTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Dirix
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Collart
- Biostatistiques du Pôle Santé (BIOPS), Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Van Praet
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maya Hites
- Clinique des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Allard
- Dienst Interne Geneeskunde - Infectiologie, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judith Racapé
- Biomedical Research Center, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
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Lowary TL, Achkar JM. Tailor Made: New Insights Into Lipoarabinomannan Structure May Improve TB Diagnosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101678. [PMID: 35122792 PMCID: PMC8913296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the mycobacterial glycolipid lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine by anti-LAM antibodies fills a gap in the diagnostic armamentarium of much needed simple rapid tests for tuberculosis, but lacks high sensitivity in all patient groups. A better understanding of LAM structure from clinically relevant strains may allow improvements in diagnostic performance. De et al. have recently determined the structures of LAM from three epidemiologically important lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and probed their interaction with an anti-LAM monoclonal antibody. Their results not only identify a series of tailoring modifications that impact antibody binding but also provide a roadmap for improving U-LAM-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Lowary
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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50
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Singer SN, Ndumnego OC, Kim RS, Ndung'u T, Anastos K, French A, Churchyard G, Paramithiothis E, Kasprowicz VO, Achkar JM. Plasma host protein biomarkers correlating with increasing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity prior to tuberculosis diagnosis in people living with HIV. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103787. [PMID: 34968761 PMCID: PMC8718743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers correlating with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity/burden in asymptomatic individuals are urgently needed to identify and treat those at highest risk for developing active tuberculosis (TB). Our main objective was to identify plasma host protein biomarkers that change over time prior to developing TB in people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS Using multiplex MRM-MS, we investigated host protein expressions from 2 years before until time of TB diagnosis in longitudinally collected (every 3-6 months) and stored plasma from PLHIV with incident TB, identified within a South African (SA) and US cohort. We performed temporal trend and discriminant analyses for proteins, and, to assure clinical relevance, we further compared protein levels at TB diagnosis to interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA; SA) or tuberculin-skin test (TST; US) positive and negative cohort subjects without TB. SA and US exploratory data were analyzed separately. FINDINGS We identified 15 proteins in the SA (n=30) and 10 in the US (n=24) incident TB subjects which both changed from 2 years prior until time of TB diagnosis after controlling for 10% false discovery rate, and were significantly different at time of TB diagnosis compared to non-TB subjects (p<0.01). Five proteins, CD14, A2GL, NID1, SCTM1, and A1AG1, overlapped between both cohorts. Furthermore, after cross-validation, panels of 5 - 12 proteins were able to predict TB up to two years before diagnosis. INTERPRETATION Host proteins can be biomarkers for increasing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity/burden, incipient TB, and predict TB development in PLHIV. FUNDING NIH/NIAID AI117927, AI146329, and AI127173 to JMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Singer
- Departments of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Ryung S Kim
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4013, South Africa; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Max Planck Institute of Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Departments of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Audrey French
- Department of Medicine, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eustache Paramithiothis
- CellCarta Biosciences Inc, 201 President-Kennedy Ave., Suite 3900 Montreal, H2×3Y7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria O Kasprowicz
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4013, South Africa; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Departments of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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