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Kim DH, Lee S, Noh SG, Lee J, Chung HY. FoxO6-mediated ApoC3 upregulation promotes hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia in aged rats fed a high-fat diet. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4095-4115. [PMID: 38441531 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
FoxO6, an identified factor, induces hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis during aging by activating hepatic lipoprotein secretion and lipogenesis leading to increased ApoC3 concentrations in the bloodstream. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying hepatic steatosis induced by elevated FoxO6 under hyperglycemic conditions remain intricate and require further elucidation. In order to delineate the regulatory pathway involving ApoC3 controlled by FoxO6 and its resultant functional impacts, we employed a spectrum of models including liver cell cultures, aged rats subjected to HFD, transgenic mice overexpressing FoxO6 (FoxO6-Tg), and FoxO6 knockout mice (FoxO6-KO). Our findings indicate that FoxO6 triggered ApoC3-driven lipid accumulation in the livers of aged rats on an HFD and in FoxO6-Tg, consequently leading to hepatic steatosis and hyperglycemia. Conversely, the absence of FoxO6 attenuated the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, resulting in diminished hepatic lipid accumulation and mitigated hyperlipidemia in murine models. Additionally, the upregulation of FoxO6 due to elevated glucose levels led to increased ApoC3 expression, consequently instigating cellular triglyceride mediated lipid accumulation. The transcriptional activation of FoxO6 induced by both the HFD and high glucose levels resulted in hepatic steatosis by upregulating ApoC3 and genes associated with gluconeogenesis in aged rats and liver cell cultures. Our conclusions indicate that the upregulation of ApoC3 by FoxO6 promotes the development of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in vivo, and in vitro. Taken together, our findings underscore the significance of FoxO6 in driving hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis specifically under hyperglycemic states by enhancing the expression of ApoC3 in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Kim GH, Jeong HJ, Lee YJ, Park HY, Koo SK, Lim JH. Vitamin D ameliorates age-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by increasing the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) 60 level. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:142-155. [PMID: 38172593 PMCID: PMC10834941 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. Despite intensive research, considerable information on NAFLD development remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effects of vitamin D on age-induced NAFLD, especially in connection with mitochondrial abnormalities. We observed the prevention of NAFLD in 22-month-old C57BL/6 mice fed a vitamin D3-supplemented (20,000 IU/kg) diet compared with mice fed a control (1000 IU/kg) diet. We evaluated whether vitamin D3 supplementation enhanced mitochondrial functions. We found that the level of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) 60 (Mic60) level was reduced in aged mice, and this reduction was specifically restored by vitamin D3. In addition, depletion of Immt, the human gene encoding the Mic60 protein, induced changes in gene expression patterns that led to fat accumulation in both HepG2 and primary hepatocytes, and these alterations were effectively prevented by vitamin D3. In addition, silencing of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) decreased the Mic60 levels, which were recovered by vitamin D treatment. To assess whether VDR directly regulates Mic60 levels, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene analysis. We discovered that VDR directly binds to the Immt 5' promoter region spanning positions -3157 to -2323 and thereby upregulates Mic60. Our study provides the first demonstration that a reduction in Mic60 levels due to aging may be one of the mechanisms underlying the development of aging-associated NAFLD. In addition, vitamin D3 could positively regulate Mic60 expression, and this may be one of the important mechanisms by which vitamin D could ameliorate age-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Young Park
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Teaney NA, Cyr NE. FoxO1 as a tissue-specific therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286838. [PMID: 37941908 PMCID: PMC10629996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins are transcription factors that mediate many aspects of physiology and thus have been targeted as therapeutics for several diseases including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The role of FoxO1 in metabolism has been well studied, but recently FoxO1's potential for diabetes prevention and therapy has been debated. For example, studies have shown that increased FoxO1 activity in certain tissue types contributes to T2D pathology, symptoms, and comorbidities, yet in other tissue types elevated FoxO1 has been reported to alleviate symptoms associated with diabetes. Furthermore, studies have reported opposite effects of active FoxO1 in the same tissue type. For example, in the liver, FoxO1 contributes to T2D by increasing hepatic glucose production. However, FoxO1 has been shown to either increase or decrease hepatic lipogenesis as well as adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, FoxO1 reduces glucose uptake and oxidation, promotes lipid uptake and oxidation, and increases muscle atrophy. While many studies show that FoxO1 lowers pancreatic insulin production and secretion, others show the opposite, especially in response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Elevated FoxO1 in the hypothalamus increases the risk of developing T2D. However, increased FoxO1 may mitigate Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease strongly associated with T2D. Conversely, accumulating evidence implicates increased FoxO1 with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Here we review FoxO1's actions in T2D conditions in metabolic tissues that abundantly express FoxO1 and highlight some of the current studies targeting FoxO1 for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Teaney
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
| | - Nicole E. Cyr
- Stonehill College, Neuroscience Program, Easton, MA, United States
- Stonehill College, Department of Biology, Easton, MA, United States
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Yildirim V, ter Horst KW, Gilijamse PW, van Harskamp D, Schierbeek H, Jansen H, Schimmel AW, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK, Serlie MJ, van Riel NA, Dallinga-Thie GM. Bariatric surgery improves postprandial VLDL kinetics and restores insulin-mediated regulation of hepatic VLDL production. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166905. [PMID: 37432744 PMCID: PMC10543721 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia in obesity results from excessive production and impaired clearance of triglyceride-rich (TG-rich) lipoproteins, which are particularly pronounced in the postprandial state. Here, we investigated the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on postprandial VLDL1 and VLDL2 apoB and TG kinetics and their relationship with insulin-responsiveness indices. Morbidly obese patients without diabetes who were scheduled for RYGB surgery (n = 24) underwent a lipoprotein kinetics study during a mixed-meal test and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study before the surgery and 1 year later. A physiologically based computational model was developed to investigate the impact of RYGB surgery and plasma insulin on postprandial VLDL kinetics. After the surgery, VLDL1 apoB and TG production rates were significantly decreased, whereas VLDL2 apoB and TG production rates remained unchanged. The TG catabolic rate was increased in both VLDL1 and VLDL2 fractions, but only the VLDL2 apoB catabolic rate tended to increase. Furthermore, postsurgery VLDL1 apoB and TG production rates, but not those of VLDL2, were positively correlated with insulin resistance. Insulin-mediated stimulation of peripheral lipoprotein lipolysis was also improved after the surgery. In summary, RYGB resulted in reduced hepatic VLDL1 production that correlated with reduced insulin resistance, elevated VLDL2 clearance, and improved insulin sensitivity in lipoprotein lipolysis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vehpi Yildirim
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | | | - Dewi van Harskamp
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Jansen
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alinda W.M. Schimmel
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natal A.W. van Riel
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shao Y, Chen S, Han L, Liu J. Pharmacotherapies of NAFLD: updated opportunities based on metabolic intervention. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:30. [PMID: 37415199 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent, and it ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of pharmacotherapeutic strategies approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which results in a higher risk of death related to carcinoma and cardiovascular complications. Of note, it is well established that the pathogenesis of NAFLD is tightly associated with whole metabolic dysfunction. Thus, targeting interconnected metabolic conditions could present promising benefits to NAFLD, according to a number of clinical studies. Here, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of the development of NAFLD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and intestinal metabolism, and provide insight into pharmacological targets. In addition, we present updates on the progresses in the development of pharmacotherapeutic strategies based on metabolic intervention globally, which could lead to new opportunities for NAFLD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodi Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Kundu D, Kennedy L, Zhou T, Ekser B, Meadows V, Sybenga A, Kyritsi K, Chen L, Ceci L, Wu N, Wu C, Glaser S, Carpino G, Onori P, Gaudio E, Alpini G, Francis H. p16 INK4A drives nonalcoholic fatty liver disease phenotypes in high fat diet fed mice through biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. Hepatology 2023; 78:243-257. [PMID: 36799449 PMCID: PMC10410572 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD is characterized by steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, which can develop into NASH. Patients with NAFLD/NASH have increased ductular reaction (DR) and biliary senescence. High fat/high cholesterol diet feeding increases biliary senescence, DR, and biliary insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression in mice. p16/IGF-1 converges with fork-head box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) through E2F1. We evaluated p16 inhibition on NAFLD phenotypes and biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. APPROACH AND RESULTS 4-week wild-type (C57BL/6J) male mice were fed a control diet (CD) or high fat/high cholesterol diet and received either p16 or control Vivo Morpholino (VM) by tail vein injection 2× during the 16th week of feeding. We confirmed p16 knockdown and examined: (i) NAFLD phenotypes; (ii) DR and biliary senescence; (iii) serum metabolites; and (iv) biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. Human normal, NAFLD, and NASH liver samples and isolated cholangiocytes treated with control or p16 VM were evaluated for p16/E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling. p16 VM treatment reduced cholangiocyte and hepatocyte p16. In wild-type high fat/high cholesterol diet mice with control VM, there were increased (i) NAFLD phenotypes; (ii) DR and biliary senescence; (iii) serum metabolites; and (iv) biliary E2F1/FOXO1/IGF-1 signaling; however, p16 VM treatment reduced these parameters. Biliary E2F1/FOX-O1/IGF-1 signaling increased in human NAFLD/NASH but was blocked by p16 VM. In vitro , p16 VM reduced biliary E2f1 and Foxo1 transcription by inhibiting RNA pol II binding and E2F1 binding at the Foxo1 locus, respectively. Inhibition of E2F1 reduced biliary FOXO1 in vitro. CONCLUSION Attenuating hepatic p16 expression may be a therapeutic approach for improving NAFLD/NASH phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | | | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
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Uehara K, Santoleri D, Whitlock AEG, Titchenell PM. Insulin Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4785-4809. [PMID: 37358513 PMCID: PMC10760932 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes (T2DM) continues to rise worldwide. The liver is a central insulin-responsive metabolic organ that governs whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, defining the mechanisms underlying insulin action in the liver is essential to our understanding of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. During periods of fasting, the liver catabolizes fatty acids and stored glycogen to meet the metabolic demands of the body. In postprandial conditions, insulin signals to the liver to store excess nutrients into triglycerides, cholesterol, and glycogen. In insulin-resistant states, such as T2DM, hepatic insulin signaling continues to promote lipid synthesis but fails to suppress glucose production, leading to hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance is associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular and kidney disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Of note, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of diseases encompassing fatty liver, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is linked to abnormalities in insulin-mediated lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the role of insulin signaling under normal and pathologic states may provide insights into preventative and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we provide a review of the field of hepatic insulin signaling and lipid regulation, including providing historical context, detailed molecular mechanisms, and address gaps in our understanding of hepatic lipid regulation and the derangements under insulin-resistant conditions. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4785-4809, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahealani Uehara
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominic Santoleri
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna E. Garcia Whitlock
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ding H, Yu JH, Ge G, Ma YY, Wang JC, Zhang J, Liu J. RASAL2 Deficiency Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Promoting Hepatic VLDL Secretion via the AKT/TET1/MTTP Axis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:261-272. [PMID: 36643045 PMCID: PMC9817063 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is a newly discovered metabolic regulator involved in energy homeostasis and adipogenesis. However, whether RASAL2 is involved in hepatic lipid metabolism remains undetermined. This study explored the function of RASAL2 and elucidated its potential mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS NAFLD models were established either by feeding mice a high-fat diet or by incubation of hepatocytes with 1 mM free fatty acids (oleic acid:palmitic acid=2:1). Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining, BODIPY493/503 staining, and triglyceride quantification. The in vivo secretion rate of very low-density lipoprotein was determined by intravenous injection of tyloxapol. Gene regulation was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS RASAL2 deficiency ameliorated hepatic steatosis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, RASAL2 deficiency upregulated hepatic TET1 expression by activating the AKT signaling pathway and thereby promoted MTTP expression by DNA hydroxymethylation, leading to increased production and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein, which is the major carrier of triglycerides exported from the liver to distal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the first evidence that RASAL2 deficiency ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid metabolism through the AKT/TET1/MTTP axis. These findings will help understand the pathogenesis of NAFLD and highlight the potency of RASAL2 as a new molecular target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Yu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Ge
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yun Ma
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Six-sector Industrial Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiu-Cun Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Jie Liu and Jun Zhang, Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-187X (JL), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-6070 (JZ). Tel: +86-21-52888236 (JL), +86-21-52888237 (JZ), Fax: +86-21-52888236, E-mail: (JL) and
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Jie Liu and Jun Zhang, Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-187X (JL), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-6070 (JZ). Tel: +86-21-52888236 (JL), +86-21-52888237 (JZ), Fax: +86-21-52888236, E-mail: (JL) and
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Koshko L, Scofield S, Debarba L, Stilgenbauer L, Sacla M, Fakhoury P, Jayarathne H, Perez-Mojica JE, Griggs E, Lempradl A, Sadagurski M. Prenatal benzene exposure alters offspring hypothalamic development predisposing to metabolic disease in later life. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.05.522910. [PMID: 36711607 PMCID: PMC9881982 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is essential in the regulation of metabolism, notably during critical windows of development. An abnormal hormonal and inflammatory milieu during development can trigger persistent changes in the function of hypothalamic circuits, leading to long-lasting effects on the body’s energy homeostasis and metabolism. We recently demonstrated that gestational exposure to benzene at smoking levels induces severe metabolic dysregulation in the offspring. Given the central role of the hypothalamus in metabolic control, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to benzene impacts hypothalamic development, contributing to the adverse metabolic effects in the offspring. C57BL/6JB dams were exposed to benzene in the inhalation chambers exclusively during pregnancy (from E0.5 to E19). The transcriptome analysis of the offspring hypothalamus at postnatal day 21 (P21) revealed changes in genes related to metabolic regulation, inflammation, and neurodevelopment exclusively in benzene-exposed male offspring. Moreover, the hypothalamus of prenatally benzene-exposed male offspring displayed alterations in orexigenic and anorexigenic projections, impairments in leptin signaling, and increased microgliosis. Additional exposure to benzene during lactation did not promote further microgliosis or astrogliosis in the offspring, while the high-fat diet (HFD) challenge in adulthood exacerbated glucose metabolism and hypothalamic inflammation in benzene-exposed offspring of both sexes. These findings reveal the persistent impact of prenatal benzene exposure on hypothalamic circuits and neuroinflammation, predisposing the offspring to long-lasting metabolic health conditions.
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10
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Important Hormones Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207052. [PMID: 36296646 PMCID: PMC9607181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide variety of kinds of lipids, and complex structures which determine the diversity and complexity of their functions. With the basic characteristic of water insolubility, lipid molecules are independent of the genetic information composed by genes to proteins, which determine the particularity of lipids in the human body, with water as the basic environment and genes to proteins as the genetic system. In this review, we have summarized the current landscape on hormone regulation of lipid metabolism. After the well-studied PI3K-AKT pathway, insulin affects fat synthesis by controlling the activity and production of various transcription factors. New mechanisms of thyroid hormone regulation are discussed, receptor α and β may mediate different procedures, the effect of thyroid hormone on mitochondria provides a new insight for hormones regulating lipid metabolism. Physiological concentration of adrenaline induces the expression of extrapituitary prolactin in adipose tissue macrophages, which promotes fat weight loss. Manipulation of hormonal action has the potential to offer a new therapeutic horizon for the global burden of obesity and its associated complications such as morbidity and mortality.
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11
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Cao N, Li X, Zhang W, Wang Q, Liang Y, Zhou F, Xiao X. Research progress of signaling pathways of the natural substances intervene dyslipidemia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:494. [PMID: 35813312 PMCID: PMC9257764 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an umbrella term for a range of lipid metabolic disorders in the body. This condition has been widely reported to greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, threatening human health. In recent years, advances in molecular biology have deepened understanding of the dyslipidemia-related signaling pathways and specific mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia. Signaling pathways possess the ability to transmit an extracellular signal to the inside of the cell, leading to specific biological effects. Lipid metabolism disorders and lipid levels in the blood are frequently affected by aberrant alterations in the dyslipidemia-related signaling pathways. Therefore, further investigations into these pathways are required for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia. The present review summarizes the characteristics of six dyslipidemia-associated signaling pathways: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, farnesoid X receptor, forkhead box O, adipocytokine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathways. In particular, specific focus was placed on previous experimental studies and reports on the intervention effects of natural substances (compounds from animals, plants, marine organisms and microorganisms) on dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Wanjing Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Binhai, Tianjin 300301, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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12
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Jakubiak GK, Cieślar G, Stanek A. Nitrotyrosine, Nitrated Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: What Do We Know and What Remains to Be Explained? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050856. [PMID: 35624720 PMCID: PMC9137700 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the population of patients living with DM. DM is associated with lipid metabolism disorders characterized by a decrease in the high-density lipoprotein blood concentration, an increase in the triglyceride blood concentration, and the presence of modified lipoproteins not routinely measured in clinical practice. Nitrated lipoproteins are produced by the nitration of the tyrosyl residues of apolipoproteins by myeloperoxidase. There is some evidence from the research conducted showing that nitrated lipoproteins may play a role in the development of cardiovascular dysfunction, but this issue requires further investigation. It was found that the nitration of HDL particles was associated with a decrease in caspase-3 and paraoxonase-1 activity, as well as a decrease in the activity of cholesterol transport via ABCA1, which reduces the protective effect of HDL particles on the cardiovascular system. Less information has been collected about the role of nitrated LDL particles. Thus far, much more information has been obtained on the relationship of nitrotyrosine expression with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. The purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive review of the literature and to present the most important information on the current state of knowledge on the association between nitrotyrosine and nitrated lipoproteins with dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, especially in patients living with DM. Moreover, directions for future research in this area were discussed.
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13
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Ibata T, Lyu J, Imachi H, Fukunaga K, Sato S, Kobayashi T, Saheki T, Yoshimura T, Murao K. Effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol, a Main Metabolite of Estradiol on Hepatic ABCA1 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020288. [PMID: 35057469 PMCID: PMC8779252 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key regulator of lipid efflux, and the absence of ABCA1 induces hepatic lipid accumulation, which is one of the major causes of fatty liver. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) has been demonstrated to protect against fatty liver. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-ME2 on the hepatic lipid content and ABCA1 expression. We found that 2-ME2 dose-dependently increased ABCA1 expression, and therefore, the lipid content was significantly decreased in HepG2 cells. 2-ME2 enhanced the ABCA1 promoter activity; however, this effect was reduced after the inhibition of the PI3K pathway. The overexpression of Akt or p110 induced ABCA1 promoter activity, while dominant-negative Akt diminished the ability of 2-ME2 on ABCA1 promoter activity. Further, 2-ME2 stimulated the rapid phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 and reduced the nuclear accumulation of FoxO1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that FoxO1 bonded to the ABCA1 promoter region. The binding was reduced by 2-ME2, which facilitated ABCA1 gene transcription. Furthermore, mutating FoxO1-binding sites in the ABCA1 promoter region or treatment with FoxO1-specific siRNA disrupted the effect of 2-ME2 on ABCA1 expression. All of our results demonstrated that 2-ME2 might upregulate ABCA1 expression via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway, which thus reduces the lipid content in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ibata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Jingya Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hitomi Imachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kensaku Fukunaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Seisuke Sato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takanobu Saheki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takafumi Yoshimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Lockridge A, Hanover JA. A nexus of lipid and O-Glcnac metabolism in physiology and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943576. [PMID: 36111295 PMCID: PMC9468787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditionally considered a glucose metabolism-associated modification, the O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulatory system interacts extensively with lipids and is required to maintain lipid homeostasis. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling have molecular properties consistent with those expected of broad-spectrum environmental sensors. By direct protein-protein interactions and catalytic modification, O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes may provide both acute and long-term adaptation to stress and other environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability. Depending on the cell type, hyperlipidemia potentiates or depresses O-GlcNAc levels, sometimes biphasically, through a diversity of unique mechanisms that target UDP-GlcNAc synthesis and the availability, activity and substrate selectivity of the glycosylation enzymes, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). At the same time, OGT activity in multiple tissues has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of systemic lipid uptake, storage and release. Hyperlipidemic patterns of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells are consistent with both transient physiological adaptation and feedback uninhibited obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize the numerous interconnections between lipid and O-GlcNAc metabolism. These links provide insights into how the O-GlcNAc regulatory system may contribute to lipid-associated diseases including obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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15
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Homan EP, Brandão BB, Softic S, El Ouaamari A, O’Neill BT, Kulkarni RN, Kim JK, Kahn CR. Differential roles of FOXO transcription factors on insulin action in brown and white adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143328. [PMID: 34428182 PMCID: PMC8483763 DOI: 10.1172/jci143328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and IGF-1 are essential for adipocyte differentiation and function. Mice lacking insulin and IGF-1 receptors in fat (FIGIR-KO, fat-specific IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor-KO) exhibit complete loss of white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT), glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, and cold intolerance. To determine the role of FOXO transcription factors in the altered adipose phenotype, we generated FIGIR-KO mice with fat-specific KO of fat-expressed Foxos [Foxo1, Foxo3, Foxo4] (F-Quint-KO). Unlike FIGIR-KO mice, F-Quint-KO mice had normal BAT, glucose tolerance, insulin-regulated hepatic glucose production, and cold tolerance. However, loss of FOXOs only partially rescued subcutaneous WAT and hepatosteatosis, did not rescue perigonadal WAT or systemic insulin resistance, and led to even more marked hyperinsulinemia. Thus, FOXOs play different roles in insulin/IGF-1 action in different adipose depots, being most important in BAT, followed by subcutaneous WAT and then by visceral WAT. Disruption of FOXOs in fat also led to a reversal of insulin resistance in liver, but not in skeletal muscle, and an exacerbation of hyperinsulinemia. Thus, adipose FOXOs play a unique role in regulating crosstalk between adipose depots, liver, and β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Homan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruna B. Brandão
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine and
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Yang Z, Roth K, Agarwal M, Liu W, Petriello MC. The transcription factors CREBH, PPARa, and FOXO1 as critical hepatic mediators of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108633. [PMID: 33789150 PMCID: PMC8355060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a critical mediator of lipid and/or glucose homeostasis and is a primary organ involved in dynamic changes during feeding and fasting. Additionally, hepatic-centric pathways are prone to dysregulation during pathophysiological states including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Omics platforms and GWAS have elucidated genes related to increased risk of developing MetS and related disorders, but mutations in these metabolism-related genes are rare and cannot fully explain the increasing prevalence of MetS-related pathologies worldwide. Complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition jointly determine inter-individual variability of disease risk. Given the complexity of these interactions, researchers have focused on master regulators of metabolic responses incorporating and mediating the impact of multiple environmental cues. Transcription factors are DNA binding, terminal executors of signaling pathways that modulate the cellular responses to complex metabolic stimuli and are related to the control of hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Among numerous hepatic transcription factors involved in regulating metabolism, three emerge as key players in transducing nutrient sensing, which are dysregulated in MetS-related perturbations in both clinical and preclinical studies: cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3 Like 3 (CREB3L3), Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR), and Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1). Additionally, these three transcription factors appear to be amenable to dietary and/or nutrient-based therapies, being potential targets of nutritional therapy. In this review we aim to describe the activation, regulation, and impact of these transcription factors in the context of metabolic homeostasis. We also summarize their perspectives in MetS and nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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17
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Sissaoui S, Egginton S, Ting L, Ahmed A, Hewett PW. Hyperglycaemia up-regulates placental growth factor (PlGF) expression and secretion in endothelial cells via suppression of PI3 kinase-Akt signalling and activation of FOXO1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16344. [PMID: 34381074 PMCID: PMC8357836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a pro-inflammatory angiogenic mediator that promotes many pathologies including diabetic complications and atherosclerosis. Widespread endothelial dysfunction precedes the onset of these conditions. As very little is known of the mechanism(s) controlling PlGF expression in pathology we investigated the role of hyperglycaemia in the regulation of PlGF production in endothelial cells. Hyperglycaemia stimulated PlGF secretion in cultured primary endothelial cells, which was suppressed by IGF-1-mediated PI3K/Akt activation. Inhibition of PI3K activity resulted in significant PlGF mRNA up-regulation and protein secretion. Similarly, loss or inhibition of Akt activity significantly increased basal PlGF expression and prevented any further PlGF secretion in hyperglycaemia. Conversely, constitutive Akt activation blocked PlGF secretion irrespective of upstream PI3K activity demonstrating that Akt is a central regulator of PlGF expression. Knock-down of the Forkhead box O-1 (FOXO1) transcription factor, which is negatively regulated by Akt, suppressed both basal and hyperglycaemia-induced PlGF secretion, whilst FOXO1 gain-of-function up-regulated PlGF in vitro and in vivo. FOXO1 association to a FOXO binding sequence identified in the PlGF promoter also increased in hyperglycaemia. This study identifies the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 signalling axis as a key regulator of PlGF expression and unifying pathway by which PlGF may contribute to common disorders characterised by endothelial dysfunction, providing a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Sissaoui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Arima Genomics, 6404 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Stuart Egginton
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ling Ting
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asif Ahmed
- MyrZyme Therapeutics Ltd, Faraday Wharf, Innovation Birmingham Campus, Holt Street, Birmingham, B4 4BB, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter W Hewett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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18
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Komleva Y, Chernykh A, Lopatina O, Gorina Y, Lokteva I, Salmina A, Gollasch M. Inflamm-Aging and Brain Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Role of Life-style Strategies on Cognitive and Social Determinants in Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:618395. [PMID: 33519369 PMCID: PMC7841337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.618395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the human life span has dramatically increased, and therefore, a steady increase in diseases associated with age (such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) is expected. In these neurodegenerative diseases, there is a cognitive decline and memory loss, which accompany increased systemic inflammation, the inflamm-aging, and the insulin resistance. Despite numerous studies of age-related pathologies, data on the contribution of brain insulin resistance and innate immunity components to aging are insufficient. Recently, much research has been focused on the consequences of nutrients and adiposity- and nutrient-related signals in brain aging and cognitive decline. Moreover, given the role of metainflammation in neurodegeneration, lifestyle interventions such as calorie restriction may be an effective way to break the vicious cycle of metainflammation and have a role in social behavior. The various effects of calorie restriction on metainflammation, insulin resistance, and neurodegeneration have been described. Less attention has been paid to the social determinants of aging and the possible mechanism by which calorie restriction might influence social behavior. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge in the interdisciplinary field of geroscience-immunosenescence, inflamm-aging, and metainflammation-which makes a significant contribution to aging. A substantial part of the review is devoted to frontiers in the brain insulin resistance in relation to neuroinflammation. In addition, we summarize new data on potential mechanisms of calorie restriction that influence as a lifestyle intervention on the social brain. This knowledge can be used to initiate successful aging and slow the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Komleva
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly Chernykh
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yana Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Irina Lokteva
- Medical Center “Private Practice”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla Salmina
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Greifswald Medical School, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Wolgast Hospital, Wolgast, Germany
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19
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Lee J, Oh AR, Lee HY, Moon YA, Lee HJ, Cha JY. Deletion of KLF10 Leads to Stress-Induced Liver Fibrosis upon High Sucrose Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010331. [PMID: 33396939 PMCID: PMC7794950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver injury associated with chronic viral infection, alcohol abuse, and nonalcoholic fatty liver. The evidence from clinical and animal studies indicates that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is associated with the development of liver fibrosis. Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is a transcription factor that plays a significant role in TGF-β-mediated cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. In recent studies, it has been reported to be associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. In the present study, we investigated the role of KLF10 in the progression of liver disease upon a high-sucrose diet (HSD) in mice. Wild type (WT) and Klf10 knockout (KO) mice were fed either a control chow diet or HSD (50% sucrose) for eight weeks. Klf10 KO mice exhibited significant hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and liver injury upon HSD feeding, whereas the WT mice exhibited mild hepatic steatosis with no apparent liver injury. The livers of HSD-fed Klf10 KO mice demonstrated significantly increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokines. Klf10 deletion led to the development of sucrose-induced hepatocyte cell death both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, it significantly increased fibrogenic gene expression and collagen accumulation in the liver. Increased liver fibrosis was accompanied by increased phosphorylation and nuclear localization of Smad3. Here, we demonstrate that HSD-fed mice develop a severe liver injury in the absence of KLF10 due to the hyperactivation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and CCAAT/enhance-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes. The current study suggests that KLF10 plays a protective role against the progression of hepatic steatosis into liver fibrosis in a lipogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.L.); (A.-R.O.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.L.); (A.-R.O.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hui-Young Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.L.); (A.-R.O.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.L.); (A.-R.O.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6054 (H.-J.L.); +82-32-899-6070 (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea; (J.L.); (A.-R.O.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.L.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6054 (H.-J.L.); +82-32-899-6070 (J.-Y.C.)
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20
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Abstract
The current paradigm of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is gluco-centric, being exclusively categorized by glycemic characteristics. The gluco-centric paradigm views hyperglycemia as the primary target, being driven by resistance to insulin combined with progressive beta cells failure, and considers glycemic control its ultimate treatment goal. Most importantly, the gluco-centric paradigm considers the non-glycemic diseases associated with T2D, e.g., obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, macrovascular disease, microvascular disease and fatty liver as 'risk factors' and/or 'outcomes' and/or 'comorbidities', rather than primary inherent disease aspects of T2D. That is in spite of their high prevalence (60-90%) and major role in profiling T2D morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the gluco-centric paradigm fails to realize that the non-glycemic diseases of T2D are driven by insulin and, except for glycemic control, response to insulin in T2D is essentially the rule rather than the exception. Failure of the gluco-centric paradigm to offer an exhaustive unifying view of the glycemic and non-glycemic diseases of T2D may have contributed to T2D being still an unmet need. An mTORC1-centric paradigm maintains that hyperactive mTORC1 drives the glycemic and non-glycemic disease aspects of T2D. Hyperactive mTORC1 is proposed to act as double-edged agent, namely, to interfere with glycemic control by disrupting the insulin receptor-Akt transduction pathway, while concomitantly driving the non-glycemic diseases of T2D. The mTORC1-centric paradigm may offer a novel perspective for T2D in terms of pathogenesis, clinical focus and treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bar-Tana
- Hebrew University Medical School, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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21
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Wilson JM, Nikooienejad A, Robins DA, Roell WC, Riesmeyer JS, Haupt A, Duffin KL, Taskinen M, Ruotolo G. The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, tirzepatide, improves lipoprotein biomarkers associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:2451-2459. [PMID: 33462955 PMCID: PMC7756479 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To better understand the marked decrease in serum triglycerides observed with tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes, additional lipoprotein-related biomarkers were measured post hoc in available samples from the same study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomized to receive once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide (1, 5, 10 or 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg) or placebo. Serum lipoprotein profile, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, B and C-III and preheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were measured at baseline and at 4, 12 and 26 weeks. Lipoprotein particle profile by nuclear magnetic resonance was assessed at baseline and 26 weeks. The lipoprotein insulin resistance (LPIR) score was calculated. RESULTS At 26 weeks, tirzepatide dose-dependently decreased apoB and apoC-III levels, and increased serum preheparin LPL compared with placebo. Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg decreased large triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRLP), small low-density lipoprotein particles (LDLP) and LPIR score compared with both placebo and dulaglutide. Treatment with dulaglutide also reduced apoB and apoC-III levels but had no effect on either serum LPL or large TRLP, small LDLP and LPIR score. The number of total LDLP was also decreased with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with placebo. A greater reduction in apoC-III with tirzepatide was observed in patients with high compared with normal baseline triglycerides. At 26 weeks, change in apoC-III, but not body weight, was the best predictor of changes in triglycerides with tirzepatide, explaining up to 22.9% of their variability. CONCLUSIONS Tirzepatide treatment dose-dependently decreased levels of apoC-III and apoB and the number of large TRLP and small LDLP, suggesting a net improvement in atherogenic lipoprotein profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Axel Haupt
- Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Marja‐Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine UnitDiabetes and Obesity, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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22
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Kim DH, Kim BM, Chung KW, Choi YJ, Yu BP, Chung HY. Interaction between CHOP and FoxO6 promotes hepatic lipid accumulation. Liver Int 2020; 40:2706-2718. [PMID: 32639626 PMCID: PMC7689817 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the major causes of hepatic insulin resistance through increasing de novo lipogenesis. Forkhead box O6 (FoxO6) is a transcription factor mediating insulin signalling to glucose and lipid metabolism, therefore, dysregulated FoxO6 is involved in hepatic insulin resistance. In this study, we elucidated the role of FoxO6 in ER stress-induced hepatic lipogenesis. METHODS Hepatic ER stress responses and lipogenesis were monitored in mice overexpressed with constitutively active FoxO6 allele and FoxO6-null mice. In the in vitro study, HepG2 cells overexpressing constitutively active FoxO6 were treated with palmitate, and then alterations in ER stress and lipid metabolism were measured. RESULTS FoxO6 activation induced hepatic lipogenesis and the expression of ER stress-inducible genes. The expression and transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were significantly increased in constitutively active FoxO6 allele. Interestingly, we found that the active FoxO6 physically interacted with C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), an ER stress-inducible transcription factor, which was responsible for PPARγ expression. Palmitate treatment caused the expression of ER stress-inducible genes, which was deteriorated by FoxO6 activation in HepG2 cells. Palmitate-induced ER stress led to PPARγ expression through interactions between CHOP and FoxO6 corresponding to findings in the in vivo study. On the other hand, the expression of PPARα and β-oxidation were decreased in constitutively active FoxO6 allele which implied that lipid catabolism is also regulated by FoxO6. CONCLUSION Our data present significant evidence demonstrating that CHOP and FoxO6 interact to induce hepatic lipid accumulation through PPARγ expression during ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea
| | - Byeong Moo Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea,Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKyungsung UniversityNam‐guBusanKorea
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical EngineeringDivision of Chemistry and BiotechnologyCollege of Science and TechnologyDongguk UniversityGyeongjuKorea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of PhysiologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea
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23
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Roger C, Buch C, Muller T, Leemput J, Demizieux L, Passilly-Degrace P, Cinar R, Iyer MR, Kunos G, Vergès B, Degrace P, Jourdan T. Simultaneous Inhibition of Peripheral CB1R and iNOS Mitigates Obesity-Related Dyslipidemia Through Distinct Mechanisms. Diabetes 2020; 69:2120-2132. [PMID: 32680936 PMCID: PMC7506827 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic dyslipidemia, characterized by increased plasma triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol levels, is a major factor contributing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Activation of the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) and activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression. Here, we tested whether dual-targeting inhibition of hepatic CB1R and iNOS improves diabetic dyslipidemia in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO mice). DIO mice were treated for 14 days with (S)-MRI-1867, a peripherally restricted hybrid inhibitor of CB1R and iNOS. (R)-MRI-1867, the CB1R-inactive stereoisomer that retains iNOS inhibitory activity, and JD-5037, a peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist, were used to assess the relative contribution of the two targets to the effects of (S)-MRI-1867. (S)-MRI-1867 reduced hepatic steatosis and the rate of hepatic VLDL secretion, upregulated hepatic LDLR expression, and reduced the circulating levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). The decrease in VLDL secretion could be attributed to CB1R blockade, while the reduction of PCSK9 levels and the related increase in LDLR resulted from iNOS inhibition via an mTOR complex 1-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, this approach based on the concomitant inhibition of CB1R and iNOS represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Roger
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Chloé Buch
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tania Muller
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Julia Leemput
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Demizieux
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Passilly-Degrace
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Degrace
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tony Jourdan
- INSERM Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR1231, Team PADYS, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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24
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Kim DH, Ha S, Choi YJ, Dong HH, Yu BP, Chung HY. Altered FoxO1 and PPARγ interaction in age-related ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4125-4144. [PMID: 31246177 PMCID: PMC6628996 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most powerful predictors of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), with heightened susceptibility to vascular intimal and medial calcification associated with a high cardiovascular mortality. Abnormal mineral metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) and underlying (dys)regulated hormonal control in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD) is often accompanied by bone loss and increased vascular calcification (VC). While VC is known to be a multifactorial process and a major risk factor for CVD, the view of primary triggers and molecular mechanisms complexity has been shifting with novel scientific knowledge over the last years. In this review we highlight the importance of calcium-phosphate (CaP) mineral crystals in VC with an integrated view over the complexity of CKD, while discuss past and recent literature aiming to highlight novel horizons on this major health burden. Exacerbated VC in CKD patients might result from several interconnected mechanisms involving abnormal mineral metabolism, dysregulation of endogenous calcification inhibitors and inflammatory pathways, which function in a feedback loop driving disease progression and cardiovascular outcomes. We propose that novel approaches targeting simultaneously VC and inflammation might represent valuable new prognostic tools and targets for therapeutics and management of cardiovascular risk in the CKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - H Henry Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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25
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K C S, Kakoty V, Marathe S, Chitkara D, Taliyan R. Exploring the Neuroprotective Potential of Rosiglitazone Embedded Nanocarrier System on Streptozotocin Induced Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:240-255. [PMID: 32683650 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder imposing great threat to an individual's cognitive capability. Mounting evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and AD is closely associated with impaired insulin signalling and glucose metabolism in the brain. Member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, especially PPARγ agonists, has been well known for their insulin-sensitizing actions, but due to low water solubility, poor penetration into the brain and associated toxicity limit their use clinically. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective potential of rosiglitazone embedded nanocarrier system on streptozotocin (STZ) induced mice model of AD. In vitro neuroprotective efficacy of rosiglitazone was determined on SH-SY5Y cells by assessing the messenger ribonulceic acid (mRNA) expression level of genes implicated for cognitive function. AD in mice was developed by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of STZ (3 mg/kg) directly into the lateral ventricles of the mice brain. The cognitive parameters and mRNA expression levels were evaluated after treatment with the free form of rosiglitazone as well as its nano-formulated form. It was observed that rosiglitazone elicits neuroprotection on SH-SY5Y cells as evidenced from the upregulation of genes such as cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), which are involved in cognitive functions. Further, the nano-formulated rosiglitazone induced better neuroprotective efficacy than its free drug treatment on animal model of AD as evidenced by attenuating the behavioural and cognitive abnormalities, oxido-nitrosative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6a) along with improved antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholine, neuronal density and expression of CREB, BDNF, GDNF and NGF in the hippocampal region. Based on the results, it can be concluded that rosiglitazone nanoformulation exerts strong neuroprotection via increasing the mRNA expression of growth factors and inhibition of oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation eventually prevents neuronal injury in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathlal K C
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Violina Kakoty
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sandhya Marathe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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26
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Alzamil NM, Dawood AF, Hewett PW, Bin-Jaliah I, Assiri AS, Abdel Kader DH, Eid RA, Haidara MA, Al-Ani B. Suppression of type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced aortic ultrastructural alterations in rats by insulin: an association of vascular injury biomarkers. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:316-323. [PMID: 32536288 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1780362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents a major public health problem and an estimated 70% of people with diabetes die of cardiovascular complications. The protective effect of insulin treatment against ultrastructural damage to the tunica intima and tunica media of the aorta induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been investigated before using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Therefore, we induced T2DM in rats using high fat diet and streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and administered insulin daily by i.v injection for 8 weeks to the treatment group. Whereas, the T2DM control group were left untreated for the duration of the experiment. A comparison was also made between the effect of insulin on aortic tissue and the blood level of biomarkers of vascular injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. T2DM induced profound ultrastructural damage to the aortic endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells, which were substantially protected with insulin. Furthermore, insulin returned blood sugar to a control level and significantly (p < .05) inhibited diabetic up-regulation of endothelial and leukocyte intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), endothelial cell adhesion molecules, P-selectin and E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, insulin augmented the blood level of the anti-oxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). We conclude that in a rat model of T2DM, insulin treatment substantially reduces aortic injury secondary to T2DM for a period of 8 weeks, possibly due to the inhibition of hyperglycemia, vascular activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah M Alzamil
- Department of Clinical Science, Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter W Hewett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Assiri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina H Abdel Kader
- Department of Medical Histology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Zhang Y, He H, Zeng YP, Yang LD, Jia D, An ZM, Jia WG. Lipoprotein A, combined with alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, contributes to predicting the occurrence of NASH: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:134. [PMID: 32527258 PMCID: PMC7288690 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progresses from simple nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and has a poor prognosis. Abnormal lipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to study the relationships between serum lipid metabolites and NASH, and to improve the early diagnosis of NASH. Methods This study included 86 NAFLD patients (23 NASH and 63 NAFL), and 81 unaffected individuals as controls from West China Hospital between October 2018 and May 2019. With lipid metabolites as the focus of the study, the differences in lipid metabolites were compared between the control group, NAFL patients, and NASH patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors of NASH. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to analyze the efficacy of the metabolites in NASH prediction. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipoprotein A (LPA) increased with the severity of NAFLD. In NAFLD patients, LPA (OR:1.61; 95%CI: 1.03–2.52) was a potential risk factor for NASH, and ROC analysis showed that the combination of LPA, ALT, and AST had a greater predictive efficiency for NASH. Conclusions Abnormal apolipoprotein/lipoprotein is closely related to lipid metabolism disorder in patients with NAFLD. In NAFL, the combination of LPA, ALT, and AST contributes to predicting the occurrence of NASH. LPA may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for diagnosing and treating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Dan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Jia
- Outpatient department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen-Mei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Jia
- Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
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28
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Feng X, Zhu C, Lee S, Gao J, Zhu P, Yamauchi J, Pan C, Singh S, Qu S, Miller R, Monga SP, Peng Y, Dong HH. Depletion of hepatic forkhead box O1 does not affect cholelithiasis in male and female mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7003-7017. [PMID: 32273342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is one of the most prevalent gastroenterological diseases and is characterized by the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder. Both clinical and preclinical data indicate that obesity, along with comorbidity insulin resistance, is a predisposing factor for cholelithiasis. Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a key transcription factor that integrates insulin signaling with hepatic metabolism and becomes deregulated in the insulin-resistant liver, contributing to dyslipidemia in obesity. To gain mechanistic insights into how insulin resistance is linked to cholelithiasis, here we determined FoxO1's role in bile acid homeostasis and its contribution to cholelithiasis. We hypothesized that hepatic FoxO1 deregulation links insulin resistance to impaired bile acid metabolism and cholelithiasis. To address this hypothesis, we used the FoxO1LoxP/LoxP-Albumin-Cre system to generate liver-specific FoxO1-knockout mice. FoxO1-knockout mice and age- and sex-matched WT littermates were fed a lithogenic diet, and bile acid metabolism and gallstone formation were assessed in these animals. We showed that FoxO1 affected bile acid homeostasis by regulating hepatic expression of key enzymes in bile acid synthesis and in biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion. Furthermore, FoxO1 inhibited hepatic expression of the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor and thereby counteracted hepatic farnesoid X receptor signaling. Nonetheless, hepatic FoxO1 depletion neither affected the onset of gallstone disease nor impacted the disease progression, as FoxO1-knockout and control mice of both sexes had similar gallstone weights and incidence rates. These results argue against the notion that FoxO1 is a link between insulin resistance and cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Feng
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Cuiling Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Sojin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Jingyang Gao
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Jun Yamauchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Chenglin Pan
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Sucha Singh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rita Miller
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - H Henry Dong
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224 .,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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The Foxo1-Inducible Transcriptional Repressor Zfp125 Causes Hepatic Steatosis and Hypercholesterolemia. Cell Rep 2019; 22:523-534. [PMID: 29320745 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-specific disruption of the type 2 deiodinase gene (Alb-D2KO) results in resistance to both diet-induced obesity and liver steatosis in mice. Here, we report that this is explained by an ∼60% reduction in liver zinc-finger protein-125 (Zfp125) expression. Zfp125 is a Foxo1-inducible transcriptional repressor that causes lipid accumulation in the AML12 mouse hepatic cell line and liver steatosis in mice by reducing liver secretion of triglycerides and hepatocyte efflux of cholesterol. Zfp125 acts by repressing 18 genes involved in lipoprotein structure, lipid binding, and transport. The ApoE promoter contains a functional Zfp125-binding element that is also present in 17 other lipid-related genes repressed by Zfp125. While liver-specific knockdown of Zfp125 causes an "Alb-D2KO-like" metabolic phenotype, liver-specific normalization of Zfp125 expression in Alb-D2KO mice rescues the phenotype, restoring normal susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, liver steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia.
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Hackl MT, Fürnsinn C, Schuh CM, Krssak M, Carli F, Guerra S, Freudenthaler A, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Helbich TH, Luger A, Zeyda M, Gastaldelli A, Buettner C, Scherer T. Brain leptin reduces liver lipids by increasing hepatic triglyceride secretion and lowering lipogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2717. [PMID: 31222048 PMCID: PMC6586634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis develops when lipid influx and production exceed the liver’s ability to utilize/export triglycerides. Obesity promotes steatosis and is characterized by leptin resistance. A role of leptin in hepatic lipid handling is highlighted by the observation that recombinant leptin reverses steatosis of hypoleptinemic patients with lipodystrophy by an unknown mechanism. Since leptin mainly functions via CNS signaling, we here examine in rats whether leptin regulates hepatic lipid flux via the brain in a series of stereotaxic infusion experiments. We demonstrate that brain leptin protects from steatosis by promoting hepatic triglyceride export and decreasing de novo lipogenesis independently of caloric intake. Leptin’s anti-steatotic effects are generated in the dorsal vagal complex, require hepatic vagal innervation, and are preserved in high-fat-diet-fed rats when the blood brain barrier is bypassed. Thus, CNS leptin protects from ectopic lipid accumulation via a brain-vagus-liver axis and may be a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate obesity-related steatosis. Obesity is associated with leptin resistance and rising blood leptin levels while central leptin exposure may be limited. Here, the authors show that brain leptin infusion reduces hepatic lipid content in rats by increasing hepatic VLDL secretion and lowering liver de novo lipogenesis via a vagal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Theresa Hackl
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Fürnsinn
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Maria Schuh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krssak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, MOLIMA, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Guerra
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelika Freudenthaler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Luger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (DOMI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Charidemou E, Ashmore T, Li X, McNally BD, West JA, Liggi S, Harvey M, Orford E, Griffin JL. A randomized 3-way crossover study indicates that high-protein feeding induces de novo lipogenesis in healthy humans. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124819. [PMID: 31145699 PMCID: PMC6629161 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary changes have led to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A hallmark of both disorders is hepatic lipid accumulation, derived in part from increased de novo lipogenesis. Despite the popularity of high-protein diets for weight loss, the effect of dietary protein on de novo lipogenesis is poorly studied. We aimed to characterize the effect of dietary protein on de novo lipid synthesis. METHODS We use a 3-way crossover interventional study in healthy males to determine the effect of high-protein feeding on de novo lipogenesis, combined with in vitro models to determine the lipogenic effects of specific amino acids. The primary outcome was a change in de novo lipogenesis–associated triglycerides in response to protein feeding. RESULTS We demonstrate that high-protein feeding, rich in glutamate, increases de novo lipogenesis–associated triglycerides in plasma (1.5-fold compared with control; P < 0.0001) and liver-derived very low-density lipoprotein particles (1.8-fold; P < 0.0001) in samples from human subjects (n = 9 per group). In hepatocytes, we show that glutamate-derived carbon is incorporated into triglycerides via palmitate. In addition, supplementation with glutamate, glutamine, and leucine, but not lysine, increased triglyceride synthesis and decreased glucose uptake. Glutamate, glutamine, and leucine increased activation of protein kinase B, suggesting that induction of de novo lipogenesis occurs via the insulin signaling cascade. CONCLUSION These findings provide mechanistic insight into how select amino acids induce de novo lipogenesis and insulin resistance, suggesting that high-protein feeding to tackle diabetes and obesity requires greater consideration. FUNDING The research was supported by UK Medical Research Council grants MR/P011705/1, MC_UP_A090_1006 and MR/P01836X/1. JLG is supported by the Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). A subset of amino acids may induce de novo lipogenesis in humans, suggesting that use of high-protein diets to tackle diabetes requires greater consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Charidemou
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Ashmore
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben D McNally
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James A West
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Liggi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Harvey
- Medical Research Council - Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Orford
- Medical Research Council - Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Computational and Systems Medicine, Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Repression of Transcriptional Activity of Forkhead Box O1 by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113539. [PMID: 30424007 PMCID: PMC6274985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease manifested by hyperglycemia. It is essential to effectively control hyperglycemia to prevent complications of T2DM. Here, we hypothesize that repression of transcriptional activity of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) via histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) ameliorates hyperglycemia in T2DM rats. Methods: Male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats aged 14 weeks were administered sodium valproate (VPA, 0.71% w/v) dissolved in water for 20 weeks. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase assay were performed for elucidation of transcriptional regulation through acetylation of FoxO1 by HDACi. Results: VPA attenuated blood glucose levels in accordance with a decrease in the expression of gluconeogenic genes in hyperglycemic OLETF rats. It has been shown that HDAC class I-specific and HDAC class IIa-specific inhibitors, as well as pan-HDAC inhibitors decrease FoxO1 enrichment at the cis-element of target gene promoters. Mutations in FoxO1 prevent its acetylation, thereby increasing its transcriptional activity. HDAC3 and HDAC4 interact with FoxO1, and knockdown of HDAC3, HDAC4, or their combination increases FoxO1 acetylation, thereby decreasing the expression of gluconeogenic genes. Conclusions: These results indicate that HDACi attenuates the transcriptional activity of FoxO1 by impeding deacetylation, thereby ameliorating hyperglycemia in T2DM rats.
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Cross-talk among HMGA1 and FoxO1 in control of nuclear insulin signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8540. [PMID: 29867121 PMCID: PMC5986867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a mediator of insulin-regulated gene expression, the FoxO1 transcription factor represents a master regulator of liver glucose metabolism. We previously reported that the high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, a molecular switch for the insulin receptor gene, functions also as a downstream target of the insulin receptor signaling pathway, representing a critical nuclear mediator of insulin function. Here, we investigated whether a functional relationship existed between FoxO1 and HMGA1, which might help explain insulin-mediated gene transcription in the liver. To this end, as a model study, we investigated the canonical FoxO1-HMGA1-responsive IGFBP1 gene, whose hepatic expression is regulated by insulin. By using a conventional GST-pull down assay combined with co-immunoprecipitation and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analyses, we provide evidence of a physical interaction between FoxO1 and HMGA1. Further investigation with chromatin immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technology indicated a functional significance of this interaction, in both basal and insulin-stimulated states, providing evidence that, by modulating FoxO1 transactivation, HMGA1 is essential for FoxO1-induced IGFBP1 gene expression, and thereby a critical modulator of insulin-mediated FoxO1 regulation in the liver. Collectively, our findings highlight a novel FoxO1/HMGA1-mediated mechanism by which insulin may regulate gene expression and metabolism.
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34
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Neth BJ, Craft S. Insulin Resistance and Alzheimer's Disease: Bioenergetic Linkages. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:345. [PMID: 29163128 PMCID: PMC5671587 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a well-established feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), evidenced by brain glucose hypometabolism that can be observed potentially decades prior to the development of AD symptoms. Furthermore, there is mounting support for an association between metabolic disease and the development of AD and related dementias. Individuals with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), hyperlipidemia, obesity, or other metabolic disease may have increased risk for the development of AD and similar conditions, such as vascular dementia. This association may in part be due to the systemic mitochondrial dysfunction that is common to these pathologies. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant feature of AD and may play a fundamental role in its pathogenesis. In fact, aging itself presents a unique challenge due to inherent mitochondrial dysfunction and prevalence of chronic metabolic disease. Despite the progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of AD and in the development of potential therapies, at present we remain without a disease-modifying treatment. In this review, we will discuss insulin resistance as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of AD, as well as the metabolic and bioenergetic disruptions linking insulin resistance and AD. We will also focus on potential neuroimaging tools for the study of the metabolic dysfunction commonly seen in AD with hopes of developing therapeutic and preventative targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Neth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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35
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Nagarajan S, Bedi U, Budida A, Hamdan FH, Mishra VK, Najafova Z, Xie W, Alawi M, Indenbirken D, Knapp S, Chiang CM, Grundhoff A, Kari V, Scheel CH, Wegwitz F, Johnsen SA. BRD4 promotes p63 and GRHL3 expression downstream of FOXO in mammary epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:3130-3145. [PMID: 27980063 PMCID: PMC5389510 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a member of the bromo- and extraterminal (BET) domain-containing family of epigenetic readers which is under intensive investigation as a target for anti-tumor therapy. BRD4 plays a central role in promoting the expression of select subsets of genes including many driven by oncogenic transcription factors and signaling pathways. However, the role of BRD4 and the effects of BET inhibitors in non-transformed cells remain mostly unclear. We demonstrate that BRD4 is required for the maintenance of a basal epithelial phenotype by regulating the expression of epithelial-specific genes including TP63 and Grainy Head-like transcription factor-3 (GRHL3) in non-transformed basal-like mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, BRD4 occupancy correlates with enhancer activity and enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription. Motif analyses of cell context-specific BRD4-enriched regions predicted the involvement of FOXO transcription factors. Consistently, activation of FOXO1 function via inhibition of EGFR-AKT signaling promoted the expression of TP63 and GRHL3. Moreover, activation of Src kinase signaling and FOXO1 inhibition decreased the expression of FOXO/BRD4 target genes. Together, our findings support a function for BRD4 in promoting basal mammary cell epithelial differentiation, at least in part, by regulating FOXO factor function on enhancers to activate TP63 and GRHL3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankari Nagarajan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Upasana Bedi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anusha Budida
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vivek Kumar Mishra
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wanhua Xie
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt 60323, Germany
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Kari
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina H Scheel
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environmental Research Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Liu M, Chung S, Shelness GS, Parks JS. Hepatic ABCA1 deficiency is associated with delayed apolipoprotein B secretory trafficking and augmented VLDL triglyceride secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1035-1043. [PMID: 28694219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that facilitates nascent HDL formation. Tangier disease subjects with complete ABCA1 deficiency have <5% of normal levels of plasma HDL, elevated triglycerides (TGs), and defective vesicular trafficking in fibroblasts and macrophages. Hepatocyte-specific ABCA1 knockout mice (HSKO) have a similar lipid phenotype with 20% of normal plasma HDL levels and a two-fold elevation of plasma TGs due to hepatic overproduction of large, triglyceride-enriched VLDL. We hypothesized that enhanced VLDL TG secretion in the absence of hepatocyte ABCA1 is due to altered intracellular trafficking of apolipoprotein B (apoB), resulting in augmented TG addition to nascent VLDL. We found that trafficking of newly synthesized apoB through the secretory pathway was delayed in ABCA1-silenced rat hepatoma cells and HSKO primary hepatocytes, relative to controls. Endoglycosidase H treatment of cellular apoB revealed a likely delay in apoB trafficking in post-ER compartments. The reduced rate of protein trafficking was also observed for an adenoviral-expressed GPI-linked fluorescent fusion protein, but not albumin, suggesting a selective delay of secretory cargoes in the absence of hepatocyte ABCA1. Our results suggest an important role for hepatic ABCA1 in regulating secretory trafficking and modulating VLDL expansion during the TG accretion phase of hepatic lipoprotein particle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory S Shelness
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Sliwinska A, Kasinska MA, Drzewoski J. MicroRNAs and metabolic disorders - where are we heading? Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:885-896. [PMID: 28721157 PMCID: PMC5507111 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are short, non-coding molecules engaged in normal functioning of eukaryotic cells, as negative regulators of gene expression. Since the first discovery of miRNA in the early 1990s, hundreds of different miRNAs and their targets have been identified. A growing number of studies have aimed to search for microRNAs which have a key role in the regulation of insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that dysregulation of miRNA expression is involved in the development of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the biogenesis of miRNAs and their role in pancreatic β cell biology, insulin signaling and metabolism. We also discuss recent findings of miRNAs associated with metabolic disorders and vascular diabetic complications, their diagnosis and therapeutic value. The PubMed database and published reference lists were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2016 using the following keywords: miRNA, miRNA and pancreas; miRNA and insulin; miRNA and type 2 diabetes mellitus, miRNA and obesity, and miRNA and microvascular or macrovascular diabetic complication. This review indicates that miRNA functioning is significantly different in metabolic diseases than in the normal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta A Kasinska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jozef Drzewoski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Lee S, Dong HH. FoxO integration of insulin signaling with glucose and lipid metabolism. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R67-R79. [PMID: 28213398 PMCID: PMC5480241 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box O family consists of FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins in mammals. Expressed ubiquitously in the body, the four FoxO isoforms share in common the amino DNA-binding domain, known as 'forkhead box' domain. They mediate the inhibitory action of insulin or insulin-like growth factor on key functions involved in cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, oxidative stress, senescence, autophagy and aging. Genetic mutations in FoxO genes or abnormal expression of FoxO proteins are associated with metabolic disease, cancer or altered lifespan in humans and animals. Of the FoxO family, FoxO6 is the least characterized member and is shown to play pivotal roles in the liver, skeletal muscle and brain. Altered FoxO6 expression is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, dietary obesity and type 2 diabetes and risk of neurodegeneration disease. FoxO6 is evolutionally divergent from other FoxO isoforms. FoxO6 mediates insulin action on target genes in a mechanism that is fundamentally different from other FoxO members. Here, we focus our review on the role of FoxO6, in contrast with other FoxO isoforms, in health and disease. We review the distinctive mechanism by which FoxO6 integrates insulin signaling to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the importance of FoxO6 dysregulation in the dual pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes. We review the role of FoxO6 in memory consolidation and its contribution to neurodegeneration disease and aging. We discuss the potential therapeutic option of pharmacological FoxO6 inhibition for improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Henry Dong
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tsuchiya K, Ogawa Y. Forkhead box class O family member proteins: The biology and pathophysiological roles in diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 8:726-734. [PMID: 28267275 PMCID: PMC5668485 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) of transcription factors are essential regulators of cellular homeostasis, including glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and redox signaling, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Altered FoxO1 expression and activity have been associated with glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and complications of diabetes. In the liver, they direct carbons to glucose or lipid utilization, thus providing a unifying mechanism for the two abnormalities of the diabetic liver: excessive glucose production, and increased lipid synthesis and secretion. In the pancreas, FoxO1 is necessary to maintain β-cell differentiation, and could be promising targets for β-cell regeneration. In endothelial cells, FoxOs strongly promote atherosclerosis through suppressing nitric oxide production and enhancing inflammatory responses. In the present review, we summarize the basic biology and pathophysiological significance of FoxOs in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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FOXO transcription factors protect against the diet-induced fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44597. [PMID: 28300161 PMCID: PMC5353679 DOI: 10.1038/srep44597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead O transcription factors (FOXOs) have been implicated in glucose and lipid homeostasis; however, the role of FOXOs in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well understood. In this study, we designed experiments to examine the effects of two different diets-very high fat diet (HFD) and moderately high fat plus cholesterol diet (HFC)-on wildtype (WT) and liver-specific Foxo1/3/4 triple knockout mice (LTKO). Both diets induced severe hepatic steatosis in the LTKO mice as compared to WT controls. However, the HFC diet led to more severe liver injury and fibrosis compared to the HFD diet. At the molecular levels, hepatic Foxo1/3/4 deficiency triggered a significant increase in the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes including Emr1, Ccl2, Col1a1, Tgfb, Pdgfrb, and Timp1. Thus, our data suggest that FOXO transcription factors play a salutary role in the protection against the diet-induced fatty liver disease.
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Metrakos P, Nilsson T. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease--a chronic disease of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. J Biomed Res 2017; 32:327-335. [PMID: 28550272 PMCID: PMC6163117 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a spectrum of metabolic states ranging from simple steatosis to inflammation with associated fibrosis to cirrhosis. Though accumulation of hepatic fat is not associated with a significant increase in mortality rates, hepatic inflammation is, as this augments the risk of terminal liver disease, i.e., cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation (liver failure) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Disease progression is usually slow, over a decade or more and, for the most part, remains asymptomatic. Recent estimates suggest that the global prevalence of NAFLD is high, about one in four. In most cases, NAFLD overlaps with overweight, obesity, cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome with numerous contributing parameters including a dysregulation of adipose tissue, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, changes in the gut microbiome, neuronal and hormonal dysregulation and metabolic stress. NAFLD is diagnosed incidentally, despite its high prevalence. Non-invasive imaging techniques have emerged, making it possible to determine degree of steatosis as well asfibrosis. Despite this, the benefit of routine diagnostics remains uncertain. A better understanding of the (molecular) pathogenesis of NAFLD is needed combined with long-term studies where benefits of treatment can be assessed to determine cost-benefit ratios. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and possible areas of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Metrakos
- Cancer Research Program, Block-E, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tommy Nilsson
- Cancer Research Program, Block-E, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Cheng X, Yamauchi J, Lee S, Zhang T, Gong Z, Muzumdar R, Qu S, Dong HH. APOC3 Protein Is Not a Predisposing Factor for Fat-induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3692-3705. [PMID: 28115523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.765917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive fat accumulation in liver, is prevalent in obesity. Genetic factors that link obesity to NAFLD remain obscure. Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is a lipid-binding protein with a pivotal role in triglyceride metabolism. Humans with APOC3 gain-of-function mutations and mice with APOC3 overproduction are associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Nonetheless, it remains controversial whether APOC3 is culpable for diet-induced NAFLD. To address this fundamental issue, we fed APOC3-transgenic and wild-type littermates a high fructose diet or high fat diet, followed by determination of the effect of APOC3 on hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation and the progression of NAFLD. To gain mechanistic insight into NAFLD, we determined the impact of APOC3 on hepatic triglyceride synthesis and secretion versus fatty acid oxidation. APOC3-transgenic mice were hypertriglyceridemic, culminating in marked elevation of triglycerides, cholesterols, and non-esterified fatty acids in plasma. Despite the prevailing hypertriglyceridemia, APOC3-transgenic mice, relative to wild-type littermates, had similar weight gain and hepatic lipid content without alterations in hepatic expression of key genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and secretion and fatty acid oxidation. APOC3-transgenic and wild-type mice had similar Kupffer cell content without alterations in hepatic expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. APOC3 neither exacerbated diet-induced adiposity nor aggravated the degree of steatosis in high fructose or high fat-fed APOC3-transgenic mice. These effects ensued independently of weight gain even after 10-month high fat feeding. We concluded that APOC3, whose dysregulation is liable for hypertriglyceridemia, is not a predisposing factor for linking overnutrition to NAFLD in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Cheng
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China and.,the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Jun Yamauchi
- the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sojin Lee
- the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Ting Zhang
- the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Shen Qu
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China and
| | - H Henry Dong
- the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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43
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Kim DH, Lee B, Kim MJ, Park MH, An HJ, Lee EK, Chung KW, Park JW, Yu BP, Choi JS, Chung HY. Molecular Mechanism of Betaine on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: Inhibition of Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) Binding to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6819-6825. [PMID: 27546313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Betaine is a major water-soluble component of Lycium chinensis. Although there are reports about the protective effects of betaine on hepatic steatosis, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used db/db mice and HepG2 cells to examine the mechanism underlying betaine-mediated protection against hepatic steatosis. Here, we showed increased hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice, which is associated with increased activation of lipogenic transcription factors including forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), whereas betaine administration by oral gavage reversed these characteristics. We investigated whether betaine ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting FoxO1/PPARγ signaling in HepG2 cells. Although adenovirus-mediated FoxO1 overexpression notably increased mRNA expression levels of PPARγ and its target genes including FAS and ACC, betaine treatment reversed them. Furthermore, betaine inhibited FoxO1 binding to the PPARγ promoter and PPARγ transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells, which was previously shown to induce hepatic steatosis. We concluded that betaine ameliorates hepatic steatosis, at least in part, by inhibiting the FoxO1 binding to PPARγ and their downstream lipogenic signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin An
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - June Whoun Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Scherer T, Lindtner C, O'Hare J, Hackl M, Zielinski E, Freudenthaler A, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Tödter K, Heeren J, Krššák M, Scheja L, Fürnsinn C, Buettner C. Insulin Regulates Hepatic Triglyceride Secretion and Lipid Content via Signaling in the Brain. Diabetes 2016; 65:1511-20. [PMID: 26861781 PMCID: PMC4878422 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is common in obesity and insulin resistance and results from a net retention of lipids in the liver. A key mechanism to prevent steatosis is to increase secretion of triglycerides (TG) packaged as VLDLs. Insulin controls nutrient partitioning via signaling through its cognate receptor in peripheral target organs such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue and via signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) to orchestrate organ cross talk. While hepatic insulin signaling is known to suppress VLDL production from the liver, it is unknown whether brain insulin signaling independently regulates hepatic VLDL secretion. Here, we show that in conscious, unrestrained male Sprague Dawley rats the infusion of insulin into the third ventricle acutely increased hepatic TG secretion. Chronic infusion of insulin into the CNS via osmotic minipumps reduced the hepatic lipid content as assessed by noninvasive (1)H-MRS and lipid profiling independent of changes in hepatic de novo lipogenesis and food intake. In mice that lack the insulin receptor in the brain, hepatic TG secretion was reduced compared with wild-type littermate controls. These studies identify brain insulin as an important permissive factor in hepatic VLDL secretion that protects against hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scherer
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Lindtner
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James O'Hare
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Martina Hackl
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Zielinski
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Angelika Freudenthaler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Tödter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Fürnsinn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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45
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Liu YZ, Cheng X, Zhang T, Lee S, Yamauchi J, Xiao X, Gittes G, Qu S, Jiang CL, Dong HH. Effect of Hypertriglyceridemia on Beta Cell Mass and Function in ApoC3 Transgenic Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14695-705. [PMID: 27226540 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia results from increased production and decreased clearance of triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoproteins, a pathological condition that accounts for heightened risk of ischemic vascular diseases in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Despite its intimate association with insulin resistance, whether hypertriglyceridemia constitutes an independent risk for beta cell dysfunction in diabetes is unknown. Answering this fundamental question is stymied by the fact that hypertriglyceridemia is intertwined with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in obese and diabetic subjects. To circumvent this limitation, we took advantage of apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3)-transgenic mice, a model with genetic predisposition to hypertriglyceridemia. We showed that ApoC3-transgenic mice, as opposed to age/sex-matched wild-type littermates, develop hypertriglyceridemia with concomitant elevations in plasma cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid levels. Anti-insulin and anti-glucagon dual immunohistochemistry in combination with morphometric analysis revealed that ApoC3-transgenic and wild-type littermates had similar beta cell and alpha cell masses as well as islet size and architecture. These effects correlated with similar amplitudes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and similar degrees of postprandial glucose excursion in ApoC3-transgenic versus wild-type littermates. Oil Red O histology did not visualize lipid infiltration into islets, correlating with the lack of ectopic triglyceride and cholesterol depositions in the pancreata of ApoC3-transgenic versus wild-type littermates. ApoC3-transgenic mice, despite persistent hypertriglyceridemia, maintained euglycemia under both fed and fasting conditions without manifestation of insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia. Thus, hypertriglyceridemia per se is not an independent risk factor for beta cell dysfunction in ApoC3 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zi Liu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, and the Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, and
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, and
| | - Sojin Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, and
| | - Jun Yamauchi
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, and
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- the Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - George Gittes
- the Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Shen Qu
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- the Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, and
| | - H Henry Dong
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, and
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46
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Pauta M, Rotllan N, Fernández-Hernando A, Langhi C, Ribera J, Lu M, Boix L, Bruix J, Jimenez W, Suárez Y, Ford DA, Baldán A, Birnbaum MJ, Morales-Ruiz M, Fernández-Hernando C. Akt-mediated foxo1 inhibition is required for liver regeneration. Hepatology 2016; 63:1660-74. [PMID: 26473496 PMCID: PMC5177729 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Understanding the hepatic regenerative process has clinical interest as the effectiveness of many treatments for chronic liver diseases is conditioned by efficient liver regeneration. Experimental evidence points to the need for a temporal coordination between cytokines, growth factors, and metabolic signaling pathways to enable successful liver regeneration. One intracellular mediator that acts as a signal integration node for these processes is the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B (Akt). To investigate the contribution of Akt during hepatic regeneration, we performed partial hepatectomy in mice lacking Akt1, Akt2, or both isoforms. We found that absence of Akt1 or Akt2 does not influence liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. However, hepatic-specific Akt1 and Akt2 null mice show impaired liver regeneration and increased mortality. The major abnormal cellular events observed in total Akt-deficient livers were a marked reduction in cell proliferation, cell hypertrophy, glycogenesis, and lipid droplet formation. Most importantly, liver-specific deletion of FoxO1, a transcription factor regulated by Akt, rescued the hepatic regenerative capability in Akt1-deficient and Akt2-deficient mice and normalized the cellular events associated with liver regeneration. CONCLUSION The Akt-FoxO1 signaling pathway plays an essential role during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Pauta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ana Fernández-Hernando
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cedric Langhi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missuri, USA
| | - Jordi Ribera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mingjian Lu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Loreto Boix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missuri, USA
| | - Angel Baldán
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missuri, USA
| | - Morris J. Birnbaum
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding authors: Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St, Barcelona, 08036, Spain, Tel: 011-34-932275466; Fax: 011-34-932275697; ., Carlos Fernandez-Hernando, Ph.D., Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT06520, Tel: 2037374615; Fax: 2037372290;
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Corresponding authors: Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St, Barcelona, 08036, Spain, Tel: 011-34-932275466; Fax: 011-34-932275697; ., Carlos Fernandez-Hernando, Ph.D., Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT06520, Tel: 2037374615; Fax: 2037372290;
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47
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Sanches JR, França LM, Chagas VT, Gaspar RS, Dos Santos KA, Gonçalves LM, Sloboda DM, Holloway AC, Dutra RP, Carneiro EM, Cappelli APG, Paes AMDA. Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Leaf Dually Improves Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Islet Function in Monosodium L-Glutamate-Induced Obese Rats. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:48. [PMID: 27014062 PMCID: PMC4785152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) has been traditionally used to treat a number of illnesses. Ethnopharmacological studies have particularly addressed antidiabetic and metabolic-related effects of extracts prepared from its different parts, especially seed, and pulp-fruit, however. there is a lack of studies on phytochemical profile and biological properties of its leaf. As there is considerable interest in bioactive compounds to treat metabolic syndrome and its clustered risk factors, we sought to characterize the metabolic effects of hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini leaf (HESc) on lean and monosodium L-glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats. HPLC-MS/MS characterization of the HESc polyphenolic profile, at 254 nm, identified 15 compounds pertaining to hydrolysable tannin and flavanol subclasses. At 60 days of age, both groups were randomly assigned to receive HESc (500 mg/kg) or vehicle for 30 days. At the end of treatment, obese+HESc exhibited significantly lower body weight gain, body mass index, and white adipose tissue mass, compared to obese rats receiving vehicle. Obese rats treated with HESc showed a twofold increase in lipolytic activity in the periepididymal fat pad, as well as, brought triglyceride levels in serum, liver and skeletal muscle back to levels close those found in lean animals. Furthermore, HESc also improved hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in obese+HESc rats, which resulted in partial reversal of glucose intolerance, as compared to obese rats. HESc had no effect in lean rats. Assessment of ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion showed HESc potentiated pancreatic function in islets isolated from both lean and obese rats treated with HESc. In addition, HESc (10–1000 μg/mL) increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion from both isolated rat islets and INS-1E β-cells. These data demonstrate that S. cumini leaf improved peripheral insulin sensitivity via stimulating/modulating β-cell insulin release, which was associated with improvements in metabolic outcomes in MSG-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R Sanches
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lucas M França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Vinicyus T Chagas
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Renato S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Kayque A Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Department of Estructural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas Campinas, Brazil
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Departments of Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P Dutra
- Social, Health and Technological Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão Imperatriz, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Department of Estructural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula G Cappelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de A Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
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48
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Zhang T, Kim DH, Xiao X, Lee S, Gong Z, Muzumdar R, Calabuig-Navarro V, Yamauchi J, Harashima H, Wang R, Bottino R, Alvarez-Perez JC, Garcia-Ocaña A, Gittes G, Dong HH. FoxO1 Plays an Important Role in Regulating β-Cell Compensation for Insulin Resistance in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1055-70. [PMID: 26727107 PMCID: PMC4769368 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell compensation is an essential mechanism by which β-cells increase insulin secretion for overcoming insulin resistance to maintain euglycemia in obesity. Failure of β-cells to compensate for insulin resistance contributes to insulin insufficiency and overt diabetes. To understand the mechanism of β-cell compensation, we characterized the role of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) in β-cell compensation in mice under physiological and pathological conditions. FoxO1 is a key transcription factor that serves as a nutrient sensor for integrating insulin signaling to cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. We showed that FoxO1 improved β-cell compensation via 3 distinct mechanisms by increasing β-cell mass, enhancing β-cell glucose sensing, and augmenting β-cell antioxidative function. These effects accounted for increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and enhanced glucose tolerance in β-cell-specific FoxO1-transgenic mice. When fed a high-fat diet, β-cell-specific FoxO1-transgenic mice were protected from developing fat-induced glucose disorder. This effect was attributable to increased β-cell mass and function. Furthermore, we showed that FoxO1 activity was up-regulated in islets, correlating with the induction of physiological β-cell compensation in high-fat-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. These data characterize FoxO1 as a pivotal factor for orchestrating physiological adaptation of β-cell mass and function to overnutrition and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Sojin Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Virtu Calabuig-Navarro
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Jun Yamauchi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Rennian Wang
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Rita Bottino
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Perez
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - George Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - H Henry Dong
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (T.Z., D.H.K., S.L., Z.G., R.M., V.C.-N., J.Y., H.H.D.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (D.H.K.), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea; Division of Pediatric Surgery (X.X., G.G.), Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics (J.Y., H.H.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (R.W.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5 Canada; Institute of Cellular Therapeutics (R.B.), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212; and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, New York 10029
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Fu J, Ma S, Li X, An S, Li T, Guo K, Lin M, Qu W, Wang S, Dong X, Han X, Fu T, Huang X, Wang T, He S. Long-term Stress with Hyperglucocorticoidemia-induced Hepatic Steatosis with VLDL Overproduction Is Dependent on both 5-HT2 Receptor and 5-HT Synthesis in Liver. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:219-34. [PMID: 26884719 PMCID: PMC4737678 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic triglycerides production and adipose lipolysis are pivotal for long-term stress (LTS) or hyperglucocorticoidemia-induced insulin resistance. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been demonstrated to induce hepatic lipid metabolic abnormality by activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In present study, we explored whether 5-HT is involved in LTS effects in liver using restraint stress-exposed rats and cultured primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. LTS with hyperglucocorticoidemia induced hepatic 5-HT synthetic increase with tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) up-regulation, and 5-HT2 receptor (5-HT2R, including 5-HT2A, 2B receptor) up-regulation in liver and visceral adipose, as well as hepatic mTOR activation with triglycerides and VLDL overproduction with steatosis, and visceral adipose lipolytic increase with high blood free fatty acids (FFAs) level. 5-HT exposure exhibited LTS-like effects in both tissues, and both LTS and 5-HT effects could be abolished significantly by blocking 5-HT2R. In HepG2 cells dexamethasone or palmitate-induced mTOR activation with triglycerides and VLDL overproduction were accompanied by up-regulations of 5-HT synthesis and 5-HT2R, which were significantly abolished by gene silencing Tph1 or 5-HT2R and were almost fully abolished by co-silencing of both, especially on VLDL overproduction. Chemical inhibition of Tph1 or/and 5-HT2R in both hepatocytes exhibited similar abolishment with genetic inhibition on dexamethason-induced effects. 5-HT-stimulated effects in both hepatocytes were fully abolished by blocking 5-HT2R, while 5-HT itself also up-regulated 5-HT2R. In conclusion, up-regulated hepatic 5-HT synthesis and 5-HT2R induced by both glucocorticoid and FFAs are crucial for LTS-induced hepatic steatosis with VLDL overproduction, while 5-HT by acting on 5-HT2R mediates mTOR activation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Fu
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoxin Ma
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan An
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Guo
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Lin
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Qu
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- 1. Postgraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Dong
- 2. Undergraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- 2. Undergraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Fu
- 2. Undergraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinping Huang
- 2. Undergraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianying Wang
- 2. Undergraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu He
- 2. Undergraduates of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Parvaiz F, Manzoor S, Iqbal J, Sarkar-Dutta M, Imran M, Waris G. Hepatitis C virus NS5A promotes insulin resistance through IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and increased gluconeogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12361-12369. [PMID: 26604643 PMCID: PMC4649119 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of insulin resistance in human hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A).
METHODS: The human hepatoma cell lines, Huh7 and Huh7.5, were infected with HCV or transiently-transfected with a vector expressing HCV NS5A. The effect of HCV NS5A on the status of the critical players involved in insulin signaling was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism version 5.0.
RESULTS: To investigate the effect of insulin treatment on the players involved in insulin signaling pathway, we analyzed the status of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation in HCV infected cells or Huh7.5 cells transfected with an HCV NS5A expression vector. Our results indicated that there was an increased phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser307) in HCV infected or NS5A transfected Huh7.5 cells compared to their respective controls. Furthermore, an increased phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) was observed in HCV infected and NS5A transfected cells compared to their mock infected cells. In contrast, we observed decreased phosphorylation of Akt Thr308 phosphorylation in HCV NS5A transfected cells. These results suggest that Huh7.5 cells either infected with HCV or ectopically expressing HCV NS5A alone have the potential to induce insulin resistance by the phosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine residue (Ser307) followed by decreased phosphorylation of Akt Thr308, Fox01 Ser256 and GSK3β Ser9, the downstream players of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, increased expression of PECK and glucose-6-phosphatase, the molecules involved in gluconeogenesis, in HCV NS5A transfected cells was observed.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results suggest the role of HCV NS5A in the induction of insulin resistance by modulating various cellular targets involved in the insulin signaling pathway.
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