1
|
Cui X, Zhang T, Xie T, Guo FX, Zhang YY, Deng YJ, Wang Q, Guo YX, Dong MH, Luo XT. Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2371-2387. [PMID: 38770171 PMCID: PMC11104380 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s463880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The characteristics of the gut microbiota can vary in response to increased blood pressure (BP) and influence the development and progression of hypertension. This paper describes five aspects of the relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota, namely, the different types of gut microbiota, metabolites of the gut microbiota, sympathetic activation, gut-brain interactions, the effects of exercise and dietary patterns and the treatment of the gut microbiota through probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal remedies, providing new clues for the future prevention of hypertension. Diet, exercise and traditional Chinese medicine may contribute to long-term improvements in hypertension, although the effects of probiotics and FMT still need to be validated in large populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-xi Guo
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ying Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-jia Deng
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of General Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pereira QC, Fortunato IM, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:1066. [PMID: 38613099 PMCID: PMC11013902 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs. Disruption in this bidirectional communication between bacteria and the host results in dysbiosis, fostering the development of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to delve into the intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with aging and the clinical ramifications of such dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire to explore bioactive compounds endowed with functional properties capable of modulating and restoring balance in this aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie H, Yang N, Yu C, Lu L. Uremic toxins mediate kidney diseases: the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:38. [PMID: 38491448 PMCID: PMC10943832 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was originally identified as an environmental sensor that responds to pollutants. Subsequent research has revealed that AhR recognizes multiple exogenous and endogenous molecules, including uremic toxins retained in the body due to the decline in renal function. Therefore, AhR is also considered to be a uremic toxin receptor. As a ligand-activated transcriptional factor, the activation of AhR is involved in cell differentiation and senescence, lipid metabolism and fibrogenesis. The accumulation of uremic toxins in the body is hazardous to all tissues and organs. The identification of the endogenous uremic toxin receptor opens the door to investigating the precise role and molecular mechanism of tissue and organ damage induced by uremic toxins. This review focuses on summarizing recent findings on the role of AhR activation induced by uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy and acute kidney injury. Furthermore, potential clinical approaches to mitigate the effects of uremic toxins are explored herein, such as enhancing uremic toxin clearance through dialysis, reducing uremic toxin production through dietary interventions or microbial manipulation, and manipulating metabolic pathways induced by uremic toxins through controlling AhR signaling. This information may also shed light on the mechanism of uremic toxin-induced injury to other organs, and provide insights into clinical approaches to manipulate the accumulated uremic toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Ninghao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Limin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Candeliere F, Sola L, Raimondi S, Rossi M, Amaretti A. Good and bad dispositions between archaea and bacteria in the human gut: New insights from metagenomic survey and co-occurrence analysis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:88-98. [PMID: 38292760 PMCID: PMC10824687 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Archaea are an understudied component of the human microbiome. In this study, the gut archaeome and bacteriome of 60 healthy adults from different region were analyzed by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Archaea were ubiquitously found in a wide range of abundances, reaching up to 7.2 %. The dominant archaeal phylum was Methanobacteriota, specifically the family Methanobacteriaceae, encompassing more than 50 % of Archaea in 50 samples. The previously underestimated Thermoplasmatota, mostly composed of Methanomassiliicoccaceae, dominated in 10 subjects (>50 %) and was present in all others except one. Halobacteriota, the sole other archaeal phylum, occurred in negligible concentration, except for two samples (4.6-4.8 %). This finding confirmed that the human gut archaeome is primarily composed of methanogenic organisms and among the known methanogenic pathway: i) hydrogenotrophic reduction of CO2 is the predominant, being the genus Methanobrevibacter and the species Methanobrevibacter smithii the most abundant in the majority of the samples; ii) the second pathway, that involved Methanomassiliicoccales, was the hydrogenotrophic reduction of methyl-compounds; iii) dismutation of acetate or methyl-compounds seemed to be absent. Co-occurrence analysis allowed to unravel correlations between Archaea and Bacteria that shapes the overall structure of the microbial community, allowing to depict a clearer picture of the human gut archaeome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Candeliere
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Sola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Biogest-Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Biogest-Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Biogest-Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu H, Feng P, Sun Y, Wu D, Wang D, Wu L, Peng H, Li H. Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide metabolites in the second trimester predict the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a nested case-control study. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:778-789. [PMID: 38177285 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota products trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and related metabolites including betaine, choline and L-carnitine and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is unclear. In order to examine whether plasma TMAO and related metabolites predict the risk of HDP, a nested case-control study was conducted in Chinese women based on a prospective cohort including 9447 participants. 387 pairs of pregnant women (n = 774) were matched and their plasma TMAO, betaine, choline, and L-carnitine at 16-20 gestational weeks were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using the conditional logistic regression, to examine the association between TMAO metabolites and HDP. The findings showed that higher plasma betaine (≥24.94 μmol/L) was associated with a decreased risk of HDP and its subtype gestational hypertension (GH), with adjusted ORs of 0.404 (95% CI: 0.226-0.721) and 0.293 (95% CI: 0.134-0.642), respectively. Higher betaine/choline ratio (>2.64) was associated with a lower risk of HDP and its subtype preeclampsia or chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia (PE/CH-PE), with adjusted ORs of 0.554 (95% CI: 0.354-0.866) and 0.226 (95% CI: 0.080-0.634). Moreover, compared with traditional factors (TFs) model, the TMAO metabolites+ TFs model had a higher predictive ability for PE/CH-PE (all indexes P values < 0.0001). Therefore, it suggests that the detection of plasma betaine and choline in the early second trimester of pregnancy can better assess the risk of HDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pei Feng
- Department of Community Health Care, Kunshan Maternity and Children's Health Care Hospital, Kunshan, China
| | - Yexiu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang WHW, Nemet I, Li XS, Wu Y, Haghikia A, Witkowski M, Koeth RA, Demuth I, König M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Bäckhed F, Fischbach MA, Deb A, Landmesser U, Hazen SL. Prognostic value of gut microbe-generated metabolite phenylacetylglutamine in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2024; 26:233-241. [PMID: 38124458 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) is a phenylalanine-derived metabolite produced by gut microbiota with mechanistic links to heart failure (HF)-relevant phenotypes. We sought to investigate the prognostic value of PAGln in patients with stable HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Fasting plasma PAGln levels were measured by stable-isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in patients with stable HF from two large cohorts. All-cause mortality was assessed at 5-year follow-up in the Cleveland cohort, and HF, hospitalization, or mortality were assessed at 3-year follow-up in the Berlin cohort. Within the Cleveland cohort, median PAGln levels were 4.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.4-6.9) μM. Highest quartile of PAGln was associated with 3.09-fold increased mortality risk compared to lowest quartile. Following adjustments for traditional risk factors, as well as race, estimated glomerular filtration rate, amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, left ventricular ejection fraction, ischaemic aetiology, and HF drug treatment, elevated PAGln levels remained predictive of 5-year mortality in quartile comparisons (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval, CI] for Q4 vs Q1: 1.64 [1.07-2.53]). In the Berlin cohort, a similar distribution of PAGln levels was observed (median 3.2 [IQR 2.0-4.8] μM), and PAGln levels were associated with a 1.92-fold increase in 3-year HF hospitalization or all-cause mortality risk (adjusted HR [95% CI] for Q4 vs Q1: 1.92 [1.02-3.61]). Prognostic value of PAGln appears to be independent of trimethylamine N-oxide levels. CONCLUSION High levels of PAGln are associated with adverse outcomes independent of traditional cardiac risk factors and cardio-renal risk markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Wilson Tang
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ina Nemet
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert A Koeth
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian König
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maksymiuk KM, Szudzik M, Samborowska E, Chabowski D, Konop M, Ufnal M. Mice, rats, and guinea pigs differ in FMOs expression and tissue concentration of TMAO, a gut bacteria-derived biomarker of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297474. [PMID: 38266015 PMCID: PMC10807837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased plasma trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is observed in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, originating from the gut microbiota product, trimethylamine (TMA), via flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs)-dependent oxidation. Numerous studies have investigated the association between plasma TMAO and various pathologies, yet limited knowledge exists regarding tissue concentrations of TMAO, TMAO precursors, and interspecies variability. METHODS Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to evaluate tissue concentrations of TMAO and its precursors in adult male mice, rats, and guinea pigs. FMO mRNA and protein levels were assessed through PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Plasma TMAO levels were similar among the studied species. However, significant differences in tissue concentrations of TMAO were observed between mice, rats, and guinea pigs. The rat renal medulla exhibited the highest TMAO concentration, while the lowest was found in the mouse liver. Mice demonstrated significantly higher plasma TMA concentrations compared to rats and guinea pigs, with the highest TMA concentration found in the mouse renal medulla and the lowest in the rat lungs. FMO5 exhibited the highest expression in mouse liver, while FMO3 was highly expressed in rats. Guinea pigs displayed low expression of FMOs in this tissue. CONCLUSION Despite similar plasma TMAO levels, mice, rats, and guinea pigs exhibited significant differences in tissue concentrations of TMA, TMAO, and FMO expression. These interspecies variations should be considered in the design and interpretation of experimental studies. Furthermore, these findings may suggest a diverse importance of the TMAO pathway in the physiology of the evaluated species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia M. Maksymiuk
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szudzik
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Chabowski
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Konop
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meade A, McLaren C, Bennett PN. Combining exercise and nutrition in chronic kidney disease and dialysis: Can we learn from the performance nutrition of athletes? Semin Dial 2024; 37:3-9. [PMID: 35118721 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise interventions in individuals with chronic kidney disease have been widely reviewed; however, exercise has not yet been incorporated into routine clinical practice. In athletic populations, the goals of exercise training are to improve a specific aspect of physical performance such as strength or endurance, to ultimately optimize physical performance. This contrasts with many chronic kidney disease exercise studies where the goals are more aligned to a minimal effect, such as prevention of decline in physical function, frailty or protein energy wasting (PEW), weight loss for cardiovascular disease risk reduction, and risk minimization for mortality. In athletic populations, there are common targeted nutrition strategies used to optimize physical performance. In this review, we consider the evidence for and potential benefits of targeted nutrition strategies to complement well-designed exercise interventions to improve physical performance in people with chronic kidney disease and dialysis. Overall, we found a small number of studies using targeted protein supplementation in combination with a variety of exercise protocols; however, results were mixed. Future studies in people with chronic kidney disease should optimize acute (pre, during, and postexercise) and chronic nutritional status, utilizing targeted nutrition interventions proven in athletes to have benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Meade
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carla McLaren
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul N Bennett
- Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu R, Sun Y, Di D, Zhang X, Zhu B, Wu H. PI3K/AKT/SERBP-1 pathway regulates Alisma orientalis beverage treatment of atherosclerosis in APOE -/- high-fat diet mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:473-487. [PMID: 36825364 PMCID: PMC9970249 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2168020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previously, we found Alisma orientalis beverage (AOB), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, had the potential effect of treating atherosclerosis (AS). The underlying mechanism was still unclear. OBJECTIVE As an extention of our previous work, to investigate the underlying mechanism of action of AOB in the treatment for AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was conducted using SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, DrugBank, Metascape, etc., to construct component-target-pathway networks. In vivo, AS models were induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 consecutive weeks in APOE-/- mice. After the administration of AOB (3.8 g/kg, i.g.) for 8 weeks, we assessed the aortic plaque, four indicators of blood lipids, and expression of the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 pathway in liver. RESULTS Network pharmacology showed that PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 played a role in AOB's treatment for AS (PI3K: degree = 18; AKT: degree = 17). Moreover, we found that the arterial plaque area and four indicators of blood lipids were all significantly reversed by AOB treatment in APOE-/- mice fed with HFD (plaque area reduced by about 37.75%). In addition, phosphorylated expression of PI3K/AKT and expression of SREBP-1 were obviously increased in APOE-/- mice fed with HFD, which were all improved by AOB (PI3K: 51.6%; AKT: 23.6%; SREBP-1: 40.0%). CONCLUSIONS AOB had therapeutic effects for AS by improving blood lipids and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/SERBP-1 pathway in the liver. This study provides new ideas for the treatment of AS, as well as new evidence for the clinical application of AOB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Febrile Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Di
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Sheyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Boran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xing Y, Yan L, Li X, Xu Z, Wu X, Gao H, Chen Y, Ma X, Liu J, Zhang J. The relationship between atrial fibrillation and NLRP3 inflammasome: a gut microbiota perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273524. [PMID: 38077349 PMCID: PMC10703043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical arrhythmia whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and the inflammatory response plays an important role in the development of AF. The inflammasome is an important component of innate immunity and is involved in a variety of pathophysiologic processes. The NLRP3 inflammasome is by far the best studied and validated inflammasome that recognizes multiple pathogens through pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses through activation of Caspase-1. Several studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the onset and development of AF. Ecological dysregulation of the gut microbiota has been associated with the development of AF, and some evidence suggests that gut microbiota components, functional byproducts, or metabolites may induce or exacerbate the development of AF by directly or indirectly modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we report on the interconnection of NLRP3 inflammasomes and gut microbiota and whether this association is related to the onset and persistence of AF. We discuss the potential value of pharmacological and dietary induction in the management of AF in the context of the association between the NLRP3 inflammasome and gut microbiota. It is hoped that this review will lead to new therapeutic targets for the future management of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Xing
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longmei Yan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Wu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ralli T, Saifi Z, Tyagi N, Vidyadhari A, Aeri V, Kohli K. Deciphering the role of gut metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:815-833. [PMID: 36394607 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2142091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in microbial abundance or diversity in the intestinal lumen leads to intestinal inflammation and disruption of intestinal membrane which eventually facilitates the translocation of microbial metabolites or whole microbes to the liver and other organs through portal vein. This process of translocation finally leads to multitude of health disorders. In this review, we are going to focus on the mechanisms by which gut metabolites like SCFAs, tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, bile acids (BAs), ethanol, and choline can either cause the development/progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or serves as a therapeutic treatment for the disease. Alterations in some metabolites like SCFAs, Trp metabolites, etc., can serve as biomarker molecules whereas presence of specific metabolites like ethanol definitely leads to disease progression. Thus, proper understanding of these mechanisms will subsequently help in designing of microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we have also focussed on the role of dysbiosis on the mucosal immune system. In addition, we would also compile up the microbiome-based clinical trials which are currently undergoing for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has been observed that the use of microbiome-based approaches like prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, etc., can act as a beneficial treatment option but more research needs to be done to know how to manipulate the composition of gut microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arya Vidyadhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Research and Publications, Llyod Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Landry MJ, Ward CP, Cunanan KM, Durand LR, Perelman D, Robinson JL, Hennings T, Koh L, Dant C, Zeitlin A, Ebel ER, Sonnenburg ED, Sonnenburg JL, Gardner CD. Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2344457. [PMID: 38032644 PMCID: PMC10690456 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Increasing evidence suggests that, compared with an omnivorous diet, a vegan diet confers potential cardiovascular benefits from improved diet quality (ie, higher consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds). Objective To compare the effects of a healthy vegan vs healthy omnivorous diet on cardiometabolic measures during an 8-week intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center, population-based randomized clinical trial of 22 pairs of twins (N = 44) randomized participants to a vegan or omnivorous diet (1 twin per diet). Participant enrollment began March 28, 2022, and continued through May 5, 2022. The date of final follow-up data collection was July 20, 2022. This 8-week, open-label, parallel, dietary randomized clinical trial compared the health impact of a vegan diet vs an omnivorous diet in identical twins. Primary analysis included all available data. Intervention Twin pairs were randomized to follow a healthy vegan diet or a healthy omnivorous diet for 8 weeks. Diet-specific meals were provided via a meal delivery service from baseline through week 4, and from weeks 5 to 8 participants prepared their own diet-appropriate meals and snacks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration from baseline to end point (week 8). Secondary outcome measures were changes in cardiometabolic factors (plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin levels and serum trimethylamine N-oxide level), plasma vitamin B12 level, and body weight. Exploratory measures were adherence to study diets, ease or difficulty in following the diets, participant energy levels, and sense of well-being. Results A total of 22 pairs (N = 44) of twins (34 [77.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 39.6 [12.7] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 25.9 [4.7]) were enrolled in the study. After 8 weeks, compared with twins randomized to an omnivorous diet, the twins randomized to the vegan diet experienced significant mean (SD) decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (-13.9 [5.8] mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.3 to -2.4 mg/dL), fasting insulin level (-2.9 [1.3] μIU/mL; 95% CI, -5.3 to -0.4 μIU/mL), and body weight (-1.9 [0.7] kg; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.6 kg). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of the cardiometabolic effects of omnivorous vs vegan diets in identical twins, the healthy vegan diet led to improved cardiometabolic outcomes compared with a healthy omnivorous diet. Clinicians can consider this dietary approach as a healthy alternative for their patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05297825.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine
| | - Catherine P. Ward
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kristen M. Cunanan
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lindsay R. Durand
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Dalia Perelman
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Tayler Hennings
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Linda Koh
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Christopher Dant
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Amanda Zeitlin
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Emily R. Ebel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Erica D. Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Justin L. Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
- Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher D. Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hong Y, Sun Z, Liu N, Yang K, Li Y, Xu Q, Guo Z, Duan Y. The relationship between trimethylamine-N-oxide and the risk of acute ischemic stroke: A dose‒response meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293275. [PMID: 37883346 PMCID: PMC10602245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) shows a notable correlation with cardiovascular disease, its association with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains uncertain and necessitates further investigation. OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between trimethylamine-N-oxide and acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM, spanning from their inception to 23 September 2023. The search was consistently updated and supplemented by bibliographies of retrieved articles and previous reviews. A total of 20 eligible studies, including 17 case‒controls and 3 cohort studies, were selected, involving 9141 participants (5283 case group, 3858 control group). For the dose‒response analysis, three case-control studies were eligible. We extracted and pooled TMAO mean and standard deviation from observational studies for control and ischemic stroke groups. The effect sizes were combined using the random-effects model. Where possible, dose‒response analysis was performed. RESULT Overall, the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of serum/plasma TMAO in AIS compared to the control group (SMD = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.61, P<0.001). Additionally, the dose‒response meta-analysis revealed a 12.1% relative increase in the risk of acute ischemic stroke per 1 μmol/L rise in TMAO concentration (RR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.07-1.17; P<0.05; I2 = 1.6%, P = 0.4484). CONCLUSION These findings indicate a potential increased risk of AIS associated with elevated TMAO levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaidie Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianqiu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangyou Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Davies A, Wenzl FA, Li XS, Winzap P, Obeid S, Klingenberg R, Mach F, Räber L, Muller O, Matter CM, Laaksonen R, Wang Z, Hazen SL, Lüscher TF. Short and medium chain acylcarnitines as markers of outcome in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with acute coronary syndromes. Int J Cardiol 2023; 389:131261. [PMID: 37574027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine metabolism produces numerous molecular species of short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines, which play important roles in energy homeostasis and fatty acid transport in the myocardium. Given that disturbances in the carnitine metabolism are linked to cardiometabolic disease, we studied the relationship of circulating acylcarnitines with outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and evaluated differences in circulating levels of these metabolites between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. METHODS Harnessing a prospective multicentre cohort study (SPUM-ACS; NCT01000701), we measured plasma levels of acylcarnitines, carnitine, and carnitine metabolites to assess their relationship with adjudicated major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, clinically indicated revascularization, or death of any cause. The SPUM-ACS study enrolled patients presenting with ACS to Swiss University Hospitals between 2009 and 2012. Acetylcarnitine, octanoylcarnitine, proprionylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, pentanoylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were measured in plasma using stable isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography with online electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 1683 patients with ACS were included in the study. All measured metabolites except γ-butyrobetaine and carnitine were higher in diabetic subject (n = 294) than in non-diabetic subjects (n = 1389). On univariate analysis, all metabolites, apart from octenoylcarnitine, were significantly associated with MACE at 1 year. After multivariable adjustment for established risk factors, acetylcarnitine remained an independent predictor of MACE at 1-year (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, adjusted hazard ratio 2.06; 95% confidence interval 1.12-3.80, P = 0.020). CONCLUSION Circulating levels of acetylcarnitine independently predict residual cardiovascular risk in patients with ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Davies
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Florian A Wenzl
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patric Winzap
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Slayman Obeid
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Aarau Cantonal Hospital, Aarau, Switzerland; Herzklinik Kreuzlingen, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Klingenberg
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Campus of the Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Universitaire de Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK; School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han Z, Wang M, Wang K, Cheng P, Shi W. A Bifunctional Coordination-Chain-Based Hydrogen-Bonded Framework for Quantitative Enantioselective Sensing. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301892. [PMID: 37500588 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective sensing is highly crucial and challenging due to the highly similar physical/chemical properties of enantiomers which may have different chemical impact on organism. Luminescent coordination compounds have attracted great attention as sensing materials based on their controllable chemical and electric structures that can be highly matched with the targeted species. To achieve high-performance enantioselective sensing, the direct synthesis of chiral and luminescent bifunctional coordination compounds is a rational way but highly challenging due to the price and synthesis difficulty. Herein, an anionic coordination-chain-based hydrogen-bonded framework was applied as a host to accommodate chiral and luminescent centers via a facile cation exchange reaction, affording a bifunctional framework that possesses enantioselective sensing properties for the mixture of enantiomers. This study paves a pathway for constructing multifunctional coordination chain-based hydrogen-bonded frameworks for rapidly enantioselective sensing function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongsu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kunyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) and, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen X, Zhang H, Ren S, Ding Y, Remex NS, Bhuiyan MS, Qu J, Tang X. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2269-2284. [PMID: 37442759 PMCID: PMC10538883 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, thrombosis, and hypertension, are a great economic burden and threat to human health and are the major cause of death worldwide. Recently, researchers have begun to appreciate the role of microbial ecosystems within the human body in contributing to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiota functions as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive metabolites that participate in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and their dysfunction can directly influence the progression of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We also highlight the mechanism by which well-documented gut microbiota-derived metabolites, especially trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and phenylacetylglutamine, promote or inhibit the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of altering the gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites to improve or prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sichong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yangnan Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Naznin Sultana Remex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Jiahua Qu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang T, Masedunskas A, Willett WC, Fontana L. Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3423-3439. [PMID: 37450568 PMCID: PMC10516628 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular thanks to their purported health benefits and more recently for their positive environmental impact. Prospective studies suggest that consuming vegetarian diets is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, dementia, and cancer. Data from randomized clinical trials have confirmed a protective effect of vegetarian diets for the prevention of diabetes and reductions in weight, blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but to date, no data are available for cardiovascular event rates and cognitive impairment, and there are very limited data for cancer. Moreover, not all plant-based foods are equally healthy. Unhealthy vegetarian diets poor in specific nutrients (vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and calcium) and/or rich in highly processed and refined foods increase morbidity and mortality. Further mechanistic studies are desirable to understand whether the advantages of healthy, minimally processed vegetarian diets represent an all-or-nothing phenomenon and whether consuming primarily plant-based diets containing small quantities of animal products (e.g. pesco-vegetarian or Mediterranean diets) has beneficial, detrimental, or neutral effects on cardiometabolic health outcomes. Further, mechanistic studies are warranted to enhance our understanding about healthy plant-based food patterns and the biological mechanisms linking dietary factors, CVD, and other metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, Brescia, Lombardy, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lemons JMS, Conrad M, Tanes C, Chen J, Friedman ES, Roggiani M, Curry D, Chau L, Hecht AL, Harling L, Vales J, Kachelries KE, Baldassano RN, Goulian M, Bittinger K, Master SR, Liu L, Wu GD. Enterobacteriaceae Growth Promotion by Intestinal Acylcarnitines, a Biomarker of Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:131-148. [PMID: 37739064 PMCID: PMC10694575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Altered plasma acylcarnitine levels are well-known biomarkers for a variety of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders and can be used as an alternative energy source for the intestinal epithelium when short-chain fatty acids are low. These membrane-permeable fatty acid intermediates are excreted into the gut lumen via bile and are increased in the feces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Herein, based on studies in human subjects, animal models, and bacterial cultures, we show a strong positive correlation between fecal carnitine and acylcarnitines and the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in IBD where they can be consumed by bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Carnitine metabolism promotes the growth of Escherichia coli via anaerobic respiration dependent on the cai operon, and acetylcarnitine dietary supplementation increases fecal carnitine levels with enhanced intestinal colonization of the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. CONCLUSIONS In total, these results indicate that the increased luminal concentrations of carnitine and acylcarnitines in patients with IBD may promote the expansion of pathobionts belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, thereby contributing to disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M S Lemons
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
| | - Maire Conrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ceylan Tanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elliot S Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manuela Roggiani
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dylan Curry
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lillian Chau
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron L Hecht
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Harling
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Vales
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly E Kachelries
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Goulian
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen R Master
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - LinShu Liu
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania.
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ciccone MM, Lepera ME, Guaricci AI, Forleo C, Cafiero C, Colella M, Palmirotta R, Santacroce L. Might Gut Microbiota Be a Target for a Personalized Therapeutic Approach in Patients Affected by Atherosclerosis Disease? J Pers Med 2023; 13:1360. [PMID: 37763128 PMCID: PMC10532785 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing number of studies on the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis have led to significant interest in this subject. The gut microbiota, its metabolites (metabolome), such as TMAO, and gut dysbiosis play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inflammation, originating from the intestinal tract, adds yet another mechanism by which the human ecosystem is disrupted, resulting in the manifestation of metabolic diseases and, by extension, cardiovascular diseases. The scientific community must understand and elucidate these mechanisms in depth, to gain a better understanding of the relationship between atherosclerosis and the gut microbiome and to promote the development of new therapeutic targets in the coming years. This review aims to present the knowledge acquired so far, to trigger others to further investigate this intriguing topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Mario Erminio Lepera
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.C.); (M.E.L.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Concetta Cafiero
- Area of Molecular Pathology, Anatomic Pathology Unit, Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone, Italy;
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Raffele Palmirotta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vital M, Heinrich‐Sanchez Y. A small, polyphyletic group of Firmicutes synthesizes trimethylamine from l-carnitine. MLIFE 2023; 2:267-271. [PMID: 38817809 PMCID: PMC10989800 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine (TMA) is associated with cardiometabolic disorders and exemplifies a microbial involvement in the etiology of emerging, noncommunicable diseases, the leading causes of death worldwide. Three biochemical pathways taking dietary compounds as intake have been described with distinct taxa involved that are all present at low relative abundances. A recently discovered pathway is now considered to be the main route for TMA synthesis from l-carnitine involving γ-butyrobetaine as an intermediate product. By comprehensive (meta) genomic screening of publicly available data, namely, genomes of the UHGG catalog (n > 200,000) and 10 metagenomic (transcriptomic) data sets, we revealed bacteria synthesizing TMA via this pathway and specified their ecophysiology. Results will contribute to stratification of individuals based on their gut microbiota's potential to synthesize TMA and might aid in the development of strategies restricting TMA formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Vital
- Hannover Medical SchoolInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital EpidemiologyHannoverGermany
| | - Ylenia Heinrich‐Sanchez
- Hannover Medical SchoolInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital EpidemiologyHannoverGermany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Satheesh Babu AK, Srinivasan H, Anandh Babu PV. Breaking bugs: gut microbes metabolize dietary components and modulate vascular health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37651204 PMCID: PMC10902197 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2251616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota modulates host physiology and pathophysiology through the production of microbial metabolites. Diet is a crucial factor in shaping the microbiome, and gut microbes interact with the host by producing beneficial or detrimental diet-derived microbial metabolites. Evidence from our lab and others indicates that the interaction between diet and gut microbes plays a pivotal role in modulating vascular health. Diet-derived microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and metabolites of phenolic acids improve vascular health, whereas trimethylamine oxide and certain amino acid-derived microbial metabolites impair the vasculature. These metabolites have been shown to regulate blood pressure, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis by acting on multiple targets. Nonetheless, there are substantial gaps in knowledge within this field. The microbial enzymes essential for the production of diet-derived metabolites, the role of the food matrix in regulating the bioavailability of metabolites, and the structure-activity relationships between metabolites and biomolecules in the vasculature are largely unknown. Potential diet-derived metabolites to improve vascular health can be identified through future studies that investigate the causal relationship between dietary components, gut microbes, diet-derived metabolites, and vascular health by using radiolabeled compounds, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ramakrishnan S, Mooli RGR, Han Y, Fiorenza E, Kumar S, Bello F, Nallanagulagari A, Karra S, Teng L, Jurczak M. Hepatic ketogenesis regulates lipid homeostasis via ACSL1-mediated fatty acid partitioning. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3147009. [PMID: 37503004 PMCID: PMC10371136 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3147009/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Liver-derived ketone bodies play a crucial role in fasting energy homeostasis by fueling the brain and peripheral tissues. Ketogenesis also acts as a conduit to remove excess acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation and protects against diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Surprisingly, no study has examined the role of ketogenesis in fasting-associated hepatocellular lipid metabolism. Ketogenesis is driven by the rate-limiting mitochondrial enzyme 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMGCS2) abundantly expressed in the liver. Here, we show that ketogenic insufficiency via disruption of hepatic HMGCS2 exacerbates liver steatosis in fasted chow and high-fat-fed mice. We found that the hepatic steatosis is driven by increased fatty acid partitioning to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for re-esterification via acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1). Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA accumulation from impaired hepatic ketogenesis is responsible for the elevated translocation of ACSL1 to the ER. Moreover, we show increased ER-localized ACSL1 and re-esterification of lipids in human NASH displaying impaired hepatic ketogenesis. Finally, we show that L-carnitine, which buffers excess acetyl-CoA, decreases the ER-associated ACSL1 and alleviates hepatic steatosis. Thus, ketogenesis via controlling hepatocellular acetyl-CoA homeostasis regulates lipid partitioning and protects against hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Agnoli C, Baroni L, Bertini I, Ciappellano S, Fabbri A, Goggi S, Metro D, Papa M, Sbarbati R, Scarino ML, Pellegrini N, Sieri S. A comprehensive review of healthy effects of vegetarian diets. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1308-1315. [PMID: 37217433 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A comprehensive review comparing the effect of vegetarian (V) and non-vegetarian (NV) diets on the major cardiometabolic diseases' outcomes was performed. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed literature research (up to December 31, 2022) of the evidence separately for vascular disease (VD), obesity (OB), dyslipidemia (Dysl), hypertension (HPT), type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), analyzing only cohort studies and randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and comparing the effect of V and NV diets. Cohort studies showed advantages of V diets compared to NV diets on incidence and/or mortality risk for ischemic heart disease, overweight and OB risk. Most cohort studies showed V had lower risk of HPT and lower blood pressure (BP) than NV and V diets had positive effects on T2D risk or plasma parameters. The few cohort studies on the risk of MetS reported mixed results. In RCTs, V diets, mainly low-fat-vegan ones, led to greater weight loss and improved glycemic control than NV diets and in the only one RCT a partial regression of coronary atherosclerosis. In most RCTs, V diets significantly reduced LDL-C levels (but also decreased HDL-C levels) and BP. CONCLUSIONS In this comprehensive review of the association between V diets and cardiometabolic outcomes, we found that following this type of diet may help to prevent most of these diseases. However, the non-uniformity of the studies, due to ethnic, cultural, and methodological differences, does not allow for generalizing the present results and drawing definitive conclusions. Further, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm the consistency of our conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - L Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition - SSNV, Venice (VE), Italy
| | | | - S Ciappellano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Fabbri
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - S Goggi
- Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Plant Based Clinic, via Giannone 9, 20154, Milano, Italy
| | - D Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - M Papa
- Messina Provincial Health Authority, Messina, Italy
| | | | - M L Scarino
- Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - N Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - S Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Jian C. Novel plant-based meat alternatives: Implications and opportunities for consumer nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:241-274. [PMID: 37722774 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of the global protein transition needed to remain within planetary boundaries, there is an influx of plant-based meat alternatives that seek to approximate the texture, flavor and/or nutrient profiles of conventional animal meat. These novel plant-based meat alternatives, enabled by advances in food technology, can be fundamentally different from the whole-plant foods from which they are derived. One of the reasons is the necessity to use food additives on various occasions, since consumers' acceptance of plant-based meat products primarily depends on the organoleptic properties. Consequently, a high degree of heterogeneity in formulation and nutritional profiles exists both within and between product categories of plant-based meat alternatives with unknown effects on several aspects of human health. This is further complicated by the differences in digestibility and bioavailability between proteins from animal and plant sources, which have a profound impact on colonic fermentation, nutritional adequacy and potential health effects. On the other hand, emerging strategies provide opportunities to develop affordable, delicious and nutritious plant-based meat alternatives that align with consumer interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ching Jian
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Y, Liu M, Liu K, Wu G, Tan Y. Lung microbiota and potential treatment of respiratory diseases. Microb Pathog 2023:106197. [PMID: 37321423 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unique microbiome found in the lungs has been studied and shown to be associated with both pulmonary homeostasis and lung diseases. The lung microbiome has the potential to produce metabolites that modulate host-microbe interactions. Specifically, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by certain strains of the lung microbiota have been shown to regulate immune function and maintain gut mucosal health. In response, this review described the distribution and composition of the microbiota in lung diseases and discussed the impact of the lung microbiota on health and lung disease. In addition, the review further elaborated on the mechanism of microbial metabolites in microbial-host interaction and their application in the treatment of lung diseases. A better understanding of the interaction between the microbiota, metabolites, and host will provide potential strategies for the development of novel methods for the treatment of pulmonary microbial induced lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Xiangya School of Medical, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Excellent Doctor Training, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hild B. [The microbiome and metabolic syndrome: is this a chicken-or-egg problem?]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00108-023-01531-z. [PMID: 37286801 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has become recognized as a critical player in the understanding of human physiology and pathophysiology, especially with regard to the metabolic syndrome. While recent findings emphasize the impact of the microbiome on metabolic health, new questions simultaneously arise: Is there a dysbiotic microbiome before the onset of metabolic disorders or is dysbiosis caused by a deranged metabolism? Furthermore, are there opportunities to employ the microbiome as a tool for novel treatment strategies in patients with metabolic syndrome? The intention of this review article is to describe the fashionable term "microbiome" beyond its current research approaches, which will be relevant to the practicing internist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hild
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ashkar F, Wu J. Effects of Food Factors and Processing on Protein Digestibility and Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37267055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein is an essential macronutrient. The nutritional needs of dietary proteins are met by digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Indigestible proteins are further metabolized in the gut and produce metabolites via protein fermentation. Thus, protein indigestibility exerts a wide range of effects on gut microbiota composition and function. This review aims to discuss protein digestibility, the effects of food factors, such as protein sources, intake level, and amino acid composition, and making meat analogues. Besides, it provides an inventory of antinutritional factors and processing techniques that influence protein digestibility and, consequently, the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Future studies are warranted to understand the implication of plant-based analogues on protein digestibility and gut microbiota and to elucidate the mechanisms concerning protein digestibility to host gut microbiota using various omics techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Panyod S, Wu WK, Peng SY, Tseng YJ, Hsieh YC, Chen RA, Huang HS, Chen YH, Chuang HL, Hsu CC, Shen TCD, Yang KC, Ho CT, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Ginger essential oil and citral ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice by modulating trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiota. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:19. [PMID: 37210385 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), has gained considerable research attention. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is formed during ʟ-carnitine metabolism, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, causing thrombosis. Here, we elucidated the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanism of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) and its bioactive compound citral in Gubra Amylin NASH (GAN) diet with ʟ-carnitine-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE-/- mice. Treatment with GEO at both low and high doses and citral inhibited the formation of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, improved plasma lipid profile, reduced blood sugar, improved insulin resistance, decreased plasma TMAO levels, and inhibited plasma inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-1β. Additionally, GEO and citral treatment modulated gut microbiota diversity and composition by increasing the abundance of beneficial microbes and decreasing the abundance of CVD-related microbes. Overall, these results showed that GEO and citral may serve as potential dietary supplements for CVD prevention by improving gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sin-Yi Peng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yea-Jing Tseng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Armandi A, Bugianesi E. Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cardiovascular Diseases. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:239-250. [PMID: 37024205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at high risk of cardiovascular disease, including carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The risk is partially due to shared risk factors, but it may vary according to liver injury. A fatty liver may induce an atherogenic profile, the local necro-inflammatory changes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may enhance systemic metabolic inflammation, and fibrogenesis can run parallel in the liver and in the myocardium and precedes heart failure. The detrimental impact of a Western diet combines with polymorphisms in genes associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Shared clinical/diagnostic algorithms are needed to manage the cardiovascular risk in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stonāns I, Kuzmina J, Poļaka I, Grīnberga S, Sevostjanovs E, Liepiņš E, Aleksandraviča I, Šantare D, Kiršners A, Škapars R, Pčolkins A, Tolmanis I, Sīviņš A, Leja M, Dambrova M. The Association of Circulating L-Carnitine, γ-Butyrobetaine and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels with Gastric Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071341. [PMID: 37046558 PMCID: PMC10093028 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the association between gastric cancer (GC) and higher concentrations of the metabolites L-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and gut microbiota-mediated trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the circulation. There is evidence suggesting that higher levels of TMAO and its precursors in blood can be indicative of either a higher risk of malignancy or indeed its presence; however, GC has not been studied in this regard until now. Our study included 83 controls without high-risk stomach lesions and 105 GC cases. Blood serum L-carnitine, GBB and TMAO levels were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). Although there were no significant differences between female control and GC groups, we found a significant difference in circulating levels of metabolites between the male control group and the male GC group, with median levels of L-carnitine reaching 30.22 (25.78–37.57) nmol/mL vs. 37.38 (32.73–42.61) nmol/mL (p < 0.001), GBB–0.79 (0.73–0.97) nmol/mL vs. 0.97 (0.78–1.16) nmol/mL (p < 0.05) and TMAO–2.49 (2.00–2.97) nmol/mL vs. 3.12 (2.08–5.83) nmol/mL (p < 0.05). Thus, our study demonstrated the association between higher blood levels of L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO and GC in males, but not in females. Furthermore, correlations of any two investigated metabolites were stronger in the GC groups of both genders in comparison to the control groups. Our findings reveal the potential role of L-carnitine, GBB and TMAO in GC and suggest metabolic differences between genders. In addition, the logistic regression analysis revealed that the only significant factor in terms of predicting whether the patient belonged to the control or to the GC group was the blood level of L-carnitine in males only. Hence, carnitine might be important as a biomarker or a risk factor for GC, especially in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilmārs Stonāns
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelizaveta Kuzmina
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Poļaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grīnberga
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepiņš
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Aleksandraviča
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Daiga Šantare
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arnis Kiršners
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Škapars
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Pčolkins
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Tolmanis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Sīviņš
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mārcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li B, Xu M, Wang Y, Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. Gut microbiota: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116038. [PMID: 36529248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The causes of depression are complex. Many factors are involved in its pathogenesis, including the individual's biological and social environment. Although numerous studies have reported that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in depression, drugs that regulate the gut microbiota to treat depression have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in improving depression by regulating gut microbiota. In ancient times, fecal microbiota transplantation was recorded in TCM for the treatment of severe diseases. There are also records in Chinese ancient books about the use of TCM to adjust gut microbiota to treat diseases, which has opened up a unique research field in TCM. Therefore, this article focuses on the pharmacological effects, targets, and mechanisms of TCM in improving depression by mediating the influence of gut microbiota. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To summarize the role the gut microbiota plays in depression, highlight potential regulatory targets, and elucidate the anti-depression mechanisms of TCMs through regulation of the gut microbiota. METHODS A systematic review of 256 clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies published until June 2022 was conducted in eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and China Knowledge Infrastructure), according to the implemented PRISMA criteria, using the search terms "traditional Chinese medicine," "depression," and "gut microbiota." RESULTS Numerous studies reported the effects of different gut bacteria on depression and that antidepressants work through the gut microbiota. TCM preparations based on compound Chinese medicine, the Chinese Materia Medica, and major bioactive components exerted antidepressant-like effects by improving levels of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, kynurenine, and cytokines via regulation of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION This review summarized the anti-depression effects of TCM on the gut microbiota, providing evidence that TCMs are safe and effective in the treatment of depression and may provide a new therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meijing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Raja L, Venkatesan S, Lin MC, Vediappen P. Green synthesis of naphthyl derivative as an optical sensor for the detection of l-carnitine in food samples. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:224-231. [PMID: 36602149 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An economical and green approach to the synthesis of naphthyl derivative for detection of l-carnitine (3-hydroxy-4-N-trimethyl-aminobutyrate) is practically important. We developed a naphthyl derivative as a probe showing 'turn-on' response towards l-carnitine selectively at pH 7.2 through ICT mechanism with a good limit of detection (LOD) of 0.126 μM. Using Job's plot for determining the binding stoichiometry, it was found that probe could form a more stable complex (1:1) with carnitine. The binding constant (K) between probe and carnitine was calculated as 8 × 107 M-1 using the Benesi-Hildebrand plot. The binding interaction of the probe with l-carnitine was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance titrations, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, photo physical studies and density functional theory calculations. Meanwhile, the probe can be used to quantitatively detect carnitine in food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Raja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Srinivasadesikan Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Padmini Vediappen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Perler BK, Friedman ES, Wu GD. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Relationship Between Diet and Human Health. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:449-468. [PMID: 36375468 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets associated with health have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols while being low in saturated fats, sodium, and refined carbohydrates. Over the past several decades, dietary patterns have changed significantly in Westernized nations with the increased consumption of calorically dense ultraprocessed foods low in fiber and high in saturated fats, salt, and refined carbohydrates, leading to numerous negative health consequences including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiota is an environmental factor that interacts with diet and may also have an impact on health outcomes, many of which involve metabolites produced by the microbiota from dietary components that can impact the host. This review focuses on our current understanding of the complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and host health, with examples of how diet can support health, increase an individual's risk for disease, and be used as a therapy for specific diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce K Perler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Elliot S Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Constantino-Jonapa LA, Espinoza-Palacios Y, Escalona-Montaño AR, Hernández-Ruiz P, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Amedei A, Aguirre-García MM. Contribution of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) to Chronic Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020431. [PMID: 36830968 PMCID: PMC9952918 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota and has been mainly associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in humans. There are factors that affect one's TMAO level, such as diet, drugs, age, and hormones, among others. Gut dysbiosis in the host has been studied recently as a new approach to understanding chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. These disease types as well as COVID-19 are known to modulate host immunity. Diabetic and obese patients have been observed to have an increase in their level of TMAO, which has a direct correlation with CVDs. This metabolite is attributed to enhancing the inflammatory pathways through cholesterol and bile acid dysregulation, promoting foam cell formation. Additionally, TMAO activates the transcription factor NF-κB, which, in turn, triggers cytokine production. The result can be an exaggerated inflammatory response capable of inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is responsible for various diseases. Due to the deleterious effects that this metabolite causes in its host, it is important to search for new therapeutic agents that allow a reduction in the TMAO levels of patients and that, thus, allow patients to be able to avoid a severe cardiovascular event. The present review discussed the synthesis of TMAO and its contribution to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Constantino-Jonapa
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Yoshua Espinoza-Palacios
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Alma R. Escalona-Montaño
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Paulina Hernández-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - María M. Aguirre-García
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5573-2911 (ext. 27316)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bhuiya J, Notsu Y, Kobayashi H, Shibly AZ, Sheikh AM, Okazaki R, Yamaguchi K, Nagai A, Nabika T, Abe T, Yamasaki M, Isomura M, Yano S. Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030759. [PMID: 36771464 PMCID: PMC9921512 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine and choline, is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. As TMAO content is very high in fish, we raised the following question: why do Japanese people, who consume lots of fish, show a low risk of atherosclerosis? To address this question, we investigated the effects of TMAO and other L-carnitine-related metabolites on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Participants were recruited from a small island and a mountainous region. Plasma L-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine (γBB), TMAO, trimethyllysine (TML), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were measured using liquid or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma L-carnitine concentration was higher in men than in women. TMAO and TML were significantly higher in the residents of the island than in the mountainous people. In multiple linear regression analyses in all participants, TML showed a significant inverse association with max-IMT and plaque score (PS), whereas TMAO did not show any associations. In women, L-carnitine was positively associated with max-IMT and PS. TMAO was correlated with both EPA and DHA levels, implying that fish is a major dietary source of TMAO in Japanese people. Our study found that plasma TMAO was not an apparent risk factor for atherosclerosis in elderly Japanese people, whereas a low level of TML might be a potential risk. L-carnitine may be a marker for atherosclerosis in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jubo Bhuiya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Notsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Metabolizumo Project, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Abu Zaffar Shibly
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Abdullah Md. Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Okazaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Metabolizumo Project, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamasaki
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shozo Yano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City 693-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-0853-20-2312; Fax: +81-0853-20-2409
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Current nutritional guidelines in terms of the effect on gut microbiota and human health considering the WHO and FAO recommendations. CZECH JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.17221/186/2022-cjfs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
37
|
Are We What We Eat? The Moral Imperative of the Medical Profession to Promote Plant-Based Nutrition. Am J Cardiol 2023; 188:15-21. [PMID: 36446227 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The typical Western diet, high in processed and animal-based foods, is nutritionally and ethically problematic. Beyond the well-documented cruelty to animals that characterizes the practices of the factory-farming industry, current patterns of meat consumption contribute to medical and moral harm in humans on both an individual level and a public health scale. We aim to deconstruct, by highlighting their fallacies, the common positive and normative arguments that are used to defend current nutritional patterns. Animal-based foods promote the mechanisms that underlie chronic cardiometabolic disease, whereas whole-food plant-based nutrition can reverse them. Factory farming of animals also contributes to climate change, antibiotic resistance, and the spread of infectious diseases. Finally, the current allocation of nutritional resources in the United States is unjust. A societal shift toward more whole-food plant-based patterns of eating stands to provide significant health benefits and ethical advantages, and the medical profession has a duty to advocate accordingly. Although it remains important for individuals to make better food choices to promote their own health, personal responsibility is predicated on sound advice and on resource equity, including the availability of healthy options. Nutrition equity is a moral imperative and should be a top priority in the promotion of public health.
Collapse
|
38
|
The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Trimethylamine Oxide in Atherosclerosis and Age-Related Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032399. [PMID: 36768722 PMCID: PMC9917289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a major role in human health, and gut microbial imbalance or dysbiosis is associated with disease development. Modulation in the gut microbiome can be used to treat or prevent different diseases. Gut dysbiosis increases with aging, and it has been associated with the impairment of gut barrier function leading to the leakage of harmful metabolites such as trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is a gut metabolite resulting from dietary amines that originate from animal-based foods. TMA enters the portal circulation and is oxidized by the hepatic enzyme into trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Increased TMAO levels have been reported in elderly people. High TMAO levels are linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD), endothelial senescence, and vascular aging. Emerging evidence showed the beneficial role of probiotics and prebiotics in the management of several atherogenic risk factors through the remodeling of the gut microbiota, thus leading to a reduction in TMAO levels and atherosclerotic lesions. Despite the promising outcomes in different studies, the definite mechanisms of gut dysbiosis and microbiota-derived TMAO involved in atherosclerosis remain not fully understood. More studies are still required to focus on the molecular mechanisms and precise treatments targeting gut microbiota and leading to atheroprotective effects.
Collapse
|
39
|
Tacconi E, Palma G, De Biase D, Luciano A, Barbieri M, de Nigris F, Bruzzese F. Microbiota Effect on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production: From Cancer to Fitness-A Practical Preventing Recommendation and Therapies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030563. [PMID: 36771270 PMCID: PMC9920414 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for its close interactions with gut microbiota and implications for gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. The culprits in the origin of these pathologies may be food sources, in particular, high fat meat, offal, egg yolk, whole dairy products, and fatty fish, but intercalated between these food sources and the production of pro-inflammatory TMAO, the composition of gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating this process. The aim of this review is to explain how the gut microbiota interacts with the conversion of specific compounds into TMA and its oxidation to TMAO. We will first cover the correlation between TMAO and various pathologies such as dysbiosis, then focus on cardiovascular disease, with a particular emphasis on pro-atherogenic factors, and then on systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we will discuss primary prevention and therapies that are or may become possible. Possible treatments include modulation of the gut microbiota species with diets, physical activity and supplements, and administration of drugs, such as metformin and aspirin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Tacconi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Barbieri
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ghadiri M, Cheshmazar E, Shateri Z, Gerami S, Nouri M, Gargari BP. Healthy plant-based diet index as a determinant of bone mineral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: A case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1083685. [PMID: 36712516 PMCID: PMC9879057 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1083685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between plant-based diet indices and bone mineral density (BMD) of women with osteoporosis have not been studied in Iranian women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between plant-based diet indices and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Materials and methods The present research was a case-control study conducted on 131 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis/osteopenia and 131 healthy women. The BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae was measured by the Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA) method. Participants were asked to complete a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We used three versions of plant-based diet indices, including plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Two different multivariable logistic regression was used for the crude and adjusted model to assess the relationship between PDI, hPDI, and uPDI with odds of femoral and lumbar BMD. Results There was a reverse association between last tertile of hPDI with femoral BMD abnormality in the both adjusted model [Model 1: odds ratio (OR): 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.63 and Model 2: OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15-0.58, respectively]. Furthermore, we found a reverse relationship between hPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality in the first adjusted model (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.67). On the other hand, a negative association was observed in the second and last tertile of hPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24-0.90 and OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17-0.64, respectively). According to the results, the association of femoral BMD abnormality in the last tertile of uPDI compared to the first tertile in the both adjusted models (Model 1: OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.52-5.36 and Model 2: OR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.37-5.06) were significant. Also, we observed a positive relationship between the last tertile of uPDI with lumbar BMD abnormality compared to the lowest tertile in the both adjusted models (Model 1; OR: 4.16; 95% CI: 2.20-7.85, Model 2; OR: 4.23; 95% CI: 2.19-8.19). Conclusion Overall, the findings indicated that in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, a healthy plant-based diet could prevent bone loss, and an unhealthy plant-based diet might have detrimental effects on BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghadiri
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elhameh Cheshmazar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Gerami
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Mehran Nouri,
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,*Correspondence: Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, ,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Evans JE, Hazen SL, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Age and APOE affect L-carnitine system metabolites in the brain in the APOE-TR model. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1059017. [PMID: 36688151 PMCID: PMC9853982 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1059017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With age the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele (involved in lipid homeostasis) is associated with perturbation of bioenergetics pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore hypothesized that in aging mice APOE genotype would affect the L-carnitine system (central to lipid bioenergetics), in the brain and in the periphery. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, levels of L-carnitine and associated metabolites: γ-butyrobetaine (GBB), crotonobetaine, as well as acylcarnitines, were evaluated at 10-, 25-, and 50-weeks, in the brain and the periphery, in a targeted replacement mouse model of human APOE (APOE-TR). Aged APOE-TR mice were also orally administered 125 mg/kg of L-carnitine daily for 7 days followed by evaluation of brain, liver, and plasma L-carnitine system metabolites. Compared to E4-TR, an age-dependent increase among E2- and E3-TR mice was detected for medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines (MCA and LCA, respectively) within the cerebrovasculature and brain parenchyma. While following L-carnitine oral challenge, E4-TR mice had higher increases in the L-carnitine metabolites, GBB and crotonobetaine in the brain and a reduction of plasma to brain total acylcarnitine ratios compared to other genotypes. These studies suggest that with aging, the presence of the E4 allele may contribute to alterations in the L-carnitine bioenergetic system and to the generation of L-carnitine metabolites that could have detrimental effects on the vascular system. Collectively the E4 allele and aging may therefore contribute to AD pathogenesis through aging-related lipid bioenergetics as well as cerebrovascular dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. C. Huguenard
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Cseresznye
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James E. Evans
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael Mullan
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Department of Metabolomics, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Guan X, Sun Z. The Role of Intestinal Flora and Its Metabolites in Heart Failure. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:51-64. [PMID: 36636378 PMCID: PMC9830706 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s390582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora is a complex collection of microbial communities that participate in the physiological and pathological activities of the human body through various pathways. In recent years, numerous studies have reported that intestinal flora are involved in the occurrence and development of heart failure (HF) and its metabolic products could play an important role in this progression, suggesting a great value in the clinical treatment of this condition. This study reported the interaction between intestinal flora and HF, and with intestinal flora metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide and bile acids and urotoxins, considered as the starting point, the mechanism of the roles in HF was summarized. Additionally, the current research status and the development prospects of applying flora and metabolites to the clinical therapeutic decision of HF were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhijun Sun, Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital, No. 39 of Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18940251218, Fax +86 18940251218, Email
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhen J, Zhou Z, He M, Han HX, Lv EH, Wen PB, Liu X, Wang YT, Cai XC, Tian JQ, Zhang MY, Xiao L, Kang XX. The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085041. [PMID: 36824355 PMCID: PMC9941174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide. Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related to intestinal microecology. Imbalances in intestinal microecology caused by changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota will eventually alter intestinal metabolites, thus transforming the host physiological state from healthy mode to pathological mode. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine by intestinal microbiota, and many studies have shown that this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and promotes atherosclerosis. TMAO is directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs and is an important risk factor affecting the occurrence and even prognosis of CVDs. This review presents the biological and chemical characteristics of TMAO, and the process of TMAO produced by gut microbiota. In particular, the review focuses on summarizing how the increase of gut microbial metabolite TMAO affects CVDs including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and other CVD-related diseases. Understanding the mechanism of how increases in TMAO promotes CVDs will potentially facilitate the identification and development of targeted therapy for CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - En-Hui Lv
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun-Chao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qi Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
| | - Xing-Xing Kang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu M, Shi W, Huang Y, Wu Y, Wu K. Intestinal flora: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine to improve lipid metabolism disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134430. [PMID: 36937840 PMCID: PMC10014879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) can cause a series of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Its development is caused by more pathogenic factors, among which intestinal flora dysbiosis is considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of LMD. In recent years, the research on intestinal flora has made great progress, opening up new perspectives on the occurrence and therapeutic effects of diseases. With its complex composition and wide range of targets, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat LMD. This review takes intestinal flora as a target, elaborates on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of LMD, updates the therapeutic thinking of LMD, and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yefang Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeke Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keming Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Evans JE, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Keegan AP, Luis C, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Yassine HN, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. APOE ε4 and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis associated differences in L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines in blood and brain. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103362. [PMID: 36436355 PMCID: PMC10066735 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined the influence of APOE genotypes on blood and brain markers of the L-carnitine system, necessary for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and their collective influence on the clinical and pathological outcomes of AD. METHODS L-carnitine, its metabolites γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), and its esters (acylcarnitines) were analyzed in blood from predominantly White community/clinic-based individuals (n = 372) and in plasma and brain from the Religious Order Study (ROS) (n = 79) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). FINDINGS Relative to total blood acylcarnitines, levels of short chain acylcarnitines (SCAs) were higher whereas long chain acylcarnitines (LCAs) were lower in AD, which was observed pre-clinically in APOE ε4s. Plasma medium chain acylcarnitines (MCAs) were higher amongst cognitively healthy APOE ε2 carriers relative to other genotypes. Compared to their respective controls, elevated TMAO and lower L-carnitine and GBB were associated with AD clinical diagnosis and these differences were detected preclinically among APOE ε4 carriers. Plasma and brain GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines were also associated with post-mortem brain amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular pathologies. INTERPRETATION Alterations in blood L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines occur early in clinical AD progression and are influenced by APOE genotype. These changes correlate with post-mortem brain AD and cerebrovascular pathologies. Additional studies are required to better understand the role of the FAO disturbances in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire J C Huguenard
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Luis
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245361. [PMID: 36558520 PMCID: PMC9788597 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, the host-microbiota interface has gained relevance in understanding the development of many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Importantly, dietary fibre (DF) and associated compounds digested by the microbiota and their resulting metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were significantly associated with health beneficial effects, such as via proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, SCFA metabolic pathways are not fully understood. Major steps include production of SCFA by microbiota, uptake in the colonic epithelium, first-pass effects at the liver, followed by biodistribution and metabolism at the host's cellular level. As dietary patterns do not affect all individuals equally, the host genetic makeup may play a role in the metabolic fate of these metabolites, in addition to other factors that might influence the microbiota, such as age, birth through caesarean, medication intake, alcohol and tobacco consumption, pathogen exposure and physical activity. In this article, we review the metabolic pathways of DF, from intake to the intracellular metabolism of fibre-derived products, and identify possible sources of inter-individual variability related to genetic variation. Such variability may be indicative of the phenotypic flexibility in response to diet, and may be predictive of long-term adaptations to dietary factors, including maladaptation and tissue damage, which may develop into disease in individuals with specific predispositions, thus allowing for a better prediction of potential health effects following personalized intervention with DF.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lu J, Jin X, Yang S, Li Y, Wang X, Wu M. Immune mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1034537. [PMID: 36590426 PMCID: PMC9794627 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1034537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with unusual changes in the human gut microbiota, most commonly coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Immune mechanisms maintain a dynamic balance between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. When one side changes and the balance is disrupted, different degrees of damage are inflicted on the host and a diseased state gradually develops over time. This review summarizes the immune mechanism of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence of common CVDs, discusses the relationship between gut-heart axis dysfunction and the progression of CVD, and lists the currently effective methods of regulating the gut microbiota for the treatment of CVDs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wei H, Zhao M, Wu J, Li C, Huang M, Gao J, Zhang Q, Ji L, Wang Y, Zhao C, Dong E, Zheng L, Wang DW. Association of Systemic Trimethyllysine With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Cardiovascular Events. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4360-e4370. [PMID: 36062477 PMCID: PMC9693784 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Carnitine has been associated with cardiac energy metabolism and heart failure, but the association between its precursors-trimethyllysine (TML) and γ-butyrobetaine (GBB)-and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between TML-related metabolites and HFpEF in an Asian population. METHODS The cross-sectional component of this study examined the association between plasma TML-related metabolites and HFpEF, while a prospective cohort design was applied to examine the association with incident cardiovascular events in HFpEF. Included in the study were 1000 individuals who did not have heart failure (non-HF) and 1413 patients with HFpEF. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to assess plasma carnitine, GBB, TML and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations. RESULTS Plasma GBB and TML were both elevated in patients with HFpEF. After adjusting for traditional risk factors and renal function, TML, but not GBB, was significantly associated with HFpEF. The odds ratio (OR) for the fourth vs first quartile of TML was 1.57 (95% CI 1.09-2.27; P-trend < .01). The OR for each SD increment of log-TML was 1.26 (95% CI 1.08-1.47). Plasma TMAO (P-interaction = 0.024) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P-interaction = 0.024) modified the TML-HFpEF association. The addition of TML improved the diagnostic value under the multivariable model. In the prospective study of patients with HFpEF, higher plasma TML was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Plasma TML concentrations are positively associated with HFpEF, and higher plasma TML indicates increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junfang Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Correspondence: Dao Wen Wang, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, PRC. ; or Lemin Zheng, PhD, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Correspondence: Dao Wen Wang, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, PRC. ; or Lemin Zheng, PhD, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gut Microbiota Host-Gene Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213717. [PMID: 36430197 PMCID: PMC9698405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies carried out in the last ten years have shown that the metabolites made up from the gut microbiota are essential for multiple functions, such as the correct development of the immune system of newborns, interception of pathogens, and nutritional enrichment of the diet. Therefore, it is not surprising that alteration of the gut microbiota is the starting point of gastrointestinal infection, obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Diet changes and antibiotics are the major factors damaging the gut microbiota. Early exposure of the newborns to antibiotics may prevent their correct development of the immune system, exposing them to pathogen infections, allergies, and chronic inflammatory diseases. We already know much on how host genes, microbiota, and the environment interact, owing to experiments in several model animals, especially in mice; advances in molecular technology; microbiota transplantation; and comparative metagenomic analysis. However, much more remains to be known. Longitudinal studies on patients undergoing to therapy, along with the identification of bacteria prevalent in responding patients may provide valuable data for improving therapies.
Collapse
|
50
|
France TL, Myers WA, Javaid A, Frost IR, McFadden JW. Changes in plasma and milk choline metabolite concentrations in response to the provision of various rumen-protected choline prototypes in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9509-9522. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|