1
|
Slobodianyk-Kolomoiets M, Khlebas S, Mazur I, Rudnieva K, Potochilova V, Iungin O, Kamyshnyi O, Kamyshna I, Potters G, Spiers AJ, Moshynets O. Extracellular host DNA contributes to pathogenic biofilm formation during periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374817. [PMID: 38779563 PMCID: PMC11109387 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal diseases are known to be associated with polymicrobial biofilms and inflammasome activation. A deeper understanding of the subgingival cytological (micro) landscape, the role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) during periodontitis, and contribution of the host immune eDNA to inflammasome persistence, may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlaying severe forms of periodontitis. Methods In this work, subgingival biolfilms developing on biologically neutral polyethylene terephthalate films placed in gingival cavities of patients with chronic periodontitis were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This allowed examination of realistic cytological landscapes and visualization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) including amyloids, total proteins, carbohydrates and eDNA, as well as comparison with several single-strain in vitro model biofilms produced by oral pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus gordonii, S. sanguinis and S. mitis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was also used to identify eDNA derived from eubacteria, streptococci and members of the Bacteroides-Porphyromonas-Prevotella (BPP) group associated with periodontitis. Results Analysis of subgingival biofilm EPS revealed low levels of amyloids and high levels of eDNA which appears to be the main matrix component. However, bacterial eDNA contributed less than a third of the total eDNA observed, suggesting that host-derived eDNA released in neutrophil extracellular traps may be of more importance in the development of biofilms causing periodontitis. Discussion eDNA derived from host immunocompetent cells activated at the onset of periodontitis may therefore be a major driver of bacterial persistence and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Svitlana Khlebas
- Department of Dentistry, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Mazur
- Department of Dentistry, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Rudnieva
- Central Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Bogomolets National Medical Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Olga Iungin
- Biofilm Study Group, Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Biotechnology, Leather and Fur, Faculty of Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Technologies, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Kamyshnyi
- Microbiology, Virology and Immunology Department, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Kamyshna
- Microbiology, Virology and Immunology Department, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Geert Potters
- Antwerp Maritime Academy, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrew J. Spiers
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Moshynets
- Biofilm Study Group, Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kinane DF, Lappin DF, Culshaw S. The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38641953 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co-authors. The topic is relatively intense and is thus broken down into sections outlined below, tackled as descriptive narratives to enhance understanding. Any attempt at a systematic or scoping review was quickly abandoned given the descriptive nature and marked variation of approach in almost all publications. Even the most uniform area of this acquired periodontal immunology literature, antibody responses to putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, falls short of common structures and common primary outcome variables one would need and expect in clinical studies, where randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) abound. Addressing 'the host's role' in immunity immediately requires a discussion of host susceptibility, which necessitates consideration of genetic studies (covered elsewhere in the volume and superficially covered here).
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen Z, Zhang R, Huang Y, Chen J, Yu M, Li C, Zhang Y, Chen L, Huang X, Yang J, Lin Z, Wang S, Cheng B. The spatial transcriptomic landscape of human gingiva in health and periodontitis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:720-732. [PMID: 38172357 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The gingiva is a key oral barrier that protects oral tissues from various stimuli. A loss of gingival tissue homeostasis causes periodontitis, one of the most prevalent inflammatory diseases in humans. The human gingiva exists as a complex cell network comprising specialized structures. To understand the tissue-specific pathophysiology of the gingiva, we applied a recently developed spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq) technique to obtain a spatial transcriptome (ST) atlas of the gingiva in healthy individuals and periodontitis patients. By utilizing Stereo-seq, we identified the major cell types present in the gingiva, which included epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as subgroups of epithelial cells and immune cells. We further observed that inflammation-related signalling pathways, such as the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling pathways, were significantly upregulated in the endothelial cells of the gingiva of periodontitis patients compared with those of healthy individuals. Additionally, we characterized the spatial distribution of periodontitis risk genes in the gingiva and found that the expression of IFI16 was significantly increased in endothelial cells of inflamed gingiva. In conclusion, our Stereo-seq findings may facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for periodontitis by mapping periodontitis-relevant genes and pathways and effector cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongshan Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100050, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunjia Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Mengjun Yu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Jichen Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakagawa K, Watanabe K, Mizutani K, Takeda K, Takemura S, Sakaniwa E, Mikami R, Kido D, Saito N, Kominato H, Hattori A, Iwata T. Genetic analysis of impaired healing responses after periodontal therapy in type 2 diabetes: Clinical and in vivo studies. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38501307 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the impaired healing response by diabetes after periodontal therapy. BACKGROUND Outcomes of periodontal therapy in patients with diabetes are impaired compared with those in patients without diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying impaired healing response to periodontal therapy have not been sufficiently investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean (ZL) rats underwent experimental periodontitis by ligating the mandibular molars for one week. The gingiva at the ligated sites was harvested one day after ligature removal, and gene expression was comprehensively analyzed using RNA-Seq. In patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D), the corresponding gene expression was quantified in the gingiva of the shallow sulcus and residual periodontal pocket after non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS Ligation-induced bone resorption and its recovery after ligature removal were significantly impaired in the ZDF group than in the ZL group. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed 252 differentially expressed genes. Pathway analysis demonstrated the enrichment of downregulated genes involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. PPARα and PPARγ were decreased in mRNA level and immunohistochemistry in the ZDF group than in the ZL group. In clinical, probing depth reduction was significantly less in the T2D group than control. Significantly downregulated expression of PPARα and PPARγ were detected in the residual periodontal pocket of the T2D group compared with those of the control group, but not in the shallow sulcus between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Downregulated PPAR subtypes expression may involve the impaired healing of periodontal tissues by diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nakagawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Takemura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakaniwa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kido
- Department of General Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kominato
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmad P, Siqueira WL. Polymorphism of salivary proteins and risk of periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. J Dent 2024; 141:104804. [PMID: 38122885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between salivary protein polymorphisms and the risk of periodontal diseases (PD). DATA The review incorporated cross-sectional, case-control, retrospective/prospective cohort, and randomized controlled trials assessing the influence of salivary protein polymorphisms on the risk of PD development were included in this review. SOURCES A thorough literature search was conducted across electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, without any restrictions on publication language and year. STUDY SELECTION A total of 168 studies were identified, of which 19 were eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias (RoB) assessment of the included studies was conducted at the methodological level. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included. Polymorphism in the gene encoding TNF-α was found to be protective against gingivitis, while those encoding IL-1α and IL-1β were associated with developing gingivitis. Of the 42 proteins investigated, various gene polymorphisms were identified as protective or risk factors for periodontitis. Protective genes include CFH, DNMT1, OPRM1, and TLR9. Conversely, certain salivary protein genes (e.g., CRP, ERN1, FAM5C, IDH2, LTA, TET2, MPA, NLRP3, TLR4) were associated with periodontitis risk. Notably, IL6, MMP9, and MUC7 genes showed no association with PD, while MMP13 was linked to early implant loss. Overall, the meta-analysis found a statistically significant association between salivary proteins' polymorphisms and risk of PD. CONCLUSIONS Salivary protein polymorphisms significantly influence PD, revealing protective and risk-associated genotypes. Despite limitations, findings suggest therapeutic targets, emphasizing the complex genetics-periodontal health interplay. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study unveils salivary protein polymorphisms as pivotal factors in PD. Protective genes including CFH and TLR9, and risk-associated genes including CRP and TLR4, indicate a genetic basis for PD susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N E5E, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Walter Luiz Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N E5E, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ebersole JL, Kirakodu SS, Nguyen LM, Gonzalez OA. Periodontitis-resistant and -susceptible matriline regulation of gingival transcriptome in nonhuman primates. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1171-1187. [PMID: 37638662 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This report identified if gingival gene expression transcriptomes demonstrated unique profiles that discriminated periodontitis-susceptible (PDS) and periodontitis-resistant (PDR) animals in health and disease. BACKGROUND Nonhuman primates generally organize their social groups based upon matriline origin. We have used a multi-generational colony of rhesus macaques to identify matrilines presenting with significant differences in periodontitis (e.g., earlier age onset, greater prevalence, and severity). METHODS Animals from 12 to 23 years of age (n = 17; 8 - PDR, 9 - PDS) were entered into a ligature-induced periodontitis trial. Gingival biopsies were taken at baseline and 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 months post-ligation, and microarray analysis was used to quantify gene expression in samples at each time point. RESULTS Over 1000 genes showed significant (p < .01) differences in the PDR versus PDS animals at baseline. The frequency of differences generally decreased during the disease process, and increased with resolution (i.e., 5 months). A nearly 2:1 ratio of elevated gene levels was noted in baseline PDR samples that included up-regulated MMPs, Fc receptors, chemokines, interleukins, and innate immune receptors, and down-regulated genes particularly related to epithelial biology. Most dramatically, there was a skewed differential expression of adaptive immune response genes in the PDR and epithelial cell structure/function genes in PDS samples. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate substantive differences in gingival tissue response capacity/programming in PDR and PDS samples that may contribute to the differences in clinical outcomes related to the heritability of disease risk through matrilines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - S S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - L M Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Canaan JCDR, Canaan MM, Costa PD, Pereira MDA, Castelo PM, Pardi V, Murata RM, Pereira LJ. Food preferences and periodontal status of adults assisted by a public health care system. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291878. [PMID: 37851692 PMCID: PMC10584113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food choices and periodontal health status (PHS) in adults who receive care through a public health system. We evaluated food preferences and periodontal status in a sample of 442 individuals with at least eight natural teeth. We employed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess food choices and the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) instrument to evaluate periodontal health status during clinical appointments. Fisher's discriminant analysis was used to differentiate the participants according to PHS severity within three age-ranges (18-39; 40-59 and > 60 years-old). The results showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity was high in all age groups (above 65%), and BMI increased with age, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. A lower preference for natural foods and a higher intake of processed and ultra-processed foods, along with a high waist circumference and diabetes, were associated with a poorer periodontal health status. In the 18-39 age group, a lower waist circumference was associated with healthier periodontal status. In the 40-59 age group, a worse periodontal status resulted from a higher frequency of diabetes, lower intake of green leafy vegetables, olive oil, and fruit, and higher intake of industrialized juice. Conversely, a healthier periodontal status was associated with a lower frequency of diabetes and higher intake of fruit and vegetables. In the > 60age group, the worst periodontal status was associated with male sex. Overall, the study highlights the possible beneficial role of a healthy diet in maintaining periodontal health, particularly for those who receive care through a public health system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Martins Canaan
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Daniela Costa
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vignon M, Bastide A, Attina A, David A, Bousquet P, Orti V, Vialaret J, Lehmann S, Periere DD, Hirtz C. Multiplexed LC-MS/MS quantification of salivary RNA modifications in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:959-967. [PMID: 37349891 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the salivary epitranscriptomic profiles as periodontitis biomarkers using multiplexed mass spectrometry (MS). BACKGROUND The field of epitranscriptomics, which relates to RNA chemical modifications, opens new perspectives in the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers, especially in periodontitis. Recently, the modified ribonucleoside N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was revealed as a crucial player in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. However, no epitranscriptomic biomarker has been identified in saliva to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four saliva samples were collected from periodontitis patients (n = 16) and from control subjects (n = 8). Periodontitis patients were stratified according to stage and grade. Salivary nucleosides were directly extracted and, in parallel, salivary RNA was digested into its constituent nucleosides. Nucleoside samples were then quantified by multiplexed MS. RESULTS Twenty-seven free nucleosides were detected and an overlapping set of 12 nucleotides were detected in digested RNA. Among the free nucleosides, cytidine and three other modified nucleosides (inosine, queuosine and m6Am) were significantly altered in periodontitis patients. In digested RNA, only uridine was significantly higher in periodontitis patients. Importantly there was no correlation between free salivary nucleoside levels and the levels of those same nucleotides in digested salivary RNA, except for cytidine, m5C and uridine. This statement implies that the two detection methods are complementary. CONCLUSION The high specificity and sensitivity of MS allowed the detection and quantification of multiple nucleosides from RNA and free nucleosides in saliva. Some ribonucleosides appear to be promising biomarkers of periodontitis. Our analytic pipeline opens new perspectives for diagnostic periodontitis biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Vignon
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Aurore Attina
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Bousquet
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Orti
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Vialaret
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christophe Hirtz
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INM INSERM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silva L, Divaris K, Bugge T, Moutsopoulos N. Plasmin-Mediated Fibrinolysis in Periodontitis Pathogenesis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:972-978. [PMID: 37506226 PMCID: PMC10477773 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231171837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemostatic and inflammatory systems work hand in hand to maintain homeostasis at mucosal barrier sites. Among the factors of the hemostatic system, fibrin is well recognized for its role in mucosal homeostasis, wound healing, and inflammation. Here, we present a basic overview of the fibrinolytic system, discuss fibrin as an innate immune regulator, and provide recent work uncovering the role of fibrin-neutrophil activation as a regulator of mucosal/periodontal homeostasis. We reason that the role of fibrin in periodontitis becomes most evident in individuals with the Mendelian genetic defect, congenital plasminogen (PLG) deficiency, who are predisposed to severe periodontitis in childhood due to a defect in fibrinolysis. Consistent with plasminogen deficiency being a risk factor for periodontitis, recent genomics studies uncover genetic polymorphisms in PLG, encoding plasminogen, being significantly associated with periodontal disease, and suggesting PLG variants as candidate risk indicators for common forms of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L.M. Silva
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T.H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N.M. Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laberge S, Akoum D, Wlodarczyk P, Massé JD, Fournier D, Semlali A. The Potential Role of Epigenetic Modifications on Different Facets in the Periodontal Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1202. [PMID: 37372382 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. In the literature, the association between the pathogenicity of bacteria and environmental factors in this regard have been extensively examined. In the present study, we will shed light on the potential role that epigenetic change can play on different facets of its process, more particularly the modifications concerning the genes involved in inflammation, defense, and immune systems. Since the 1960s, the role of genetic variants in the onset and severity of periodontal disease has been widely demonstrated. These make some people more susceptible to developing it than others. It has been documented that the wide variation in its frequency for various racial and ethnic populations is due primarily to the complex interplay among genetic factors with those affecting the environment and the demography. In molecular biology, epigenetic modifications are defined as any change in the promoter for the CpG islands, in the structure of the histone protein, as well as post-translational regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), being known to contribute to the alteration in gene expression for complex multifactorial diseases such as periodontitis. The key role of epigenetic modification is to understand the mechanism involved in the gene-environment interaction, and the development of periodontitis is now the subject of more and more studies that attempt to identify which factors are stimulating it, but also affect the reduced response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laberge
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Akoum
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Piotr Wlodarczyk
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Massé
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sitompul SI, Pikir BS, Kencono Wungu CD, Supandi SK, Sinta ME. Analysis of the Effects of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C Gene Polymorphisms; IL-6 Levels; and CRP Levels on Chronic Periodontitis in Coronary Artery Disease in Indonesia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051073. [PMID: 37239434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) play an important role in chronic periodontitis with coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic factors can affect a person's risk of CAD, which affects one-third of the population. This study investigated the role of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms. IL-6 and CRP levels on the severity of periodontitis in CAD in Indonesia were also evaluated. This case-control study was conducted with mild and moderate-severe chronic periodontitis groups. A path analysis test was conducted with Smart PLS with a 95% confidence interval to determine the significant variable for chronic periodontitis. Our study revealed that the effects of IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms on IL-6 levels and CRP levels were not significant. IL-6 and CRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups. We found that IL-6 levels had a significant effect on CRP levels in periodontitis patients with CAD (path coefficient 0.322, p = 0.003). IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C gene polymorphisms had no effect on the severity of chronic periodontitis in CAD patients in the Indonesian population. We also observed no apparent effects of the influence of gene polymorphisms in IL-6 -572 C/G, CRP -757 A/G, and CRP -717 T/C genes. Although the IL-6 and CRP levels were not significantly different between the two groups, IL-6 levels affected CRP levels in periodontitis patients with CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanggap Indra Sitompul
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Medical Staff Group of Cardiology, Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangka Raya 73111, Indonesia
| | - Budi Susetyo Pikir
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Shafira Kurnia Supandi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Woelber JP, Reichenbächer K, Groß T, Vach K, Ratka-Krüger P, Bartha V. Dietary and Nutraceutical Interventions as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061538. [PMID: 36986267 PMCID: PMC10052653 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review on the influence of dietary and nutraceutical interventions as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). A literature search for randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. Trial inclusion criteria included the application of a defined nutritional intervention (food, beverages, or supplements) adjunctive to NSPT compared to NSPT alone with at least one measured periodontal parameter (pocket probing depths (PPD) or clinical attachment level (CAL)). Of 462 search results, 20 clinical trials relating to periodontitis and nutritional interventions were identified, of which, in total, 14 studies could be included. Eleven studies examined supplements containing lycopene, folate, chicory extract, juice powder, micronutrients and plant extracts, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, or vitamin D. Three studies examined food-based interventions (kiwifruit, green or oolong tea). Due to limited information on within-group differences in the studies, results were descriptively analyzed. A significant positive effect on periodontal parameters (PPD, bleeding on probing) was found for vitamin E, chicory extract, juice powder, green tea, and oolong tea. Heterogeneous effects were found for lycopene, folate, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. No effects on PPD were found for adjunct kiwifruit (in combination with NSPT). Risk of bias via RoB2 revealed a low risk of bias with some concerns. There was a high heterogeneity in the type of nutritional interventions. The adjunctive use of various supplements and green/oolong tea led to positive and significant effects of the nutritional interventions on clinical periodontal outcome parameters. In the context of non-surgical periodontal therapy, an adjunctive intake of micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, green/oolong tea, and polyphenols and flavonoids could be beneficial. Long-term clinical studies with full data reports (especially within-group differences) are needed for conducting a meta-analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Peter Woelber
- Department for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 75, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Reichenbächer
- Department for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 75, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tara Groß
- Department for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 75, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Zinkmattenstr. 6A, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ratka-Krüger
- Department for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 75, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Bartha
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065231. [PMID: 36982305 PMCID: PMC10048844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a complex and infectious illness that begins with a disruption of bacterial homeostasis. This disease induces a host inflammatory response, leading to damage of the soft and connective tooth-supporting tissues. Moreover, in advanced cases, it can contribute to tooth loss. The aetiological factors of PDs have been widely researched, but the pathogenesis of PD has still not been totally clarified. There are a number of factors that have an effect on the aetiology and pathogenesis of PD. It is purported that microbiological, genetic susceptibility and lifestyle can determine the development and severity of the disease. The human body’s defence response to the accumulation of plaque and its enzymes is known to be a major factor for PD. The oral cavity is colonised by a characteristic and complex microbiota that grows as diverse biofilms on all mucosal and dental surfaces. The aim of this review was to provide the latest updates in the literature regarding still-existing problems with PD and to highlight the role of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Better awareness and knowledge of the causes of dysbiosis, environmental risk factors and periodontal therapy can reduce the growing worldwide prevalence of PDs. The promotion of good oral hygiene, limiting smoking, alcohol consumption and exposure to stress and comprehensive treatment to decrease the pathogenicity of oral biofilm can help reduce PD as well as other diseases. Evidence linking disorders of the oral microbiome to various systemic diseases has increased the understanding of the importance of the oral microbiome in regulating many processes in the human body and, thus, its impact on the development of many diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Del Pinto R, Landi L, Grassi G, Marco Sforza N, Cairo F, Citterio F, Paolantoni G, D'aiuto F, Ferri C, Monaco A, Pietropaoli D. Hypertension and periodontitis: A joint report by the Italian society of hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian society of periodontology and implantology (SIdP). Oral Dis 2023; 29:803-814. [PMID: 34561934 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation. This joint report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy-Per Group) provides a review of the evidence on this topic encompassing epidemiology, biological plausibility, relevance, magnitude, and treatment management. Consensus recommendations are provided for health professionals on how to manage BP in individuals showing signs of poor oral health. In summary, (1) large epidemiological studies highlight that individuals with periodontal diseases have increased risk for high/uncontrolled BP independent of confounders; (2) mechanistically, low-grade inflammation might have a causal role in the association; (3) BP profile and control might benefit from periodontal treatment in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals; (4) oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for high/uncontrolled BP, and effective oral care should be included as an adjunct lifestyle measure during hypertension management. Further research is needed to optimize BP management in individuals with poor oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cairo
- Research Unit in Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesco D'aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Caetano AJ, Redhead Y, Karim F, Dhami P, Kannambath S, Nuamah R, Volponi AA, Nibali L, Booth V, D'Agostino EM, Sharpe PT. Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals pro-inflammatory fibroblast involved in lymphocyte recruitment through CXCL8 and CXCL10. eLife 2023; 12:81525. [PMID: 36648332 PMCID: PMC9897724 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay among different cells in a tissue is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Although disease states have been traditionally attributed to individual cell types, increasing evidence and new therapeutic options have demonstrated the primary role of multicellular functions to understand health and disease, opening new avenues to understand pathogenesis and develop new treatment strategies. We recently described the cellular composition and dynamics of the human oral mucosa; however, the spatial arrangement of cells is needed to better understand a morphologically complex tissue. Here, we link single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and high-resolution multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridisation to characterise human oral mucosa in health and oral chronic inflammatory disease. We deconvolved expression for resolution enhancement of spatial transcriptomic data and defined highly specialised epithelial and stromal compartments describing location-specific immune programs. Furthermore, we spatially mapped a rare pathogenic fibroblast population localised in a highly immunogenic region, responsible for lymphocyte recruitment through CXCL8 and CXCL10 and with a possible role in pathological angiogenesis through ALOX5AP. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive reference for the study of oral chronic disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Caetano
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yushi Redhead
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Farah Karim
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pawan Dhami
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosamond Nuamah
- NIHR BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London School of Medicine, Guy’s HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana A Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Veronica Booth
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsBrnoCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Genome- and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies Identify Susceptibility Genes and Pathways for Periodontitis. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010070. [PMID: 36611863 PMCID: PMC9818314 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genes associated with periodontitis have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS); however, known genes only explain a minority of the estimated heritability. We aimed to explore more susceptibility genes and the underlying mechanisms of periodontitis. Firstly, a genome-wide meta-analysis of 38,532 patients and 316,185 healthy controls was performed. Then, cross- and single-tissue transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) were conducted based on GWAS summary statistics and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Risk genes were evaluated to determine if they were differentially expressed in periodontitis sites compared with unaffected sites using public datasets. Finally, gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify the functional biology of the susceptible genes. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the introns of lncRNA LINC02141 approached genome-wide significance after meta-analysis. EZH1 was identified as a novel susceptibility gene for periodontitis by TWAS and was significantly upregulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. EZH1 co-expression genes were greatly enriched in the cell-substrate junction, focal adhesion and other important pathways. Our findings may offer a fundamental clue for comprehending the genetic mechanisms of periodontitis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lisboa RO, Sekula RF, Bezamat M, Deeley K, Santana-da-Silva LC, Vieira AR. Pain perception genes, asthma, and oral health: A reverse genetics study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277036. [PMID: 36395102 PMCID: PMC9671307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is an experience of a subjective nature, interpreted in a personal way and according to an extensive palette of factors unique to each individual. Orofacial pain can be acute or chronic and it is usually the main reason for the patient to seek dental care. Pain perception varies widely among individuals. This variability is considered a mosaic of factors, which include biopsychosocial factors and genetic factors. Understanding these differences can be extremely beneficial for pain management in a personalized and more efficient way. We performed association studies to investigate phenotypes associated with genetic markers in pain-related genes in two groups of patients who received more or less anesthesia during dental treatment. The study group was comprised of 1289 individuals participating in the Dental Registry and DNA Repository Project (DRDR) of the University of Pittsburgh, with 900 participants in the group that received the most anesthesia and 389 constituting the comparison group that received less anesthesia. We tested 58 phenotypes and genotypic data of seven SNPs in genes that are associated with pain perception, pain modulation and response to drugs used in pain treatment: COMT (rs4818 and rs6269), GCH1 (rs3783641), DRD2 (rs6276), OPRM1 (rs1799971), SCN9A (rs6746030) and SCN10A (rs6795970). The analysis revealed a protective effect of rs1799971 on asthma in the total sample. rs3783641 was associated with salivary secretion disorders in females who received more anesthesia. rs1799971 was also associated with periodontitis in Whites who received less anesthesia. rs4818 was associated with disease and other tongue conditions in the group composed of Blacks who received less anesthesia. In conclusion, our study implicated variants in pain-related genes in asthma and oral phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosany O. Lisboa
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Raymond F. Sekula
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mariana Bezamat
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Luiz Carlos Santana-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Divaris K, Haworth S, Shaffer J, Anttonen V, Beck J, Furuichi Y, Holtfreter B, Jönsson D, Kocher T, Levy S, Magnusson P, McNeil D, Michaëlsson K, North K, Palotie U, Papapanou P, Pussinen P, Porteous D, Reis K, Salminen A, Schaefer A, Sudo T, Sun Y, Suominen A, Tamahara T, Weinberg S, Lundberg P, Marazita M, Johansson I. Phenotype Harmonization in the GLIDE2 Oral Health Genomics Consortium. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1408-1416. [PMID: 36000800 PMCID: PMC9516613 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and "precision," data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface-level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public
Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings
School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - S. Haworth
- Medical Research Council Integrative
Epidemiology United, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical
School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of
Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J.R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental
Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V. Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu
University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J.D. Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral
Health–Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y. Furuichi
- Division of Endodontology and
Periodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry,
Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - B. Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry,
Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University
Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - D. Jönsson
- Public Dental Service of Skåne, Lund,
Sweden
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular
Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö,
Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Malmö
University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T. Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry,
Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University
Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S.M. Levy
- Department of Preventive and
Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
| | - P.K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology
and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D.W. McNeil
- Center for Oral Health Research in
Appalachia, Appalachia, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Dental Public Health
& Professional Practice, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - K. Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit
of Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K.E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings
School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - U. Palotie
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases,
University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P.N. Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of
Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University, College of Dental
Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P.J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases,
University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, School on
Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental
Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - K. Reis
- Institute of Genomics, University of
Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A. Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases,
University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology, Oral
Medicine and Oral Surgery, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences,
Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Sudo
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical
and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y.Q. Sun
- Center for Oral Health Services and
Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular
Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,
Norway
| | - A.L. Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, School on
Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, School on
Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial
Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Public Health Evaluation and
Projection Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki,
Finland
| | - T. Tamahara
- Department of Community Medical
Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan
| | - S.M. Weinberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental
Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P. Lundberg
- Department of Odontology, Section of
Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M.L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental
Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - I. Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Section of
Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nibali L, Gkranias N, Mainas G, Di Pino A. Periodontitis and implant complications in diabetes. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:88-105. [PMID: 35913467 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that periodontitis is more frequent in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus than in healthy controls, suggesting that it could be considered the "sixth complication" of diabetes. Actually, diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are two extraordinarily prevalent chronic diseases that share a number of comorbidities all converging toward an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Periodontal treatment has recently been shown to have the potential to improve the metabolic control of diabetes, although long-term studies are lacking. Uncontrolled diabetes also seems to affect the response to periodontal treatment, as well as the risk to develop peri-implant diseases. Mechanisms of associations between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease include the release of advanced glycation end products as a result of hyperglycemia and a range of shared predisposing factors of genetic, microbial, and lifestyle nature. This review discusses the evidence for the risk of periodontal and peri-implant disease in diabetic patients and the potential role of the dental professional in the diabetes-periodontal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Gkranias
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarkar P, Muthuraj TS, Bandyopadhyay P, Ghosh P. Matrix metalloproteinase-9-1562 C/T promoter gene polymorphism in chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional observational study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:348-352. [PMID: 35959301 PMCID: PMC9362816 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_80_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a major group of enzymes, released in inflamed periodontal tissues in large quantities, resulting in connective tissue matrix breakdown. One of the most predominant MMPs is MMP-9. Association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and MMP-9 gene polymorphism (GP) in some ethnic populations has been already established. The aim of the current study was to assess the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of MMP-9 gene with CP in Kolkata population, if any. Materials and Methods: Forty eligible individuals were recruited for the study and grouped as A and B: Group A (twenty periodontally healthy individuals) and Group B (twenty CP patients). Venous blood samples collected from all the forty individuals were used to isolate the genomic DNA. GP for MMP-9 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing method. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically. Results: A significantly different genotypic and allelic variation was observed in the control and test groups, with C/T genotype and T allele present in only CP group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that there was no significant association between patients with periodontitis and MMP-9-1562 C/T promoter GP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sarkar
- Dental Department, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Thamil Selvan Muthuraj
- Department of Periodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Periodontics, Burdwan Dental College and Hospital, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Papita Ghosh
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Polarization Profiles of T Lymphocytes and Macrophages Responses in Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:195-208. [PMID: 35612799 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of teeth triggered by the complex interactions between a dysbiotic bacterial biofilm and the host's immune response that results in the characteristic loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone. The differential phenotypic presentations of periodontitis emerge from inter-individual differences in immune response regulatory mechanisms. The monocyte-macrophage system has a crucial role in innate immunity and the initiation of the T and B lymphocyte adaptive immune responses. Macrophages involve a heterogeneous cell population that shows wide plasticity and differentiation dynamics. In response to the inflammatory milieu, they can skew at the time of TLR ligation to predominant M1 -pro-inflammatory- or M2 -anti-inflammatory/healing- functional phenotypes. The perpetuation of inflammation by M1 macrophages leads to the recruitment of the adaptive immune response, promoting Th1, Th17, and Th22 differentiation, which are directly associated with periodontal breakdown. In contrast, M2 macrophages induce Th2 and Treg responses which are associated with periodontal homeostasis. In this article, we review the recent advances comprising the role of macrophages and lymphocyte polarization profiles and their reprogramming as potential therapeutic strategies. For this purpose, we reviewed the available literature targeting periodontitis, macrophage, and lymphocyte subpopulations with an emphasis in the later 5 years. The active reprogramming of macrophages and lymphocytes polarization crosstalk opens a promising area for therapeutic development.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ebersole JL, Nguyen LM, Gonzalez OA. Gingival tissue antibody gene utilization in aging and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:780-798. [PMID: 35582846 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used a nonhuman primate model of ligature-induced periodontitis to document the characteristics of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene usage in gingival tissues with disease and affected by age. BACKGROUND Adaptive immune responses to an array of oral bacteria are routinely detected in local gingival tissues and the systemic circulation across the human population. The level and diversity of antibody increases with periodontitis, reflecting the increased quantity of B cells and plasmacytes in the tissues at sites of periodontal lesions. METHODS Macaca mulatta (n = 36) in four groups (young - ≤3 years; adolescent >3-7 years; adult - 12-15 years; aged - 17-23 years) were used in this study. Gingival tissues were sampled at baseline (health), 2 weeks (initiation), 1 and 3 months (progression), and 5 months (resolution) of the lesion development and transcriptomic analysis included 78 Ig-related genes. RESULTS The results demonstrated extensive variation in Ig gene usage patterns and changes with the disease process that was substantially affected by the age of the animal. Of note was that the aged animals generally demonstrated elevated expression on multiple Ig genes even in the baseline/healthy gingival tissues. The expression levels revealed 5 aggregates of Ig gene change profiles across the age groups. The number of gene changes were greatly increased in adult animals with the initiation of disease, while the young and adolescent animals showed extensive changes with disease progression. Elevated Ig gene transcripts remained with disease resolution except in the aged animals. The response profiles demonstrated selective heavy/light change gene transcripts that differed with age and clustering of the transcript expression was dominated by the age of the animals. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested potential critical variations in the molecular aspects of Ig gene expression in gingival tissues that can contribute to understanding the kinetics of periodontal lesions, as well as the variation in episodes, rapidity of progression, and role in resolution that are impacted by age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Linh M Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang T, Cheng B, Noble JM, Reitz C, Papapanou PN. Replication of gene polymorphisms associated with periodontitis-related traits in an elderly cohort: the Washington Heights/Inwood Community Aging Project Ancillary Study of Oral Health. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:414-427. [PMID: 35179257 PMCID: PMC9012699 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM We sought to replicate findings from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), linking specific candidate gene loci with periodontitis-related clinical/microbial traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the published GWAS, a total of 2196 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with periodontitis-related traits at a p ≤ 5 × 10-6 and mapped to 136 gene loci. The replication cohort included 1124 individuals, 65-98 years old (67% female, 45% Hispanic, 30% Black, 23% White) with available genome-wide genotypes and full-mouth periodontal status. Microbial profiles using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and 16SrRNA sequencing were available from 912 and 739 participants, respectively. RESULTS Using gene-specific p-values after linkage disequilibrium pruning, the following gene/phenotype associations replicated successfully: CLEC19A with edentulism and %teeth with pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm; IL37, HPVC1, TRPS1, ABHD12B, LDLRAD4 (C180rF1), TGM3, and GRK5 with %teeth with PD ≥4 mm; DAB2IP with presence of PD ≥6 mm; KIAA1715(LNPK), ROBO2, RAB28, LINC01017, NELL1, LDLRAD4(C18orF1), and CRYBB2P1 with %teeth with clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥3 mm; RUNX2 and LAMA2 with %teeth with CAL ≥5 mm; and KIAA1715(LNPK) with high colonization by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, CLEC19A, IQSEC1, and EMR1 associated with microbial abundance based on checkerboard data, LBP and NCR2 with abundance based on sequencing data, and NCR2 with microbial diversity based on sequencing data. CONCLUSIONS Several gene loci identified in published GWAS as associated with periodontitis-related phenotypes replicated successfully in an elderly cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Yang
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - James M Noble
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, GH Sergievsky Center and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, GH Sergievsky Center and Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang Q, Huang X, Yu W, Huang R, Zhao X, Chen C. mTOR Signaling in the Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Periodontal Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827461. [PMID: 35222410 PMCID: PMC8866697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease results from the inflammatory infiltration by the microbial community which is marked through tooth mobility and alveolar bone resorption. The inflammation in periodontal disease is mediated by CD4+ T cells through cytokine secretion and osteoclastogenetic activity. Historically, the inflammatory model in periodontal disease is described through disruption of the balance between two subsets of T helper cells which are T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). However, more and more studies have found that apart from subsets of helper T cells, regulatory T-cells and Th17 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Growing evidence proves that helper T cells differentiation, activation, and subset determination are under the strong impact of mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling could promote Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and inhibit Treg commitment through different mTOR complexes, therefore we anticipate a regulation effect of mTOR signaling on periodontal diseases by regulating CD4+ T cell subsets. This review aims to integrate the topical researches about the role of different types of Th cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as well as the regulation of mTOR signaling in the specification and selection of Th cell commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ranran Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guan J, Zhang D, Wang C. Identifying periodontitis risk factors through a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. Pak J Med Sci 2022; 38:293-296. [PMID: 35035442 PMCID: PMC8713243 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.38.1.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate periodontitis risk factors and to establish a reference framework for identifying factors that place individuals at greater risk for periodontitis. Methods: Clinical data from 80 periodontitis patients admitted in the Department of Stomatology at Hebei Provincial People’s Hospital and treated between March 2020 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Univariate analysis showed that lower daily brushing frequencies, decreased tooth brushing duration, decreased scaling frequency, dietary habits, smoking and drinking, genetic factors, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity were more prevalent among periodontitis patients than healthy controls. Multivariate binary logistic analysis showed that daily brushing frequency, routine scaling, smoking, drinking, heredity, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity were all risk factors for periodontitis. Conclusions: There are many risk factors for periodontitis. Clinicians need to be aware of these factors for early detection and treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guan
- Jing Guan M.D. Department of Stomatology, Hebei General Hospital; No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Dong Zhang M.D. Department of Stomatology, Hebei General Hospital; No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Cailing Wang
- Cailing Wang M.D. Department of Stomatology, Hebei General Hospital; No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Complementary Experimental Methods in Genetics Open Up New Avenues of Research to Elucidate the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:209-227. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Tegelberg P, Leppilahti JM, Ylöstalo A, Tervonen T, Kettunen J, Suominen AL, Ylöstalo P. Genome-wide association study of periodontal pocketing in Finnish adults. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:611. [PMID: 34847907 PMCID: PMC8638186 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A genome‐wide association study is an analytical approach that investigates whether genetic variants across the whole genome contribute to disease progression. The aim of this study was to investigate genome-wide associations of periodontal condition measured as deepened periodontal pockets (≥ 4 mm) in Finnish adults. Methods This study was based on the data of the national Health 2000 Survey (BRIF8901) in Finland and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study totalling 3,245 individuals. The genotype data were analyzed using the SNPTEST v.2.4.1. The number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets (≥ 4 mm deep) was employed as a continuous response variable in additive regression analyses performed separately for the two studies and the results were combined in a meta-analysis applying a fixed effects model. Results Genome-wide significant associations with the number of teeth with ≥ 4 mm deep pockets were not found at the p-level of < 5 × 10−8, while in total 17 loci reached the p-level of 5 × 10−6. Of the top hits, SNP rs4444613 in chromosome 20 showed the strongest association (p = 1.35 × 10−7). Conclusion No statistically significant genome-wide associations with deepened periodontal pockets were found in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tegelberg
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Atte Ylöstalo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tellervo Tervonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ylöstalo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dereka X, Akcalı A, Trullenque-Eriksson A, Donos N. Systematic review on the association between genetic polymorphisms and dental implant-related biological complications. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 33:131-141. [PMID: 34820916 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between specific genetic polymorphisms and dental implant-related biological complications in patients having a follow-up period of at least 12-months post-loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sensitive search strategy was developed to identify implant-related genetic-association studies. This was performed by searching five databases. A three-stage screening (titles, abstract, full text) was carried out in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Assessment was carried out according to the suggested scale for quality assessment of periodontal genetic-association studies and adapted to genetic analyses of implant-related studies leading to an overall final score 0-20 based on the summation of positive answers. RESULTS The initial search resulted in 1838 articles. Sixty-seven full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and four studies met the defined inclusion criteria. IL-6 G174C, TNF-α -308, IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3954 and CD14-159 C/T polymorphisms were evaluated. The quality assessment scores ranged from 6 to 11 positive answers from out of a maximum score of 20. The great heterogeneity among the studies did not allow a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The published evidence on genetic predisposition and implant biologic complications is limited. The small number of identified studies evaluating the association between genetic polymorphisms and peri-implant disease presented methodological and reporting inadequacies. Thus, the potential link between genetic polymorphisms and biological complications should be further investigated and clarified through well-designed clinical studies on adequately powered and appropriately included study populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xanthippi Dereka
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Aliye Akcalı
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anna Trullenque-Eriksson
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Öztürk A, Ada AO. The roles of ANRIL polymorphisms in periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1121-1135. [PMID: 34821979 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role of ANRIL polymorphisms in susceptibility to periodontitis. METHODS The authors searched Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2021 to identify all published studies without any language restriction on the association between ANRIL and periodontitis. A meta-analysis of all ANRIL variants replicated by three or more studies was performed by testing multiple genetic models of association. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate associations. Tests for sensitivity and publication bias were performed. RESULTS Twenty-two variants in the ANRIL gene were examined for their potential association with the risk of periodontitis. However, only 4 (rs1333048, rs1333042, rs2891168, rs496892) are replicated at least three or more studies. The ANRIL rs1333048 was the most replicated polymorphisms with five articles, seven different populations comprising of 1331 cases, and 2624 controls. The pooled overall analysis showed that rs1333048, rs1333042, rs2891168, and rs496892 polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to periodontitis in the whole population in allele contrast and dominant models. Moreover, similar to the overall analysis, rs1333048 polymorphism showed a significant association with grade C periodontitis (known as aggressive periodontitis in 1999 classification) in allele contrast (OR = 1.16) and dominant models (1.19). Interestingly, subgroup analysis also showed rs1333048 polymorphism might influence predisposition to a slowly progressive form of periodontitis (known as chronic periodontitis in 1999 classification). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the ANRIL rs1333048, rs1333042, rs2891168, and rs496892 polymorphisms might influence predisposition to periodontitis, particularly in Caucasians. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ANRIL gene may represent a potential risk marker for periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Oğuz Ada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Del Pinto R, Landi L, Grassi G, Sforza NM, Cairo F, Citterio F, Paolantoni G, D'Aiuto F, Ferri C, Monaco A, Pietropaoli D. Hypertension and Periodontitis: A Joint Report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP). High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:427-438. [PMID: 34562228 PMCID: PMC8484186 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation. This joint report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy-Per Group) provides a review of the evidence on this topic encompassing epidemiology, biological plausibility, relevance, magnitude, and treatment management. Consensus recommendations are provided for health professionals on how to manage BP in individuals showing signs of poor oral health. In summary, (1) large epidemiological studies highlight that individuals with periodontal diseases have increased risk for high/uncontrolled BP independent of confounders; (2) mechanistically, low-grade inflammation might have a causal role in the association; (3) BP profile and control might benefit from periodontal treatment in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals; (4) oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for high/uncontrolled BP, and effective oral care should be included as an adjunct lifestyle measure during hypertension management. Further research is needed to optimize BP management in individuals with poor oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Landi
- Private Practice, Via della Balduina, 114, 00136, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cairo
- Research Unit in Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Monaco
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Prevention and Translational Research, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Unit of Oral Diseases, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Prevention and Translational Research, Dental Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Neves VCM, Pugh J, Savulescu J. Beyond oral hygiene, are capacity-altering, biologically based interventions within the moral domain of dentistry? Br Dent J 2021; 231:277-280. [PMID: 34508196 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases such as dental caries (DC) and periodontitis are widely prevalent, and existing approaches to managing these conditions have only a limited effect. Accordingly, there is growing interest in the development of novel biological interventions (including, among others, CRISPR-Cas9) that might, in the future, be used to prevent the development of or cure these conditions. However, in addition to familiar concerns about using biological interventions in children who cannot provide valid consent, it is not clear whether the provision of these interventions would fall within the proper domain of dentistry. In this opinion paper, we defend the view that the provision of reasonably safe and effective novel biological interventions aimed at preventing DC and periodontitis should be understood to fall within the proper domain of dentistry. To do so, we first argue that their use would be consistent with existing practice in dentistry. We then argue that: i) they may substantially increase the recipient's wellbeing and future autonomy; and ii) that their use could constitute a form of indirect preventative medicine by addressing a threat to systemic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor C M Neves
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Jonathan Pugh
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ganesan SM, Vazana S, Stuhr S. Waistline to the gumline: Relationship between obesity and periodontal disease-biological and management considerations. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:299-314. [PMID: 34463987 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic and periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease in the world. These two noncommunicable diseases share several risk determinants. Epidemiologic evidence from the last 2 decades has established an increase in periodontitis prevalence in obese and overweight individuals. Biologic mechanisms potentially linking obesity and periodontal disease are adiposity-associated hyperinflammation, microbial dysbiosis, altered immune response, specific genetic polymorphisms, and increased stress. However, because of the lack of longitudinal interventional studies and randomized clinical trials, there is insufficient evidence to determine the cause-effect relationship between these two diseases. Despite this, the negative impact of obesity on oral health is well established. Several logistic and physiologic complications are associated with treating obese patients in a dental setting, and it requires an interprofessional team approach. Oral health care professionals need to be aware of the specific management considerations while rendering for this cohort, including modified practice facility and equipment, tailored supportive periodontal therapy, and heightened precaution during conscious sedation and surgical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukirth M Ganesan
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephanie Vazana
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sandra Stuhr
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Williams DW, Greenwell-Wild T, Brenchley L, Dutzan N, Overmiller A, Sawaya AP, Webb S, Martin D, Hajishengallis G, Divaris K, Morasso M, Haniffa M, Moutsopoulos NM. Human oral mucosa cell atlas reveals a stromal-neutrophil axis regulating tissue immunity. Cell 2021; 184:4090-4104.e15. [PMID: 34129837 PMCID: PMC8359928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa remains an understudied barrier tissue. This is a site of rich exposure to antigens and commensals, and a tissue susceptible to one of the most prevalent human inflammatory diseases, periodontitis. To aid in understanding tissue-specific pathophysiology, we compile a single-cell transcriptome atlas of human oral mucosa in healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis. We uncover the complex cellular landscape of oral mucosal tissues and identify epithelial and stromal cell populations with inflammatory signatures that promote antimicrobial defenses and neutrophil recruitment. Our findings link exaggerated stromal cell responsiveness with enhanced neutrophil and leukocyte infiltration in periodontitis. Our work provides a resource characterizing the role of tissue stroma in regulating mucosal tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drake Winslow Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Overmiller
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Phillip Sawaya
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simone Webb
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- UNC Adams School of Dentistry and Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maria Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Niki Maria Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim H, Momen-Heravi F, Chen S, Hoffmann P, Kebschull M, Papapanou PN. Differential DNA methylation and mRNA transcription in gingival tissues in periodontal health and disease. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1152-1164. [PMID: 34101221 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated differential DNA methylation in gingival tissues in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, and its association with differential mRNA expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissues were harvested from individuals and sites with clinically healthy and intact periodontium, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Samples were processed for differential DNA methylation and mRNA expression using the IlluminaEPIC (850 K) and the IlluminaHiSeq2000 platforms, respectively. Across the three phenotypes, we identified differentially methylated CpG sites and regions, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and genes with concomitant differential methylation at their promoters and expression were identified. The findings were validated using our earlier databases using HG-U133Plus2.0Affymetrix microarrays and Illumina (450 K) methylation arrays. RESULTS We observed 43,631 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between periodontitis and health, and 536 DMPs between gingivitis and health (FDR < 0.05). On the mRNA level, statistically significant DEGs were observed only between periodontitis and health (n = 126). Twelve DEGs between periodontitis and health (DCC, KCNA3, KCNA2, RIMS2, HOXB7, PNOC, IRX1, JSRP1, TBX1, OPCML, CECR1, SCN4B) were also differentially methylated between the two phenotypes. Spearman correlations between methylation and expression in the EPIC/mRNAseq dataset were largely replicated in the 450 K/Affymetrix datasets. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant study of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns may identify genes whose expression is epigenetically regulated in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Chen
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Haworth S, Esberg A, Kuja-Halkola R, Lundberg P, Magnusson PKE, Johansson I. Using national register data to estimate the heritability of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:756-764. [PMID: 33745184 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify whether periodontal traits derived from electronic dental records are biologically informative and heritable. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 11,974 adult twins (aged 30-92 years) in the Swedish Twin Registry. Periodontal records from dental examinations were retrieved from a national register and used to derive continuous measures of periodontal health. A latent class approach was used to derive categorial measures of periodontal status. The correlation patterns in these traits were contrasted in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs using quantitative genetic models to estimate the heritability of the traits. RESULTS For continuous traits, heritability estimates ranged between 41.5% and 48.3% with the highest estimates for number of missing tooth surfaces and rate of change in number of deep periodontal pockets (≥6 mm). For categorial traits, the latent class approach identified three classes (good periodontal health, mild periodontitis signs and severe signs of periodontitis) and there was a clear difference in the hazard for subsequent tooth loss between these three classes. Despite this, the class allocations were only slightly more heritable than a conventional dichotomous disease definition (45.2% vs. 42.6%). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis is a moderately heritable disease. Quantitative periodontal traits derived from electronic records are an attractive target for future genetic association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haworth
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
He L, Liu L, Li T, Zhuang D, Dai J, Wang B, Bi L. Exploring the Imbalance of Periodontitis Immune System From the Cellular to Molecular Level. Front Genet 2021; 12:653209. [PMID: 33841510 PMCID: PMC8033214 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.653209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissue, mostly concentrated in people over 30 years old. Statistics show that compared with foreign countries, the prevalence of periodontitis in China is as high as 40%, and the prevalence of periodontal disease is more than 90%, which must arouse our great attention. Diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis currently rely mainly on clinical criteria, and the exploration of the etiologic criteria is relatively lacking. We, therefore, have explored the pathogenesis of periodontitis from the perspective of immune imbalance. By predicting the fraction of 22 immune cells in periodontitis tissues and comparing them with normal tissues, we found that multiple immune cell infiltration in periodontitis tissues was inhibited and this feature can clearly distinguish periodontitis from normal tissues. Further, protein interaction network (PPI) and transcription regulation network have been constructed based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to explore the interaction function modules and regulation pathways. Three functional modules have been revealed and top TFs such as EGR1 and ETS1 have been shown to regulate the expression of periodontitis-related immune genes that play an important role in the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The classifier was also used to verify the reliability of periodontitis features obtained at the cellular and molecular levels. In conclusion, we have revealed the immune microenvironment and molecular characteristics of periodontitis, which will help to better understand the mechanism of periodontitis and its application in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei He
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Ti Li
- Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Deshu Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangjia Bi
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Byrd KM, Gulati AS. The "Gum-Gut" Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Associations and Advances. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620124. [PMID: 33679761 PMCID: PMC7933581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern medicine, the oral cavity has often been viewed as a passive conduit to the upper airways and gastrointestinal tract; however, its connection to the rest of the body has been increasingly explored over the last 40 years. For several diseases, the periodontium and gingiva are at the center of this oral-systemic link. Over 50 systemic conditions have been specifically associated with gingival and periodontal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which have recently been elevated from simple "associations" to elegant, mechanistic investigations. IBD and periodontitis have been reported to impact each other's progression via a bidirectional relationship whereby chronic oral or intestinal inflammation can impact the other; however, the precise mechanisms for how this occurs remain unclear. Classically, the etiology of gingival inflammation (gingivitis) is oral microbial dysbiosis in the subgingival crevice that can lead to destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis); however, the current understanding of gingival involvement in IBD is that it may represent a separate disease entity from classical gingivitis, arising from mechanisms related to systemic inflammatory activation of niche-resident immune cells. Synthesizing available evidence, we hypothesize that once established, IBD can be driven by microbiomial and inflammatory changes originating specifically from the gingival niche through saliva, thereby worsening IBD outcomes and thus perpetuating a vicious cycle. In this review, we introduce the concept of the "gum-gut axis" as a framework for examining this reciprocal relationship between the periodontium and the gastrointestinal tract. To support and explore this gum-gut axis, we 1) provide a narrative review of historical studies reporting gingival and periodontal manifestations in IBD, 2) describe the current understanding and advances for the gum-gut axis, and 3) underscore the importance of collaborative treatment and research plans between oral and GI practitioners to benefit this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Byrd
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ajay S. Gulati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cytokines and Their Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Periodontal Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124045. [PMID: 33327639 PMCID: PMC7765090 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque biofilm on the teeth and the host immune responses. PD pathogenesis is complex and includes genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors. Numerous studies have suggested that the connection of genetic and environmental factors induces the disease process leading to a response by both T cells and B cells and the increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. Many studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PD. The studies have also indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes may be associated with risk and severity of PD. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of selected cytokines and their gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sayad A, Gholami L, Mirzajani S, Omrani MD, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M. Genetic susceptibility for periodontitis with special focus on immune-related genes: A concise review. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
40
|
Shaddox LM, Morford LA, Nibali L. Periodontal health and disease: The contribution of genetics. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:161-181. [PMID: 33226705 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious, inflammatory disease that is associated with a complex interplay between specific bacteria, host response, and environmental factors. Because of its high degree of familial aggregation, specifically for the more aggressive forms of the disease, genetics factors have been implicated in disease pathogenesis for several decades. This review provides an overview of what we currently know regarding the genetic and epigenetic contributions to periodontal disease and discusses future opportunities in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Macchion Shaddox
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lorri Ann Morford
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Steigmann L, Maekawa S, Sima C, Travan S, Wang CW, Giannobile WV. Biosensor and Lab-on-a-chip Biomarker-identifying Technologies for Oral and Periodontal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588480. [PMID: 33343358 PMCID: PMC7748088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex multifactorial disease that can lead to destruction of tooth supporting tissues and subsequent tooth loss. The most recent global burden of disease studies highlight that severe periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting humans. Periodontitis risk is attributed to genetics, host-microbiome and environmental factors. Empirical diagnostic and prognostic systems have yet to be validated in the field of periodontics. Early diagnosis and intervention prevents periodontitis progression in most patients. Increased susceptibility and suboptimal control of modifiable risk factors can result in poor response to therapy, and relapse. The chronic immune-inflammatory response to microbial biofilms at the tooth or dental implant surface is associated with systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes or gastrointestinal diseases. Oral fluid-based biomarkers have demonstrated easy accessibility and potential as diagnostics for oral and systemic diseases, including the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. Advances in biotechnology have led to innovations in lab-on-a-chip and biosensors to interface with oral-based biomarker assessment. This review highlights new developments in oral biomarker discovery and their validation for clinical application to advance precision oral medicine through improved diagnosis, prognosis and patient stratification. Their potential to improve clinical outcomes of periodontitis and associated chronic conditions will benefit the dental and overall public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Steigmann
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Corneliu Sima
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suncica Travan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dahlen G, Fejerskov O, Manji F. Current concepts and an alternative perspective on periodontal disease. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32847557 PMCID: PMC7448340 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological data from countries worldwide show a consistent pattern implying that a fraction of around 10% of those over 40–50 years in all populations will exhibit severe periodontitis with the potential risk of losing teeth during their life-time. The subgingival microbiota shows striking similarities between populations irrespective of disease severity and can only marginally explain the clinical pattern. It is also difficult to explain this pattern by genetic and acquired risk factors such as systemic disease (e.g. diabetes) or habits (e.g. smoking) even if they may have a confounding effect on the disease. Main text Inflammation of the gingiva appears to be a normal and physiological response to the presence of commensal bacteria along the gingival crevice and in the dental biofilm. Over many years of exposure to the dental biofilm, the chronic inflammation in the gingiva gradually results in a loss of attachment and bone loss. Numerous laboratory and clinical studies have provided insight into the potential role of determinants that are associated with periodontitis. However, it has been difficult to relate the findings to the pattern of the distribution of the disease observed in epidemiological studies. We propose a simple and parsimonious model that considers all the multitude of potential determinants as creating effectively random noise within the dental biofilm to which the tissues react by accumulating the effects of this noise. Conclusions We suggest that such a model can explain many of the epidemiological features of periodontal breakdown over time, and we discuss its clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ole Fejerskov
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Firoze Manji
- Institute of African Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zheng Y, Chai L, Fan Y, Song YQ, Zee KY, Tu WW, Jin L, Leung WK. Th2 cell regulatory and effector molecules single nucleotide polymorphisms and periodontitis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1641-1654. [PMID: 32745291 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0720-698rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between T helper 2 (Th2) cell regulatory and effector molecules' genetic polymorphisms and periodontitis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 11 Th2 cell regulatory or effector molecules genes (CD28, CTLA4, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10, IL13, IL4R, GATA3, STAT6, and rs1537415; total 130 SNPs) were studied in Chinese nonsmokers (163 periodontitis-free controls, 141 periodontitis patients) using Sequenom iPlex assays. SNPs potentially associated with periodontitis (adjusted allelic P < 0.1) in this cross-sectional study were further investigated via meta-analysis. Allele G of rs4553808 in promoter of CTLA4 was more frequently detected in periodontitis than controls (P < 0.005), but did not remain significant after age and gender adjustment. Haplotype (GTT) in a block of three CTLA4 SNPs (rs4553808, rs16840252, rs5742909) was significantly associated with periodontitis. Meta-analysis of SNPs identified indicated allele T of CTLA4 rs5742909 (3 studies; 461 control, 369 periodontitis) and allele G of IL6 rs1800796 (18 studies; 2760 control, 2442 periodontitis) were significantly associated with periodontitis (OR = 1.44 and OR = 1.30, respectively). Within limitations of this study, a haplotype of CTLA4 concerning Th2 cell regulation, may be associated with periodontitis in Chinese nonsmokers followed. Meta-analysis indicated rs5742909 of CTLA4 and rs1800796 of IL6 appeared significantly associated with periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Chai
- Rytime Dental Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Current address: Phil Rivers Technology, Nanshan District, Haitian Second Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan-Yat Zee
- Thornleigh Periodontal Clinic, Thornleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wen Wei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Esberg A, Haworth S, Kuja-Halkola R, Magnusson PK, Johansson I. Heritability of Oral Microbiota and Immune Responses to Oral Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081126. [PMID: 32726935 PMCID: PMC7464143 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a symbiotic oral microbiota is essential for oral and dental health, and host genetic factors may affect the composition or function of the oral microbiota through a range of possible mechanisms, including immune pathways. The study included 836 Swedish twins divided into separate groups of adolescents (n = 418) and unrelated adults (n = 418). Oral microbiota composition and functions of non-enzymatically lysed oral bacteria samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional bioinformatics tools in the adolescents. Adaptive immune responses were assessed by testing for serum IgG antibodies against a panel of common oral bacteria in adults. In the adolescents, host genetic factors were associated with both the detection and abundance of microbial species, but with considerable variation between species. Host genetic factors were associated with predicted microbiota functions, including several functions related to bacterial sucrose, fructose, and carbohydrate metabolism. In adults, genetic factors were associated with serum antibodies against oral bacteria. In conclusion, host genetic factors affect the composition of the oral microbiota at a species level, and host-governed adaptive immune responses, and also affect the concerted functions of the oral microbiota as a whole. This may help explain why some people are genetically predisposed to the major dental diseases of caries and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Haworth
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK;
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.-H.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.-H.); (P.K.M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lock NC, Susin C, Damé-Teixeira N, Maltz M, Alves LS. Sex differences in the association between obesity and gingivitis among 12-year-old South Brazilian schoolchildren. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:559-566. [PMID: 32167175 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between weight status and gingivitis in a representative sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren from South Brazil. BACKGROUND An association between obesity and gingivitis in children and adolescents has been observed; however, the present evidence has major limitations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Porto Alegre, South Brazil, from September 2009 to December 2010 and included a representative sample of 1528 12-year-old schoolchildren attending public and private schools. Data collection included the application of a questionnaire, recording of anthropometric measures (weight and height), and clinical examination (gingival bleeding index, recorded in four sites per tooth). The outcome of the study was the prevalence of gingivitis, defined as the proportion of schoolchildren presenting ≥52% of bleeding sites (based on the median). Weight status was categorized according to body mass index into normal, overweight, or obese. The association between predictor variables and gingivitis prevalence was assessed using Poisson regression models. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. RESULTS Gingivitis prevalence was 48.7% (95% IC = 33.8-63.6) and, on average, schoolchildren presented 51.8% (95% IC = 46.2-57.5) of bleeding sites. Obese individuals had 13% higher prevalence for presenting gingivitis than did normal-weight ones (PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.09-1.18, P < .001). The stratified analysis showed that this association was sex-specific: Obese girls presented a greater chance of having gingivitis (adjusted PR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.09-1.34, P < .001), but such association was not observed among boys (PR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.95-1.20, P = .29). CONCLUSION This study showed sex differences in the association between obesity and gingivitis among 12-year-old South Brazilian schoolchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicássia Cioquetta Lock
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marisa Maltz
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luana Severo Alves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li W, Zheng Q, Meng H, Chen D. Integration of genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data identifies AIM2 as a risk gene of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:583-593. [PMID: 32031269 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify risk variants associated with gene expression in peripheral blood and to identify genes whose expression change may contribute to the susceptibility to periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We systematically integrated the genetic associations from a recent large-scale periodontitis GWAS and blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data using Sherlock, a Bayesian statistical framework. We then validated the potential causal genes in independent gene expression data sets. Gene co-expression analysis was used to explore the functional relationship for the identified causal genes. RESULTS Sherlock analysis identified 10 genes (rs7403881 for MT1L, rs12459542 for SIGLEC5, rs12459542 for SIGLEC14, rs6680386 for S100A12, rs10489524 for TRIM33, rs11962642 for HIST1H3E, rs2814770 for AIM2, rs7593959 for FASTKD2, rs10416904 for PKN1, and rs10508204 for WDR37) whose expression may influence periodontitis. Among these genes, AIM2 was consistent significantly upregulated in periodontium of periodontitis patients across four data sets. The cis-eQTL (rs2814770, ~16 kb upstream of AIM2) showed significant association with AIM2 (p = 6.63 × 10-6 ) and suggestive association with periodontitis (p = 7.52 × 10-4 ). We also validated the significant association between rs2814770 and AIM2 expression in independent expression data set. Pathway analysis revealed that genes co-expressed with AIM2 were significantly enriched in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate that AIM2 is a susceptibility gene, expression of which in gingiva may influence periodontitis risk. Further functional investigation of AIM2 may provide new insight for periodontitis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Heritability of periodontitis: A systematic review of evidence from animal studies. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 109:104592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
48
|
Biologically Defined or Biologically Informed Traits Are More Heritable Than Clinically Defined Ones: The Case of Oral and Dental Phenotypes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1197:179-189. [PMID: 31732942 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of oral health has long been theorized, but little information exists on the heritable variance in common oral and dental disease traits explained by the human genome. We sought to add to the evidence base of heritability of oral and dental traits using high-density genotype data in a well-characterized community-based cohort of middle-age adults. We used genome-wide association (GWAS) data combined with clinical and biomarker information in the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) cohort. Genotypes comprised SNPs directly typed on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 chip with minor allele frequency of >5% (n = 656,292) or were imputed using HapMap II-CEU (n = 2,104,905). We investigated 30 traits including "global" [e.g., number of natural teeth (NT) and incident tooth loss], clinically defined (e.g., dental caries via the DMFS index, periodontitis via the CDC/AAP and WW17 classifications), and biologically informed (e.g., subgingival pathogen colonization and "complex" traits). Heritability (i.e., variance explained; h2) was calculated using Visscher's Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA), using a random-effects mixed linear model and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) regression adjusting for ancestry (10 principal components), age, and sex. Heritability estimates were modest for clinical traits-NT = 0.11 (se = 0.07), severe chronic periodontitis (CDC/AAP) = 0.22 (se = 0.19), WW17 Stage 4 vs. 1/2 = 0.15 (se = 0.11). "High gingival index" and "high red complex colonization" had h2 > 0.50, while a periodontal complex trait defined by high IL-1β GCF expression and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subgingival colonization had the highest h2 = 0.72 (se = 0.32). Our results indicate that all GWAS SNPs explain modest levels of the observed variance in clinical oral and dental measures. Subgingival bacterial colonization and complex phenotypes encompassing both bacterial colonization and local inflammatory response had the highest heritability, suggesting that these biologically informed traits capture aspects of the disease process and are promising targets for genomics investigations, according to the notion of precision oral health.
Collapse
|
49
|
Fardal Ø, Skau I, Grytten J. Familial tendency as a determinant of tooth loss during long-term periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 47:213-222. [PMID: 31705811 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Little evidence exists on how familial tendencies affect the long-term success of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes for two generations and their control patients treated in the same private practice. MATERIALS/METHODS Parents and their children were observed for tooth loss between 1986 and 2017. Matching control groups were identified from the same practice, one for the parent and one for the children group. The control patients had no close family members with a history of periodontal diseases. Both the generations and control groups completed a similar course of periodontal therapy. The matching strategy aimed at making the groups as similar as possible with respect to well-known risk and prognostic factors. The data were analysed by multiple regression where the outcome was the number of teeth lost due to periodontal disease. RESULTS A total of 435 patients were identified (148 parents, 154 children and 133 controls). 72 parents and 61 children (133) had more than 5 years follow-up (average 15.5 and 12.9 years, respectively). Balancing tests showed that the matching was successful. 65% of tooth loss was attributable to close family history. The regression showed that the parent generation lost 1.02 more teeth than the controls, while the children lost 0.61 more teeth. CONCLUSION Having close family members with a history of periodontal diseases is a strong prognostic factor affecting the long-term outcome of periodontal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Fardal
- Private practice, Egersund, Norway.,Institute of Education for Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Institute of Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Skau
- Institute of Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Grytten
- Institute of Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Osmenda G, Siedlinski M, Nosalski R, Pelka P, Nowakowski D, Wilk G, Mikolajczyk TP, Schramm-Luc A, Furtak A, Matusik P, Koziol J, Drozdz M, Munoz-Aguilera E, Tomaszewski M, Evangelou E, Caulfield M, Grodzicki T, D'Aiuto F, Guzik TJ. Causal association between periodontitis and hypertension: evidence from Mendelian randomization and a randomized controlled trial of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:3459-3470. [PMID: 31504461 PMCID: PMC6837161 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is an important driver of hypertension. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which could provide a mechanism for pro-hypertensive immune activation, but evidence of a causal relationship in humans is scarce. We aimed to investigate the nature of the association between periodontitis and hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis in the ∼750 000 UK-Biobank/International Consortium of Blood Pressure-Genome-Wide Association Studies participants using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SIGLEC5, DEFA1A3, MTND1P5, and LOC107984137 loci GWAS-linked to periodontitis, to ascertain their effect on blood pressure (BP) estimates. This demonstrated a significant relationship between periodontitis-linked SNPs and BP phenotypes. We then performed a randomized intervention trial on the effects of treatment of periodontitis on BP. One hundred and one hypertensive patients with moderate/severe periodontitis were randomized to intensive periodontal treatment (IPT; sub- and supragingival scaling/chlorhexidine; n = 50) or control periodontal treatment (CPT; supragingival scaling; n = 51) with mean ambulatory 24-h (ABPM) systolic BP (SBP) as primary outcome. Intensive periodontal treatment improved periodontal status at 2 months, compared to CPT. This was accompanied by a substantial reduction in mean SBP in IPT compared to the CPT (mean difference of -11.1 mmHg; 95% CI 6.5-15.8; P < 0.001). Systolic BP reduction was correlated to periodontal status improvement. Diastolic BP and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation) were also improved by IPT. These cardiovascular changes were accompanied by reductions in circulating IFN-γ and IL-6 as well as activated (CD38+) and immunosenescent (CD57+CD28null) CD8+T cells, previously implicated in hypertension. CONCLUSION A causal relationship between periodontitis and BP was observed providing proof of concept for development of clinical trial in a large cohort of hypertensive patients. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02131922.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 31-107 Poland
| | - Grzegorz Osmenda
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Nosalski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Piotr Pelka
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 31-107 Poland
| | - Daniel Nowakowski
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 31-107 Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wilk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Schramm-Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Furtak
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 31-107 Poland
| | - Pawel Matusik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziol
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mark Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-107, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|