1
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Yamaguchi A, Hashimoto Y, Negishi J. Fabrication of a cell culture scaffold that mimics the composition and structure of bone marrow extracellular matrix. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:83-88. [PMID: 38643031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture models that mimic tissue environments are useful for cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) function analysis. Decellularized tissues with tissue-specific ECM are expected to be applied as cell culture scaffolds, however, it is often difficult for seeded cells to permeate their structures. In this study, we evaluated the adhesion and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts seeded onto decellularized bone marrow scaffolds that we fabricated from adult and fetal porcine. Decellularized fetal bone marrow displays more cell attachment and faster cell proliferation than decellularized adult bone marrow. Our findings suggest that decellularized fetal bone marrow is useful as a cell culture scaffold with bone marrow ECM and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Yamaguchi
- Department of Textile Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hashimoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-006, Japan
| | - Jun Negishi
- Department of Textile Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-006, Japan.
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2
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Busch C, Nyamondo K, Wheadon H. Complexities of modeling the bone marrow microenvironment to facilitate hematopoietic research. Exp Hematol 2024; 135:104233. [PMID: 38740324 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow (BM), within a specialized microenvironment referred to as the stem cell niche, where the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside and are regulated for quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The BM contains at least two distinctive HSC-supportive niches: an endosteal osteoblastic niche that supports quiescence and self-renewal and a more vascular/perisinusoidal niche that promotes proliferation and differentiation. Both associate with supporting mesenchymal stromal cells. Within the more hypoxic osteoblastic niche, HSCs specifically interact with the osteoblasts that line the endosteal surface, which secrete several important HSC quiescence and maintenance regulatory factors. In vivo imaging indicates that the HSCs and progenitors located further away, in the vicinity of sinusoidal endothelial cells, are more proliferative. Here, HSCs interact with endothelial cells via specific cell adhesion molecules. Endothelial cells also secrete several factors important for HSC homeostasis and proliferation. In addition, HSCs and mesenchymal stromal cells are embedded within the extracellular matrix (ECM), an important network of proteins such as collagen, elastin, laminin, proteoglycans, vitronectin, and fibronectin. The ECM provides mechanical characteristics such as stiffness and elasticity important for cell behavior regulation. ECM proteins are also able to bind, sequester, display, and distribute growth factors across the BM, thus directly affecting stem cell fate and regulation of hematopoiesis. These important physical and chemical features of the BM require careful consideration when creating three-dimensional models of the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Busch
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kudzai Nyamondo
- Wellcome-Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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3
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Doherty-Boyd WS, Donnelly H, Tsimbouri MP, Dalby MJ. Building bones for blood and beyond: the growing field of bone marrow niche model development. Exp Hematol 2024; 135:104232. [PMID: 38729553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a complex microenvironment that provides the signals required for regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the process of hematopoiesis they are responsible for. Bioengineered models of the BM niche incorporate various elements of the in vivo BM microenvironment, including cellular components, soluble factors, a three-dimensional environment, mechanical stimulation of included cells, and perfusion. Recent advances in the bioengineering field have resulted in a spate of new models that shed light on BM function and are approaching precise imitation of the BM niche. These models promise to improve our understanding of the in vivo microenvironment in health and disease. They also aim to serve as platforms for HSC manipulation or as preclinical models for screening novel therapies for BM-associated disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sebastian Doherty-Boyd
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment (CeMi), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Hannah Donnelly
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Monica P Tsimbouri
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment (CeMi), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment (CeMi), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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4
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Deng J, Tan Y, Xu Z, Wang H. Advances in hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo expansion associated with bone marrow niche. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05773-1. [PMID: 38684510 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are an ideal source for the treatment of many hematological diseases and malignancies, as well as diseases of other systems, because of their two important features, self-renewal and multipotential differentiation, which have the ability to rebuild the blood system and immune system of the body. However, so far, the insufficient number of available HSCs, whether from bone marrow (BM), mobilized peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood, is still the main restricting factor for the clinical application. Therefore, strategies to expand HSCs numbers and maintain HSCs functions through ex vivo culture are urgently required. In this review, we outline the basic biology characteristics of HSCs, and focus on the regulatory factors in BM niche affecting the functions of HSCs. Then, we introduce several representative strategies used for HSCs from these three sources ex vivo expansion associated with BM niche. These findings have deepened our understanding of the mechanisms by which HSCs balance self-renewal and differentiation and provided a theoretical basis for the efficient clinical HSCs expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Deng
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Tan
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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5
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Shi G, Zhang P, Zhang X, Li J, Zheng X, Yan J, Zhang N, Yang H. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the biophysical microenvironment during hematopoietic stem cell development: from embryo to adult. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 37705072 PMCID: PMC10500792 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the ability to self-renew and differentiate are responsible for maintaining the supply of all types of blood cells. The complex and delicate microenvironment surrounding HSCs is called the HSC niche and can provide physical, chemical, and biological stimuli to regulate the survival, maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs. Currently, the exploration of the biophysical regulation of HSCs remains in its infancy. There is evidence that HSCs are susceptible to biophysical stimuli, suggesting that the construction of engineered niche biophysical microenvironments is a promising way to regulate the fate of HSCs in vitro and ultimately contribute to clinical applications. In this review, we introduced the spatiotemporal heterogeneous biophysical microenvironment during HSC development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrated how these biophysical cues contribute to HSC behaviors, as well as the possible mechanotransduction mechanisms from the extracellular microenvironment into cells. Comprehending the important functions of these biophysical regulatory factors will provide novel approaches to resolve clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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6
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Hanetseder D, Levstek T, Teuschl-Woller AH, Frank JK, Schaedl B, Redl H, Marolt Presen D. Engineering of extracellular matrix from human iPSC-mesenchymal progenitors to enhance osteogenic capacity of human bone marrow stromal cells independent of their age. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214019. [PMID: 37600321 PMCID: PMC10434254 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of bone defects is often limited due to compromised bone tissue physiology. Previous studies suggest that engineered extracellular matrices enhance the regenerative capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells. In this study, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cells, a scalable source of young mesenchymal progenitors (hiPSC-MPs), to generate extracellular matrix (iECM) and test its effects on the osteogenic capacity of human bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). iECM was deposited as a layer on cell culture dishes and into three-dimensional (3D) silk-based spongy scaffolds. After decellularization, iECM maintained inherent structural proteins including collagens, fibronectin and laminin, and contained minimal residual DNA. Young adult and aged BMSCs cultured on the iECM layer in osteogenic medium exhibited a significant increase in proliferation, osteogenic marker expression, and mineralization as compared to tissue culture plastic. With BMSCs from aged donors, matrix mineralization was only detected when cultured on iECM, but not on tissue culture plastic. When cultured in 3D iECM/silk scaffolds, BMSCs exhibited significantly increased osteogenic gene expression levels and bone matrix deposition. iECM layer showed a similar enhancement of aged BMSC proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, and mineralization compared with extracellular matrix layers derived from young adult or aged BMSCs. However, iECM increased osteogenic differentiation and decreased adipocyte formation compared with single protein substrates including collagen and fibronectin. Together, our data suggest that the microenvironment comprised of iECM can enhance the osteogenic activity of BMSCs, providing a bioactive and scalable biomaterial strategy for enhancing bone regeneration in patients with delayed or failed bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hanetseder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Levstek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Herbert Teuschl-Woller
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Katharina Frank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schaedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darja Marolt Presen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Seo JY, Park SB, Kim SY, Seo GJ, Jang HK, Lee TJ. Acoustic and Magnetic Stimuli-Based Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:563-580. [PMID: 37052782 PMCID: PMC10313605 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In a conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture method, cells are attached to the bottom of the culture dish and grow into a monolayer. These 2D culture methods are easy to handle, cost-effective, reproducible, and adaptable to growing many different types of cells. However, monolayer 2D cell culture conditions are far from those of natural tissue, indicating the need for a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. Various methods, such as hanging drop, scaffolds, hydrogels, microfluid systems, and bioreactor systems, have been utilized for 3D cell culture. Recently, external physical stimulation-based 3D cell culture platforms, such as acoustic and magnetic forces, were introduced. Acoustic waves can establish acoustic radiation force, which can induce suspended objects to gather in the pressure node region and aggregate to form clusters. Magnetic targeting consists of two components, a magnetically responsive carrier and a magnetic field gradient source. In a magnetic-based 3D cell culture platform, cells are aggregated by changing the magnetic force. Magnetic fields can manipulate cells through two different methods: positive magnetophoresis and negative magnetophoresis. Positive magnetophoresis is a way of imparting magnetic properties to cells by labeling them with magnetic nanoparticles. Negative magnetophoresis is a label-free principle-based method. 3D cell structures, such as spheroids, 3D network structures, and cell sheets, have been successfully fabricated using this acoustic and magnetic stimuli-based 3D cell culture platform. Additionally, fabricated 3D cell structures showed enhanced cell behavior, such as differentiation potential and tissue regeneration. Therefore, physical stimuli-based 3D cell culture platforms could be promising tools for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Seo
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Bin Park
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Kim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jin Seo
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wieder R. Awakening of Dormant Breast Cancer Cells in the Bone Marrow. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113021. [PMID: 37296983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 40% of patients with breast cancer (BC) have metastatic cells in the bone marrow (BM) at the initial diagnosis of localized disease. Despite definitive systemic adjuvant therapy, these cells survive in the BM microenvironment, enter a dormant state and recur stochastically for more than 20 years. Once they begin to proliferate, recurrent macrometastases are not curable, and patients generally succumb to their disease. Many potential mechanisms for initiating recurrence have been proposed, but no definitive predictive data have been generated. This manuscript reviews the proposed mechanisms that maintain BC cell dormancy in the BM microenvironment and discusses the data supporting specific mechanisms for recurrence. It addresses the well-described mechanisms of secretory senescence, inflammation, aging, adipogenic BM conversion, autophagy, systemic effects of trauma and surgery, sympathetic signaling, transient angiogenic bursts, hypercoagulable states, osteoclast activation, and epigenetic modifications of dormant cells. This review addresses proposed approaches for either eliminating micrometastases or maintaining a dormant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieder
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB F671, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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9
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Stromal Co-Cultivation for Modeling Breast Cancer Dormancy in the Bone Marrow. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143344. [PMID: 35884405 PMCID: PMC9320268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers metastasize to the bone marrow before primary tumors can be detected. Bone marrow micrometastases are resistant to therapy, and while they are able to remain dormant for decades, they recur steadily and result in incurable metastatic disease. The bone marrow microenvironment maintains the dormancy and chemoresistance of micrometastases through interactions with multiple cell types and through structural and soluble factors. Modeling dormancy in vitro can identify the mechanisms of these interactions. Modeling also identifies mechanisms able to disrupt these interactions or define novel interactions that promote the reawakening of dormant cells. The in vitro modeling of the interactions of cancer cells with various bone marrow elements can generate hypotheses on the mechanisms that control dormancy, treatment resistance and reawakening in vivo. These hypotheses can guide in vivo murine experiments that have high probabilities of succeeding in order to verify in vitro findings while minimizing the use of animals in experiments. This review outlines the existing data on predominant stromal cell types and their use in 2D co-cultures with cancer cells.
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10
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Aparici Herraiz I, Caires HR, Castillo-Fernández Ó, Sima N, Méndez-Mora L, Risueño RM, Sattabongkot J, Roobsoong W, Hernández-Machado A, Fernandez-Becerra C, Barrias CC, del Portillo HA. Advancing Key Gaps in the Knowledge of Plasmodium vivax Cryptic Infections Using Humanized Mouse Models and Organs-on-Chips. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:920204. [PMID: 35873153 PMCID: PMC9302440 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.920204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite representing 36.3% of disease burden in the South-East Asia region and the most predominant species in the region of the Americas. Recent estimates indicate that 3.3 billion of people are under risk of infection with circa 7 million clinical cases reported each year. This burden is certainly underestimated as the vast majority of chronic infections are asymptomatic. For centuries, it has been widely accepted that the only source of cryptic parasites is the liver dormant stages known as hypnozoites. However, recent evidence indicates that niches outside the liver, in particular in the spleen and the bone marrow, can represent a major source of cryptic chronic erythrocytic infections. The origin of such chronic infections is highly controversial as many key knowledge gaps remain unanswered. Yet, as parasites in these niches seem to be sheltered from immune response and antimalarial drugs, research on this area should be reinforced if elimination of malaria is to be achieved. Due to ethical and technical considerations, working with the liver, bone marrow and spleen from natural infections is very difficult. Recent advances in the development of humanized mouse models and organs-on-a-chip models, offer novel technological frontiers to study human diseases, vaccine validation and drug discovery. Here, we review current data of these frontier technologies in malaria, highlighting major challenges ahead to study P. vivax cryptic niches, which perpetuate transmission and burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aparici Herraiz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar Castillo-Fernández
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Sima
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Méndez-Mora
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M. Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aurora Hernández-Machado
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Hernando A. del Portillo,
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11
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Krenn PW, Montanez E, Costell M, Fässler R. Integrins, anchors and signal transducers of hematopoietic stem cells during development and in adulthood. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:203-261. [PMID: 35606057 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the apex of the hierarchically organized blood cell production system, are generated in the yolk sac, aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and placenta of the developing embryo. To maintain life-long hematopoiesis, HSCs emigrate from their site of origin and seed in distinct microenvironments, called niches, of fetal liver and bone marrow where they receive supportive signals for self-renewal, expansion and production of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), which in turn orchestrate the production of the hematopoietic effector cells. The interactions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with niche components are to a large part mediated by the integrin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the functional properties of integrins and their activators, Talin-1 and Kindlin-3, for HSPC generation, function and fate decisions during development and in adulthood. In addition, we discuss integrin-mediated mechanosensing for HSC-niche interactions, ex vivo protocols aimed at expanding HSCs for therapeutic use, and recent approaches targeting the integrin-mediated adhesion in leukemia-inducing HSCs in their protecting, malignant niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Krenn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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12
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Current insights into the bone marrow niche: From biology in vivo to bioengineering ex vivo. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Oprescu A, Michel D, Antkowiak A, Vega E, Viaud J, Courtneidge SA, Eckly A, de la Salle H, Chicanne G, Léon C, Payrastre B, Gaits-Iacovoni F. Megakaryocytes form linear podosomes devoid of digestive properties to remodel medullar matrix. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6255. [PMID: 35428815 PMCID: PMC9012751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) undergo a maturation involving contacts with the microenvironment before extending proplatelets through sinusoids to deliver platelets in the bloodstream. We demonstrated that MKs assemble linear F-actin-enriched podosomes on collagen I fibers. Microscopy analysis evidenced an inverse correlation between the number of dot-like versus linear podosomes over time. Confocal videomicroscopy confirmed that they derived from each-other. This dynamics was dependent on myosin IIA. Importantly, MKs progenitors expressed the Tks4/5 adaptors, displayed a strong gelatinolytic ability and did not form linear podosomes. While maturing, MKs lost Tks expression together with digestive ability. However, those MKs were still able to remodel the matrix by exerting traction on collagen I fibers through a collaboration between GPVI, ß1 integrin and linear podosomes. Our data demonstrated that a change in structure and composition of podosomes accounted for the shift of function during megakaryopoiesis. These data highlight the fact that members of the invadosome family could correspond to different maturation status of the same entity, to adapt to functional responses required by differentiation stages of the cell that bears them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Oprescu
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Déborah Michel
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Adrien Antkowiak
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Vega
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Viaud
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon, USA
| | - Anita Eckly
- INSERM, UMR_S1255, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-GEST, Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri de la Salle
- INSERM, UMR_S1255, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-GEST, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Léon
- INSERM, UMR_S1255, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-GEST, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France.,CHU de Toulouse, laboratoire d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédérique Gaits-Iacovoni
- INSERM, UMR1297, Université Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France. .,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD, UMR5077), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI, FR3743), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse, France.
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14
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Deletion of Grin1 in mouse megakaryocytes reveals NMDA receptor role in platelet function and proplatelet formation. Blood 2022; 139:2673-2690. [PMID: 35245376 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of proplatelet formation (PPF) requires coordinated interaction between megakaryocytes (MKs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by a dynamic reorganization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Localized fluxes of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) facilitate MK-ECM interaction and PPF. Glutamate-gated N-methyl-D--aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is highly permeable to Ca2+. NMDAR antagonists inhibit MK maturation ex vivo, however there is no in vivo data. Using the Cre-loxP system, we generated a platelet lineage-specific knockout mouse model of reduced NMDAR function in MKs and platelets (Pf4-Grin1-/- mice). Effects of NMDAR deletion were examined using well-established assays of platelet function and production in vivo and ex vivo. We found that Pf4-Grin1-/- mice had defects in megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and platelet function, which manifested as reduced platelet counts, lower rates of platelet production in the immune model of thrombocytopenia, and a prolonged tail bleeding time. Platelet activation was impaired to a range of agonists associated with reduced Ca2+ responses, including metabotropic-like, and defective platelet spreading. MKs showed reduced colony and proplatelet formation. Impaired reorganization of intracellular F-actin and α-tubulin was identified as the main cause of reduced platelet function and production. Pf4-Grin1-/- MKs also had lower levels of transcripts encoding crucial ECM elements and enzymes, suggesting NMDAR signaling is involved in ECM remodeling. In summary, we provide the first genetic evidence that NMDAR plays an active role in platelet function and production. NMDARs regulate PPF through the mechanism that involves MK-ECM interaction and cytoskeletal reorganization. Our results suggest that NMDAR helps guide PPF in vivo.
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15
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The extracellular matrix of hematopoietic stem cell niches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114069. [PMID: 34838648 PMCID: PMC8860232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive overview of different classes of ECM molecules in the HSC niche. Overview of current knowledge on role of biophysics of the HSC niche. Description of approaches to create artificial stem cell niches for several application. Importance of considering ECM in drug development and testing.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the life-long source of all types of blood cells. Their function is controlled by their direct microenvironment, the HSC niche in the bone marrow. Although the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the niche by orchestrating niche architecture and cellular function is widely acknowledged, it is still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the ECM in HSC niches. For this purpose, we first briefly outline HSC niche biology and then review the role of the different classes of ECM molecules in the niche one by one and how they are perceived by cells. Matrix remodeling and the emerging importance of biophysics in HSC niche function are discussed. Finally, the application of the current knowledge of ECM in the niche in form of artificial HSC niches for HSC expansion or targeted differentiation as well as drug testing is reviewed.
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16
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Da Ros F, Persano L, Bizzotto D, Michieli M, Braghetta P, Mazzucato M, Bonaldo P. Emilin-2 is a component of bone marrow extracellular matrix regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and hematopoietic progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:2. [PMID: 35012633 PMCID: PMC8744352 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dissection of mechanisms involved in the regulation of bone marrow microenvironment through cell–cell and cell–matrix contacts is essential for the detailed understanding of processes underlying bone marrow activities both under physiological conditions and in hematologic malignancies. Here we describe Emilin-2 as an abundant extracellular matrix component of bone marrow stroma. Methods Immunodetection of Emilin-2 was performed in bone marrow sections of mice from 30 days to 6 months of age. Emilin-2 expression was monitored in vitro in primary and mesenchymal stem cell lines under undifferentiated and adipogenic conditions. Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors in bone marrow of 3- to 10-month-old wild-type and Emilin-2 null mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Emilin-2 is deposited in bone marrow extracellular matrix in an age-dependent manner, forming a meshwork that extends from compact bone boundaries to the central trabecular regions. Emilin-2 is expressed and secreted by both primary and immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, exerting an inhibitory action in adipogenic differentiation. In vivo Emilin-2 deficiency impairs the frequency of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow during aging. Conclusion Our data provide new insights in the contribution of bone marrow extracellular matrix microenvironment in the regulation of stem cell niches and hematopoietic progenitor differentiation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02674-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Da Ros
- SOSd Cell Stem Unit, Department of Translational Research, National Cancer Center CRO-IRCSS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.,IRP - Pediatric Research Institute, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Michieli
- SOSd Cell Therapy and High Dose Chemotherapy, National Cancer Center CRO- IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- SOSd Cell Stem Unit, Department of Translational Research, National Cancer Center CRO-IRCSS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy. .,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Matrix biophysical cues direct mesenchymal stromal cell functions in immunity. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:126-138. [PMID: 34365041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been used to design synthetic matrices that capture salient features of matrix microenvironments to study and control cellular functions. Recent advances in understanding of both extracellular matrix biology and biomaterial design have shown that biophysical cues are powerful mediators of cell biology, especially that of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs have been tested in many clinical trials because of their ability to modulate immune cells in different pathological conditions. While roles of biophysical cues in MSC biology have been studied in the context of multilineage differentiation, their significance in regulating immunomodulatory functions of MSCs is just beginning to be elucidated. This review first describes design principles behind how biophysical cues in native microenvironments influence the ability of MSCs to regulate immune cell production and functions. We will then discuss how biophysical cues can be leveraged to optimize cell isolation, priming, and delivery, which can help improve the success of MSC therapy for immunomodulation. Finally, a perspective is presented on how implementing biophysical cues in MSC potency assay can be important in predicting clinical outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal cells of mesenchymal origin are known to direct immune cell functions in vivo by secreting paracrine mediators. This property has been leveraged in developing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapeutics by adoptive transfer to treat immunological rejection and tissue injuries, which have been tested in over one thousand clinical trials to date, but with mixed success. Advances in biomaterial design have enabled precise control of biophysical cues based on how stromal cells interact with the extracellular matrix in microenvironments in situ. Investigators have begun to use this approach to understand how different matrix biophysical parameters, such as fiber orientation, porosity, dimensionality, and viscoelasticity impact stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation. The insights gained from this effort can potentially be used to precisely define the microenvironmental cues for isolation, priming, and delivery of MSCs, which can be tailored based on different disease indications for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
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18
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Nelson MR, Ghoshal D, Mejías JC, Rubio DF, Keith E, Roy K. A multi-niche microvascularized human bone marrow (hBM) on-a-chip elucidates key roles of the endosteal niche in hBM physiology. Biomaterials 2021; 270:120683. [PMID: 33556648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human bone marrow (hBM) is a complex organ critical for hematopoietic and immune homeostasis, and where many cancers metastasize. Understanding the fundamental biology of the hBM in health and diseases remain difficult due to complexity of studying or manipulating the BM in humans. Accurate biomaterial-based in vitro models of the hBM microenvironment are critical to further our understanding of the BM-niche and advancing new clinical interventions. Here we report a unique, 96-well format, microfluidic hBM-on-a-chip that incorporates the endosteal, central marrow, and perivascular niches of the human BM. Osteogenic differentiation of donor human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) produced robust mineralization on the bottom surface ("bone-like endosteal layer") of the device, and subsequent seeding of human endothelial cells and MSCs in a fibrin-collagen hydrogel network ("central marrow") on the top created an interconnected 3D microvascular network ("perivascular niche"). The 96-well format allows eight independent "chips" to be studied in one plate, thereby increasing throughput and reproducibility. We show that this complex, multi-niche microtissue accurately mimics hBM composition and microphysiology, while providing key insights on hematopoietic progenitor dynamics. Presence of the endosteal niche decreased the proliferation and increased maintenance of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Upon exposure to radiation, HSCs in the hBM-chips containing endosteal niches were less frequently apoptotic, suggesting a potentially radio-protective role of the osteoblast surface. Our methods and results provide a broad platform for creating complex, multi-niche, high-throughput microphysiological (MPS) systems. Specifically, this hBM-on-a-chip opens new opportunities in human bone marrow research and therapeutics development, and can be used to better understand normal and impaired hematopoiesis, and various hBM pathologies, including cancer and BM failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Nelson
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Delta Ghoshal
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Joscelyn C Mejías
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - David Frey Rubio
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Emily Keith
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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19
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Santos Rosalem G, Gonzáles Torres LA, de Las Casas EB, Mathias FAS, Ruiz JC, Carvalho MGR. Microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip technologies: A systematic review of the methods used to mimic bone marrow. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243840. [PMID: 33306749 PMCID: PMC7732112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is an organ responsible for crucial processes in living organs, e. g., hematopoiesis. In recent years, Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) devices have been used to satisfy the need for in vitro systems that better mimic the phenomena occurring in the BM microenvironment. Given the growing interest in these systems and the diversity of developed devices, an integrative systematic literature review is required. We have performed this review, following the PRISMA method aiming to identify the main characteristics and assess the effectiveness of the devices that were developed to represent the BM. A search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases using the keywords (("bone marrow" OR "hematopoietic stem cells" OR "haematopoietic stem cells") AND ("organ in a" OR "lab on a chip" OR "microfluidic" OR "microfluidic*" OR ("bioreactor" AND "microfluidic*"))). Original research articles published between 2009 and 2020 were included in the review, giving a total of 21 papers. The analysis of these papers showed that their main purpose was to study BM cells biology, mimic BM niches, model pathological BM, and run drug assays. Regarding the fabrication protocols, we have observed that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and soft lithography method were the most commonly used. To reproduce the microenvironment of BM, most devices used the type I collagen and alginate. Peristaltic and syringe pumps were mostly used for device perfusion. Regarding the advantages compared to conventional methods, there were identified three groups of OoC devices: perfused 3D BM; co-cultured 3D BM; and perfused co-cultured 3D BM. Cellular behavior and mimicking their processes and responses were the mostly commonly studied parameters. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of OoC devices for research purposes compared to conventional cell cultures. Furthermore, the devices have a wide range of applicability and the potential to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Santos Rosalem
- Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Biosystems and Genomics Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Computational and Systems Biology of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (PGBCS/IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Kim HN, Ruan Y, Ogana H, Kim YM. Cadherins, Selectins, and Integrins in CAM-DR in Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592733. [PMID: 33425742 PMCID: PMC7793796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukemia cells and the bone microenvironment is known to provide drug resistance in leukemia cells. This phenomenon, called cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), has been demonstrated in many subsets of leukemia including B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B- and T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are surface molecules that allow cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. CAMs not only recognize ligands for binding but also initiate the intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance upon binding to their ligands. Cadherins, selectins, and integrins are well-known cell adhesion molecules that allow binding to neighboring cells, ECM proteins, and soluble factors. The expression of cadherin, selectin, and integrin correlates with the increased drug resistance of leukemia cells. This paper will review the role of cadherins, selectins, and integrins in CAM-DR and the results of clinical trials targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Na Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yongsheng Ruan
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heather Ogana
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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The extracellular matrix: A key player in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. Blood Rev 2020; 48:100787. [PMID: 33317863 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells located in the bone marrow lay the foundation for multiple lineages of mature hematologic cells. Bone marrow niches are architecturally complex with specific cellular, physiochemical, and biomechanical factors. Increasing evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment contributes to the pathogenesis of hematological neoplasms. Numerous studies have deciphered the role of genetic mutations and chromosomal translocations in the development hematologic malignancies. Significant progress has also been made in understanding how the cellular components and cytokine interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment promote the evolution of hematologic cancers. Although the extracellular matrix is known to be a key player in the pathogenesis of various diseases, it's role in the progression of hematologic malignancies is less understood. In this review, we discuss the interactions between the extracellular matrix and malignant cells, and provide an overview of the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in sustaining hematologic malignancies.
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22
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Abbonante V, Di Buduo CA, Malara A, Laurent PA, Balduini A. Mechanisms of platelet release: in vivo studies and in vitro modeling. Platelets 2020; 31:717-723. [PMID: 32522064 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1774532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms related to platelet release in the context of the bone marrow niche are not completely known. In this review we discuss what has been discovered about four critical aspects of this process: 1) the bone marrow niche organization, 2) the role of the extracellular matrix components, 3) the mechanisms by which megakaryocytes release platelets and 4) the novel approaches to mimic the bone marrow environment and produce platelets ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Malara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
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23
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Zanetti C, Krause DS. "Caught in the net": the extracellular matrix of the bone marrow in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia. Exp Hematol 2020; 89:13-25. [PMID: 32755619 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the bone marrow microenvironment on normal hematopoiesis, but also leukemia, has largely been accepted. However, the focus has been predominantly on the role of various cell types or cytokines maintaining hematopoietic stem cells or protecting leukemia stem cells from different therapies. A frequently overlooked component of the bone marrow microenvironment is the extracellular matrix, which not only provides a mechanical scaffold, but also serves as a source of growth factors. We discuss here how extracellular matrix proteins directly or indirectly modulate hematopoietic stem cell physiology and influence leukemia progression. It is hoped that existing and future studies on this topic may propel forward the possibility of augmenting normal hematopoiesis and improving therapies for leukemia, for instance, by targeting of the extracellular matrix in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Zanetti
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela S Krause
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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24
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Scharff BFSS, Modvig S, Marquart HV, Christensen C. Integrin-Mediated Adhesion and Chemoresistance of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Residing in the Bone Marrow or the Central Nervous System. Front Oncol 2020; 10:775. [PMID: 32528884 PMCID: PMC7256886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in childhood. Despite a significantly improved prognosis over the last decade with a 5-years survival rate of ~90%, treatment-related morbidity remains substantial and relapse occurs in 10–15% of patients (1). The most common site of relapse is the bone marrow, but early colonization and subsequent reoccurrence of the disease in the central nervous system (CNS) also occurs. Integrins are a family of cell surface molecules with a longstanding history in cancer cell adherence, migration and metastasis. In chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), the VLA-4 integrin has been acknowledged as a prognostic marker and mounting evidence indicates that this and other integrins may also play a role in acute leukemia, including ALL. Importantly, integrins engage in anti-apoptotic signaling when binding extracellular molecules that are enriched in the bone marrow and CNS microenvironments. Here, we review the current evidence for a role of integrins in the adherence of ALL cells within the bone marrow and their colonization of the CNS, with particular emphasis on mechanisms adding to cancer cell survival and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Signe Modvig
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Vibeke Marquart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Christensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Matrix Mechanosensation in the Erythroid and Megakaryocytic Lineages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040894. [PMID: 32268541 PMCID: PMC7226728 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of the bone marrow microenvironment emerge from a combination of interactions between various extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins and soluble factors. Matrix stiffness directs stem cell fate, and both bone marrow stromal and hematopoietic cells respond to biophysical cues. Within the bone marrow, the megakaryoblasts and erythroblasts are thought to originate from a common progenitor, giving rise to fully mature magakaryocytes (the platelet precursors) and erythrocytes. Erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors sense and respond to the ECM through cell surface adhesion receptors such as integrins and mechanosensitive ion channels. While hematopoietic stem progenitor cells remain quiescent on stiffer ECM substrates, the maturation of the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages occurs on softer ECM substrates. This review surveys the major matrix structural proteins that contribute to the overall biomechanical tone of the bone marrow, as well as key integrins and mechanosensitive ion channels identified as ECM sensors in context of megakaryocytosis or erythropoiesis.
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26
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Furler RL, Newcombe KL, Del Rio Estrada PM, Reyes-Terán G, Uittenbogaart CH, Nixon DF. Histoarchitectural Deterioration of Lymphoid Tissues in HIV-1 Infection and in Aging. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:1148-1159. [PMID: 31474115 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired immunity is a common symptom of aging and advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. In both diseases, a decline in lymphocytic function and cellularity leads to ineffective adaptive immune responses to opportunistic infections and vaccinations. Furthermore, despite sustained myeloid cellularity there is a background of chronic immune activation and a decrease in innate immune function in aging. In HIV-1 disease, myeloid cellularity is often more skewed than in normal aging, but similar chronic activation and innate immune dysfunction typically arise. Similarities between aging and HIV-1 infection have led to several investigations into HIV-1-mediated aging of the immune system. In this article, we review various studies that report alterations of leukocyte number and function during aging, and compare those alterations with those observed during progressive HIV-1 disease. We pay particular attention to changes within lymphoid tissue microenvironments and how histoarchitectural changes seen in these two diseases affect immunity. As we review various immune compartments including peripheral blood as well as primary and secondary lymphoid organs, common themes arise that help explain the decline of immunity in the elderly and in HIV-1-infected individuals with advanced disease. In both conditions, lymphoid tissues often show signs of histoarchitectural deterioration through fat accumulation and/or fibrosis. These structural changes can be attributed to a loss of communication between leukocytes and the surrounding stromal cells that produce the extracellular matrix components and growth factors necessary for cell migration, cell proliferation, and lymphoid tissue function. Despite the common general impairment of immunity in aging and HIV-1 progression, deterioration of immunity is caused by distinct mechanisms at the cellular and tissue levels in these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Furler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kevin L. Newcombe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Perla M. Del Rio Estrada
- Departmento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” CDMX, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Departmento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” CDMX, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Christel H. Uittenbogaart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Medicine-Pediatrics, UCLA AIDS Institute and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Douglas F. Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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27
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Gilchrist AE, Lee S, Hu Y, Harley BA. Soluble Signals and Remodeling in a Synthetic Gelatin-Based Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900751. [PMID: 31532901 PMCID: PMC6813872 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow within niches that provide microenvironmental signals in the form of biophysical cues, bound and diffusible biomolecules, and heterotypic cell-cell interactions that influence HSC fate decisions. This study seeks to inform the development of a synthetic culture platform that promotes ex vivo HSC expansion without exhaustion. A library of methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels is used to explore remodeling and crosstalk from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on the expansion and quiescence of murine HSCs. The use of a degradable GelMA hydrogel enables MSC-mediated remodeling, yielding dynamic shifts in the matrix environment over time. An initially low-diffusivity hydrogel for co-culture of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to MSCs facilitates maintenance of an early progenitor cell population over 7 days. Excitingly, this platform promotes retention of a quiescent HSC population compared to HSC monocultures. These studies reveal MSC-density-dependent upregulation of MMP-9 and changes in hydrogel mechanical properties (ΔE = 2.61 ± 0.72) suggesting MSC-mediated matrix remodeling may contribute to a dynamic culture environment. Herein, a 3D hydrogel is reported for ex vivo HSC culture, in which HSC expansion and quiescence is sensitive to hydrogel properties, MSC co-culture, and MSC-mediated hydrogel remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sunho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
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28
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Berrien-Elliott MM, Sun Y, Neal C, Ireland A, Trissal MC, Sullivan RP, Wagner JA, Leong JW, Wong P, Mah-Som AY, Wong TN, Schappe T, Keppel CR, Cortez VS, Stamatiades EG, Li MO, Colonna M, Link DC, French AR, Cooper MA, Wang WL, Boldin MP, Reddy P, Fehniger TA. MicroRNA-142 Is Critical for the Homeostasis and Function of Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immunity 2019; 51:479-490.e6. [PMID: 31402259 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that defend against viruses and mediate anti-tumor responses, yet mechanisms controlling their development and function remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the abundantly expressed microRNA-142 (miR-142) is a critical regulator of type 1 ILC biology. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) signaling induced miR-142 expression, whereas global and ILC-specific miR-142-deficient mice exhibited a cell-intrinsic loss of NK cells. Death of NK cells resulted from diminished IL-15 receptor signaling within miR-142-deficient mice, likely via reduced suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (Socs1) regulation by miR-142-5p. ILCs persisting in Mir142-/- mice demonstrated increased expression of the miR-142-3p target αV integrin, which supported their survival. Global miR-142-deficient mice exhibited an expansion of ILC1-like cells concurrent with increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Further, miR-142-deficient mice had reduced NK-cell-dependent function and increased susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Thus, miR-142 critically integrates environmental cues for proper type 1 ILC homeostasis and defense against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yaping Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carly Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria C Trissal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan P Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Leong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annelise Y Mah-Som
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terrence N Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine R Keppel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor S Cortez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony R French
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei-Le Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mark P Boldin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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29
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Pericardin, a Drosophila collagen, facilitates accumulation of hemocytes at the heart. Dev Biol 2019; 454:52-65. [PMID: 31228417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell lineages support organismal needs by responding to positional and systemic signals that balance proliferative and differentiation events. Drosophila provides an excellent genetic model to dissect these signals, where the activity of cues in the hemolymph or substrate can be traced to determination and differentiation events of well characterized hemocyte types. Plasmatocytes in third instar larvae increase in number in response to infection and in anticipation of metamorphosis. Here we characterize hemocyte clustering, proliferation and transdifferentiation on the heart or dorsal vessel. Hemocytes accumulate on the inner foldings of the heart basement membrane, where they move with heart contraction, and are in proximity to the heart ostia and pericardial nephrocytes. The numbers of hemocytes vary, but increase transiently before pupariation, and decrease by 4 h before pupa formation. During their accumulation at the heart, plasmatocytes can proliferate and can transdifferentiate into crystal cells. Serrate expressing cells as well as lamellocyte-like, Atilla expressing ensheathing cells are associated with some, but not all hemocyte clusters. Hemocyte aggregation is enhanced by the presence of a heart specific Collagen, Pericardin, but not the associated pericardial cells. The varied and transient number of hemocytes in the pericardial compartment suggests that this is not a hematopoietic hub, but a niche supporting differentiation and rapid dispersal in response to systemic signals.
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30
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Addo RK, Heinrich F, Heinz GA, Schulz D, Sercan-Alp Ö, Lehmann K, Tran CL, Bardua M, Matz M, Löhning M, Hauser AE, Kruglov A, Chang HD, Durek P, Radbruch A, Mashreghi MF. Single-cell transcriptomes of murine bone marrow stromal cells reveal niche-associated heterogeneity. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1372-1379. [PMID: 31149730 PMCID: PMC6771914 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) stromal cells are important in the development and maintenance of cells of the immune system. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we here explore the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of individual transcriptomes of 1167 murine BM mesenchymal stromal cells. These cells exhibit a tremendous heterogeneity of gene expression, which precludes the identification of defined subpopulations. However, according to the expression of 108 genes involved in the communication of stromal cells with hematopoietic cells, we have identified 14 non‐overlapping subpopulations, with distinct cytokine or chemokine gene expression signatures. With respect to the maintenance of subsets of immune memory cells by stromal cells, we identified distinct subpopulations expressing Il7, Il15 and Tnfsf13b. Together, this study provides a comprehensive dissection of the BM stromal heterogeneity at the single cell transcriptome level and provides a basis to understand their lifestyle and their role as organizers of niches for the long‐term maintenance of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Addo
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Özen Sercan-Alp
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Sanofi-Aventis Germany, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Lehmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cam Loan Tran
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bardua
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareen Matz
- Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Löhning
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Kruglov
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Kim S, Shah SB, Graney PL, Singh A. Multiscale engineering of immune cells and lymphoid organs. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2019; 4:355-378. [PMID: 31903226 PMCID: PMC6941786 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoengineering applies quantitative and materials-based approaches for the investigation of the immune system and for the development of therapeutic solutions for various diseases, such as infection, cancer, inflammatory diseases and age-related malfunctions. The design of immunomodulatory and cell therapies requires the precise understanding of immune cell formation and activation in primary, secondary and ectopic tertiary immune organs. However, the study of the immune system has long been limited to in vivo approaches, which often do not allow multidimensional control of intracellular and extracellular processes, and to 2D in vitro models, which lack physiological relevance. 3D models built with synthetic and natural materials enable the structural and functional recreation of immune tissues. These models are being explored for the investigation of immune function and dysfunction at the cell, tissue and organ levels. In this Review, we discuss 2D and 3D approaches for the engineering of primary, secondary and tertiary immune structures at multiple scales. We highlight important insights gained using these models and examine multiscale engineering strategies for the design and development of immunotherapies. Finally, dynamic 4D materials are investigated for their potential to provide stimuli-dependent and context-dependent scaffolds for the generation of immune organ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Shivem B. Shah
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Pamela L. Graney
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Ankur Singh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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32
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Bone marrow sinusoidal endothelium as a facilitator/regulator of cell egress from the bone marrow. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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33
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Beta1 integrin blockade overcomes doxorubicin resistance in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:357. [PMID: 31043590 PMCID: PMC6494825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cancer chemoresistance. Leukemic T cells express several adhesion receptors of the β1 integrin subfamily with which they interact with ECM. However, the role of β1 integrins in chemoresistance of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is still ill defined. In this study, we demonstrate that interactions of human T-ALL cell lines and primary blasts with three-dimensional matrices including Matrigel and collagen type I gel promote their resistance to doxorubicin via β1 integrin. The blockade of β1 integrin with a specific neutralizing antibody sensitized xenografted CEM leukemic cells to doxorubicin, diminished the leukemic burden in the bone marrow and resulted in the extension of animal survival. Mechanistically, Matrigel/β1 integrin interaction enhanced T-ALL chemoresistance by promoting doxorubicin efflux through the activation of the ABCC1 drug transporter. Finally, our findings showed that Matrigel/β1 interaction enhanced doxorubicin efflux and chemoresistance by activating the FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) as both PYK2 inhibitor and siRNA diminished the effect of Matrigel. Collectively, these results support the role of β1 integrin in T-ALL chemoresistance and suggest that the β1 integrin pathway can constitute a therapeutic target to avoid chemoresistance and relapsed-disease in human T-ALL.
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34
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Raic A, Naolou T, Mohra A, Chatterjee C, Lee-Thedieck C. 3D models of the bone marrow in health and disease: yesterday, today and tomorrow. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 9:37-52. [PMID: 30931174 PMCID: PMC6436722 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2018.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their microenvironment in the human bone marrow ensures a life-long blood production by balancing stem cell maintenance and differentiation. This so-called HSC niche can be disturbed by malignant diseases. Investigating their consequences on hematopoiesis requires deep understanding of how the niches function in health and disease. To facilitate this, biomimetic models of the bone marrow are needed to analyse HSC maintenance and hematopoiesis under steady-state and diseased conditions. Here, 3D bone marrow models, their fabrication methods (including 3D bioprinting) and implementations recapturing bone marrow functions in health and diseases, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamarija Raic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Toufik Naolou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anna Mohra
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Chandralekha Chatterjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional
Interfaces, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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35
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Allenby MC, Panoskaltsis N, Tahlawi A, Dos Santos SB, Mantalaris A. Dynamic human erythropoiesis in a three-dimensional perfusion bone marrow biomimicry. Biomaterials 2019; 188:24-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Wong SW, Lenzini S, Shin JW. Perspective: Biophysical regulation of cancerous and normal blood cell lineages in hematopoietic malignancies. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031802. [PMID: 31069313 PMCID: PMC6324213 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that physical forces play important roles in cancer biology, in terms of progression, invasiveness, and drug resistance. Clinical progress in treating hematological malignancy and in developing cancer immunotherapy highlights the role of the hematopoietic system as a key model in devising new therapeutic strategies against cancer. Understanding mechanobiology of the hematopoietic system in the context of cancer will thus yield valuable fundamental insights that can information about novel cancer therapeutics. In this perspective, biophysical insights related to blood cancer are defined and detailed. The interactions with immune cells relevant to immunotherapy against cancer are considered and expounded, followed by speculation of potential regulatory roles of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in this complex network. Finally, a perspective is presented as to how insights from these complex interactions between matrices, blood cancer cells, immune cells, and MSCs can be leveraged to influence and engineer the treatment of blood cancers in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Wan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA and Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Stephen Lenzini
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA and Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA and Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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37
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Galeano C, Qiu Z, Mishra A, Farnsworth SL, Hemmi JJ, Moreira A, Edenhoffer P, Hornsby PJ. The Route by Which Intranasally Delivered Stem Cells Enter the Central Nervous System. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:501-514. [PMID: 29756518 PMCID: PMC6038044 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718754561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration is a promising route of delivery of stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). Reports on this mode of stem cell delivery have not yet focused on the route across the cribriform plate by which cells move from the nasal cavity into the CNS. In the current experiments, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from Wharton’s jelly of umbilical cords and were labeled with extremely bright quantum dots (QDs) in order to track the cells efficiently. At 2 h after intranasal delivery in immunodeficient mice, the labeled cells were found under the olfactory epithelium, crossing the cribriform plate adjacent to the fila olfactoria, and associated with the meninges of the olfactory bulb. At all times, the cells were separate from actual nerve tracts; this location is consistent with them being in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and its extensions through the cribriform plate into the nasal mucosa. In their location under the olfactory epithelium, they appear to be within an expansion of a potential space adjacent to the turbinate bone periosteum. Therefore, intranasally administered stem cells appear to cross the olfactory epithelium, enter a space adjacent to the periosteum of the turbinate bones, and then enter the SAS via its extensions adjacent to the fila olfactoria as they cross the cribriform plate. These observations should enhance understanding of the mode by which stem cells can reach the CNS from the nasal cavity and may guide future experiments on making intranasal delivery of stem cells efficient and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Galeano
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhifang Qiu
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anuja Mishra
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven L Farnsworth
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jacob J Hemmi
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter Edenhoffer
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Hornsby
- 1 Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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38
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Leiva O, Leon C, Kah Ng S, Mangin P, Gachet C, Ravid K. The role of extracellular matrix stiffness in megakaryocyte and platelet development and function. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:430-441. [PMID: 29247535 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key acellular structure in constant remodeling to provide tissue cohesion and rigidity. Deregulation of the balance between matrix deposition, degradation, and crosslinking results in fibrosis. Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) is associated with several malignant and nonmalignant pathologies severely affecting blood cell production. BMF results from abnormal deposition of collagen fibers and enhanced lysyl oxidase-mediated ECM crosslinking within the marrow, thereby increasing marrow stiffness. Bone marrow stiffness has been recently recognized as an important regulator of blood cell development, notably by modifying the fate and differentiation process of hematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells. This review surveys the different components of the ECM and their influence on stem cell development, with a focus on the impact of the ECM composition and stiffness on the megakaryocytic lineage in health and disease. Megakaryocyte maturation and the biogenesis of their progeny, the platelets, are thought to respond to environmental mechanical forces through a number of mechanosensors, including integrins and mechanosensitive ion channels, reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Leiva
- Department of Medicine; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Leon
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS; Strasbourg F-67000 France
| | - Seng Kah Ng
- Department of Medicine; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Pierre Mangin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS; Strasbourg F-67000 France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S 949, FMTS; Strasbourg F-67000 France
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
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Costa MHG, de Soure AM, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, da Silva CL. Hematopoietic Niche - Exploring Biomimetic Cues to Improve the Functionality of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [PMID: 29178199 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult bone marrow (BM) niche is a complex entity where a homeostatic hematopoietic system is maintained through a dynamic crosstalk between different cellular and non-cellular players. Signaling mechanisms triggered by cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM), cell-cytokine interactions, and local microenvironment parameters are involved in controlling quiescence, self-renewal, differentiation, and migration of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC). A promising strategy to more efficiently expand HSPC numbers and tune their properties ex vivo is to mimic the hematopoietic niche through integration of adjuvant stromal cells, soluble cues, and/or biomaterial-based approaches in HSPC culture systems. Particularly, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), through their paracrine activity or direct contact with HSPC, are thought to be a relevant niche player, positioning HSPC-MSC co-culture as a valuable platform to support the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitors. To improve the clinical outcome of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), namely when the available HSPC are present in a limited number such is the case of HSPC collected from umbilical cord blood (UCB), ex vivo expansion of HSPC is required without eliminating the long-term repopulating capacity of more primitive HSC. Here, we will focus on depicting the characteristics of co-culture systems, as well as other bioengineering approaches to improve the functionality of HSPC ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta H G Costa
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António M de Soure
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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40
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Bozzi V, Panza E, Barozzi S, Gruppi C, Seri M, Balduini C, Pecci A. Mutations responsible for MYH9-related thrombocytopenia impair SDF-1-driven migration of megakaryoblastic cells. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:693-704. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-02-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SummaryMYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is an autosomal-dominant thrombocytopenia caused by mutations in the gene for the heavy chain of nonmuscle myosin-IIA (NMMHC-IIA). Recent in vitro studies led to the hypothesis that thrombocytopenia of MYH9-RD derives from an ectopic platelet release by megakaryocytes in the osteoblastic areas of bone marrow (BM), which are enriched in type I collagen, rather than in vascular spaces. SDF-1-driven migration of megakaryocytes within BM to reach the vascular spaces is a key mechanism for platelet biogenesis. Since myosin-IIA is implicated in polarised migration of different cell types, we hypothesised that MYH9 mutations could interfere with this mechanism. We therefore investigated the SDF-1-driven migration of a megakaryoblastic cell line, Dami cells, on type I collagen or fibrinogen by a modified transwell assay. Inhibition of myosin-IIA ATPase activity suppressed the SDF-1-driven migration of Dami cells, while over-expression of NMMHC-IIA increased the efficiency of chemotaxis, indicat- ing a role for NMMHC-IIA in this mechanism. Transfection of cells with three MYH9 mutations frequently responsible for MYH9-RD (p.R702C, p.D1424H, or p.R1933X) resulted in a defective SDF-1-driven migration with respect to the wild-type counterpart and in increased cell spreading onto collagen. Analysis of differential localisation of wild-type and mutant proteins suggested that mutant NMMHC-IIAs had an impaired cytoplasmic re-organisation in functional cytoskeletal structures after cell adhesion to collagen. These findings support the hypothesis that a defect of SDF-1-driven migration of megakaryocytes induced by MYH9 mutations contributes to ectopic platelet release in the BM osteoblastic areas, resulting in ineffective platelet production.
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A dual role for the class III PI3K, Vps34, in platelet production and thrombus growth. Blood 2017; 130:2032-2042. [PMID: 28903944 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-781641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover the role of Vps34, the sole class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, we created a mouse model with Vps34 deletion in the MK/platelet lineage (Pf4-Cre/Vps34lox/lox). Deletion of Vps34 in MKs led to the loss of its regulator protein, Vps15, and was associated with microthrombocytopenia and platelet granule abnormalities. Although Vps34 deficiency did not affect MK polyploidisation or proplatelet formation, it dampened MK granule biogenesis and directional migration toward an SDF1α gradient, leading to ectopic platelet release within the bone marrow. In MKs, the level of phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) was significantly reduced by Vps34 deletion, resulting in endocytic/trafficking defects. In platelets, the basal level of PI3P was only slightly affected by Vps34 loss, whereas the stimulation-dependent pool of PI3P was significantly decreased. Accordingly, a significant increase in the specific activity of Vps34 lipid kinase was observed after acute platelet stimulation. Similar to Vps34-deficient platelets, ex vivo treatment of wild-type mouse or human platelets with the Vps34-specific inhibitors, SAR405 and VPS34-IN1, induced abnormal secretion and affected thrombus growth at arterial shear rate, indicating a role for Vps34 kinase activity in platelet activation, independent from its role in MKs. In vivo, Vps34 deficiency had no impact on tail bleeding time, but significantly reduced platelet prothrombotic capacity after carotid injury. This study uncovers a dual role for Vps34 as a regulator of platelet production by MKs and as an unexpected regulator of platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation dynamics.
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Redondo PA, Pavlou M, Loizidou M, Cheema U. Elements of the niche for adult stem cell expansion. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417725464. [PMID: 28890779 PMCID: PMC5574483 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417725464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are crucial for tissue homeostasis. These cells reside within exclusive locations in tissues, termed niches, which protect adult stem cell fidelity and regulate their many functions through biophysical-, biochemical- and cellular-mediated mechanisms. There is a growing understanding of how these mechanisms and their components contribute towards maintaining stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, expansion and differentiation patterns. In vitro expansion of adult stem cells is a powerful tool for understanding stem cell biology, and for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, it is technically challenging, since adult stem cell removal from their native microenvironment has negative repercussions on their sustainability. In this review, we overview specific elements of the biomimetic niche and how recreating such elements can help in vitro propagation of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Redondo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Pavlou
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
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43
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Mousa A, Cui C, Song A, Myneni VD, Sun H, Li JJ, Murshed M, Melino G, Kaartinen MT. Transglutaminases factor XIII-A and TG2 regulate resorption, adipogenesis and plasma fibronectin homeostasis in bone and bone marrow. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:844-854. [PMID: 28387755 PMCID: PMC5423109 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate bone mass is maintained by bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage cells control osteoclastogenesis via expression of RANKL and OPG (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and osteoprotegerin), which promote and inhibit bone resorption, respectively. Protein crosslinking enzymes transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A) have been linked to activity of myeloid and MSC lineage cells; however, in vivo evidence has been lacking to support their function. In this study, we show in mice that TG2 and FXIII-A control monocyte-macrophage cell differentiation into osteoclasts as well as RANKL production in MSCs and in adipocytes. Long bones of mice lacking TG2 and FXIII-A transglutaminases, show compromised biomechanical properties and trabecular bone loss in axial and appendicular skeleton. This was caused by increased osteoclastogenesis, a cellular phenotype that persists in vitro. The increased potential of TG2 and FXIII-A deficient monocytes to form osteoclasts was reversed by chemical inhibition of TG activity, which revealed the presence of TG1 in osteoclasts and assigned different roles for the TGs as regulators of osteoclastogenesis. TG2- and FXIII-A-deficient mice had normal osteoblast activity, but increased bone marrow adipogenesis, MSCs lacking TG2 and FXIII-A showed high adipogenic potential and significantly increased RANKL expression as well as upregulated TG1 expression. Chemical inhibition of TG activity in the null cells further increased adipogenic potential and RANKL production. Altered differentiation of TG2 and FXIII-A null MSCs was associated with plasma fibronectin (FN) assembly defect in cultures and FN retention in serum and marrow in vivo instead of assembly into bone. Our findings provide new functions for TG2, FXIII-A and TG1 in bone cells and identify them as novel regulators of bone mass, plasma FN homeostasis, RANKL production and myeloid and MSC cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Mousa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cui Cui
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aimei Song
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vamsee D Myneni
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Huifang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jin Jin Li
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department Experimental Medicine & Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE19HN, UK
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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44
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Craft CS, Scheller EL. Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:461-475. [PMID: 27364342 PMCID: PMC5618436 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes of the marrow adipose tissue (MAT) are distributed throughout the skeleton, are embedded in extracellular matrix, and are surrounded by cells of the hematopoietic and osteogenic lineages. MAT is a persistent component of the skeletal microenvironment and has the potential to impact local processes including bone accrual and hematopoietic function. In this review, we discuss the initial evolution of MAT in vertebrate lineages while emphasizing comparisons to the development of peripheral adipose, hematopoietic, and skeletal tissues. We then apply these evolutionary clues to define putative functions of MAT. Lastly, we explore the regulation of MAT by two major components of its microenvironment, the extracellular matrix and the nerves embedded within. The extracellular matrix and nerves contribute to both rapid and continuous modification of the MAT niche and may help to explain evolutionary conserved mechanisms underlying the coordinated regulation of blood, bone, and MAT within the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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45
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Lewis NS, Lewis EE, Mullin M, Wheadon H, Dalby MJ, Berry CC. Magnetically levitated mesenchymal stem cell spheroids cultured with a collagen gel maintain phenotype and quiescence. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417704428. [PMID: 28616152 PMCID: PMC5460809 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417704428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids are an established system for three-dimensional cell culture. Spheroids are typically generated using hanging drop or non-adherent culture; however, an emerging technique is to use magnetic levitation. Herein, mesenchymal stem cell spheroids were generated using magnetic nanoparticles and subsequently cultured within a type I collagen gel, with a view towards developing a bone marrow niche environment. Cells were loaded with magnetic nanoparticles, and suspended beneath an external magnet, inducing self-assembly of multicellular spheroids. Cells in spheroids were viable and compared to corresponding monolayer controls, maintained stem cell phenotype and were quiescent. Interestingly, core spheroid necrosis was not observed, even with increasing spheroid size, in contrast to other commonly used spheroid systems. This mesenchymal stem cell spheroid culture presents a potential platform for modelling in vitro bone marrow stem cell niches, elucidating interactions between cells, as well as a useful model for drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Lewis
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (IMCSB), The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emily El Lewis
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (IMCSB), The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- Electron Microscopy Unit, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (IMCSB), The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Catherine C Berry
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (IMCSB), The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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46
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Choi JS, Harley BAC. Marrow-inspired matrix cues rapidly affect early fate decisions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1600455. [PMID: 28070554 PMCID: PMC5218514 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the physiological process where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously generate the body's complement of blood and immune cells within unique regions of the bone marrow termed niches. Although previous investigations have revealed gradients in cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) content across the marrow, and matrix elasticity and ligand type are believed to be strong regulators of stem cell fate, the impact of biophysical signals on HSC response is poorly understood. Using marrow-inspired ECM ligand-coated polyacrylamide substrates that present defined stiffness and matrix ligand cues, we demonstrate that the interplay between integrin engagement and myosin II activation processes affects the morphology, proliferation, and myeloid lineage specification of primary murine HSCs within 24 hours ex vivo. Notably, the impact of discrete biophysical signals on HSC fate decisions appears to be correlated to known microenvironmental transitions across the marrow. The combination of fibronectin and marrow matrix-associated stiffness was sufficient to maintain hematopoietic progenitor populations, whereas collagen and laminin enhanced proliferation and myeloid differentiation, respectively. Inhibiting myosin II-mediated contraction or adhesion to fibronectin via specific integrins (α5β1 and ανβ3) selectively abrogated the impact of the matrix environment on HSC fate decisions. Together, these findings indicate that adhesive interactions and matrix biophysical properties are critical design considerations in the development of biomaterials to direct HSC behavior in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Corresponding author.
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47
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Bendall L. Extracellular molecules in hematopoietic stem cell mobilisation. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:118-128. [PMID: 27826715 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are a remarkable resource currently used for the life saving treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, hematopoietic stem cells are primarily obtained from mobilized peripheral blood following treatment of the donor with the cytokine G-CSF, and in some settings, chemotherapy and/or the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor. The collection of hematopoietic stem cells is contingent on adequate and timely mobilization of these cells into the peripheral blood. The use of healthy donors, particularly when unrelated to the patient, requires mobilization strategies be safe for the donor. While current mobilization strategies are largely successful, adequate mobilization fails to occur in a significant portion of donors. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the egress of stem cells from the bone marrow provides opportunities to further improve the process of collecting hematopoietic stem cells. Here, the role extracellular components of the blood and bone marrow in the mobilization process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bendall
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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48
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Levesque JP, Winkler IG. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis: from Bench to Bedside. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Semeniak D, Kulawig R, Stegner D, Meyer I, Schwiebert S, Bösing H, Eckes B, Nieswandt B, Schulze H. Proplatelet formation is selectively inhibited by collagen type I through Syk-independent GPVI signaling. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3473-84. [PMID: 27505889 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen receptors GPVI (also known as GP6) and integrin α2β1 are highly expressed on blood platelets and megakaryocytes, their immediate precursors. After vessel injury, subendothelial collagen becomes exposed and induces platelet activation to prevent blood loss. Collagen types I and IV are thought to have opposite effects on platelet biogenesis, directing proplatelet formation (PPF) towards the blood vessels to prevent premature release within the marrow cavity. We used megakaryocytes lacking collagen receptors or treated megakaryocytes with blocking antibodies, and could demonstrate that collagen-I-mediated inhibition of PPF is specifically controlled by GPVI. Other collagen types competed for binding and diminished the inhibitory signal, which was entirely dependent on receptor-proximal Src family kinases, whereas Syk and LAT were dispensable. Adhesion assays indicate that megakaryocyte binding to collagens is mediated by α2β1, and that collagen IV at the vascular niche might displace collagen I from megakaryocytes and thus contribute to prevention of premature platelet release into the marrow cavity and thereby directionally promote PPF at the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Semeniak
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kulawig
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Rudolf Virchow-Zentrum, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Imke Meyer
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Schwiebert
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bösing
- Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Rudolf Virchow-Zentrum, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Laboratory for Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité-University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Smaldone S, Bigarella CL, Del Solar M, Ghaffari S, Ramirez F. Fibrillin-1 microfibrils influence adult bone marrow hematopoiesis. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:88-94. [PMID: 26610678 PMCID: PMC4875809 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that fibrillin-1 assemblies regulate the fate of skeletal stem cells (aka, mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) by modulating TGFβ activity within the microenvironment of adult bone marrow niches. Since MSCs can also influence hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activities, here we investigated adult hematopoiesis in mice with Cre-mediated inactivation of the fibrillin-1 (Fbn1) gene in the mesenchyme of the forming limbs (Fbn1(Prx1-/-) mice). Analyses of 3-month-old Fbn1(Prx1-/-) mice revealed a statistically significant increase of circulating red blood cells, which a differentiation assay correlated with augmented erythropoiesis. This finding, together with evidence of fibrillin-1 deposition in erythroblastic niches, supported the notion that this extracellular matrix protein normally restricts differentiation of erythroid progenitors. Whereas flow cytometry measurements identified a decreased HSC frequency in mutant relative to wild type mice, no appreciable differences were noted with regard to the relative abundance and differentiation potential of myeloid progenitor cells. Together these findings implied that fibrillin-1 normally promotes HSC expansion but does not influence cell lineage commitment. Since local TGFβ hyperactivity has been associated with abnormal osteogenesis in Fbn1(Prx1-/-) mice, 1-month-old mutant and wild type animals were systemically treated for 8weeks with either a pan-TGF-β-neutralizing antibody or an antibody of the same IgG1 isotype. The distinct outcomes of these pharmacological interventions strongly suggest that fibrillin-1 differentially modulates TGFβ activity in HSC vs. erythroid niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Carolina L Bigarella
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Maria Del Solar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029.
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