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Mithra S, Majeed SA, Aatif AM, Suryakodi S, Ahmed AN, Taju G, Wazith MJA, Kumar PR, Hameed ASS. Application of Novel Gill Cell Line from Lates calcarifer for Recognizing Metals Using Probes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04229-x. [PMID: 38780857 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lates calcarifer (Bloch) is a potential candidate fish species for culture in marine and brackishwater. A continuous gill cell line was derived from L. calcarifer by the explant culture method and has been passaged for 132 times, in Leibovitz's L-15 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 28 °C. The cells showed a rate of recovery between 90 and 95% after being successfully cryopreserved at various passage levels and formed monolayer in 2-3 days without any morphological changes. Immunophenotypic analysis of the SBG cell line revealed that they are of epithelial origin. Polymerase chain reaction assay using mitochondrial 12S rRNA primer specific to L. calcarifer was used to confirm the authenticity of the established gill cell line origin from seabass. The transfection efficiency was evaluated in Seabass Gill (SBG) cell line using pEGFP-N1 and Lipofectamine™ 3000. Transfection efficiency was found to be between 13 and 16%. The cytotoxicity of three different metal detecting probes was evaluated by MTT and Alamar blue assays to determine safe concentration. The result revealed that SBG cell line can be applied for recognition of metals using probes. The current study established, for the first time, a gill-derived cell line (SBG) from Lates calcarifer and its application for the detection of intracellular indium, mercury, and lutetium ions by specific fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Mithra
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seepoo Abdul Majeed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arni Mujthaba Aatif
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvam Suryakodi
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Nafeez Ahmed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gani Taju
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Jaffer Abdul Wazith
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palsamy Ramesh Kumar
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam, 623520, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, 632509, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Pande A, Thakuria D, Kushwaha B, Kumar R, S M, Rastogi A, Sood N. A cell line derived from heart of rainbow trout is refractory to Tilapia lake virus. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:347-357. [PMID: 38212941 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cell lines are important in vitro models to answer biological mechanisms with less genetic variations. The present study was attempted to develop a cell line from rainbow trout, where we obtained a cell line from the heart, named "RBT-H." The cell line was authenticated using karyotyping and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequencing. The karyotype demonstrated diploid chromosome number (2n) as 62 and the sequence of partial COI gene was 99.84% similar to rainbow trout COI data set, both suggesting the origin of RBT-H from the rainbow trout. The heart cell line was mycoplasma-free and found to be refractory to infection with the Tilapia lake virus. The RBT-H cell line is deposited in the National Repository of Fish Cell Line (NRFC) at ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow, India, with Accession no. NRFC0075 for maintenance and distribution to researchers on request for R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pande
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Basdeo Kushwaha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali S
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aakriti Rastogi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Carneiro KDS, Franchi LP, Rocha TL. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers seen as emerging threat to fish: Historical review and trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169483. [PMID: 38151128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the third allotropic carbon form, carbon-based one-dimensional nanomaterials (1D-CNMs) became an attractive and new technology with different applications that range from electronics to biomedical and environmental technologies. Despite their broad application, data on environmental risks remain limited. Fish are widely used in ecotoxicological studies and biomonitoring programs. Thus, the aim of the current study was to summarize and critically analyze the literature focused on investigating the bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological impacts of 1D-CNMs (carbon nanotubes and nanofibers) on different fish species. In total, 93 articles were summarized and analyzed by taking into consideration the following aspects: bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, organ-specific toxicity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and behavioral changes. Results have evidenced that the analyzed studies were mainly carried out with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which were followed by single-walled nanotubes and nanofibers. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was the main fish species used as model system. CNMs' ecotoxicity in fish depends on their physicochemical features, functionalization, experimental design (e.g. exposure time, concentration, exposure type), as well as on fish species and developmental stage. CNMs' action mechanism and toxicity in fish are associated with oxidative stress, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Overall, fish are a suitable model system to assess the ecotoxicity of, and the environmental risk posed by, CNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla da Silva Carneiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pereira Franchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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4
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Luo X, Fu X, Zhang M, Liang H, Niu Y, Lin Q, Ma B, Liu L, Li N. Development of a New Marine Fish Continuous Cell Line Derived from Brain of Red Sea Bream ( Pagrosomus major) and Its Application to Fish Virology and Heavy Metal Toxicology. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3524. [PMID: 38003142 PMCID: PMC10668679 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Red sea bream (Pagrosomus major) is one of the most popular farmed marine teleost fish species. Fish cell lines are becoming important research tool in the aquaculture field, and they are suitable models to study fish virology, immunology and toxicology. To obtain a Pagrosomus major cell line for biological studies, a continuous cell line from brain of red sea bream (designated as RSBB cell line) was established and has been successfully subcultured over 100 passages. The RSBB cell line predominantly consisted of fibroblast-like cells and multiplied well in M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 28 °C. Karyotyping analysis indicated that the modal chromosome numbers of RSBB cells was 48. After transfection with pEGFP-N1, RSBB cells showed bright green fluorescence with a transfection efficiency approaching 8%. For toxicology study, it was demonstrated that metal Cd could induce cytotoxic effects of RSBB cells, accompanied with a dose-dependent MTT conversion capacity. Morphologically, cells treated with metal Cd produced rounding, shrinking and detaching and induced both cell apoptosis and necrosis. For virology study, the RSBB cells were highly susceptible to Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) with steady titers (i.e., 108.0~8.3 TCID50 mL-1 and 107.0~7.2 TCID50 mL-1 respectively). Furthermore, an obvious cytopathic effect (CPE) could be observed in RSBB cells infected with Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdoviruses (SCRV). Meanwhile, all the infections were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The new brain cell line developed and characterized from red sea bream in this study could be used as an in vitro model for fish studies in the fields of toxicology and virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Luo
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hongru Liang
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Yinjie Niu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Baofu Ma
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China
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5
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Geyer N, Kaminsky S, Confino S, Livne ZBM, Gothilf Y, Foulkes NS, Vallone D. Establishment of cell lines from individual zebrafish embryos. Lab Anim 2023; 57:518-528. [PMID: 36896487 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231157162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing use of fish as model species for research, cell cultures derived from caudal fin explants as well as pre-hatching stage embryos have provided powerful in vitro tools that can complement or serve as an ethically more acceptable alternative to live animal experiments. The widely-used protocols to establish these lines require, as a starting point, homogeneous pools of embryos or viable adult fish which are large enough for collecting sufficient fin tissue. This excludes the use of fish lines with adverse phenotypes or lines that exhibit mortality at early developmental stages and so can only be propagated as heterozygotes. Specifically, when no visually overt mutant phenotype is detectable for identifying homozygous mutants at early embryonic stages, it is then impossible to sort pools of embryos with the same genotypes to generate cell lines from the progeny of a heterozygote in-cross. Here, we describe a simple protocol to generate cell lines on a large scale starting from individual early embryos that can subsequently be genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. This protocol should help to establish fish cell culture models as a routine approach for the functional characterization of genetic changes in fish models such as the zebrafish. Furthermore, it should contribute to a reduction of experiments which are ethically discouraged to avoid pain and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Geyer
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kaminsky
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shir Confino
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Zohar Ben-Moshe Livne
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nicholas S Foulkes
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Vallone
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
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6
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Yang J, Wang YYL, Kazmi SSUH, Mo J, Fan H, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang Z. Evaluation of in vitro toxicity information for zebrafish as a promising alternative for chemical hazard and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162262. [PMID: 36801337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays are widely proposed as a test alternative to traditional in vivo standard acute and chronic toxicity tests. However, whether toxicity information derived from in vitro assays instead of in vivo tests could provide sufficient protection (e.g., 95 % of protection) for chemical risks remain evaluated. To investigate the feasibility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell-based in vitro test method as a test alternative, we comprehensively compared sensitivity differences among endpoints, among test methods (in vitro, FET and in vivo), and between zebrafish and rat (Rattus norvegicus), respectively using chemical toxicity distribution (CTD) approach. For each test method involved, sublethal endpoints were more sensitive than lethal endpoints for both zebrafish and rat, respectively. Biochemistry (zebrafish in vitro), development (zebrafish in vivo and FET), physiology (rat in vitro) and development (rat in vivo) were the most sensitive endpoints for each test method. Nonetheless, zebrafish FET test was the least sensitive one compared to its in vivo and in vitro tests for either lethal or sublethal responses. Comparatively, rat in vitro tests considering cell viability and physiology endpoints were more sensitive than rat in vivo test. Zebrafish was found to be more sensitive than rat regardless of in vivo or in vitro tests for each pairwise endpoint of concern. Those findings indicate that zebrafish in vitro test is a feasible test alternative to zebrafish in vivo and FET test and traditional mammalian test. It is suggesting that zebrafish in vitro test can be optimized by choosing more sensitive endpoints, such as biochemistry to provide sufficient protection for zebrafish in vivo test and to establish applications of zebrafish in vitro test in future risk assessment. Our findings are vital for evaluating and further application of in vitro toxicity toxicity information as an alternative for chemical hazard and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yolina Yu Lin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hailin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Wlodkowic D, Jansen M. High-throughput screening paradigms in ecotoxicity testing: Emerging prospects and ongoing challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135929. [PMID: 35944679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing number of new production chemicals coupled with stringent implementation of global chemical management programs necessities a paradigm shift towards boarder uses of low-cost and high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies as well as deeper understanding of cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of ecotoxicity that can be used in effective risk assessment. The latter will require automated acquisition of biological data, new capabilities for big data analysis as well as computational simulations capable of translating new data into in vivo relevance. However, very few efforts have been so far devoted into the development of automated bioanalytical systems in ecotoxicology. This is in stark contrast to standardized and high-throughput chemical screening and prioritization routines found in modern drug discovery pipelines. As a result, the high-throughput and high-content data acquisition in ecotoxicology is still in its infancy with limited examples focused on cell-free and cell-based assays. In this work we outline recent developments and emerging prospects of high-throughput bioanalytical approaches in ecotoxicology that reach beyond in vitro biotests. We discuss future importance of automated quantitative data acquisition for cell-free, cell-based as well as developments in phytotoxicity and in vivo biotests utilizing small aquatic model organisms. We also discuss recent innovations such as organs-on-a-chip technologies and existing challenges for emerging high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies. Lastly, we provide seminal examples of the small number of successful high-throughput implementations that have been employed in prioritization of chemicals and accelerated environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Marcus Jansen
- LemnaTec GmbH, Nerscheider Weg 170, 52076, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Sathiyanarayanan A, Goswami M, Nagpure N, Babu P G, Das DK. Development and characterization of a new gill cell line from the striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:367-380. [PMID: 35169909 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines as an in vitro model developed from different target organs of fish find their use in virus susceptibility, cytotoxicity, gene expression studies. The striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, is one of the main species in aquaculture, especially in Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, Indonesia, China, India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. The present study reports the development of a new permanent cell line from the gills of P. hypophthalmus designated as PHG and its application in toxicological research. Leibovitz's L-15 cell culture medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used to maintain cell line PHG. The morphology of the PHG cell line was observed fibroblastic-like. PHG cells grew well at varying temperatures ranging from 24 to 30 °C with an optimum temperature of 28 °C. The PHG cell line was characterized using a sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I, which authenticated the species of origin of the cell line. The cell line was transfected with a pEGFP-C1 plasmid, and the transfection reporter gene was successfully expressed 48 h post-transfection with 9% transfection efficiency. The toxicity assessment of two organophosphate pesticides, chlorpyrifos, and malathion using the PHG cell line revealed that the two organophosphate pesticides were cytotoxic to the cell line at varying concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Sathiyanarayanan
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Naresh Nagpure
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gireesh Babu P
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanjit Kumar Das
- Genetic Research Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
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Schuijt LM, Peng FJ, van den Berg SJP, Dingemans MML, Van den Brink PJ. (Eco)toxicological tests for assessing impacts of chemical stress to aquatic ecosystems: Facts, challenges, and future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148776. [PMID: 34328937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of chemicals in the aquatic environment by chemical analysis alone cannot completely assess and predict the effects of chemicals on aquatic species and ecosystems. This is primarily because of the increasing number of (unknown) chemical stressors and mixture effects present in the environment. In addition, the ability of ecological indices to identify underlying stressors causing negative ecological effects is limited. Therefore, additional complementary methods are needed that can address the biological effects in a direct manner and provide a link to chemical exposure, i.e. (eco)toxicological tests. (Eco)toxicological tests are defined as test systems that expose biological components (cells, individuals, populations, communities) to (environmental mixtures of) chemicals to register biological effects. These tests measure responses at the sub-organismal (biomarkers and in vitro bioassays), whole-organismal, population, or community level. We performed a literature search to obtain a state-of-the-art overview of ecotoxicological tests available for assessing impacts of chemicals to aquatic biota and to reveal datagaps. In total, we included 509 biomarkers, 207 in vitro bioassays, 422 tests measuring biological effects at the whole-organismal level, and 78 tests at the population- community- and ecosystem-level. Tests at the whole-organismal level and biomarkers were most abundant for invertebrates and fish, whilst in vitro bioassays are mostly based on mammalian cell lines. Tests at the community- and ecosystem-level were almost missing for organisms other than microorganisms and algae. In addition, we provide an overview of the various extrapolation challenges faced in using data from these tests and suggest some forward looking perspectives. Although extrapolating the measured responses to relevant protection goals remains challenging, the combination of ecotoxicological experiments and models is key for a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of chemical stressors to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Schuijt
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sanne J P van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Lungu-Mitea S, Vogs C, Carlsson G, Montag M, Frieberg K, Oskarsson A, Lundqvist J. Modeling Bioavailable Concentrations in Zebrafish Cell Lines and Embryos Increases the Correlation of Toxicity Potencies across Test Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:447-457. [PMID: 33320646 PMCID: PMC7872314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Linking cellular toxicity to low-tier animal toxicity and beyond is crucial within the adverse outcome pathway concept and the 3R framework. This study aimed to determine and compare the bioavailable effect concentrations in zebrafish cell lines and embryos. Acute, short-term toxicity (48 h) of eight veterinary pharmaceuticals was measured in two zebrafish cell lines (hepatocytes, fibroblasts) and zebrafish embryos. Seven endpoints of cytotoxicity were recorded. The fish embryo acute toxicity test was modified by adding sublethal endpoints. Chemical distribution modeling (mass balance) was applied to compute the bioavailable compound concentrations in cells (Cfree) and embryos (Cint;aq) based on nominal effect concentrations (Cnom). Effect concentration ratios were calculated (cell effects/embryo effects). A low correlation was observed between cytotoxicity and embryo toxicity when nominal concentrations were used. Modeled bioavailable effect concentrations strongly increased correlations and placed regression lines close to the line of unity and axis origin. Cytotoxicity endpoints showed differences in sensitivity and predictability. The hepatocyte cell line depicted closer proximity to the embryo data. Conclusively, the high positive correlation between the cell- and embryo-based test systems emphasizes the appropriate modulation of toxicity when linked to bioavailable concentrations. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of fish cell lines to be utilized in integrated testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lungu-Mitea
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maximiliane Montag
- Institute
for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Frieberg
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department
of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Ruiz-Palacios M, Almeida M, Martins MA, Oliveira M, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Establishment of a brain cell line (FuB-1) from mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and its application to fish virology, immunity and nanoplastics toxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134821. [PMID: 31791770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The marine fish mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), extensively used as research model, including in ecotoxicology, for over a century has been surpassed by other fish species. This fact may be associated with the lack of cell lines from this species, excellent models for the comprehension of fish physiology, immunology, toxicology and virology, that contribute to the reduction in the number of animals used in research. We have generated, for the first time, a brain-derived cell line from mummichog, FuB-1, and evaluated its application to the fields of fish virology, immunity and toxicology. First, FuB-1 cells show epithelial morphology and neural stem/astroglial origin. Secondly, FuB-1 cells effectively supports the replication of both spring viremia carp (SVCV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV) viruses, but not nodavirus (NNV), indicating its potential use for fish virology. Related to this, FuB-1 cells infected with NNV up-regulate the transcription of genes related to the antiviral immune response, leading to cell resistance; while they are unaltered when infected with IPNV and SVCV, facilitating viral replication. Finally, FuB-1 cells were used for toxicological purposes and we demonstrated that exposure to either polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-100) or several human-usage pharmaceuticals are cytotoxic. Additionally, PS-100 particles increase the antioxidant catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities and decrease the total non-protein thiols in FuB-1 cells. However, PS-100 particles are able to reduce the cytotoxic effects induced by the pharmaceuticals. In conclusion, we have generated a cell line from mummichog, which might represent a valuable model for fish studies in the fields of virology, immunology and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ruiz-Palacios
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mónica Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Martins
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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12
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Huang T, Zhu D, Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhang SN, Qin WC, Li C, Zhao YH. Theoretical consideration on the prediction of in vivo toxicity from in vitro toxicity: Effect of bio-uptake equilibrium, kinetics and mode of action. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:433-440. [PMID: 30660904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although in vitro assay is an ideal alternative method for the in vivo toxicity prediction, different in vivo-in vitro correlations have been observed for the toxicity endpoints obtained from different levels of species. In this paper, theoretical in vivo-in vitro toxicity correlations have been developed for cytotoxicity versus human, mammalian and fish toxicity, respectively. These theoretical models were then used to investigate the correlations and the influencing factors between in vivo and in vitro toxicity. Bio-uptake equilibrium theory can well explain why there is a significant correlation between fish and cell toxicity (R2 = 0.70); why human toxicity is very close to fish toxicity; and why hydrophobic compounds exhibit relatively greater toxicity than reactive or specifically-acting compounds to human and fish as compared to cells. The kinetic theory can well explain why there is a very poor relationship between mammal and cell toxicity (R2 = 0.44). This paper reveals that polar and ionized compounds can more easily pass through cell membrane and have greater bioconcentration potential. Increasing of hydrophobicity and ionization can increase the cytotoxicity. Inclusion of descriptors representing hydrophobicity, ionization, acidity and absorption into the correlation equations can significantly improve the correlations of cytotoxicity with human and fish toxicity (R2 > 0.8), but not with mammal toxicity (R2 = 0.49). These descriptors reflect the differences of the toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics between cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Di Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Sheng N Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Wei C Qin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China.
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13
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Vo NTK, Seymour CB, Mothersill CE. The common field lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol is a potential radiosensitizer in fish cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:383-388. [PMID: 30623885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if the common field lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) that is intended to eradicate the invasive species sea lampreys in the Great Lakes has the potential to sensitize radiation responses in cells from non-targeted native fish MATERIALS AND METHODS: The TFM toxicity was assessed acutely and chronically with the clonogenic fish cell line eelB. The acute toxicity (24-h exposure) was determined by the fluorescent cell viability probe Alamar Blue. The chronic toxicity was determined either by Alamar Blue (7-d exposure) or the clonogenic survival assay (14-d exposure). Pre- and post-exposure of fish cells to environmentally relevant TFM concentrations following gamma irradiation were performed. Clonogenic survival was determined to assess the damage level of radiation-induced reproductive cell death. RESULTS The chronic toxicity tests were more sensitive than the acute toxicity tests. The 14-d EC50 using the clonogenic survival endpoint was 2.09 ± 0.28 μg/mL and was statistically similar to the 7-d EC50 (1.85 ± 0.07 μg/mL) based on the Alamar Blue-based cytotoxicity endpoint. Post-exposure of cells to environmentally relevant TFM concentrations following irradiation did not have any effect as compared to the irradiation alone group. In contrast, pre-exposure of cells to TFM following irradiation had a negative additive effect when the total radiation dose was 2 Gy, but not 0.1 or 0.5 Gy. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the common field lampricide TFM is a potential radiation sensitizer in cells from non-targeted native fish. This could be a health problem of concern for non-targeted native fish if a large accidental radioactive release occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Morcillo P, Esteban MA, Cuesta A. Metal detoxification in the marine teleost fish Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:835-840. [PMID: 30041384 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcription of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has been evaluated in cell lines and primary cultures from gilthead seabream and European sea bass teleost fish exposed to methylmercury (MeHg), arsenic, cadmium or lead. The mRNA expression levels showed abcb1, abcc2 and abcc5 constitutive gene expression in all seabream tissues analyzed; however, we were unable to detect any constitutive transcription of abcb1 in many of the sea bass tissues. Furthermore, ABC mRNA expression levels were all affected by metal exposure, especially in the case of fish cell lines and erythrocytes, and greatly depended on cell type and fish species. Thus, while ABC transcription was up-regulated in the seabream cell line it was down-regulated in the sea bass cell line, while the opposite occurred in the primary cultures. All these data point to the importance of ABC transporters in metal detoxification and in the differential regulation in seabream and sea bass cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer, 209, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx 10461, NY, USA
| | - María A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Stinckens E, Vergauwen L, Ankley GT, Blust R, Darras VM, Villeneuve DL, Witters H, Volz DC, Knapen D. An AOP-based alternative testing strategy to predict the impact of thyroid hormone disruption on swim bladder inflation in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:1-12. [PMID: 29702435 PMCID: PMC6002951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be used to help support the development of alternative testing strategies aimed at predicting adverse outcomes caused by triggering specific toxicity pathways. In this paper, we present a case-study demonstrating the selection of alternative in chemico assays targeting the molecular initiating events of established AOPs, and evaluate use of the resulting data to predict higher level biological endpoints. Based on two AOPs linking inhibition of the deiodinase (DIO) enzymes to impaired posterior swim bladder inflation in fish, we used in chemico enzyme inhibition assays to measure the molecular initiating events for an array of 51 chemicals. Zebrafish embryos were then exposed to 14 compounds with different measured inhibition potentials. Effects on posterior swim bladder inflation, predicted based on the information captured by the AOPs, were evaluated. By linking the two datasets and setting thresholds, we were able to demonstrate that the in chemico dataset can be used to predict biological effects on posterior chamber inflation, with only two outliers out of the 14 tested compounds. Our results show how information organized using the AOP framework can be employed to develop or select alternative assays, and successfully forecast downstream key events along the AOP. In general, such in chemico assays could serve as a first-tier high-throughput system to screen and prioritize chemicals for subsequent acute and chronic fish testing, potentially reducing the need for long-term and costly toxicity tests requiring large numbers of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division,6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division,6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Hilda Witters
- Applied Bio & Molecular Systems (ABS), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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16
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Tan L, Schirmer K. Cell culture-based biosensing techniques for detecting toxicity in water. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Kleinert C, Lacaze E, Mounier M, De Guise S, Fournier M. Immunotoxic effects of single and combined pharmaceuticals exposure on a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) B lymphoma cell line. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:237-247. [PMID: 28262249 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential risk of pharmaceuticals in the environment to top-predators is still largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the immunotoxic effects of ten pharmaceuticals individually and as mixtures on a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) B lymphoma cell line. A significant reduction in lymphocyte transformation was observed following an exposure to 12,500μg/L 17α-ethinyl estradiol and 25,000μg/L naproxen. Exposure to 12,500μg/L 17α-ethinyl estradiol decreased the percentage of cell in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle while increasing the percentage of cells in the S phase. Carbamazepine exposure increased the amount of cells in the G2/M phase. Binary mixtures showed synergistic effects in lymphocyte transformation, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. Concentrations inducing toxic effects in the cell line were similar to those affecting fish in previous studies. A reduction of functional activities of the immune system may lead to altered host resistance to pathogens in free-ranging pinnipeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kleinert
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Edifice 18, 531 blvd. des Prairies, Laval (QC) H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Emilie Lacaze
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Edifice 18, 531 blvd. des Prairies, Laval (QC) H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Méryl Mounier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Edifice 18, 531 blvd. des Prairies, Laval (QC) H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, U-3089, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Edifice 18, 531 blvd. des Prairies, Laval (QC) H7V 1B7, Canada.
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18
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Heinrich P, Petschick LL, Northcott GL, Tremblay LA, Ataria JM, Braunbeck T. Assessment of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction in sediment extracts from New Zealand urban estuaries. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:211-226. [PMID: 28083773 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediments represent a major sink for contaminants resulting from industrial and agricultural activities - especially lipophilic substances. This study exclusively used in vitro methodologies to characterize specific toxicity effects of contaminants in sediment extracts from two urban New Zealand estuaries. Sediment extracts were prepared and tested for a range of biological endpoints. The micronucleus and comet assays in V79 cells were used to assess genotoxicity. Induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase in piscine RTL-W1 cells was determined to estimate dioxin-like toxicity. Cytotoxic potentials were analyzed by neutral red uptake and MTT reduction. There was evidence of strong dioxin-like toxicity and moderate cytotoxicity. Genotoxicity was distinct in the micronucleus assay, but low in the comet assay. The results indicate the presence of chemicals in the sediments with the potential to pose a risk through multiple mechanisms of toxicity, the identities and amounts of which will be disclosed in a parallel study alongside with in vivo toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Heinrich
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lara L Petschick
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grant L Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Ltd, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand
| | - Louis A Tremblay
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St E, The Wood, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - James M Ataria
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St E, The Wood, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Putnam JG, Nelson JE, Leis EM, Erickson RA, Hubert TD, Amberg JJ. Using silver and bighead carp cell lines for the identification of a unique metabolite fingerprint from thiram-specific chemical exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1477-1485. [PMID: 27923506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conservation biology often requires the control of invasive species. One method is the development and use of biocides. Identifying new chemicals as part of the biocide registration approval process can require screening millions of compounds. Traditionally, screening new chemicals has been done in vivo using test organisms. Using in vitro (e.g., cell lines) and in silico (e.g., computer models) methods decrease test organism requirements and increase screening speed and efficiency. These methods, however, would be greatly improved by better understanding how individual fish species metabolize selected compounds. We combined cell assays and metabolomics to create a powerful tool to facilitate the identification of new control chemicals. Specifically, we exposed cell lines established from bighead carp and silver carp larvae to thiram (7 concentrations) then completed metabolite profiling to assess the dose-response of the bighead carp and silver carp metabolome to thiram. Forty one of the 700 metabolomic markers identified in bighead carp exhibited a dose-response to thiram exposure compared to silver carp in which 205 of 1590 metabolomic markers exhibited a dose-response. Additionally, we identified 11 statistically significant metabolomic markers based upon volcano plot analysis common between both species. This smaller subset of metabolites formed a thiram-specific metabolomic fingerprint which allowed for the creation of a toxicant specific, rather than a species-specific, metabolomic fingerprint. Metabolomic fingerprints may be used in biocide development and improve our understanding of ecologically significant events, such as mass fish kills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric M Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA
| | | | | | - Jon J Amberg
- U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA
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20
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Establishment of a new teleost brain cell line (DLB-1) from the European sea bass and its use to study metal toxicology. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 38:91-100. [PMID: 27746373 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In teleost fish, there are no commercial cell lines for the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Thus, we have established the sea bass brain (DLB-1) cell line, using a fish retrovirus for immortalization, which resemble epithelial cells and express glial cells markers. Exposure to metals [Cd, methylmercury (MeHg), Pb or As] produces cytotoxicity and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Interestingly, cell cycle analysis of DLB-1 cells shows that exposure to metals alters it significantly. Moreover, all the metals induce apoptosis as indicated by sub-Go/G1 population and annexin V binding. Finally, exposure of DLB-1 cells to metals also produces significant alterations at gene expression level, which confirm the above functional results. This is the first study in which metal cytotoxicity has been evaluated in a fish brain cell line and results seem to support that DLB-1 cells are suitable for toxicological studies.
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21
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Morcillo P, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. In vitro effects of metals on isolated head-kidney and blood leucocytes of the teleost fish Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:77-85. [PMID: 27041665 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro use of fish leucocytes to test the toxicity of aquatic pollutants, and particularly the immutoxicological effects, could be a valuable alternative to fish bioassays but has received little attention. In this study, head-kidney and peripheral blood leucocytes (HKLs and PBLs, respectively) from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens were exposed to Cd, MeHg (methylmercury), Pb or As for 24 h being evaluated the resulting cytotoxicity. Exposure to metals produced a dose-dependent reduction in the viability, and MeHg showed the highest toxicity followed by Cd, As and Pb. Interestingly, leucocytes from European sea bass are more resistant to metal exposure than those from gilthead seabream. Similarly, HKLs are always more sensitive than those isolated from blood from the same fish species. Moreover, fish leucocytes incubated with metals exhibited alterations in gene expression profiles that were more pronounced in the HKLs in general, being Pb the metal provoking less effects. Concretely, genes related to cellular protection (metallothionein), stress (heat shock protein 70) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) were, in general, down-regulated in seabream HKLs but up-regulated in seabream PBLs and sea bass HKLs and PBLs. In addition, this profile leads to the increase of expression in genes related to apoptosis (Bcl2 associated X protein and caspase 3). Finally, transcription of genes involved in immunity (interleukin-1β and immunoglobulin M) was down-regulated, mainly in seabream leucocytes. This study points to the benefits for evaluating the toxicological mechanisms of marine pollution using fish leucocytes in vitro and insight into the mechanisms at gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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22
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Morcillo P, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Heavy metals produce toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the marine teleost fish SAF-1 cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:225-33. [PMID: 26363324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of cell lines to test the toxicity of aquatic pollutants is a valuable alternative to fish bioassays. In this study, fibroblast SAF-1 cells from the marine gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) were exposed for 24 h to the heavy metals Cd, Hg, MeHg (Methylmercury), As or Pb and the resulting cytotoxicity was assessed. Neutral red (NR), MTT-tetrazolio (MTT), crystal violet (CV) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) viability tests showed that SAF-1 cells exposed to the above heavy metals produced a dose-dependent reduction in the number of viable cells. Methylmercury showed the highest toxicity (EC50 = 0.01 mM) followed by As, Cd, Hg and Pb. NR was the most sensitive method followed by MTT, CV and LDH. SAF-1 cells incubated with each of the heavy metals also exhibited an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis cell death. Moreover, the corresponding gene expression profiles pointed to the induction of the metallothionein protective system, cellular and oxidative stress and apoptosis after heavy metal exposure for 24 h. This report describes and compares tools for evaluating the potential effects of marine contamination using the SAF-1 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Á Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Toxicological in vitro effects of heavy metals on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head–kidney leucocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:412-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Morcillo P, Cordero H, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. In vitro immunotoxicological effects of heavy metals on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) head-kidney leucocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:245-254. [PMID: 26363228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the direct effects of heavy metals on fish leucocytes is still limited. We investigate the in vitro effects of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb or As) on oxidative stress, viability and innate immune parameters of head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Production of free oxygen radicals was induced by Cd, Hg and As, mainly after 30 min of exposure. Cd and Hg promoted both apoptosis and necrosis cell death while Pb and As did only apoptosis, in all cases in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, expression of genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis was significantly induced by Hg and Pb but down-regulated by As. In addition, the expression of the metallothionein A gene was up-regulated by Cd and Pb exposure though this transcript, as well as the heat shock protein 70, was down-regulated by Hg. Cd, methylmercury (MeHg) and As reduced the phagocytic ability, whereas Hg and Pb increased it. Interestingly, all the heavy metals decreased the phagocytic capacity (the number of ingested particles per cell). Leucocyte respiratory burst changed depending on the metal exposure, usually in a time- and dose-manner. Interestingly, the expression of immune-related genes was slightly affected by Cd, MeHg, As or Pb being Hg the form producing the greatest alterations, which included down-regulation of immunoglobulin M and hepcidin, as well as the up-regulation of interleukin-1 beta mRNA levels. This study provides an in vitro approach for elucidating the heavy metals toxicity, and particularly the immunotoxicity, in fish leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Héctor Cordero
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Huang X, Chen L, Liu W, Qiao Q, Wu K, Wen J, Huang C, Tang R, Zhang X. Involvement of oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption in microcystin-induced apoptosis in CIK cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:41-50. [PMID: 26022555 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms induces the production and release of microcystins (MCs) into water, representing a health hazard to aquatic organisms and even humans. Some recent studies have suggested that kidney is another important target organ of MCs except liver, however, the potential toxicity mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we first investigated the collaborative effect of oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption in microcystin-induced apoptosis in CIK (Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney) cells in vitro. CIK cells were treated with 0, 1, 10, and 100μg/L microcystin-LR (MC-LR) for 24 and 48h. Cell viability was increased by MC-LR in 1μg/L group, while decreased in 100μg/L group at 48h. Cell cycle assay showed that 1 and 10μg/L MC-LR induced cell cycle through G1 into S and G2/M phases, while 100μg/L MC-LR reduced G2/M phase population. MC-LR markedly induced apoptosis in 10 and 100μg/L groups. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and modulated antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in CIK cells exposed to MC-LR. These alterations were more pronounced at higher doses (10 and 100μg/L), indicating that oxidative stress was induced by MC-LR. Laser scanning confocal microscope observation showed aggregation and collapse of microfilaments (MFs) and microtubules (MTs) in CIK cells, and even loss of some cytoskeleton structure. Moreover, transcriptional changes of cytoskeletal genes (β-actin, lc3a, and keratin) were also determined, which have a high probability with cytoskeleton structure damage. Our data suggest that oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption may interact with each other and jointly lead to apoptosis and renal toxicity induced by MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cuihong Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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26
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Amaeze NH, Schnell S, Sozeri O, Otitoloju AA, Egonmwan RI, Arlt VM, Bury NR. Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of the RTgill-W1 fish cells in combination with the yeast oestrogen screen to determine the sediment quality of Lagos lagoon, Nigeria. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:117-27. [PMID: 25527734 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic advancements in developing countries have seen an increase in urbanisation and industrialisation with a rise in the levels of discharge of effluents and municipal waste into aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, aquatic environmental regulations in these countries are often rudimentary and the development of environmental monitoring programmes will help identify ecological risks. As an example, the current study assesses the pollution status of 11 sampling sites in Lagos lagoon, Nigeria. The organic solvent sediment extracts were assessed for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in rainbow trout gill-W1 cells. The induction of oestrogenic activities using the yeast oestrogen screen was also determined. The sediments were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides). Only sediments from three sites were cytotoxic at both 25 and 12.5mg eQsed/ml using the Alamar Blue cell viability assay. The alkaline Comet assay showed that all sites caused significant DNA damage at 7 mg eQsed/ml; the extent of the damage was site specific. The measure of oxidative damage to DNA via the formamidopyrimidine DNA-glycosylase-modified Comet assay revealed similar results. Toxicity to yeast cells was observed in extracts from six sites; of the remaining sites, only two exhibited oestrogenic activity. There was no strong consistent relationship between sediment PAH concentrations and the cell toxicity endpoints. The dynamic nature of Lagos lagoon with its tides and freshwater inputs are suggested as factors that make it difficult to link the sources of pollution observed at each site with PAH levels and toxic endpoints. The study has demonstrated that the Comet assay is a sensitive endpoint to identify sediments that possess genotoxic contaminants, and this in vitro bioassay has the potential to be incorporated into an environmental monitoring framework for Lagos lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi H Amaeze
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101017 Lagos, Nigeria, Nigeria, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | | | - Osman Sozeri
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Adebayo A Otitoloju
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101017 Lagos, Nigeria, Nigeria, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Rosemary I Egonmwan
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101017 Lagos, Nigeria, Nigeria, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Nic R Bury
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences and
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27
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Goswami M, Sharma BS, Yadav K, Bahuguna SN, Lakra WS. Establishment and characterization of a piscean PCF cell line for toxicity and gene expression studies as in vitro model. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:206-12. [PMID: 24852132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new piscean fibroblastic cell line termed as PCF derived from the caudal fin tissue of dark mahseer, Puntius (Tor) chelynoides was established and characterized in the present study which was found to be suitable for toxicity and gene expression studies as in vitro model. The cell line grew well in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were able to grow at a temperature ranging from 20 to 28 °C with an optimal growth at 24 °C and the cell line have been expanded in culture for more than 70 passages. Authentication of the cell line was carried out using mitochondrial DNA markers (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA). Presence of vimentin in the cells confirmed the fibroblastic origin of cell line. Significant cytopathic effects were observed upon exposure of PCF cell line to bacterial extracellular products and the study also validated the suitability of cell line in transgenic applications as well as in genotoxicity assessment as an in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goswami
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, India.
| | - B S Sharma
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Kamalendra Yadav
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, PO Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - S N Bahuguna
- HNB Garhwal University, PO Box 70, Srinagar/Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - W S Lakra
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
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28
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Shubin AV, Lunina NA, Shedova EN, Roshina MP, Demidyuk IV, Vinogradova TV, Kopantsev EP, Chernov IP, Kostrov SV. Evaluation of the toxic effects evoked by the transient expression of protease genes from human pathogens in HEK293 cells. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813090044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Sansom B, Vo NTK, Kavanagh R, Hanner R, MacKinnon M, Dixon DG, Lee LEJ. Rapid assessment of the toxicity of oil sands process-affected waters using fish cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 49:52-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Hernando MD, Rosenkranz P, Ulaszewska MM, Fernández-Cruz ML, Fernández-Alba AR, Navas JM. In vitro dose–response effects of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers [amino-terminated and surface-modified with N-(2-hydroxydodecyl) groups] and quantitative determination by a liquid chromatography–hybrid quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2749-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Pierrard MA, Roland K, Kestemont P, Dieu M, Raes M, Silvestre F. Fish peripheral blood mononuclear cells preparation for future monitoring applications. Anal Biochem 2012; 426:153-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Kienzler A, Tronchère X, Devaux A, Bony S. Assessment of RTG-W1, RTL-W1, and PLHC-1 fish cell lines for genotoxicity testing of environmental pollutants by means of a Fpg-modified comet assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:500-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Kramer NI, Krismartina M, Rico-Rico A, Blaauboer BJ, Hermens JLM. Quantifying processes determining the free concentration of phenanthrene in Basal cytotoxicity assays. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:436-45. [PMID: 22242923 DOI: 10.1021/tx200479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties may arise when extrapolating in vitro derived toxicity data to in vivo toxicity data because of the high variability and occasional low sensitivity of in vitro results. Differences in the free concentration of a test compound between in vitro and in vivo systems and between different in vitro systems may in part explain this variability and sensitivity difference. The aim of this study was to determine what assay components influence the free concentration of phenanthrene in a Balb/c 3T3 and RTgill-W1 MTT assay. Partition coefficients of phenanthrene to serum, well plate plastic, cells, and headspace were measured and subsequently used to model the free concentration of the compound in vitro. The estimated free concentration was compared to the free concentration measured in the assays using solid phase microextraction (SPME). Results indicate that the free concentration of phenanthrene, a relatively volatile and hydrophobic compound, is significantly reduced in a typical in vitro setup as it binds to matrices such as serum protein and well plate plastic. A reduction in free concentration due to increasing serum protein levels is accompanied by an increase in the median effect concentration (EC(50)) and can be modeled, with the exception of evaporation, using the partition coefficients of the compound to assay components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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34
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Li R, Jiang F, Xiao Q, Li J, Liu X, Yu Q, Liu Y, Zeng C. Microcalorimetric, spectroscopic and microscopic investigation on the toxic effects of CdTe quantum dots on Halobacterium halobium R1. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:475102. [PMID: 21030766 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/47/475102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The biological effect of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) on Halobacterium halobium R1 (H. halobium R1) growth was analyzed by a microcalorimetric technique. By using a TAM air eight channels microcalorimeter, the thermogenic curves of H. halobium R1 growth were obtained at 37 °C. To analyze the results, the maximum heat power (P(m)) and the growth rate constants (k) were determined, which showed that they were correlated to the concentration of QDs. The addition of quantum dots caused a gradual increase of P(m) and k at low concentrations of QDs, and a conspicuous decrease at high concentrations. For confirmation, the turbidity (OD(600)) and respiratory rate at different concentrations of QDs were studied. The morphology of H. halobium R1 cells both in the absence and presence of QDs was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of these studies were corroborated with ones derived from microcalorimetry. In this work, the mechanism of cytotoxicity of QDs was explored through fluorescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and microcalorimetry. It was clear that metabolic mechanism of H. halobium R1 growth was changed by the addition of QDs. To the best of our knowledge, the thermokinetics and toxicology of CdTe QDs against H. halobium R1 were obtained for the first time by microcalorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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35
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Lammer E, Carr GJ, Wendler K, Rawlings JM, Belanger SE, Braunbeck T. Is the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) a potential alternative for the fish acute toxicity test? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:196-209. [PMID: 19095081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fish acute toxicity test is a mandatory component in the base set of data requirements for ecotoxicity testing. The fish acute toxicity test is not compatible with most current animal welfare legislation because mortality is the primary endpoint and it is often hypothesized that fish suffer distress and perhaps pain. Animal alternative considerations have also been incorporated into new European REACH regulations through strong advocacy for the reduction of testing with live animals. One of the most promising alternative approaches to classical acute fish toxicity testing with live fish is the fish embryo toxicity (FET) test. The FET has been a mandatory component in routine whole effluent testing in Germany since 2005 and has already been standardized at the international level. In order to analyze the applicability of the FET also in chemical testing, a comparative re-evaluation of both fish and fish embryo toxicity data was carried out for a total of 143 substances, and statistical approaches were developed to evaluate the correlation between fish and fish embryo toxicity data. Results confirm that fish embryo tests are neither better nor worse than acute fish toxicity tests and provide strong scientific support for the FET as a surrogate for the acute fish toxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lammer
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Department of Zoology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Assessment of metabolic capabilities of PLHC-1 and RTL-W1 fish liver cell lines. Cell Biol Toxicol 2009; 25:611-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Vinoth KJ, Heng BC, Poonepalli A, Banerjee B, Balakrishnan L, Lu K, Hande MP, Cao T. Human embryonic stem cells may display higher resistance to genotoxic stress as compared to primary explanted somatic cells. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:599-607. [PMID: 18498216 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human embryonic stem (hES) cells in genotoxicity screening can potentially overcome the deficiencies associated with using immortalized cell lines, primary explanted somatic cells, and live animal models. Hence this study sought to compare the responses of hES cells and primary explanted somatic cells (IMR-90 cells, human fetal lung fibroblasts) to genotoxic stress, to evaluate whether hES cells can accurately reflect the normal physiology of human somatic cells. The effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on the chromosomal stability of hESC and IMR-90 was assayed and compared by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomere-specific peptide nucleic acid and multicolor (m) FISH techniques. The results showed that, the percentage of aberrant cells increased from 6% in the untreated control to 57.5% at the higher dose of 0.06 microg/ml MMC (9.6-fold increase) group in the case of IMR-90 cells, whereas hES cells displayed a corresponding increase from 6% to 28% (4.6-fold increase). Telomere FISH ascertained that the main types of damage induced by MMC are chromosomal breaks and the loss of telomeric signals. No fusions were observed in all samples analyzed. This was further confirmed by mFISH, which showed that fusions and translocations were not the type of aberration induced by MMC, with no such aberrations being observed in all samples analyzed. Hence, hES cells of the H1 line are apparently more resistant to MMC-induced DNA damage, as compared to the IMR-90 cells. These results highlight possible intrinsic differences in response to damaging agents between hES cells and normal somatic cells.
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Ali M, Rahman S, Rehman H, Bhatia K, Ansari RA, Raisuddin S. Pro-apoptotic effect of fly ash leachates in hepatocytes of freshwater fish (Channa punctata Bloch). Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:63-71. [PMID: 17052884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic effect of fly ash leachates (FAL) was studied in the hepatocytes of an Indian freshwater fish, Channa punctata Bloch. Hepatocytes were exposed to different concentrations of '7-day' FAL for 24 and 48h and various parameters of apoptosis were studied using standardized procedures. FAL-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes was indicated by cytological examination, DNA fragmentation and DNA laddering. The induction in cytochrome-c release, caspases 3, 7, 10 and 9 activities and lactate dehydrogenase level provide mechanistic platform for FAL-induced apoptosis. Cytological examination showed an unambiguous apoptotic effect of ash leachates in fish hepatocytes. Exposed hepatocytes also showed increased production of H(2)O(2), superoxide ions and an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The present study suggests a possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FAL-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase, LPO and apoptosis as biomarkers of cytotoxicity have recently been used for assessment of ecotoxicological impact of environmental chemicals. Our findings show that these biomarkers may also be used for evaluation of ecotoxicological impact of complex chemical mixture such as fly ash and its leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Ali
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
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Schirmer K. Proposal to improve vertebrate cell cultures to establish them as substitutes for the regulatory testing of chemicals and effluents using fish. Toxicology 2006; 224:163-83. [PMID: 16765501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of vertebrate cells are widely applied in mechanistic studies in human toxicology as well as in toxicity identification in ecotoxicology. As in vitro models, they display many advantages over whole animal experimentation, pertaining to such characteristics as availability, reproducibility and costs. As well, they satisfy the societal desire to reduce the number of animals in toxicology. For these reasons vertebrate cell models also appear to be a desirable replacement for animals in regulatory tests. Several vertebrate cell models are now accepted for regulatory purposes in human health sciences, with the test for photocytotoxicity using the 3T3 mouse cell line being one example. However, an in vitro alternative to whole animal tests has not yet been established for regulatory risk assessment in ecotoxicology. This review sets out to outline why such a replacement has not yet been possible and explores avenues to improve vertebrate cell cultures so that a replacement of whole animal tests could more likely be achieved. Inasmuch as fish is the most widely used non-mammalian vertebrate in risk assessment and regulation, focus will be on the replacement, by in vitro vertebrate models, of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Cell Toxicology (CellTox), UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle in the Helmholtz Association, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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