1
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Edelstein J, Fritz M, Lai SK. Challenges and opportunities in gene editing of B cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115285. [PMID: 36241097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
B cells have long been an underutilized target in immune cell engineering, despite a number of unique attributes that could address longstanding challenges in medicine. Notably, B cells evolved to secrete large quantities of antibodies for prolonged periods, making them suitable platforms for long-term protein delivery. Recent advances in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas, have improved the precision and efficiency of engineering and expanded potential applications of engineered B cells. While most work on B cell editing has focused on ex vivo modification, a body of recent work has also advanced the possibility of in vivo editing applications. In this review, we will discuss both past and current approaches to B cell engineering, and its promising applications in immunology research and therapeutic gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Edelstein
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marshall Fritz
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel K Lai
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Deng L, Liang P, Cui H. Pseudotyped lentiviral vectors: Ready for translation into targeted cancer gene therapy? Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492721 PMCID: PMC10363566 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise for curing cancer by editing the deleterious genes of tumor cells, but the lack of vector systems for efficient delivery of genetic material into specific tumor sites in vivo has limited its full therapeutic potential in cancer gene therapy. Over the past two decades, increasing studies have shown that lentiviral vectors (LVs) modified with different glycoproteins from a donating virus, a process referred to as pseudotyping, have altered tropism and display cell-type specificity in transduction, leading to selective tumor cell killing. This feature of LVs together with their ability to enable high efficient gene delivery in dividing and non-dividing mammalian cells in vivo make them to be attractive tools in future cancer gene therapy. This review is intended to summarize the status quo of some typical pseudotypings of LVs and their applications in basic anti-cancer studies across many malignancies. The opportunities of translating pseudotyped LVs into clinic use in cancer therapy have also been discussed.
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3
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McHugh D, Myburgh R, Caduff N, Spohn M, Kok YL, Keller CW, Murer A, Chatterjee B, Rühl J, Engelmann C, Chijioke O, Quast I, Shilaih M, Strouvelle VP, Neumann K, Menter T, Dirnhofer S, Lam JK, Hui KF, Bredl S, Schlaepfer E, Sorce S, Zbinden A, Capaul R, Lünemann JD, Aguzzi A, Chiang AK, Kempf W, Trkola A, Metzner KJ, Manz MG, Grundhoff A, Speck RF, Münz C. EBV renders B cells susceptible to HIV-1 in humanized mice. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000640. [PMID: 32576602 PMCID: PMC7335381 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV and EBV are human pathogens that cause a considerable burden to worldwide health. In combination, these viruses are linked to AIDS-associated lymphomas. We found that EBV, which transforms B cells, renders them susceptible to HIV-1 infection in a CXCR4 and CD4-dependent manner in vitro and that CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 integrates into the genome of these B cells with the same molecular profile as in autologous CD4+ T cells. In addition, we established a humanized mouse model to investigate the in vivo interactions of EBV and HIV-1 upon coinfection. The respective mice that reconstitute human immune system components upon transplantation with CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells could recapitulate aspects of EBV and HIV immunobiology observed in dual-infected patients. Upon coinfection of humanized mice, EBV/HIV dual-infected B cells could be detected, but were susceptible to CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal McHugh
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Spohn
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yik Lim Kok
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Keller
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Murer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bithi Chatterjee
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Rühl
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Engelmann
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Obinna Chijioke
- Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isaak Quast
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mohaned Shilaih
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria P Strouvelle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Neumann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Menter
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janice Kp Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwai F Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Bredl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erika Schlaepfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Sorce
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccarda Capaul
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Ks Chiang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik AG, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karin J Metzner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberto F Speck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Zilkowski I, Ziouti F, Schulze A, Hauck S, Schmidt S, Mainz L, Sauer M, Albrecht K, Jundt F, Groll J. Nanogels Enable Efficient miRNA Delivery and Target Gene Downregulation in Transfection-Resistant Multiple Myeloma Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:916-926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Zilkowski
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fani Ziouti
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andres Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hauck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Mainz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Chair for Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krystyna Albrecht
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Jundt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Generation of Cell Lines Stably Expressing a Fluorescent Reporter of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29236260 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7540-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a mechanism of mRNA surveillance ubiquitous among eukaryotes. Importantly, NMD not only removes aberrant transcripts with premature stop codons, but also regulates expression of many normal genes. A recently introduced dual-color fluorescent protein-based reporter enables analysis of NMD activity in live cells. In this chapter we describe the method to generate stable transgenic cell lines expressing the splicing-dependent NMD reporter using consecutive steps of lentivirus transduction and Tol2 transposition.
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6
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Winiarska M, Nowis D, Firczuk M, Zagozdzon A, Gabrysiak M, Sadowski R, Barankiewicz J, Dwojak M, Golab J. Selection of an optimal promoter for gene transfer in normal B cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3041-3048. [PMID: 28713922 PMCID: PMC5548056 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer into normal quiescent human B cells is a challenging procedure. The present study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to increase the levels of transgene expression by using various types of promoters to drive the expression of selected genes‑of‑interest. To produce lentiviral particles, the present study used the 2nd generation psPAX2 packaging vector and the vesicular stomatitis virus ‑expressing envelope vector pMD2.G. Subsequently, lentiviral vectors were generated containing various promoters, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), elongation factor‑1 alpha (EF1α) and spleen focus‑forming virus (SFFV). The present study was unable to induce satisfactory transduction efficiency in quiescent normal B cells; however, infection of normal B cells with Epstein‑Barr virus resulted in increased susceptibility to lentiviral transduction. In addition, the SFFV promoter resulted in a higher level of transgene expression compared with CMV or EF1α promoters. As a proof‑of concept that this approach allows for stable gene expression in normal B cells, the present study used bicistronic lentiviral vectors with genes encoding fluorescent reporter proteins, as well as X‑box binding protein‑1 and binding immunoglobulin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Sadowski
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dwojak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Khan AW, Ziemann M, Corcoran SJ, K N H, Okabe J, Rafehi H, Maxwell SS, Esler MD, El-Osta A. NET silencing by let-7i in postural tachycardia syndrome. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90183. [PMID: 28352654 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While strongly implicated in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), considerable controversy exists regarding norepinephrine transporter (NET) loss of function. POTS is characterized by the clinical symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, lightheadedness, tachycardia, and syncope or near syncope with upright posture. Abnormal sympathetic nervous system activity is typical, of a type which suggests dysfunction of the NET, with evidence that the gene responsible is under tight epigenetic control. Using RNA of isolated chromatin combined with massive parallel sequencing (RICh-seq) we show that let-7i miRNA suppresses NET by methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Vorinostat restores epigenetic control and NET expression in leukocytes derived from POTS participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan J Corcoran
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harikrishnan K N
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haloom Rafehi
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott S Maxwell
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Murray D Esler
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Levy C, Fusil F, Amirache F, Costa C, Girard-Gagnepain A, Negre D, Bernadin O, Garaulet G, Rodriguez A, Nair N, Vandendriessche T, Chuah M, Cosset FL, Verhoeyen E. Baboon envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vectors efficiently transduce human B cells and allow active factor IX B cell secretion in vivo in NOD/SCIDγc -/- mice. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2478-2492. [PMID: 27685947 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials B cells are attractive targets for gene therapy and particularly interesting for immunotherapy. A baboon envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vector (BaEV-LV) was tested for B-cell transduction. BaEV-LVs transduced mature and plasma human B cells with very high efficacy. BaEV-LVs allowed secretion of functional factor IX from B cells at therapeutic levels in vivo. SUMMARY Background B cells are attractive targets for gene therapy for diseases associated with B-cell dysfunction and particularly interesting for immunotherapy. Moreover, B cells are potent protein-secreting cells and can be tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells. Objective Evaluation of human B cells for secretion of clotting factors such as factor IX (FIX) as a possible treatment for hemophilia. Methods We tested here for the first time our newly developed baboon envelope (BaEV) pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LVs) for human (h) B-cell transduction following their adaptive transfer into an NOD/SCIDγc-/- (NSG) mouse. Results Upon B-cell receptor stimulation, BaEV-LVs transduced up to 80% of hB cells, whereas vesicular stomatitis virus G protein VSV-G-LV only reached 5%. Remarkably, BaEVTR-LVs permitted efficient transduction of 20% of resting naive and 40% of resting memory B cells. Importantly, BaEV-LVs reached up to 100% transduction of human plasmocytes ex vivo. Adoptive transfer of BaEV-LV-transduced mature B cells into NOD/SCID/γc-/- (NSG) [non-obese diabetic (NOD), severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID)] mice allowed differentiation into plasmablasts and plasma B cells, confirming a sustained high-level gene marking in vivo. As proof of principle, we assessed BaEV-LV for transfer of human factor IX (hFIX) into B cells. BaEV-LVs encoding FIX efficiently transduced hB cells and their transfer into NSG mice demonstrated for the first time secretion of functional hFIX from hB cells at therapeutic levels in vivo. Conclusions The BaEV-LVs might represent a valuable tool for therapeutic protein secretion from autologous B cells in vivo in the treatment of hemophilia and other acquired or inherited diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Levy
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - F Fusil
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - F Amirache
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - C Costa
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - A Girard-Gagnepain
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - D Negre
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - O Bernadin
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - G Garaulet
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Nair
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Vandendriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Chuah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F-L Cosset
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - E Verhoeyen
- CIRI - International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Inserm, U1065, Équipe 'contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires', Nice, France
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9
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Rapp J, Kiss E, Meggyes M, Szabo-Meleg E, Feller D, Smuk G, Laszlo T, Sarosi V, Molnar TF, Kvell K, Pongracz JE. Increased Wnt5a in squamous cell lung carcinoma inhibits endothelial cell motility. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:915. [PMID: 27876017 PMCID: PMC5120464 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is important both in normal tissue function and disease and represents a key target in lung cancer (LC) therapy. Unfortunately, the two main subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) namely, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) respond differently to anti-angiogenic e.g. anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A treatment with life-threatening side effects, often pulmonary hemorrhage in SCC. The mechanisms behind such adverse reactions are still largely unknown, although peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) gamma as well as Wnt-s have been named as molecular regulators of the process. As the Wnt microenvironments in NSCLC subtypes are drastically different, we hypothesized that the particularly high levels of non-canonical Wnt5a in SCC might be responsible for alterations in blood vessel growth and result in serious adverse reactions. METHODS PPARgamma, VEGF-A, Wnt5a, miR-27b and miR-200b levels were determined in resected adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma samples by qRT-PCR and TaqMan microRNA assay. The role of PPARgamma in VEGF-A expression, and the role of Wnts in overall regulation was investigated using PPARgamma knock-out mice, cancer cell lines and fully human, in vitro 3 dimensional (3D), distal lung tissue aggregates. PPARgamma mRNA and protein levels were tested by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. PPARgamma activity was measured by a PPRE reporter system. The tissue engineered lung tissues expressing basal level and lentivirally delivered VEGF-A were treated with recombinant Wnts, chemical Wnt pathway modifiers, and were subjected to PPARgamma agonist and antagonist treatment. RESULTS PPARgamma down-regulation and VEGF-A up-regulation are characteristic to both AC and SCC. Increased VEGF-A levels are under direct control of PPARgamma. PPARgamma levels and activity, however, are under Wnt control. Imbalance of both canonical (in AC) and non-canonical (in SCC) Wnts leads to PPARgamma down-regulation. While canonical Wnts down-regulate PPARgamma directly, non-canonical Wnt5a increases miR27b that is known regulator of PPARgamma. CONCLUSION During carcinogenesis the Wnt microenvironment alters, which can downregulate PPARgamma leading to increased VEGF-A expression. Differences in the Wnt microenvironment in AC and SCC of NSCLC lead to PPARgamma decrease via mechanisms that differentially alter endothelial cell motility and branching which in turn can influence therapeutic response.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood supply
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- PPAR gamma/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Wnt-5a Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - E Kiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - M Meggyes
- Medical Microbiology and Immunity, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - E Szabo-Meleg
- Biophysics, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
| | - D Feller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - G Smuk
- Pathology, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - T Laszlo
- Pathology, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - V Sarosi
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, University of Pécs, 2 Rakoczi Str, Pécs, 7623, Hungary
| | - T F Molnar
- Operational Medicine, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Str, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Petz A Hospital, 2-4 Vasvari Str, Győr, 9023, Hungary
| | - K Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary
| | - J E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pecs, 7622, Hungary.
- Humeltis Ltd, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str, Pécs, 7622, Hungary.
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10
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Osseni A, Sébastien M, Sarrault O, Baudet M, Couté Y, Fauré J, Fourest-Lieuvin A, Marty I. Triadin and CLIMP-63 form a link between triads and microtubules in muscle cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3744-3755. [PMID: 27562070 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the triad is a structure comprising a transverse (T)-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) cisternae. Triads constitute the basis of excitation-contraction coupling as the cradle of the Ca2+ release complex. We have shown previously that triadin, a member of this complex, has shaping properties on reticulum membrane and is indirectly involved in a link between triads and microtubules. We have identified here that CLIMP-63 (also known as CKAP4), as the partner of triadin, is responsible for this association of triads and microtubules. Triadin and CLIMP-63 interact through their respective luminal domains and the shaping properties of triadin depend on the capacity of CLIMP-63 to bind microtubules with its cytosolic portion. In skeletal muscle, CLIMP-63 is localized in the SR, including triads, and is associated with the Ca2+ release complex through its interaction with triadin. Knockout of triadin in muscles results in the delocalization of CLIMP-63 from triads, its dissociation from the Ca2+ release complex and a disorganization of the microtubule network. Our results suggest that the association of triadin and CLIMP-63 could be involved in the shaping of SR terminal cisternae and in the guidance of microtubules close to the triads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Osseni
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, U1216, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Muriel Sébastien
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, U1216, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Oriana Sarrault
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, U1216, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Mathieu Baudet
- University Grenoble Alpes, BIG-BGE, Grenoble F-38000, France CEA, BIG, BGE and GPC, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, BGE, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- University Grenoble Alpes, BIG-BGE, Grenoble F-38000, France CEA, BIG, BGE and GPC, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, BGE, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, U1216, Grenoble F-38000, France CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Anne Fourest-Lieuvin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, U1216, Grenoble F-38000, France CEA, BIG, BGE and GPC, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Isabelle Marty
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble F-38000, France INSERM, U1216, Grenoble F-38000, France
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11
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Sicard A, Koenig A, Graff-Dubois S, Dussurgey S, Rouers A, Dubois V, Blanc P, Chartoire D, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Paidassi H, Taillardet M, Morelon E, Moris A, Defrance T, Thaunat O. B Cells Loaded with Synthetic Particulate Antigens: A Versatile Platform To Generate Antigen-Specific Helper T Cells for Cell Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:297-308. [PMID: 26650819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy represents a promising approach for several chronic diseases. This study describes an innovative strategy for biofunctionalization of nanoparticles, allowing the generation of synthetic particulate antigens (SPAg). SPAg activate polyclonal B cells and vectorize noncognate proteins into their endosomes, generating highly efficient stimulators for ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. This method also allows harnessing the ability of B cells to polarize CD4+ T cells into effectors or regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Sicard
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
- Edouard Herriot Hospital , Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology Department, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Alice Koenig
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
- Edouard Herriot Hospital , Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology Department, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Graff-Dubois
- Sorbonne University , UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections - CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Dussurgey
- SFR Biosciences, UMS344/US8, Inserm, CNRS, Claude Bernard Lyon-1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Angéline Rouers
- Sorbonne University , UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections - CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Dubois
- French National Blood Service (EFS) , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Blanc
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Dimitri Chartoire
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Helena Paidassi
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Morgan Taillardet
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Morelon
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
- Edouard Herriot Hospital , Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology Department, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne University , UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections - CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Defrance
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI); French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308 , 69007 Lyon, France
- Edouard Herriot Hospital , Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology Department, 69003 Lyon, France
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12
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Fusil F, Calattini S, Amirache F, Mancip J, Costa C, Robbins JB, Douam F, Lavillette D, Law M, Defrance T, Verhoeyen E, Cosset FL. A Lentiviral Vector Allowing Physiologically Regulated Membrane-anchored and Secreted Antibody Expression Depending on B-cell Maturation Status. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1734-1747. [PMID: 26281898 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of lentiviral vectors (LVs) for expression of a specific antibody can be achieved through the transduction of mature B-cells. This approach would provide a versatile tool for active immunotherapy strategies for infectious diseases or cancer, as well as for protein engineering. Here, we created a lentiviral expression system mimicking the natural production of these two distinct immunoglobulin isoforms. We designed a LV (FAM2-LV) expressing an anti-HCV-E2 surface glycoprotein antibody (AR3A) as a membrane-anchored Ig form or a soluble Ig form, depending on the B-cell maturation status. FAM2-LV induced high-level and functional membrane expression of the transgenic antibody in a nonsecretory B-cell line. In contrast, a plasma cell (PC) line transduced with FAM2-LV preferentially produced the secreted transgenic antibody. Similar results were obtained with primary B-cells transduced ex vivo. Most importantly, FAM2-LV transduced primary B-cells efficiently differentiated into PCs, which secreted the neutralizing anti-HCV E2 antibody upon adoptive transfer into immunodeficient NSG (NOD/SCIDγc(-/-)) recipient mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the conditional FAM2-LV allows preferential expression of the membrane-anchored form of an antiviral neutralizing antibody in B-cells and permits secretion of a soluble antibody following B-cell maturation into PCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Fusil
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Calattini
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fouzia Amirache
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jimmy Mancip
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Costa
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Justin B Robbins
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Present address: Organovo Holdings, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dimitri Lavillette
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Present address: Institut Pasteur Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thierry Defrance
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires", Nice, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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13
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Clar J, Mutel E, Gri B, Creneguy A, Stefanutti A, Gaillard S, Ferry N, Beuf O, Mithieux G, Nguyen TH, Rajas F. Hepatic lentiviral gene transfer prevents the long-term onset of hepatic tumours of glycogen storage disease type 1a in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2287-96. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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14
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Sustained inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication in vivo using RNAi-activating lentiviruses. Gene Ther 2014; 22:163-71. [PMID: 25338920 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) puts individuals at high risk for complicating cirrhosis and liver cancer, but available treatment to counter the virus rarely eliminates infection. Although harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) to silence HBV genes has shown the potential, achieving efficient and durable silencing of viral genes remains an important goal. Here we report on the propagation of lentiviral vectors (LVs) that successfully deliver HBV-targeting RNAi activators to liver cells. Mono- and tricistronic artificial primary microRNAs (pri-miRs) derived from pri-miR-31, placed under transcriptional control of the liver-specific modified murine transthyretin (mTTR) promoter, caused efficient inhibition of HBV replication markers. The tricistronic cassette was capable of silencing a mutant viral target and the effects were observed without disrupting the function of an endogenous miR (miR-16). The mTTR promoter stably expressed a reporter transgene in mouse livers over a study period of 1 year. Good silencing of HBV genes, without evidence of toxicity, was demonstrated following intravenous injection of LVs into neonatal HBV transgenic mice. Collectively, these data indicate that LVs may achieve sustained inhibition of HBV replication that is appealing for their therapeutic use.
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15
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Kovacs T, Csongei V, Feller D, Ernszt D, Smuk G, Sarosi V, Jakab L, Kvell K, Bartis D, Pongracz JE. Alteration in the Wnt microenvironment directly regulates molecular events leading to pulmonary senescence. Aging Cell 2014; 13:838-49. [PMID: 24981738 PMCID: PMC4331750 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aging lung, the lung capacity decreases even in the absence of diseases. The progenitor cells of the distal lung, the alveolar type II cells (ATII), are essential for the repair of the gas-exchange surface. Surfactant protein production and survival of ATII cells are supported by lipofibroblasts that are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent special cell type of the pulmonary tissue. PPARγ levels are directly regulated by Wnt molecules; therefore, changes in the Wnt microenvironment have close control over maintenance of the distal lung. The pulmonary aging process is associated with airspace enlargement, decrease in the distal epithelial cell compartment and infiltration of inflammatory cells. qRT–PCR analysis of purified epithelial and nonepithelial cells revealed that lipofibroblast differentiation marker parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor (PTHrPR) and PPARγ are reduced and that PPARγ reduction is regulated by Wnt4 via a β-catenin-dependent mechanism. Using a human in vitro 3D lung tissue model, a link was established between increased PPARγ and pro-surfactant protein C (pro-SPC) expression in pulmonary epithelial cells. In the senile lung, both Wnt4 and Wnt5a levels increase and both Wnt-s increase myofibroblast-like differentiation. Alteration of the Wnt microenvironment plays a significant role in pulmonary aging. Diminished lipo- and increased myofibroblast-like differentiation are directly regulated by specific Wnt-s, which process also controls surfactant production and pulmonary repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kovacs
- Medical School Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Veronika Csongei
- Medical School Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Diana Feller
- Medical School Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - David Ernszt
- Medical School Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Gabor Smuk
- Medical School Department of Pathology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Veronika Sarosi
- Medical School Department of Pulmonology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Laszlo Jakab
- Medical School Department of Surgery University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Medical School Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
| | - Domokos Bartis
- Department of Clinical Respiratory Sciences, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research University of Birmingham Research Laboratories Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Medical School Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
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16
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ATG5 is induced by DNA-damaging agents and promotes mitotic catastrophe independent of autophagy. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2130. [PMID: 23945651 PMCID: PMC3753548 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drug therapy activates both molecular cell death and autophagy pathways. Here we show that even sublethal concentrations of DNA-damaging drugs, such as etoposide and cisplatin, induce the expression of autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), which is both necessary and sufficient for the subsequent induction of mitotic catastrophe. We demonstrate that ATG5 translocates to the nucleus, where it physically interacts with survivin in response to DNA-damaging agents both in vitro and in carcinoma tissues obtained from patients who had undergone radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. As a consequence, elements of the chromosomal passenger complex are displaced during mitosis, resulting in chromosome misalignment and segregation defects. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy does not prevent ATG5-dependent mitotic catastrophe, but shifts the balance to an early caspase-dependent cell death. Our data suggest a dual role for ATG5 in response to drug-induced DNA damage, where it acts in two signalling pathways in two distinct cellular compartments, the cytosol and the nucleus. The protein ATG5 is known to be involved in the formation of autophagosomes. Here, Maskey et al. identify a new role of ATG5 in response to drug-induced DNA damage whereby ATG5 translocates to the nucleus, leading to chromosome misalignment and mitotic catastrophe.
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17
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García-Cazorla A, Oyarzabal A, Fort J, Robles C, Castejón E, Ruiz-Sala P, Bodoy S, Merinero B, Lopez-Sala A, Dopazo J, Nunes V, Ugarte M, Artuch R, Palacín M, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Alcaide P, Navarrete R, Sanz P, Font-Llitjós M, Vilaseca MA, Ormaizabal A, Pristoupilova A, Agulló SB. Two novel mutations in the BCKDK (branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase) gene are responsible for a neurobehavioral deficit in two pediatric unrelated patients. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:470-7. [PMID: 24449431 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the BCKDK gene, which codes for the kinase responsible for the negative regulation of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD), have recently been associated with a form of autism in three families. In this work, two novel exonic BCKDK mutations, c.520C>G/p.R174G and c.1166T>C/p.L389P, were identified at the homozygous state in two unrelated children with persistently reduced body fluid levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), developmental delay, microcephaly, and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Functional analysis of the mutations confirmed the missense character of the c.1166T>C change and showed a splicing defect r.[520c>g;521_543del]/p.R174Gfs1*, for c.520C>G due to the presence of a new donor splice site. Mutation p.L389P showed total loss of kinase activity. Moreover, patient-derived fibroblasts showed undetectable (p.R174Gfs1*) or barely detectable (p.L389P) levels of BCKDK protein and its phosphorylated substrate (phospho-E1α), resulting in increased BCKD activity and the very rapid BCAA catabolism manifested by the patients' clinical phenotype. Based on these results, a protein-rich diet plus oral BCAA supplementation was implemented in the patient homozygous for p.R174Gfs1*. This treatment normalized plasma BCAA levels and improved growth, developmental and behavioral variables. Our results demonstrate that BCKDK mutations can result in neurobehavioral deficits in humans and support the rationale for dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angels García-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Mock U, Thiele R, Uhde A, Fehse B, Horn S. Efficient lentiviral transduction and transgene expression in primary human B cells. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 23:408-15. [PMID: 23240650 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary human B cells are an attractive target for gene-therapeutic applications, but have been found to be relatively resistant toward transduction with lentiviral vectors (LVVs), even though a number of different envelope pseudotypes were tested. Moreover, low transgene expression in primary human B cells has impeded the use of LVVs for this target cell. We investigated the transduction potential of gibbon-ape leukemia virus (GALV) Env-pseudotyped LVVs for primary human B cells. By establishing optimized transduction kinetics and multiplicities of infection, we were able to regularly obtain transduction efficiencies of more than 50% in CD40L-activated B cells. Noteworthy, with the use of GALV-pseudotyped LVVs we could achieve a more than 10-fold higher yield of transduced activated B cells in direct comparison with LVVs pseudotyped with measles virus glycoproteins. Phenotyping of transduced primary B cells revealed a majority of memory B cells, a long-lived phenotype, presumed to be well suited for enduring therapeutic interventions. Finally, by combining the enhancer (Eμ) and the matrix/scaffold-attachment regions (MARs) of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain with the promoter of spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) we aimed at generating a novel LVV particularly suitable for B cell transgenesis. We show that the optimized vector facilitated significantly higher transgene expression in various B cell lines and, more importantly, primary human B cells (mean factor of three). In summary, we have established a novel protocol for the efficient lentiviral transduction of primary human B cells and have improved transgene expression in B cells by a specific vector modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Mock
- Research Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Bartis D, Csongei V, Weich A, Kiss E, Barko S, Kovacs T, Avdicevic M, D’Souza VK, Rapp J, Kvell K, Jakab L, Nyitrai M, Molnar TF, Thickett DR, Laszlo T, Pongracz JE. Down-regulation of canonical and up-regulation of non-canonical Wnt signalling in the carcinogenic process of squamous cell lung carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57393. [PMID: 23505429 PMCID: PMC3591434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of lung cancers (LC) belong to the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) type. The two main NSCLC sub-types, namely adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), respond differently to therapy. Whereas the link between cigarette smoke and lung cancer risk is well established, the relevance of non-canonical Wnt pathway up-regulation detected in SCC remains poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to investigate further the molecular events in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling during SCC development. A total of 20 SCC and AC samples with matched non-cancerous controls were obtained after surgery. TaqMan array analysis confirmed up-regulation of non-canonical Wnt5a and Wnt11 and identified down-regulation of canonical Wnt signalling in SCC samples. The molecular changes were tested in primary small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) and various lung cancer cell lines (e.g. A549, H157, etc). Our studies identified Wnt11 and Wnt5a as regulators of cadherin expression and potentiated relocation of β-catenin to the nucleus as an important step in decreased cellular adhesion. The presented data identifies additional details in the regulation of SCC that can aid identification of therapeutic drug targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domokos Bartis
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Csongei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Alexander Weich
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Edit Kiss
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Barko
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Monika Avdicevic
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Vijay K. D’Souza
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Rapp
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Jakab
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Miklos Nyitrai
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas F. Molnar
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - David R. Thickett
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Terezia Laszlo
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Pichard V, Aubert D, Boni S, Battaglia S, Ivacik D, Nguyen TH, Arbuthnot P, Ferry N. Specific micro RNA-regulated TetR-KRAB transcriptional control of transgene expression in viral vector-transduced cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51952. [PMID: 23251659 PMCID: PMC3522580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of transgene expression in a tissue-specific and temporally regulated manner is desirable for many basic and applied investigations gene therapy applications. This is important to regulate dose of transgene products and minimize unwanted effects. Previously described methods have employed tissue specific promoters, miRNA-based transgene silencing or tetR-KRAB-mediated suppression of transgene promoters. To improve on versatility of transgene expression control, we have developed expression systems that use combinations of a tetR-KRAB artificial transgene-repressor, endogenous miRNA silencing machinery and tissue specific promoters. Precise control of transgene expression was demonstrated in liver-, macrophage- and muscle-derived cells. Efficiency was also demonstrated in vivo in murine muscle. This multicomponent and modular regulatory system provides a robust and easily adaptable method for achieving regulated transgene expression in different tissue types. The improved precision of regulation will be useful for many gene therapy applications requiring specific spatiotemporal transgene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Pichard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 948, Nantes, France.
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21
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Lentiviral vectors displaying modified measles virus gp overcome pre-existing immunity in in vivo-like transduction of human T and B cells. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1699-712. [PMID: 22617109 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer into quiescent T and B cells is important for gene therapy and immunotherapy approaches. Previously, we generated lentiviral vectors (LVs) pseudotyped with Edmonston (Ed) measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) glycoproteins (H/F-LVs), which allowed efficient transduction of quiescent human T and B cells. However, a major obstacle in the use of H/F-LVs in vivo is that most of the human population is vaccinated against measles. As the MV humoral immune response is exclusively directed against the H protein of MV, we mutated the two dominant epitopes in H, Noose, and NE. LVs pseudotyped with these mutant H-glycoproteins escaped inactivation by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) but were still neutralized by human serum. Consequently, we took advantage of newly emerged MV-D genotypes that were less sensitive to MV vaccination due to a different glycosylation pattern. The mutation responsible was introduced into the H/F-LVs, already mutated for Noose and NE epitopes. We found that these mutant H/F-LVs could efficiently transduce quiescent lymphocytes in the presence of high concentrations of MV antibody-positive human serum. Finally, upon incubation with total blood, mimicking the in vivo situation, the mutant H/F-LVs escaped MV antibody neutralization, where the original H/F-LVs failed. Thus, these novel H/F-LVs offer perspectives for in vivo lymphocyte-based gene therapy and immunotherapy.
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22
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Savitsky AP, Rusanov AL, Zherdeva VV, Gorodnicheva TV, Khrenova MG, Nemukhin AV. FLIM-FRET Imaging of Caspase-3 Activity in Live Cells Using Pair of Red Fluorescent Proteins. Theranostics 2012; 2:215-26. [PMID: 22375160 PMCID: PMC3287422 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new technique to detect enzyme activity inside cells. The method based on Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) technology allows one to follow sensor cleavage by proteolytic enzyme caspase-3. Specifically, we use the FLIM FRET of living cells via the confocal fluorescence microscopy. A specially designed lentivector pLVT with the DNA fragment of TagRFP-23-KFP was applied for transduction of A549 cell lines. Computer simulations are carried out to estimate FRET efficiency and to analyze possible steric restrictions of the reaction between the substrate TagRFP-23-KFP and caspase-3 dimer. Successful use of the fuse protein TagRFP-23-KFP to register the caspase-3 activation based on average life-time measurements is demonstrated. We show that the average life-time distribution is dramatically changed for cells with the modified morphology that is typical for apoptosis. Namely, the short-lived component at 1.8-2.1 ns completely disappears and the long-lived component appears at 2.4-2.6 ns. The latter is a fingerprint of the TagRFP molecule released after cleavage of the TagRFP-23-KFP complex by caspase-3. Analysis of life-time distributions for population of cells allows us to discriminate apoptotic and surviving cells within single frame and to peform statistical analysis of drug efficiency. This system can be adjusted for HTS by using special readers oriented on measurements of fluorescence life-time.
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Barde I, Salmon P, Trono D. Production and titration of lentiviral vectors. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2011; Chapter 4:Unit 4.21. [PMID: 20938923 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0421s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have emerged over the last decade as powerful, reliable, and safe tools for stable gene transfer in a wide variety of mammalian cells. Unlike other vectors derived from oncoretroviruses, they allow for stable gene delivery into most nondividing primary cells, including neurons. This is why lentivectors (LVs) are becoming the most useful and promising tools in the field of neuroscience, not only for research, but also for future gene and cell therapy approaches. LVs derived from HIV-1 have gradually evolved to display many desirable features aimed at increasing both their safety and their versatility. These latest designs are reviewed in this unit. This unit also describes protocols for production and titration of LVs that can be implemented in a research laboratory setting, with an emphasis on standardization to improve transposability of results between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Barde
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Frontiers in Genetics, National Center of Competence in Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Moghimi B, Zolotukhin I, Sack BK, Herzog RW, Cao O. High Efficiency Ex Vivo Gene Transfer to Primary Murine B Cells Using Plasmid or Viral Vectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2. [PMID: 23565344 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary autologous B-lymphocytes, following ex vivo gene transfer and re-implantation, have been successfully utilized to prevent autoimmune disease and adaptive responses to therapeutic proteins in several animal models. However, efficient gene transfer to primary B cells requires use of retroviral vectors, which increase the risk of insertional mutagenesis. Here, we evaluated several alternative gene transfer approaches. Resting splenic B cells were purified and activated with LPS, and ex vivo GFP gene transfer was performed by means of nucleofection, lipofectamine, adenoviral infection, or murine retroviral infection. The Adenoviral (Ad) vectors were added to B cell cultures with or without calcium phosphate precipitation. For transfection and nucleofection, naked plasmid DNA was utilized. Nucleofection technology represents a modified electroporation technique for effective transfer of nucleic acids to the nucleus and thus enhances the efficiency of transfer particularly for primary cells. Efficiency of ex vivo gene transfer was determined by flow cytometry using GFP, CD19, and a vital dye as markers. Nucleofection yielded the highest level of gene transfer with 60-65% of B cells being GFP+. Efficiencies were 30-35% for retrovirus, 20% for Ad5/11, 15% for Ad5/35, and 5% for lipofectamine-mediated transfection. Calcium phosphate precipitation increased efficiencies for Ad vectors to 30% (Ad5/11) and 25% (Ad5/35). Lipofectamin caused the greatest cell death at 80%, followed by nucleofection (35%), and viral vector (10-15% in each case). For all methods, gene transfer efficiencies were nearly identical for B cells from C57BL/6 or C3H/HeOuJ mice. In conclusion, recent advances in gene transfer technologies provide alternatives to retroviral vectors for primary B cells. If stable gene transfer is desired, non-integrating vector systems may be combined with transposon- or phage integrase-based systems or future site-specific systems to achieve integration into the host B cell genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Moghimi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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25
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Frecha C, Lévy C, Cosset FL, Verhoeyen E. Advances in the field of lentivector-based transduction of T and B lymphocytes for gene therapy. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1748-57. [PMID: 20736930 PMCID: PMC2951569 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient gene transfer into quiescent T and B lymphocytes for gene therapy or immunotherapy purposes may allow the treatment of several genetic dysfunctions of the hematopoietic system, such as immunodeficiencies, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancers and acquired diseases. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) can transduce many types of nonproliferating cells, with the exception of some particular quiescent cell types such as resting T and B cells. In T cells, completion of reverse transcription (RT), nuclear import, and subsequent integration of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein pseudotyped LV (VSVG-LV) genome does not occur efficiently unless they are activated via the T-cell receptor (TCR) or by survival-cytokines inducing them to enter into the G(1b) phase of the cell cycle. Lentiviral transduction of B cells is another matter because even B-cell receptor-stimulation inducing proliferation is not sufficient to allow efficient VSVG-LV transduction. Recently, a new LV carrying the glycoproteins of measles virus (MV) at its surface was able to overcome vector restrictions in both quiescent T and B cells. Importantly, naive as well as memory T and B cells were efficiently transduced while no apparent activation, cell-cycle entry, or phenotypic switch were detected, which opens the door to a multitude of gene therapy and immunotherapy applications as reported here.
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26
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Schmitt F, Remy S, Dariel A, Flageul M, Pichard V, Boni S, Usal C, Myara A, Laplanche S, Anegon I, Labrune P, Podevin G, Ferry N, Nguyen TH. Lentiviral vectors that express UGT1A1 in liver and contain miR-142 target sequences normalize hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:999-1007, 1007.e1-2. [PMID: 20546738 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crigler-Najjar type 1 (CN-I) is an inherited liver disease caused by an absence of bilirubin-uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) activity. It results in life-threatening levels of unconjugated bilirubin, and therapeutic options are limited. We used adult Gunn rats (an animal model of the disease) to evaluate the efficiency of lentiviral-based gene therapy to express UGT1A1 in liver. METHODS Gunn rats were given intraportal injections of VSVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors that encode UGT1A1 under the control of a liver-specific transthyretin promoter (mTTR.hUGT1A1); this vector does not contain target sequences for miR-142, a microRNA that is expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells. Rats were also injected with the vector mTTR.hUGT1A1.142T, which contains 4 copies of the miR-142 target sequences; its messenger RNA should be degraded in antigen-presenting cells. Bilirubinemia was monitored, and the presence of transduced hepatocytes was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Vector expression was tested in vitro in rat hematopoietic cells. RESULTS In Gunn rats, bilirubin levels normalized 2 weeks after administration of mTTR.hUGT1A1. However, hyperbilirubinemia resumed 8 weeks after vector administration, concomitant with the induction of an immune response. In contrast, in rats injected with mTTR-UGT1A1.142T, bilirubin levels normalized for up to 6 months and transduced cells were not eliminated. CONCLUSIONS Lentiviral vectors that express UGT1A1 reduce hyperbilirubinemia in immunocompetent Gunn rats for at least 6 months. The immune response against virally expressed UGT1A1 can be circumvented by inclusion of miR-142 target sequences, which reduce vector expression in antigen-presenting cells. This lentiviral-based gene therapy approach might be developed to treat patients with CN-I.
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27
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Lentiviral vectors and transduction of human cancer B cells. Blood 2010; 116:498-500; author reply 500. [PMID: 20651085 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-276014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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28
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Schmitt F, Flageul M, Dariel A, Pichard V, Pontes CA, Boni S, Podevin G, Myara A, Ferry N, Nguyen TH. Transient increase in intrahepatic pressure mediates successful treatment of the Gunn rat with reduced doses of lentiviral vector. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:1349-56. [PMID: 20486774 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors can stably transduce hepatocytes and are promising tools for gene therapy of hepatic diseases. Although hepatocytes are accessible to blood-borne viral vectors through fenestrations of the hepatic endothelium, improved liver transduction after delivery of vectors to the blood stream is needed. As the normal endothelial fenestration and lentiviral vectors are similar in size (150 nm), we hypothesized that a transient increase in hepatic blood pressure may enhance in vivo gene transfer to hepatocytes. We designed a simple surgical procedure, by which the liver is temporarily excluded from blood flow. Lentiviral vectors were injected in a large volume to increase intrahepatic pressure. We demonstrated that in the Gunn rat, a model of Crigler-Najjar disease, the administration of low vector doses (corresponding to a multiplicity of infection of 0.2) by this procedure resulted in therapeutic correction of hyperbilirubinemia, without toxicity. The correction was sustained for 10 months (end of study). The same vector amounts yielded only partial correction after intraportal delivery. We believe that this new and clinically applicable strategy may broaden the range of genetic liver diseases accessible to gene therapy.
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29
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Deng S, Yuan T, Cheng X, Jian R, Jiang J. B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein1 up-regulates the expression of B-cell maturation antigen in mouse plasma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3747-55. [PMID: 20339926 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein1(Blimp-1) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are essential factors in the development and survival of plasma cells. However, whether Blimp-1 could regulate the expression of BCMA is unknown. We found that the BCMA promoter region did not have typical "TATA" and "CAAT" box, but contained several potential binding sites of transcription factors, including the consensus sequences for Blimp-1, located in the "-31 to -21" and "-46 to -36" from the potential transcription initiation site of the mouse BCMA gene, respectively. Furthermore, induction of Blimp-1 over-expression significantly up-regulated the expression of BCMA and increased the BCMA promoter activity in mouse J558L plasma cells. In parallel, knockdown of Blimp-1 expression by the Blimp-1-specific shRNA significantly reduced the BCMA mRNA transcription and protein expression in J558L cells in vitro. Substitution mutation of the "-38 to -42" sequence, but not the "-23 to -27", in the BCMA promoter abolished the regulatory effect of Blimp-1 on the expression of BCMA. Importantly, Blimp-1 bound to the "GAAAC", but not its mutant "GATTC", contained BCMA promoter, as determined by competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Therefore, our data clearly suggest that Blimp-s a positive regulator of the expression of BCMA gene in mouse plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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30
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Dassa EP, Dufour E, Goncalves S, Jacobs HT, Rustin P. The alternative oxidase, a tool for compensating cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in human cells. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 137:427-434. [PMID: 19493305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants as well as in a number of micro-organisms, and in several animal phyla, but not in mammals, the alternative oxidase (AOX) possibly by-passes the cytochrome segment of the respiratory chain. The AOX is located at the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, being activated by over-reduction of the quinone pool and accumulation of keto-acids such as pyruvate. Since these conditions are frequently encountered in patients with mitochondrial diseases, we hypothesized that the expression of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis AOX might alleviate the consequences of a blockade of the cytochrome segment of the respiratory chain in human cells. We previously expressed the C. intestinalis AOX in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293-T-derived) cells conferring cyanide-resistance to cell respiration without any detectable detrimental effect (Hakkaart et al. 2006). We have now expressed the AOX in human cultured fibroblasts either with a functional respiratory chain (foreskin immortalized fibroblasts, BJ1-htert) or presenting a cytochrome c oxidase deficiency resulting from an impaired heme aa3 biogenesis. We used immortalized COX15-deficient skin fibroblasts from a patient who died from an early fatal cardiomyopathy. We found that the expression of the AOX in these cells was well tolerated and corrected for the various consequences of the cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in COX15-mutant cells, i.e. decreased cell respiration, glucose and pyruvate dependency. We thus validated our hypothesis that AOX could compensate for cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel P Dassa
- Inserm, U676 and Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
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31
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Efficient and stable transduction of resting B lymphocytes and primary chronic lymphocyte leukemia cells using measles virus gp displaying lentiviral vectors. Blood 2009; 114:3173-80. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-220798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractUp to now, no lentiviral vector (LV) tool existed to govern efficient and stable gene delivery into quiescent B lymphocytes, which hampers its application in gene therapy and immunotherapy areas. Here, we report that LVs incorporating measles virus (MV) glycoproteins, H and F, on their surface allowed transduction of 50% of quiescent B cells, which are not permissive to VSVG-LV transduction. This high transduction level correlated with B-cell SLAM expression and was not at cost of cell-cycle entry or B-cell activation. Moreover, the naive and memory phenotypes of transduced resting B cells were maintained. Importantly, H/F-LVs represent the first tool permitting stable transduction of leukemic cancer cells, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, blocked in G0/G1 early phase of the cell cycle. Thus, H/F-LV transduction overcomes the limitations of current LVs by making B cell–based gene therapy and immunotherapy applications feasible. These new LVs will facilitate antibody production and the study of gene functions in these healthy and cancer immune cells.
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Abstract
HCV infection leads in 50 to 80% of cases to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin form the basis for treatment but are not sufficiently effective and have numerous side effects. Although about 300 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected, the characterization of HCV biology and associated pathologies and development of new therapeutics have been slow. Systems that support HCV replication and particle formation in vitro have emerged only over the last few years, over 15 years after the discovery of the virus. The available infection models have remained limited to chimpanzee (1) and immunodeficient mice carrying engrafted human liver cells (2). HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) were the first in vitro infection system to become available for investigation of entry and neutralization of this major human pathogen. HCVpp are formed by incorporation of the full-length hepatitis C virus glycoproteins E1 and E2 onto lenti- or retroviral core particles. HCVpp have been validated by many research groups, closely mimic the functionality of the wild-type virus in terms of cell entry and neutralization, and have even been used to isolate the recent HCV receptor Claudin-1. HCVpp are a useful model system not only because of the functional conservation of the envelope glycoproteins with those of the wild-type virus, but also because the retro- or lentiviral vectors used to form them offer of a number of significant technical advantages.
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Wendtner CM, Kofler DM, Mayr C, Bund D, Hallek M. The Potential of Gene Transfer into Primary B-CLL Cells Using Recombinant Virus Vectors. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:897-904. [PMID: 15291346 DOI: 10.1080/10428190310001638896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as the most common leukemia remains a largely incurable disease. Modern treatment options include novel drugs like purine analogues, monoclonal antibodies and transplantation strategies. Moreover, gene transfer of immunostimulatory molecules is another, but still experimental approach that can be used to potentiate immune responses against leukemic cells. CD40 ligand (CD40L) was shown to be a promising molecule for immunotherapy of B-CLL playing a critical role in immune activation. However, CLL B cells are resistant to transduction with most currently available vector systems. Improving the efficiency and specificity of gene vectors is critical for the success of gene therapy in this area. Using replication defective adenovirus encoding CD40L (Ad-CD40L), immunologic and clinical responses were seen in CLL patients after infusion of autologous Ad-CD40L-CLL cells in a recent phase I trial. Due to the immunogenic nature of adenovirus vectors, alternative vector systems are currently explored. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) was shown to enable efficient transduction of primary B-CLL cells. By use of a library of AAV clones with randomly modified capsids, receptor-targeting mutants with a tropism for CLL cells can be selected. Furthermore, helper-virus free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based gene transfer vectors hold promise for development of CLL-targeted vaccines after remaining safety issues will be resolved. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based vectors, especially HSV amplicons, have favorable features for B-CLL gene transfer including high transduction efficiency, ability to infect postmitotic cells and a large packaging capacity. The challenge for the future will be to transfer these alternative vector systems into clinic and allow the detection of a CLL-specific immune response by use of defined tumor antigens. This will make it possible to establish the potential clinical role of gene therapy for CLL patients.
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MESH Headings
- CD40 Ligand/administration & dosage
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Transduction, Genetic
- Viruses/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wendtner
- Medical Clinic III, Klinikum Grosshadern Medical Center, München, German.
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Menzel O, Birraux J, Wildhaber BE, Jond C, Lasne F, Habre W, Trono D, Nguyen TH, Chardot C. Biosafety in ex vivo gene therapy and conditional ablation of lentivirally transduced hepatocytes in nonhuman primates. Mol Ther 2009; 17:1754-60. [PMID: 19568222 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo gene therapy is an interesting alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for treating metabolic liver diseases. In this study, we investigated its efficacy and biosafety in nonhuman primates. Hepatocytes isolated from liver lobectomy were transduced in suspension with a bicistronic liver-specific lentiviral vector and immediately autotransplanted (SLIT) into three cynomolgus monkeys. The vector encoded cynomolgus erythropoietin (EPO) and the conditional suicide gene herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). Survival of transduced hepatocytes and vector dissemination were evaluated by detecting transgene expression and vector DNA. SLIT was safely performed within a day in all three subjects. Serum EPO and hematocrit rapidly increased post-SLIT and their values returned to baseline within about 1 month. Isoforms of EPO detected in monkeys' sera differed from the physiological renal EPO. In liver biopsies at months 8 and 15, we detected EPO protein, vector mRNA and DNA, demonstrating long-term survival and functionality of transplanted lentivirally transduced hepatocytes. Valganciclovir administration resulted in complete ablation of the transduced hepatocytes. We demonstrated the feasibility and biosafety of SLIT, and the long term (>1 year) functionality of lentivirally transduced hepatocytes in nonhuman primates. The HSV-TK/valganciclovir suicide strategy can increase the biosafety of liver gene therapy protocols by safely and completely ablating transduced hepatocytes on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Menzel
- Research Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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35
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Kvell K, Czömpöly T, Hiripi L, Balogh P, Kóbor J, Bodrogi L, Pongrácz JE, Ritchie WA, Bősze Z. Characterisation of eGFP-transgenic BALB/c mouse strain established by lentiviral transgenesis. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:105-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A Step Toward Liver Gene Therapy: Efficient Correction of the Genetic Defect of Hepatocytes Isolated From a Patient With Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1 With Lentiviral Vectors. Transplantation 2009; 87:1006-12. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31819ca245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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Dassa EP, Dufour E, Gonçalves S, Paupe V, Hakkaart GAJ, Jacobs HT, Rustin P. Expression of the alternative oxidase complements cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in human cells. EMBO Mol Med 2009; 1:30-6. [PMID: 20049701 PMCID: PMC3378104 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.200900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical conditions, ranging from early onset devastating encephalomyopathy and cardiomyopathy, to neurological diseases in adulthood and in the elderly. No method of compensating successfully for COX deficiency has been reported so far. In vitro, COX-deficient human cells require additional glucose, pyruvate and uridine for normal growth and are specifically sensitive to oxidative stress. Here, we have tested whether the expression of a mitochondrially targeted, cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase (AOX) from Ciona intestinalis could alleviate the metabolic abnormalities of COX-deficient human cells either from a patient harbouring a COX15 pathological mutation or rendered deficient by silencing the COX10 gene using shRNA. We demonstrate that the expression of the AOX, well-tolerated by the cells, compensates for both the growth defect and the pronounced oxidant-sensitivity of COX-deficient human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel P Dassa
- Inserm, U676 and Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
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Wang X, Tang R, Xue Z, Jiang F, Zhang M, Bu B. Lentivector-mediated RNAi efficiently downregulates expression of murine TNF-alpha gene in vitro and in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:112-7. [PMID: 19224176 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the role of TNF-alpha in Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, lentiviral-delivered RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence the expression of murine TNF-alpha gene in vitro and in npc mice. Interference efficiency of the lentivirus expressing TNF-alpha-siRNA, previously constructed with the concentration of 2 x 10(8) ifu/mL, was determined by RT-PCR and ELISA in BV-2 cells and astrocytes. At the same time, the constructed Lenti-TNF-alpha-siRNA was intracerebroventricularly infused into 4-week old npc mice for a 4-week period, and the mice were divided into 3 groups: Lenti-TNF-alpha-siRNA (n=6), control lentivirus (n=6), and NPC mice without any intervention (n=4). By using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, the down-regulation of the target genes was detected. The Lenti-TNF-alpha-siRNA downregulated the expression of murine TNF-alpha gene efficiently in vitro and the interference efficiency was 66.7%. Lentivirus could be expressed stably for long-term in the npc mice brain. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR revealed that, as compared with non-intervention group and Lenti-control group, Lenti-TNF-alpha-siRNA efficiently down-regulated the expression of murine TNF-alpha gene with the interference efficiency being 66.9%. TNF-alpha-siRNA down-regulated the expression of TNF-alpha gene in vitro and in vivo, which provided a potential tool for studying and treating neurodegenerative diseases and TNF-alpha-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ziegler L, Yang L, Joo KI, Yang H, Baltimore D, Wang P. Targeting lentiviral vectors to antigen-specific immunoglobulins. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:861-72. [PMID: 18590376 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer into B cells by lentivectors can provide an alternative approach to managing B lymphocyte malignancies and autoreactive B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. These pathogenic B cell populations can be distinguished by their surface expression of monospecific immunoglobulin. Development of a novel vector system to deliver genes to these specific B cells could improve the safety and efficacy of gene therapy. We have developed an efficient method to target lentivectors to monospecific immunoglobulin-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. We were able to incorporate a model antigen CD20 and a fusogenic protein derived from the Sindbis virus as two distinct molecules into the lentiviral surface. This engineered vector could specifically bind to cells expressing surface immunoglobulin recognizing CD20 (alphaCD20), resulting in efficient transduction of target cells in a cognate antigen-dependent manner in vitro, and in vivo in a xenografted tumor model. Tumor suppression was observed in vivo, using the engineered lentivector to deliver a suicide gene to a xenografted tumor expressing alphaCD20. These results show the feasibility of engineering lentivectors to target immunoglobulin- specific cells to deliver a therapeutic effect. Such targeting lentivectors also could potentially be used to genetically mark antigen-specific B cells in vivo to study their B cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Ziegler
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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40
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Funke S, Maisner A, Mühlebach MD, Koehl U, Grez M, Cattaneo R, Cichutek K, Buchholz CJ. Targeted cell entry of lentiviral vectors. Mol Ther 2008; 16:1427-36. [PMID: 18578012 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Retargeting of lentiviral vector entry to cell types of interest is a key factor in improving the safety and efficacy of gene transfer. In this study we show that the retargetable envelope glycoproteins of measles virus (MV), namely, the hemagglutinin (H) responsible for receptor recognition and the fusion protein (F), can pseudotype human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vectors when their cytoplasmic tails are truncated. We then pseudotyped HIV-1 vectors with MV glycoproteins displaying on H either the epidermal growth factor or a single-chain antibody directed against CD20, but without the ability to recognize their native receptors. Gene transfer into cells that expressed the targeted receptor was several orders of magnitude more efficient than into cells that did not. High-target versus nontarget cell discrimination was demonstrated in mixed cell populations, where the targeting vector selectively eliminated CD20-positive cells after suicide gene transfer. Remarkably, primary human CD20-positive B lymphocytes were transduced more efficiently by the CD20-targeted vector than by a vector pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) protein. In addition, the CD20-targeted vector was able to transduce even unstimulated primary B cells, whereas VSV-G pseudotyped vectors were unable to do so. Because MV enters cells through direct fusion at the cell membrane, this novel targeting system should be widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Funke
- 1Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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41
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Salmon P, Trono D. Production and titration of lentiviral vectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 12:Unit 12.10. [PMID: 18428406 DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg1210s54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have emerged over the last decade as powerful, reliable and safe tools for stable gene transfer in a wide variety of mammalian cells. Unlike other vectors derived from oncoretroviruses, they allow for stable gene delivery into most nondividing primary cells. This is why LVs are becoming useful and promising tools for future gene and cell therapy approaches. Lentivectors (LVs) derived from HIV-1 have gradually evolved to display many desirable features aimed at increasing both their safety and their versatility. These latest designs are reviewed in this unit. This unit also describes protocols for production and titration of LVs that can be implemented in a research laboratory setting, with an emphasis on standardization to improve transposability of results between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Salmon
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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42
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Swainson L, Mongellaz C, Adjali O, Vicente R, Taylor N. Lentiviral Transduction of Immune Cells. Innate Immun 2008; 415:301-20. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-570-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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43
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Good KL, Tangye SG. Decreased expression of Kruppel-like factors in memory B cells induces the rapid response typical of secondary antibody responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13420-5. [PMID: 17673551 PMCID: PMC1948953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703872104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary antibody responses are characterized by the rapid kinetics of the responding cells, including the production of larger amounts of serum Ig compared with the primary response. Memory B cells, which are responsible for this phenomenon, undergo greater proliferation and differentiation into Ig-secreting plasma cells than naïve B cells. We have found that memory cells rapidly enter cell division, irrespective of extrinsic stimuli. Microarray analysis of human splenic B cells revealed that naïve cells express higher levels than memory B cells of Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 4, KLF9, and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), transcription factors important in maintaining cellular quiescence. These genes were down-regulated after activation through CD40 and the B cell receptor. Enforced expression of KLF4, KLF9, and PLZF in memory B cells delayed their entry into division and reduced the number of proliferating cells, such that the behavior of transfected memory cells resembled that of naïve B cells. Thus, the accelerated response of memory B cells correlates with reduced expression of KLF4, KLF9, and PLZF and the subsequent regulatory effects they exert on the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L. Good
- *Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown 2048 NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia; and
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stuart G. Tangye
- *Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown 2048 NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Immunology and Inflammation Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia. E-mail:
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Bartis D, Boldizsár F, Kvell K, Szabó M, Pálinkás L, Németh P, Monostori E, Berki T. Intermolecular relations between the glucocorticoid receptor, ZAP-70 kinase, and Hsp-90. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 354:253-8. [PMID: 17222799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) participates in both genomic and non-genomic glucocorticoid hormone (GC) actions by interacting with other cytoplasmic signalling proteins. Previously, we have shown that high dose Dexamethasone (DX) treatment of Jurkat cells causes tyrosine phosphorylation of ZAP-70 within 5 min in a GR-dependent manner. By using co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy, here we demonstrate that the liganded GR physically associates with ZAP-70, in addition to its phosphorylation changes. The association of the ligand-bound GR and ZAP-70 was also observed in HeLa cells transfected with ZAP-70, suggesting that this co-clustering is independent of lymphocyte specific factors. Furthermore, the ZAP-70 was found to also co-precipitate with Hsp-90 chaperone both in Jurkat and transgenic HeLa cells, independent of the presence of DX. These findings raise the possibility that ZAP-70 may serve as an important link between GC and TcR-induced signaling, thereby transmitting non-genomic GC action in T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domokos Bartis
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Salmon
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de, Lausanne and “Frontiers in Genetics”, National Center for Competence in Research Lausanne Switzerland
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) neuroinvasion occurs early (during period of initial viremia), leading to infection of a limited amount of susceptible cells with low CD4 expression. Protective cellular and humoral immunity eliminate and suppress viral replication relatively quickly due to peripheral immune responses and the low level of initial central nervous system (CNS) infection. Upregulation of the brain protective mechanisms against lymphocyte entry and survival (related to immune privilege) helps reduce viral load in the brain. The local immune compartment dictates local viral evolution as well as selection of cytotoxic lymphocytes and immunoglobulin G specificity. Such status can be sustained until peripheral immune anti-viral responses fail. Activation of microglia and astrocytes, due to local or peripheral triggers, increases chemokine production, enhances traffic of infected cells into the CNS, upregulates viral replication in resident brain macrophages, and significantly augments the spread of viral species. The combination of these factors leads to the development of HIV-1 encephalitis-associated neurocognitive decline and patient death. Understanding the immune-privileged state created by virus, the brain microenvironment, and the ability to enhance anti-viral immunity offer new therapeutic strategies for treatment of HIV-1 CNS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Persidsky
- Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5215, USA.
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47
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Yousefi S, Perozzo R, Schmid I, Ziemiecki A, Schaffner T, Scapozza L, Brunner T, Simon HU. Calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg5 switches autophagy to apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2006; 8:1124-32. [PMID: 16998475 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 990] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy-related gene (Atg) 5 is a gene product required for the formation of autophagosomes. Here, we report that Atg5, in addition to the promotion of autophagy, enhances susceptibility towards apoptotic stimuli. Enforced expression of Atg5-sensitized tumour cells to anticancer drug treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, silencing the Atg5 gene with short interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in partial resistance to chemotherapy. Apoptosis was associated with calpain-mediated Atg5 cleavage, resulting in an amino-terminal cleavage product with a relative molecular mass of 24,000 (Mr 24K). Atg5 cleavage was observed independent of the cell type and the apoptotic stimulus, suggesting that calpain activation and Atg5 cleavage are general phenomena in apoptotic cells. Truncated Atg5 translocated from the cytosol to mitochondria, associated with the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-xL and triggered cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Taken together, calpain-mediated Atg5 cleavage provokes apoptotic cell death, therefore, represents a molecular link between autophagy and apoptosis--a finding with potential importance for clinical anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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48
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Cooper EL, Kvell K, Engelmann P, Nemeth P. Still waiting for the toll? Immunol Lett 2006; 104:18-28. [PMID: 16368151 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms including invertebrates and vertebrates live in various habitats that may be aquatic or terrestrial where they are constantly exposed to deleterious pathogens. These include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. They have evolved various immunodefense mechanisms that may protect them from infection by these microorganisms. These include cellular and humoral responses and the level of differentiation of the response parallels the evolutionary development of the species. The first line of innate immunity in earthworms is the body wall that prevents the entrance of microbes into the coelomic cavity that contains fluid in which there are numerous leukocyte effectors of immune responses. When this first barrier is broken, a series of host responses is set into motion activating the leukocytes and the coelomic fluid. The responses are classified as innate, natural, non-specific, non-anticipatory, non-clonal (germ line) in contrast to the vertebrate capacity that is considered adaptive, induced, specific, anticipatory and clonal (somatic). Specific memory is associated with the vertebrate response and there is information that the innate response of invertebrates may under certain conditions possess specific memory. The invertebrate system when challenged affects phagocytosis, encapsulation, agglutination, opsonization, clotting and lysis. At least two major leukocytes, small and large mediate lytic reactions against several tumor cell targets. Destruction of tumor cells in vitro shows that phagocytosis and natural killer cell responses are distinct properties of these leukocytes. This has prompted newer searches for immune function and regulation in other systems. The innate immune system of the earthworm has been analyzed for more than 40 years with every aspect examined. However, there are no known entire sequences of the earthworm as exists in these other invertebrates. Because the earthworm lives in soil and has been utilized as a successful monitor for pollution, there are studies that reveal up and down regulation of responses in the immune system after exposure to a variety of environmental pollutants. Moreover, there are partial sequences that appear in earthworms after exposure to environmental pollutants such as cadmium and copper. There are now attempts to define the AHR receptor crucial for intracellular signaling after exposure to pollutants, but without linking the signals to changes in the immune system. There are several pathways for signal transduction, including JAK/STAT, TOLL, TRAF PIP3, known in invertebrates and vertebrates. For resistance to pathogens, conserved signal transduction components are required and these include a Toll/IL-1 receptor domain adaptor protein that functions upstream of a conserved p38 MAP kinase pathway. This pathway may be an ancestral innate immune signaling pathway found in a putative common ancestor of nematodes, arthropods and even vertebrates. It could also help us to link pollution, innate immunity and transduction in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Cooper
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, LA 90095-1763, USA
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Kvell K, Czömpöly T, Pikkarainen T, Balogh P. Species-specific restriction of cell surface expression of mouse MARCO glycoprotein in murine cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:1193-202. [PMID: 16460688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The MARCO (macrophage receptor with collagenous structure) glycoprotein belongs to the scavenger receptor type family of pattern-recognition molecules produced by a subset of marginal zone macrophages in the spleen. Stimulation with LPS leads to its appearance on macrophages located at other tissue compartments. In the present work, we report its in vitro expression by various cell lines using transient and stable (lentiviral) gene delivery aimed at investigating the signaling properties of this receptor and its analysis using a novel rat monoclonal antibody against the SRCR-domain of mouse MARCO. When trying to establish stable mouse MARCO-transfectants using lentiviral transduction and other methods, we consistently found that MARCO accumulated intracellularly in various murine host cells. In contrast, such a phenomenon was not observed in non-murine cell lines. Our observations indicate the presence of an unexpected limitation of the in vitro expression of mouse MARCO glycoprotein in murine cell lines. We believe that the failure to express MARCO on the cell surface of the many murine cell lines is likely due to the absence of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones needed for the correct folding and assembly of the trimeric MARCO molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Kvell
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary
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50
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Nguyen TH, Khakhoulina T, Simmons A, Morel P, Trono D. A simple and highly effective method for the stable transduction of uncultured porcine hepatocytes using lentiviral vector. Cell Transplant 2005; 14:489-96. [PMID: 16285257 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783982828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of a wide spectrum of liver diseases. Lentiviral vectors allow the stable integration of transgenes into the genome of nondividing differentiated cells including hepatocytes and could provide long-lasting expression of a therapeutic gene. To develop such approaches, preclinical studies in large animal models such as pigs are necessary to evaluate the feasibility and safety of stable lentiviral integration and long-term vector expression. In addition, effective lentivector-mediated gene transfer onto porcine hepatocytes could advance in cell-based therapies for acute liver failure. To investigate this issue, porcine hepatocytes were transduced in suspension immediately after their isolation in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution containing vitamin E. Up to 80% of hepatocytes stably expressed a GFP transgene after a single exposure to lentiviral vector coding for GFP under the control of either liver-specific or ubiquitous promoters. Moreover, porcine hepatocytes cryopreserved in UW solution containing fetal bovine serum, dimethyl sulfoxide, and vitamin E remained highly transducible with lentiviral vector after thawing. When thawed, transduced in suspension, and immediately transplanted into the spleen of immunodeficient mice, ex vivo lentivirally transgene marked xenogeneic hepatocytes were detected in murine liver. We demonstrated that porcine hepatocytes are highly susceptible to lentiviral vector and describe an easy methodology to efficiently, rapidly, and stably introduce transgenes into uncultured porcine hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Huy Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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