1
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Guo C, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Lv L, Li M. Research on knowledge construction and analysis of pesticide exposure to children based on bibliometrics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:100325-100339. [PMID: 37648921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is a major health problem that cannot be ignored, and children are particularly vulnerable and sensitive. As a result, the study of health damage in children caused by pesticide exposure has gradually developed into an important cross-disciplinary research topic. In this study, we reviewed the current state, characteristics, and trends of existing research findings and summarized them comprehensively and systematically through bibliometrics. We collected and examined a large number of studies using Citespace and Vosviewer, employing a clustering method to analyze the effects of pesticide exposure on children and to highlight the hot keywords in the research field. Through an analysis of the active time of high-frequency keywords, we found that the research field is in a hot spot, and the occurrence value of keywords was used to judge the innovation of the research results, thereby highlighting the frontier and key directions of future research in this field. We conclude that in addition to core pesticides, children, exposure, and other malaria and polychlorinated biphenyls also appear as high-frequency keywords in the research field of pesticide exposure effects on children. The core issues of concern in this field include occupational pesticide exposure and childhood leukemia, history of pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood leukemia, environmental factors and dietary intake and organophosphorus pesticide exposure in children, and pyrethroid pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral development in children. Future research may focus on how to control the safe use of pesticides, quantitative research on pesticide hazards, and potential effects on children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lijuan Lv
- Department of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China.
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010010, China.
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010110, China.
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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2
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Vanlallawma A, Lallawmzuali D, Pautu JL, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Kumar NS. Whole exome sequencing of pediatric leukemia reveals a novel InDel within FLT-3 gene in AML patient from Mizo tribal population, Northeast India. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:23. [PMID: 35350997 PMCID: PMC8961913 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in pediatrics. Genomic mutations contribute towards the molecular mechanism of disease progression and also helps in diagnosis and prognosis. This is the first scientific mutational exploration in whole exome of pediatric leukemia patients from a cancer prone endogamous Mizo tribal population, Northeast India. Result Three non-synonymous exonic variants in NOTCH1 (p.V1699E), MUTYH (p.G143E) and PTPN11 (p.S502P) were found to be pathogenic. A novel in-frame insertion-deletion within the juxtamembrane domain of FLT3 (p.Tyr589_Tyr591delinsTrpAlaGlyAsp) was also observed. Conclusion These unique variants could have a potential mutational significance and these could be candidate genes in elucidating the possibility of predisposition to cancers within the population. This study merits further investigation for its role in diagnosis and prognosis and also suggests the need for population wide screening to identify unique mutations that might play a key role towards precision medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-022-01037-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vanlallawma
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Doris Lallawmzuali
- Department of Pathology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Jeremy L Pautu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
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3
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Watt SM, Hua P, Roberts I. Increasing Complexity of Molecular Landscapes in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073675. [PMID: 35409034 PMCID: PMC8999121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The past five decades have seen significant progress in our understanding of human hematopoiesis. This has in part been due to the unprecedented development of advanced technologies, which have allowed the identification and characterization of rare subsets of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their lineage trajectories from embryonic through to adult life. Additionally, surrogate in vitro and in vivo models, although not fully recapitulating human hematopoiesis, have spurred on these scientific advances. These approaches have heightened our knowledge of hematological disorders and diseases and have led to their improved diagnosis and therapies. Here, we review human hematopoiesis at each end of the age spectrum, during embryonic and fetal development and on aging, providing exemplars of recent progress in deciphering the increasingly complex cellular and molecular hematopoietic landscapes in health and disease. This review concludes by highlighting links between chronic inflammation and metabolic and epigenetic changes associated with aging and in the development of clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +61-403-393-755
| | - Peng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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4
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Galetzka D, Böck J, Wagner L, Dittrich M, Sinizyn O, Ludwig M, Rossmann H, Spix C, Radsak M, Scholz-Kreisel P, Mirsch J, Linke M, Brenner W, Marron M, Poplawski A, Haaf T, Schmidberger H, Prawitt D. Hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 in childhood cancer patients, leukemia and tumor cell lines suggest a role for oncogenic transformation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:117-143. [PMID: 35221838 PMCID: PMC8859646 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most childhood cancers occur sporadically and cannot be explained by an inherited mutation or an unhealthy lifestyle. However, risk factors might trigger the oncogenic transformation of cells. Among other regulatory signals, hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 is responsible for the increased expression of RAD9A protein, which may play a role in oncogenic transformation. Here, we analyzed the RAD9A intron 2 methylation in primary fibroblasts of 20 patients with primary cancer in childhood and second primary cancer (2N) later in life, 20 matched patients with only one primary cancer in childhood (1N) and 20 matched cancer-free controls (0N), using bisulfite pyrosequencing and deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS). Four 1N patients and one 2N patient displayed elevated mean methylation levels (≥ 10 %) of RAD9A. DBS revealed ≥ 2 % hypermethylated alleles of RAD9A, indicative for constitutive mosaic epimutations. Bone marrow samples of NHL and AML tumor patients (n=74), EBV (Epstein Barr Virus) lymphoblasts (n=6), tumor cell lines (n=5) and FaDu subclones (n=13) were analyzed to substantiate our findings. We find a broad spectrum of tumor entities with an aberrant methylation of RAD9A. We detected a significant difference in mean methylation of RAD9A for NHL versus AML patients (p ≤0.025). Molecular karyotyping of AML samples during therapy with hypermethylated RAD9A showed an evolving duplication of 1.8 kb on Chr16p13.3 including the PKD1 gene. Radiation, colony formation assays, cell proliferation, PCR and molecular karyotyping SNP-array experiments using generated FaDu subclones suggest that hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 is associated with genomic imbalances in regions with tumor-relevant genes and survival of the cells. In conclusion, this is the very first study of RAD9A intron 2 methylation in childhood cancer and Leukemia. RAD9A epimutations may have an impact on leukemia and tumorigenesis and can potentially serve as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Böck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Bioinformatics Department, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olesja Sinizyn
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Heidi Rossmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Radsak
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Linke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Wagenblast E, Araújo J, Gan OI, Cutting SK, Murison A, Krivdova G, Azkanaz M, McLeod JL, Smith SA, Gratton BA, Marhon SA, Gabra M, Medeiros JJF, Manteghi S, Chen J, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Garcia-Prat L, Salmena L, De Carvalho DD, Abelson S, Abdelhaleem M, Chong K, Roifman M, Shannon P, Wang JCY, Hitzler JK, Chitayat D, Dick JE, Lechman ER. Mapping the cellular origin and early evolution of leukemia in Down syndrome. Science 2021; 373:eabf6202. [PMID: 34244384 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome have a 150-fold increased risk of developing myeloid leukemia, but the mechanism of predisposition is unclear. Because Down syndrome leukemogenesis initiates during fetal development, we characterized the cellular and developmental context of preleukemic initiation and leukemic progression using gene editing in human disomic and trisomic fetal hematopoietic cells and xenotransplantation. GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) mutations caused transient preleukemia when introduced into trisomy 21 long-term hematopoietic stem cells, where a subset of chromosome 21 microRNAs affected predisposition to preleukemia. By contrast, progression to leukemia was independent of trisomy 21 and originated in various stem and progenitor cells through additional mutations in cohesin genes. CD117+/KIT proto-oncogene (KIT) cells mediated the propagation of preleukemia and leukemia, and KIT inhibition targeted preleukemic stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Lineage
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Down Syndrome/complications
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- Female
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Liver/embryology
- Male
- Megakaryocytes/physiology
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mutation
- Preleukemia/genetics
- Preleukemia/metabolism
- Preleukemia/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cohesins
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin Wagenblast
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Joana Araújo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Hematology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Olga I Gan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sarah K Cutting
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alex Murison
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gabriela Krivdova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria Azkanaz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jessica L McLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sabrina A Smith
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Blaise A Gratton
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sajid A Marhon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Martino Gabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jessie J F Medeiros
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Sanaz Manteghi
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jian Chen
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Laura Garcia-Prat
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sagi Abelson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdelhaleem
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Karen Chong
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maian Roifman
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patrick Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Johann K Hitzler
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric R Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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6
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Lim K, Thompson-Peach C, Thomas D. Neonatal heel prick mass spectrometry identifies metabolic predictors of AML latency. Leuk Res 2021; 109:106644. [PMID: 34175567 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing research efforts that consider cancer as a disease of dramatically altered cellular metabolism have accelerated interest in snapshot metabolomics in various human tissues. In this issue of Leukemia Research, Petrick et al performed metabolomic analysis on newborn blood spots and found a number of unexpected ceramide and sphingolipid compounds that may play a role in the development and latency of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The chemical complexity and range of cellular metabolites massively exceeds the relatively limited building blocks of the transcriptome or the proteome and has high potential to find novel leukemia-specific macromolecular synthesis pathways, metabolic vulnerabilities and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lim
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chloe Thompson-Peach
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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7
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Petrick L, Imani P, Perttula K, Yano Y, Whitehead T, Metayer C, Schiffman C, Dolios G, Dudoit S, Rappaport S. Untargeted metabolomics of newborn dried blood spots reveals sex-specific associations with pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2021; 106:106585. [PMID: 33971561 PMCID: PMC8275155 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is largely unknown, but evidence for mutations in utero and long latency periods suggests that environmental factors play a role. Therefore, we used untargeted metabolomics of archived newborn dried blood spots (DBS) to investigate neonatal exposures as potential causal risk factors for AML. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed on DBS punches from 48 pediatric patients with AML and 46 healthy controls as part of the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS). Because sex disparities are suggested by differences in AML incidence rates, metabolite features associated with AML were identified in analyses stratified by sex. There was no overlap between the 16 predictors of AML in females and 15 predictors in males, suggesting that neonatal metabolomic profiles of pediatric AML risk are sex-specific. In females, four predictors of AML were putatively annotated as ceramides, a class of metabolites that has been linked with cancer cell proliferation. In females, two metabolite predictors of AML were strongly correlated with breastfeeding duration, indicating a possible biological link between this putative protective risk factor and childhood leukemia. In males, a heterogeneous metabolite profile of AML predictors was observed. Replication with larger participant numbers is required to validate findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Petrick
- The Institute of Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Partow Imani
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kelsi Perttula
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Health Sciences, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA
| | - Yukiko Yano
- Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Todd Whitehead
- Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Courtney Schiffman
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stephen Rappaport
- Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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8
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Marcotte EL, Spector LG, Mendes-de-Almeida DP, Nelson HH. The Prenatal Origin of Childhood Leukemia: Potential Applications for Epidemiology and Newborn Screening. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:639479. [PMID: 33968846 PMCID: PMC8102903 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.639479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood leukemias are heterogeneous diseases with widely differing incident rates worldwide. As circulating tumors, childhood acute leukemias are uniquely accessible, and their natural history has been described in greater detail than for solid tumors. For several decades, it has been apparent that most cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) initiate in utero. Circumstantial evidence in support of this contention includes the young age of onset and high rate of concordance among identical twins. "Backtracking" of leukemic somatic mutations, particularly gene translocations, to cord blood and dried blood spots collected during the perinatal period has provided molecular proof of prenatal leukemogenesis. Detection of a patient's leukemia translocation in easily accessible birth samples, such as dried blood spots, is straightforward with the knowledge of their idiosyncratic breakpoints. However, to translate these findings into population-based screening and leukemia prevention requires novel methods able to detect translocations at all possible breakpoints when present in a low frequency of cells. Several studies have attempted to screen for leukemic translocations, mainly the common ETV6-RUNX1 translocation, in cord blood samples from healthy children. Most studies have reported finding translocations in healthy children, but estimates of prevalence have varied widely and greatly exceed the incidence of leukemia, leading to concerns that technical artifact or contamination produced an artificially inflated estimate of translocation prevalence at birth. New generation techniques that capture the presence of these translocations at birth have the potential to vastly increase our understanding of the epidemiology of acute leukemias. For instance, if leukemic translocations are present at birth in a far higher proportion of children than eventually develop acute leukemia, what are the exposures and somatic molecular events that lead to disease? And could children with translocations present at birth be targeted for prevention of disease? These questions must be answered before large-scale newborn screening for leukemia can occur as a public health initiative. Here, we review the literature regarding backtracking of acute leukemias and the prevalence of leukemic translocations at birth. We further suggest an agenda for epidemiologic research using new tools for population screening of leukemic translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Marcotte
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniela P. Mendes-de-Almeida
- Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heather H. Nelson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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9
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Biernacki MA, Foster KA, Woodward KB, Coon ME, Cummings C, Cunningham TM, Dossa RG, Brault M, Stokke J, Olsen TM, Gardner K, Estey E, Meshinchi S, Rongvaux A, Bleakley M. CBFB-MYH11 fusion neoantigen enables T cell recognition and killing of acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5127-5141. [PMID: 32831296 PMCID: PMC7524498 DOI: 10.1172/jci137723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins created from recurrent fusion genes like CBFB-MYH11 are prevalent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), often necessary for leukemogenesis, persistent throughout the disease course, and highly leukemia specific, making them attractive neoantigen targets for immunotherapy. A nonameric peptide derived from a prevalent CBFB-MYH11 fusion protein was found to be immunogenic in HLA-B*40:01+ donors. High-avidity CD8+ T cell clones isolated from healthy donors killed CBFB-MYH11+ HLA-B*40:01+ AML cell lines and primary human AML samples in vitro. CBFB-MYH11-specific T cells also controlled CBFB-MYH11+ HLA-B*40:01+ AML in vivo in a patient-derived murine xenograft model. High-avidity CBFB-MYH11 epitope-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) transduced into CD8+ T cells conferred antileukemic activity in vitro. Our data indicate that the CBFB-MYH11 fusion neoantigen is naturally presented on AML blasts and enables T cell recognition and killing of AML. We provide proof of principle for immunologically targeting AML-initiating fusions and demonstrate that targeting neoantigens has clinical relevance even in low-mutational frequency cancers like fusion-driven AML. This work also represents a first critical step toward the development of TCR T cell immunotherapy targeting fusion gene-driven AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Biernacki
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Kimberly A. Foster
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kyle B. Woodward
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael E. Coon
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carrie Cummings
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tanya M. Cunningham
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robson G. Dossa
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle Brault
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jamie Stokke
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Tayla M. Olsen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Elihu Estey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marie Bleakley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and
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10
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Vanlallawma A, Zami Z, Pautu JL, Bawihtlung Z, Khenglawt L, Lallawmzuali D, Chhakchhuak L, Senthil Kumar N. Pediatric leukemia could be driven predominantly by non-synonymous variants in mitochondrial complex V in Mizo population from Northeast India. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 31:245-249. [PMID: 32609037 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1786545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy and studies had been carried out with promising revelations in its diagnosis and prognosis. However, majority of the studies are focused on nuclear alterations, while mitochondrial mutations are not well studied. Although there are studies of mitochondrial mutations in the adult leukemias, it does not represent the same for childhood malignancy. This is the first scientific report on the mtDNA mutational pattern of pediatric leukemic cases from a endogamous tribal population in Northeast India. ATP6 involved in the Complex V was found to be more altered with respect to the Non-synonymous variants. mtDNA variations in the non-coding region (D-Loop - g.152 T>C) and in the coding region (MT-ND2, g.4824 A>G, p.T119A) showed a maternal inheritance which could reveal a genetic predisposition with lower penetrance. D-Loop variant (g.152 T>C) could be a diagnostic marker in accordance with previous report but is in contrast to pertaining only in AML - M3 subtype rather was found across in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zothan Zami
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Jeremy L Pautu
- Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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11
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Rashid A, Duan X, Gao F, Yang M, Yen A. Roscovitine enhances All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced leukemia cell differentiation: Novel effects on signaling molecules for a putative Cdk2 inhibitor. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109555. [PMID: 32032659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based differentiation therapy has been unsuccessful in treating t(15;17) negative acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, motivating interest in combination therapies using ATRA plus other agents. Using the t (15, 17) negative HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia model, we find that the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, roscovitine, augments signaling by an ATRA-induced macromolecular signalsome that propels differentiation and enhances ATRA-induced differentiation. Roscovitine co-treatment enhanced ATRA-induced expression of pS259- pS289/296/301- pS621-c-Raf, pS217/221-Mek, Src Family Kinases (SFKs) Lyn and Fgr and SFK Y416 phosphorylation, adaptor proteins c-Cbl and SLP-76, Vav, and acetylated 14-3-3 in the signalsome. Roscovitine enhanced ATRA-induced c-Raf interaction with Lyn, Vav, and c-Cbl. Consistent with signalsome hyper-activation, roscovitine co-treatment enhanced ATRA-induced G1/0 arrest and expression of differentiation markers, CD11b, ROS and p47 Phox. Because roscovitine regulated Lyn expression, activation and partnering, a stably transfected Lyn knockdown was generated from wt-parental cells to investigate its function in ATRA-induced differentiation. Lyn-knockdown enhanced ATRA-induced up-regulation of key signalsome molecules, c-Raf, pS259-c-Raf, pS289/296/301-c-Raf, Vav1, SLP-76, and Fgr, but with essentially total loss of pY416-SFK. Compared to ATRA-treated wt-parental cells, differentiation markers p47 phox, CD11b, G1/G0 arrest and ROS production were enhanced in ATRA-treated Lyn-knockdown stable transfectants, and addition of roscovitine further enhanced these ATRA-inducible markers. The Lyn-knockdown cells expressed slightly higher c-Raf, pS259-c-Raf, pS289/296/301-c-Raf, and SLP-76 than wt-parental cells, and this was associated with enhanced ATRA-induced upregulation of Fgr and cell differentiation, consistent with heightened signaling, suggesting that enhanced Fgr may have compensated for loss of Lyn to enhance differentiation in the Lyn-knockdown cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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12
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Campos-Sanchez E, Vicente-Dueñas C, Rodríguez-Hernández G, Capstick M, Kuster N, Dasenbrock C, Sánchez-García I, Cobaleda C. Novel ETV6-RUNX1 Mouse Model to Study the Role of ELF-MF in Childhood B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a Pilot Study. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:343-353. [PMID: 31157932 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as "possibly carcinogenic to humans," based on limited scientific evidence concerning childhood leukemia. This assessment emphasized the lack of appropriate animal models recapitulating the natural history of this disease. Childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the result of complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and exposure to exogenous agents. The most common chromosomal alteration is the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene, which confers a low risk of developing the malignancy by originating a preleukemic clone requiring secondary hits for full-blown disease to appear. To develop potential prophylactic interventions, we need to identify the environmental triggers of the second hit. Recently, we generated a B-ALL mouse model of the human ETV6-RUNX1+ preleukemic state. Here, we present the results from the ARIMMORA pilot study, obtained by exposing 34 Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mice (vs. 27 unexposed) to a 50 Hz magnetic field of 1.5 mT with both fundamental and harmonic content, with an on/off cycle of 10 min/5 min, for 20 h/day, from conception until 3 months of age. Mice were monitored until 2 years of age and peripheral blood was periodically analyzed by flow cytometry. One of the exposed mice developed B-ALL while none of the non-exposed did. Although the results are statistically non-significant due to the limited number of mice used in this pilot experiment, overall, the results show that the newly developed Sca1-ETV6-RUNX1 mouse can be successfully used for ELF-MF exposure studies about the etiology of childhood B-ALL. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:343-353. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campos-Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Vicente-Dueñas
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Niels Kuster
- IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Dasenbrock
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isidro Sánchez-García
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - César Cobaleda
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Mansell E, Zareian N, Malouf C, Kapeni C, Brown N, Badie C, Baird D, Lane J, Ottersbach K, Blair A, Case CP. DNA damage signalling from the placenta to foetal blood as a potential mechanism for childhood leukaemia initiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4370. [PMID: 30867444 PMCID: PMC6416312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For many diseases with a foetal origin, the cause for the disease initiation remains unknown. Common childhood acute leukaemia is thought to be caused by two hits, the first in utero and the second in childhood in response to infection. The mechanism for the initial DNA damaging event are unknown. Here we have used in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models to show that a placental barrier will respond to agents that are suspected of initiating childhood leukaemia by releasing factors that cause DNA damage in cord blood and bone marrow cells, including stem cells. We show that DNA damage caused by in utero exposure can reappear postnatally after an immune challenge. Furthermore, both foetal and postnatal DNA damage are prevented by prenatal exposure of the placenta to a mitochondrially-targeted antioxidant. We conclude that the placenta might contribute to the first hit towards leukaemia initiation by bystander-like signalling to foetal haematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Mansell
- School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
| | - Nahid Zareian
- School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Camille Malouf
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Brown
- Cancer Mecanisms and Biomarkers, Department of Radiation Effects, Public Health England's Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mecanisms and Biomarkers, Department of Radiation Effects, Public Health England's Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK
| | - Duncan Baird
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jon Lane
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Allison Blair
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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14
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Baba S, Pandith A, Shah Z, Baba R. Pathogenetic implication of fusion genes in acute promyelocytic leukemia and their diagnostic utility. Clin Genet 2018; 95:41-52. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Baba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MedicineSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
| | - A.A. Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human GeneticsSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
| | - Z.A. Shah
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MedicineSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
| | - R.A. Baba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MedicineSher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India
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15
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Pulikkan JA, Castilla LH. Preleukemia and Leukemia-Initiating Cell Activity in inv(16) Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:129. [PMID: 29755956 PMCID: PMC5932169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a collection of hematologic malignancies with specific driver mutations that direct the pathology of the disease. The understanding of the origin and function of these mutations at early stages of transformation is critical to understand the etiology of the disease and for the design of effective therapies. The chromosome inversion inv(16) is thought to arise as a founding mutation in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) to produce preleukemic HSCs (preL-HSCs) with myeloid bias and differentiation block, and predisposed to AML. Studies in mice and human AML cells have established that inv(16) AML follows a clonal evolution model, in which preL-HSCs expressing the fusion protein CBFβ–SMMHC persist asymptomatic in the bone marrow. The emerging leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) are composed by the inv(16) and a heterogeneous set of mutations. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of inv(16) preleukemia development, and the function of CBFβ–SMMHC related to preleukemia progression and LIC activity. We also discuss important open mechanistic questions in the etiology of inv(16) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anto Pulikkan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lucio Hernán Castilla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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16
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Draper JE, Sroczynska P, Fadlullah MZH, Patel R, Newton G, Breitwieser W, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. A novel prospective isolation of murine fetal liver progenitors to study in utero hematopoietic defects. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007127. [PMID: 29300724 PMCID: PMC5754050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, highly detailed characterization of adult bone marrow (BM) myeloid progenitors has been achieved and, as a result, the impact of somatic defects on different hematopoietic lineage fate decisions can be precisely determined. Fetal liver (FL) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are poorly characterized in comparison, potentially hindering the study of the impact of genetic alterations on midgestation hematopoiesis. Numerous disorders, for example infant acute leukemias, have in utero origins and their study would therefore benefit from the ability to isolate highly purified progenitor subsets. We previously demonstrated that a Runx1 distal promoter (P1)-GFP::proximal promoter (P2)-hCD4 dual-reporter mouse (Mus musculus) model can be used to identify adult BM progenitor subsets with distinct lineage preferences. In this study, we undertook the characterization of the expression of Runx1-P1-GFP and P2-hCD4 in FL. Expression of P2-hCD4 in the FL immunophenotypic Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitor (MEP) and Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP) compartments corresponded to increased granulocytic/monocytic/megakaryocytic and decreased erythroid specification. Moreover, Runx1-P2-hCD4 expression correlated with several endogenous cell surface markers' expression, including CD31 and CD45, providing a new strategy for prospective identification of highly purified fetal myeloid progenitors in transgenic mouse models. We utilized this methodology to compare the impact of the deletion of either total RUNX1 or RUNX1C alone and to determine the fetal HPCs lineages most substantially affected. This new prospective identification of FL progenitors therefore raises the prospect of identifying the underlying gene networks responsible with greater precision than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Draper
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Sroczynska
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Z. H. Fadlullah
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rahima Patel
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Newton
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Breitwieser
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Santiago F, Lima S, Pinheiro T, Silvestre RT, Otero UB, Tabalipa MM, Kosyakova N, Ornellas MH, Liehr T, Alves G. Benzene poisoning, clinical and blood abnormalities in two Brazilian female gas station attendants: two case reports. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:52. [PMID: 28100263 PMCID: PMC5241924 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazilian gas station workers are chronically exposed to benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX) during their working time. Describe below two cases of latin female gas station workers with benzene poisoning symptoms and miscarriage history. CASE PRESENTATION In both cases were identified complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) with fluorescence in situ hybridization, applied to whole chromosome paints by chromosomes 1, 2 and 4. The lower natural killer cell (NK) cells have also been observed in cases correspondents, especially the rare type of NK (NKbright) in their peripheral blood cells. CONCLUSIONS It is known that acquired chromosomal aberrations are positively correlated with cancer and reproductive risk. In concordance, lower NK cytotoxicity increases the risk for cancer, as well. Thus, this is the first study providing hints on a possible causative relation of lower NK cytotoxicity and increase rates of chromosomal rearrangements including CCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Santiago
- Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas (PGCM), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Lima
- Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tayná Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaele Tavares Silvestre
- Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas (PGCM), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ubirani Barros Otero
- Unidade Técnica de Exposição Ocupacional, Ambiental e Câncer, Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marianne Medeiros Tabalipa
- Unidade Técnica de Exposição Ocupacional, Ambiental e Câncer, Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nadezda Kosyakova
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Helena Ornellas
- Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas (PGCM), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Departamento de Patologia Geral, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Professor Manuel de Abreu 444, 4° andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gilda Alves
- Laboratório de Marcadores Circulantes, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas (PGCM), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Molecular Basis and Targeted Inhibition of CBFβ-SMMHC Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:229-244. [PMID: 28299661 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by recurrent chromosomal rearrangements that encode for fusion proteins which drive leukemia initiation and maintenance. The inv(16) (p13q22) rearrangement is a founding mutation and the associated CBFβ-SMMHC fusion protein is essential for the survival of inv(16) AML cells. This Chapter will discuss our understanding of the function of this fusion protein in disrupting hematopoietic homeostasis and creating pre-leukemic blasts, in its cooperation with other co-occurring mutations during leukemia initiation, and in leukemia maintenance. In addition, this chapter will discuss the current approaches used for the treatment of inv(16) AML and the recent development of AI-10-49, a selective targeted inhibitor of CBFβ-SMMHC/RUNX1 binding, the first candidate targeted therapy for inv(16) AML.
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19
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Whitehead TP, Metayer C, Wiemels JL, Singer AW, Miller MD. Childhood Leukemia and Primary Prevention. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2016; 46:317-352. [PMID: 27968954 PMCID: PMC5161115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is the most common pediatric cancer, affecting 3800 children per year in the United States. Its annual incidence has increased over the last decades, especially among Latinos. Although most children diagnosed with leukemia are now cured, many suffer long-term complications, and primary prevention efforts are urgently needed. The early onset of leukemia-usually before 5 years of age-and the presence at birth of "pre-leukemic" genetic signatures indicate that pre- and postnatal events are critical to the development of the disease. In contrast to most pediatric cancers, there is a growing body of literature-in the United States and internationally-that has implicated several environmental, infectious, and dietary risk factors in the etiology of childhood leukemia, mainly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common subtype. For example, exposures to pesticides, tobacco smoke, solvents, and traffic emissions have consistently demonstrated positive associations with the risk of developing childhood leukemia. In contrast, intake of vitamins and folate supplementation during the preconception period or pregnancy, breastfeeding, and exposure to routine childhood infections have been shown to reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. Some children may be especially vulnerable to these risk factors, as demonstrated by a disproportionate burden of childhood leukemia in the Latino population of California. The evidence supporting the associations between childhood leukemia and its risk factors-including pooled analyses from around the world and systematic reviews-is strong; however, the dissemination of this knowledge to clinicians has been limited. To protect children's health, it is prudent to initiate programs designed to alter exposure to well-established leukemia risk factors rather than to suspend judgment until no uncertainty remains. Primary prevention programs for childhood leukemia would also result in the significant co-benefits of reductions in other adverse health outcomes that are common in children, such as detriments to neurocognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Whitehead
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
| | - Catherine Metayer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Amanda W Singer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Mark D Miller
- Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA; Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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20
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Creutzig U, Zimmermann M, Reinhardt D, Rasche M, von Neuhoff C, Alpermann T, Dworzak M, Perglerová K, Zemanova Z, Tchinda J, Bradtke J, Thiede C, Haferlach C. Changes in cytogenetics and molecular genetics in acute myeloid leukemia from childhood to adult age groups. Cancer 2016; 122:3821-3830. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Creutzig
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Mareike Rasche
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Christine von Neuhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | | | - Michael Dworzak
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital and Children's Cancer Research Institute; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Joelle Tchinda
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jutta Bradtke
- Institute for Pathology; University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg; Giessen Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital; Technical University; Dresden Germany
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21
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Patiroglu T, Akar HH. Relationships of Human Leukocyte Antigen-A, -B, -DRB1 Alleles, and Haplotypes in 129 Ethnic Turkish Patients With Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia. Lab Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1309/lml8dsrktfuo27rm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
Birth characteristics such as birth order, birth weight, birth defects, and Down syndrome showed some of the first risk associations with childhood leukemia. Examinations of correlations between birth characteristics and leukemia risk markers have been limited to birth weight-related genetic polymorphisms. We integrated information on nongenetic and genetic markers by evaluating the relationship of birth characteristics, genetic markers for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) susceptibility, and ALL risk together. The multiethnic study consisted of cases with childhood ALL (n=161) and healthy controls (n=261). Birth characteristic data were collected through questionnaires, and genotyping was achieved by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. We observed risk associations for birth weight over 4000 g (odds ratios [OR]=1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-3.19), birth length (OR=1.18 per inch; 95% CI, 1.01-1.38), and with gestational age (OR=1.10 per week; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21). Only the HFE tag single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9366637 showed an inverse correlation with a birth characteristic, gestational age, with a gene-dosage effect (P=0.005), and in interaction with a transferrin receptor rs3817672 genotype (Pinteraction=0.05). This correlation translated into a strong association for rs9366637 with preterm birth (OR=5.0; 95% CI, 1.19-20.9). Our study provides evidence for the involvement of prenatal events in the development of childhood ALL. The inverse correlation of rs9366637 with gestational age has implications on the design of HFE association studies in birth weight and childhood conditions using full-term newborns as controls.
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23
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Zhang L, Samad A, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Scelo G, Smith MT, Feusner J, Wiemels JL, Metayer C. Global characteristics of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood Rev 2015; 29:101-25. [PMID: 25445717 PMCID: PMC4379131 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) comprises approximately 5-10% of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases in the US. While variation in this percentage among other populations was noted previously, global patterns of childhood APL have not been thoroughly characterized. In this comprehensive review of childhood APL, we examined its geographic pattern and the potential contribution of environmental factors to observed variation. In 142 studies (spanning >60 countries) identified, variation was apparent-de novo APL represented from 2% (Switzerland) to >50% (Nicaragua) of childhood AML in different geographic regions. Because a limited number of previous studies addressed specific environmental exposures that potentially underlie childhood APL development, we gathered 28 childhood cases of therapy-related APL, which exemplified associations between prior exposures to chemotherapeutic drugs/radiation and APL diagnosis. Future population-based studies examining childhood APL patterns and the potential association with specific environmental exposures and other risk factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - A Samad
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - M S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center-National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - G Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
| | - M T Smith
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - J Feusner
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, USA.
| | - J L Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - C Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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24
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Bailey HD, Fritschi L, Infante-Rivard C, Glass DC, Miligi L, Dockerty JD, Lightfoot T, Clavel J, Roman E, Spector LG, Kaatsch P, Metayer C, Magnani C, Milne E, Polychronopoulou S, Simpson J, Rudant J, Sidi V, Rondelli R, Orsi L, Kang AY, Petridou E, Schüz J. Parental occupational pesticide exposure and the risk of childhood leukemia in the offspring: findings from the childhood leukemia international consortium. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2157-72. [PMID: 24700406 PMCID: PMC4845098 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal occupational pesticide exposure during pregnancy and/or paternal occupational pesticide exposure around conception have been suggested to increase risk of leukemia in the offspring. With a view to providing insight in this area we pooled individual level data from 13 case-control studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC). Occupational data were harmonized to a compatible format. Pooled individual analyses were undertaken using unconditional logistic regression. Using exposure data from mothers of 8,236 cases, and 14,850 controls, and from fathers of 8,169 cases and 14,201 controls the odds ratio (OR) for maternal exposure during pregnancy and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78, 1.30] and for paternal exposure around conception 1.20 (95% 1.06, 1.38). For acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the OR for maternal exposure during pregnancy was 1.94 (CI 1.19, 3.18) and for paternal exposure around conception 0.91 (CI 0.66, 1.24.) based on data from 1,329 case and 12,141 control mothers, and 1,231 case and 11,383 control fathers. Our finding of a significantly increased risk of AML in the offspring with maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy is consistent with previous reports. We also found a slight increase in risk of ALL with paternal exposure around conception which appeared to be more evident in children diagnosed at the age of 5 years or more and those with T cell ALL which raises interesting questions on possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen D Bailey
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France
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25
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Bailey HD, Fritschi L, Metayer C, Infante-Rivard C, Magnani C, Petridou E, Roman E, Spector LG, Kaatsch P, Clavel J, Milne E, Dockerty JD, Glass DC, Lightfoot T, Miligi L, Rudant J, Baka M, Rondelli R, Amigou A, Simpson J, Kang AY, Moschovi M, Schüz J. Parental occupational paint exposure and risk of childhood leukemia in the offspring: findings from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1351-67. [PMID: 25088805 PMCID: PMC4845093 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that parental occupational paint exposure around the time of conception or pregnancy increases the risk of childhood leukemia in the offspring. METHODS We obtained individual level data from 13 case-control studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. Occupational data were harmonized to a compatible format. Meta-analyses of study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were undertaken, as well as pooled analyses of individual data using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Using individual data from fathers of 8,185 cases and 14,210 controls, the pooled OR for paternal exposure around conception and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76, 1.14]. Analysis of data from 8,156 ALL case mothers and 14,568 control mothers produced a pooled OR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.39, 1.68) for exposure during pregnancy. For acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the pooled ORs for paternal and maternal exposure were 0.96 (95% CI 0.65, 1.41) and 1.31 (95% CI 0.38, 4.47), respectively, based on data from 1,231 case and 11,392 control fathers and 1,329 case and 12,141 control mothers. Heterogeneity among the individual studies ranged from low to modest. CONCLUSIONS Null findings for paternal exposure for both ALL and AML are consistent with previous reports. Despite the large sample size, results for maternal exposure to paints in pregnancy were based on small numbers of exposed. Overall, we found no evidence that parental occupational exposure to paints increases the risk of leukemia in the offspring, but further data on home exposure are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen D Bailey
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France,
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26
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Treatment of paediatric APL: how does the therapeutic approach differ from adults? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 27:69-78. [PMID: 24907019 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) in children and adolescents shares many features with APL in adults. There are important distinctions, however, between these age groups in the presentation, complications and treatment outcomes. Paediatric patients are more likely to present with high risk features including elevated WBC count or microgranular variant (M3v). Yet the early death rate is lower in paediatric patients compared to adult patients. Overall outcomes such as CR, OS and EFS appear similar in paediatric and adult patients treated on similar regimens except that very young children may have a higher risk of relapse. While contemporary studies have clearly demonstrated improved survival in adults receiving ATO therapy, currently there is more limited data on the role of ATO in paediatric patients. Here we highlight the similarities and important distinctions between paediatric and adult APL while reviewing available data on treatment of paediatric APL.
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27
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Santiago F, Alves G, Otero UB, Tabalipa MM, Scherrer LR, Kosyakova N, Ornellas MH, Liehr T. Monitoring of gas station attendants exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX) using three-color chromosome painting. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:15. [PMID: 24576355 PMCID: PMC3974043 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) may lead to progressive degeneration of bone marrow, aplastic anemia and/or leukemia. In Brazil there is no self-service fuel in gas stations and attendants fill the fuel themselves. Due to this they are chronically exposed to high concentration of BTX. Occupational exposure to benzene has been associated with increased chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome painting (wcp) probes allows the rapid detection of chromosomal aberration. In the present study three-color wcp probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were used for monitoring 60 gas station attendants. RESULTS Blood tests were done and interviews were conducted for each worker. For searching for possible associations between the clinical characteristics and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations the workers were divided into two groups (≤ 10 chromosomal abnormalities per 1,000 metaphases and > 10 chromosomal abnormalities per 1,000 metaphases).The studied workers had a low median age (36 year), albeit long period of BTX exposure (median was 16 years). Low prevalence of smoking and moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages were found in this population. The cytogenetic analysis showed 16.6% (10/60) of workers with a high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities (>10 chromosomal abnormalities per 1,000 metaphases). Translocations were the most frequently observed chromosome aberration. The statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences in skin color (p = 0.002) and a weak significant differences in gender (p = 0.052) distribution between the two groups. CONCLUSION 16.6% of the studied population showed elevated frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities, which is highly likely to be correlated with their exposure to BTX during their work. Therefore, further studies are needed for better characterize the work associated damage of the genome in gas station workers. It is necessary to better understand the risks that these workers are exposed, so that we can be effective in preventing diseases and maintaining the health of these workers and possibly the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilda Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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28
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Puumala SE, Ross JA, Aplenc R, Spector LG. Epidemiology of childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:728-33. [PMID: 23303597 PMCID: PMC3664189 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although leukemia is the most common childhood cancer diagnosis, the subtype, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is less common and fewer etiologic studies exist. This review summarizes the major risk factors for AML. We searched the literature using PubMed for articles on childhood AML and reviewed 180 articles. While few risk factors are definitive, we identified several with consistent evidence of a possible effect. Thorough analysis of genetic and epigenetic factors is missing from this literature and methodological issues are unresolved. Future studies should more closely examine causal mechanisms, improve exposure measurement, and include analysis using genetic and epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Puumala
- Center for Health Outcomes and Prevention Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Julie A. Ross
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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29
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Zheng R, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Yang L, Zhang Z, Huang F. Occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol causing lymphoma and hematopoietic malignancy for two generations. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:328-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712472520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is characterized as likely carcinogen of lymphoma and hematopoietic neoplasm. But the carcinogenicity to human was uncertain based on population studies. A systematic review was conducted to explore two kinds of associations, one was between the workers exposed to PCP with lymphoma and hematopoietic neoplasm, the other was between childhood lymphoma and leukemia with their parents exposed to PCP. Methods: Systematic search for epidemiologic studies was carried out and the data were collected from MEDLINE database and from the reference lists of relevant studies. Data were extracted from 20 included studies published between 1986 and 2012. Results: The meta-analysis suggested a significant association between lymphoma and workers’ occupational exposing to PCP, for the pooled odds ratio = 2.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.52–4.35). The subgroup analysis indicated significant association for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but not for Hodgkin’s disease. The cohort studies also showed comparatively higher relative risk (RR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Two of the cohort studies found increased RR as the cumulative exposure time added. Another cohort study discovered that the white males had significantly elevated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma mortality (SMR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.15–3.17), and males of other races had increased leukemia mortality (SMR = 4.57, 95% CI = 1.25–11.7). For the relationship of childhood leukemia and parental exposure to PCP, three published studies suggested an increased risk of childhood leukemia because of their parental exposure to PCP at the preconception period. Conclusion: Our review provided the evidence that occupational exposure of workers to PCP might increase the risk of lymphoma and hematopoietic neoplasm in themselves and in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Contributed equally
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Contributed equally
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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30
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Wiemels J. Perspectives on the causes of childhood leukemia. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 196:59-67. [PMID: 22326931 PMCID: PMC3839796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is the most common cancer in children but the causes of the disease in the majority of cases are not known. About 80% are precursor-B cell in origin (CD19+, CD10+), and this immunophenotype has increased in incidence over the past several decades in the Western world. Part of this increase may be due to the introduction of new chemical exposures into the child's environment including parental smoking, pesticides, traffic fumes, paint and household chemicals. However, much of the increase in leukemia rates is likely linked to altered patterns of infection during early childhood development, mirroring causal pathways responsible for a similarly increased incidence of other childhood-diagnosed immune-related illnesses including allergy, asthma, and type 1 diabetes. Factors linked to childhood leukemia that are likely surrogates for immune stimulation include exposure to childcare settings, parity status and birth order, vaccination history, and population mixing. In case-control studies, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is consistently inversely associated with greater exposure to infections, via daycare and later birth order. New evidence suggests also that children who contract leukemia may harbor a congenital defect in immune responder status, as indicated by lower levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 at birth in children who grow up to contract leukemia, as well as higher need for clinical care for infections within the first year of life despite having lower levels of exposure to infections. One manifestation of this phenomenon may be leukemia clusters which tend to appear as a leukemia "outbreak" among populations with low herd immunity to a new infection. Critical answers to the etiology of childhood leukemia will require incorporating new tools into traditional epidemiologic approaches - including the classification of leukemia at a molecular scale, better exposure assessments at all points in a child's life, a comprehensive understanding of genetic risk factors, and an appraisal of the interplay between infectious exposures and the status of immune response in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Research Building, 1450 3rd Street, HD274, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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31
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Vasconcelos GM, Christensen BC, Houseman EA, Xiao J, Marsit CJ, Wiencke JK, Zheng S, Karagas MR, Nelson HH, Wrensch MR, Kelsey KT, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Wiemels JL. History of Parvovirus B19 infection is associated with a DNA methylation signature in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenetics 2012; 6:1436-43. [PMID: 22139573 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.12.18464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) likely has a multistep etiology, with initial genetic aberrations occurring early in life. An abnormal immune response to common infections has emerged as a plausible candidate for triggering the proliferation of pre-leukemic clones and the fixation of secondary genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations. We investigated whether evidence of infection with a specific common myelotropic childhood virus, parvovirus B19 (PVB19), relates to patterns of gene promoter DNA methylation in ALL patients. We serologically tested bone marrow samples at diagnosis of B-cell ALL for PVB19 infection and DNA methylation using a high-throughput bead array and found that 4.2% and 36.7% of samples were seroreactive to PVB19 IgM and IgG, respectively. Leukemia samples were grouped by DNA methylation pattern. Controlling for age and immunophenotype, unsupervised modeling confirmed that the DNA methylation pattern was associated with history of PVB19 (assessed by IgG, p = 0.02), but not recent infection (assessed by IgM). Replication assays on single genes were consistent with the association. The data indicate that a common viral illness may drive specific DNA methylation patterns in susceptible B-precursor cells, contributing to the leukemogenic potential of such cells. Infections may impact childhood leukemia by altering DNA methylation patterns and specific key genes in susceptible cells; these changes may be retained even after the clearance of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele M Vasconcelos
- Programa de Hematologia e Oncologia Pediátricas, Centro de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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32
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Sherborne AL, Hemminki K, Kumar R, Bartram CR, Stanulla M, Schrappe M, Petridou E, Semsei AF, Szalai C, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M, Healy J, Lanciotti M, Dufour C, Indaco S, El-Ghouroury EA, Sawangpanich R, Hongeng S, Pakakasama S, Gonzalez-Neira A, Ugarte EL, Leal VP, Espinoza JPM, Kamel AM, Ebid GTA, Radwan ER, Yalin S, Yalin E, Berkoz M, Simpson J, Roman E, Lightfoot T, Hosking FJ, Vijayakrishnan J, Greaves M, Houlston RS. Rationale for an international consortium to study inherited genetic susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2011; 96:1049-54. [PMID: 21459794 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the major pediatric cancer in developed countries. To date most association studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been based on the candidate gene approach and have evaluated a restricted number of polymorphisms. Such studies have served to highlight difficulties in conducting statistically and methodologically rigorous investigations into acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk. Recent genome-wide association studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia have provided robust evidence that common variation at four genetic loci confers a modest increase in risk. The accumulated experience to date and relative lack of success of initial efforts to identify novel acute lymphoblastic leukemia predisposition loci emphasize the need for alternative study designs and methods. The International Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Genetics Consortium includes 12 research groups in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and the Americas engaged in studying the genetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The initial goal of this consortium is to identify and characterize low-penetrance susceptibility variants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia through association-based analyses. Efforts to develop genome-wide association studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in terms of both sample size and single nucleotide polymorphism coverage, and to increase the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms taken forward to large-scale replication should lead to the identification of additional novel risk variants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ethnic differences in the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are well recognized and thus in assessing the interplay between inherited and non-genetic risk factors, analyses using different population cohorts with different incidence rates are likely to be highly informative. Given that the frequency of many acute lymphoblastic leukemia subgroups is small, identifying differential effects will realistically only be possible through multi-center pooled analyses. Here, we review the rationale for identifying genetic risk variants for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and our proposed strategy for establishing the International Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Genetics Consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Sherborne
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Driessen EMC, van der Velden VHJ, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Beishuizen A. Long-term survival after significant treatment reduction in a patient with CBF-AML. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 56:325-6. [PMID: 21157900 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous chemical in our environment that causes acute leukemia and probably other hematological cancers. Evidence for an association with childhood leukemia is growing. Exposure to benzene can lead to multiple alterations that contribute to the leukemogenic process, indicating a multimodal mechanism of action. Research is needed to elucidate the different roles of multiple metabolites in benzene toxicity and the pathways that lead to their formation. Studies to date have identified a number of polymorphisms in candidate genes that confer susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. However, a genome-wide study is needed to truly assess the role of genetic variation in susceptibility. Benzene affects the blood-forming system at low levels of occupational exposure, and there is no evidence of a threshold. There is probably no safe level of exposure to benzene, and all exposures constitute some risk in a linear, if not supralinear, and additive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T Smith
- Superfund Research Program, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7356, USA.
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35
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36
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Buffler PA, Kwan ML, Reynolds P, Urayama KY. Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia: Appraising the Evidence. Cancer Invest 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/cnv-46402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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37
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Abstract
Many of the acquired genetic changes that contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of leukemia are well characterized. The relative simplicity of the tumor genetics of the common subtypes of leukemia and the availability of archived material in the form of archived neonatal blood spots (ANB or Guthrie cards) has permitted the tracing of many genetic events to fetal origins using sensitive amplification methods. We here described methods for cloning translocations and other rearrangements for "backtracking" studies, and methods for sensitive detection of such rearrangements and a point mutation in ANB cards.
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Engel ME, Hiebert SW. Proleukemic RUNX1 and CBFbeta mutations in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 145:127-47. [PMID: 20306249 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69259-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of non-random mutations in critical regulators of cell growth and differentiation is a recurring theme in cancer pathogenesis and provides the basis for our modern, molecular approach to the study and treatment of malignant diseases. Nowhere is this more true than in the study of leukemogenesis, where research has converged upon a critical group of genes involved in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and fate specification. Prominent among these is the heterodimeric transcriptional regulator, RUNX1/CBFbeta. RUNX1 is a site-specific DNA-binding protein whose consensus response element is found in the promoters of many hematopoietically relevant genes. CBFbeta interacts with RUNX1, stabilizing its interaction with DNA to promote the actions of RUNX1/CBFbeta in transcriptional control. Both the RUNX1 and the CBFbeta genes participate in proleukemic chromosomal alterations. Together they contribute to approximately one-third of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and one-quarter of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases, making RUNX1 and CBFbeta the most frequently affected genes known in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. Investigating the mechanisms by which RUNX1, CBFbeta, and their proleukemic fusion proteins influence leukemogenesis has contributed greatly to our understanding of both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here we present an overview of the structural features of RUNX1/CBFbeta and their derivatives, their roles in transcriptional control, and their contributions to normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Engel
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
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39
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Wiemels JL, Hofmann J, Kang M, Selzer R, Green R, Zhou M, Zhong S, Zhang L, Smith MT, Marsit C, Loh M, Buffler P, Yeh RF. Chromosome 12p deletions in TEL-AML1 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are associated with retrotransposon elements and occur postnatally. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9935-44. [PMID: 19047175 PMCID: PMC2597307 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1) is the most common translocation in the childhood leukemias, and is a prenatal mutation in most children. This translocation has been detected at a high rate among newborns ( approximately 1%); therefore, the rate-limiting event for leukemia seems to be secondary mutations. One such frequent mutation in this subtype is partial deletion of chromosome 12p, trans from the translocation. Nine del(12p) breakpoints within six leukemia cases were sequenced to explore the etiology of this genetic event, and most involved cryptic sterile translocations. Twelve of 18 del(12p) parent sequences involved in these breakpoints were located in repeat regions (8 of these in long interspersed nuclear elements). This stands in contrast with TEL-AML1, in which only 21 of 110 previously assessed breakpoints (19%) occur in DNA repeats (P=0.0001). An exploratory assessment of archived neonatal blood cards revealed significantly more long interspersed nuclear element CpG methylations in individuals at birth who were later diagnosed with TEL-AML1 leukemia, compared with individuals who did not contract leukemia (P=0.01). Nontemplate nucleotides were also more frequent in del(12p) than in TEL-AML1 junctions (P=0.004), suggesting formation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Assessment of six archived neonatal blood cards indicated that no del(12p) rearrangements backtracked to birth, although two of these patients were previously positive for TEL-AML1 using the same assay with comparable sensitivity. These data are compatible with a two-stage natural history: TEL-AML1 occurs prenatally, and del(12p) occurs postnatally in more mature cells with a structure that suggests the involvement of retrotransposon instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wiemels
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 941143-0441, USA.
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40
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Tower RL, Spector LG. The Epidemiology of Childhood Leukemia with a Focus on Birth Weight and Diet. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008; 44:203-42. [PMID: 17453918 DOI: 10.1080/10408360601147536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and a major source of morbidity and mortality. The etiology of childhood leukemia remains largely unknown. Cytogenetic abnormalities determine disease subtypes, prognosis, clinical presentation, and course and may help in discovering etiological factors. Epidemiologic investigations of leukemia are complicated by many factors, including the rarity of the disease, necessitating careful study design. Two emerging areas of interest in leukemia etiology are birth weight and diet. High birth weight has been associated with increased risk of childhood leukemia. The biological mechanism behind this association may involve insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which is associated with high birth weight. IGF-I may act by increasing the absolute number of stem cells available for transformation, stimulating the growth of cells that are already transformed, or a combination of effects. Diet has been linked with leukemia. Maternal dietary DNA topoisomerase II (DNAt2) inhibitor intake is associated with infant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with the MLL gene translocation. Increased intake of fruits and vegetables has been associated with decreased leukemia risk and, relatedly, lack of maternal folate supplementation has been associated with increased childhood leukemia risk, possibly by causing DNA hypomethylation and increased DNA strand breaks. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms modify this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Tower
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Wiemels J. Chromosomal translocations in childhood leukemia: natural history, mechanisms, and epidemiology. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2008:87-90. [PMID: 18648011 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgn006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The root causes of childhood leukemia will be discovered by understanding the mechanism of mutations in the context of the cell of origin and time in life of the child. Molecular studies using archival DNA samples and twins with concordant leukemia have demonstrated that most childhood leukemia translocation subtypes occur before to birth and occur in early progenitors. Translocation breakpoints typically harbor evidence of nonhomologous end-joining repair mechanisms, but in only a few examples are the causative mechanisms of breakage evident, such as V(D)J recombinase gene activation. Epidemiologic differences in the rates of translocations between populations may point to causal clues. Leukemia like all cancers is the product of two or more genetic and/or epigenetic events, and the natural history and mechanisms of these two events are likely independent, resulting in two or more "causes" of leukemia. Complementary mutations include point mutations, deletions, and epimutations, which have distinct associated causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0441, USA.
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42
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Gatekeeper function of the RUNX1 transcription factor in acute leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 40:211-8. [PMID: 17920312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX1 gene encodes the alpha subunit of the core binding factor (CBF) and is a common target of genetic mutations in acute leukemia. We propose that RUNX1 is a gatekeeper gene, the disruption of which leads to the exodus of a subset of hematopoietic progenitors with increased self-renewal potential from the normal environmental controls of homeostasis. This pool of "escaped" cells is the target of secondary mutations, accumulating over time to induce the aggressive manifestation of acute leukemia. Evidence from patient and animal studies supports the concept that RUNX1 mutations are the initiating event in different leukemia subtypes, but also suggests that diverse mechanisms are used to subvert RUNX1 function. One common result is the inhibition of differentiation-but its effect impinges on different lineages and stages of differentiation, depending on the mutation or fusion partner. A number of different approaches have led to the identification of secondary events that lead to the overt acute phase; however, the majority is unknown. Finally, the concept of the "leukemia stem cell" and its therapeutic importance is discussed in light of the RUNX1 gatekeeper function.
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Haferlach T, Bacher U, Haferlach C, Kern W, Schnittger S. Insight into the molecular pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies. Curr Opin Hematol 2007; 14:90-7. [PMID: 17255785 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e3280168490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular mutations play an increasing role for classification, prognostication, and therapeutic strategies in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Due to the rapid expansion of known molecular markers, this paper aims to outline some of the recent progress to improve understanding of the pathogenesis in these myeloid malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS Novel concepts conceive myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia as endpoints of a continuous process of leukemogenesis, which is characterized by the interaction of mutations interfering with transcription and differentiation with activating mutations enhancing proliferation. The detection of novel molecular mutations such as NPM1 widened the spectrum of molecular markers in acute myeloid leukemia. Finally, attention focusses on detailed subtyping of already known molecular markers. SUMMARY The fast progress in the molecular characterization of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in recent years provides the basis for an optimization of therapeutic concepts. The introduction of new methods such as gene expression profiling catalyzes this process.
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44
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Emerenciano M, Agudelo Arias DP, Coser VM, de Brito GD, Macedo Silva ML, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. Molecular cytogenetic findings of acute leukemia included in the Brazilian Collaborative Study Group of Infant acute leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:549-54. [PMID: 16261608 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome abnormalities often occur prenatally in childhood leukemia, characterizing an early event in leukemogenesis. The majority of the abnormalities occurring in infants involve the MLL gene on chromosome band 11q23. We describe the molecular cytogenetic findings of 207 infant acute leukemia (IAL) cases included in the Brazilian Collaborative Study Group of Infant acute leukemia. PROCEDURE The diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was made according to morphology and immunophenotyping classification, followed by conventional karyotyping. Samples were then screened using RT-PCR for the presence of specific chromosome translocations. FISH assay for MLL rearrangements was performed only in cases with negative or inconclusive cytogenetic or PCR results. RESULTS The characteristics of children with IAL were as follows: 115 boys and 92 girls, age range 0-23 months, mean age 12 months, 145 ALL, and 62 AML. A statistically significant association was observed between pro-B ALL cases and MLL+ve (P=0.0001) cases and the age group 0-3 months with MLL+ve (P=0.008) cases. Two rare cases of pro-T ALL with MLL+ve were found. Other than MLL rearrangements, various other molecular aberrations were detected including TEL/AML1+ve (n=9), E2A/PBX1+ve (n=4), PML/RARA+ve (n=4), and AML1/ETO+ve (n=2). Cytogenetic analysis revealed hyperdiploidy (n=6), del(7) in two cases and del(11)(q23) in seven cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that not only MLL rearrangements, but also other molecular abnormalities occur before birth and may contribute to leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Emerenciano
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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45
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Burjanivova T, Madzo J, Muzikova K, Meyer C, Schneider B, Votava F, Marschalek R, Stary J, Trka J, Zuna J. Prenatal origin of childhood AML occurs less frequently than in childhood ALL. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:100. [PMID: 16630339 PMCID: PMC1463004 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there is enough convincing evidence in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the data on the pre-natal origin in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are less comprehensive. Our study aimed to screen Guthrie cards (neonatal blood spots) of non-infant childhood AML and ALL patients for the presence of their respective leukemic markers. Methods We analysed Guthrie cards of 12 ALL patients aged 2–6 years using immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements (n = 15) and/or intronic breakpoints of TEL/AML1 fusion gene (n = 3). In AML patients (n = 13, age 1–14 years) PML/RARalpha (n = 4), CBFbeta/MYH11 (n = 3), AML1/ETO (n = 2), MLL/AF6 (n = 1), MLL/AF9 (n = 1) and MLL/AF10 (n = 1) fusion genes and/or internal tandem duplication of FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD) (n = 2) were used as clonotypic markers. Assay sensitivity determined using serial dilutions of patient DNA into the DNA of a healthy donor allowed us to detect the pre-leukemic clone in Guthrie card providing 1–3 positive cells were present in the neonatal blood spot. Results In 3 patients with ALL (25%) we reproducibly detected their leukemic markers (Ig/TCR n = 2; TEL/AML1 n = 1) in the Guthrie card. We did not find patient-specific molecular markers in any patient with AML. Conclusion In the largest cohort examined so far we used identical approach for the backtracking of non-infant childhood ALL and AML. Our data suggest that either the prenatal origin of AML is less frequent or the load of pre-leukemic cells is significantly lower at birth in AML compared to ALL cases.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Bone Marrow Cells/chemistry
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Clone Cells/chemistry
- Cohort Studies
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/blood
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/blood
- Female
- Fetal Blood/chemistry
- Gene Duplication
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukemia, Myeloid/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid/embryology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/blood
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neonatal Screening
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/blood
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/embryology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Tandem Repeat Sequences
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/blood
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Burjanivova
- CLIP – Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University Prague, 2nd Medical School, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Madzo
- CLIP – Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University Prague, 2nd Medical School, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Muzikova
- CLIP – Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University Prague, 2nd Medical School, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Meyer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/DCAL, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Bjoern Schneider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/DCAL, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Felix Votava
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University Prague, 3rd Medical School, Czech Republic
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology/DCAL, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University Prague, 2nd Medical School, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP – Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University Prague, 2nd Medical School, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zuna
- CLIP – Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University Prague, 2nd Medical School, Czech Republic
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46
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Ribeiro RC, Rego E. Management of APL in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Challenges and Opportunities for International Collaboration. Hematology 2006:162-8. [PMID: 17124056 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2006.1.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a relatively rare hematologic malignancy, is highly curable with current treatment strategies. However, these strategies may be unavailable in countries with limited resources. A review of records in several Latin American countries revealed that approximately 30% of deaths among children and adults with APL were caused by early complications associated with the disease or its treatment. Further, APL accounts for 20% to 25% of cases of AML in these countries, consistent with the previous observation of increased incidence of APL in Latin Americans. The lack of population-based registries in developing countries has made it difficult to determine the real incidence of APL. Moreover, APL appears to have other unique epidemiologic characteristics, including association of primary APL with an increased body mass index at diagnosis and association of secondary APL with breast cancer. To facilitate the development of local capacity and implement effective treatment of APL in developing countries, the International Committee of the American Society of Hematology has assembled a working group to formulate treatment guidelines based on evidence from clinical trials results in the developed world but adapted to local resources. It is hoped that uniform treatment, careful documentation of specific outcome data, and ongoing monitoring of treatment efficacy and toxicity will improve the cure rate and provide biologic and epidemiologic information about APL in developing countries. This initial demonstration project may be joined by other countries, providing a framework for additional clinical investigation in this highly curable form of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul C Ribeiro
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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47
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Kuo YH, Landrette SF, Heilman SA, Perrat PN, Garrett L, Liu PP, Le Beau MM, Kogan SC, Castilla LH. Cbf beta-SMMHC induces distinct abnormal myeloid progenitors able to develop acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2006; 9:57-68. [PMID: 16413472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-associated CBF beta-SMMHC fusion protein impairs hematopoietic differentiation and predisposes to leukemic transformation. The mechanism of leukemia progression, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we report a conditional Cbfb-MYH11 knockin mouse model that develops AML with a median latency of 5 months. Cbf beta-SMMHC expression reduced the multilineage repopulation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) while maintaining their numbers under competitive conditions. The fusion protein induced abnormal myeloid progenitors (AMPs) with limited proliferative potential but leukemic predisposition similar to that of HSCs in transplanted mice. In addition, Cbf beta-SMMHC blocked megakaryocytic maturation at the CFU-Meg to megakaryocyte transition. These data show that a leukemia oncoprotein can inhibit differentiation and proliferation while not affecting the maintenance of long-term HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huei Kuo
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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48
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Aplan PD. Causes of oncogenic chromosomal translocation. Trends Genet 2005; 22:46-55. [PMID: 16257470 PMCID: PMC1762911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-random chromosomal translocations are frequently associated with a variety of cancers, particularly hematologic malignancies and childhood sarcomas. In addition to their diagnostic utility, chromosomal translocations are increasingly being used in the clinic to guide therapeutic decisions. However, the mechanisms that cause these translocations remain poorly understood. Illegitimate V(D)J recombination, class switch recombination, homologous recombination, non-homologous end-joining and genome fragile sites all have potential roles in the production of non-random chromosomal translocations. In addition, mutations in DNA-repair pathways have been implicated in the production of chromosomal translocations in humans, mice and yeast. Although initially surprising, the identification of these same oncogenic chromosomal translocations in peripheral blood from healthy individuals strongly suggests that the translocation is not sufficient to induce malignant transformation, and that complementary mutations are required to produce a frank malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Aplan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20889-5105, USA.
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49
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Smith MT, McHale CM, Wiemels JL, Zhang L, Wiencke JK, Zheng S, Gunn L, Skibola CF, Ma X, Buffler PA. Molecular biomarkers for the study of childhood leukemia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 206:237-45. [PMID: 15967214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Various specific chromosome rearrangements, including t(8;21), t(15;17), and inv(16), are found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), t(12;21) and t(1;19) are common. We sequenced the translocation breakpoints of 56 patients with childhood ALL or AML harboring t(12;21), t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16), and t(1;19), and demonstrated, with the notable exception of t(1;19), that these rearrangements are commonly detected in the neonatal blood spots (Guthrie cards) of the cases. These findings show that most childhood leukemias begin before birth and that maternal and perinatal exposures such as chemical and infectious agents are likely to be critical. Indeed, we have reported that exposure to indoor pesticides during pregnancy and the first year of life raises leukemia risk, but that later exposures do not. We have also examined aberrant gene methylation in different cytogenetic subgroups and have found striking differences between them, suggesting that epigenetic events are also important in the development of some forms of childhood leukemia. Further, at least two studies now show that the inactivating NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T polymorphism is positively associated with leukemias arising in the first 1-2 years of life and polymorphisms in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been associated with adult and childhood ALL. Thus, low folate intake and compounds that are detoxified by NQO1 may be important in elevating leukemia risk in children. Finally, we are exploring the use of proteomics to subclassify leukemia, because cytogenetic analysis is costly and time-consuming. Several proteins have been identified that may serve as useful biomarkers for rapidly identifying different forms of childhood leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
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50
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Dasenbrock C, Tillmann T, Ernst H, Behnke W, Kellner R, Hagemann G, Kaever V, Kohler M, Rittinghausen S, Mohr U, Tomatis L. Maternal effects and cancer risk in the progeny of mice exposed to X-rays before conception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 56:351-60. [PMID: 15945274 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate in an animal model whether preconceptual X-ray exposure leads to an altered tumor rate and spectrum in the offspring, a transgeneration carcinogenesis study was carried out. Female mice received X-ray irradiation (2 x 2 Gray) 2 weeks prior to mating with untreated males. After weaning, half of the descendants were exposed for 6 months to the immunomodulating and tumor-promoting compound cyclosporine A (CsA) by diet, the others remained untreated. The animals were maintained for their entire lifespan, terminal sacrifices were carried out after 28 months. Complete autopsy was performed, and three protocol organs (lung, liver and spleen) were examined histologically, together with any suspicious lesions in other organs. Fertility and the lifetime of the maternal mice were reduced by the X-ray irradiation, and their incidence of lung and liver tumors was increased as compared to non-irradiated mice. The descendants of all groups revealed comparable body weights and mortality rates. The incidence of hematopoietic/lymphoreticular tissue tumors increased in the female hybrids by 6 months of CsA-treatment. A higher incidence of lung and liver tumors in the sham-treated male progeny of irradiated mothers was detected, pointing to a possible germ cell-transmitted alteration initiated by the preconceptual maternal X-ray exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Dasenbrock
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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