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Daniel L, Counoupas C, Bhattacharyya ND, Triccas JA, Britton WJ, Feng CG. L-selectin-dependent and -independent homing of naïve lymphocytes through the lung draining lymph node support T cell response to pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011460. [PMID: 37405965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruiting large numbers of naïve lymphocytes to lymph nodes is critical for mounting an effective adaptive immune response. While most naïve lymphocytes utilize homing molecule L-selectin to enter lymph nodes, some circulating cells can traffic to the lung-draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) through lymphatics via the intermediate organ, lung. However, whether this alternative trafficking mechanism operates in infection and contributes to T cell priming are unknown. We report that in pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice, homing of circulating lymphocytes to the mLN is significantly less efficient than to non-draining lymph node. CD62L blockade only partially reduced the homing of naïve T lymphocytes, consistent with L-selectin-independent routing of naïve lymphocytes to the site. We further demonstrated that lymphatic vessels in infected mLN expanded significantly and inhibiting lymphangiogenesis with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 kinase inhibitor reduced the recruitment of intravenously injected naïve lymphocytes to the mLN. Finally, mycobacterium-specific T cells entering via the L-selectin-independent route were readily activated in the mLN. Our study suggests that both L-selectin-dependent and -independent pathways contribute to naïve lymphocyte entry into mLN during M. tuberculosis infection and the latter pathway may represent an important mechanism for orchestrating host defence in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Daniel
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nayan D Bhattacharyya
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James A Triccas
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Moritz E, Jedlitschky G, Negnal J, Tzvetkov MV, Daum G, Dörr M, Felix SB, Völzke H, Nauck M, Schwedhelm E, Meisel P, Kocher T, Rauch BH, Holtfreter B. Increased Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Serum Concentrations in Subjects with Periodontitis: A Matter of Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2883-2896. [PMID: 34234513 PMCID: PMC8256099 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s302117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity with an alarmingly high prevalence within the adult population. The signaling lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a crucial role in inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses. In addition to cardiovascular disease, sepsis and tumor entities, S1P has been recently identified as both mediator and biomarker in osteoporosis. We hypothesized that S1P may play a role in periodontitis as an inflammation-prone bone destructive disorder. The goal of our study was to evaluate associations between periodontitis and S1P serum concentrations in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-Trend cohort. In addition, we investigated the expression of S1P metabolizing enzymes in inflamed gingival tissue. Patients and Methods We analyzed data from 3371 participants (51.6% women) of the SHIP-Trend cohort. Periodontal parameters and baseline characteristics were assessed. Serum S1P was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The expression of S1P metabolizing enzymes was determined by immunofluorescence staining of human gingival tissue. Results S1P serum concentrations were significantly increased in subjects with both moderate and severe periodontitis, assessed as probing depth and clinical attachment loss. In contrast, no significant association of S1P was seen with caries variables (number and percentage of decayed or filled surfaces). S1P concentrations significantly increased with increasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Interestingly, inflamed compared to normal human gingival tissue exhibited elevated expression levels of the S1P-generating enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1). Conclusion We report an intriguingly significant association of various periodontal parameters with serum levels of the inflammatory lipid mediator S1P. Our data point towards a key role of S1P during periodontitis pathology. Modulation of local S1P levels or its signaling properties may represent a potential future therapeutic strategy to prevent or to retard periodontitis progression and possibly reduce periodontitis-related tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Moritz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriele Jedlitschky
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josefine Negnal
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Günter Daum
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Humburg, Germany
| | - Peter Meisel
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Department of Human Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Rao E, Hou Y, Huang X, Wang L, Wang J, Zheng W, Yang H, Yu X, Yang K, Bugno J, Ding X, Vokes E, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR, Liang HL. All-trans retinoic acid overcomes solid tumor radioresistance by inducing inflammatory macrophages. Sci Immunol 2021; 6. [PMID: 34723044 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba8426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important anti-cancer treatment modality that activates innate and adaptive immune responses. When all-trans retinoic acid (RA) was administered with radiation, we observed superior antitumor responses compared to ionizing radiation (IR) alone or RA alone. The superior antitumor effects of combination treatment were accompanied by a dramatic increase of TNF-α- and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-producing inflammatory macrophages in local and distal non-irradiated (distal) tumors. Inflammatory macrophages are essential for the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment by inducing effector T cell infiltration and enhancing the effector T cell to regulatory T cell ratio in local and distal tumors. T cells and T cell-derived IFN-γ are crucial for increasing inflammatory macrophage levels in IR and RA treated tumors. Notably, whereas CD8+ T cells are required for the antitumor response to IR, CD4+ T cells are required for the effectiveness of the IR and RA combination. Combination treatment with RA enhanced the abscopal response when radiation and PD-L1 blockade were used together. The synergistic positive feedback loop of inflammatory macrophages and adaptive immunity is required for the antitumor efficacy of IR plus RA combination treatment. Our findings provide a translational and relatively nontoxic strategy for enhancing the local and systemic antitumor effects of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Rao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710061, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiaai Wang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hengjin Yang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital with Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Bugno
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago
| | - Xingchen Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Everett Vokes
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hua L Liang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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In Sickness and in Health: The Immunological Roles of the Lymphatic System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094458. [PMID: 33923289 PMCID: PMC8123157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays crucial roles in immunity far beyond those of simply providing conduits for leukocytes and antigens in lymph fluid. Endothelial cells within this vasculature are distinct and highly specialized to perform roles based upon their location. Afferent lymphatic capillaries have unique intercellular junctions for efficient uptake of fluid and macromolecules, while expressing chemotactic and adhesion molecules that permit selective trafficking of specific immune cell subsets. Moreover, in response to events within peripheral tissue such as inflammation or infection, soluble factors from lymphatic endothelial cells exert “remote control” to modulate leukocyte migration across high endothelial venules from the blood to lymph nodes draining the tissue. These immune hubs are highly organized and perfectly arrayed to survey antigens from peripheral tissue while optimizing encounters between antigen-presenting cells and cognate lymphocytes. Furthermore, subsets of lymphatic endothelial cells exhibit differences in gene expression relating to specific functions and locality within the lymph node, facilitating both innate and acquired immune responses through antigen presentation, lymph node remodeling and regulation of leukocyte entry and exit. This review details the immune cell subsets in afferent and efferent lymph, and explores the mechanisms by which endothelial cells of the lymphatic system regulate such trafficking, for immune surveillance and tolerance during steady-state conditions, and in response to infection, acute and chronic inflammation, and subsequent resolution.
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5
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Novel compounds with dual S1P receptor agonist and histamine H 3 receptor antagonist activities act protective in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2021; 186:108464. [PMID: 33460688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P1) has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first functional antagonist of S1P1 that has been approved for oral treatment of MS. Previously, we have developed novel butterfly derivatives of FTY720 that acted similar to FTY720 in reducing disease symptoms in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we have synthesized a piperidine derivative of the oxazolo-oxazole compounds, denoted ST-1505, and its ring-opened analogue ST-1478, and characterised their in-vitro and in-vivo functions. Notably, the 3-piperidinopropyloxy moiety resembles a structural motif of pitolisant, a drug with histamine H3R antagonistic/inverse agonist activity approved for the treatment of narcolepsy. Both novel compounds exerted H3R affinities, and in addition, ST-1505 was characterised as a dual S1P1+3 agonist, whereas ST-1478 was a dual S1P1+5 agonist. Both multitargeting compounds were also active in mice and reduced the lymphocyte numbers as well as diminished disease symptoms in the mouse model of MS. The effect of ST-1478 was dependent on SK-2 activity suggesting that it is a prodrug like FTY720, but with a more selective S1P receptor activation profile, whereas ST-1505 is a fully active drug even in the absence of SK-2. In summary, these data suggest that the well soluble piperidine derivatives ST-1505 and ST-1478 hold promise as novel drugs for the treatment of MS and other autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, and by their H3R antagonist potency, they might additionally improve cognitive impairment during disease.
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6
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Middelburg J, Kemper K, Engelberts P, Labrijn AF, Schuurman J, van Hall T. Overcoming Challenges for CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:287. [PMID: 33466732 PMCID: PMC7829968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer with CD3-bispecific antibodies is an approved therapeutic option for some hematological malignancies and is under clinical investigation for solid cancers. However, the treatment of solid tumors faces more pronounced hurdles, such as increased on-target off-tumor toxicities, sparse T-cell infiltration and impaired T-cell quality due to the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which affect the safety and limit efficacy of CD3-bispecific antibody therapy. In this review, we provide a brief status update of the CD3-bispecific antibody therapy field and identify intrinsic hurdles in solid cancers. Furthermore, we describe potential combinatorial approaches to overcome these challenges in order to generate selective and more effective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Middelburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Kristel Kemper
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Patrick Engelberts
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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7
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Alexandre YO, Devi S, Park SL, Mackay LK, Heath WR, Mueller SN. Systemic Inflammation Suppresses Lymphoid Tissue Remodeling and B Cell Immunity during Concomitant Local Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108567. [PMID: 33378682 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent infection with multiple pathogens occurs frequently in individuals and can result in exacerbated infections and altered immunity. However, the impact of such coinfections on immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that systemic infection results in an inflammation-induced suppression of local immunity. During localized infection or vaccination in barrier tissues including the skin or respiratory tract, concurrent systemic infection induces a type I interferon-dependent lymphopenia that impairs lymphocyte recruitment to the draining lymph node (dLN) and induces sequestration of lymphocytes in non-draining LN. This contributes to suppressed fibroblastic reticular cell and endothelial cell expansion and dLN remodeling and impairs induction of B cell responses and antibody production. Our data suggest that contemporaneous systemic inflammation constrains the induction of regional immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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8
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Camacho V, Matkins VR, Patel SB, Lever JM, Yang Z, Ying L, Landuyt AE, Dean EC, George JF, Yang H, Ferrell PB, Maynard CL, Weaver CT, Turnquist HR, Welner RS. Bone marrow Tregs mediate stromal cell function and support hematopoiesis via IL-10. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135681. [PMID: 33208555 PMCID: PMC7710301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonimmune roles of Tregs have been described in various tissues, including the BM. In this study, we comprehensively phenotyped marrow Tregs, elucidating their key features and tissue-specific functions. We show that marrow Tregs are migratory and home back to the marrow. For trafficking, marrow Tregs use S1P gradients, and disruption of this axis allows for specific targeting of the marrow Treg pool. Following Treg depletion, the function and phenotype of both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was impaired. Transplantation also revealed that a Treg-depleted niche has a reduced capacity to support hematopoiesis. Finally, we found that marrow Tregs are high producers of IL-10 and that Treg-secreted IL-10 has direct effects on MSC function. This is the first report to our knowledge revealing that Treg-secreted IL-10 is necessary for stromal cell maintenance, and our work outlines an alternative mechanism by which this cytokine regulates hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremie M. Lever
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Zhengqin Yang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li Ying
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore & Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashley E. Landuyt
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Emma C. Dean
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F. George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore & Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Brent Ferrell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig L. Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Casey T. Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Heth R. Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Immuno-PET identifies the myeloid compartment as a key contributor to the outcome of the antitumor response under PD-1 blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16971-16980. [PMID: 31375632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using checkpoint-blocking antibodies against PD-1 has produced impressive results in a wide range of cancers. However, the response remains heterogeneous among patients. We used noninvasive immuno-positron emission tomography (PET), using 89Zr-labeled PEGylated single-domain antibody fragments (nanobodies or VHHs), to explore the dynamics and distribution of intratumoral CD8+ T cells and CD11b+ myeloid cells in response to anti-PD-1 treatment in the MC38 colorectal mouse adenocarcinoma model. Responding and nonresponding tumors showed consistent differences in the distribution of CD8+ and CD11b+ cells. Anti-PD-1 treatment mobilized CD8+ T cells from the tumor periphery to a more central location. Only those tumors fully infiltrated by CD8+ T cells went on to complete resolution. All tumors contained CD11b+ myeloid cells from the outset of treatment, with later recruitment of additional CD11b+ cells. As tumors grew, the distribution of intratumoral CD11b+ cells became more heterogeneous. Shrinkage of tumors in responders correlated with an increase in the CD11b+ population in the center of the tumors. The changes in distribution of CD8+ and CD11b+ cells, as assessed by PET, served as biomarkers to gauge the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing of RNA from intratumoral CD45+ cells showed that CD11b+ cells in responders and nonresponders were markedly different. The responders exhibited a dominant population of macrophages with an M1-like signature, while the CD45+ population in the nonresponders displayed an M2-like transcriptional signature. Thus, by using immuno-PET and single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that anti-PD-1 treatment not only affects interactions of CD8+ T cells with the tumor but also impacts the intratumoral myeloid compartment.
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10
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Nakazawa M, Maeda S, Yokoyama N, Nakagawa T, Yonezawa T, Ohno K, Matsuki N. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates the production of intestinal IgA and its potential role in the pathogenesis of canine inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1249-1258. [PMID: 31341112 PMCID: PMC6785611 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Decreased production of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been suggested as a possible pathogenesis in a
subset of canine IBD; however, the underlying cause remains unclear. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that regulates intestinal IgA production by controlling lymphocyte
trafficking in mice. The objectives of this study were to clarify the role of S1P in IgA production in dogs and to evaluate the expression of S1P-related molecules in dogs with IBD. First,
an S1P receptor antagonist was administrated to five healthy dogs. The S1P receptor antagonist significantly decreased the IgA concentration in sera and feces but did not affect the IgG
concentration. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of intestinal IgA was significantly decreased by S1P signal blockade. These results indicate that S1P signaling specifically regulates the
intestinal IgA production in dogs. Subsequently, the intestinal S1P concentration and the expression of S1P-related molecules were measured in dogs with IBD and healthy dogs. The intestinal
concentration of S1P was significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. In addition, the gene expression levels of S1P receptor (S1P1) and S1P synthase
(SK1) were significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. Taken together, these observations suggest that decreased S1P production, likely caused by a lower
expression of S1P synthetase, leads to attenuation of S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway and the production of intestinal IgA in dogs with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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11
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Camara-Lemarroy CR, Metz L, Meddings JB, Sharkey KA, Wee Yong V. The intestinal barrier in multiple sclerosis: implications for pathophysiology and therapeutics. Brain 2019; 141:1900-1916. [PMID: 29860380 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis in health and disease. Breakdown of the intestinal barrier is an essential aspect of the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. A wealth of recent studies has shown that the intestinal microbiome, part of the brain-gut axis, could play a role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. However, an essential component of this axis, the intestinal barrier, has received much less attention. In this review, we describe the intestinal barrier as the physical and functional zone of interaction between the luminal microbiome and the host. Besides its essential role in the regulation of homeostatic processes, the intestinal barrier contains the gut mucosal immune system, a guardian of the integrity of the intestinal tract and the whole organism. Gastrointestinal disorders with intestinal barrier breakdown show evidence of CNS demyelination, and content of the intestinal microbiome entering into the circulation can impact the functions of CNS microglia. We highlight currently available studies suggesting that there is intestinal barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Finally, we address the mechanisms by which commonly used disease-modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis could alter the intestinal barrier and the microbiome, and we discuss the potential of barrier-stabilizing strategies, including probiotics and stabilization of tight junctions, as novel therapeutic avenues in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luanne Metz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Meddings
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Tay MHD, Lim SYJ, Leong YFI, Thiam CH, Tan KW, Torta FT, Narayanaswamy P, Wenk M, Angeli V. Halted Lymphocyte Egress via Efferent Lymph Contributes to Lymph Node Hypertrophy During Hypercholesterolemia. Front Immunol 2019; 10:575. [PMID: 30972070 PMCID: PMC6446103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a central component of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome linked to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction. Previously, we showed that hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E knock out (apoE−/−) mice exhibit systemic effects including skin inflammation and hypertrophic lymph nodes (LNs). However, the mechanisms accounting for LN hypertrophy in these mice remain unknown. Here, we show that hypercholesterolemia led to the accumulation of lymphocytes in LNs. We excluded that the increased number of lymphocytes in expanded LNs resulted from increased lymphocyte proliferation or entry into those LNs. Instead, we demonstrated that the egress of lymphocytes from the enlarged LN of apoE−/− mice was markedly decreased. Impairment in efferent lymphatic emigration of lymphocytes from LNs resulted from an aberrant expansion of cortical and medullary sinuses that became hyperplastic. Moreover, CCL21 was more abundant on these enlarged sinuses whereas lymph levels of sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) were decreased in apoE−/− mice. Normal LN size, lymphatic density and S1P levels were restored by reversing hypercholesterolemia. Thus, systemic changes in cholesterol can sequester lymphocytes in tissue draining LNs through the extensive remodeling of lymphatic sinuses and alteration of the balance between retention/egress signals leading to LN hypertrophy which subsequently may contribute to poor immunity. This study further illustrates the role of lymphatic vessels in immunity through the regulation of immune cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hwee Daniel Tay
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee Yeng Jason Lim
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew Fai Ivan Leong
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chung Hwee Thiam
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kar Wai Tan
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Tesio Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Science Institute, SLING-Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pradeep Narayanaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Science Institute, SLING-Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Science Institute, SLING-Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Véronique Angeli
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Science Institute, SLING-Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Yoon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Rapp M, Wintergerst MWM, Kunz WG, Vetter VK, Knott MML, Lisowski D, Haubner S, Moder S, Thaler R, Eiber S, Meyer B, Röhrle N, Piseddu I, Grassmann S, Layritz P, Kühnemuth B, Stutte S, Bourquin C, von Andrian UH, Endres S, Anz D. CCL22 controls immunity by promoting regulatory T cell communication with dendritic cells in lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1170-1181. [PMID: 30910796 PMCID: PMC6504218 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapp et al. demonstrate that dendritic cells in the lymph node secrete CCL22 to build cell–cell contacts with CCR4-expressing regulatory T cells, leading to immune suppression. Conversely, CCL22 deficiency results in enhanced T cell immunity, shown here in the setting of vaccination, cancer, and inflammatory disease. Chemokines have crucial roles in organ development and orchestration of leukocyte migration. The chemokine CCL22 is expressed constitutively at high levels in the lymph node, but the functional significance of this expression is so far unknown. Studying a newly established CCL22-deficient mouse, we demonstrate that CCL22 expression by dendritic cells (DCs) promotes the formation of cell–cell contacts and interaction with regulatory T cells (T reg) through their CCR4 receptor. Vaccination of CCL22-deficient mice led to excessive T cell responses that were also observed when wild-type mice were vaccinated using CCL22-deficient DCs. Tumor-bearing mice with CCL22 deficiency showed prolonged survival upon vaccination, and further, CCL22-deficient mice had increased susceptibility to inflammatory disease. In conclusion, we identify the CCL22–CCR4 axis as an immune checkpoint that is crucial for the control of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Rapp
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian W M Wintergerst
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Viola K Vetter
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Max M L Knott
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lisowski
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Haubner
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Moder
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffael Thaler
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Eiber
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Meyer
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha Röhrle
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ignazio Piseddu
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Layritz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kühnemuth
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Stutte
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carole Bourquin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Anaesthetics, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergencies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Anz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Other Forms of Immunosuppression. KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION - PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7152196 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-53186-3.00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Wang Z, Chai Q, Zhu M. Differential Roles of LTβR in Endothelial Cell Subsets for Lymph Node Organogenesis and Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:69-76. [PMID: 29760194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular cross-talk mediated by lymphotoxin αβ-lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling plays a critical role in lymph node (LN) development. Although the major role of LTβR signaling has long been considered to occur in mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer cells, a recent study using a VE-cadherincreLtbrfl/fl mouse model suggested that endothelial LTβR signaling contributes to the formation of LNs. However, the detailed roles of LTβR in different endothelial cells (ECs) in LN development remain unknown. Using various cre transgenic mouse models (Tekcre , a strain targeting ECs, and Lyve1cre , mainly targeting lymphatic ECs), we observed that specific LTβR ablation in Tekcre+ or Lyve1cre+ cells is not required for LN formation. Moreover, double-cre-mediated LTβR depletion does not interrupt LN formation. Nevertheless, TekcreLtbrfl/fl mice exhibit reduced lymphoid tissue inducer cell accumulation at the LN anlagen and impaired LN maturation. Interestingly, a subset of ECs (VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs) was found to be enriched in transcripts related to hematopoietic cell recruitment and transendothelial migration, resembling LN high ECs in adult animals. Furthermore, endothelial Tek was observed to negatively regulate hematopoietic cell transmigration. Taken together, our data suggest that although Tekcre+ endothelial LTβR is required for the accumulation of hematopoietic cells and full LN maturation, LTβR in VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs in embryos might represent a critical portal-determining factor for LN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and .,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Xue W, Brentville VA, Symonds P, Cook KW, Yagita H, Metheringham RL, Durrant LG. SCIB1, a huIgG1 antibody DNA vaccination, combined with PD-1 blockade induced efficient therapy of poorly immunogenic tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83088-83100. [PMID: 27825115 PMCID: PMC5347755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We have previously shown that supraoptimal signaling of high avidity T cells leads to high expression of PD-1 and inhibition of proliferation. This study was designed to see if this effect could be mitigated by combining a vaccine that stimulates high avidity T cells with PD-1 blockade. Experimental Design We investigated the anti-tumor effect of a huIgG1 antibody DNA vaccine (SCIB1) and PD-1 blockade. Results Vaccination of HLA-DR4 transgenic mice with SCIB1 induced high frequency and avidity T cell responses that resulted in survival (40%) of mice with established B16F1-DR4 tumors. SCIB1 vaccination was associated with increased infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T cells within the tumor but was also associated with upregulation of PD-L1 within the tumor environment. PD-1 blockade also resulted in increased CD8 T cell infiltration and an anti-tumor response with 50% of mice showing long term survival. In line with our hypothesis that PD-1/PD-L1 signaling results in inhibition of proliferation of high avidity T cells at the tumor site, the combination of PD-1 blockade with vaccination, enhanced the number and proliferation of the CD8 tumor infiltrate. This resulted in a potent anti-tumor response with 80% survival of the mice. Conclusions There is a benefit in combining PD-1 blockade with vaccines that induce high avidity T cell responses and in particular with SCIB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xue
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria A Brentville
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Symonds
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katherine W Cook
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachael L Metheringham
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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17
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Rot A, Massberg S, Khandoga AG, von Andrian UH. Chemokines and Hematopoietic Cell Trafficking. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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18
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Administration of FTY720 during Tourniquet-Induced Limb Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Attenuates Systemic Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4594035. [PMID: 29410598 PMCID: PMC5749296 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4594035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the extremities leads to local and systemic inflammatory changes which can hinder limb function and can be life threatening. This study examined whether the administration of the T-cell sequestration agent, FTY720, following hind limb tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle IRI in a rat model would attenuate systemic inflammation and multiple end organ injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 1 hr of ischemia via application of a rubber band tourniquet. Animals were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of either vehicle control or FTY720 15 min after band placement. Rats (n = 10/time point) were euthanized at 6, 24, and 72 hr post-IRI. Peripheral blood as well as lung, liver, kidney, and ischemic muscle tissue was analyzed and compared between groups. FTY720 treatment markedly decreased the number of peripheral blood T cells (p < 0.05) resulting in a decreased systemic inflammatory response and lower serum creatinine levels and had a modest but significant effect in decreasing the transcription of injury-associated target genes in multiple end organs. These findings suggest that early intervention with FTY720 may benefit the treatment of IRI of the limb. Further preclinical studies are necessary to characterize the short-term and long-term beneficial effects of FTY720 following tourniquet-induced IRI.
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19
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Muroyama Y, Nirschl TR, Kochel CM, Lopez-Bujanda Z, Theodros D, Mao W, Carrera-Haro MA, Ghasemzadeh A, Marciscano AE, Velarde E, Tam AJ, Thoburn CJ, Uddin M, Meeker AK, Anders RA, Pardoll DM, Drake CG. Stereotactic Radiotherapy Increases Functionally Suppressive Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:992-1004. [PMID: 28970196 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) enhances innate and adaptive antitumor immunity; however, the effects of radiation on suppressive immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Treg), in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not fully elucidated. Although previous reports suggest an increased Treg infiltration after radiation, whether these Tregs are functionally suppressive remains undetermined. To test the hypothesis that RT enhances the suppressive function of Treg in the TME, we selectively irradiated implanted tumors using the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP), which models stereotactic radiotherapy in human patients. We then analyzed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with flow-cytometry and functional assays. Our data showed that RT significantly increased tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TIL-Treg), which had higher expression of CTLA-4, 4-1BB, and Helios compared with Tregs in nonirradiated tumors. This observation held true across several tumor models (B16/F10, RENCA, and MC38). We found that TIL-Tregs from irradiated tumors had equal or improved suppressive capacity compared with nonirradiated tumors. Our data also indicated that after RT, Tregs proliferated more robustly than other T-cell subsets in the TME. In addition, after RT, expansion of Tregs occurred when T-cell migration was inhibited using Fingolimod, suggesting that the increased Treg frequency was likely due to preferential proliferation of intratumoral Treg after radiation. Our data also suggested that Treg expansion after irradiation was independent of TGFβ and IL33 signaling. These data demonstrate that RT increased phenotypically and functionally suppressive Tregs in the TME. Our results suggest that RT might be combined effectively with Treg-targeting agents to maximize antitumor efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(11); 992-1004. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Muroyama
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christina M Kochel
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zoila Lopez-Bujanda
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Debebe Theodros
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wendy Mao
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria A Carrera-Haro
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ariel E Marciscano
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Esteban Velarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ada J Tam
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher J Thoburn
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Muniza Uddin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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20
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Hutami IR, Izawa T, Mino-Oka A, Shinohara T, Mori H, Iwasa A, Tanaka E. Fas/S1P 1 crosstalk via NF-κB activation in osteoclasts controls subchondral bone remodeling in murine TMJ arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1274-1281. [PMID: 28687489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced turnover of subchondral trabecular bone is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and it results from an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation activities. To investigate the formation and activation of osteoclasts which mediate bone resorption, a Fas-deficient MRL/lpr mouse model which spontaneously develops autoimmune arthritis and exhibits decreased bone mass was studied. Various assays were performed on subchondral trabecular bone of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) from MRL/lpr mice and MRL+/+ mice. Initially, greater osteoclast production was observed in vitro from bone marrow macrophages obtained from MRL/lpr mice due to enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB, as well as Akt and MAPK, to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) was also significantly upregulated in the condylar cartilage. S1P1 was found to be required for S1P-induced migration of osteoclast precursor cells and downstream signaling via Rac1. When SN50, a synthetic NF-κB-inhibitory peptide, was applied to the MRL/lpr mice, subchondral trabecular bone loss was reduced and both production of osteoclastogenesis markers and sphingosine kinase (Sphk) 1/S1P1 signaling were reduced. Thus, the present results suggest that Fas/S1P1 signaling via activation of NF-κB in osteoclast precursor cells is a key factor in the pathogenesis of RA in the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamy Rahma Hutami
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan.
| | - Akiko Mino-Oka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shinohara
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
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21
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Ager A. High Endothelial Venules and Other Blood Vessels: Critical Regulators of Lymphoid Organ Development and Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:45. [PMID: 28217126 PMCID: PMC5289948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood vasculature regulates both the development and function of secondary lymphoid organs by providing a portal for entry of hemopoietic cells. During the development of lymphoid organs in the embryo, blood vessels deliver lymphoid tissue inducer cells that initiate and sustain the development of lymphoid tissues. In adults, the blood vessels are structurally distinct from those in other organs due to the requirement for high levels of lymphocyte recruitment under non-inflammatory conditions. In lymph nodes (LNs) and Peyer's patches, high endothelial venules (HEVs) especially adapted for lymphocyte trafficking form a spatially organized network of blood vessels, which controls both the type of lymphocyte and the site of entry into lymphoid tissues. Uniquely, HEVs express vascular addressins that regulate lymphocyte entry into lymphoid organs and are, therefore, critical to the function of lymphoid organs. Recent studies have demonstrated important roles for CD11c+ dendritic cells in the induction, as well as the maintenance, of vascular addressin expression and, therefore, the function of HEVs. Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are HEV containing LN-like structures that develop inside organized tissues undergoing chronic immune-mediated inflammation. In autoimmune lesions, the development of TLOs is thought to exacerbate disease. In cancerous tissues, the development of HEVs and TLOs is associated with improved patient outcomes in several cancers. Therefore, it is important to understand what drives the development of HEVs and TLOs and how these structures contribute to pathology. In several human diseases and experimental animal models of chronic inflammation, there are some similarities between the development and function of HEVs within LN and TLOs. This review will summarize current knowledge of how hemopoietic cells with lymphoid tissue-inducing, HEV-inducing, and HEV-maintaining properties are recruited from the bloodstream to induce the development and control the function of lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ager
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Williams JB, Horton BL, Zheng Y, Duan Y, Powell JD, Gajewski TF. The EGR2 targets LAG-3 and 4-1BB describe and regulate dysfunctional antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. J Exp Med 2017; 214:381-400. [PMID: 28115575 PMCID: PMC5294847 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams et al. show that 4-BB and LAG-3, previously identified as EGR2 targets from in vitro T cell anergy studies, are sufficient to identify dysfunctional tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. These markers facilitated detailed transcriptional and phenotypic characterization and provided therapeutic targets for tumor control. Although the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) indicates an endogenous antitumor response, immune regulatory pathways can subvert the effector phase and enable tumor escape. Negative regulatory pathways include extrinsic suppression mechanisms, but also a T cell–intrinsic dysfunctional state. A more detailed study has been hampered by a lack of cell surface markers defining tumor-specific dysfunctional TILs, and PD-1 alone is not sufficient. Recently, we identified the transcription factor Egr2 as a critical component in controlling the anergic state in vitro. In this study, we show that the Egr2-driven cell surface proteins LAG-3 and 4-1BB can identify dysfunctional tumor antigen–specific CD8+ TIL. Co-expression of 4-1BB and LAG-3 was seen on a majority of CD8+ TILs, but not in lymphoid organs. Functional analysis revealed defective IL-2 and TNF production yet retained expression of IFN-γ and regulatory T cell–recruiting chemokines. Transcriptional and phenotypic characterization revealed coexpression of multiple additional co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors. Administration of anti–LAG-3 plus anti–4-1BB mAbs was therapeutic against tumors in vivo, which correlated with phenotypic normalization. Our results indicate that coexpression of LAG-3 and 4-1BB characterize dysfunctional T cells within tumors, and that targeting these receptors has therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Williams
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Brendan L Horton
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yan Zheng
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yukan Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 .,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Chimen M, Apta BHR, Mcgettrick HM. Introduction: T Cell Trafficking in Inflammation and Immunity. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1591:73-84. [PMID: 28349476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6931-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T cell migration across vascular endothelium is essential for T cell responses, as through the expression of specific tissue-homing receptors, these cells then access peripheral tissues, with the goal of eliminating invading pathogens and/or tumor cells. However, aberrant trafficking of T cells to peripheral tissues contributes to the development of most chronic inflammatory diseases. Very little is known about the mechanisms by which T cell trafficking is regulated during inflammation, and it is thus difficult to target this aspect of pathology for the development of new therapies. It is therefore important to understand the pathways involved in regulating the recruitment of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bonita H R Apta
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M Mcgettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Hunter MC, Teijeira A, Halin C. T Cell Trafficking through Lymphatic Vessels. Front Immunol 2016; 7:613. [PMID: 28066423 PMCID: PMC5174098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell migration within and between peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs is essential for proper functioning of adaptive immunity. While active T cell migration within a tissue is fairly slow, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels (LVs) serve as speedy highways that enable T cells to travel rapidly over long distances. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of T cell migration out of blood vessels have been intensively studied over the past 30 years. By contrast, less is known about T cell trafficking through the lymphatic vasculature. This migratory process occurs in one manner within lymph nodes (LNs), where recirculating T cells continuously exit into efferent lymphatics to return to the blood circulation. In another manner, T cell trafficking through lymphatics also occurs in peripheral tissues, where T cells exit the tissue by means of afferent lymphatics, to migrate to draining LNs and back into blood. In this review, we highlight how the anatomy of the lymphatic vasculature supports T cell trafficking and review current knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular requirements of T cell migration through LVs. Finally, we summarize and discuss recent insights regarding the presumed relevance of T cell trafficking through afferent lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Hunter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Department, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Intratumoral injection of a CpG oligonucleotide reverts resistance to PD-1 blockade by expanding multifunctional CD8+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7240-E7249. [PMID: 27799536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608555113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the impressive rates of clinical response to programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade in multiple cancers, the majority of patients still fail to respond to this therapy. The CT26 tumor in mice showed similar heterogeneity, with most tumors unaffected by anti-PD-1. As in humans, response of CT26 to anti-PD-1 correlated with increased T- and B-cell infiltration and IFN expression. We show that intratumoral injection of a highly interferogenic TLR9 agonist, SD-101, in anti-PD-1 nonresponders led to a complete, durable rejection of essentially all injected tumors and a majority of uninjected, distant-site tumors. Therapeutic efficacy of the combination was also observed with the TSA mammary adenocarcinoma and MCA38 colon carcinoma tumor models that show little response to PD-1 blockade alone. Intratumoral SD-101 substantially increased leukocyte infiltration and IFN-regulated gene expression, and its activity was dependent on CD8+ T cells and type I IFN signaling. Anti-PD-1 plus intratumoral SD-101 promoted infiltration of activated, proliferating CD8+ T cells and led to a synergistic increase in total and tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells expressing both IFN-γ and TNF-α. Additionally, PD-1 blockade could alter the CpG-mediated differentiation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into CD127lowKLRG1high short-lived effector cells, preferentially expanding the CD127highKLRG1low long-lived memory precursors. Tumor control and intratumoral T-cell proliferation in response to the combined treatment is independent of T-cell trafficking from secondary lymphoid organs. These findings suggest that a CpG oligonucleotide given intratumorally may increase the response of cancer patients to PD-1 blockade, increasing the quantity and the quality of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Zhang D, Huang Y, Huang Z, Zhang R, Wang H, Huang D. FTY-720P Suppresses Osteoclast Formation by Regulating Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-4 (IL-4), and Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2187-94. [PMID: 27344392 PMCID: PMC4924886 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclast formation is closely related to the immune system. FTY720, a new immunosuppressive agent, has some functions in immune regulation. Its main active ingredients become FTY-720P in vivo by phosphorylation modification. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of FTY-720 with various concentrations on osteoclasts in vitro. Material/Methods RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (BMMs) were treated with RANKL to obtain osteoclasts in vitro. To investigate the role of FTY-720 in osteoclast formation, trap enzyme staining was performed and the number of osteoclasts was counted. Bone slices were stained with methylene blue, we counted the number of lacunae after bone slices were placed into dishes together with osteoclasts, and we observed the effect and function of FTY-720 in osteoclasts induced by RAW264.7 cells and BMMs. Then, we used a protein array kit to explore the effects of FTY-720P on osteoclasts. Results The results of enzyme trap staining and F-actin staining experiments show that, with the increasing concentration of FTY-720P, the number of osteoclast induced by RAW264.7 cells and BMMs gradually decreased (P<0.05), especially when the FTY-720P concentration reached 1000 ng/ml, and the number of osteoclasts formed was the lowest (P<0.05). With bone lacuna toluidine blue staining, the results also show that, with the increasing concentration of FTY-720P, the number of bone lacuna gradually decreased (P<0.05), and the number of lacunae is lowest when the concentration reached 800 ng/ml. Finally, protein array results showed that IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, MMP-2, VEGF-C, GFR, basic FGF, MIP-2, and insulin proteins were regulated after FTY-720P treatment. Conclusions FTY-720P can suppress osteoclast formation and function, and FTY-720P induces a series of cytokine changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Section 2, Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjun Huang
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zongwen Huang
- Section 2, Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- Section 2, Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Downregulation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Promotes the Switch from Tangential to Radial Migration in the OB. J Neurosci 2016; 35:13659-72. [PMID: 26446219 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1353-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neuroblast migration is a highly orchestrated process that ensures the proper integration of newborn neurons into complex neuronal circuits. In the postnatal rodent brain, neuroblasts migrate long distances from the subependymal zone of the lateral ventricles to the olfactory bulb (OB) within the rostral migratory stream (RMS). They first migrate tangentially in close contact to each other and later radially as single cells until they reach their final destination in the OB. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that interacts with cell-surface receptors to exert different cellular responses. Although well studied in other systems and a target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, little is known about S1P in the postnatal brain. Here, we report that the S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) is expressed in neuroblasts migrating in the RMS. Using in vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function approaches in both wild-type and transgenic mice, we found that the activation of S1P1 by its natural ligand S1P, acting as a paracrine signal, contributes to maintain neuroblasts attached to each other while they migrate in chains within the RMS. Once in the OB, neuroblasts cease to express S1P1, which results in cell detachment and initiation of radial migration, likely via downregulation of NCAM1 and β1 integrin. Our results reveal a novel physiological function for S1P1 in the postnatal brain, directing the path followed by newborn neurons in the neurogenic niche. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The function of each neuron is highly determined by the position it occupies within a neuronal circuit. Frequently, newborn neurons must travel long distances from their birthplace to their predetermined final location and, to do so, they use different modes of migration. In this study, we identify the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P1) as one of the key players that govern the switch from tangential to radial migration of postnatally generated neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb. Of interest is the evidence that the ligand, S1P, is provided by nearby astrocytes. Finally, we also propose adhesion molecules that act downstream of S1P1 and initiate the transition from tangential chain migration to individual radial migration outside of the stream.
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Modulation of Intrathymic Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Levels Promotes Escape of Immature Thymocytes to the Periphery with a Potential Proinflammatory Role in Chagas Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:709846. [PMID: 26347020 PMCID: PMC4539443 DOI: 10.1155/2015/709846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) system regulates both thymic and lymph nodes T cell egress which is essential for producing and maintaining the recycling T cell repertoire. Infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi induces a hormonal systemic deregulation that has impact in the thymic S1P homeostasis that ultimately promotes the premature exit of immature CD4−CD8− T cells expressing TCR and proinflamatory cytokines to peripheral lymphoid organs, where they may interfere with adaptive immune responses. In what follows, we review recent findings revealing escape of these immature T cells exhibiting an activation profile to peripheral compartments of the immune system in both experimental murine and human models of Chagas disease.
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29
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Tay KH, Liu X, Chi M, Jin L, Jiang CC, Guo ST, Verrills NM, Tseng HY, Zhang XD. Involvement of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in killing of human melanoma cells by the sphingosine kinase analogue FTY720. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:171-83. [PMID: 25358761 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling axis is emerging as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. However, the effect of such an approach on survival of human melanoma cells remains less understood. Here, we show that the sphingosine analogue FTY720 that functionally antagonises S1PRs kills human melanoma cells through a mechanism involving the vacuolar H(+) -ATPase activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that FTY720-triggered cell death is characterized by features of necrosis and is not dependent on receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 or lysosome cathepsins, nor was it associated with the activation of protein phosphatase 2A. Instead, it is mediated by increased production of reactive oxygen species and is antagonized by activation of autophagy. Collectively, these results suggest that FTY720 and its analogues are promising candidates for further development as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hong Tay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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30
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Lee M, Kiefel H, LaJevic MD, Macauley MS, Kawashima H, O'Hara E, Pan J, Paulson JC, Butcher EC. Transcriptional programs of lymphoid tissue capillary and high endothelium reveal control mechanisms for lymphocyte homing. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:982-95. [PMID: 25173345 PMCID: PMC4222088 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are recruited from blood by high-endothelial venules (HEVs). We performed transcriptomic analyses and identified molecular signatures that distinguish HEVs from capillary endothelium and that define tissue-specific HEV specialization. Capillaries expressed gene programs for vascular development. HEV-expressed genes showed enrichment for genes encoding molecules involved in immunological defense and lymphocyte migration. We identify capillary and HEV markers and candidate mechanisms for regulated recruitment of lymphocytes, including a lymph node HEV-selective transmembrane mucin; transcriptional control of functionally specialized carbohydrate ligands for lymphocyte L-selectin; HEV expression of molecules for transendothelial migration; and metabolic programs for lipid mediators of lymphocyte motility and chemotaxis. We also elucidate a carbohydrate-recognition pathway that targets B cells to intestinal lymphoid tissues, defining CD22 as a lectin-homing receptor for mucosal HEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Helena Kiefel
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa D LaJevic
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | | | - Edward O'Hara
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- 1] Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA. [3] The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Gorlino CV, Ranocchia RP, Harman MF, García IA, Crespo MI, Morón G, Maletto BA, Pistoresi-Palencia MC. Neutrophils Exhibit Differential Requirements for Homing Molecules in Their Lymphatic and Blood Trafficking into Draining Lymph Nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1966-74. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Targeting the molecular and cellular interactions of the bone marrow niche in immunologic disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 14:402. [PMID: 24408534 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have expanded our knowledge of the regulatory bone marrow (BM) niche, which is critical in maintaining and directing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation. Osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells are niche components in close association with HSCs and have been more clearly defined in immune cell function and homeostasis. Importantly, cellular inhabitants of the BM niche signal through G protein-coupled surface receptors (GPCRs) for various appropriate immune functions. In this article, recent literature on BM niche inhabitants (HSCs, osteoblasts, MSCs, CAR cells) and their GPCR mechanistic interactions are reviewed for better understanding of the BM cells involved in immune development, immunologic disease, and current immune reconstitution therapies.
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Spranger S, Koblish HK, Horton B, Scherle PA, Newton R, Gajewski TF. Mechanism of tumor rejection with doublets of CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, or IDO blockade involves restored IL-2 production and proliferation of CD8(+) T cells directly within the tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2014; 2:3. [PMID: 24829760 PMCID: PMC4019906 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blockade of immune inhibitory pathways is emerging as an important therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. Single agent treatments have partial anti-tumor activity in preclinical models and in human cancer patients. Inasmuch as the tumor microenvironment shows evidence of multiple immune inhibitory mechanisms present concurrently, it has been reasoned that combination therapies may be required for optimal therapeutic effect. METHODS To test this notion, we utilized permutations of anti-CTLA-4 mAb, anti-PD-L1 mAb, and/or the IDO inhibitor INCB23843 in the murine B16.SIY melanoma model. RESULTS All three combinations showed markedly improved tumor control over single treatments, with many mice achieving complete tumor rejection. This effect was seen in the absence of vaccination or adoptive T cell therapy. The mechanism of synergy was investigated to examine the priming versus effector phase of the anti-tumor immune response. Only a minimal increase in priming of anti-tumor T cells was observed at early time points in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLN). In contrast, as early as three days after therapy initiation, a marked increase in the capacity of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells to produce IL-2 and to proliferate was found in all groups treated with the effective combinations. Treatment of mice with FTY720 to block new T cell trafficking from secondary lymphoid structures still enabled restoration of IL-2 production and proliferation by intratumoral T cells, and also retained most of the tumor growth control. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the therapeutic effect of these immunotherapies was mainly mediated through direct reactivation of T cells in situ. These three combinations are attractive to pursue clinically, and the ability of intratumoral CD8(+) T cells to produce IL-2 and to proliferate could be an important biomarker to integrate into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Spranger
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Brendan Horton
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Mehling M, Fritz S, Hafner P, Eichin D, Yonekawa T, Klimkait T, Lindberg RLP, Kappos L, Hess C. Preserved antigen-specific immune response in patients with multiple sclerosis responding to IFNβ-therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78532. [PMID: 24223820 PMCID: PMC3818403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-beta (IFNβ) regulates the expression of a complex set of pro- as well as anti-inflammatory genes. In cohorts of MS patients unstratified for therapeutic response to IFNβ, normal vaccine-specific immune responses have been observed. Data capturing antigen-specific immune responses in cohorts of subjects defined by response to IFNβ-therapy are not available. Objective To assess antigen-specific immune responses in a cohort of MS patients responding clinically and radiologically to IFNβ. Methods In 26 MS patients, clinical and MRI disease activity were assessed before and under treatment with IFNβ. Humoral and cellular immune response to influenza vaccine was prospectively characterized in these individuals, and 33 healthy controls by influenza-specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Spot Technique (ELISPOT). Results Related to pre-treatment disease activity, IFNβ reduced clinical and radiological MS disease-activity. Following influenza vaccination, frequencies of influenza-specific T cells and concentrations of anti-influenza A and B IgM and IgG increased comparably in MS-patients and in healthy controls. Conclusions By showing in a cohort of MS-patients responding to IFNβ vaccine-specific immune responses comparable to controls, this study indicates that antigen-specific immune responses can be preserved under successful IFNβ-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mehling
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroimmunology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Fritz
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Hafner
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroimmunology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Eichin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomomi Yonekawa
- Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Klimkait
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raija L. P. Lindberg
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroimmunology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroimmunology Laboratory/Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CH); (LK)
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CH); (LK)
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Defective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) phosphorylation exacerbates TH17-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:1166-72. [PMID: 24076635 PMCID: PMC4014310 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs into systemic circulation. Sphingosine phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist, FTY-720 (Gilenya™) arrests immune trafficking and prevents multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. However, alternative mechanisms of S1P-S1P1 signaling have been reported. Phosphoproteomic analysis of MS brain lesions revealed S1P1 phosphorylation on S351, a residue crucial for receptor internalization. Mutant mice harboring a S1pr1 gene encoding phosphorylation-deficient receptors [S1P1(S5A)] developed severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) due to T helper (TH) 17-mediated autoimmunity in the peripheral immune and nervous system. S1P1 directly activated Janus-like kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK-STAT3) pathway via interleukin 6 (IL-6). Impaired S1P1 phosphorylation enhances TH17 polarization and exacerbates autoimmune neuroinflammation. These mechanisms may be pathogenic in MS.
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Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in trafficking and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2013; 20:281-8. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e3283606090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: assessment of expression and role in cell migration. J Transl Med 2013; 93:462-71. [PMID: 23419711 PMCID: PMC3612140 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), a neoplasm of abnormal B lymphocytes (Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells), has been described to have a typical pattern of clinical presentation and dissemination often involving functionally contiguous lymph nodes. Despite the progress made in understanding CHL pathophysiology, the factors that regulate the spread of lymphoma cells in CHL are poorly understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid present at high concentrations in the plasma and lymphatic fluid, is known to have a critical role in regulating lymphocyte trafficking mainly through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). In this study, we explore the role of the S1P-S1PR1 axis in Hodgkin lymphoma cell migration and the expression of S1PR1 in CHL cell lines and clinical cases. We found that S1PR1 is present in the KM-H2 and SUP-HD1 Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines at the mRNA and protein level. In addition, functionally, S1P potently stimulated migration of both cell lines. S1P-induced migration was inhibited by the S1PR1 antagonist, VPC44116, and the S1PR1 functional antagonist, FTY720-P, but was potentiated by the S1PR2-specific antagonist, JTE013. We also determined that S1PR1 induced migration in the KM-H2 and SUP-HD1 cells via the heterotrimeric G-protein Gi and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway. Immunohistochemical assessment of the tissue from CHL samples revealed that a subset of cases (7/57; 12%) show strong, membranous staining for S1PR1 in HRS cells. Altogether, our data indicate that S1PR1 is a functional receptor on HRS cells, which governs tumor cell migration and is expressed in a subset of CHL cases. Given the availability of S1PR1 antagonists, some of which are used clinically for modulation of the immune system, these results suggest that S1PR1 could be a future therapeutic target in the treatment of those cases of S1PR1-positive, refractory/recurrent CHL.
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Moriue T, Igarashi J, Yoneda K, Hashimoto T, Nakai K, Kosaka H, Kubota Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate attenuates peroxide-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells culturedin vitro. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:638-45. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Moriue
- Departments of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawal; Japan
| | - J. Igarashi
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - K. Yoneda
- Departments of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawal; Japan
| | - T. Hashimoto
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - K. Nakai
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - H. Kosaka
- Cardiovascular Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawa; Japan
| | - Y. Kubota
- Departments of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; Kagawa University; Kagawal; Japan
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Reichardt P, Patzak I, Jones K, Etemire E, Gunzer M, Hogg N. A role for LFA-1 in delaying T-lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes. EMBO J 2013; 32:829-43. [PMID: 23443048 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes use the integrin leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) to cross the vasculature into lymph nodes (LNs), but it has been uncertain whether their migration within LN is also LFA-1 dependent. We show that LFA-1 mediates prolonged LN residence as LFA-1(-/-) CD4 T cells have significantly decreased dwell times compared with LFA-1(+/+) T cells, a distinction lost in hosts lacking the major LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1. Intra-vital two-photon microscopy revealed that LFA-1(+/+) and LFA-1(-/-) T cells reacted differently when probing the ICAM-1-expressing lymphatic network. While LFA-1(+/+) T cells returned to the LN parenchyma with greater frequency, LFA-1(-/-) T cells egressed promptly. This difference in exit behaviour was a feature of egress through all assessed lymphatic exit sites. We show that use of LFA-1 as an adhesion receptor amplifies the number of T cells returning to the LN parenchyma that can lead to increased effectiveness of T-cell response to antigen. Thus, we identify a novel function for LFA-1 in guiding T cells at the critical point of LN egress when they either exit or return into the LN for further interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reichardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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García-Bernal D, Redondo-Muñoz J, Dios-Esponera A, Chèvre R, Bailón E, Garayoa M, Arellano-Sánchez N, Gutierrez NC, Hidalgo A, García-Pardo A, Teixidó J. Sphingosine-1-phosphate activates chemokine-promoted myeloma cell adhesion and migration involving α4β1 integrin function. J Pathol 2013; 229:36-48. [PMID: 22711564 DOI: 10.1002/path.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myeloma cell adhesion dependent on α4β1 integrin is crucial for the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). The α4β1-dependent myeloma cell adhesion is up-regulated by the chemokine CXCL12, and pharmacological blockade of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 leads to defective myeloma cell homing to bone marrow (BM). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates immune cell trafficking upon binding to G-protein-coupled receptors. Here we show that myeloma cells express S1P1, a receptor for S1P. We found that S1P up-regulated the α4β1-mediated myeloma cell adhesion and transendothelial migration stimulated by CXCL12. S1P promoted generation of high-affinity α4β1 that efficiently bound the α4β1 ligand VCAM-1, a finding that was associated with S1P-triggered increase in talin-β1 integrin association. Furthermore, S1P cooperated with CXCL12 for enhancement of α4β1-dependent adhesion strengthening and spreading. CXCL12 and S1P activated the DOCK2-Rac1 pathway, which was required for stimulation of myeloma cell adhesion involving α4β1. Moreover, in vivo analyses indicated that S1P contributes to optimizing the interactions of MM cells with the BM microvasculture and for their lodging inside the bone marrow. The regulation of α4β1-dependent adhesion and migration of myeloma cells by CXCL12-S1P combined activities might have important consequences for myeloma disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Programme, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis, the clinical features and pathological correlate for which were first described by Charcot, is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease with unknown etiology and variable clinical evolution. Although neuroinflammation is a descriptive denominator in multiple sclerosis based on histopathological observations, namely the penetration of leukocytes into the central nervous system, the clinical symptoms of relapses, remissions and progressive paralysis are the result of losses of myelin and neurons. In the absence of etiological factors as targets for prevention and therapy, the definition of molecular mechanisms that form the basis of inflammation, demyelination and toxicity for neurons have led to a number of treatments that slow down disease progression in specific patient cohorts, but that do not cure the disease. Current therapies are directed to block the immune processes, both innate and adaptive, that are associated with multiple sclerosis. In this review, we analyze the role of cytokines in the multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and current/future use of them in treatments of multiple sclerosis.
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Tan KW, Yeo KP, Wong FHS, Lim HY, Khoo KL, Abastado JP, Angeli V. Expansion of cortical and medullary sinuses restrains lymph node hypertrophy during prolonged inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4065-80. [PMID: 22430738 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, accumulation of immune cells in activated lymph nodes (LNs), coupled with a transient shutdown in lymphocyte exit, results in dramatic cellular expansion. Counter-regulatory measures to restrain LN expansion must exist and may include re-establishment of lymphocyte egress to steady-state levels. Indeed, we show in a murine model that egress of lymphocytes from LNs was returned to steady-state levels during prolonged inflammation following initial retention. This restoration in lymphocyte egress was supported by a preferential expansion of cortical and medullary sinuses during late inflammation. Cortical and medullary sinus remodeling during late inflammation was dependent on temporal and spatial changes in vascular endothelial growth factor-A distribution. Specifically, its expression was restricted to the subcapsular space of the LN during early inflammation, whereas its expression was concentrated in the paracortical and medullary regions of the LN at later stages. We next showed that this process was mostly driven by the synergistic cross-talk between fibroblastic reticular cells and interstitial flow. Our data shed new light on the biological significance of LN lymphangiogenesis during prolonged inflammation and further underscore the collaborative roles of stromal cells, immune cells, and interstitial flow in modulating LN plasticity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wai Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Sarkisyan G, Cahalan SM, Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Leaf NB, Rosen H. Real-time differential labeling of blood, interstitium, and lymphatic and single-field analysis of vasculature dynamics in vivo. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1460-8. [PMID: 22357735 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00382.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are highly organized structures specialized for efficient regulation of adaptive immunity. The blood and lymphatic systems within a lymph node play essential roles by providing functionally distinct environments for lymphocyte entry and egress, respectively. Direct imaging and measurement of vascular microenvironments by intravital multiphoton microscopy provide anatomical and mechanistic insights into the essential events of lymphocyte trafficking. Lymphocytes, blood endothelial cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells express sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, a key G protein-coupled receptor regulating cellular egress and a modulator of endothelial permeability. Here we report the development of a differential vascular labeling (DVL) technique in which a single intravenous injection of a fluorescent dextran, in combination with fluorescent semiconductor quantum dot particles, differentially labels multiple blood and lymphatic compartments in a manner dependent on the size of the fluorescent particle used. Thus DVL allows measurement of endothelial integrity in multiple vascular compartments and the affects or pharmacological manipulation in vascular integrity. In addition, this technique allows for real-time observation of lymphocyte trafficking across physiological barriers differentiated by DVL. Last, single-field fluid movement dynamics can be derived, allowing for the simultaneous determination of fluid flow rates in diverse blood and lymphatic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gor Sarkisyan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. (MEM-L55), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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45
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Tang X, Tian L, Esteso G, Choi SC, Barrow AD, Colonna M, Borrego F, Coligan JE. Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1-deficient mice have an altered immune cell phenotype. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:548-58. [PMID: 22156345 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking of the collagen binding receptor leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) in vitro delivers an inhibitory signal that is able to downregulate activation-mediated signals. To study the in vivo function of LAIR-1, we generated LAIR-1(-/-) mice. They are healthy and fertile and have normal longevity; however, they show certain phenotypic characteristics distinct from wild-type mice, including increased numbers of splenic B, regulatory T, and dendritic cells. As LAIR-1(-/-) mice age, the splenic T cell population shows a higher frequency of activated and memory T cells. Because LAIR-1(+/+) and LAIR-1(-/-) T cells traffic with equal proficiency to peripheral lymphoid organs, this is not likely due to abnormal T lymphocyte trafficking. LAIR-1(-/-) mice have lower serum levels of IgG1 and, in response to T-dependent immunization with trinitrophenyl-OVA, switch less efficiently to Ag specific IgG2a and IgG2b, whereas switching to IgG1 is not affected. Several mouse disease models, including experimental autoimmune encephalitis and colitis, were used to examine the effect of LAIR-1 deficiency, and no differences in the responses of LAIR-1(-/-) and LAIR-1(+/+) mice were observed. Taken together, these observations indicate that LAIR-1 plays a role in regulating immune cells and suggest that any adverse effects of its absence may be balanced in vivo by other inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tang
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Current status of the immunomodulation and immunomediated therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2012:970789. [PMID: 22203863 PMCID: PMC3235500 DOI: 10.1155/2012/970789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and CD4(+) T cells form the core immunopathogenic cascade leading to chronic inflammation. Traditionally, Th1 cells (interferon-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells) driven by interleukin 12 (IL12) were considered to be the encephalitogenic T cells in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Currently, Th17 cells (Il17-producing CD4(+) T cells) are considered to play a fundamental role in the immunopathogenesis of EAE. This paper highlights the growing evidence that Th17 cells play the core role in the complex adaptive immunity of EAE/MS and discusses the roles of the associated immune cells and cytokines. These constitute the modern immunological basis for the development of novel clinical and preclinical immunomodulatory therapies for MS discussed in this paper.
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47
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Blaho VA, Hla T. Regulation of mammalian physiology, development, and disease by the sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6299-320. [PMID: 21939239 PMCID: PMC3216694 DOI: 10.1021/cr200273u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Blaho
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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48
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Zhi L, Kim P, Thompson BD, Pitsillides C, Bankovich AJ, Yun SH, Lin CP, Cyster JG, Wu MX. FTY720 blocks egress of T cells in part by abrogation of their adhesion on the lymph node sinus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2244-51. [PMID: 21788441 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Egress of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissues is a complex process in which Gαi-mediated signals play a decisive role. We show here that although FTY720, an agonist of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)(1) receptor, induces S1P(1) receptor internalization sufficiently in the presence or absence of Gαi2 or Gαi3, the drug blocks egress of wild-type (WT) and Gαi3-deficent T cells, but not Gαi2-deficient T cells, in both WT and Gαi2-deficient hosts. Intravital imaging of lymph nodes revealed that all three groups of T cells approached and engaged cortical sinusoids similarly in the presence or absence of FTY720. The cells also entered and departed the sinus at an almost identical frequency in the absence of the drug. However, after engagement of the sinus, most WT and Gαi3-deficient T cells retracted and migrated back into the parenchyma in FTY720-treated animals, due to a failure of the cells to establish adhesion on the sinus, whereas Gαi2-deficient T cells adhered firmly on the sinus, which prevented their retraction, facilitating their transmigration of the lymphatic endothelial barrier. These data confirm egress of Gαi2(-/-) T cells independent of S1P-mediated chemotaxis and failure of FTY720 to close lymphatic stromal channels and argue for the first time, to our knowledge, that FTY720 induces lymphopenia in part by impairing T cell adhesion to the sinus in a manner dependent on Gαi2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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49
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CD69 modulates sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced migration of skin dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1503-12. [PMID: 21412255 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the role of CD69, an early inducible leukocyte activation receptor, in murine dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, maturation, and migration. Skin DCs and DC subsets present in mouse lymphoid organs express CD69 in response to maturation stimuli. Using a contact sensitization model, we show that skin DCs migrated more efficiently to draining lymph nodes (LNs) in the absence of CD69. This was confirmed by subcutaneous transfer of CD69-/- DCs, which presented an increased migration to peripheral LNs. Two-photon microscopy analysis showed that once DCs reached the LNs, CD69 deficiency did not alter DC interstitial motility in the LNs. Chemotaxis to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was enhanced in CD69-/- DCs compared with wild-type DCs. Accordingly, we detected a higher expression of S1P receptor type-1 (S1P(1)) by CD69-/- DCs, whereas S1P(3) expression levels were similar in wild-type and CD69-/- DCs. Moreover, in vivo treatment with S1P analogs SEW2871 and FTY720 during skin sensitization reduced skin DC migration to peripheral LNs. These results suggest that CD69 regulates S1P-induced skin DC migration by modulating S1P(1) function. Together, our findings increase our knowledge on DC trafficking patterns in the skin, enabling the development of new directed therapies using DCs for antigen (Ag) delivery.
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50
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Xia P, Wadham C. Sphingosine 1-phosphate, a key mediator of the cytokine network: juxtacrine signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 22:45-53. [PMID: 21051273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite, which has emerged as an important signaling mediator participating in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. The discovery of a family of S1P receptors, together with the more recently identified intracellular targets, has provided fundamental understanding of the multi-faceted actions of S1P. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies has implicated the S1P signaling system in the control of immunity, inflammation and many associated diseases. Enigmatically, S1P appears to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the cell context. Here, we review this emerging area and argue for a pivotal role for S1P, as a key mediator of the cytokine network, acting through juxtacrine signaling in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School University of Sydney, Australia.
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