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Sulimai N, Brown J, Lominadze D. The Effect of Reduced Fibrinogen on Cerebrovascular Permeability during Traumatic Brain Injury in Fibrinogen Gene Heterozygous Knockout Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:385. [PMID: 38672403 PMCID: PMC11048347 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a term referring to all types of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease-related cognitive decline, spanning many neuroinflammatory diseases including traumatic brain injury (TBI). This becomes particularly important during mild-to-moderate TBI (m-mTBI), which is characterized by short-term memory (STM) decline. Enhanced cerebrovascular permeability for proteins is typically observed during m-mTBI. We have previously shown that an increase in the blood content of fibrinogen (Fg) during m-mTBI results in enhanced cerebrovascular permeability. Primarily extravasated via a transcellular pathway, Fg can deposit into the parenchyma and exacerbate inflammatory reactions that can lead to neurodegeneration, resulting in cognitive impairment. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a chronic reduction in Fg concentration in blood on cerebrovascular permeability and the interactions of extravasated Fg with astrocytes and neurons. Cortical contusion injury (CCI) was used to generate m-mTBI in transgenic mice with a deleted Fg γ chain (Fg γ+/-), resulting in a low blood content of Fg, and in control C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice. Cerebrovascular permeability was tested in vivo. Interactions of Fg with astrocytes and neurons and the expression of neuronal nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) were assessed via immunohistochemistry. The results showed that 14 days after CCI, there was less cerebrovascular permeability, lower extravascular deposition of Fg, less activation of astrocytes, less colocalization of Fg with neurons, and lower expression of neuronal pro-inflammatory NF-кB in Fg γ+/- mice compared to that found in WT mice. Combined, our data provide strong evidence that increased Fg extravasation, and its resultant extravascular deposition, triggers astrocyte activation and leads to potential interactions of Fg with neurons, resulting in the overexpression of neuronal NF-кB. These effects suggest that reduced blood levels of Fg can be beneficial in mitigating the STM reduction seen in m-mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jason Brown
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.S.); (J.B.)
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.S.); (J.B.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Stoner A, Fu L, Nicholson L, Zheng C, Toyonaga T, Spurrier J, Laird W, Cai Z, Strittmatter SM. Neuronal transcriptome, tau and synapse loss in Alzheimer's knock-in mice require prion protein. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:201. [PMID: 37968719 PMCID: PMC10647125 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of Alzheimer's disease leads to synapse loss, neural network dysfunction and cognitive failure. Accumulation of protein aggregates and brain immune activation have triggering roles in synaptic failure but the neuronal mechanisms underlying synapse loss are unclear. On the neuronal surface, cellular prion protein (PrPC) is known to be a high-affinity binding site for Amyloid-β oligomers (Aβo). However, PrPC's dependence in knock-in AD models for tau accumulation, transcriptomic alterations and imaging biomarkers is unknown. METHODS The necessity of PrPC was examined as a function of age in homozygous AppNL-G-F/hMapt double knock-in mice (DKI). Phenotypes of AppNL-G-F/hMapt mice with a deletion of Prnp expression (DKI; Prnp-/-) were compared with DKI mice with intact Prnp, mice with a targeted deletion of Prnp (Prnp-/-), and mice with intact Prnp (WT). Phenotypes examined included behavioral deficits, synapse loss by PET imaging, synapse loss by immunohistology, tau pathology, gliosis, inflammatory markers, and snRNA-seq transcriptomic profiling. RESULTS By 9 months age, DKI mice showed learning and memory impairment, but DKI; Prnp-/- and Prnp-/- groups were indistinguishable from WT. Synapse loss in DKI brain, measured by [18F]SynVesT-1 SV2A PET or anti-SV2A immunohistology, was prevented by Prnp deletion. Accumulation of Tau phosphorylated at aa 217 and 202/205, C1q tagging of synapses, and dystrophic neurites were all increased in DKI mice but each decreased to WT levels with Prnp deletion. In contrast, astrogliosis, microgliosis and Aβ levels were unchanged between DKI and DKI; Prnp-/- groups. Single-nuclei transcriptomics revealed differential expression in neurons and glia of DKI mice relative to WT. For DKI; Prnp-/- mice, the majority of neuronal genes differentially expressed in DKI mice were no longer significantly altered relative to WT, but most glial DKI-dependent gene expression changes persisted. The DKI-dependent neuronal genes corrected by Prnp deletion associated bioinformatically with synaptic function. Additional genes were uniquely altered only in the Prnp-/- or the DKI; Prnp-/- groups. CONCLUSIONS Thus, PrPC-dependent synapse loss, phospho-tau accumulation and neuronal gene expression in AD mice can be reversed without clearing Aβ plaque or preventing gliotic reaction. This supports targeting the Aβo-PrPC interaction to prevent Aβo-neurotoxicity and pathologic tau accumulation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Stoner
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - LaShae Nicholson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chao Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua Spurrier
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Will Laird
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Sulimai N, Brown J, Lominadze D. Vascular Effects on Cerebrovascular Permeability and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040648. [PMID: 37189395 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and glial cells in the brain are protected by the blood brain barrier (BBB). The local regulation of blood flow is determined by neurons and signal conducting cells called astrocytes. Although alterations in neurons and glial cells affect the function of neurons, the majority of effects are coming from other cells and organs of the body. Although it seems obvious that effects beginning in brain vasculature would play an important role in the development of various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathologies, significant interest has only been directed to the possible mechanisms involved in the development of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) for the last decade. Presently, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke applies considerable attention toward research related to VCID and vascular impairments during Alzheimer's disease. Thus, any changes in cerebral vessels, such as in blood flow, thrombogenesis, permeability, or others, which affect the proper vasculo-neuronal connection and interaction and result in neuronal degeneration that leads to memory decline should be considered as a subject of investigation under the VCID category. Out of several vascular effects that can trigger neurodegeneration, changes in cerebrovascular permeability seem to result in the most devastating effects. The present review emphasizes the importance of changes in the BBB and possible mechanisms primarily involving fibrinogen in the development and/or progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases resulting in memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jason Brown
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Lizama BN, Kahle J, Catalano SM, Caggiano AO, Grundman M, Hamby ME. Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076251. [PMID: 37047224 PMCID: PMC10093856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet medical need to develop disease-modifying treatment options for individuals with age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The sigma-2 receptor (S2R), encoded by TMEM97, is expressed in brain and retinal cells, and regulates cell functions via its co-receptor progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and through other protein–protein interactions. Studies describing functions of S2R involve the manipulation of expression or pharmacological modulation using exogenous small-molecule ligands. These studies demonstrate that S2R modulates key pathways involved in age-related diseases including autophagy, trafficking, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β and α-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, S2R modulation can ameliorate functional deficits in cell-based and animal models of disease. This review summarizes the current evidence-based understanding of S2R biology and function, and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, α-synucleinopathies, and dry age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, LLC., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mary E. Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Liu Y, Wei X, Wu M, Zhang K, Liu Y, Wei W. Inhibition of mGluR5/PI3K-AKT Pathway Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology Through the Activation of Autophagy in 5XFAD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1197-1214. [PMID: 36565127 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is widely expressed in postsynaptic neurons and plays a vital role in the synaptic plasticity of the central nervous system. mGluR5 is a coreceptor for amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer, and downregulation or pharmacological blockade of mGluR5 presents the therapeutic potential of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the abnormality of mGluR5 in the pathogenesis of AD and its mechanism of pathology is not clear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we would like to investigate the expression of mGluR5 in the process of AD and explore the effects and the underlying mechanisms of antagonizing mGluR5 on cognitive function, synaptic structure, and inflammation in 5xFAD mice. METHODS mGluR5 expression and interactions with PrPc in 5XFAD mice were detected using western blot and co-immunoprecipitation. The selective mGluR5 antagonist MPEP was infused into 4-month-old 5XFAD mice for 60 consecutive days. Then, cognitive function, AD-like pathology and synaptic structure were measured. Further observations were made in mGluR5 knockdown 5XFAD mice. RESULTS mGluR5 expression was increased with Aβ levels at 6 months in 5XFAD mice. mGluR5 antagonist rescued cognitive disorders, promoted synaptic recovery, and alleviated both the Aβ plaque load and abnormal hyperphosphorylation in 6-month-old 5XFAD mice. Meanwhile, the results were validated in mGluR5 knockdown mice. Blockade of mGluR5 efficiently alleviates AD-like pathologies by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activates autophagy in 5XFAD mice. Furthermore, antagonism of mGluR5 attenuated neuroinflammation by inactivating the IKK/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mGluR5 may be an effective drug target for AD treatment, and inhibition of the mGluR5/PI3K-AKT pathway alleviates AD-like pathology by activating autophagy and anti-neuroinflammation in 5XFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Wei
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meijian Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Municipaland Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target &Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Grimaldi I, Leser FS, Janeiro JM, da Rosa BG, Campanelli AC, Romão L, Lima FRS. The multiple functions of PrP C in physiological, cancer, and neurodegenerative contexts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1405-1425. [PMID: 36056255 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a highly conserved glycoprotein, present both anchored in the cell membrane and soluble in the extracellular medium. It has a diversity of ligands and is variably expressed in numerous tissues and cell subtypes, most notably in the central nervous system (CNS). Its importance has been brought to light over the years both under physiological conditions, such as embryogenesis and immune system homeostasis, and in pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. During development, PrPC plays an important role in CNS, participating in axonal growth and guidance and differentiation of glial cells, but also in other organs such as the heart, lung, and digestive system. In diseases, PrPC has been related to several types of tumors, modulating cancer stem cells, enhancing malignant properties, and inducing drug resistance. Also, in non-neoplastic diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, PrPC seems to alter the dynamics of neurotoxic aggregate formation and, consequently, the progression of the disease. In this review, we explore in detail the multiple functions of this protein, which proved to be relevant for understanding the dynamics of organism homeostasis, as well as a promising target in the treatment of both neoplastic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Grimaldi
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saceanu Leser
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Marcos Janeiro
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Gomes da Rosa
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Campanelli
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Romão
- Cell Morphogenesis Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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7
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Liu S, Li S, Lin J, Li J, Yang H. Aptamer-Induced-Dimerization Strategy Attenuates AβO Toxicity through Modulating the Trophic Activity of PrP C Signaling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9264-9270. [PMID: 35583938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) mainly focus on amyloid β oligomer (AβO) formation or clearance. However, most of them have failed to yield good clinical results. There is an urgent need to explore an alternative therapeutic target for AD treatments. Recent studies have indicated that the cellular prion protein (PrPC) is one of the cell-surface receptors of AβO that mediates related neurotoxicity. Besides, as a neuroprotective protein, the dimerization of PrPC seems to be critical for its trophic activity. We presume that modulating PrPC receptor activity could be another potential approach to abrogate AβO toxicity. In the present work, using an aptamer-induced dimerization (AID) strategy, we enforce PrPC dimerization and modulate its neurotrophic signaling. The AID strategy can attenuate AβO toxic action by (i) interfering with AβO-PrPC interaction and promoting neuroprotective shedding of PrPC; (ii) preventing the AβO-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the caspase-3-induced apoptosis; and (iii) reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and relieving the neuroinflammation microenvironment. Our findings suggest that the strategy targeting PrPC signaling may shed light on validating new therapeutic strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jirong Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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8
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Arad E, Jelinek R, Rapaport H. Amyloid fishing: β-Amyloid adsorption using tailor-made coated titania nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112374. [PMID: 35121429 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidoses are a family of diseases characterized by abnormal protein folding that leads to fibril aggregates, amyloids. Extensive research efforts are devoted to developing inhibitors to amyloid aggregates. Here we set to explore functionalized titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as potential amyloid inhibiting agents. TiO2 NPs were coated by a catechol derivative, dihydroxy-phenylalanine propanoic acid (DPA), and further conjugated to the amyloids' specific dye Congo-Red (CR). TiO2-DPA-CR NPs were found to target mature fibrils of β-amyloid (Aβ). Moreover, coated NPs incubated with Aβ proteins suppressed amyloid fibrillation. TiO2-DPA-CR were found to target amyloids in solution and induce their sedimentation upon centrifugation. This work demonstrates the potential utilization of TiO2-DPA NPs for labeling and facilely separating from solution mature amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Arad
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Hanna Rapaport
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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9
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Mohammadi B, Song F, Matamoros-Angles A, Shafiq M, Damme M, Puig B, Glatzel M, Altmeppen HC. Anchorless risk or released benefit? An updated view on the ADAM10-mediated shedding of the prion protein. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:215-234. [PMID: 35084572 PMCID: PMC10113312 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is a broadly expressed glycoprotein linked with a multitude of (suggested) biological and pathological implications. Some of these roles seem to be due to constitutively generated proteolytic fragments of the protein. Among them is a soluble PrP form, which is released from the surface of neurons and other cell types by action of the metalloprotease ADAM10 in a process termed 'shedding'. The latter aspect is the focus of this review, which aims to provide a comprehensive overview on (i) the relevance of proteolytic processing in regulating cellular PrP functions, (ii) currently described involvement of shed PrP in neurodegenerative diseases (including prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease), (iii) shed PrP's expected roles in intercellular communication in many more (patho)physiological conditions (such as stroke, cancer or immune responses), (iv) and the need for improved research tools in respective (future) studies. Deeper mechanistic insight into roles played by PrP shedding and its resulting fragment may pave the way for improved diagnostics and future therapeutic approaches in diseases of the brain and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Working Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology (INI Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Feizhi Song
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Crestini A, Santilli F, Martellucci S, Carbone E, Sorice M, Piscopo P, Mattei V. Prions and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:503-518. [PMID: 34864675 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Specific protein misfolding and aggregation are mechanisms underlying various neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The misfolded proteins are involved in prions, amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein disorders; they share common structural, biological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as similar mechanisms of aggregation and self-propagation. Pathological features of AD include the appearance of plaques consisting of deposition of protein Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles formed by the hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Although it is not clear how protein aggregation leads to AD, we are learning that the cellular prion protein (PrPC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, we first examined the pathogenesis of prion and AD with a focus on the contribution of PrPC to the development of AD. We analyzed the mechanisms that lead to the formation of a high affinity bond between Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and PrPC. Also, we studied the role of PrPC as an AβO receptor that initiates an AβO-induced signal cascade involving mGluR5, Fyn, Pyk2, and eEF2K linking Aβ and tau pathologies, resulting in the death of neurons in the central nervous system. Finally, we have described how the PrPC-AβOs interaction can be used as a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PrPC-dependent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy
| | - Elena Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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11
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Linsenmeier L, Mohammadi B, Shafiq M, Frontzek K, Bär J, Shrivastava AN, Damme M, Song F, Schwarz A, Da Vela S, Massignan T, Jung S, Correia A, Schmitz M, Puig B, Hornemann S, Zerr I, Tatzelt J, Biasini E, Saftig P, Schweizer M, Svergun D, Amin L, Mazzola F, Varani L, Thapa S, Gilch S, Schätzl H, Harris DA, Triller A, Mikhaylova M, Aguzzi A, Altmeppen HC, Glatzel M. Ligands binding to the prion protein induce its proteolytic release with therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj1826. [PMID: 34818048 PMCID: PMC8612689 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrPC) is a central player in neurodegenerative diseases, such as prion diseases or Alzheimer’s disease. In contrast to disease-promoting cell surface PrPC, extracellular fragments act neuroprotective by blocking neurotoxic disease-associated protein conformers. Fittingly, PrPC release by the metalloprotease ADAM10 represents a protective mechanism. We used biochemical, cell biological, morphological, and structural methods to investigate mechanisms stimulating this proteolytic shedding. Shed PrP negatively correlates with prion conversion and is markedly redistributed in murine brain in the presence of prion deposits or amyloid plaques, indicating a sequestrating activity. PrP-directed ligands cause structural changes in PrPC and increased shedding in cells and organotypic brain slice cultures. As an exception, some PrP-directed antibodies targeting repetitive epitopes do not cause shedding but surface clustering, endocytosis, and degradation of PrPC. Both mechanisms may contribute to beneficial actions described for PrP-directed ligands and pave the way for new therapeutic strategies against currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Linsenmeier
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bär
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amulya N. Shrivastava
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Feizhi Song
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schwarz
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania Massignan
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angela Correia
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Emiliano Biasini
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Dmitri Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ladan Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Mazzola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simrika Thapa
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hermann Schätzl
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antoine Triller
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hermann C. Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Li R, Ren M, Yu Y. Anti-PrP monoclonal antibody as a novel treatment for neurogenesis in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2365. [PMID: 34672433 PMCID: PMC8613428 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment, memory decline, and language disorder for which there is no effective treatment. Neurogenesis has been indicated in AD and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Targeting this pathway is a new idea for the treatment of the disease. A recent study reveals that the cellular prion protein (PrP), a receptor for Aβ oligomers, regulates neurogenesis, and its elevated expression is related to cell differentiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 6D11 (PrP monoclonal antibody) via neurogenesis promotion in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and Aβ-induced cell model of AD. METHODS In the present study, 9-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were injected with 6D11. Then, the Morris water maze was used to examine the spatial learning and memory abilities of the mice in both groups, and immunostained was used to assess the level of Aβ, neurogenesis, and neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiation. RESULTS 6D11 attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which was accompanied by a decrease of the deposition of Aβ. In addition, 6D11 treatment promoted differentiation of the existing hippocampal cells to neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed that 6D11 has a therapeutic effect in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model and Aβ-induced AD cell model, and the effect exerted via increase of neurogenesis and cell differentiation by transduction of Aβ peptide signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of neurology, Shanghai blue cross brain hospital, 2880 Qixin Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201101, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100048, China
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13
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Lao K, Zhang R, Luan J, Zhang Y, Gou X. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Amyloid-β Receptors and Transporters in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1429-1442. [PMID: 33459712 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that has been recognized as one of the most intractable medical problems with heavy social and economic costs. Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been identified as a major factor that participates in AD progression through its neurotoxic effects. The major mechanism of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is by interacting with membrane receptors and subsequent triggering of aberrant cellular signaling. Besides, Aβ transporters also plays an important role by affecting Aβ homeostasis. Thus, these Aβ receptors and transporters are potential targets for the development of AD therapies. Here, we summarize the reported therapeutic strategies targeting Aβ receptors and transporters to provide a molecular basis for future rational design of anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Lao
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ruisan Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing Luan
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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14
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Leggio L, Paternò G, Vivarelli S, Falzone GG, Giachino C, Marchetti B, Iraci N. Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1494-1515. [PMID: 34527424 PMCID: PMC8407885 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population will significantly increase in the next decade and, with it, the proportion of people affected by age-related diseases. Among them, one of the most invalidating is Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by motor- and non-motor dysfunctions which strongly impair the quality of life of affected individuals. PD is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, with consequent dopamine depletion, and the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein aggregates. Although 150 years have passed since PD first description, no effective therapies are currently available, but only palliative treatments. Importantly, PD is often diagnosed when the neuronal loss is elevated, making difficult any therapeutic intervention. In this context, two key challenges remain unanswered: (i) the early diagnosis to avoid the insurgence of irreversible symptoms; and (ii) the reliable monitoring of therapy efficacy. Research strives to identify novel biomarkers for PD diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic follow-up. One of the most promising sources of biomarkers is represented by extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of nanoparticles, released by all cells in the microenvironment. Brain-derived EVs are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, protecting their payload from enzymatic degradation, and are easily recovered from biofluids. Interestingly, EV content is strongly influenced by the specific pathophysiological status of the donor cell. In this manuscript, the role of EVs as source of novel PD biomarkers is discussed, providing all recent findings concerning relevant proteins and miRNAs carried by PD patient-derived EVs, from several biological specimens. Moreover, the contribution of mitochondria-derived EVs will be dissected. Finally, the promising possibility to use EVs as source of markers to monitor PD therapy efficacy will be also examined. In the future, larger cohort studies will help to validate these EV-associated candidates, that might be effectively used as non-invasive and robust source of biomarkers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Greta Paternò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanna G Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Carmela Giachino
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy.
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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15
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Amin L, Harris DA. Aβ receptors specifically recognize molecular features displayed by fibril ends and neurotoxic oligomers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3451. [PMID: 34103486 PMCID: PMC8187732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cell-surface receptors for neurotoxic forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) have been described, but their molecular interactions with Aβ assemblies and their relative contributions to mediating Alzheimer's disease pathology have remained uncertain. Here, we used super-resolution microscopy to directly visualize Aβ-receptor interactions at the nanometer scale. We report that one documented Aβ receptor, PrPC, specifically inhibits the polymerization of Aβ fibrils by binding to the rapidly growing end of each fibril, thereby blocking polarized elongation at that end. PrPC binds neurotoxic oligomers and protofibrils in a similar fashion, suggesting that it may recognize a common, end-specific, structural motif on all of these assemblies. Finally, two other Aβ receptors, FcγRIIb and LilrB2, affect Aβ fibril growth in a manner similar to PrPC. Our results suggest that receptors may trap Aβ oligomers and protofibrils on the neuronal surface by binding to a common molecular determinant on these assemblies, thereby initiating a neurotoxic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Sulimai N, Lominadze D. Fibrinogen and/or Fibrin as a Cause of Neuroinflammation. ONLINE JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND BRAIN DISORDERS 2021; 5:217. [PMID: 34327331 PMCID: PMC8318361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, USA
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, USA
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17
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Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Fazal SA, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. Nutraceuticals and their Derived Nano-formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:23-50. [PMID: 33687906 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210309115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the common chronic neurological disorders and associated with cognitive dysfunction, depression and progressive dementia. Presence of β-amyloid or senile plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangle, oxidative-nitrative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation and derailed neurotransmitter status are the hallmark of AD. Currently, donepezil, memantine, rivastigmine and galantamine are approved by the FDA for symptomatic management. It is well-known that these approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and possess poor patient-compliance. Additionally, various published evidence shows the neuroprotective potential of various nutraceuticals via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the preclinical and clinical studies. These nutraceuticals possess a significant neuroprotective potential and hence, can be a future pharmacotherapeutic for the management and treatment of AD. However, nutraceutical suffers from certain major limitations such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, low stability, fast hepatic-metabolism and larger particle size. These pharmacokinetic attributes restrict their entry into the brain via the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, to over such issues, various nanoformulation of nutraceuticals was developed, that allows their effective delivery into brain owning to reduced particle size, increased lipophilicity increased bioavailability and avoidance of fast hepatic metabolism. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of nutraceuticals with preclinical and clinical evidence, discussed pharmaceutical limitation and regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals to ensure safety and efficacy. We further explored the latitude of various nanoformulation of nutraceuticals as a novel approach to overcome the existing pharmaceutical limitation and for effective delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Syed Abul Fazal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441. Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062. India
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18
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Fibrinogen Interaction with Astrocyte ICAM-1 and PrP C Results in the Generation of ROS and Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052391. [PMID: 33673626 PMCID: PMC7957521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neuroinflammatory diseases, like traumatic brain injury (TBI), are associated with an elevated level of fibrinogen and short-term memory (STM) impairment. We found that during TBI, extravasated fibrinogen deposited in vasculo-astrocyte interfaces, which was associated with neurodegeneration and STM reduction. The mechanisms of this fibrinogen-astrocyte interaction and its functional role in neurodegeneration are still unclear. Cultured mouse brain astrocytes were treated with fibrinogen in the presence or absence of function-blocking antibody or peptide against its astrocyte receptors intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or cellular prion protein (PrPC), respectively. Fibrinogen interactions with astrocytic ICAM-1 and PrPC were characterized. The expression of pro-inflammatory markers, generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in astrocytes, and neuronal death caused by astrocyte-conditioned medium were assessed. Data showed a strong association between fibrinogen and astrocytic ICAM-1 or PrPC, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and overproduction of ROS and NO, resulting in neuronal apoptosis and death. These effects were reduced by blocking the function of astrocytic ICAM-1 and PrPC, suggesting that fibrinogen association with its astrocytic receptors induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in oxidative stress, and ultimately neuronal death. This can be a mechanism of neurodegeneration and the resultant STM reduction seen during TBI.
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19
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Boutajangout A, Zhang W, Kim J, Abdali WA, Prelli F, Wisniewski T. Passive Immunization With a Novel Monoclonal Anti-PrP Antibody TW1 in an Alzheimer's Mouse Model With Tau Pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:640677. [PMID: 33716717 PMCID: PMC7947695 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.640677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are a major pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several studies have shown that amyloid β oligomers (Aβo) and tau oligomers mediate their toxicity, in part, via binding to cellular prion protein (PrPC) and that some anti-PrP antibodies can block this interaction. We have generated a novel monoclonal anti-PrP antibody (TW1) and assessed the efficacy of passive immunization with it in a mouse model of AD with extensive tau pathology: hTau/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. These mice were injected intraperitoneally once a week with TW1 starting at 5 months of age. Behavior was assessed at 8 months of age and brain tissue was subsequently harvested for analysis of treatment efficacy at 9 months. Mice treated with TW1 did not show any significant difference in sensorimotor testing including traverse beam, rotarod, and locomotor activity compared to controls. Significant cognitive benefits were observed with the novel object recognition test (ORT) in the immunized mice (two-tailed, t-test p = 0.0019). Immunized mice also showed cognitive benefits on the closed field symmetrical maze (day 1 two-tailed t-test p = 0.0001; day 2 two-tailed t-test p = 0.0015; day 3 two-tailed t-test p = 0.0002). Reduction of tau pathology was observed with PHF-1 immunohistochemistry in the piriform cortex by 60% (two-tailed t-test p = 0.01) and in the dentate gyrus by 50% (two-tailed t-test p = 0.02) in animals treated with TW1 compared to controls. There were no significant differences in astrogliosis or microgliosis observed between treated and control mice. As assessed by Western blots using PHF-1, the TW1 therapy reduced phosphorylated tau pathology (two-tailed t-test p = 0.03) and improved the ratio of pathological soluble tau to tubulin (PHF1/tubulin; two-tailed t-test p = 0.0006). Reduction of tau pathology also was observed using the CP13 antibody (two-tailed t-test p = 0.0007). These results indicate that passive immunization with the TW1 antibody can significantly decrease tau pathology as assessed by immunohistochemical and biochemical methods, resulting in improved cognitive function in a tau transgenic mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allal Boutajangout
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education) Shanghai, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Justin Kim
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wed Ali Abdali
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Grayson JD, Baumgartner MP, Santos Souza CD, Dawes SJ, El Idrissi IG, Louth JC, Stimpson S, Mead E, Dunbar C, Wolak J, Sharman G, Evans D, Zhuravleva A, Roldan MS, Colabufo NA, Ning K, Garwood C, Thomas JA, Partridge BM, de la Vega de Leon A, Gillet VJ, Rauter AP, Chen B. Amyloid binding and beyond: a new approach for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery targeting Aβo-PrP C binding and downstream pathways. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3768-3785. [PMID: 34163650 PMCID: PMC8179515 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β oligomers (Aβo) are the main toxic species in Alzheimer's disease, which have been targeted for single drug treatment with very little success. In this work we report a new approach for identifying functional Aβo binding compounds. A tailored library of 971 fluorine containing compounds was selected by a computational method, developed to generate molecular diversity. These compounds were screened for Aβo binding by a combined 19F and STD NMR technique. Six hits were evaluated in three parallel biochemical and functional assays. Two compounds disrupted Aβo binding to its receptor PrPC in HEK293 cells. They reduced the pFyn levels triggered by Aβo treatment in neuroprogenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Inhibitory effects on pTau production in cortical neurons derived from hiPSC were also observed. These drug-like compounds connect three of the pillars in Alzheimer's disease pathology, i.e. prion, Aβ and Tau, affecting three different pathways through specific binding to Aβo and are, indeed, promising candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brookhill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Matthew P Baumgartner
- Computational Chemistry and Cheminformatics, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | | | - Samuel J Dawes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brookhill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Jennifer C Louth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brookhill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Sasha Stimpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brookhill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Emma Mead
- Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly and Company Erl Wood Windlesham GU20 6PH UK
| | - Charlotte Dunbar
- Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly and Company Erl Wood Windlesham GU20 6PH UK
| | - Joanna Wolak
- Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly and Company Erl Wood Windlesham GU20 6PH UK
| | - Gary Sharman
- Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly and Company Erl Wood Windlesham GU20 6PH UK
| | - David Evans
- Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly and Company Erl Wood Windlesham GU20 6PH UK
| | | | | | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Univ Bari, Biofordrug Via Edoardo Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
- Univ Bari, Dipartimento Farm Sci Farmaco Via Edoardo Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Ke Ning
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2HQ UK
| | - Claire Garwood
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2HQ UK
| | - James A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brookhill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | | | | | | | - Amélia P Rauter
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa ED C8, 5 piso 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Beining Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brookhill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
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21
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Muradashvili N, Charkviani M, Sulimai N, Tyagi N, Crosby J, Lominadze D. Effects of fibrinogen synthesis inhibition on vascular cognitive impairment during traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147208. [PMID: 33248061 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased blood content of fibrinogen (Fg), called hyperfibrinogenemia (HFg), which results in enhanced cerebrovascular permeability and leads to short-term memory (STM) reduction. Previously, we showed that extravasated Fg was deposited in the vasculo-astrocyte interface and was co-localized with cellular prion protein (PrPC) during mild-to-moderate TBI in mice. These effects were accompanied by neurodegeneration and STM reduction. However, there was no evidence presented that the described effects were the direct result of the HFg during TBI. We now present data indicating that inhibition of Fg synthesis can ameliorate TBI-induced cerebrovascular permeability and STM reduction. Cortical contusion injury (CCI) was induced in C57BL/6J mice. Then mice were treated with either Fg antisense oligonucleotide (Fg-ASO) or with control-ASO for two weeks. Cerebrovascular permeability to fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin was assessed in cortical venules following evaluation of STM with memory assessement tests. Separately, brain samples were collected in order to define the expression of PrPC via Western blotting while deposition and co-localization of Fg and PrPC, as well as gene expression of inflammatory marker activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), were characterized with real-time PCR. Results showed that inhibition of Fg synthesis with Fg-ASO reduced overexpression of AFT3, ameliorated enhanced cerebrovascular permeability, decreased expression of PrPC and Fg deposition, decreased formation of Fg-PrPC complexes in brain, and improved STM. These data provide direct evidence that a CCI-induced inflammation-mediated HFg could be a triggering mechanism involved in vascular cognitive impairment seen previously in our studies during mild-to-moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Basic Medicine, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mariam Charkviani
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Surgery, USF Health-Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeff Crosby
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, USF Health-Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Kentucky Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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22
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Chiasseu M, Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Saito T, Saido TC, Strittmatter SM. Gene-environment interaction promotes Alzheimer's risk as revealed by synergy of repeated mild traumatic brain injury and mouse App knock-in. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105059. [PMID: 32858147 PMCID: PMC7572902 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong unmet need for translational progress towards Alzheimer's disease (AD) modifying therapy. Unfortunately, preclinical modeling of the disease has been disappointing, relying primarily on transgenic mouse overexpression of rare dominant mutations. Clinical manifestation of AD symptoms is known to reflect interaction between environmental and genetic risks. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an environmental risk for dementia, including Alzheimer's, but there has been limited mechanistic analysis of mTBI contribution to AD. Here, we investigate the interplay between mTBI and Aβ precursor protein gene mutation in AD pathogenesis. We employed a knock-in (KI) model of AD that expresses the Aß-containing exons from human APP bearing the Swedish and Iberian mutations, namely AppNL-F/NL-F mice. Without environmental risk, this genetic variation yields minimal mouse symptomatology. Anesthetized 4-month-old KI mice and their age-matched wild type (WT) controls were subjected to repeated mild closed head injury (rmCHI), once daily for 14 days. Anesthetized, uninjured genotype- and age-matched mice were used as sham controls. At 3- and 8-months post-injury, amyloid-β, phospho-tau and Iba1 expression in the injured KI cortices were assessed. Our data reveal that rmCHI enhances accumulation of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau inclusions, as well as neuroinflammation in AppNL-F/NL-F mice. Furthermore, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests demonstrated that rmCHI greatly exacerbates persistent cognitive deficits in APPNL-F/NL-F mice. Therefore, study of gene-environment interaction demonstrates that combining risk factors provides a more robust model for AD, and that repeated mTBI substantially accelerates AD pathology in a genetically susceptible situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Chiasseu
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Mizuho-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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23
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Charkviani M, Muradashvili N, Sulimai N, Lominadze D. Fibrinogen-cellular prion protein complex formation on astrocytes. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:536-543. [PMID: 32697670 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00224.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common neurological disorders causing memory reduction, particularly short-term memory (STM). We showed that, during TBI-induced inflammation, increased blood content of fibrinogen (Fg) enhanced vascular protein transcytosis and deposition of extravasated Fg in vasculo-astrocyte interfaces. In addition, we found that deposition of cellular prion protein (PrPC) was also increased in the vasculo-astrocyte endfeet interface. However, association of Fg and PrPC was not confirmed. Presently, we aimed to define whether Fg can associate with PrPC on astrocytes and cause their activation. Cultured mouse brain astrocytes were treated with medium alone (control), Fg (2 mg/mL or 4 mg/mL), 4 mg/mL of Fg in the presence of a function-blocking anti-PrPC peptide or anti-mouse IgG, function-blocking anti-PrPC peptide, or anti-mouse IgG alone. After treatment, either cell lysates were collected and analyzed via Western blot or coimmunoprecipitation was performed, or astrocytes were fixed and their activation was assessed with immunohistochemistry. Results showed that Fg dose-dependently activated astrocytes, increased expressions of PrPC and tyrosine (tropomyosin) receptor kinase B (TrkB), and PrP gene. Blocking the function of PrPC reduced these effects. Coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated Fg and PrPC association. Since it is known that prion protein has a greater effect on memory reduction than amyloid beta, and that activation of TrkB is involved in neurodegeneration, our findings confirming the possible formation of Fg-PrPC and Fg-induced overexpression of TrkB on astrocytes suggest a possible triggering mechanism for STM reduction that was seen previously during mild-to-moderate TBI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time we showed that fibrinogen (Fg) can associate with cellular prion protein (PrPC) on the surface of cultured mouse brain astrocytes. At high levels, Fg causes upregulation of astrocyte PrPC and astrocyte activation accompanied with overexpression of tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), which results in nitric oxide (NO) production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Fg/PrPC interaction can be a triggering mechanism for TrkB-NO-ROS axis activation and the resultant astrocyte-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Charkviani
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Basic Medicine, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Surgery, USF Health-Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Surgery, USF Health-Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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24
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Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Kempuraj D, Raikwar SP, Zaheer S, Iyer S, Zaheer A. Immune Suppression of Glia Maturation Factor Reverses Behavioral Impairment, Attenuates Amyloid Plaque Pathology and Neuroinflammation in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:363-375. [PMID: 32504312 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disorder recognized by accumulation of amyloid-plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and eventually loss of memory. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a neuroinflammatory protein first time isolated and cloned in our laboratory plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. However, no studies have been reported on whether anti-GMF antibody administration could downregulate neuroinflammation and attenuate amyloid pathology in AD brain. We investigated the potential effect of single dose of (2 mg/kg b.wt/mouse) intravenously (iv) injected with anti-GMF antibodyon cognitive function, neuroprotection, neuroinflammation and Aβ load in the brain of 9-month-old 5XFAD mice. Following 4 weeks of anti-GMF antibody delivery in mice, we found reduced expression of GMF, astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and microglial ionizing calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) as well as improvement inneuroinflammatory response via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) production and amyloid pathology in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 region of 5XFAD mice. Correspondingly, blockade of GMF function with anti-GMF antibody improved spatial learning, memory, and long-term recognition memory in 5XFAD mice. The present study demonstrates that the immune checkpoint blockade of GMF function with anti-GMF antibody coordinates anti-inflammatory effects to attenuate neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region of 5XFAD mouse brain. Further, our data suggest, that pharmacological immune neutralization of GMF is a promising neuroprotective strategy totherapeutically target neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD. Graphical Abstract 5XFAD mice Polyclonal anti-GMF antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar Iyer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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25
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Bhute S, Sarmah D, Datta A, Rane P, Shard A, Goswami A, Borah A, Kalia K, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Molecular Pathogenesis and Interventional Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: Promises and Pitfalls. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:472-488. [PMID: 32566913 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by age-related dementia, which has no effective treatment to date. β-Amyloid depositions and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the main pathological hallmarks, along with oxidative stress, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, and low levels of acetylcholine. Current pharmacotherapy for AD only provides symptomatic relief and limited improvement in cognitive functions. Many molecules have been explored that show promising outcomes in AD therapy and can regulate cellular survival through different pathways. To have a vivid approach to strategize the treatment regimen, AD physiopathology should be better explained considering diverse etiological factors in conjunction with biochemical disturbances. This Review attempts to discuss different disease modification approaches and address the novel therapeutic targets of AD that might pave the way for new drug discovery using the well-defined targets for therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikala Bhute
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, United States
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar-382355, Gujarat, India
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26
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Charkviani M, Muradashvili N, Lominadze D. Vascular and non-vascular contributors to memory reduction during traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2860-2876. [PMID: 30793398 PMCID: PMC6703968 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasing health problem. It is a complex, progressive disease that consists of many factors affecting memory. Studies have shown that increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability initiates pathological changes in neuro-vascular network but the role of cerebrovascular dysfunction and its mediated mechanisms associated with memory reduction during TBI are still not well understood. Changes in BBB, inflammation, extravasation of blood plasma components, activation of neuroglia lead to neurodegeneration. Extravasated proteins such as amyloid-beta, fibrinogen, and cellular prion protein may form degradation resistant complexes that can lead to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. They also have the ability to activate astrocytes, and thus, can be involved in memory impairment. Understanding the triggering mechanisms and the places they originate in vasculature or in extravascular tissue may help to identify potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate memory reduction during TBI. The goal of this review is to discuss conceptual mechanisms that lead to short-term memory reduction during non-severe TBI considering distinction between vascular and non-vascular effects on neurons. Some aspects of these mechanisms need to be confirmed further. Therefore, we hope that the discussion presented bellow may lead to experiments that may clarify the triggering mechanisms of memory reduction after head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Charkviani
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Basic Medicine, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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27
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Yu W, Wang Y, Chang W. Cellular Prion Protein as a Receptor of Toxic Amyloid-β42 Oligomers Is Important for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:339. [PMID: 31417361 PMCID: PMC6682659 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include senile plaques induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) protein deposits, neurofibrillary tangles formed by aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and neuronal cell loss in specific position within the brain. Recent observations have suggested the possibility of an association between AD and cellular prion protein (PrP C ) levels. PrP C is a high affinity receptor for oligomeric Aβ and is important for Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and thus plays a critical role in AD pathogenesis. The determination of the relationship between PrP C and AD and the characterization of PrP C binding to Aβ will facilitate the development of novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School for Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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28
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Drummond E, Goñi F, Liu S, Prelli F, Scholtzova H, Wisniewski T. Potential Novel Approaches to Understand the Pathogenesis and Treat Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S299-S312. [PMID: 29562516 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing genetic and proteomic data highlighting the complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Greater use of unbiased "omics" approaches is being increasingly recognized as essential for the future development of effective AD research, that need to better reflect the multiple distinct pathway abnormalities that can drive AD pathology. The track record of success in AD clinical trials thus far has been very poor. In part, this high failure rate has been related to the premature translation of highly successful results in animal models that mirror only limited aspects of AD pathology to humans. We highlight our recent efforts to increase use of human tissue to gain a better understanding of the AD pathogenesis subtype variety and to develop several distinct therapeutic approaches tailored to address this diversity. These therapeutic approaches include the blocking of the Aβ/apoE interaction, stimulation of innate immunity, and the simultaneous blocking of Aβ/tau oligomer toxicity. We believe that future successful therapeutic approaches will need to be combined to better reflect the complexity of the abnormal pathways triggered in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Drummond
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Goñi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Prelli
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrieta Scholtzova
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Kong C, Xie H, Gao Z, Shao M, Li H, Shi R, Cai L, Gao S, Sun T, Li C. Binding between Prion Protein and Aβ Oligomers Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Virol Sin 2019; 34:475-488. [PMID: 31093882 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of evidence suggests that protein misfolding and aggregation are underlying mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Like prion diseases, AD has been considered as an infectious disease in the past decades as it shows strain specificity and transmission potential. Although it remains elusive how protein aggregation leads to AD, it is becoming clear that cellular prion protein (PrPC) plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. Here, we briefly reviewed AD pathogenesis and focused on recent progresses how PrPC contributed to AD development. In addition, we proposed a potential mechanism to explain why infectious agents, such as viruses, conduce AD pathogenesis. Microbe infections cause Aβ deposition and upregulation of PrPC, which lead to high affinity binding between Aβ oligomers and PrPC. The interaction between PrPC and Aβ oligomers in turn activates the Fyn signaling cascade, resulting in neuron death in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, silencing PrPC expression may turn out be an effective treatment for PrPC dependent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Run Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lili Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
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30
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Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Corbett NJ, Rowland HA, Fisher K, Jones AC, Baron J, Howell GJ, Cowley SA, Chintawar S, Cader MZ, Kellett KAB, Hooper NM. Proteolytic shedding of the prion protein via activation of metallopeptidase ADAM10 reduces cellular binding and toxicity of amyloid-β oligomers. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7085-7097. [PMID: 30872401 PMCID: PMC6497954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a key neuronal receptor for β-amyloid oligomers (AβO), mediating their neurotoxicity, which contributes to the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Similarly to the amyloid precursor protein (APP), PrPC is proteolytically cleaved from the cell surface by a disintegrin and metalloprotease, ADAM10. We hypothesized that ADAM10-modulated PrPC shedding would alter the cellular binding and cytotoxicity of AβO. Here, we found that in human neuroblastoma cells, activation of ADAM10 with the muscarinic agonist carbachol promotes PrPC shedding and reduces the binding of AβO to the cell surface, which could be blocked with an ADAM10 inhibitor. Conversely, siRNA-mediated ADAM10 knockdown reduced PrPC shedding and increased AβO binding, which was blocked by the PrPC-specific antibody 6D11. The retinoic acid receptor analog acitretin, which up-regulates ADAM10, also promoted PrPC shedding and decreased AβO binding in the neuroblastoma cells and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Pretreatment with acitretin abolished activation of Fyn kinase and prevented an increase in reactive oxygen species caused by AβO binding to PrPC Besides blocking AβO binding and toxicity, acitretin also increased the nonamyloidogenic processing of APP. However, in the iPSC-derived neurons, Aβ and other amyloidogenic processing products did not exhibit a reciprocal decrease upon acitretin treatment. These results indicate that by promoting the shedding of PrPC in human neurons, ADAM10 activation prevents the binding and cytotoxicity of AβO, revealing a potential therapeutic benefit of ADAM10 activation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- From the Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Nicola J Corbett
- From the Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Helen A Rowland
- From the Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Kate Fisher
- From the Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Alys C Jones
- From the Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Jennifer Baron
- the Flow Cytometry Facility Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, CTF Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Gareth J Howell
- the Flow Cytometry Facility Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, CTF Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Sally A Cowley
- the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE.,the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX
| | - Satyan Chintawar
- the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, and.,the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Zameel Cader
- the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, and.,the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A B Kellett
- From the Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- From the Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT,
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Cox TO, Gunther EC, Brody AH, Chiasseu MT, Stoner A, Smith LM, Haas LT, Hammersley J, Rees G, Dosanjh B, Groves M, Gardener M, Dobson C, Vaughan T, Chessell I, Billinton A, Strittmatter SM. Anti-PrP C antibody rescues cognition and synapses in transgenic alzheimer mice. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:554-574. [PMID: 30911579 PMCID: PMC6414488 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Amyloid-beta oligomers (Aßo) trigger the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Cellular prion protein (PrPC) initiates synaptic damage as a high affinity receptor for Aßo. Here, we evaluated the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of a fully human monoclonal antibody against PrPC. This AZ59 antibody selectively targets the Aβo binding site in the amino-terminal unstructured domain of PrPC to avoid any potential risk of direct toxicity. Methods Potency of AZ59 was evaluated by binding to PrPC, blockade of Aβo interaction and interruption of Aβo signaling. AZ59 was administered to mice by weekly intraperitoneal dosing and brain antibody measured. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were treated with AZ59 and assessed by memory tests, by brain biochemistry and by histochemistry for Aß, gliosis and synaptic density. Results AZ59 binds PrPC with 100 pmol/L affinity and blocks human brain Aßo binding to PrPC, as well as prevents synaptotoxic signaling. Weekly i.p. dosing of 20 mg/kg AZ59 in a murine form achieves trough brain antibody levels greater than 10 nmol/L. Aged symptomatic APP/PS1 transgenic mice treated with AZ59 for 5-7 weeks show a full rescue of behavioral and synaptic loss phenotypes. This recovery occurs without clearance of plaque pathology or elimination of gliosis. AZ59 treatment also normalizes synaptic signaling abnormalities in transgenic brain. These benefits are dose-dependent and persist for at least 1 month after the last dose. Interpretation Preclinical data demonstrate that systemic AZ59 therapy rescues central synapses and memory function from transgenic Alzheimer's disease pathology, supporting a disease-modifying therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O. Cox
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
| | - Erik C. Gunther
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
| | - A. Harrison Brody
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
| | - Marius T. Chiasseu
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
| | - Austin Stoner
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
| | - Levi M. Smith
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
| | - Laura T. Haas
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
| | - Jayne Hammersley
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmuneGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Gareth Rees
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmuneGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Bhupinder Dosanjh
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmuneGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Maria Groves
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmuneGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Matthew Gardener
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmuneGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Claire Dobson
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmuneGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Tristan Vaughan
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmuneGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Iain Chessell
- NeuroscienceIMED Biotech UnitAstraZenecaGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Andrew Billinton
- NeuroscienceIMED Biotech UnitAstraZenecaGranta ParkCambridgeCB21 6GHUK
| | - Stephen M. Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience Neurodegeneration & RepairDepartments of Neurology and of NeuroscienceYale University School of MedicineNew Haven06536Connecticut
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32
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Prion Protein Antagonists Rescue Alzheimer's Amyloid-β-Related Cognitive Deficits. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:74-76. [PMID: 30661727 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that cellular prion protein on neurons bind Alzheimer's amyloid-β oligomers, causing neurotoxic effects. A new article in Cell Reports by Gunther and colleagues (Cell Rep. 2019; 26:145-158) shows that an orally administered cellular prion protein antagonist can rescue synaptic and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's mice overexpressing amyloid-β.
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33
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Le NTT, Wu B, Harris DA. Prion neurotoxicity. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:263-277. [PMID: 30588688 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms underlying prion propagation and infectivity are now well established, the processes accounting for prion toxicity and pathogenesis have remained mysterious. These processes are of enormous clinical relevance as they hold the key to identification of new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we will discuss two broad areas of investigation relevant to understanding prion neurotoxicity. The first is the use of in vitro experimental systems that model key events in prion pathogenesis. In this context, we will describe a hippocampal neuronal culture system we developed that reproduces the earliest pathological alterations in synaptic morphology and function in response to PrPSc . This system has allowed us to define a core synaptotoxic signaling pathway involving the activation of NMDA and AMPA receptors, stimulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and collapse of the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines. The second area concerns a striking and unexpected phenomenon in which certain structural manipulations of the PrPC molecule itself, including introduction of N-terminal deletion mutations or binding of antibodies to C-terminal epitopes, unleash powerful toxic effects in cultured cells and transgenic mice. We will describe our studies of this phenomenon, which led to the recognition that it is related to the induction of large, abnormal ionic currents by the structurally altered PrP molecules. Our results suggest a model in which the flexible N-terminal domain of PrPC serves as a toxic effector which is regulated by intramolecular interactions with the globular C-terminal domain. Taken together, these two areas of study have provided important clues to underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of prion neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, much remains to be done on this next frontier of prion science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat T T Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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34
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Gunther EC, Smith LM, Kostylev MA, Cox TO, Kaufman AC, Lee S, Folta-Stogniew E, Maynard GD, Um JW, Stagi M, Heiss JK, Stoner A, Noble GP, Takahashi H, Haas LT, Schneekloth JS, Merkel J, Teran C, Naderi ZK, Supattapone S, Strittmatter SM. Rescue of Transgenic Alzheimer's Pathophysiology by Polymeric Cellular Prion Protein Antagonists. Cell Rep 2019; 26:145-158.e8. [PMID: 30605671 PMCID: PMC6358723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) binds the scrapie conformation of PrP (PrPSc) and oligomeric β-amyloid peptide (Aβo) to mediate transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. We conducted cellular and biochemical screens for compounds blocking PrPC interaction with Aβo. A polymeric degradant of an antibiotic targets Aβo binding sites on PrPC with low nanomolar affinity and prevents Aβo-induced pathophysiology. We then identified a range of negatively charged polymers with specific PrPC affinity in the low to sub-nanomolar range, from both biological (melanin) and synthetic (poly [4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid], PSCMA) origin. Association of PSCMA with PrPC prevents Aβo/PrPC-hydrogel formation, blocks Aβo binding to neurons, and abrogates PrPSc production by ScN2a cells. We show that oral PSCMA yields effective brain concentrations and rescues APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice from AD-related synapse loss and memory deficits. Thus, an orally active PrPC-directed polymeric agent provides a potential therapeutic approach to address neurodegeneration in AD and TSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Gunther
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Levi M Smith
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mikhail A Kostylev
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Timothy O Cox
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Adam C Kaufman
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Suho Lee
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Ewa Folta-Stogniew
- W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Ji Won Um
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Massimiliano Stagi
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Heiss
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Austin Stoner
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Geoff P Noble
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Laura T Haas
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - John S Schneekloth
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, 600 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Janie Merkel
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, 600 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Christopher Teran
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Zahra K Naderi
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Surachai Supattapone
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
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A bispecific immunotweezer prevents soluble PrP oligomers and abolishes prion toxicity. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007335. [PMID: 30273408 PMCID: PMC6181439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to the prion protein, PrP, represent a promising therapeutic approach against prion diseases but the neurotoxicity of certain anti-PrP antibodies has caused concern. Here we describe scPOM-bi, a bispecific antibody designed to function as a molecular prion tweezer. scPOM-bi combines the complementarity-determining regions of the neurotoxic antibody POM1 and the neuroprotective POM2, which bind the globular domain (GD) and flexible tail (FT) respectively. We found that scPOM-bi confers protection to prion-infected organotypic cerebellar slices even when prion pathology is already conspicuous. Moreover, scPOM-bi prevents the formation of soluble oligomers that correlate with neurotoxic PrP species. Simultaneous targeting of both GD and FT was more effective than concomitant treatment with the individual molecules or targeting the tail alone, possibly by preventing the GD from entering a toxic-prone state. We conclude that simultaneous binding of the GD and flexible tail of PrP results in strong protection from prion neurotoxicity and may represent a promising strategy for anti-prion immunotherapy. Antibody immunotherapy is considered a viable strategy against prion disease. We previously showed that antibodies against the so-called globular domain of Prion Protein (PrP) can cause PrP dependent neurotoxicity; this does not happen for antibodies against the flexible tail of PrP, which therefore ought to be preferred for therapy. Here we show that simultaneous targeting of both globular domain and flexible tail by a bispecific, combination of a toxic and a non-toxic antibody, results in stronger protection against prion toxicity, even if the bispecific is administered when prion pathology is already conspicuous. We hypothesize that neurotoxicity arises from binding to specific “toxicity triggering sites” in the globular domain. We designed our bispecific with two aims: i) occupying one such site and preventing prion or other factors from docking to it and ii) binding to the flexible tail to engage the region of PrP necessary for neurotoxicity. We also show that neurotoxic antibodies cause the formation of soluble PrP oligomers that cause toxicity on PrP expressing cell lines; these are not formed in the presence of prion protective antibodies. We suggest that these soluble species might play a role in prion toxicity, similarly to what is generally agreed to happen in other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Clark VD, Layson A, Charkviani M, Muradashvili N, Lominadze D. Hyperfibrinogenemia-mediated astrocyte activation. Brain Res 2018; 1699:158-165. [PMID: 30153459 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg)-containing plaques are associated with memory loss during various inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. However, mechanisms of its action in neurovascular unit are not clear. As Fg is a high molecular weight blood protein and cannot translocate far from the vessel after extravasation, we hypothesized that it may interact with astrocytes first causing their activation. Cultured mouse cortical astrocytes were treated with Fg in the presence or absence of function-blocking anti-mouse intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) antibody, or with medium alone (control). Expressions of ICAM-1 and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) as markers of astrocyte activation, and phosphorylation of TrkB (pTrkB) were assessed. Fg dose-dependently increased activation of astrocytes defined by their shape change, retraction of processes, and enhanced expressions of ICAM-1 and TrkB, and increased pTrkB. Blocking of ICAM-1 function ameliorated these Fg effects. Data suggest that Fg interacts with astrocytes causing overexpression of ICAM-1 and TrkB, and TrkB phosphorylation, and thus, astrocyte activation. Since TrkB is known to be involved in neurodegeneration, interaction of Fg with astrocytes and the resultant activation of TrkB can be a possible mechanism involved in memory reduction, which were observed in previous studies and were associated with formation of complexes of Fg deposited in extravascular space with proteins such as Amyloid beta or prion, the proteins involved in development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D Clark
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ailey Layson
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mariam Charkviani
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Basic Medicine, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Kentucky Spinal Cord Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Herline K, Drummond E, Wisniewski T. Recent advancements toward therapeutic vaccines against Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:707-721. [PMID: 30005578 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by protein aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. These proteins have normal physiological functions, but in AD, they undergo a conformational change and aggregate as toxic oligomeric and fibrillar species with a high β-sheet content. AREAS COVERED Active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches are among the most attractive methods for targeting misfolded Aβ and tau. Promising preclinical testing of various immunotherapeutic approaches has yet to translate to cognitive benefits in human clinical trials. Knowledge gained from these past failures has led to the development of second-generation Aβ-active immunotherapies, anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies targeting a wide array of Aβ conformations, and to a number of immunotherapies targeting pathological tau. This review covers the more recent advances in vaccine development for AD from 2016 to present. EXPERT COMMENTARY Due to the complex pathophysiology of AD, greatest clinical efficacy will most likely be achieved by concurrently targeting the most toxic forms of both Aβ and tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Herline
- a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,b Departments of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,b Departments of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- a Center for Cognitive Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,b Departments of Neurology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,c Pathology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,d Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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Herline K, Prelli F, Mehta P, MacMurray C, Goñi F, Wisniewski T. Immunotherapy to improve cognition and reduce pathological species in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:54. [PMID: 29914551 PMCID: PMC6006698 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by physiologically endogenous proteins amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau undergoing a conformational change and accumulating as soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates. Tau and Aβ soluble oligomers, which contain extensive β-sheet secondary structure, are thought to be the most toxic forms. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of TWF9, an anti-β-sheet conformation antibody (aβComAb), to selectively recognize pathological Aβ and phosphorylated tau in AD human tissue compared with cognitively normal age-matched controls and to improve the performance of old 3xTg-AD mice with advanced pathology in behavioral testing after acute treatment with TWF9. Methods In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to characterize TWF9 specificity. We further assessed cognitive performance in old (18–22 months) 3xTg-AD mice using both a Barnes maze and novel object recognition after intraperitoneal administration of TWF9 (4 mg/kg) biweekly for 2 weeks before the start of behavioral testing. Injections continued for the duration of the behavioral testing, which lasted 2 weeks. Results Histological analysis of TWF9 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human control and AD (ABC score: A3B3C3) brain tissue revealed preferential cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in neurons in the AD tissue compared with controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ELISA using oligomeric and monomeric Aβ showed a preferential affinity for oligomeric Aβ. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that TWF9 extracted both phosphorylated tau (p < 0.01) and Aβ (p < 0.01) from fresh frozen brain tissues. Results show that treated old 3xTg-AD mice have an enhanced novel object recognition memory (p < 0.01) and Barnes maze performance (p = 0.05) compared with control animals. Overall plaque burden, neurofibrillary tangles, microgliosis, and astrocytosis remained unchanged. Soluble phosphorylated tau was significantly reduced in TWF9-treated mice (p < 0.05), and there was a trend for a reduction in soluble Aβ levels in the brain homogenates of female 3xTg-AD mice (p = 0.06). Conclusions This study shows that acute treatment with an aβComAb can effectively improve performance in behavioral testing without reduction of amyloid plaque burden, and that peripherally administered IgG can affect levels of pathological species in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Herline
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Immunology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, USA
| | | | - Fernando Goñi
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Heiss JK, Barrett J, Yu Z, Haas LT, Kostylev MA, Strittmatter SM. Early Activation of Experience-Independent Dendritic Spine Turnover in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3660-3674. [PMID: 27365298 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss is critical in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the dynamics of synapse turnover are poorly defined. We imaged dendritic spines in transgenic APPswe/PSen1∆E9 (APP/PS1) cerebral cortex. Dendritic spine turnover is increased far from plaque in aged APP/PS1 mice, and in young APP/PS1 mice prior to plaque formation. Dysregulation occurs in the presence of soluble Aβ oligomer and requires cellular prion protein (PrPC). APP/PS1 mice lack responsiveness of spine turnover to sensory stimulation. Critically, enhanced spine turnover is coupled with the loss of persistent spines starting early and continuing with age. To evaluate mechanisms of experience-independent supranormal spine turnover, we analyzed the transcriptome of young APP/PS1 mouse brain when turnover is altered but synapse density and memory are normal, and plaque and inflammation are absent. Early PrPC-dependent expression changes occur in synaptic and lipid-metabolizing genes. Thus, pathologic synaptic dysregulation underlying AD begins at a young age prior to Aβ plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Heiss
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Joshua Barrett
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Zizi Yu
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Laura T Haas
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Mikhail A Kostylev
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Magrì A, Di Natale G, Rizzarelli E. Copper-assisted interaction between amyloid-β and prion: Ternary metal complexes with Aβ N-terminus and octarepeat. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rajmohan R, Reddy PH. Amyloid-Beta and Phosphorylated Tau Accumulations Cause Abnormalities at Synapses of Alzheimer's disease Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:975-999. [PMID: 27567878 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the loss of synapses and dysfunctions of neurotransmission are more directly tied to disease severity. The role of these lesions in the pathoetiological progression of the disease remains contested. Biochemical, cellular, molecular, and pathological studies provided several lines of evidence and improved our understanding of how Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation may directly harm synapses and alter neurotransmission. In vitro evidence suggests that Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau have both direct and indirect cytotoxic effects that affect neurotransmission, axonal transport, signaling cascades, organelle function, and immune response in ways that lead to synaptic loss and dysfunctions in neurotransmitter release. Observations in preclinical models and autopsy studies support these findings, suggesting that while the pathoetiology of positive lesions remains elusive, their removal may reduce disease severity and progression. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for further investigation of the role of tau in disease progression and its interactions with Aβ and neurotransmitters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajmohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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42
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Purro SA, Nicoll AJ, Collinge J. Prion Protein as a Toxic Acceptor of Amyloid-β Oligomers. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:358-368. [PMID: 29331212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The initial report that cellular prion protein (PrPC) mediates toxicity of amyloid-β species linked to Alzheimer's disease was initially treated with scepticism, but growing evidence supports this claim. That there is a high-affinity interaction is now clear, and its molecular basis is being unraveled, while recent studies have identified possible downstream toxic mechanisms. Determination of the clinical significance of such interactions between PrPC and disease-associated amyloid-β species will require experimental medicine studies in humans. Trials of compounds that inhibit PrP-dependent amyloid-β toxicity are commencing in humans, and although it is clear that only a fraction of Alzheimer's disease toxicity could be governed by PrPC, a partial, but still therapeutically useful, role in human disease may soon be testable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Purro
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Nicoll
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Elkington and Fife LLP, Kent, United Kingdom.
| | - John Collinge
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
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43
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Leighton PLA, Allison WT. Protein Misfolding in Prion and Prion-Like Diseases: Reconsidering a Required Role for Protein Loss-of-Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:3-29. [PMID: 27392869 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prion disease research has contributed much toward understanding other neurodegenerative diseases, including recent demonstrations that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases are prion-like. Prion-like diseases involve the spread of degeneration between individuals and/or among cells or tissues via template directed misfolding, wherein misfolded protein conformers propagate disease by causing normal proteins to misfold. Here we use the premise that AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other similar diseases are prion-like and ask: Can we apply knowledge gained from studies of these prion-like diseases to resolve debates about classical prion diseases? We focus on controversies about what role(s) protein loss-of-function might have in prion diseases because this has therapeutic implications, including for AD. We examine which loss-of-function events are recognizable in prion-like diseases by considering the normal functions of the proteins before their misfolding and aggregation. We then delineate scenarios wherein gain-of-function and/or loss-of-function would be necessary or sufficient for neurodegeneration. We consider roles of PrPC loss-of-function in prion diseases and in AD, and conclude that the conventional wisdom that prion diseases are 'toxic gain-of-function diseases' has limitations. While prion diseases certainly have required gain-of-function components, we propose that disease phenotypes are predominantly caused by deficits in the normal physiology of PrPC and its interaction partners as PrPC converts to PrPSc. In this model, gain-of-function serves mainly to spread disease, and loss-of-function directly mediates neuron dysfunction. We propose experiments and predictions to assess our conclusion. Further study on the normal physiological roles of these key proteins is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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44
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Goñi F, Martá-Ariza M, Herline K, Peyser D, Boutajangout A, Mehta P, Drummond E, Prelli F, Wisniewski T. Anti-β-sheet conformation monoclonal antibody reduces tau and Aβ oligomer pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:10. [PMID: 29378642 PMCID: PMC5789573 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Oligomeric forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are increasing being recognized as key toxins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), GW-23B7, that recognizes β-sheet secondary structure on pathological oligomers of neurodegenerative diseases. Results The pentameric immunoglobulin M kappa chain (IgMκp) we developed specifically distinguishes intra- and extracellular pathology in human AD brains. Purified GW-23B7 showed a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range for oligomeric Aβ and did not bind monomeric Aβ. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, it recognized oligomeric forms of both Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau. Aged triple-transgenic AD mice with both Aβ and tau pathology infused intraperitoneally for 2 months showed IgMκp in the soluble brain homogenate, peaking at 24 h postinoculation. Treated mice exhibited significant cognitive rescue on radial arm maze testing compared with vehicle control-infused mice. Immunohistochemically, treatment resulted in a significant decrease of extracellular pathology. Biochemically, treatment resulted in significant reductions of oligomeric forms of Aβ and tau. Conclusions These results suggest that GW-23B7, an anti-β-sheet conformational mAb humanized for clinical trials, may be an effective therapeutic agent for human AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0337-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Goñi
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mitchell Martá-Ariza
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krystal Herline
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Peyser
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allal Boutajangout
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Immunology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria, ERSP Rm 802, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Currently all prion diseases are without effective treatment and are universally fatal. It is increasingly being recognized that the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), includes "prion-like" properties. Hence, any effective therapeutic intervention for prion disease could have significant implications for other neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, therapies that are effective in AD might also be therapeutically beneficial for prion disease. AD-like prion disease has no effective therapy. However, various vaccine and immunomodulatory approaches have shown great success in animal models of AD, with numerous ongoing clinical trials of these potential immunotherapies. More limited evidence suggests that immunotherapies may be effective in prion models and in naturally occurring prion disease. In particular, experimental data suggest that mucosal vaccination against prions can be effective for protection against orally acquired prion infection. Many prion diseases, including natural sheep scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are thought to be acquired peripherally, mainly by oral exposure. Mucosal vaccination would be most applicable to this form of transmission. In this chapter we review various immunologically based strategies which are under development for prion infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Fernando Goñi
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Brody AH, Strittmatter SM. Synaptotoxic Signaling by Amyloid Beta Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease Through Prion Protein and mGluR5. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 82:293-323. [PMID: 29413525 PMCID: PMC5835229 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an impending global health crisis, yet the complexity of AD pathophysiology has so far precluded the development of any interventions to successfully slow or halt AD progression. It is clear that accumulation of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide triggers progressive synapse loss to cause AD symptoms. Once initiated by Aβ, disease progression is complicated and accelerated by inflammation and by tau pathology. The recognition that Aβ peptide assumes multiple distinct states and that soluble oligomeric species (Aβo) are critical for synaptic damage is central to molecular understanding of AD. This knowledge has led to the identification of specific Aβo receptors, such as cellular prion protein (PrPC), mediating synaptic toxicity and neuronal dysfunction. The identification of PrPC as an Aβo receptor has illuminated an Aβo-induced signaling cascade involving mGluR5, Fyn, and Pyk2 that links Aβ and tau pathologies. This pathway provides novel potential therapeutic targets for disease-modifying AD therapy. Here, we discuss the methods by which several putative Aβo receptors were identified. We also offer an in-depth examination of the known molecular mechanisms believed to mediate Aβo-induced synaptic dysfunction, toxicity, and memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harrison Brody
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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47
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Conditional Deletion of Prnp Rescues Behavioral and Synaptic Deficits after Disease Onset in Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9207-9221. [PMID: 28842420 PMCID: PMC5607466 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0722-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and genetic evidence implicate soluble oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβo) in triggering Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Moreover, constitutive deletion of the Aβo-binding cellular prion protein (PrPC) prevents development of memory deficits in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice, a model of familial AD. Here, we define the role of PrPC to rescue or halt established AD endophenotypes in a therapeutic disease-modifying time window after symptom onset. Deletion of Prnp at either 12 or 16 months of age fully reverses hippocampal synapse loss and completely rescues preexisting behavioral deficits by 17 months. In contrast, but consistent with a neuronal function for Aβo/PrPC signaling, plaque density, microgliosis, and astrocytosis are not altered. Degeneration of catecholaminergic neurons remains unchanged by PrPC reduction after disease onset. These results define the potential of targeting PrPC as a disease-modifying therapy for certain AD-related phenotypes after disease onset.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The study presented here further elucidates our understanding of the soluble oligomeric amyloid-β-Aβo-binding cellular prion protein (PrPC) signaling pathway in a familial form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by implicating PrPC as a potential therapeutic target for AD. In particular, genetic deletion of Prnp rescued several familial AD (FAD)-associated phenotypes after disease onset in a mouse model of FAD. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of PrPC deletion given that patients already present symptoms at the time of diagnosis.
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48
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Bove-Fenderson E, Urano R, Straub JE, Harris DA. Cellular prion protein targets amyloid-β fibril ends via its C-terminal domain to prevent elongation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16858-16871. [PMID: 28842494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric forms of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide are thought to represent the primary synaptotoxic species underlying the neurodegenerative changes seen in Alzheimer's disease. It has been proposed that the cellular prion protein (PrPC) functions as a cell-surface receptor, which binds to Aβ oligomers and transduces their toxic effects. However, the molecular details of the PrPC-Aβ interaction remain uncertain. Here, we investigated the effect of PrPC on polymerization of Aβ under rigorously controlled conditions in which Aβ converts from a monomeric to a fibrillar state via a series of kinetically defined steps. We demonstrated that PrPC specifically inhibited elongation of Aβ fibrils, most likely by binding to the ends of growing fibrils. Surprisingly, this inhibitory effect required the globular C-terminal domain of PrPC, which has not been previously implicated in interactions with Aβ. Our results suggest that PrPC recognizes structural features common to both Aβ oligomers and fibril ends and that this interaction could contribute to the neurotoxic effect of Aβ aggregates. Additionally, our results identify the C terminus of PrPC as a new and potentially more druggable molecular target for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bove-Fenderson
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 and
| | - Ryo Urano
- the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - John E Straub
- the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - David A Harris
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 and
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49
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Muradashvili N, Tyagi SC, Lominadze D. Localization of Fibrinogen in the Vasculo-Astrocyte Interface after Cortical Contusion Injury in Mice. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7070077. [PMID: 28684673 PMCID: PMC5532590 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7070077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides causing neuronal damage, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is involved in memory reduction, which can be a result of alterations in vasculo-neuronal interactions. Inflammation following TBI is involved in elevation of blood content of fibrinogen (Fg), which is known to enhance cerebrovascular permeability, and thus, enhance its deposition in extravascular space. However, the localization of Fg in the extravascular space and its possible interaction with nonvascular cells are not clear. The localization of Fg deposition in the extravascular space was defined in brain samples of mice after cortical contusion injury (CCI) and sham-operation (control) using immunohistochemistry and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Memory changes were assessed with new object recognition and Y-maze tests. Data showed a greater deposition of Fg in the vascular and astrocyte endfeet interface in mice with CCI than in control animals. This effect was accompanied by enhanced neuronal degeneration and reduction in short-term memory in mice with CCI. Thus, our results suggest that CCI induces increased deposition of Fg in the vasculo-astrocyte interface, and is accompanied by neuronal degeneration, which may result in reduction of short-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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50
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Urrea L, Ferrer I, Gavín R, del Río JA. The cellular prion protein (PrP C) as neuronal receptor for α-synuclein. Prion 2017; 11:226-233. [PMID: 28759332 PMCID: PMC5553301 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1334748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'prion-like' is used to define some misfolded protein species that propagate intercellularly, triggering protein aggregation in recipient cells. For cell binding, both direct plasma membrane interaction and membrane receptors have been described for particular amyloids. In this respect, emerging evidence demonstrates that several β-sheet enriched proteins can bind to the cellular prion protein (PrPC). Among other interactions, the physiological relevance of the binding between β-amyloid and PrPC has been a relevant focus of numerous studies. At the molecular level, published data point to the second charged cluster domain of the PrPC molecule as the relevant binding domain of the β-amyloid/PrPC interaction. In addition to β-amyloid, participation of PrPC in binding α-synuclein, responsible for neurodegenerative synucleopathies, has been reported. Although results indicate relevant participation of PrPC in the spreading of α-synuclein in living mice, the physiological relevance of the interaction remains elusive. In this comment, we focus our attention on summarizing current knowledge of PrPC as a receptor for amyloid proteins and its physiological significance, with particular focus on α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Urrea
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Senior Consultant Neuropathology, Service of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rosalina Gavín
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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