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Abdel-Megeed RM, Abdel-Hamid AHZ, Kadry MO. Titanium dioxide nanostructure-loaded Adriamycin surmounts resistance in breast cancer therapy: ABCA/P53/C-myc crosstalk. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO979. [PMID: 38827789 PMCID: PMC11140649 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To clarify the alternation of gene expression responsible for resistance of Adriamycin (ADR) in rats, in addition to investigation of a novel promising drug-delivery system using titanium dioxide nanoparticles loaded with ADR (TiO2-ADR). Method: Breast cancer was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats, followed by treatment with ADR (5 mg/kg) or TiO2-ADR (2 mg/kg) for 1 month. Results: Significant improvements in both zinc and calcium levels were observed with TiO2-ADR treatment. Gene expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter membrane proteins (ABCA1 & ABCG1), P53 and Jak-2 showed a significant reduction and overexpression of the C-myc in breast cancer-induced rats. TiO2-ADR demonstrated a notable ability to upregulate these genes. Conclusion: TiO2-ADR could be a promising drug-delivery system for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Z Abdel-Hamid
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mai O Kadry
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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2
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Thumma V, Mallikanti V, Matta R, Dharavath R, Jalapathi P. Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity of ibuprofen-appended benzoxazole analogues against human breast adenocarcinoma. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1283-1294. [PMID: 38665840 PMCID: PMC11042172 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A library of novel ibuprofen-appended benzoxazole analogues (7a-l) was synthesized via a series of nitration, reduction, and condensation-cyclization reactions and screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines using doxorubicin as a standard reference. Compounds 7h and 7j displayed outstanding activity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 8.92 ± 0.91 μM and 9.14 ± 8.22 μM, respectively, compared to the doxorubicin IC50 value of 9.29 ± 1.02 μM. Compound 7h also exhibited outstanding activity against the MDA-MB-231 cell line with an IC50 value of 7.54 ± 0.95 μM compared to the doxorubicin IC50 value of 7.68 ± 5.36 μM. Compounds 7h, 7i, 7j, and 7g showed identical morphological changes to those showed by doxorubicin. The molecular docking study against ERα unveiled their best docking scores and binding interactions in agreement to experimental results. Pharmacokinetics prediction envisaged their drug-like properties suitable for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Thumma
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering College Hyderabad 500059 Telangana India
| | | | - Raghavender Matta
- Department of Chemistry, Shyam Lal College, University of Delhi Delhi-110032 India
| | - Ravinder Dharavath
- Department of Chemistry, SRT Campus, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Tehri 249199 Uttarakhand India
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3
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Almohammad Aljabr B, Zihlif M, Abu-Dahab R, Zalloum H. Effect of quercetin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant human MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:58. [PMID: 38414625 PMCID: PMC10895388 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is the major cause of cancer recurrence, relapse and eventual death. Doxorubicin resistance is one such challenge in breast cancer. The use of quercetin, an antioxidant, in combination with doxorubicin has been investigated for offering protection to normal cells from the toxic side effects of doxorubicin in addition to modulation of its resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of quercetin in prevention of a doxorubicin-chemoresistant phenotype in both doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant human MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. A doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cell line was established. The development of resistant cells was closely monitored for changes in morphological features. Sensitivity to doxorubicin and the doxorubicin/quercetin combination was assessed using the tetrazolium assay. To determine the mechanism by which quercetin sensitizes the doxorubicin MCF-7-resistant cell line to doxorubicin, gene expression alterations in breast cancer-related genes were examined using the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) array technology. Resistant MCF cells were successfully developed and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of doxorubicin increased from 0.133 to 4 µM (wild-type to resistant). The effects of the quercetin/doxorubicin combination exhibited different effects on wild-type vs. resistant cells. The IC50 of doxorubicin was reduced in wild cells, whereas resistant cells showed an increase in cell viability at lower concentrations and a potentiation of the effects of doxorubicin only at higher concentrations. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining demonstrated that quercetin drives cells into late apoptosis and necrosis, but in resistant cells, necrosis predominates. RT-qPCR results revealed that quercetin led to a reversal in doxorubicin effects via up- and downregulation of important genes such as SNAI2, PLAU and CSF1 genes. Downregulation of cell migration genes, SNAI2 (-31.23-fold) and plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU; -30.62-fold), and the apoptotic pathway gene, colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1; -17.25-fold) were the most important querticin-associated events. Other gene alterations were also observed involving cell cycle arrest and DNA repair pathways. The results of the present study indicated that quercetin could lead to a reversal of doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells via downregulation of the expression of important genes, such as SNAI2, PLAU and CSF1. Such findings may represent a potential strategy for reversing breast cancer cell-related chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Almohammad Aljabr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rana Abu-Dahab
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hiba Zalloum
- Hamdi Mango Research Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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4
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Song HJ, Kim YH, Choi HN, Kim T, Kim SJ, Kang MW, Lee SD. TonEBP/NFAT5 expression is associated with cisplatin resistance and migration in macrophage-induced A549 cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:6. [PMID: 38438872 PMCID: PMC10913585 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance in several cancers. Similarly, TonEBP/NFAT5 induces metastasis in renal carcinoma and colon cancer cells. However, the role of this transcription factor and that of macrophages in lung cancer cells remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of macrophages and TonEBP/NFAT5 expression on cisplatin resistance and migration in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS A549 cells were cultured alone or indirectly co-cultured with THP-1-derived macrophages using a transwell culture chamber. Cisplatin-induced cell death was markedly decreased and migration increased in co-cultured A549 cells. Macrophage-conditioned media (CM) showed a similar effect on drug resistance and migration. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and cleaved apoptotic proteins PARP and caspase-3 were markedly reduced in macrophage CM-induced A549 cells. Here, ERK, p38, JNK, and NF-κB activities were increased by macrophage CM. Furthermore, the proteins involved in cisplatin resistance and cancer cell migration were identified using specific inhibitors of each protein. ERK and NF-κB inhibition considerably reduced cisplatin resistance. The increase in macrophage CM-induced migration was partially reduced by treatment with ERK, JNK, and NF-κB inhibitors. TonEBP/NFAT5 expression was increased by macrophages, resulting in increased cisplatin resistance, cell migration, and invasion. Moreover, RNAi-mediated knockdown of TonEBP/NFAT5 reduced cisplatin resistance, migration, and invasion in macrophage CM-induced A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that paracrine factors secreted from macrophages can change A549 cells, resulting in the induction of drug resistance against cisplatin and migration. In addition, the TonEBP/NFAT5 ratio, increased by macrophages, is an important regulator of the malignant transformation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Song
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woong Kang
- Department of thoracic surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Do Lee
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Sohrabi B, Qadbeigi M, Sabouni F, Hamta A. Thymoquinone Nanoparticle Induces Apoptosis and Cell Migration Retardation through Modulating of SUMOylation Process Genes in Breast Cancer Cell Line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:e3676. [PMID: 38827343 PMCID: PMC11139442 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2024.390400.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Due to the heterogeneity of breast cancer, most advanced-stage patients are resistant to therapy. Disruption of SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, is linked to breast cancer. Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of thymoquinone nanoparticles (Liposomal-TQ), an anti-cancer drug, combined with doxorubicin (DXR), the most effective chemotherapeutic drug used to treat breast cancer, on the expression of SENP2 and SENP6, two major components involved in the SUMOylation process, in normal and cancerous breast cell lines. Materials and Methods The MCF7 cell line, a breast cancer cell line, and MCF10, a non-tumor epithelial cell line, were separately treated with Liposomal-TQ and DXR. Cell viability and cell migration were assessed using MTT and scratch tests. Apoptosis analysis was performed using annexin-V/PI staining. Gene expression analysis of SENP2 and SENP6 was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, the scratch test evaluated the anti-cell migratory effect of Liposomal-TQ. Results The findings obtained from RT-qPCR analysis indicated a significant increase in the expression of SENP2 and SENP6 genes in the TQ and DXR treatment groups compared to the control group in MCF7 but not in MCF10 cell lines (p-value < 0.05). Also, after 24 hours of treatment of MCF7 and MCF10 cells with liposomal-TQ, late apoptotic cells were significantly increased compared to the control and liposome groups (p-value < 0.0001) and compared to the control group, both DXR and Liposomal-TQ dramatically reduced the migratory ability of breast cancer cells (p-value = 0.001 and p-value = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Our study indicated that Liposomal-TQ promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells and inhibits cell migration ability. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of Liposomal-TQ in the carcinogenic activities of SENP2 and SENP6 in the SUMOylation pathway of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Sohrabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering, Genetics and Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hamta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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Kariya Y, Gu J, Kariya Y. Integrin α6β4 Confers Doxorubicin Resistance in Cancer Cells by Suppressing Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis: Involvement of N-Glycans on β4 Integrin Subunit. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1752. [PMID: 38136623 PMCID: PMC10741852 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance to develop successful therapeutic strategies. α6β4 integrin confers resistance to apoptosis and regulates the survival of cancer cells; however, it remains unclear whether α6β4 integrin is directly involved in chemoresistance. Here, we show that α6β4 integrin promotes doxorubicin resistance by decreasing caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. We found that the overexpression of α6β4 integrin by the β4 integrin gene rendered MDA-MB435S and Panc-1 cells more resistant to doxorubicin than control cells. The acquired resistance to doxorubicin by α6β4 integrin expression was abolished by the deletion of the cytoplasmic signal domain in β4 integrin. Similar results were found in MDA-MB435S and Panc-1 cells when N-glycan-defective β4 integrin mutants were overexpressed or bisecting GlcNAc residues were increased on β4 integrin by the co-expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III with β4 integrin. The abrogation of α6β4 integrin-mediated resistance to doxorubicin was accompanied by reduced cell viability and an increased caspase-3 activation. Taken together, our results clearly suggest that α6β4 integrin signaling plays a key role in the doxorubicin resistance of cancer cells, and N-glycans on β4 integrin are involved in the regulation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Kariya
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Komatsushima 981-8558, Japan;
| | - Yukiko Kariya
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
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7
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Vishnu T, Veerabhadraiah M, Krishna Chaitanya V, Nagamani M, Raghavender M, Jalapathi P. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of 5-((2-(4-bromo/chloro benzoyl) benzofuran-5-yl) methyl)-2-((1-(substituted)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde analogues. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2695-2713. [PMID: 36436134 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel 5-((2-(4-bromo/chloro benzoyl) benzofuran-5-yl) methyl)-2-((1-(substituted)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde analogues about twenty-one were synthesized all through standard chemical procedures. The structure of the compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analysis after purification. All the compounds were screened for In Vitro lung and cervical cancer activity against A-549 and HeLa cell lines, respectively, by MTT assay protocol using various nanomolar (nM) concentrations. IC50 value were calculated from cell viability data. 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl substituted derivative presented outstanding activity against both the cell lines compared to standard drug doxorubicin. The methoxy, chloro, fluoro and formyl substituted analogues showed a moderate activity and whereas methyl substituted analogues activity was poor. The morphological deformation of both cell lines by best IC50 value analogues proved as potent inhibitors of cancer cells growth. Molecular docking studies were performed against extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 these results are incredibly in agreement with the investigational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vishnu
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering College, Hyderabad, 500059, India
| | - M Veerabhadraiah
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - V Krishna Chaitanya
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - M Nagamani
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - M Raghavender
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - P Jalapathi
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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Pore AA, Kamyabi N, Bithi SS, Ahmmed SM, Vanapalli SA. Single-Cell Proliferation Microfluidic Device for High Throughput Investigation of Replicative Potential and Drug Resistance of Cancer Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:443-457. [PMID: 38099214 PMCID: PMC10716102 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell proliferation represents a major hallmark of cancer biology, and manifests itself in the assessment of tumor growth, drug resistance and metastasis. Tracking cell proliferation or cell fate at the single-cell level can reveal phenotypic heterogeneity. However, characterization of cell proliferation is typically done in bulk assays which does not inform on cells that can proliferate under given environmental perturbations. Thus, there is a need for single-cell approaches that allow longitudinal tracking of the fate of a large number of individual cells to reveal diverse phenotypes. Methods We fabricated a new microfluidic architecture for high efficiency capture of single tumor cells, with the capacity to monitor cell divisions across multiple daughter cells. This single-cell proliferation (SCP) device enabled the quantification of the fate of more than 1000 individual cancer cells longitudinally, allowing comprehensive profiling of the phenotypic heterogeneity that would be otherwise masked in standard cell proliferation assays. We characterized the efficiency of single cell capture and demonstrated the utility of the SCP device by exposing MCF-7 breast tumor cells to different doses of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Results The single cell trapping efficiency of the SCP device was found to be ~ 85%. At the low doses of doxorubicin (0.01 µM, 0.001 µM, 0.0001 µM), we observed that 50-80% of the drug-treated cells had undergone proliferation, and less than 10% of the cells do not proliferate. Additionally, we demonstrated the potential of the SCP device in circulating tumor cell applications where minimizing target cell loss is critical. We showed selective capture of breast tumor cells from a binary mixture of cells (tumor cells and white blood cells) that was isolated from blood processing. We successfully characterized the proliferation statistics of these captured cells despite their extremely low counts in the original binary suspension. Conclusions The SCP device has significant potential for cancer research with the ability to quantify proliferation statistics of individual tumor cells, opening new avenues of investigation ranging from evaluating drug resistance of anti-cancer compounds to monitoring the replicative potential of patient-derived cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00773-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adity A. Pore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
| | - Nabiollah Kamyabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
- Present Address: 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA USA
| | - Swastika S. Bithi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
- Present Address: College of Engineering, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX USA
| | - Shamim M. Ahmmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
- Present Address: Manufacturing Integration Engineer, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR USA
| | - Siva A. Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
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9
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El-Gamal R, Elfarrash S, El-Nablaway M, Salem AA, Zaraei SO, Anbar HS, Shoma A, El-Gamal MI. Anti-proliferative activity of RIHMS-Qi-23 against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is through inhibition of cell proliferation and senescence but not inhibition of targeted kinases. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1053. [PMID: 37919708 PMCID: PMC10621201 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy globally, and is considered a major cause of cancer-related death. Tremendous effort is exerted to identify an optimal anticancer drug with limited side effects. The quinoline derivative RIMHS-Qi-23 had a wide-spectrum antiproliferative activity against various types of cancer cells. METHODS In the current study, the effect of RIMHS-Qi-23 was tested on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line to evaluate its anticancer efficacy in comparison to the reference compound doxorubicin. RESULTS Our data suggest an anti-proliferative effect of RIMHS-Qi-23 on the MCF-7 cell line with superior potency and selectivity compared to doxorubicin. Our mechanistic study suggested that the anti-proliferative effect of RIMHS-Qi-23 against MCF-7 cell line is not through targeted kinase inhibition but through other molecular machinery targeting cell proliferation and senescence such as cyclophlin A, p62, and LC3. CONCLUSION RIMHS-Qi-23 is exerting an anti-proliferative effect that is more potent and selective than doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Al-Daqahlia Governorate, 35516, Arab Republic of Egypt.
| | - Sara Elfarrash
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, PO Box 71666, Riydah, 11597, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Ahmed Salem
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, 19099, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Shoma
- Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Al-Daqahlia Governorate, 35516, Arab Republic of Egypt.
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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10
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Szebényi K, Füredi A, Bajtai E, Sama SN, Csiszar A, Gombos B, Szabó P, Grusch M, Szakács G. Effective targeting of breast cancer by the inhibition of P-glycoprotein mediated removal of toxic lipid peroxidation byproducts from drug tolerant persister cells. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 71:101007. [PMID: 37741091 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance has long been considered to occur through the selection of pre-existing clones equipped to survive and quickly regrow, or through the acquisition of mutations during chemotherapy. Here we show that following in vitro treatment by chemotherapy, epithelial breast cancer cells adopt a transient drug tolerant phenotype characterized by cell cycle arrest, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reversible upregulation of the multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The drug tolerant persister (DTP) state is reversible, as cells eventually resume proliferation, giving rise to a cell population resembling the initial, drug-naïve cell lines. However, recovery after doxorubicin treatment is almost completely eliminated when DTP cells are cultured in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor Tariquidar. Mechanistically, P-gp contributes to the survival of DTP cells by removing reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation products resulting from doxorubicin exposure. In vivo, prolonged administration of Tariquidar during doxorubicin treatment holidays resulted in a significant increase of the overall survival of Brca1-/-;p53-/- mammary tumor bearing mice. These results indicate that prolonged administration of a P-gp inhibitor during drug holidays would likely benefit patients without the risk of aggravated side effects related to the concomitantly administered toxic chemotherapy. Effective targeting of DTPs through the inhibition of P-glycoprotein may result in a paradigm shift, changing the focus from countering drug resistance mechanisms to preventing or delaying therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Szebényi
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Füredi
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre of Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Bajtai
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sai Nagender Sama
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Csiszar
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Gombos
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Szabó
- Centre for Structural Study, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Abdeljalil SM, Wahdan SA, Elghazaly H, Tolba MF. Insights into the therapeutic outcomes of trimetazidine/doxorubicin combination in Ehrlich solid-phase carcinoma mouse tumor model. Life Sci 2023; 328:121874. [PMID: 37352914 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the key features of cancer is metabolic reprogramming that can be exploited to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a metabolic anti-ischemic drug that blocks the activity of long-chain 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase leading to the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. AIMS The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the idea that TMZ could synergize the antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX). MAIN METHODS The hypothesis was examined in vitro using the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. In addition, the in vivo experiments were conducted using the Ehrlich solid phase carcinoma model. KEY FINDINGS In vitro cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that TMZ improved the potency of DOX in MCF-7 cell lines in a synergistic manner. In vivo testing confirmed that DOX/TMZ combination exhibits synergistic effect at both DOX/TMZ 1:10 and 1:5 ratios, where DOX was administered at one tenth and one fifth of its original dose, respectively. The co-treatment (1:5 ratio) significantly reduced tumor Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+/NADH ratio (6.1-fold) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (61 %) with concurrent activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (2.2-fold) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)1-α (5.5-fold) protein expression versus control. The same treatment decreased the nuclear levels of NF-κB (p65) (57.5 %) and induced tumor apoptosis as evidenced by elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (6.8-fold) along with active caspase-3 levels (6.6-fold) against control. SIGNIFICANCE The current investigation constitutes a proof-of-concept study that provided preclinical evidence for the anticancer activity of DOX/TMZ combination and warrants further investigation for repurposing TMZ in DOX protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya M Abdeljalil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A Wahdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Elghazaly
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Medical Research Center (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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12
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Baek MJ, Nguyen DT, Kim D, Yoo SY, Lee SM, Lee JY, Kim DD. Tailoring renal-clearable zwitterionic cyclodextrin for colorectal cancer-selective drug delivery. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:945-956. [PMID: 37106052 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although cyclodextrin-based renal-clearable nanocarriers have a high potential for clinical translation in targeted cancer therapy, their designs remain to be optimized for tumour retention. Here we report on the design of a tailored structure for renal-clearable zwitterionic cyclodextrin for colorectal cancer-selective drug delivery. Twenty cyclodextrin derivatives with different charged moieties and spacers are synthesized and screened for colloidal stability. The resulting five candidates are evaluated for biodistribution and an optimized structure is identified. The optimized cyclodextrin shows a high tumour accumulation and is used for delivery of doxorubicin and ulixertinib. Higher tumour accumulation and tumour penetration facilitates tumour elimination. The improved antitumour efficacy is demonstrated in heterotopic and orthotopic colorectal cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy-Thuc Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahan Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeol Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Gali S, Raghu D, Mallikanti V, Thumma V, Vaddiraju N. Design, synthesis of benzimidazole tethered 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1, 3] oxazines as anticancer agents. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10661-3. [PMID: 37233952 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3] oxazine analogues synthesized through a two-step synthetic protocol. The structure of the compounds were established by interpretation 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral data recorded after purification. All the title compounds 4a-k were screened for their in vitro anti-cancer activity against two breast cancer cell lines MCF 7 and MDA-MB-231 by using Doxorubicin as standard reference. Compound 4e displayed superior activity against both the cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 8.60 ± 0.75 and 6.30 ± 0.54 µM respectively, compared to the Doxorubicin IC50 value of 9.11 ± 0.54 and 8.47 ± 0.47 µM. Compound 4i also indicated good activity with IC50 value of 9.85 ± 0.69 μM on par with Doxorubicin against MCF-7 cells. Compound 4g demonstrated best activity on par with standard reference to IC50 value of 8.52 ± 0.62 μM against MDA-MB-231 cell line. And all other compounds demonstrated good to moderate activity compared to Doxorubicin. Docking studies against EGFR showed that all the compounds have very good binding affinities towards the target. The predicted drug-likeness properties of all compounds enable them to be used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Gali
- Department of Chemistry, Satavahana University, Karimnagar, Telangana, 505001, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRR Government Arts and Science College, Karimnagar, Telangana, 505001, India
| | - D Raghu
- Department of Chemistry, Satavahana University, Karimnagar, Telangana, 505001, India
| | | | - Vishnu Thumma
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500059, India
| | - Namratha Vaddiraju
- Department of Chemistry, Satavahana University, Karimnagar, Telangana, 505001, India.
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14
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Urbaniak A, Jablonska K, Suchanski J, Partynska A, Szymczak-Kulus K, Matkowski R, Maciejczyk A, Ugorski M, Dziegiel P. Prolactin-induced protein (PIP) increases the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to drug-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6574. [PMID: 37085653 PMCID: PMC10121699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that high expression of prolactin-induced protein (PIP) correlates with the response of breast cancer (BC) patients to standard adjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide), which suggests that the absence of this glycoprotein is associated with resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the impact of PIP expression on resistance of BC cells to anti-cancer drugs and its biological role in BC progression. Expression of PIP and apoptotic genes in BC cell lines was analyzed using real-time PCR and Western blotting. PIP was detected in BC tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry. The tumorigenicity of cancer cells was analyzed by the in vivo tumor growth assay. Apoptotic cells were detected based on caspase-3 activation, Annexin V binding and TUNEL assay. The interaction of PIP with BC cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Using two cellular models of BC (i.e. T47D cells with the knockdown of the PIP gene and MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing PIP), we found that high expression of PIP resulted in (1) increased sensitivity of BC cells to apoptosis induced by doxorubicin (DOX), 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), and paclitaxel (PAX), and (2) improved efficacy of anti-cancer therapy with DOX in the xenograft mice model. Accordingly, a clinical study revealed that BC patients with higher PIP expression were characterized by longer 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival. Subsequent studies showed that PIP up-regulated the expression of the following pro-apoptotic genes: CRADD, DAPK1, FASLG, CD40 and BNIP2. This pro-apoptotic activity is mediated by secreted PIP and most probably involves the specific surface receptor. This study demonstrates that a high expression level of PIP sensitizes BC cells to anti-cancer drugs. Increased sensitivity to chemotherapy is the result of pro-apoptotic activity of PIP, which is evidenced by up-regulation of specific pro-apoptotic genes. As high expression of PIP significantly correlated with a better response of patients to anti-cancer drugs, this glycoprotein can be a marker for the prognostic evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Urbaniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jablonska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Suchanski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Partynska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Matkowski
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Maciejczyk
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612, Wroclaw, Poland.
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15
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Chernova T, Grosso S, Sun XM, Tenor AR, Cabeza JZ, Craxton A, Self EL, Nakas A, Cain K, MacFarlane M, Willis AE. Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Malignant Mesothelioma Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Induce Pro-Oncogenic Changes in Healthy Mesothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12469. [PMID: 36293328 PMCID: PMC9604431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour of the pleura (MPM) or peritoneum with a clinical presentation at an advanced stage of the disease. Current therapies only marginally improve survival and there is an urgent need to identify new treatments. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the main component of a vast stroma within MPM and play an important role in the tumour microenvironment. The influence of CAFs on cancer progression, aggressiveness and metastasis is well understood; however, the role of CAF-derived extracellular vesicles (CAF-EVs) in the promotion of tumour development and invasiveness is underexplored. We purified CAF-EVs from MPM-associated cells and healthy dermal human fibroblasts and examined their effect on cell proliferation and motility. The data show that exposure of healthy mesothelial cells to EVs derived from CAFs, but not from normal dermal human fibroblasts (NDHF) resulted in activating pro-oncogenic signalling pathways and increased proliferation and motility. Consistent with its role in suppressing Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) activation (which in MPM is a result of Hippo pathway inactivation), treatment with Simvastatin ameliorated the pro-oncogenic effects instigated by CAF-EVs by mechanisms involving both a reduction in EV number and changes in EV cargo. Collectively, these data determine the significance of CAF-derived EVs in mesothelioma development and progression and suggest new targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Chernova
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stefano Grosso
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Angela Rubio Tenor
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Andrew Craxton
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Emily L. Self
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Kelvin Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E. Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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16
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Doka RM, Suter SE, Mastromauro ML, Bennett AL, Hess PR. Doxorubicin for treatment of histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: 31 cases (2003-2017). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1827-1833. [PMID: 36054007 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.11.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of doxorubicin for treatment of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs, whether administered as the sole treatment or as an adjunct to surgery or radiation therapy. ANIMALS 31 client-owned dogs with localized or disseminated HS examined between 2003 and 2017. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and data were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate time-to-progression from the date of first doxorubicin administration and survival time from initial diagnosis. Factors that could be associated with poorer outcomes with doxorubicin treatment were analyzed with log-rank tests. RESULTS The objective response rate (ORR) was 26%. When stratified by disease status, dogs with localized and disseminated forms experienced 43% and 21% ORRs, respectively. Median time to progression after initiating doxorubicin treatment (n = 30 dogs) was 42 days. Median survival time from initial diagnosis to death (n = 29 dogs) was 169 days. Complete responses were obtained in only 2 dogs that had localized disease and received multimodality therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Benefits of doxorubicin administration in canine HS are modest, with a limited ORR and delay in tumor progression, and are comparable to effects attained with other single-agent regimens.
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17
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Identification of ABCA5 among ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Family as a New Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3399311. [PMID: 35783152 PMCID: PMC9242773 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3399311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The increasing incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) urgently requires updated biomarkers. The ABC transporter family is a widespread family of membrane-bound proteins involved in the transportation of substrates associated with ATP hydrolysis, including metabolites, amino acids, peptides and proteins, sterols and lipids, organic and inorganic ions, sugars, metals, and drugs. They play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the body. Purpose This study aims to search for new markers in the ABC transporter gene family for diagnostic and prognostic purposes through data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) datasets. Methods A total of 980 samples, including 684 CRC patients and 296 controls from five different datasets, were included for analysis. The construction of the PPI (protein-protein interaction) network and pathway analysis were performed in STRING database and DAVID (database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery), respectively. In addition, GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) and WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) were also used for functional analysis. Results After several rounds of screening and validation, only the ABCB5 gene was retained among the 49 genes. Conclusions The results demonstrated that ABCA5 expression is reduced in CRC and patients with high ABCA5 expression have better OS, which can provide guidance for better management and treatment of CRC in the future.
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18
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Naselsky W, Adhikary G, Shrestha S, Chen X, Ezeka G, Xu W, Friedberg JS, Eckert RL. Transglutaminase 2 enhances hepatocyte growth factor signaling to drive the mesothelioma cancer cell phenotype. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:537-548. [PMID: 35319795 PMCID: PMC10074999 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an important mesothelioma cancer cell survival protein. However, the mechanism whereby TG2 maintains mesothelioma cell survival is not well understood. We present studies showing that TG2 drives hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-dependent MET receptor signaling to maintain the aggressive mesothelioma cancer phenotype. TG2 increases HGF and MET messenger RNA and protein levels to enhance MET signaling. TG2 inactivation reduces MET tyrosine kinase activity to reduce cancer cell spheroid formation, invasion and migration. We also confirm that HGF/MET signaling is a biologically important mediator of TG2 action. Reducing MET level using genetic methods or treatment with MET inhibitors reduces spheroid formation, invasion and migration and this is associated with reduced MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. In addition, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 inhibitors suppress the cancer phenotype. Moreover, MET knockout mesothelioma cells form 10-fold smaller tumors compared to wild-type cells and these tumors display reduced MET, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 activity. These findings suggest that TG2 maintains HGF and MET levels in cultured mesothelioma cells and tumors to drive HGF/MET, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 signaling to maintain the aggressive mesothelioma cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Naselsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suruchi Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Geraldine Ezeka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph S Friedberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L. Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Ghallab AM, Eissa RA, El Tayebi HM. CXCR2 Small-Molecule Antagonist Combats Chemoresistance and Enhances Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862125. [PMID: 35517812 PMCID: PMC9065340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer as the absence of cell surface receptors renders it more difficult to be therapeutically targeted. Chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) has been suggested not only to promote therapy resistance and suppress immunotherapy but it also to possess a positive cross-talk with the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Here, we showed that CXCR2 and TGF-β signaling were both upregulated in human TNBC biopsies. CXCR2 inhibition abrogated doxorubicin-mediated TGF-β upregulation in 3D in vitro TNBC coculture with PBMCs and eliminated drug resistance in TNBC mammospheres, suggesting a vital role for CXCR2 in TNBC doxorubicin-resistance via TGF-β signaling regulation. Moreover, CXCR2 inhibition improved the efficacy of the immunotherapeutic drug “atezolizumab” where the combined inhibition of CXCR2 and PDL1 in TNBC in vitro coculture showed an additive effect in cytotoxicity. Altogether, the current study suggests CXCR2 inhibitors as a promising approach to improve TNBC treatment if used in combination with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Ghallab
- The Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A. Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- The Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Hend M. El Tayebi,
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Machmud PB, Glasauer S, Gottschick C, Mikolajczyk R. Knowledge, Vaccination Status, and Reasons for Avoiding Vaccinations against Hepatitis B in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060625. [PMID: 34207829 PMCID: PMC8227242 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccination remains low in developing countries to date. This systematic review thus analyzes the determinants of people’s knowledge and vaccination status as well as the reasons why people in developing countries chose not to receive the hepatitis B vaccination. (2) Methods: We searched four databases to identify all studies from developing countries published within the past 10 years. Both low-risk and high-risk populations aged older than 15 years old were eligible for the study. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessment. (3) Results: This study identified 2443 articles, 89 of which were included in the analysis. Monthly income, occupational status, and profession as a health-care worker were the strongest predictive factors for both knowledge of hepatitis B and vaccination status. In addition, strong predictor variables of hepatitis B knowledge were knowing an infected person and level of education, while health insurance, management’s protection at workplace, infection training, and experience of hepatitis B exposure were strong influencing factors for vaccine uptake. (4) Conclusions: Exposure to information, support from institutions, and financial support related to vaccination cost have a positive impact on the knowledge about hepatitis B infection and vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Bungsu Machmud
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof. Dr. Bahder Djohan, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Saskia Glasauer
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)345-557-3570
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21
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Tatsuta T, Nakasato A, Sugawara S, Hosono M. Transcriptomic alterations in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in response to long‑term treatment with bullfrog sialic acid‑binding lectin. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:467. [PMID: 33880588 PMCID: PMC8097763 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a universally lethal type of cancer that is increasing in incidence worldwide; therefore, the development of new drugs for MPM is an urgent task. Bullfrog sialic acid-binding lectin (cSBL) is a multifunctional protein that has carbohydrate-binding and ribonuclease activities. cSBL exerts marked antitumor activity against numerous types of cancer cells, with low toxicity to normal cells. Although in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that cSBL was effective against MPM, the mechanism by which cSBL exerts antitumor effects is not fully understood. To further understand the mechanism of action of cSBL, the present study aimed to identify the key molecules whose expression was affected by cSBL. The present study established cSBL-resistant MPM cells. Microarray analyses revealed that there were significant pleiotropic changes in the expression profiles of several genes, including multiple genes involved in metabolic pathways in cSBL-resistant cells. Furthermore, the expression of some members of the aldo-keto reductase family was revealed to be markedly downregulated in these cells. Among these, it was particularly interesting that cSBL action reduced the level of AKR1B10, which has been reported as a biomarker candidate for MPM prognosis. These findings revealed novel aspects of the effect of cSBL, which may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Tatsuta
- Division of Cell Recognition, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981‑8558, Japan
| | - Arisu Nakasato
- Division of Cell Recognition, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981‑8558, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sugawara
- Division of Cell Recognition, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981‑8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981‑8558, Japan
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Han X, Chen L, Hu Z, Chen L, Sun P, Wang Y, Liu Y. Identification of proteins related with pemetrexed resistance by iTRAQ and PRM-based comparative proteomic analysis and exploration of IGF2BP2 and FOLR1 functions in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Proteomics 2021; 237:104122. [PMID: 33561557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pemetrexed (PEM), a multi-target folate antagonist, has been extensively used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the therapeutic efficacy of PEM is limited by tumor resistance. In this project, iTRAQ and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based LC-MS/MS comparative proteomic analysis was performed to identify protein determinants of PEM resistance in A549/PEM cells versus A549 parental cells. A total of 567 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by iTRAQ analysis. The function and classification of DEPs were analyzed through GO and KEGG Pathway databases. Moreover, PRM analysis further validated the expression changes of 14 DEPs identified by iTRAQ analysis. Moreover, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) or folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) knockdown weakened PEM resistance, reduced cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis in A549/PEM cells. IGF2BP2 depletion inhibited cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while FOLR1 loss had no much effect on cell migration, invasion and EMT in A549/PEM cells. Our study can provide a deep insight into molecular mechanisms of PEM resistance in NSCLC and contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic schedules. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study can provide deeper insight into molecular mechanisms of PEM resistance in NSCLC and contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Han
- Department of Oncology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Liangfeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Zhongzhou Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Liangxin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang 464000, China
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Christowitz C, Davis T, Isaacs A, van Niekerk G, Hattingh S, Engelbrecht AM. Mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced drug resistance and drug resistant tumour growth in a murine breast tumour model. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:757. [PMID: 31370818 PMCID: PMC6670209 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is currently the most effective chemotherapeutic drug used to treat breast cancer. It has, however, been shown that doxorubicin can induce drug resistance resulting in poor patient prognosis and survival. Studies reported that the interaction between signalling pathways can promote drug resistance through the induction of proliferation, cell cycle progression and prevention of apoptosis. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the effects of doxorubicin on apoptosis signalling, autophagy, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway, cell cycle control, and regulators of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in murine breast cancer tumours. METHODS A tumour-bearing mouse model was established by injecting murine E0771 breast cancer cells, suspended in Hank's Balances Salt Solution and Corning® Matrigel® Basement Membrane Matrix, into female C57BL/6 mice. Fourty-seven mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely tumour control (received Hank's Balances Salt Solution), low dose doxorubicin (received total of 6 mg/ml doxorubicin) and high dose doxorubicin (received total of 15 mg/ml doxorubicin) groups. A higher tumour growth rate was, however, observed in doxorubicin-treated mice compared to the untreated controls. We therefore compared the expression levels of markers involved in cell death and survival signalling pathways, by means of western blotting and fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Doxorubicin failed to induce cell death, by means of apoptosis or autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, indicating the occurrence of drug resistance and uncontrolled proliferation. Activation of the MAPK/ extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway contributed to the resistance observed in treated mice, while no significant changes were found with the PI3K/Akt pathway and other MAPK pathways. Significant changes were also observed in cell cycle p21 and DNA replication minichromosome maintenance 2 proteins. No significant changes in EMT markers were observed after doxorubicin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that doxorubicin-induced drug resistance and tumour growth can occur through the adaptive role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in an effort to protect tumour cells. Previous studies have shown that the efficacy of doxorubicin can be improved by inhibition of the ERK signalling pathway and thereby treatment failure can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Christowitz
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, African Cancer Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Tanja Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| | - Ashwin Isaacs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| | - Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| | - Suzel Hattingh
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
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Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), also known as adriamycin, is a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor and belongs to the family of anthracycline anticancer drugs. DOX is used for the treatment of a wide variety of cancer types. However, resistance among cancer cells has emerged as a major barrier to effective treatment using DOX. Currently, the role of autophagy in cancer resistance to DOX and the mechanisms involved have become one of the areas of intense investigation. More and more preclinical data are being obtained on reversing DOX resistance through modulation of autophagy as one of the promising therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the recent advances in autophagy-targeting therapies that overcome DOX resistance from in-vitro studies to animal models for exploration of novel delivery systems. In-depth understanding of the mechanisms of autophagy regulation in relation to DOX resistance and development of molecularly targeted autophagy-modulating agents will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming DOX resistance in cancer treatment.
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25
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Thompson JK, Shukla A, Leggett AL, Munson PB, Miller JM, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Pass HI, Shukla A. Extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 and inflammasome in progression of mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:293-305. [PMID: 29416614 PMCID: PMC5787465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer in desperate need of treatment. We have previously shown that extracellular signaling regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) plays an important role in mesothelioma pathogenesis using ERK5 silenced human mesothelioma cells exhibiting significantly reduced tumor growth in immunocompromised mice. Here, we used a specific ERK 5 inhibitor, XMD8-92 in various in vitro and in vivo models to demonstrate that inhibition of ERK5 can slow down mesothelioma tumorigenesis. First, we show a dose dependent toxicity of XMD8-92 to 2 human mesothelioma cell lines growing as a monolayer. We also demonstrate the inhibition of ERK5 phosphorylation in various human mesothelioma cell lines by XMD8-92. We further confirmed the toxicity of XMD8-92 towards mesothelioma cell lines grown as spheroids in a 3-D model as well as in intraperitoneal (immune-competent) and intrapleural (immune-deficient) mouse models with and without chemotherapeutic drugs. To ascertain the mechanism, we explored the role of the nod-like receptor family member containing a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the process. We found XMD8-92 attenuated naïve and chemotherapeutic-induced inflammasome priming and activation in mesothelioma cells. It can thus be concluded that ERK5 inhibition attenuates mesothelioma tumor growth and this phenomenon in part is regulated by the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce K Thompson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Anurag Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Alan L Leggett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Phillip B Munson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jill M Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Maximilian B MacPherson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Stacie L Beuschel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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BCL2 induced by LAMTOR3/MAPK is a druggable target of chemoradioresistance in mesenchymal lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Mairinger FD, Werner R, Flom E, Schmeller J, Borchert S, Wessolly M, Wohlschlaeger J, Hager T, Mairinger T, Kollmeier J, Christoph DC, Schmid KW, Walter RFH. miRNA regulation is important for DNA damage repair and recognition in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Virchows Arch 2017; 470:627-637. [PMID: 28466156 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Platin-containing regimes are currently considered as state-of-the-art therapies in malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM) but show dissatisfying response rates ranging from 6 to 16% only. Still, the reasons for the rather poor efficacy remain largely unknown. A clear stratification of patients based on new biomarkers seems to be a promising approach to enhance clinical management, which would be a long-needed improvement for MPM patients but does not seem likely soon unless new biomarkers can be validated. Twenty-four formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour specimens were subjected to a miRNA expression screening of 800 important miRNAs using digital quantification via the nCounter technique (NanoString). We defined a small subset of miRNAs regulating the key enzymes involved in the repair of platin-associated DNA damage. Particularly, the TP53 pathway network for DNA damage recognition as well as genes related to the term "BRCAness" are the main miRNA targets within this context. The TP53 pathway network for DNA damage recognition as well as genes related to the term "BRCAness" are the main players for risk stratification in patients suffering from this severe disease. Taking the specific molecular profile of the tumour into account can help to enhance the clinical management prospectively and to smooth the way to better response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dominik Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Robert Werner
- Institute of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Flom
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Schmeller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Borchert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Wessolly
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Institute of Pneumology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Christian Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Fred Henry Walter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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28
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Mossman BT. Cell Signaling and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Mesothelioma. ASBESTOS AND MESOTHELIOMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) Knock-down Induces Apoptosis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:595-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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High-Copy Overexpression Screening Reveals PDR5 as the Main Doxorubicin Resistance Gene in Yeast. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145108. [PMID: 26690737 PMCID: PMC4687100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most potent anticancer drugs used in the treatment of various cancer types. The efficacy of doxorubicin is influenced by the drug resistance mechanisms and its cytotoxicity. In this study, we performed a high-copy screening analysis to find genes that play a role in doxorubicin resistance and found several genes (CUE5, AKL1, CAN1, YHR177W and PDR5) that provide resistance. Among these genes, overexpression of PDR5 provided a remarkable resistance, and deletion of it significantly rendered the tolerance level for the drug. Q-PCR analyses suggested that transcriptional regulation of these genes was not dependent on doxorubicin treatment. Additionally, we profiled the global expression pattern of cells in response to doxorubicin treatment and highlighted the genes and pathways that are important in doxorubicin tolerance/toxicity. Our results suggest that many efflux pumps and DNA metabolism genes are upregulated by the drug and required for doxorubicin tolerance.
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31
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Westbom C, Thompson JK, Leggett A, MacPherson M, Beuschel S, Pass H, Vacek P, Shukla A. Inflammasome Modulation by Chemotherapeutics in Malignant Mesothelioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145404. [PMID: 26689911 PMCID: PMC4687055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a fatal disease in dire need of therapy. The role of inflammasomes in cancer is not very well studied, however, literature supports both pro-and anti-tumorigenic effects of inflammasomes on cancer depending upon the type of cancer. Asbestos is a causative agent for MM and we have shown before that it causes inflammasome priming and activation in mesothelial cells. MM tumor cells/tissues showed decreased levels of inflammasome components like NLRP3 and caspase-1 as compared to human mesothelial cells or normal tissue counterpart of tumor. Based on our preliminary findings we hypothesized that treatment of MMs with chemotherapeutic drugs may elevate the levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 resulting in increased cell death by pyroptosis while increasing the levels of IL-1β and other pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, a combined strategy of chemotherapeutic drug and IL-1R antagonist may play a beneficial role in MM therapy. To test our hypothesis we used two human MM tumor cell lines (Hmeso, H2373) and two chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin). Through a series of experiments we showed that both chemotherapeutic drugs caused increases in NLRP3 levels, caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis and pro-inflammatory molecules released from MM cells. In vivo studies using SCID mice and Hmeso cells showed that tumors were smaller in combined treatment group of cisplatin and IL-1R antagonist (Anakinra) as compared to cisplatin alone or untreated control groups. Taken together our study suggests that chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with IL-1R antagonist may have a beneficial role in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Westbom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Joyce K. Thompson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Alan Leggett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Maximilian MacPherson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Stacie Beuschel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pamela Vacek
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Salaroglio IC, Campia I, Kopecka J, Gazzano E, Orecchia S, Ghigo D, Riganti C. Zoledronic acid overcomes chemoresistance and immunosuppression of malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1128-42. [PMID: 25544757 PMCID: PMC4359222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) is characterized by a chemoresistant and immunosuppressive phenotype. An effective strategy to restore chemosensitivity and immune reactivity against HMM is lacking. We investigated whether the use of zoledronic acid is an effective chemo-immunosensitizing strategy. We compared primary HMM samples with non-transformed mesothelial cells. HMM cells had higher rate of cholesterol and isoprenoid synthesis, constitutive activation of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway and up-regulation of the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp). By decreasing the isoprenoid supply, zoledronic acid down-regulated the Ras/ERK1/2/HIF-1α/Pgp axis and chemosensitized the HMM cells to Pgp substrates. The HMM cells also produced higher amounts of kynurenine, decreased the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and expanded the number of T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Kynurenine synthesis was due to the transcription of the indoleamine 1,2 dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, consequent to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). By reducing the activity of the Ras/ERK1/2/STAT3/IDO axis, zoledronic acid lowered the kyurenine synthesis and the expansion of Treg cells, and increased the proliferation of T-lymphocytes. Thanks to its ability to decrease Ras/ERK1/2 activity, which is responsible for both Pgp-mediated chemoresistance and IDO-mediated immunosuppression, zoledronic acid is an effective chemo-immunosensitizing agent in HMM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Campia
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Orecchia
- S.C. Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera S.S. Antonio e Biagio, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Dario Ghigo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy
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Ween MP, Armstrong MA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. The role of ABC transporters in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:220-56. [PMID: 26100653 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of ovarian cancer patients develop chemoresistance which results in a lethal course of the disease. A well-established cause of chemoresistance involves the family of ATP-binding cassette transporters, or ABC transporters that transport a wide range of substrates including metabolic products, nutrients, lipids, and drugs across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. Expressions of various ABC transporters, shown to reduce the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapy drugs, are increased following chemotherapy and impact on ovarian cancer survival. Although clinical trials to date using ABC transporter inhibitors have been disappointing, ABC transporter inhibition remains an attractive potential adjuvant to chemotherapy. A greater understanding of their physiological functions and role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance will be important for the development of more effective targeted therapies. This article will review the role of the ABC transporter family in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance as well as the clinical attempts used to date to reverse chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ween
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - M A Armstrong
- Data Management and Analysis Centre, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - M K Oehler
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Ricciardelli
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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34
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Overexpression of activin-A and -B in malignant mesothelioma – Attenuated Smad3 signaling responses and ERK activation promote cell migration and invasive growth. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:102-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Sayan M, Shukla A, MacPherson MB, Macura SL, Hillegass JM, Perkins TN, Thompson JK, Beuschel SL, Miller JM, Mossman BT. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein are novel pathways inhibited by vandetanib (ZD6474) and doxorubicin in mesotheliomas. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:595-603. [PMID: 24940987 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0373tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM), lung cancers, and asbestosis are hyperproliferative diseases associated with exposures to asbestos. All have a poor prognosis; thus, the need to develop novel and effective therapies is urgent. Vandetanib (Van) (ZD6474, ZACTIMA) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown equivocal results in clinical trials for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. However, tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone have shown no significant clinical activity in phase II trials of patients with unresectable MM. Using epithelioid (HMESO) and sarcomatoid (H2373) human MM lines, the efficacy of tumor cell killing and signaling pathways modulated by Van with and without doxorubicin (Dox) was examined. Van alone reduced total cell numbers in HMESO MM and synergistically increased the toxicity of Dox in HMESO and H2373 cells. Most importantly, we identified two novel cell survival/resistance pathways, ERK5 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), that were inhibited by Van and Dox. After silencing of either ERK5 or CREB, significant decreases in cell numbers in the Dox-resistant sarcomatoid H2373 line were observed. Results suggest that a plethora of cell signaling pathways associated with cell survival are induced by Dox but inhibited by the addition of Van in MM. Data from our study support the combined efficacy of Van and Dox as a novel approach in the treatment of MM that is further enhanced by blocking ERK5 or CREB signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlay Sayan
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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36
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Thompson JK, Westbom CM, Shukla A. Malignant mesothelioma: development to therapy. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1-7. [PMID: 23959774 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer of the mesothelium caused by asbestos. Asbestos use has been reduced but not completely stopped. In addition, natural or man-made disasters will continue to dislodge asbestos from old buildings into the atmosphere and as long as respirable asbestos is available, MM will continue to be a threat. Due to the long latency period of MM development, it would still take decades to eradicate this disease if asbestos was completely removed from our lives today. Therefore, there is a need for researchers and clinicians to work together to understand this deadly disease and find a solution for early diagnosis and treatment. This article focuses on developmental mechanisms as well as current therapies available for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce K Thompson
- Pathology Department, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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37
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Hudson AL, Weir C, Moon E, Harvie R, Klebe S, Clarke SJ, Pavlakis N, Howell VM. Establishing a panel of chemo-resistant mesothelioma models for investigating chemo-resistance and identifying new treatments for mesothelioma. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6152. [PMID: 25141917 PMCID: PMC4139953 DOI: 10.1038/srep06152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is inherently chemo-resistant with only 50% of patients responding to the standard of care treatments, and consequently it has a very grim prognosis. The aim of this study was to establish a panel of chemo-resistant mesothelioma models with clinically relevant levels of resistance as tools for investigating chemo-resistance and identifying new treatments for mesothelioma. Chemo-resistant cell lines were established in vitro and characterized in vivo using syngeneic Fischer rats. Tumors derived from all chemo-resistant cell lines were immunohistochemically classified as mesothelioma. Homozygous deletion of p16INK4A/p14ARF and increased expression of several ATP-binding cassette transporters were demonstrated, consistent with findings in human mesothelioma. Further, the acquisition of chemo-resistance in vitro resulted in changes to tumor morphology and overall survival. In conclusion, these models display many features corresponding with the human disease, and provide the first series of matched parental and chemo-resistant models for in vitro and in vivo mesothelioma studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hudson
- 1] Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Weir
- 1] Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Moon
- 1] Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rozelle Harvie
- 1] Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- 1] Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- 1] Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Viive M Howell
- 1] Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang J, He L, Geng XF, Firestone RA, Hong YP, Li Y. Anti-cancer effects of novel doxorubicin prodrug PDOX in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:521-528. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Snail promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells in part via activation of nuclear ERK2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104987. [PMID: 25122124 PMCID: PMC4133359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Snail transcription factor is up-regulated in several cancers and associated with increased tumor migration and invasion via induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling regulates cellular processes including cell motility, adhesion, and invasion. We investigated the regulation of ERK1/2 by Snail in breast cancer cells. ERK1/2 activity (p-ERK) was higher in breast cancer patient tissue as compared to normal tissue. Snail and p-ERK were increased in several breast cancer cell lines as compared to normal mammary epithelial cells. Snail knockdown in MDA-MB-231 and T47-D breast cancer cells decreased or re-localized p-ERK from the nuclear compartment to the cytoplasm. Snail overexpression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced EMT, increased cell migration, decreased cell adhesion and also increased tumorigenicity. Snail induced nuclear translocation of p-ERK, and the activation of its subcellular downstream effector, Elk-1. Inhibiting MAPK activity with UO126 or knockdown of ERK2 isoform with siRNA in MCF-7 Snail cells reverted EMT induced by Snail as shown by decreased Snail and vimentin expression, decreased cell migration and increased cell adhesion. Overall, our data suggest that ERK2 isoform activation by Snail in aggressive breast cancer cells leads to EMT associated with increased cell migration and decreased cell adhesion. This regulation is enhanced by positive feedback regulation of Snail by ERK2. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of ERK2 isoform may be beneficial for breast cancer.
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Westbom CM, Shukla A, MacPherson MB, Yasewicz EC, Miller JM, Beuschel SL, Steele C, Pass HI, Vacek PM, Shukla A. CREB-induced inflammation is important for malignant mesothelioma growth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2816-27. [PMID: 25111229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor with no treatment regimen. Previously we have demonstrated that cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is constitutively activated in MM tumor cells and tissues and plays an important role in MM pathogenesis. To understand the role of CREB in MM tumor growth, we generated CREB-inhibited MM cell lines and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CREB inhibition results in significant attenuation of proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells. CREB-silenced MM cells were then injected into severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and tumor growth in s.c. and i.p. models of MM was followed. We observed significant inhibition in MM tumor growth in both s.c. and i.p. models and the presence of a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, further inhibited MM tumor growth in the i.p. model. Peritoneal lavage fluids from CREB-inhibited tumor-bearing mice showed a significantly reduced total cell number, differential cell counts, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). In vitro studies showed that asbestos-induced inflammasome/inflammation activation in mesothelial cells was CREB dependent, further supporting the role of CREB in inflammation-induced MM pathogenesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the involvement of CREB in the regulation of MM pathogenesis by regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Westbom
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anurag Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Elizabeth C Yasewicz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jill M Miller
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Stacie L Beuschel
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
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Aberuyi N, Rahgozar S, Moafi A. The role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A2 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia multidrug resistance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY 2014; 4:118-26. [PMID: 25254091 PMCID: PMC4173032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most prevalent hematologic malignancies in children. Although the cure rate of ALL has improved over the past decades, the most important reason for ALL treatment failure is multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon. The current study aims to explain the mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance of childhood ALL, and introduces ATP-binding cassette transporterA2 (ABCA2) as an ABC transporter gene which may have a high impact on MDR. Benefiting from articles published inreputable journals from1994 to date and experiments newly performed by our group, a comprehensive review is written about ABCA2 and its role in MDR regarding childhood ALL. ABCA2 transports drugs from the cytoplasm into the lysosomal compartment, where they may become degraded and exported from the cell. The aforementioned mechanism may contribute to MDR. It has been reported that ABCA2 may induce resistance to mitoxantrone, estrogen derivatives and estramustine. It is resistant to the aforementioned compounds. Furthermore, the overexpression ofABCA2 in methotrexate, vinblastine and/or doxorubicin treated Jurkat cells are observed in several publications. The recent study of our group showsthatthe overexpression ofABCA2 gene in children with ALL increases the risk of MDR by 15 times. ABCA2 is the second identified member of the ABCA; ABC transporters' subfamily. ABCA2 gene expression profile is suggested to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in ALL treatment. Better understanding of the MDR mechanisms and the factors involved may improve the therapeutic outcome of ALL by modifying the treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aberuyi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Rahgozar
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Moafi
- Department of Paediatric-Oncology, SayedolShohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Arzt L, Kothmaier H, Halbwedl I, Quehenberger F, Popper HH. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) acts like an oncogene in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:79-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Steinbacher JL, Landry CC. Adsorption and release of siRNA from porous silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4396-405. [PMID: 24087929 PMCID: PMC3997627 DOI: 10.1021/la402850m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous silica particles are potential transfection agents for nucleic acid-based therapies because of their large specific surface areas and pore volumes and the ease with which they can be chemically modified to maximize the loading of cargo and to effect targeting in vivo. Here, we present a systematic study of the effects of pore size and pore modification on the adsorption and release of short, interfering RNA (siRNA) from a mesoporous silica particle developed in our laboratory. Using adsorption isotherms and release experiments, we found that the short polyamine diethylenetriamine was the best chemical modification for achieving both the adsorption and release of large amounts of siRNA. The degree of functionalization with diethylenetriamine caused drastic changes in the loading capacity and binding strength of siRNA to silica with relatively large pores (8 nm and larger), but the degree of functionalization had a weaker effect in narrow pores (4 nm). Multilayer adsorption could occur in materials with large pores (15 nm). Release experiments showed that intermediate pore sizes and intermediate degrees of functionalization resulted in the best compromise between maximizing loading (from strong adsorption) and maximizing release. Capillary electrophoresis and quantitative, real-time PCR demonstrated that siRNA was released intact and that these particles functioned as a transfection agent of mammalian cells in vitro.
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44
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Cioce M, Canino C, Goparaju C, Yang H, Carbone M, Pass HI. Autocrine CSF-1R signaling drives mesothelioma chemoresistance via AKT activation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1167. [PMID: 24722292 PMCID: PMC5424113 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is very challenging because of the uncommon resistance of this tumor to chemotherapy. We report here increased expression of macrophage colony-stimulating-factor-1-receptor (M-CSF/CSF-1R) mRNA in mesothelioma versus normal tissue specimens and demonstrate that CSF-1R expression identifies chemoresistant cells of mesothelial nature in both primary cultures and mesothelioma cell lines. By using RNAi or ligand trapping, we demonstrate that the chemoresistance properties of those cells depend on autocrine CSF-1R signaling. At the single-cell level, the isolated CSF-1Rpos cells exhibit a complex repertoire of pluripotency, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and detoxifying factors, which define a clonogenic, chemoresistant, precursor-like cell sub-population. The simple activation of CSF-1R in untransformed mesothelial cells is sufficient to confer clonogenicity and resistance to pemetrexed, hallmarks of mesothelioma. In addition, this induced a gene expression profile highly mimicking that observed in the MPM cells endogenously expressing the receptor and the ligands, suggesting that CSF-1R expression is mainly responsible for the phenotype of the identified cell sub-populations. The survival of CSF1Rpos cells requires active AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) signaling, which contributed to increased levels of nuclear, transcriptionally competent β-catenin. Inhibition of AKT reduced the transcriptional activity of β-catenin-dependent reporters and sensitized the cells to senescence-induced clonogenic death after pemetrexed treatment. This work expands what is known on the non-macrophage functions of CSF-1R and its role in solid tumors, and suggests that CSF-1R signaling may have a critical pathogenic role in a prototypical, inflammation-related cancer such as MPM and therefore may represent a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cioce
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Canino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Goparaju
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HA, USA
| | - M Carbone
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HA, USA
| | - H I Pass
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Miller JM, Thompson JK, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Westbom CM, Sayan M, Shukla A. Curcumin: a double hit on malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:330-40. [PMID: 24431405 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mediator in the development of malignant mesothelioma, which has a dismal prognosis and poor therapeutic strategies. Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol in turmeric, has been shown to possess anticarcinogenic properties through its anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammasomes, a component of inflammation, control the activation of caspase-1 leading to pyroptosis and processing of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In the present study, we investigate the role of curcumin in pyroptotic cell death of malignant mesothelioma cells. Using in vitro models with mouse and human malignant mesothelioma cells, curcumin is shown to induce pyroptosis through activation of caspase-1 and increased release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) without processing of IL-1β and IL-18. Absence of IL-1β processing in response to curcumin-mediated caspase-1 activation is attributed to blockade of pro-IL-1β priming through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, curcumin's cytotoxicity in malignant mesothelioma cells is demonstrated to be dependent on pyroptosis as inhibition of caspase-1 resulted in protection against curcumin-induced cell death. We also demonstrate that curcumin-mediated caspase-1 activation is oxidant dependent by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to inhibit pyroptosis. PCR array analysis using the human inflammasome template revealed that curcumin significantly downregulated levels of inflammasome-related gene expression involved in inflammation, e.g., NF-κB, toll-like receptors (TLR), and IL-1β. Our data indicate that curcumin has a double effect on malignant mesothelioma cells through induction of pyroptosis while subsequently protecting against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, HSRF 216, Burlington, VT 05405-0068.
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Un K, Sakai-Kato K, Kawanishi T, Okuda H, Goda Y. Effects of Liposomal Phospholipids and Lipid Transport-Related Protein on the Intracellular Fate of Encapsulated Doxorubicin. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:560-7. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Un
- Division
of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division
of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Kawanishi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Okuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- Division
of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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47
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Zhao L, Li N, Yu JK, Tang HT, Li YL, He M, Yu ZJ, Bai XF, Zheng ZH, Wang EH, Wei MJ. RNAi-mediated knockdown of FANCF suppresses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance potential of breast cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 47:24-34. [PMID: 24345874 PMCID: PMC3932970 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia complementation group F protein (FANCF) is a key factor, which
maintains the function of FA/BRCA, a DNA damage response pathway. However, the
functional role of FANCF in breast cancer has not been elucidated. We performed a
specific FANCF-shRNA knockdown of endogenous FANCF in vitro. Cell
viability was measured with a CCK-8 assay. DNA damage was assessed with an alkaline
comet assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle, and drug accumulation were measured by flow
cytometry. The expression levels of protein were determined by Western blot using
specific antibodies. Based on these results, we used cell migration and invasion
assays to demonstrate a crucial role for FANCF in those processes. FANCF shRNA
effectively inhibited expression of FANCF. We found that proliferation of FANCF
knockdown breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435S) was significantly inhibited,
with cell cycle arrest in the S phase, induction of apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation.
Inhibition of FANCF also resulted in decreased cell migration and invasion. In
addition, FANCF knockdown enhanced sensitivity to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells.
These results suggest that FANCF may be a potential target for molecular, therapeutic
intervention in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - N Li
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - J K Yu
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - H T Tang
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Y L Li
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - M He
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Z J Yu
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - X F Bai
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - Z H Zheng
- China Medical University, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Heping Ward, Shenyang City,Liaoning, China, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - E H Wang
- China Medical University, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Heping Ward, Shenyang City,Liaoning, China, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
| | - M J Wei
- China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Heping Ward, Shenyang CityLiaoning, China, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Heping Ward, Shenyang City, Liaoning, China
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Riganti C, Castella B, Kopecka J, Campia I, Coscia M, Pescarmona G, Bosia A, Ghigo D, Massaia M. Zoledronic acid restores doxorubicin chemosensitivity and immunogenic cell death in multidrug-resistant human cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60975. [PMID: 23593363 PMCID: PMC3625183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Durable tumor cell eradication by chemotherapy is challenged by the development of multidrug-resistance (MDR) and the failure to induce immunogenic cell death. The aim of this work was to investigate whether MDR and immunogenic cell death share a common biochemical pathway eventually amenable to therapeutic intervention. We found that mevalonate pathway activity, Ras and RhoA protein isoprenylation, Ras- and RhoA-downstream signalling pathway activities, Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha activation were significantly higher in MDR+ compared with MDR− human cancer cells, leading to increased P-glycoprotein expression, and protection from doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and immunogenic cell death. Zoledronic acid, a potent aminobisphosphonate targeting the mevalonate pathway, interrupted Ras- and RhoA-dependent downstream signalling pathways, abrogated the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha-driven P-glycoprotein expression, and restored doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and immunogenic cell death in MDR+ cells. Immunogenic cell death recovery was documented by the ability of dendritic cells to phagocytise MDR+ cells treated with zoledronic acid plus doxorubicin, and to recruit anti-tumor cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. These data indicate that MDR+ cells have an hyper-active mevalonate pathway which is targetable with zoledronic acid to antagonize their ability to withstand chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity and escape immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Shukla A, Miller JM, Cason C, Sayan M, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Hillegass J, Vacek PM, Pass HI, Mossman BT. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5: a potential therapeutic target for malignant mesotheliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2071-83. [PMID: 23446998 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant mesothelioma is a devastating disease with a need for new treatment strategies. In the present study, we showed the importance of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in malignant mesothelioma tumor growth and treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ERK5 as a target for malignant mesothelioma therapy was verified using mesothelial and mesothelioma cell lines as well as by xenograft severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse models. RESULTS We first showed that crocidolite asbestos activated ERK5 in LP9 cells and mesothelioma cell lines exhibit constitutive activation of ERK5. Addition of doxorubicin resulted in further activation of ERK5 in malignant mesothelioma cells. ERK5 silencing increased doxorubicin-induced cell death and doxorubicin retention in malignant mesothelioma cells. In addition, shERK5 malignant mesothelioma lines exhibited both attenuated colony formation on soft agar and invasion of malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro that could be related to modulation of gene expression linked to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration/invasion, and drug resistance as shown by microarray analysis. Most importantly, injection of shERK5 malignant mesothelioma cell lines into SCID mice showed significant reduction in tumor growth using both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal models. Assessment of selected human cytokine profiles in peritoneal lavage fluid from intraperitoneal shERK5 and control tumor-bearing mice showed that ERK5 was critical in regulation of various proinflammatory (RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1) and angiogenesis-related (interleukin-8, VEGF) cytokines. Finally, use of doxorubicin and cisplatin in combination with ERK5 inhibition showed further reduction in tumor weight and volume in the intraperitoneal model of tumor growth. CONCLUSION ERK5 inhibition in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs is a beneficial strategy for combination therapy in patients with malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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50
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Mossman BT, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Verschraegen CF, Thomas A, Hassan R. New insights into understanding the mechanisms, pathogenesis, and management of malignant mesotheliomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1065-77. [PMID: 23395095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a relatively rare but devastating tumor that is increasing worldwide. Yet, because of difficulties in early diagnosis and resistance to conventional therapies, MM remains a challenge for pathologists and clinicians to treat. In recent years, much has been revealed regarding the mechanisms of interactions of pathogenic fibers with mesothelial cells, crucial signaling pathways, and genetic and epigenetic events that may occur during the pathogenesis of these unusual, pleiomorphic tumors. These observations support a scenario whereby mesothelial cells undergo a series of chronic injury, inflammation, and proliferation in the long latency period of MM development that may be perpetuated by durable fibers, the tumor microenvironment, and inflammatory stimuli. One culprit in sustained inflammation is the activated inflammasome, a component of macrophages or mesothelial cells that leads to production of chemotactic, growth-promoting, and angiogenic cytokines. This information has been vital to designing novel therapeutic approaches for patients with MM that focus on immunotherapy, targeting growth factor receptors and pathways, overcoming resistance to apoptosis, and modifying epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T Mossman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068, USA.
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