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Aune SK, Helseth R, Kalstad AA, Laake K, Åkra S, Arnesen H, Solheim S, Seljeflot I. Links Between Adipose Tissue Gene Expression of Gut Leakage Markers, Circulating Levels, Anthropometrics, and Diet in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2177-2190. [PMID: 38827167 PMCID: PMC11144434 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-translocation to play a role in both systemic inflammation and in inflammatory adipose tissue. We aimed to investigate whether circulating LPS-related inflammatory markers and corresponding genetic expression in adipose tissue were associated with obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and dietary habits in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Patients (n=382) suffering a myocardial infarction 2-8 weeks prior to inclusion were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), taken from the gluteal region, and fasting blood samples were collected at inclusion for determination of genetic expression of LPS-binding protein (LBP), CD14, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 in SAT, and LPS, LBP, and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) in the circulation. All patients filled out a dietary registration form. Results Patients (median age 74 years, 25% women), had a median body mass index (BMI) of 25.9 kg/m2. Circulating levels of LBP correlated to BMI (p=0.02), were significantly higher in overweight or obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) compared to normal- or underweight patients (BMI<25 kg/m2), and were significantly elevated in patients with T2DM, hypertension, and MetS, compared to patients without (p≤0.04, all). In SAT, gene expression of CD14 and LBP correlated significantly to BMI (p≤0.001, both), and CD14 and TLR2 expressions were significantly higher in patients with T2DM and MetS compared to patients without (p≤0.001, both). Circulating and genetically expressed CD14 associated with use of n-3 PUFAs (p=0.008 and p=0.003, respectively). No other significant associations were found between the measured markers and dietary habits. Conclusion In patients with established CAD, circulating levels of LBP and gene expression of CD14 and TLR2 in SAT were related to obesity, MetS, T2DM, and hypertension. This suggests that the LPS-LBP-CD14 inflammatory axis is activated in the chronic low-grade inflammation associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities, whereas no significant associations with dietary habits were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kristine Aune
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Helseth
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are A Kalstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Laake
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Åkra
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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Listyoko AS, Okazaki R, Harada T, Inui G, Yamasaki A. Impact of obesity on airway remodeling in asthma: pathophysiological insights and clinical implications. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1365801. [PMID: 38562155 PMCID: PMC10982419 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1365801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among asthma patients has surged in recent years, posing a significant risk factor for uncontrolled asthma. Beyond its impact on asthma severity and patients' quality of life, obesity is associated with reduced lung function, increased asthma exacerbations, hospitalizations, heightened airway hyperresponsiveness, and elevated asthma-related mortality. Obesity may lead to metabolic dysfunction and immune dysregulation, fostering chronic inflammation characterized by increased pro-inflammatory mediators and adipocytokines, elevated reactive oxygen species, and reduced antioxidant activity. This chronic inflammation holds the potential to induce airway remodeling in individuals with asthma and obesity. Airway remodeling encompasses structural and pathological changes, involving alterations in the airway's epithelial and subepithelial layers, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, and changes in airway vascularity. In individuals with asthma and obesity, airway remodeling may underlie heightened airway hyperresponsiveness and increased asthma severity, ultimately contributing to the development of persistent airflow limitation, declining lung function, and a potential increase in asthma-related mortality. Despite efforts to address the impact of obesity on asthma outcomes, the intricate mechanisms linking obesity to asthma pathophysiology, particularly concerning airway remodeling, remain incompletely understood. This comprehensive review discusses current research investigating the influence of obesity on airway remodeling, to enhance our understanding of obesity's role in the context of asthma airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sri Listyoko
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University-Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ryota Okazaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tomoya Harada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Genki Inui
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Al-Rashed F, Arefanian H, Madhoun AA, Bahman F, Sindhu S, AlSaeed H, Jacob T, Thomas R, Al-Roub A, Alzaid F, Malik MDZ, Nizam R, Thanaraj TA, Al-Mulla F, Hannun YA, Ahmad R. Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Inhibition Limits Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:463. [PMID: 38474427 PMCID: PMC10931069 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is manifested by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, hepatocyte death, and systemic inflammation. Obesity induces steatosis and chronic inflammation in the liver. However, the precise mechanism underlying hepatic steatosis in the setting of obesity remains unclear. Here, we report studies that address this question. After 14 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD) with high sucrose, C57BL/6 mice revealed a phenotype of liver steatosis. Transcriptional profiling analysis of the liver tissues was performed using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our RNA-seq data revealed 692 differentially expressed genes involved in processes of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, immune responses, and cell proliferation. Notably, the gene encoding neutral sphingomyelinase, SMPD3, was predominantly upregulated in the liver tissues of the mice displaying a phenotype of steatosis. Moreover, nSMase2 activity was elevated in these tissues of the liver. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of nSMase2 prevented intracellular lipid accumulation and TNFα-induced inflammation in in-vitro HepG2-steatosis cellular model. Furthermore, nSMase2 inhibition ameliorates oxidative damage by rescuing PPARα and preventing cell death associated with high glucose/oleic acid-induced fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. Collectively, our findings highlight the prominent role of nSMase2 in hepatic steatosis, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD and other hepatic steatosis-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Hossein Arefanian
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Fatemah Bahman
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Halemah AlSaeed
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Texy Jacob
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Areej Al-Roub
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - MD Zubbair Malik
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.Z.M.); (R.N.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.Z.M.); (R.N.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.Z.M.); (R.N.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.Z.M.); (R.N.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (F.B.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (R.T.); (A.A.-R.)
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Liu J, Zaidi A, Pike CJ. Microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR-4 protects against neural effects of diet-induced obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580189. [PMID: 38405877 PMCID: PMC10888944 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous adverse neural effects, including reduced neurogenesis, cognitive impairment, and increased risks for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Obesity is also characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation that is implicated in mediating negative consequences body-wide. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling from peripheral macrophages is implicated as an essential regulator of the systemic inflammatory effects of obesity. In the brain, obesity drives chronic neuroinflammation that involves microglial activation, however the contributions of microglia-derived TLR4 signaling to the consequences of obesity are poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we first generated mice that carry an inducible, microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR4 that yields long-term TLR4 knockout only in brain indicating microglial specificity. Next, we analyzed the effects of microglial TLR4 deletion on systemic and neural effects of a 16-week of exposure to control versus obesogenic high-fat diets. In male mice, TLR4 deletion generally yielded limited effects on diet-induced systemic metabolic dysfunction but significantly reduced neuroinflammation and impairments in neurogenesis and cognitive performance. In female mice maintained on obesogenic diet, TLR4 deletion partially protected against weight gain, adiposity, and metabolic impairments. Compared to males, females showed milder diet-induced neural consequences, against which TLR4 deletion was protective. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a central role of microglial TLR4 signaling in mediating the neural effects of obesogenic diet and highlight sexual dimorphic responses to both diet and TLR4.
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Khairy EY, Saad A. Relationship between the thrombospondin-1/Toll-like receptor 4 (TSP1/TLR4) pathway and vitamin D levels in obese and normal weight subjects with different metabolic phenotypes. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:29. [PMID: 37964189 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) contributes to obesity-associated inflammation via activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The regulatory role of vitamin D on this pathway has been suggested. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TSP1/TLR4 pathway and vitamin D in obese and normal weight subjects with different metabolic phenotypes. Thirty obese and thirty normal weight men were selected. Anthropometric parameters and serum TSP1, TLR4, TNF-α, vitamin D, and metabolic profile were determined. Metabolic phenotypes of obese and normal weight subjects were determined. Findings revealed enhanced TSP1/TLR4/TNF-α levels and reduced 25(OH)D levels in obese compared to normal weight subjects and metabolically unhealthy compared to metabolically healthy subjects. TSP1 correlated positively with parameters of unhealthy metabolic profile. TSP1, TLR4 and TNF-α levels significantly negatively correlated with vitamin D levels. In conclusion, vitamin D might exert a regulatory role on TSP1/TLR4 pathway, providing a potential mechanism that links hypovitaminosis D with risk of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Khairy
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165, Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Azza Saad
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165, Horreya Avenue, Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
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Soltani N, Marandi SM, Hovsepian V, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N. Resistance exercise training augments the immunomodulatory adaptations to aerobic high-intensity interval training. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2264-2273. [PMID: 37278396 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2222703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To compare the effectiveness of different types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on meta-inflammation during obesity, TLR4 pathway activities were assessed following a 10-week randomized trial. 30 young females with overweight and obesity were randomly allocated to aerobic HIIT (HIIT/AE) or resistance exercise in HIIT (HIIT/RE) and performed a 28-minute (4 × 4 min) in each session. During each interval, the HIIT/AE performed four minutes of all-extremity cycling, whereas the HIIT/RE completed four minutes of combined resistance exercises and all-extremity cycling. The TLR4 pathway gene expression was measured for the TLR4 receptor, downstream adaptors (TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88), transcriptional factors (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3), and its negative regulator (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)). The serum levels of TNFα, interferon (IFN) γ, interleukin (IL)-10, and adiponectin were measured. We found that TLR4 (HIIT/RE: 0.6 ± 0.43 vs. HIIT/AE: 1.24 ± 0.82, p = 0.02), TRIF (HIIT/RE: 0.51 ± 0.4 vs. HIIT/AE: 3.56 ± 0.52, p = 0.001), and IRF3 (HIIT/RE: 0.49 ± 0.42 vs. HIIT/AE: 0.6 ± 0.89; p = 0.04) levels were significantly downregulated in HIIT/RE compared to the HIIT/AE, with a significant reduction in serum levels of TNFα (pg/ml) (HIIT/RE: 22.5 ± 11.3 to 6.3 ± 5.3 vs. HIIT/AE: 19.16 ± 20.8 to 13.48 ± 21.7, p = 0.04) and IFNγ (pg/ml) (HIIT/RE: 43.5 ± 20.6 to 37.5 ± 4.3 vs. HIIT/AE: 37.6 ± 5.6 to 68.1 ± 22.5, p = 0.03). Adiponectin and IL-10 levels did not significantly differ between the two groups. Thus, resistance exercise training augments the immunomodulatory adaptations to HIIT and should be prescribed to people at risk of cardiometabolic disease.Highlights HIIT in combination with resistance exercise looks more effective than HIIT alone to target TLR4-mediated inflammation in individuals with overweight and obesity.HIIT/RE induces a different effect on two downstream cascades of TLR4, leading to a greater overall reduction of TRIF-dependent pathway activities compared to MYD88.Both HIIT protocols show comparable effects on the negative regulatory protein TNFAIP3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Volga Hovsepian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Pedicillo MC, De Stefano IS, Zamparese R, Barile R, Meccariello M, Agostinone A, Villani G, Colangelo T, Serviddio G, Cassano T, Ronchi A, Franco R, Pannone P, Zito Marino F, Miele F, Municinò M, Pannone G. The Role of Toll-like Receptor-4 in Macrophage Imbalance in Lethal COVID-19 Lung Disease, and Its Correlation with Galectin-3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13259. [PMID: 37686069 PMCID: PMC10487501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To the current data, there have been 6,955,141 COVID-19-related deaths worldwide, reported to WHO. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) implicated in bacterial and virus sensing could be a crosstalk between activation of persistent innate-immune inflammation, and macrophage's sub-population alterations, implicated in cytokine storm, macrophage over-activation syndrome, unresolved Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS), and death. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the association between Toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR-4)-induced inflammation and macrophage imbalance in the lung inflammatory infiltrate of lethal COVID-19 disease. Twenty-five cases of autopsy lung tissues were studied by digital pathology-based immunohistochemistry to evaluate expression levels of TLR-4 (CD 284), pan-macrophage marker CD68 (clone KP1), sub-population marker related to alveolar macrophage Galectin-3 (GAL-3) (clone 9C4), and myeloid derived CD163 (clone MRQ-26), respectively. SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence has been evaluated by in situ hybridation (ISH) method. This study showed TLR-4 up-regulation in a subgroup of patients, increased macrophage infiltration in both Spike-1(+) and Spike-1(-) lungs (p < 0.0001), and a macrophage shift with important down-regulation of GAL-3(+) alveolar macrophages associated with Spike-1 persistence (p < 0.05), in favor of CD163(+) myeloid derived monocyte-macrophages. Data show that TLR-4 expression induces a persistent activation of the inflammation, with inefficient resolution, and pathological macrophage shift, thus explaining one of the mechanisms of lethal COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Pedicillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ilenia Sara De Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Rosanna Zamparese
- Legal Medicine Unit, Ascoli Piceno Hospital C-G. Mazzoni, Viale Degli Iris 13, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Barile
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Mario Meccariello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Alessio Agostinone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuliana Villani
- Policlinico Riuniti, University-Hospital, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
- Cancer Cell Signalling Unit, Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), IRCCS Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini sc.c., San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (M.M.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (R.F.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (R.F.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Paola Pannone
- Federico II, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, via Sergio Pasini, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, via Luciano Armanni, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (R.F.); (F.Z.M.)
| | - Francesco Miele
- Department of Surgery, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Municinò
- Forensic Medicine Unit, “S. Giuliano” Hospital, via Giambattista Basile, 80014 Giugliano in Campania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L.Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.C.P.); (I.S.D.S.); (A.A.)
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Wang C, Yi Z, Jiao Y, Shen Z, Yang F, Zhu S. Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Microenvironment Interactions in Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:821. [PMID: 37512528 PMCID: PMC10383923 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly serious global health problem. Some studies have revealed that the gut microbiota and its metabolites make important contributions to the onset of obesity. The gut microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem composed of diverse microbial communities with key regulatory functions in host metabolism and energy balance. Disruption of the gut microbiota can result in obesity, a chronic metabolic condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Host tissues (e.g., adipose, intestinal epithelial, and muscle tissues) can modulate the gut microbiota via microenvironmental interactions that involve hormone and cytokine secretion, changes in nutrient availability, and modifications of the gut environment. The interactions between host tissues and the gut microbiota are complex and bidirectional, with important effects on host health and obesity. This review provides a comprehensive summary of gut microbiota changes associated with obesity, the functional roles of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and the importance of the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and target tissues in the pathogenesis of obesity. It places particular emphasis on the roles of adipose tissue microenvironment interactions in the onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihan Yi
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye Jiao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bahman F, AlSaeed H, Albeloushi S, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R, Al-Rashed F. The role of TLR2 in exercise-induced immunomodulation in normal weight individuals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10703. [PMID: 37400578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for several disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and diabetes mellitus. Daily levels physical activity (PA) has been purported to influence the systemic circulation of cytokines, affecting the overall activation of TLRs and influencing the inflammatory milieu. Objective and self-reported daily PA was tracked in 69 normal-weight adults. Freedson's cut-offs categorized daily PA intensity into the 25th lowest, medium, and top percentiles. Monocytic TLR2 expression was quantified by flow cytometry in fresh whole blood. Cross-sectional associations between flow cytometry measured TLR2+ subsets and clinical biomarkers were evaluated. PA increased circulation of TLR2+ monocytes. TLR2 expression was adversely corelated with reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) levels. However, regression analysis indicated that only TG levels were independently linked with TLR2+ subsets in circulation in active participants. Higher daily levels of physical activity are associated with improved cardiovascular blood markers and elevated circulatory monocytic TLR2+ subsets. These findings suggest that TLR2 may play a role in modulating CVD risk factors in individuals leading physically active lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Bahman
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Halemah AlSaeed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Shaima Albeloushi
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait.
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Bisht MK, Dahiya P, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. The cause-effect relation of tuberculosis on incidence of diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134036. [PMID: 37434784 PMCID: PMC10330781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity across the Globe. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causal agent of TB is one of the most successful pathogens known to mankind. Malnutrition, smoking, co-infection with other pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or conditions like diabetes further aggravate the tuberculosis pathogenesis. The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis is well known and the immune-metabolic changes during diabetes are known to cause increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. Many epidemiological studies suggest the occurrence of hyperglycemia during active TB leading to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects is not well understood. In this review, we have described possible causal factors like inflammation, host metabolic changes triggered by tuberculosis that could contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We have also discussed therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes during TB, which may help in designing future strategies to cope with TB-DM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Bisht
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Dahiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
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Eliuz Tipici B, Coskunpinar E, Altunkanat D, Cagatay P, Omer B, Palanduz S, Satman I, Aral F. Lactobacillus GG is associated with mucin genes expressions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03139-3. [PMID: 36997822 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that dysbiosis of gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation are important pathogenic determinants of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus GG on glycemic control, lipid profile, inflammatory parameters, and some gene expression levels in individuals with T2DM. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 34 women, aged 30-60 years with T2DM consumed daily probiotics or placebo for 8 weeks. The probiotic group consumed 10 × 109 Cfu/day Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53,103 (LGG), approved by the TR Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock. Anthropometric measurements, food diary, fasting blood, and fecal samples were taken at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS Fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased in probiotic (p = 0.049) and placebo (p = 0.028), but there was no difference between the groups. In the probiotic group, no significant difference was observed in HbA1c, fructosamine, lipid profile, and inflammatory variables compared to baseline. In this group, with LGG supplementation, mucin 2 and 3A (MUC2 and MUC3A) gene expressions increased more than ninefolds (p = 0.046 and p = 0.008, respectively) at post-treatment. Meanwhile, there was no significant change in any of the gene expressions in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in energy, protein, dietary fiber, and cholesterol intakes between placebo and probiotic groups during the study. However, daily fat intake (p = 0.003), body weight (p = 0.014), and body fat (p = 0.015) in the probiotic group were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In this study, the effects of a single probiotic strain were investigated for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, although there was no finding that clearly reflected on the glycemic parameters of T2DM, its beneficial effects on the expression of mucin genes, which are responsible for weight loss and protection of intestinal barrier functions, cannot be denied. Further studies are needed to reveal the importance of these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: NCT05066152, October 4, 2021 retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov PRS web site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Eliuz Tipici
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ender Coskunpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Altunkanat
- Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Penbe Cagatay
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Omer
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Palanduz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Satman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferihan Aral
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al Madhoun A, Kochumon S, Haddad D, Thomas R, Nizam R, Miranda L, Sindhu S, Bitar MS, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F. Adipose Tissue Caveolin-1 Upregulation in Obesity Involves TNF-α/NF-κB Mediated Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071019. [PMID: 37048092 PMCID: PMC10093236 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. Obese people have higher levels of caveolin-1 (CAV1), a structural and functional protein present in adipose tissues (ATs). We aimed to define the inflammatory mediators that influence CAV1 gene regulation and the associated mechanisms in obesity. Using subcutaneous AT from 27 (7 lean and 20 obese) normoglycemic individuals, in vitro human adipocyte models, and in vivo mice models, we found elevated CAV1 expression in obese AT and a positive correlation between the gene expression of CAV1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). CAV1 gene expression was associated with proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their cognate receptors (r ≥ 0.447, p ≤ 0.030), but not with anti-inflammatory markers. CAV1 expression was correlated with CD163, indicating a prospective role for CAV1 in the adipose inflammatory microenvironment. Unlike wild-type animals, mice lacking TNF-α exhibited reduced levels of CAV1 mRNA/proteins, which were elevated by administering exogenous TNF-α. Mechanistically, TNF-α induces CAV1 gene transcription by mediating NF-κB binding to its two regulatory elements located in the CAV1 proximal regulatory region. The interplay between CAV1 and the TNF-α signaling pathway is intriguing and has potential as a target for therapeutic interventions in obesity and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (R.A.); (F.A.-M.); Tel.: +965-2224-2999 (ext. 2211) (F.A.-M.)
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Dania Haddad
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Lavina Miranda
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Milad S. Bitar
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya 046300, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (R.A.); (F.A.-M.); Tel.: +965-2224-2999 (ext. 2211) (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (R.N.); (M.S.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (R.A.); (F.A.-M.); Tel.: +965-2224-2999 (ext. 2211) (F.A.-M.)
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13
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Radzyukevich YV, Kosyakova NI, Prokhorenko IR. Impact of Comorbidity of Bronchial Asthma and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Expression and Functional Activity of TLR2 and TLR4 Receptors. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020550. [PMID: 36836906 PMCID: PMC9965069 DOI: 10.3390/life13020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate the active progression of various forms of diabetes mellitus in patients with bronchial asthma (BA), but little is known about the mechanisms of comorbidity formation. TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in the progression of asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These receptors are involved in the inflammatory response to Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria, respectively, so changes in their expression may affect the predisposition of patients to bacteremia. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and functional activity of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) on peripheral blood cells of patients with BA, T2DM, and BA + T2DM. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Whole blood samples were incubated with lipopolysaccharides from E. coli (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid from S. pyogenes (LTA). The concentration of cytokines and soluble blood proteins was determined by ELISA. Patients with comorbid diseases showed a statistically significant increase in TLR2 expression on both monocytes and neutrophils compared with healthy donors and patients with BA. We found increased expression of TLR4 on the surface of blood monocytes from patients compared to donors. The activation of blood cells of patients and donors with LPS or LTA led to an increase in the expression of "fast" pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). In patients with BA, the average production of TNF-α in response to endotoxin was two times higher than in other studied groups. The reactions of blood cells in patients with T2DM and BA + T2DM did not differ significantly. The expression and functional activity of TLR2 and TLR4 on the blood cells of patients with comorbid disease were similar to those only in patients with T2DM. The greatest increase in the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in response to LPS and LTA was observed in patients with BA, which can lead to an inadequate response to bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav V. Radzyukevich
- Hospital of Pushchino Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ninel I. Kosyakova
- Hospital of Pushchino Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Isabella R. Prokhorenko
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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14
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Chen G, Li Z, Sang Q, Wang L, Wuyun Q, Wang Z, Chen W, Yu C, Lian D, Zhang N. Establishment of a Nomogram Based on Inflammatory Response-Related Methylation Sites in Intraoperative Visceral Adipose Tissue to Predict EWL% at One Year After LSG. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1335-1345. [PMID: 37188226 PMCID: PMC10178382 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s402687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is considered as an effective bariatric and metabolic surgery for patients with severe obesity. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is associated with obesity and obesity-related complications. Objective This study intends to establish a nomogram based on inflammatory response-related methylation sites in intraoperative visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to predict excess weight loss (EWL)% at one-year after LSG. Methods Based on EWL% at one-year after LSG, patients were divided into two groups: the satisfied group (group-A, EWL%≥50%) and the unsatisfied group (group-B, EWL%<50%). Next, we defined genes corresponding to the methylation sites in the 850 K methylation microarray as methylation-related genes (MRGs). We then took the intersection of MRGs and inflammatory response-related genes. After that, inflammatory response-related methylation sites were identified based on overlapping genes. Moreover, difference analysis was carried out to obtain inflammatory response-related differentially methylated sites (IRRDMSs) between group-A and group-B. LASSO analysis was used to identify the hub methylation sites. Finally, we developed a nomogram based on the hub methylation sites. Results There were 26 patients in the study, with 13 in group-A and 13 in group-B. After data filtering and difference analysis, 200 IRRDMSs were identified (143 hypermethylated sites and 57 hypomethylated sites). Then, we identified three hub methylation sites (cg03610073, cg03208951, and cg18746357) by LASSO analysis and built a predictive nomogram (Area under the curve=0.953). Conclusion The predictive nomogram based on three inflammatory-related methylation sites (cg03610073, cg03208951, and cg18746357) in intraoperative visceral adipose tissue can predict one-year EWL% after LSG effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhehong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqige Wuyun
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dongbo Lian; Nengwei Zhang, Email ;
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Expression of Steroid Receptor RNA Activator 1 (SRA1) in the Adipose Tissue Is Associated with TLRs and IRFs in Diabesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244007. [PMID: 36552771 PMCID: PMC9776802 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor RNA activator gene (SRA1) emerges as a player in pathophysiological responses of adipose tissue (AT) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed association of the AT SRA1 expression with inflammatory cytokines/chemokines involved in metabolic derangement. However, the relationship between altered adipose expression of SRA1 and the innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as players in nutrient sensing and metabolic inflammation as well as their downstream signaling partners, including interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the association of AT SRA1 expression with TLRs, IRFs, and other TLR-downstream signaling mediators in a cohort of 108 individuals, classified based on their body mass index (BMI) as persons with normal-weight (N = 12), overweight (N = 32), and obesity (N = 64), including 55 with and 53 without T2D. The gene expression of SRA1, TLRs-2,3,4,7,8,9,10 and their downstream signaling mediators including IRFs-3,4,5, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined using qRT-PCR and SRA1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. AT SRA1 transcripts' expression was significantly correlated with TLRs-3,4,7, MyD88, NF-κB, and IRF5 expression in individuals with T2D, while it associated with TLR9 and TRAF6 expression in all individuals, with/without T2D. SRA1 expression associated with TLR2, IRAK1, and IRF3 expression only in individuals with obesity, regardless of diabetes status. Furthermore, TLR3/TLR7/IRAK1 and TLR3/TLR9 were identified as independent predictors of AT SRA1 expression in individuals with obesity and T2D, respectively. Overall, our data demonstrate a direct association between the AT SRA1 expression and the TLRs together with their downstream signaling partners and IRFs in individuals with obesity and/or T2D.
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Caveolin-1 rs1997623 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Creates a New Binding Site for the Early B-Cell Factor 1 That Instigates Adipose Tissue CAV1 Protein Overexpression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233937. [PMID: 36497195 PMCID: PMC9738758 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity. Previously, we demonstrated an association between the CAV1 rs1997623 C > A variant and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, we decipher the functional role of rs1997623 in CAV1 gene regulation. A cohort of 38 patients participated in this study. The quantitative MetS scores (siMS) of the participants were computed. CAV1 transcript and protein expression were tested in subcutaneous adipose tissue using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed using primary preadipocytes isolated from individuals with different CAV1 rs1997623 genotypes (AA, AC, and CC). The regulatory region flanking the variant was cloned into a luciferase reporter plasmid and expressed in human preadipocytes. Additional knockdown and overexpression assays were carried out. We show a significant correlation between siMS and CAV1 transcript levels and protein levels in human adipose tissue collected from an Arab cohort. We found that the CAV1 rs1997623 A allele generates a transcriptionally active locus and a new transcription factor binding site for early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), which enhanced CAV1 expression. Our in vivo and in vitro combined study implicates, for the first time, EBF1 in regulating CAV1 expression in individuals harboring the rs1997623 C > A variant.
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Dectin-1 as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker for Metabolic Inflammation in Adipose Tissue of Individuals with Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182879. [PMID: 36139454 PMCID: PMC9496833 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, macrophage activation and infiltration in adipose tissue (AT) underlie chronic low-grade inflammation-induced insulin resistance. Although dectin-1 is primarily a pathogen recognition receptor and innate immune response modulator, its role in metabolic syndromes remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the dectin-1 gene expression in subcutaneous AT in the context of obesity and associated inflammatory markers. Subcutaneous AT biopsies were collected from 59 nondiabetic (lean/overweight/obese) individuals. AT gene expression levels of dectin-1 and inflammatory markers were determined via real-time reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Dectin-1 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Plasma lipid profiles were measured by ELISA. AT dectin-1 transcripts and proteins were significantly elevated in obese as compared to lean individuals. AT dectin-1 transcripts correlated positively with body mass index and fat percentage (r ≥ 0.340, p ≤ 0.017). AT dectin-1 RNA levels correlated positively with clinical parameters, including plasma C-reactive protein and CCL5/RANTES, but negatively with that of adiponectin. The expression of dectin-1 transcripts was associated with that of various proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and their cognate receptors (r ≥ 0.300, p ≤ 0.05), but not with anti-inflammatory markers. Dectin-1 and members of the TLR signaling cascade were found to be significantly associated, suggesting an interplay between the two pathways. Dectin-1 expression was correlated with monocyte/macrophage markers, including CD16, CD68, CD86, and CD163, suggesting its monocytes/macrophage association in an adipose inflammatory microenvironment. Dectin-1 expression was independently predicted by CCR5, CCL20, TLR2, and MyD88. In conclusion, dectin-1 may be regarded as an AT biomarker of metabolic inflammation in obesity.
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Li X, Zheng L, Zhang B, Deng ZY, Luo T. The Structure Basis of Phytochemicals as Metabolic Signals for Combating Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913883. [PMID: 35769384 PMCID: PMC9234462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to ameliorate obesity and related metabolic symptoms by regulating specific metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of the potential of phytochemicals as metabolic signals: we discuss herein selected molecular mechanisms which are involved in the occurrence of obesity that may be regulated by phytochemicals. The focus of our review highlights the regulation of transcription factors toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, the effect of phytochemicals on signaling pathways involved in obesity were discussed on the basis of their chemical structure, suggesting molecular mechanisms for how phytochemicals may impact these signaling pathways. For example, compounds with an isothiocyanate group or an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group may interact with the TLR4 signaling pathway. Regarding Nrf2, we examine compounds possessing an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group which binds covalently with the cysteine thiols of Keap1. Additionally, phytochemical activation of PPARs, FTO and miRNAs were summarized. This information may be of value to better understand how specific phytochemicals interact with specific signaling pathways and help guide the development of new drugs to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Nozu T, Okumura T. Pathophysiological Commonality Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome: Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor-Toll-like Receptor 4-Proinflammatory Cytokine Signaling. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:173-184. [PMID: 35189599 PMCID: PMC8978123 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) displays chronic abdominal pain with altered defecation. Most of the patients develop visceral hypersensitivity possibly resulting from impaired gut barrier and altered gut microbiota. We previously demonstrated that colonic hyperpermeability with visceral hypersensitivity in animal IBS models, which is mediated via corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-proinflammatory cytokine signaling. CRF impairs gut barrier via TLR4. Leaky gut induces bacterial translocation resulting in dysbiosis, and increases lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activation of TLR4 by LPS increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which activate visceral sensory neurons to induce visceral hypersensitivity. LPS also activates CRF receptors to further increase gut permeability. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and recently several researchers suggest the possibility that impaired gut barrier and dysbiosis with low-grade systemic inflammation are involved in MS. Moreover, TLR4-proinflammatory cytokine contributes to the development of insulin resistance and obesity. Thus, the existence of pathophysiological commonality between IBS and MS is expected. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of IBS and MS with reference to gut barrier and microbiota, and explores the possibility of existence of pathophysiological link between these diseases with a focus on CRF, TLR4, and proinflammatory cytokine signaling. We also review epidemiological data supporting this possibility, and discuss the potential of therapeutic application of the drugs used for MS to IBS treatment. This notion may pave the way for exploring novel therapeutic approaches for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.,Center for Medical Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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20
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Tijani RO, Molina-Tijeras JA, Vezza T, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A, Abiodun OO, Galvez J. Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv improves insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-induced obese mice by reducing inflammatory pathways activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114651. [PMID: 34537282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome is currently recognized as the major cause of morbidity, with dramatic complications on life expectancy and health status. Myrianthus arboreus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in local communities as a safe remedy in treating diabetes and other metabolic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the impact of a methanol extract of Myrianthus arboreus leaf (MAL) in a mice model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups: control, obese control, and obese treated with MAL extract (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Control mice received a standard chow diet, while all obese mice were fed with HFD. Animal weight and food consumption were periodically measured. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose and metabolic plasma analysis (insulin level, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC)) were performed. The HFD-induced inflammatory status and the expression of several obesity-related markers were evaluated in liver and fat using qPCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, the phytochemical composition of MAL was identified by GC-MS and HPLC-MS. RESULTS MAL administration significantly reduced body weight gain, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance, and improved plasma lipid profile compared with HFD-fed mice. Similarly, this extract improved the HFD-associated inflammatory status in mice by gene expression modulation of different inflammatory markers involved in this experimentally induced metabolic condition. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the novel applicability of MAL, thus suggesting it as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasidat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Oyindamola O Abiodun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
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21
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Han VX, Jones HF, Patel S, Mohammad SS, Hofer MJ, Alshammery S, Maple-Brown E, Gold W, Brilot F, Dale RC. Emerging evidence of Toll-like receptors as a putative pathway linking maternal inflammation and neurodevelopmental disorders in human offspring: A systematic review. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:91-105. [PMID: 34562595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognised to play a major role in gene-environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The effects of aberrant immune responses to environmental stimuli in the mother and in the child can affect neuroimmune signalling that is central to brain development. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are the best known innate immune pattern and danger recognition sensors to various environmental threats. In animal models, maternal immune activation (MIA), secondary to inflammatory factors including maternal gestational infection, obesity, diabetes, and stress activate the TLR pathway in maternal blood, placenta, and fetal brain, which correlate with offspring neurobehavioral abnormalities. Given the central role of TLR activation in animal MIA models, we systematically reviewed the human evidence for TLR activation and response to stimulation across the maternal-fetal interface. Firstly, we included 59 TLR studies performed in peripheral blood of adults in general population (outside of pregnancy) with six chronic inflammatory factors which have epidemiological evidence for increased risk of offspring NDDs, namely, obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, low socio-economic status, autoimmune diseases, and asthma. Secondly, eight TLR studies done in human pregnancies with chronic inflammatory factors, involving maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood, were reviewed. Lastly, ten TLR studies performed in peripheral blood of individuals with NDDs were included. Despite these studies, there were no studies which examined TLR function in both the pregnant mother and their offspring. Increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and/or protein levels in peripheral blood were common in obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, autoimmune thyroid disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. To a lesser degree, TLR 3, 7, 8, and 9 activation were found in peripheral blood of humans with autoimmune diseases and depression. In pregnancy, increased TLR4 mRNA levels were found in the peripheral blood of women with diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Placental TLR activation was found in mothers with obesity or diabetes. Postnatally, dysregulated TLR response to stimulation was found in peripheral blood of individuals with NDDs. This systematic review found emerging evidence that TLR activation may represent a mechanistic link between maternal inflammation and offspring NDD, however the literature is incomplete and longitudinal outcome studies are lacking. Identification of pathogenic mechanisms in MIA could create preventive and therapeutic opportunities to mitigate NDD prevalence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velda X Han
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Khoo-Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neuroservices, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Alshammery
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Maple-Brown
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy Gold
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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22
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Li Q, Rempel JD, Yang J, Minuk GY. The Effects of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns on Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:808-817. [PMID: 35677503 PMCID: PMC9168738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune responses to gut-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether NAFLD patients have increased sensitivity to PAMP exposure has yet to be reported. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)/monocytes were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Pam3CSK4, or BSA conjugated palmitate in vitro. Changes in toll-like receptors (TLR), cytokines, and chemokine receptors (CR) expressions were documented by flow cytometry and/or enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS TLR2 and TLR4 expression were similar at baseline and increased to a similar extent (TLR2) or remained unchanged (TLR4) following PAMP exposure in NAFLD and healthy control (HC) monocytes. Proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 levels were similar at baseline but increased in a concentration-dependent manner to a greater extent in NAFLD PBMCs. CCR1 and CCR2 expressions at baseline were similar and decreased to a similar extent in NAFLD and HC monocytes. The extent of PAMP-induced proinflammatory cytokine release correlated with evidence of hepatocyte injury (CK18M30 levels). DISCUSSION NAFLD patients have increased proinflammatory cytokine responses following exposure to PAMPs relative to HC subjects. This response is concentration-dependent and correlates with the extent of hepatic injury.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- CM, culture medium
- CR, chemokine receptor
- ELISAs, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays
- HC, healthy controls
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- PAMPs
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- Pal, palmitate
- Pam, Pam3CSK4
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- pathogen-associated molecular patterns
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Section of Hepatology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Julia D. Rempel
- Section of Hepatology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Section of Hepatology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gerald Y. Minuk
- Section of Hepatology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Gerald Y. Minuk, Morberg Family Chair in Hepatology, University of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada. Tel.: +(204) 789 3204; fax: +(204) 789 3987.
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23
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. An Overview of Recent Insights into the Response of TLR to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Potential of TLR Agonists as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adjuvants. Viruses 2021; 13:2302. [PMID: 34835108 PMCID: PMC8622245 DOI: 10.3390/v13112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global health pandemic causing millions of deaths worldwide. However, the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, particularly the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host innate immunity, remains unclear. The innate immune system acts as the first line of host defense, which is critical for the initial detection of invading pathogens and the activation and shaping of adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors of innate immunity that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling for pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. However, TLRs may also act as a double-edged sword, and dysregulated TLR responses may enhance immune-mediated pathology, instead of providing protection. Therefore, a proper understanding of the interaction between TLRs and SARS-CoV-2 is of great importance for devising therapeutic and preventive strategies. The use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants for human disease is a promising approach that could be applied in the investigation of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of host innate immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with particular focus on TLR response. In addition, we discuss the use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in enhancing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
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Malesza IJ, Malesza M, Walkowiak J, Mussin N, Walkowiak D, Aringazina R, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Mądry E. High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113164. [PMID: 34831387 PMCID: PMC8619527 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial for the functional maturation of the gut immune system. The Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy diet with high consumption of fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state. The term WD is commonly known and intuitively understood. However, the strict digital expression of nutrient ratios is not precisely defined. Based on the US data for 1908–1989, the calory intake available from fats increased from 32% to 45%. Besides the metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system overstimulation, and oxidative stress), the consequences of excessive fat consumption (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of toxic bacterial metabolites into the circulation. These can strongly contribute to the development of low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights the most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis and HFD-related inflammation, presents the pathomechanisms for these phenomena, and examines the possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status and gut microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Judyta Malesza
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (I.J.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Michał Malesza
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.-W.)
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (I.J.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Nadiar Mussin
- Department of General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Dariusz Walkowiak
- Department of Organization and Management in Health Care, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Raisa Aringazina
- Department of Internal Diseases No. 1, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | | | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.-W.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J, Jończyk M, Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Stachowska B, Zembska A, Grzegrzółka J, Bolanowski M. The frequency of TLR2 (rs3804099, rs3804100, and rs5743708) and TLR4 (rs4986790 and rs4986791) polymorphisms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - preliminary study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:1027-1034. [PMID: 34279173 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1952975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-grade chronic inflammation may participate in PCOS etiology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory process. We examined TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in women with PCOS and their associations with metabolic/hormonal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-eight women qualified for the study. PCOS was diagnosed in 40 women. The control group consisted of 28 women. All patients underwent anamnesis, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical/hormonal assessments. The TLRs gene polymorphism was tested using PCR and the minisequencing method. RESULTS The frequency of TLR2 gene polymorphisms genotypes (rs3804099, rs3804100, and rs5743708) did not differ significantly between the groups. The difference in frequency of genotypes of TLR4 gene polymorphisms (rs4986790 and rs4986791) was close to the statistical significance level. No significant correlations between TLR2/TLR4 polymorphisms and anthropometric/metabolic parameters in PCOS group were observed. However, the relationship between HDL concentration and TLR2 S450S (rs3804100) polymorphism was close to the statistical significance level. Positive correlations between the two TLR4 polymorphisms (rs4986790 and rs4986791) were found, as well as between the TLR2 S450S (rs3804100) gene polymorphism and FSH concentration. CONCLUSIONS The TLR4 gene polymorphism may play a role in the PCOS etiopathogenesis but this observation needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Jończyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Stachowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Grzegrzółka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kgatle MM, Lawal IO, Mashabela G, Boshomane TMG, Koatale PC, Mahasha PW, Ndlovu H, Vorster M, Rodrigues HG, Zeevaart JR, Gordon S, Moura-Alves P, Sathekge MM. COVID-19 Is a Multi-Organ Aggressor: Epigenetic and Clinical Marks. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752380. [PMID: 34691068 PMCID: PMC8531724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting from a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Several viruses hijack the host genome machinery for their own advantage and survival, and similar phenomena might occur upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe cases of COVID-19 may be driven by metabolic and epigenetic driven mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone/chromatin alterations. These epigenetic phenomena may respond to enhanced viral replication and mediate persistent long-term infection and clinical phenotypes associated with severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities. Understanding the epigenetic events involved, and their clinical significance, may provide novel insights valuable for the therapeutic control and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review highlights different epigenetic marks potentially associated with COVID-19 development, clinical manifestation, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mankgopo Magdeline Kgatle
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ismaheel Opeyemi Lawal
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gabriel Mashabela
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tebatso Moshoeu Gillian Boshomane
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear and Oncology Division, AXIM Medical (Pty), Midrand
| | - Palesa Caroline Koatale
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Phetole Walter Mahasha
- Precision Medicine and SAMRC Genomic Centre, Grants, Innovation, and Product Development (GIPD) Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Honest Ndlovu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and NuMeRI PreClinical Imaging Facility, Mahikeng, South Africa
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Machaba Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Yang X, Zhang X, Yang W, Yu H, He Q, Xu H, Li S, Shang Z, Gao X, Wang Y, Tong Q. Gut Microbiota in Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Role as a Metabolic Organ. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749125. [PMID: 34552566 PMCID: PMC8450894 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of host metabolism. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of various human diseases. This association relies on the structure and metabolites of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota metabolizes the diet ingested by the host into a series of metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and branched-chain amino acids, which affects the physiological processes of the host by activating numerous signaling pathways. In this review, we first summarize the various mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic processes that subsequently cause cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the complex interactions between gut microbes, their metabolites, and the metabolic activity of the host. Furthermore, we investigated the current status of clinical therapies for adipose tissue dysfunction directed at the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed before this field of research can be translated to everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi'ao Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Tian J, Song T, Wang H, Wang W, Ma X, Hu Y. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Antagonist Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Neuropathic Pain by Repolarizing Pro-inflammatory Macrophages. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2276-2284. [PMID: 34081245 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with severe outcomes. The mechanisms of physiopathology of diabetic neuropathy are not well elucidated. Inflammation and inflammatory macrophages are recognized to be crucial in diabetic neuropathy. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an important factor in innate immune response which could promote the polarization of inflammatory macrophages. In present study, we evaluated the effects of a TLR2 antagonist CU-CPT22 on diabetic neuropathy. We induced T2DM in mice by feeding with high fat diet (HFD). We measured the body weight, blood glucose level, paw withdrawal threshold, inflammatory cytokine production, and macrophages infiltration in T2DM mice. We evaluated the effects of CU-CPT22 on pro-inflammatory cytokines production, macrophage marker expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated BMDMs. We administrated CU-CPT22 in T2DM mice and measured the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, expression of macrophages markers in sciatic nerve (SCN), and paw withdrawal threshold. T2DM mice had significantly increased body weight and blood glucose, and had significantly decreased paw withdrawal threshold. Obvious increased pro-inflammatory cytokine level and infiltration of M1 phenotype macrophages was observed in SCN from T2DM mice. CU-CPT22 prevented pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-treated BMDMs and re-polarized them to M2 phenotype. CU-CPT22 suppressed the inflammation and induced M2 macrophages in SCN from T2DM mice, and ameliorated the paw withdrawal threshold in T2DM mice. CU-CPT22 ameliorates neuropathic pain in T2DM by promoting M2 phenotype macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tieying Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Jakobsson J, Cotgreave I, Furberg M, Arnberg N, Svensson M. Potential Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms of Exercise That Decrease the Risk of Severe Complications and Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:121. [PMID: 34564326 PMCID: PMC8472997 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has unmasked mankind's vulnerability to biological threats. Although higher age is a major risk factor for disease severity in COVID-19, several predisposing risk factors for mortality are related to low cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Reaching physical activity (PA) guideline goals contribute to protect against numerous immune and inflammatory disorders, in addition to multi-morbidities and mortality. Elevated levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, being non-obese, and regular PA improves immunological function, mitigating sustained low-grade systemic inflammation and age-related deterioration of the immune system, or immunosenescence. Regular PA and being non-obese also improve the antibody response to vaccination. In this review, we highlight potential physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that are affected by regular PA, increase the host antiviral defense, and may determine the course and outcome of COVID-19. Not only are the immune system and regular PA in relation to COVID-19 discussed, but also the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hormonal systems, as well as skeletal muscle, epigenetics, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jakobsson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- Division of Biomaterials and Health, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden;
| | - Maria Furberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Michael Svensson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
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Hlapčić I, Grdić Rajković M, Čeri A, Dabelić S, Popović-Grle S, Radić Antolic M, Knežević J, Försti A, Rumora L. Increased HSP70 and TLR2 Gene Expression and Association of HSP70 rs6457452 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Croatian Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081412. [PMID: 34441346 PMCID: PMC8394658 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) engages Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 when found in the extracellular compartment and contributes to inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since there is growing evidence for the genetic risk factors for COPD, the gene expression of HSP70, TLR2 and TLR4 was determined, as well as the association between HSP70, TLR2 and TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms, (SNPs) and COPD. The gene expression was assessed in peripheral blood cells of 137 COPD patients and 95 controls by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), while a total of nine SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination real-time PCR. HSP70 and TLR2 gene expression was increased in COPD patients compared to the controls, regardless of the disease severity and smoking status of participants. The rs6457452 SNP of HSP70 was associated with COPD, indicating the protective role of the T allele (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24–0.89, p = 0.022). Furthermore, COPD C/T heterozygotes showed a decreased HSP70 mRNA level compared to COPD C/C homozygotes. In conclusion, HSP70 and TLR2 may have a role in the pathogenesis of COPD, and the HSP70 rs6457452 variant might influence the genetic susceptibility to COPD in the Croatian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hlapčić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
| | - Marija Grdić Rajković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
| | - Andrea Čeri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Popović-Grle
- Clinical Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margareta Radić Antolic
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Asta Försti
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Division of Pediatric Neuroon-Cology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lada Rumora
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1639-4782; Fax: +385-1461-2716
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31
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Wang F, Hu M, Zhu H, Yang C, Xia H, Yang X, Yang L, Sun G. MyD88 determines the protective effects of fish oil and perilla oil against metabolic disorders and inflammation in adipose tissue from mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:23. [PMID: 34168108 PMCID: PMC8225863 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) vary between different sources. However, there is a paucity of comparative studies regarding the effects and mechanisms of marine and plant ω-3 PUFA on obesity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fish oil (FO) and perilla oil (PO) on glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, and adipokine in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet in association with the contribution of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) pathway. METHODS C57BL/6J mice and MyD88-/- mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal chow diet, HF diet, HF diet accompanied by daily gavage with either FO or PO. After 4 weeks, blood biochemistries, adipocyte histology, mRNA, and protein expression of MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways of TLR4 signaling in epididymal adipose tissue were measured. RESULTS In C57BL/6J mice, there were no statistical differences between FO and PO in decreasing body weight, glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6, and increasing adipocyte counts. FO and PO decreased mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase beta and nuclear factor-kappa B p65. In MyD88-/- mice, the beneficial effects of FO and PO on HF diet-induced metabolism abnormalities and inflammation were abolished. FO and PO had no impacts on mRNA and protein expression of receptor-interacting protein-1, interferon regulate factor 3, and nuclear factor-kappa B p65. CONCLUSION FO and PO exhibit similar protective effects on metabolic disorders and inflammation through inhibiting TLR4 signaling in a manner dependent on MyD88. These findings highlight plant ω-3 PUFA as an attractive alternative source of marine ω-3 PUFA and reveal a mechanistic insight for preventive benefits of ω-3 PUFA in obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hangju Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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32
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Lee J, Park S, Oh N, Park J, Kwon M, Seo J, Roh S. Oral intake of Lactobacillus plantarum L-14 extract alleviates TLR2- and AMPK-mediated obesity-associated disorders in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13039. [PMID: 33830560 PMCID: PMC8168423 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether periodic oral intake of postbiotics positively affects weight regulation and prevents obesity-associated diseases in vivo is unclear. This study evaluated the action mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum L-14 (KTCT13497BP) extract and the effects of its periodic oral intake in a high-fat-diet (HFD) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) were treated with L-14 extract every 2 days during adipogenic differentiation, and the mechanism underlying anti-adipogenic effects was analysed at cellular and molecular levels. L-14 extract was orally administrated to HFD-feeding C57BL/6J mice every 2 days for 7 weeks. White adipose tissue was collected and weighed, and liver and blood serum were analysed. The anti-adipogenic mechanism of exopolysaccharide (EPS) isolated from L-14 extract was also analysed using Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) inhibitor C29. RESULTS L-14 extract inhibited 3T3-L1 and hBM-MSC differentiation into mature adipocytes by upregulating AMPK signalling pathway in the early stage of adipogenic differentiation. The weight of the HFD + L-14 group (31.51 ± 1.96 g) was significantly different from that of the HFD group (35.14 ± 3.18 g). L-14 extract also significantly decreased the serum triacylglycerol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (an insulin resistance marker) and steatohepatitis. In addition, EPS activated the AMPK signalling pathway by interacting with TLR2, consequently inhibiting adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS EPS from L-14 extract inhibits adipogenesis via TLR2 and AMPK signalling pathways, and oral intake of L-14 extract improves obesity and obesity-associated diseases in vivo. Therefore, EPS can be used to prevent and treat obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.,Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Naeun Oh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Kwon
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.,Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Cuevas AM, Clark JM, Potter JJ. Increased TLR/MyD88 signaling in patients with obesity: is there a link to COVID-19 disease severity? Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1152-1154. [PMID: 33637950 PMCID: PMC7909368 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a coronavirus, designed as SARS CoV-2, whose clinical presentation is widely variable, with most patients having mild or no symptoms, but others developing a malign disease with multi-organ failure and even death. Accumulating data from different populations have shown that obesity is a risk factor for a severe evolution of the disease, however, the mechanisms that explain this association are not clearly understood. An ominous evolution of COVID-19 has been attributed to an exacerbated inflammatory response, designed as “cytokine storm” with augmented production of cytokines/chemokines through the activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns, that triggers an inflammatory downstream response, mediated in part by the adaptor molecule, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Previous studies have reported an increased expression of MyD88 and TLRs in people with obesity, mainly in those with metabolic complications. Therefore, we hypothesize, that an underlying increased Myd88/TLR signaling may predispose to patients with obesity to develop an exaggerated and dangerous inflammatory reaction against SARS CoV-2 infection, explaining at least in part, the higher severity of COVID-19. In addition, MyD88/TLR signaling in people with obesity could have a role in the development of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada M Cuevas
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Medicine (CAMMYN), Santiago, Chile.
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34
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Yawoot N, Govitrapong P, Tocharus C, Tocharus J. Ischemic stroke, obesity, and the anti-inflammatory role of melatonin. Biofactors 2021; 47:41-58. [PMID: 33135223 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a predominant risk factor in ischemic stroke and is commonly comorbid with it. Pathologies following these conditions are associated with systemic and local inflammation. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the susceptibility for ischemic brain damage increases substantially in experimental models of ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity. Herein, we explore the proinflammatory events that occur during ischemic stroke and obesity, and we discuss the influence of obesity on the inflammatory response and cerebral damage outcomes in experimental models of brain ischemia. In addition, because melatonin is a neurohormone widely reported to exhibit protective effects in various diseases, this study also demonstrates the anti-inflammatory role and possible mechanistic actions of melatonin in both epidemic diseases. A summary of research findings suggests that melatonin administration has great potential to exert an anti-inflammatory role and provide protection against obesity and ischemic stroke conditions. However, the efficacy of this hormonal treatment on ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity, when more serious inflammation is generated, is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Yawoot
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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35
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Mao K, Zhang M, Cao J, Zhao X, Gao L, Fu L, Cheng H, Yan C, Xu X, Shi X, Jiang Z, Wang B, Zhang YB, Mi J. Coding Variants are Relevant to the Expression of Obesity-Related Genes for Pediatric Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:194-203. [PMID: 34494379 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heredity has a remarkable effect on obesity in an obesogenic environment. Despite the numerous genetic variants that contribute to obesity-related traits, none has been identified in Chinese children. This study aimed to identify novel variants associated with childhood obesity in China. METHODS Promising single-nucleotide variants were obtained using whole-exome sequencing from 76 children who had obesity and 74 children with normal weight, and their associations with obesity-related traits in an additional 6,334-child cohort were investigated. The effects of the genome-wide significant (P < 5E-8) variants on the expression of the implicated genes in blood and adipose tissue were then depicted using transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Two coding variants associated with obesity with genome-wide significance were identified: rs1059491 (P = 2.57E-28) in SULT1A2 and rs189326455 (P = 8.98E-12) in MAP3K21. In addition, rs1059491 was also significantly associated with several obesity traits. Transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that rs1059491 and rs189326455 were expression quantitative trait loci relevant to the expression levels of several obesity-related genes, such as SULT1A2, ATXN2L, TUFM, and MAP3K21. CONCLUSIONS This work identified two coding variants that were significantly associated with pediatric adiposity and were expression quantitative trait loci for obesity-related genes. This study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of Chinese childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshuai Cao
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Liwang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Liwan Fu
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Yan
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Methnani J, Amor D, Yousfi N, Bouslama A, Omezzine A, Bouhlel E. Sedentary behavior, exercise and COVID-19: immune and metabolic implications in obesity and its comorbidities. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1538-1547. [PMID: 33305550 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many reports showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of physical activity during the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. This has substantial immune and metabolic implications, especially in those at risk or with metabolic diseases including individuals with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In this study we discussed the route from physical inactivity to immune and metabolic aberrancies; focusing on how insulin resistance could represent an adaptive mechanism to the low physical activity levels and on how such an adaptive mechanism could shift to a pathognomonic feature of metabolic diseases, creating a vicious circle of immune and metabolic aberrancies. We provide a theoretical framework to the severe immunopathology of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic diseases. We finally discuss the idea of exercise as a potential adjuvant against COVID-19 and emphasize how even interrupting prolonged periods of sitting with short time breaks of very light activity could be a feasible strategy to limit the deleterious effects of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeur Methnani
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia - .,Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia - .,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular Biology, Medicine and Health, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia -
| | - Dorra Amor
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nariman Yousfi
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory of "Sport Performance Optimization, " National Center of Medicine and Sport Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bouslama
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Omezzine
- Department of Biochemistry, LR12SP11, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- University of Manouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular Biology, Medicine and Health, LR19ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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37
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Bishehsari F, Voigt RM, Keshavarzian A. Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiota: from the metabolic syndrome to cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:731-739. [PMID: 33106657 PMCID: PMC8085809 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct effects on health and increases the risk of developing cancer. Lifestyle factors that are known to promote the metabolic syndrome generally cause pro-inflammatory alterations in microbiota communities in the intestine. Indeed, alterations to the structure and function of intestinal microbiota are sufficient to promote the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. Among the lifestyle factors that are associated with the metabolic syndrome, disruption of the circadian system, known as circadian dysrhythmia, is increasingly common. Disruption of the circadian system can alter microbiome communities and can perturb host metabolism, energy homeostasis and inflammatory pathways, which leads to the metabolic syndrome. This Perspective discusses the role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in mediating the effects of disruption of circadian rhythms on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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38
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Retinol binding protein 4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome by signaling through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31309-31318. [PMID: 33214151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013877117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation contributes to systemic insulin resistance. In obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), the major retinol carrier in serum, is elevated in AT and has proinflammatory effects which are mediated partially through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We now show that RBP4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome for interleukin-1β (IL1β) release, in a glucose-dependent manner, through the TLR4/MD2 receptor complex and TLR2. This impairs insulin signaling in adipocytes. IL1β is elevated in perigonadal white AT (PGWAT) of chow-fed RBP4-overexpressing mice and in serum and PGWAT of high-fat diet-fed RBP4-overexpressing mice vs. wild-type mice. Holo- or apo-RBP4 injection in wild-type mice causes insulin resistance and elevates PGWAT inflammatory markers, including IL1β. TLR4 inhibition in RBP4-overexpressing mice reduces PGWAT inflammation, including IL1β levels and improves insulin sensitivity. Thus, the proinflammatory effects of RBP4 require NLRP3-inflammasome priming. These studies may provide approaches to reduce AT inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes.
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Sumneang N, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Myeloid differentiation factor 2 in the heart: Bench to bedside evidence for potential clinical benefits? Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105239. [PMID: 33053443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac inflammation has been involved in many pathological processes in the heart including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, adverse remodeling, and dysfunction. Myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) is a key mediating protein that has been shown to contribute to the inflammatory process. MD2 is required for the activation of TLR4 in the form of dimerization complex. Upon activation of TLR4, the signal can be sent through either myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88) or toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) proteins to activate the inflammatory response in cardiac tissue, after which the inflammatory cytokines and genes are produced. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the serum MD2 levels and mortality rate. Therefore, MD2 inhibition should provide beneficial effects in inflammation related to cardiac diseases such as obesity and heart failure. Multiple inhibitors of TLR4/MD2 interaction reportedly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in animals with obesity and heart failure. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the reports from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies regarding the role of MD2 and the effects of MD2 inhibitors on cardiac inflammation, dysfunction, fibrosis, and remodeling. The information regarding the beneficial effects of MD2 inhibitors will be used to encourage future clinical use as a novel anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natticha Sumneang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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40
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Kochumon S, Al Madhoun A, Al-Rashed F, Thomas R, Sindhu S, Al-Ozairi E, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. Elevated adipose tissue associated IL-2 expression in obesity correlates with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16364. [PMID: 33004937 PMCID: PMC7530670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) associated cytokines are involved in the development of chronic low-grade inflammation in obese individuals. IL-2, a pleiotropic cytokine, contributes to immune alterations during inflammation. However, the interaction between AT-IL-2 and other inflammatory biomolecules in obesity remains elusive. We investigated whether AT-IL-2 expression was associated with markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in overweight/obese individuals. Subcutaneous fat tissues were collected from 56 individuals (lean/overweight/obese) for RNA extraction. IL-2 and inflammatory mediators were quantified by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. CRP was measured by ELISA. AT-IL-2 expression was higher in obese compared with lean individuals (P < 0.021) and correlated with BMI. IL-2 correlated with interleukins IL-8 and IL-12A (r = 0.333–0.481; p = 0.0001–0.029); as well as with chemokines and their receptors including CCL5, CCL19, CCR2 and CCR5 (r = 0.538–0.677; p < 0.0001). Moreover, IL-2 correlated with toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR8, TLR10), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and cluster of differentiation CD11c (r = 0.282–0.357; p < 0.039). Notably, IL-2 was associated positively with fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, TGL and CRP (r ≥ 0.423;P ≤ 0.007). In multiple regression analysis, IL-2 is an independent predictor of IL-8, IL-12A, TLR10, TGL and HbA1c. Overall, our data demonstrate that increased expression of the AT-IL-2, in obesity, may represent a novel biomarker for progression of metabolic inflammation and insulin-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Jasim Mohamad Al Bahar St., P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Jasim Mohamad Al Bahar St., P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Immunology Department, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Jasim Mohamad Al Bahar St., P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Jasim Mohamad Al Bahar St., P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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41
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Brandão SCS, Ramos JDOX, Dompieri LT, Godoi ETAM, Figueiredo JL, Sarinho ESC, Chelvanambi S, Aikawa M. Is Toll-like receptor 4 involved in the severity of COVID-19 pathology in patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 58:102-110. [PMID: 32988728 PMCID: PMC7505161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The severe form of COVID-19 is marked by an abnormal and exacerbated immunological host response favoring to a poor outcome in a significant number of patients, especially those with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The chronic inflammatory process found in these cardiometabolic comorbidities is marked by the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which are products of the Toll-Like receptors 4 (TLR4) pathway. The SARS-CoV-2 initially infects cells in the upper respiratory tract and, in some patients, spread very quickly, needing respiratory support and systemically, causing collateral damage in tissues. We hypothesize that this happens because the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts strongly with TLR4, causing an intensely exacerbated immune response in the host's lungs, culminating with the cytokine storm, accumulating secretions and hindering blood oxygenation, along with the immune system attacks the body, leading to multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cristina Soares Brandão
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Nuclear Imaging Division, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - José Luiz Figueiredo
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery Unit, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Sávio Cavalcanti Sarinho
- Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sarvesh Chelvanambi
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. Toll-like Receptor as a Molecular Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1264-1280. [PMID: 30961493 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190405172524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) involves a cluster of five conditions, i.e. obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and low High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. All components of MetS share an underlying chronic inflammatory aetiology, manifested by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The pathogenic role of inflammation in the development of MetS suggested that toll-like receptor (TLR) activation may trigger MetS. This review summarises the supporting evidence on the interactions between MetS and TLR activation, bridged by the elevation of TLR ligands during MetS. The regulatory circuits mediated by TLR activation, which modulates signal propagation, leading to the state of chronic inflammation, are also discussed. Taken together, TLR activation could be the molecular basis in the development of MetS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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43
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Overfeeding-Induced Obesity Could Cause Potential Immuno-Physiological Disorders in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091499. [PMID: 32854279 PMCID: PMC7552159 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although over-nutrition from overfeeding-induced obesity is known to be highly associated with metabolic and immunological disorders in humans, little is known about overfeeding-induced obesity in fish farming. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in immuno-physiological parameters, to better understand the potential risk of overfeeding-induced obesity in fish. Commercial feed was provided to fish in the overfed group until they refuse to eat, but fish in the control group was fed with the feed at 1% bodyweight per day. The hemato-serological, histological, and immunological changes were observed at weeks 2 and 8. Rainbow trout leukocytes were co-incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), and the phagocytes engulfing the OxLDL and the presence of apoptotic cells were evaluated. The body weight, body mass index (BMI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) index were significantly higher in the overfed group, and high lipid accumulation and fatty changes were also observed in their livers, indicating that the feeding regime used in this study led to overfeeding-induced obesity. Likewise, much higher numbers of and larger vacuoles were observed in overfed fish macrophages, showing unclear boundaries between the cytoplasm and extracellular space. In the overfed group, the expression of IL-10, HSP70, TLR2, and CD36 was significantly higher, and lymphocyte apoptosis was more evident, indicating that overfeeding-induced obese fish might have immunologic disorders. This was the first study to demonstrate that overfeeding-induced obesity could cause an immune-physiological imbalance in rainbow trout, making them more vulnerable to infectious diseases and various stressful conditions. This study will contribute to improvements in fish nutrition, feeding practices, fish nutrition, and disease prevention in the aquaculture industry.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and glycated serum albumin increase the production of several pro-inflammatory molecules in human gingival fibroblasts via NFκB. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Nishimoto S, Fukuda D, Sata M. Emerging roles of Toll-like receptor 9 in cardiometabolic disorders. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:18. [PMID: 32714475 PMCID: PMC7374824 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that damage-associated molecule patterns (DAMPs) and their receptors, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), are associated with the progression of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Cardiometabolic disorders share sterile chronic inflammation as a major cause; however, the exact mechanisms are still obscure. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), one of the nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, recognizes DNA fragments derived from pathogens and contributes to self-defense by activation of the innate immune system. In addition, previous studies demonstrated that TLR9 recognizes DNA fragments released from host cells, accelerating sterile inflammation, which is associated with inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases. In obese adipose tissue and atherosclerotic vascular tissue, various stresses release DNA fragments and/or nuclear proteins as DAMPs from degenerated adipocytes and vascular cells. Recent studies indicated that the activation of TLR9 in immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells by recognition of these DAMPs promotes inflammation in these tissues, which causes cardiometabolic disorders. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the role of sterile inflammation associated with TLR9 and its endogenous ligands in cardiometabolic disorders. New insights into innate immunity may provide better understanding of cardiometabolic disorders and new therapeutic options for these major health threats in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
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TLR4 Receptor D299G/T399I Haplotype Polymorphism Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Obese Female Subjects. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070814. [PMID: 32708841 PMCID: PMC7397302 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of Toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) causes chronic inflammation that can result in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MeS). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of TLR4 polymorphisms of TLR4D299G/T399I, and its impact on protein expression of TLR4 in obese female subjects. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional association study was performed on Arab female subjects from Qatar University. The subjects were categorized according to BMI classifications into two groups: “obese; n = 69” and “non-obese; n = 136”. Anthropometric measurements, weight (kg), height (m) and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected, and assessment of glucose, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, IL-6 and insulin was performed. Insulin resistance was computed using HOMA-IR. Genotyping of the TLR4 polymorphisms of TLR4D299G (rs4986790) and TLR4T399I (rs4986791) was performed by the 5′ nuclease assay by TaqMan MGB probe. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the monocyte cell surface expression of TLR4. Results: The frequency distribution of the genotype revealed that homozygous AA is the most frequent among obese subjects (86.4%) for (TLR4D299G, A > G) and the homozygous CC genotype is the most frequent (92.4%) for (TLR4T399I, C > T). Haplotype analysis of TLR4 D299G/T399I showed that GT carriers had a significant association with increased probability of insulin resistance (odds ratio = 4.73; 95% CI 1.19–18.90; p-value = 0.016). The monocyte cell surface of TLR4 was significantly higher by 1.3 folds in obese compared to non-obese subjects. Conclusions: TLR4 D299G/T399I haplotype polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance with the upregulation of TLR4 protein expression in obese subjects.
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Ropka-Molik K, Pawlina-Tyszko K, Żukowski K, Tyra M, Derebecka N, Wesoły J, Szmatoła T, Piórkowska K. Identification of Molecular Mechanisms Related to Pig Fatness at the Transcriptome and miRNAome Levels. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E600. [PMID: 32485856 PMCID: PMC7348756 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition and growth rate are closely related to pork quality and fattening efficiency. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach for transcriptome and miRNAome massive parallel sequencing of adipocyte tissue was applied to search for a molecular network related to fat deposition in pigs. Pigs were represented by three breeds (Large White, Pietrain, and Hampshire) that varied in fat content within each breed. The obtained results allowed for the detection of significant enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways associated directly and indirectly with fat deposition via regulation of fatty acid metabolism, fat cell differentiation, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and disassembly. Moreover, the results showed that adipocyte tissue content strongly affected the expression of leptin and other genes related to a response to excessive feed intake. The findings indicated that modification of genes and miRNAs involved in ECM rearrangements can be essential during fat tissue growth and development in pigs. The identified molecular network within genes and miRNAs that were deregulated depending on the subcutaneous fat level are proposed as candidate factors determining adipogenesis, fatness, and selected fattening characteristics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.P.-T.); (T.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.P.-T.); (T.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Kacper Żukowski
- Department of Cattle Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Tyra
- Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Natalia Derebecka
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego street 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (N.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wesoły
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego street 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (N.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.P.-T.); (T.S.); (K.P.)
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.P.-T.); (T.S.); (K.P.)
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Zahran AM, Nafady-Hego H, Askar E, Elmasry HM, Mohamad IL, El-Asheer OM, Esmail AM, Elsayh KI. Analysis of Toll-Like Receptor-2 and 4 Expressions in Peripheral Monocyte Subsets in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:113-124. [PMID: 32281447 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1714649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dysfunction of the peripheral blood monocytes in the form of changes in their proportion, cytokines or pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) expressions may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our aim is to analyze the three monocyte subsets; classical, non-classical and intermediate monocytes and their expression of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR-2) and 4 (TLR-4) in T1DM patients. Methods: The peripheral blood monocytes of 20 T1DM patients were analyzed by Flow cytometry to measure their count and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression. Results: T1DM patients had more non-classical and intermediate monocytes, whereas classical monocytes were comparable between patients and control (20 healthy volunteers). Classical, non-classical and intermediate monocytes had no significant correlations with hemoglobin (Hb) A1C in controls, while all subsets showed positive correlations with HbA1C in T1DM. TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression were significantly increased in classical monocytes in patients, especially those with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and both of them showed positive correlations with the duration of T1DM. The expression of TLR-2 inside non-classical monocytes showed a negative correlation with LDL cholesterol and TLR-4/TLR-2 ratio showed positive correlations with the duration of T1DM and negative correlations with total cholesterol. The expression of TLR-2 inside intermediate monocytes showed positive correlations with the duration of T1DM and TLR-4/TLR-2 ratio showed negative correlations with the duration of T1DM Conclusions: The observed changes in both proportions and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression of monocyte subsets can raise the possible role in the pathogenesis of early stages of T1DM and DKA. Abbreviations APC: allophycocyanin; CBC: complete blood picture; DKA: diabetic acidosis; DM: diabetes mellitus; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; FSC: forward scatter; Hb: haemoglobin; MFI: mean channel fluorescence intensity; PE: phycoerythrin; PRR: pattern-recognition receptors; SPSS: statistical package for the social sciences; SSC: side scatter; T1DM: Type1DM; TLRs: toll-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Nafady-Hego
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt.,Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman Askar
- Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elmasry
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ismail L Mohamad
- Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama M El-Asheer
- Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Esmail
- Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University , Aswan, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
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49
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Mahmassani ZS, Reidy PT, McKenzie AI, Petrocelli JJ, Matthews O, de Hart NM, Ferrara PJ, O'Connell RM, Funai K, Drummond MJ. Absence of MyD88 from Skeletal Muscle Protects Female Mice from Inactivity-Induced Adiposity and Insulin Resistance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:772-782. [PMID: 32108446 PMCID: PMC7093260 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inactivity and inflammation are linked to obesity and insulin resistance. It was hypothesized that MyD88 (mediates inflammation) knockout from muscle (MusMyD88-/- ) would prevent, whereas miR146a-/- (MyD88 inhibitor) would exacerbate, inactivity-induced metabolic disturbances. METHODS Cre-control, MusMyD88-/- , and miR146a-/- mice were given running wheels for 5 weeks to model an active phenotype. Afterward, half were placed into a small mouse cage (SMC) to restrict movement for 8 days. Body composition, muscle (3 H)2-deoxyglucose uptake, visceral fat histology, and tissue weight (hind limb muscles, visceral fat, and liver) were assessed. In skeletal muscle and visceral fat, RNA sequencing and mitochondrial function were performed on female MusMyD88-/- and Cre-control SMC mice. RESULTS The SMC induced adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, and muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, which was worsened in miR146a-/- mice. In females, MusMyD88-/- mice were protected. Female MusMyD88-/- mice during the SMC period (vs. Cre-control) exhibited higher Igf1 and decreased Ip6k3 and Trim63 muscle expression. Visceral fat transcript changes corresponded to improved lipid metabolism, decreased adipose expansion (Gulp1↑, Anxa2↓, Ehd1↓) and meta-inflammation (Hmox1↓), and increased beiging (Fgf10↑). Ralgapa2, negative regulator of GLUT4 translocation, and inflammation-related gene 993011J21Rik2 were decreased in both muscle and fat. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body miR146a-/- exacerbated inactivity-induced fat gain and muscle insulin resistance, whereas MusMyD88-/- prevented insulin resistance in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad S Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan J Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - O'Connor Matthews
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Naomi M de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrick J Ferrara
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Zhao CS, Fang DA, Xu DP. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) respond to tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) exposure in the river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus): Evidences for its toxic injury function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:526-534. [PMID: 32097718 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) residual in water body had become a noticeable ecological problem for aquatic ecosystems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an ancient family of pattern recognition receptors that play key roles in detecting nonself antigens and immune system activation. In this study, we explored the effect of TBT-Cl exposure on four TLRs expression in river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus. The four T. obscurus Toll-like receptors (To-TLRs) contained different types of domains such as leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), leucine-rich repeats, typical subfamily (LRR_TYP) and other special domains. The To-TLRs mRNA transcripts expressed in all tissues, also To-TLR2 was investigated with higher level in kidney, as well as To-TLR3 in kidney, while To-TLR18 in liver and To-TLR22 in intestine. After the acute and chronic exposure of TBT-Cl, To-TLR2 and To-TLR3 mRNA transcripts were significantly down-regulated in gill. However, To-TLR18 and To-TLR22 were significantly up-regulated in gill and liver. Moreover, the histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results showed the different injury degrees of TBT-Cl in liver and gill and implied the cytoplasm reorganization after TBT-Cl stress and the function of immunoregulation for To-TLRs to TBT-Cl exposure. All the results indicated that To-TLRs might involve in sensing and mediating innate immune responses caused by TBT-Cl for keeping detoxification homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Zhao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reache of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, WuXi, 214081, China
| | - Di-An Fang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reache of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, WuXi, 214081, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dong-Po Xu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reache of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, WuXi, 214081, China.
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