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Shi H, Sun M, Wang S, He F, Yang R, Li Z, Chen W, Wang F. Jiawei Dachaihu decoction protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis (AS) mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) via SIRT1/PGC-1α/TFAM/LON signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118150. [PMID: 38631487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE JiaWei DaChaiHu is composed of Bupleurum chinense, Scutellaria baicalensis, Pinellia ternata, Paeonia lactiflora, Zingiber officinaleRoscoe, Poncirus tuifoliata, Rheum palmatum L., Curcumae Radix, Herba Lysimachiae, Ziziphus. JiaWei DaChaiHu is one of the most common traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of depression. AIM OF THE STUDY The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) has been shown to promote atherosclerosis (AS). Dachaihu has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and has been known to exert distinct pharmacological effects. This investigation aims to examine the therapeutic effect of Jiawei Dachaihu extract on AS animal models with CUMS. METHODS AS-CUMS mice model was established by Apoe-/- mice. Mice were treated with Jiawei Dachaihu. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels were measured using ELISA kits. Aortic tissue pathologic changes detected by oil red O staining. Mice behavioral changes detected by sucrose preference test and sucrose preference test. The relative mRNA expression levels of CRH, ND1, and TFAM were determined by qRT-PCR. 5-HT1A, BDNF, LON, TFAM, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 protein expression determined by western blotting. ATP content detected by ATP kits. RESULTS The treatment with Jiawei Dachaihu extract alleviated the veins plaque and reduced stress signs in vitro and in vivo. It increased the ATP and HDL-C levels while decreased the TC, TG, LDL-C levels. Jiawei Dachaihu extract treatment upregulated Lon, SIRT1, TFAM, PGC-1α, BDNF, and 5-HT1A protein expression and regained mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION Jiawei Dachaihu extract could alleviate AS and reduce CUMS by upregulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling and promoted its crosstalk with Lon protein to maintain mitochondrial stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Fanyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ronglai Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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2
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Tian Y, Bai B, Wang L, Zhou Z, Tang J. Contributing factors related to abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women: a case-control study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:52. [PMID: 38637861 PMCID: PMC11025148 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) during the menopausal transition results in reproductive endocrine disorders and both physiological and pathological changes, substantially impacting women's health. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing AUB in perimenopausal women. Between April 2021 and June 2022, 120 perimenopausal women with AUB in the menopausal transition, diagnosed and treated at the Gynaecology Department of Kunming Tongren Hospital, were included in the case group. Concurrently, women undergoing routine health examinations at the same hospital were randomly selected as the control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors related to AUB. The univariate analysis revealed significant associations (P < 0.05) between AUB and several factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), age at menarche, gravidity, and intrauterine device (IUD) placement in perimenopausal women. The multivariate regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors for AUB include benign endometrial lesions (odds ratio [OR] 5.243, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.082-9.458, P < 0.001), endometrial thickness ≥ 10 mm (OR 1.573, 95% CI 0.984-3.287, P < 0.001), age ≥ 50 years (OR 2.045, 95% CI 1.035-4.762, P = 0.001), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR 2.436, 95% CI 1.43-4.86, P = 0.002), and IUD placement (OR 2.458, 95% CI 1.253-4.406, P < 0.001). Abnormal uterine bleeding during the menopausal transition is associated with several factors, including age, BMI, and IUD placement, highlighting the importance of early screening for these risk factors in the diagnosis and treatment of AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Skill Experiment Center of Haiyuan College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Zongchang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuifu People's Hospital, 150 Meters West of the Intersection of Shanghai Road and Ping'an Road, Gaotan New District, Shuifu City, Zhaotong City, 657800, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Jiahui Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuifu People's Hospital, 150 Meters West of the Intersection of Shanghai Road and Ping'an Road, Gaotan New District, Shuifu City, Zhaotong City, 657800, Yunnan Province, China.
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3
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Wang L, Yu T, Dong F, Xu J, Fu J, Sun H. Tongqiao Mingmu formula alleviates retinal ganglion cell autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:3120-3130. [PMID: 36098527 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a severe blindness-causing optic nerve disease characterized by a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Previous studies have shown that the Tongqiao Mingmu (TQMM) formula can reduce retinal and optic nerve damage, but its mechanism of action requires further elucidation. In this study, an RGC injury model was prepared using glutamate and then treated with serum-containing drug from the TQMM formula (hereafter called "TQMM formula serum"). In the glutamate-induced RGC injury model, cell viability decreased with an increase in glutamate concentration, whereas the expression of autophagy-related biomarkers LC3 and Belicin-1 increased. An adenovirus transfection experiment revealed that glutamate markedly promoted autophagic flux in RGCs. Notably, TQMM formula serum inhibited the expression of autophagy-related biomarkers, reduced autophagy flux, and reversed the damage caused by glutamate to RGCs. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to intervene in the RGC autophagy model and was found to suppress the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and enhance RGC autophagy. However, TQMM formula serum could generate an opposite effect and upregulate the expressions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes and proteins. In conclusion, the TQMM formula can prevent glutamate-induced autophagy in RGCs, possibly by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and reducing the expression of autophagy-related biomarkers LC3 and Belicin-1 to attenuate autophagy and maintain RGC viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyang Yu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Feixue Dong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - He Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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4
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Zhao J, Liu GW, Tao C. Hotspots and future trends of autophagy in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20142. [PMID: 37780780 PMCID: PMC10539644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To discuss the hotspots and future trends of autophagy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and provide a reference for researchers in this field. Method Using visual analysis tools, metrological statistics and visual research on the pertinent literature in the area of autophagy use in TCM were undertaken in the core collection database of the Web of Science. By examining the authors, keywords, research circumstances, research hotspots, and trends of linked research, the use of autophagy in TCM was investigated. Results and Conclusions A total of 916 studies were included, among which Beijing University Chinese Medicine was the largest number of advantageous research institutions, followed by Shanghai University Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangzhou University Chinese Medicine.The keywords of literature research primarily comprise apoptosis, activation, inhibition, pathway, mechanism, oxidative stress, proliferation, NF-κB, cancer, mtor, etc. At present, the research on autophagy in the field of TCM is increasing on a year-to-year basis. The research has focused on the role played by TCM in malignant tumors, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease through autophagy, and the regulation of autophagy signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, TLR4 signaling pathway,nrf2 signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway). In the future, the therapeutic effect of TCM on chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells through autophagy pathway, the role of TCM mediating mitophagy and activating autophagy function, and the therapeutic effect of TCM components represented by luteolin on tumors, asthma, myocardial injury and other diseases through autophagy mechanism will be the research hotspots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Guang-wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- Scientific Research Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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5
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Chen LL, Xia LY, Zhang JP, Wang Y, Chen JY, Guo C, Xu WH. Saikosaponin D alleviates cancer cachexia by directly inhibiting STAT3. Phytother Res 2023; 37:809-819. [PMID: 36447385 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome that is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, and effective therapeutics have yet to be developed. Saikosaponin D (SSD), a major bioactive component of Radix Bupleuri, exhibits antiinflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that SSD is a promising agent for the treatment of cancer cachexia. SSD could alleviate TCM-induced myotube atrophy and inhibit the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle RING-finger containing protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy Fbox protein (Atrogin-1/MAFbx) in vitro. Moreover, SSD suppressed the progression of cancer cachexia, with significant improvements in the loss of body weight, gastrocnemius muscle, and tibialis anterior muscle mass in vivo. Mechanism investigations demonstrated that SSD could directly bind to STAT3 and specifically inhibit its phosphorylation as well as its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of STAT3 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of SSD on myotube atrophy, indicating that the therapeutic effect of SSD was attributed to STAT3 inhibition. These findings provide novel strategies for treatment of cancer cachexia by targeting STAT3, and SSD may be a promising drug candidate for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Heng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Jiang M, Yan S, Ren WC, Xing NN, Li HY, Zhang MQ, Liu MQ, Liu XB, Ma W. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Traditional Chinese Herb Radix bupleuri Resources Using Genome-Wide SNPs through Genotyping-by-Sequencing. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Antidepressant Active Components of Bupleurum chinense DC-Paeonia lactiflora Pall Herb Pair: Pharmacological Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1024693. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1024693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychological disorder with a rapidly increasing incidence in recent years. Clinically, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the main therapy. These drugs, have serious adverse reactions, however. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multiple components, targets, and pathways, which has huge potential advantages for the treatment of depression. The antidepressant potential of the herbal combination of Bupleurum chinense DC (Chaihu) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Baishao) has been extensively studied previously. In this review, we summarized the antidepressant active components and mechanism of Chaihu-Baishao herb pair. We found that it works mainly through relieving oxidative stress, regulating HPA axis, and protecting neurons. Nevertheless, current research of this combined preparation still faces many challenges. On one hand, most of the current studies only stay at the level of animal models, lacking of sufficient clinical double-blind controlled trials for further verification. In addition, studies on the synergistic effect between different targets and signaling pathways are scarce. On the other hand, this preparation has numerous defects such as poor stability, low solubility, and difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier.
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8
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Zhang Q, Li M, Chen X, Liu G, Zhang Z, Tan Q, Hu Y, Fan Y, Liu Y, Zhu T, Yang X, Yue M, Bu X, Zhang Y. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Bupleurum chinense DC Provides Insights Into the Saikosaponin Biosynthesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:878431. [PMID: 35432473 PMCID: PMC9008701 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC is a plant widely used in Chinese traditional medicine. Saikosaponins are the major bioactive constituents of B. chinense DC. Saikosaponins biosynthesis in Bupleurum has been more intensively studied than any other metabolic processes or bioactive constituents. However, whole-genome sequencing and chromosome-level assembly for Bupleurum genus have not been reported yet. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome of B. chinense DC. through the integration of PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C sequencing. The genome was phased into haplotype 0 (621.27 Mb with a contig N50 of 16.86 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 92.25 Mb) and haplotype 1 (600.48 Mb with a contig N50 of 23.90 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 102.68 Mb). A total of 45,909 and 35,805 protein-coding genes were predicted in haplotypes 0 and 1, respectively. The enrichment analyses suggested that the gene families that expanded during the evolution of B. chinense DC are involved in the biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloid, tyrosine, and anthocyanin. Furthermore, we analyzed the genes involved in saikosaponin biosynthesis and determined the candidate P450 and UGT genes in the third stage of saikosaponins biosynthetic, which provided new insight into the saikosaponins biosynthetic. The genomic data provide a valuable resource for future investigations of the molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and evolutionary adaptations of B. chinense DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Min Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Tan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tongshan Zhu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mingming Yue
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Bu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Bu, ; Yongqing Zhang,
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Bu, ; Yongqing Zhang,
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9
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Xiao Chai Hu Tang for Peptic Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6693677. [PMID: 34012475 PMCID: PMC8105105 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6693677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A peptic ulcer (PU) is a digestive disorder most commonly found in clinical practice. An oriental herbal formula, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (XCHT), has been used to treat PU for an extended period in China. The effectiveness and safety of XCHT in treating peptic ulcers was evaluated using a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were systematically retrieved from CNKI, Embase, Medline, PubMed, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, and Web of Science. The following information was extracted from the relevant RCTs: the clinical efficacy rate, recurrence rate, clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, and the adverse effects. 13 RCTs, including 1334 patients, were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed that treatment with XCHT was superior to conventional pharmacotherapy (CPT) in improving the clinical efficacy rate (RR: 1.20, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.08–1.34, P=0.0007), poor appetite (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15–0.61, P=0.0009), abdominal distension (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.96, P=0.03), vomiting (RR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.19–0.55, P < 0.0001), and stomach pain (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19–0.68, P=0.002) and reducing adverse events (RR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07–0.69, P=0.009). XCHT considerably increased the total clinical efficacy rate (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15–1.30, P < 0.00001) as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy. The recurrence rate (RR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.16–0.52, P < 0.0001) was remarkably decreased in the XCHT plus CPT group. The meta-analysis did not show a significant beneficial effect of XCHT compared with CPT in reducing the recurrence rate (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.07–3.10, P=0.42) and acid reflux (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.47–1.23, P=0.26). Our findings show that XCHT can treat peptic ulcers as part of an alternative medicine approach.
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Shu Z, Chang K, Zhou Y, Peng C, Li X, Cai W, Wei L, Zheng Q, Tian H, Xia J, Yang K, Wang N, Liu J, Min X, Yan D, Sun J, Wu H, Li X, Zheng Y, Yu Z, Lu X, Yang Y, Jia T, Ji J, Zou Q, Wang Y, Xiao M, Zhang Q, Xiong Y, Sun F, Zhu Q, Jiang X, Wang G, Tang SCW, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang N, Zhang B, Tong X, Liu B, Zhou X, Chan KW, Li X. Add-On Chinese Medicine for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (ACCORD): A Retrospective Cohort Study of Hospital Registries. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:543-575. [PMID: 33683189 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicine (CM) was extensively used to treat COVID-19 in China. We aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of add-on semi-individualized CM during the outbreak. A retrospective cohort of 1788 adult confirmed COVID-19 patients were recruited from 2235 consecutive linked records retrieved from five hospitals in Wuhan during 15 January to 13 March 2020. The mortality of add-on semi-individualized CM users and non-users was compared by inverse probability weighted hazard ratio (HR) and by propensity score matching. Change of biomarkers was compared between groups, and the frequency of CMs used was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed to stratify disease severity and dose of CM exposure. The crude mortality was 3.8% in the semi-individualized CM user group and 17.0% among the non-users. Add-on CM was associated with a mortality reduction of 58% (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.77, [Formula: see text] = 0.005) among all COVID-19 cases and 66% (HR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.76, [Formula: see text] = 0.009) among severe/critical COVID-19 cases demonstrating dose-dependent response, after inversely weighted with propensity score. The result was robust in various stratified, weighted, matched, adjusted and sensitivity analyses. Severe/critical patients that received add-on CM had a trend of stabilized D-dimer level after 3-7 days of admission when compared to baseline. Immunomodulating and anti-asthmatic CMs were most used. Add-on semi-individualized CM was associated with significantly reduced mortality, especially among severe/critical cases. Chinese medicine could be considered as an add-on regimen for trial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Shu
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chang
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China.,College of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yana Zhou
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Chaoan Peng
- Wuhan Huangpi District Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuhan 432200, P. R. China
| | - Xugui Li
- Hubei 672 Orthopedics Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cai
- Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430014, P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China
| | - Qiguang Zheng
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Tian
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Xia
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jifen Liu
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Min
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Dengying Yan
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wu
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Zecong Yu
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Ting Jia
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Ji
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Qunzheng Zou
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Minzhong Xiao
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Xiong
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sun
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | | | - Junhua Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Nevin Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Baoyan Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- Institute of Medical Intelligence, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Kam Wa Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied, Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang S, Wong YT, Tang KY, Kwan HY, Su T. Chinese Medicinal Herbs Targeting the Gut-Liver Axis and Adipose Tissue-Liver Axis for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatments: The Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572729. [PMID: 33101207 PMCID: PMC7556113 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex. Frontline western medicines only ameliorate the symptoms of NAFLD. On the contrary, the uniqueness of Chinese medicine in its interpretation of NAFLD and the holistic therapeutic approach lead to a promising therapeutic efficacy. Recent studies reveal that the gut-liver axis and adipose tissue-liver axis play important roles in the development of NAFLD. Interestingly, with advanced technology, many herbal formulae are found to target the gut-liver axis and adipose tissue-liver axis and resolve the inflammation in NAFLD. This is the first review summarizes the current findings on the Chinese herbal formulae that target the two axes in NAFLD treatment. This review not only demonstrates how the ancient wisdom of Chinese medicine is being interpreted by modern pharmacological studies, but also provides valuable information for the further development of the herbal-based treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yui-Tung Wong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Yu Tang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu-Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Hiu-Yee Kwan, ; Tao Su,
| | - Tao Su
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hiu-Yee Kwan, ; Tao Su,
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12
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Fukui M, Katayama S, Ikeya Y, Inazu T. Yokukansan, a Kampo medicine, enhances the level of neuronal lineage markers in differentiated P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02662. [PMID: 31692643 PMCID: PMC6806406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, affects neurological and psychiatric disorders. It ameliorates hippocampal neurogenesis in animals. However, its effect on neuronal cell differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of YKS on pluripotent P19 embryonic carcinoma cells as neuronal differentiation model cells. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry revealed that 10 μg/mL YKS treatment during embryoid body formation or neuronal differentiation increased the expression of the neuronal stem cell marker, Nestin, by 1.9-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, and of the mature neuron marker, NeuN, by 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively. We examined the effect of YKS on intracellular signaling pathways in P19 cells and found significant elevation in phospho-PDK1 and phospho-mTOR expression (1.1-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively). Therefore, we investigated the effect of PDK1 and mTOR inhibitors on the level of neuronal lineage markers. We found that the mTOR inhibitor significantly abolished the YKS effect on the level of neuronal lineage markers. Moreover, to identify the target(s) of YKS, antibody array analysis that simultaneously detects 16 phosphorylated proteins was performed. YKS significantly upregulated 10 phosphorylated proteins including PDK1, Akt, AMPK, PRAS40, mTOR, p70 S6 kinase, GSK-3α, Bad and ERK1/2 under cell proliferation conditions. These results suggest that YKS simultaneously activates multiple signaling pathways. Thus, we concluded that YKS enhances the level of neuronal lineage markers in differentiated P19 cells, however it does not induce neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, mTOR is the predominant mediator of the YKS effect on these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fukui
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Syouichi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Minami, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Inazu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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13
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Ma Q, Gao FF, He X, Li K, Gao Y, Xu XL, Jiang NH, Ding L, Song WJ, He YQ, Pan WT, Wei L, Zhang JW. Antitumor effects of saikosaponin b2 on breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1943-1951. [PMID: 31257464 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin b2 (SSb2) can be extracted from Bupleurum spp. roots (Radix Bupleuri), which belongs to the Umbelliferae family. The current study aimed to explore the effects of SSb2 on proliferation of breast cancer cells and to identify the mechanism by which SSb2 affects breast cancer cell migration. mRNA expression levels of STAT3 and vasodilator‑stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) were determined and increased expression was observed in 16 breast cancer tissues compared with the paracancerous tissues. MTT, wound healing, colony formation assays and western blot suggested that SSb2 inhibited MCF‑7 proliferation and migration. It was further identified by western blot analysis that SSb2 treatment reduced levels of phosphorylated STAT3, VASP, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 in MCF‑7 compared with the untreated cells. In addition, it was demonstrated that inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation decreased VASP expression levels and induction of STAT3 phosphorylation increased VASP levels. Furthermore, it was observed that the treatment of Kunming mice with SSb2 at 30 mg/kg/day for 30 days induced no obvious changes in the liver or kidney tissues, as determined by haematoxylin and eosin staining. In conclusion, these results indicated that SSb2 may be a potential antitumor drug for the treatment of breast cancer, which acts by suppressing proliferation and migration by downregulating the STAT3 signalling pathway and inhibiting the expression of VASP, MMP2 and MMP9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Hui Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qi He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Pan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviours, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Effect of Gujin Xiaoliu Tang in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8936108. [PMID: 30271456 PMCID: PMC6151250 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8936108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a serious threat to people's health. This study aims to determine the possible effect of Gujin Xiaoliu Tang (GJXLT) on NSCLC, which is an empirical formula from Professor Dai-Han Zhou. In this study, chromatographic fingerprinting of GJXLT and A549 cell model in vitro and in vivo was established. We cultured A549 cells in vitro and found that GJXLT inhibited A549 cell growth and induced apoptosis. Compared with the control group, the expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF proteins in the GJXLT groups was decreased. Similar findings were also observed in vivo. First, GJXLT inhibited the growth of transplanted tumor and did not reduce the weight of the tumor-bearing mice in comparison with that of the control group. Then, the Ki-67 expression of transplanted tumor in the GJXLT groups was decreased. In addition, the apoptosis rate of transplanted tumor in the GJXLT groups was increased. Overall, our data showed that GJXLT inhibited A549 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, GJXLT inhibited the growth of lung cancer xenograft in nude mice model with no obvious side effects. The anti-tumor effect of GJXLT might also be related to the inhibition of p-STATS and VEGF expression in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Our results demonstrated the potential of GJXLT as a novel treatment for NSCLC.
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Zhang Y, Xiao W, Kong H, Cheng J, Yan X, Zhang M, Wang Q, Qu H, Zhao Y. A Highly Sensitive Immunochromatographic Strip Test for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Saikosaponin d. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020338. [PMID: 29415494 PMCID: PMC6017486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantitative lateral-flow immunoassay using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against saikosaponin d (SSd) was developed for the analysis of SSd. The AuNPs were prepared in our laboratory. The AuNPs were polyhedral, with an average diameter of approximately 18 nm. We used the conjugation between AuNPs and MAbs against SSd to prepare immunochromatographic strips (ICSs). For the quantitative experiment, the strips with the test results were scanned using a membrane strip reader, and a detection curve (regression equation, y = -0.113ln(x) + 1.5451, R² = 0.983), representing the averages of the scanned data, was obtained. This curve was linear from 96 ng/mL to 150 μg/mL, and the IC50 value was 10.39 μg/mL. In this study, we bring the concept ofPOCT (point-of-care testing) to the measurement of TCM compounds, and this is the first report of quantitative detection of SSd by an ICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 58 Jiangning Industrial Park Kangyuan Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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16
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Liang GW, Chen YC, Wang Y, Wang HM, Pan XY, Chen PH, Niu QX. Interaction between Saikosaponin D, Paeoniflorin, and Human Serum Albumin. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020249. [PMID: 29382045 PMCID: PMC6017552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin D (SSD) and paeoniflorin (PF) are the major active constituents of Bupleuri Radix and Paeonia lactiflora Pall, respectively, and have been widely used in China to treat liver and other diseases for many centuries. We explored the binding of SSD/PF to human serum albumin (HSA) by using fluorospectrophotometry, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking. Both SSD and PF produced a conformational change in HSA. Fluorescence quenching was accompanied by a blue shift in the fluorescence spectra. Co-binding of PF and SSD also induced quenching and a conformational change in HSA. The Stern-Volmer equation showed that quenching was dominated by static quenching. The binding constant for ternary interaction was below that for binary interaction. Site-competitive experiments demonstrated that SSD/PF bound to site I (subdomain IIA) and site II (subdomain IIIA) in HSA. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were mostly responsible for the binary association. Also, there was energy transfer upon binary interaction. Molecular docking supported the experimental findings in conformation, binding sites and binding forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wu Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Yi-Cun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Pei-Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Qing-Xia Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Mizoguchi K, Ikarashi Y. Cellular Pharmacological Effects of the Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine Yokukansan on Brain Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:655. [PMID: 28979206 PMCID: PMC5611794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Yokukansan (YKS) is a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine currently used for the treatment of the behavioral psychological symptoms associated with dementia (BPSD), which is frequently problematic in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Regarding the pharmacological mechanisms underlying its efficacy, we recently reviewed the multiple effects of YKS on the neurotransmitter systems (e.g., glutamatergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and adrenergic neurotransmission) in various brain regions that are related to the psychological, emotional, cognitive, or memory functions. These multiple effects are thought to be caused by multiple components included in YKS. In addition, YKS exhibits various effects on brain cells (i.e., neurons, glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells, and endothelial cells). In this review, we summarize recent evidence demonstrating the cellular pharmacological effects of YKS on these brain cells, and discuss the current understanding of its efficacy and mechanism. In particular, YKS maintains the neuronal survival and function by multiple beneficial effects, including anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress, and neurogenesis. YKS also acts on glial cells by: facilitating the transport of glutamate into astrocytes; promoting the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocytes; and enhancing the anti-inflammatory properties of microglial cells. These glial effects are thought to support neuronal functioning within the brain. Various ingredients involved in these effects have been identified, some of which can pass through the artificial blood–brain barrier without disrupting the endothelial tight junctions. This multitude of interactive effects displayed by YKS on neuronal and glial cells is suggested to be involved in the multitude of neuropsychopharmacological actions of YKS, which are related to the improvement of BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Mizoguchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co.Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ikarashi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co.Ibaraki, Japan
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Saikosaponin-a Attenuates Oxidized LDL Uptake and Prompts Cholesterol Efflux in THP-1 Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 67:510-8. [PMID: 26859197 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponins-a (Ssa) is a major bioactive extract of Radix Bupleuri which is a traditional Chinese medicine. The roles of inflammatory response and lipid transportation in the process of atherosclerosis have drawn increasing attention. We explored the regulation of lipid transportation and immune-inflammatory role of Ssa in early atherosclerosis. The antiatherogenic actions and possible molecular mechanisms of Ssa were texted in THP-1 cells. We examined the effect of Ssa on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced lipid uptake, cholesterol efflux, immune-inflammatory response. THP-1 macrophages were treated with Ssa followed by ox-LDL for 24 hours. Results from western blot showed that Ssa obviously reduced lipoprotein uptake to block foam cell formation and the expression of Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 and CD36. Ssa also significantly boosted cholesterol efflux and the expression of ATP binding cassettetransporter A1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. The results also indicated that Ssa inhibited ox-LDL-induced activation of AKT and nuclear factor-κB, assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome and production of proinflammatory cytokines. It is suggested that the ability against immune inflammatory response of Ssa is due to modulation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, this study provides new insight into Ssa's molecular mechanism and its therapeutic potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7597596. [PMID: 28593176 PMCID: PMC5448051 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7597596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu) has been used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries. Phytochemical studies demonstrated that this plant contains essential oils, triterpenoid saponins, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, lignans, fatty acids, and sterols. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri exhibited various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. However, Radix Bupleuri could also lead to hepatotoxicity, particularly in high doses and with long-term use. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive compounds (saikosaponins a, b2, c, and d) were absorbed rapidly in rats after oral administration of the extract of Radix Bupleuri. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of Radix Bupleuri reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action.
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20
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicine Herbs Decoction on Liver Cirrhosis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6125829. [PMID: 28280515 PMCID: PMC5322457 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6125829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoprotective and curative activities of aqueous extract of decoction containing 10 Chinese medicinal herbs (HPE-XA-08) were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley albino rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA). These activities were assessed by investigating the liver enzymes level and also histopathology investigation. Increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were observed in rats with cirrhotic liver. No significant alterations of the liver enzymes were observed following treatment with HPE-XA-08. Histopathology examination of rats treated with HPE-XA-08 at 250 mg/kg body weight, however, exhibited moderate liver protective effects. Reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the hepatocytes were noted in comparison to the cirrhotic liver. The curative effects of HPE-XA-08 were observed with marked decrease in the level of ALP (more than 3x) and level of GGT (more than 2x) in cirrhotic rat treated with 600 mg/kg body weight HPE-XA-08 in comparison to cirrhotic rat treated with just water diluent. Reversion of cirrhotic liver to normal liver condition in rats treated with HPE-XA-08 was observed. Results from the present study suggest that HPE-XA-08 treatment assisted in the protection from liver cirrhosis and improved the recovery of cirrhotic liver.
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Zeng LF, Liang WX, Liu JC, Chen XY, Du WY, Li ZP, Wang Q, Cao Y, Wang L, Meng CR, Wang KZ, Wang NS. Is adjunctive treatment with medication of liver-soothing-oriented method beneficial for depression after cerebrovascular accident?: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5208. [PMID: 27858863 PMCID: PMC5591111 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjunctive treatment with medication of liver-soothing-oriented method (MLSM) is one of the most commonly used approaches for subjects with depression after cerebrovascular accident (DCVA) in China. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the outcome of MLSM treatment in subjects with DCVA using relevant published literature. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Sinomed, and VIP were used to collect all publications until March 2016. Randomized controlled trials comparing treatments with and without MLSM for subjects with DCVA were included. The quality of each publication was assessed based on the recent Handbook (5.1 version) for Cochrane Reviewers. Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.3 software was applied for data analysis. RESULTS Thirty studies, including 2599 cases, were identified and collected. Adjunctive treatment with MLSM noticeably enhanced total effective rates (odds ratio 3.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.92-4.85, I = 0%, P = 0.96) in comparison to non-MLSM conventional pharmacotherapy. Compared to non-MLSM treatment, the changes of Hamilton Depression Scale in adjunctive treatment with MLSM, respectively, decreased and showed beneficial effects after 3 weeks (weighted mean difference [WMD] -4.83; 95% CI -6.82 to -2.83; I = 86%, P < 0.001), 4 weeks (WMD -4.20; 95% CI -5.06 to -3.33; I = 78%, P < 0.001), 6 weeks (WMD -3.36; 95% CI -4.05 to -2.68; I = 54%, P = 0.02), 8 weeks (WMD -4.83; 95% CI -5.62 to -4.04; I = 73%, P < 0.001), and 12 weeks (WMD -2.88; 95% CI -4.09 to -1.67; I = 58%, P = 0.09). As for changes in inflammatory cytokine levels, adjunctive treatment with MLSM was associated with a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and interleukin-1β levels in comparison to non-MLSM treatment. Moreover, there were positive effects on score changes for National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, activities of daily living, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Modified Edinburgh Scandinavian Stroke Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION MLSM appears to improve symptoms of depressive disorders, enhance immediate responses, and the quality of life in subjects with DCVA. The positive action of MLSM might be potentially connected with its immunoregulating effects. More prospective trials with strict design and larger sample sizes are warranted to clarify its effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Zeng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)
| | - Wei-Xiong Liang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)
| | - Jia-Ci Liu
- The 2nd Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- The 2nd Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Wen-Yi Du
- The 2nd Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)
| | - Qi Wang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Clinical Research/National Clinical Trials Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Lu Wang
- World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies
| | - Chang-Rong Meng
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)
| | - Ke-Zhu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
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Law BYK, Mok SWF, Wu AG, Lam CWK, Yu MXY, Wong VKW. New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy. Molecules 2016; 21:359. [PMID: 26999089 PMCID: PMC6274228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a universal catabolic cellular process for quality control of cytoplasm and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon nutrient deprivation and environmental stimulus. It involves the lysosomal degradation of cellular components such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Defects in autophagy are implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including cancers, myopathy, neurodegenerations, infections and cardiovascular diseases. In the recent decade, traditional drugs with new clinical applications are not only commonly found in Western medicines, but also highlighted in Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). For instance, pharmacological studies have revealed that active components or fractions from Chaihu (Radix bupleuri), Hu Zhang (Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati), Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens), Hou po (Cortex magnoliae officinalis) and Chuan xiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) modulate cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy. These findings shed light on the potential new applications and formulation of CHM decoctions via regulation of autophagy. This article reviews the roles of autophagy in the pharmacological actions of CHM and discusses their new potential clinical applications in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Margaret Xin Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Effects of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San on the Peripheral and Lymphatic Pharmacokinetics of Paclitaxel in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5614747. [PMID: 27057200 PMCID: PMC4802034 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5614747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is effective against breast cancer. The herbal medicine, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS), is the most frequent prescription used to relieve the symptoms of breast cancer treatments. The aim of the study was to investigate the herb-drug interaction effects of a herbal medicine on the distribution of paclitaxel to lymph. A validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was used to determine the paclitaxel levels in rat plasma and lymph after intravenous infusion of paclitaxel alone with or without 7 days of JWXYS pretreatment. The pharmacokinetic results indicate that paclitaxel concentrations in plasma exceeded those in lymph by approximately 3.6-fold. The biodistribution of paclitaxel from plasma to lymph was 39 ± 5%; however, this increased to 45 ± 4% with JWXYS pretreatment. With JWXYS pretreatment, the AUC and Cmax of paclitaxel in plasma were significantly reduced by approximately 1.5-fold, compared to paclitaxel alone. Additionally, JWXYS decreased the AUC and Cmax of paclitaxel in lymph. However, the lymph absorption rate of paclitaxel with or without JWXYS pretreatment was not significantly changed (27 ± 3 and 30 ± 2%, resp.). Our findings demonstrate that when paclitaxel is prescribed concurrently with herbal medicine, monitoring of the blood pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel is recommended.
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Hu SCS, Lee IT, Yen MH, Lin CC, Lee CW, Yen FL. Anti-melanoma activity of Bupleurum chinense, Bupleurum kaoi and nanoparticle formulation of their major bioactive compound saikosaponin-d. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:432-442. [PMID: 26748071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bupleurum chinense is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb which has been used to treat various inflammatory and infectious diseases, while Bupleurum kaoi is an endemic plant in Taiwan. We determined whether B. chinense and B. kaoi and their biologically active saikosaponin compounds possess anti-melanoma activity. In addition, we developed a novel saikosaponin-d nanoparticle system to improve its solubility, and evaluated its antiproliferative effects and molecular mechanisms in melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanolic extracts from B. chinense and B. kaoi were prepared, and their saikosaponin contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Saikosaponin-d nanoparticles were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated by particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Human A375.S2 melanoma cells were cultured, and cell viability determined by the MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by determination of mitochondrial membrane potential, and signal transduction pathways investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS Ethanolic extracts from B. kaoi showed more potent antiproliferative effect on human A375.S2 melanoma cells compared to B. chinense. The saikosaponin-a, -c and -d contents were higher in B. kaoi compared to B. chinense. Saikosaponin-d was the most potent compound in terms of anti-melanoma activity, and saikosaponin-d nanoparticles exhibited increased water solubility due to lowered particle size, amorphous transformation and intermolecular hydrogen bond formation with the excipient. Furthermore, saikosaponin-d nanoparticles showed enhanced antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells, and induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The anti-melanoma activity was mediated by phosphorylation of JNK and p38, phosphorylation of p53, increased level of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase 9. CONCLUSIONS B. kaoi contains higher saikosaponin content and shows greater anti-melanoma activity than B. chinense. Saikosaponin-d nanoparticles have improved solubility, and may have potential use in the future as a form of treatment for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chen YC, Wang HM, Niu QX, Ye DY, Liang GW. Binding between Saikosaponin C and Human Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2016; 21:153. [PMID: 26828474 PMCID: PMC6273137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin C (SSC) is one of the major active constituents of dried Radix bupleuri root (Chaihu in Chinese) that has been widely used in China to treat a variety of conditions, such as liver disease, for many centuries. The binding of SSC to human serum albumin (HSA) was explored by fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), UV-vis spectrophotometry, and molecular docking to understand both the pharmacology and the basis of the clinical use of SSC/Chaihu. SSC produced a concentration-dependent quenching effect on the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA, accompanied by a blue shift in the fluorescence spectra. The Stern-Volmer equation showed that this quenching was dominated by static quenching. The binding constant of SSC with HSA was 3.72 × 10³ and 2.99 × 10³ L·mol(-1) at 26 °C and 36 °C, respectively, with a single binding site on each SSC and HSA molecule. Site competitive experiments demonstrated that SSC bound to site I (subdomain IIA) and site II (subdomain IIIA) in HSA. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were mostly responsible for SSC-HSA association. The energy transfer efficiency and binding distance between SSC and HSA was calculated to be 0.23 J and 2.61 nm at 26 °C, respectively. Synchronous fluorescence and CD measurements indicated that SSC affected HSA conformation in the SSC-HSA complex. Molecular docking supported the experimental findings in conformational changes, binding sites and binding forces, and revealed binding of SSC at the interface between subdomains IIA-IIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cun Chen
- Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Qing-Xia Niu
- Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Dan-Yan Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Guo-Wu Liang
- Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Jaradat N, Eid A, Abdelwahab F, Isa L, Abdulrahman A, Abualhasan M, Hussein A. Phytochemical Analysis, Quantitative Estimations of Total Phenols and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Bupleurum subovatum from Jerusalem. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Autophagic Cell Death by Poncirus trifoliata Rafin., a Traditional Oriental Medicine, in Human Oral Cancer HSC-4 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26221173 PMCID: PMC4499625 DOI: 10.1155/2015/394263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. has long been used as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agent to treat gastrointestinal disorders and pulmonary diseases such as indigestion, constipation, chest fullness, chest pain, bronchitis, and sputum in Korea. P. trifoliata extract has recently been reported to possess anticancer properties; however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, its antiproliferative effects and possible mechanisms were investigated in HSC-4 cells. The methanol extract of P. trifoliata (MEPT) significantly decreased the proliferation of HSC-4 cells (inhibitory concentration (IC)50 = 142.7 μg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. While there were no significant changes observed upon cell cycle analysis and ANNEXIN V and 7-AAD double staining in the MEPT-treated groups, the intensity of acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) staining and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC) 3-II protein expression increased in response to MEPT treatment. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine (3-MA, autophagy inhibitor) effectively blocked the MEPT-induced cytotoxicity of HSC-4 cells and triggered the activation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that MEPT is a potent autophagy agonist in oral cancer cells with antitumor therapeutic potential that acts through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.
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Li DQ, Wu J, Liu LY, Wu YY, Li LZ, Huang XX, Liu QB, Yang JY, Song SJ, Wu CF. Cytotoxic triterpenoid glycosides (saikosaponins) from the roots of Bupleurum chinense. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3887-92. [PMID: 26259802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As a part of our ongoing studies on cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from herbal medicines, phytochemical investigation of the roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. afforded four new saikosaponins (1-4), along with 16 known ones (5-20). Their structures were established by direct interpretation of their spectral data, mainly HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR, and by comparison with literature data. Among them, compound 20 was isolated from the natural product for the first time. The cytotoxicities of all compounds against five selected human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, Hep3B, Bcap-37 and MCF-7) were assayed. In general, a number of the isolated compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against the five selected human cancer cell lines. In particular, compounds 3, 8-9, 11-13, 16 and 20 showed more potent cytotoxic activities against the HepG2 and A549 cell lines than the positive control 5-fluorouracil. Based on the primary screening results, the preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were also discussed. The SAR results suggest that the 13,28-epoxy bridge, the orientation of the hydroxyl group and the type of the sugar units are important requirements for cytotoxicity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Zhi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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