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Rodrigues RS, Moreira JB, Mateus JM, Barateiro A, Paulo SL, Vaz SH, Lourenço DM, Ribeiro FF, Soares R, Loureiro-Campos E, Bielefeld P, Sebastião AM, Fernandes A, Pinto L, Fitzsimons CP, Xapelli S. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor inhibition enhances the antidepressant and proneurogenic effects of physical exercise after chronic stress. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:170. [PMID: 38555299 PMCID: PMC10981758 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has emerged as a promising target to counteract stress-related disorders given the ability of newborn neurons to facilitate endogenous plasticity. Recent data sheds light on the interaction between cannabinoids and neurotrophic factors underlying the regulation of AHN, with important effects on cognitive plasticity and emotional flexibility. Since physical exercise (PE) is known to enhance neurotrophic factor levels, we hypothesised that PE could engage with cannabinoids to influence AHN and that this would result in beneficial effects under stressful conditions. We therefore investigated the actions of modulating cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), which are devoid of psychotropic effects, in combination with PE in chronically stressed animals. We found that CB2R inhibition, but not CB2R activation, in combination with PE significantly ameliorated stress-evoked emotional changes and cognitive deficits. Importantly, this combined strategy critically shaped stress-induced changes in AHN dynamics, leading to a significant increase in the rates of cell proliferation and differentiation of newborn neurons, overall reduction in neuroinflammation, and increased hippocampal levels of BDNF. Together, these results show that CB2Rs are crucial regulators of the beneficial effects of PE in countering the effects of chronic stress. Our work emphasises the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind the actions of cannabinoids and PE and provides a framework for future therapeutic strategies to treat stress-related disorders that capitalise on lifestyle interventions complemented with endocannabinoid pharmacomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - J B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J M Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, blood and peripheral inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D M Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - P Bielefeld
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, blood and peripheral inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C P Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Rawat R, Tunc-Ozcan E, Dunlop S, Tsai YH, Li F, Bertossi R, Peng CY, Kessler JA. Ketamine's rapid and sustained antidepressant effects are driven by distinct mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:105. [PMID: 38413417 PMCID: PMC10899278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Administration of multiple subanesthetic doses of ketamine increases the duration of antidepressant effects relative to a single ketamine dose, but the mechanisms mediating this sustained effect are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ketamine's rapid and sustained effects on affective behavior are mediated by separate and temporally distinct mechanisms. The rapid effects of a single dose of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus without an increase in neurogenesis. Treatment with six doses of ketamine over two weeks doubled the duration of behavioral effects after the final ketamine injection. However, unlike ketamine's rapid effects, this more sustained behavioral effect did not correlate with increased immature neuron activity but instead correlated with increased numbers of calretinin-positive and doublecortin-positive immature neurons. This increase in neurogenesis was associated with a decrease in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, a known inhibitor of neurogenesis. Injection of a BMP4-expressing lentivirus into the dentate gyrus maintained BMP signaling in the niche and blocked the sustained - but not the rapid - behavioral effects of ketamine, indicating that decreased BMP signaling is necessary for ketamine's sustained effects. Thus, although the rapid effects of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus without requiring an increase in neurogenesis, ketamine's sustained effects require a decrease in BMP signaling and increased neurogenesis along with increased neuron activity. Understanding ketamine's dual mechanisms of action should help with the development of new rapid-acting therapies that also have safe, reliable, and sustained effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Rawat
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Elif Tunc-Ozcan
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sara Dunlop
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yung-Hsu Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fangze Li
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ryan Bertossi
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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3
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Kraemer RR, Kraemer BR. The effects of peripheral hormone responses to exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1202349. [PMID: 38084331 PMCID: PMC10710532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a considerable amount of new data have revealed the beneficial effects of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis and the maintenance or improvement of cognitive function. Investigations with animal models, as well as human studies, have yielded novel understanding of the mechanisms through which endocrine signaling can stimulate neurogenesis, as well as the effects of exercise on acute and/or chronic levels of these circulating hormones. Considering the effects of aging on the decline of specific endocrine factors that affect brain health, insights in this area of research are particularly important. In this review, we discuss how different forms of exercise influence the peripheral production of specific endocrine factors, with particular emphasis on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin, estrogen, testosterone, irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, and cortisol. We also describe mechanisms through which these endocrine responses to exercise induce cellular changes that increase hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, United States
| | - Bradley R. Kraemer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
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Thapak P, Smith G, Ying Z, Paydar A, Harris N, Gomez-Pinilla F. The BDNF mimetic R-13 attenuates TBI pathogenesis using TrkB-related pathways and bioenergetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166781. [PMID: 37286142 PMCID: PMC10619508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is major neurological burden globally, and effective treatments are urgently needed. TBI is characterized by a reduction in energy metabolism and synaptic function that seems a primary cause of neuronal dysfunction. R13, a small drug and BDNF mimetic showed promising results in improving spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior after TBI. Additionally, R13 was found to counteract reductions in molecules associated with BDNF signaling (p-TrkB, p-PI3K, p-AKT), synaptic plasticity (GluR2, PSD95, Synapsin I) as well as bioenergetic components such as mitophagy (SOD, PGC-1α, PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, and LC3) and real-time mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Behavioral and molecular changes were accompanied by adaptations in functional connectivity assessed using MRI. Results highlight the potential of R13 as a therapeutic agent for TBI and provide valuable insights into the molecular and functional changes associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Thapak
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhe Ying
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Afshin Paydar
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Neil Harris
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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5
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Chrusch MJ, Fu S, Spanswick SC, Vecchiarelli HA, Patel PP, Hill MN, Dyck RH. Environmental Enrichment Engages Vesicular Zinc Signaling to Enhance Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060883. [PMID: 36980224 PMCID: PMC10046929 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is highly concentrated in synaptic vesicles throughout the mammalian telencephalon and, in particular, the hippocampal dentate gyrus. A role for zinc in modulating synaptic plasticity has been inferred, but whether zinc has a particular role in experience-dependent plasticity has yet to be determined. The aim of the current study was to determine whether vesicular zinc is important for modulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis in an experience-dependent manner and, consequently, hippocampal-dependent behaviour. We assessed the role of vesicular zinc in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour by comparing ZnT3 knockout (KO) mice, which lack vesicular zinc, to wild-type (WT) littermates exposed to either standard housing conditions (SH) or an enriched environment (EE). We found that vesicular zinc is necessary for a cascade of changes in hippocampal plasticity following EE, such as increases in hippocampal neurogenesis and elevations in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), but was otherwise dispensable under SH conditions. Using the Spatial Object Recognition task and the Morris Water task we show that, unlike WT mice, ZnT3 KO mice showed no improvements in spatial memory following EE. These experiments demonstrate that vesicular zinc is essential for the enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour following enrichment, supporting a role for zincergic neurons in contributing to experience-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Chrusch
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Selena Fu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simon C. Spanswick
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Haley A. Vecchiarelli
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Payal P. Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Matthew N. Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Richard H. Dyck
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.J.C.); (S.F.); (S.C.S.); (H.A.V.); (M.N.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Poon CH, Liu Y, Pak S, Zhao RC, Aquili L, Tipoe GL, Leung GKK, Chan YS, Yang S, Fung ML, Wu EX, Lim LW. Prelimbic Cortical Stimulation with L-methionine Enhances Cognition through Hippocampal DNA Methylation and Neuroplasticity Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2023; 14:112-135. [PMID: 36818556 PMCID: PMC9937711 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining global DNA methylation and cognitive impairment are reported to occur in the normal aging process. It is not known if DNA methylation plays a role in the efficacy of memory-enhancing therapies. In this study, aged animals were administered prelimbic cortical deep brain stimulation (PrL DBS) and/or L-methionine (MET) treatment. We found that PrL DBS and MET (MET-PrL DBS) co-administration resulted in hippocampal-dependent spatial memory enhancements in aged animals. Molecular data suggested MET-PrL DBS induced DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a-dependent methylation, robust synergistic upregulation of neuroplasticity-related genes, and simultaneous inhibition of the memory-suppressing gene calcineurin in the hippocampus. We further found that MET-PrL DBS also activated the PKA-CaMKIIα-BDNF pathway, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and enhanced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. We next inhibited the activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) by RG108 infusion in the hippocampus of young animals to establish a causal relationship between DNMT activity and the effects of PrL DBS. Hippocampal DNMT inhibition in young animals was sufficient to recapitulate the behavioral deficits observed in aged animals and abolished the memory-enhancing and molecular effects of PrL DBS. Our findings implicate hippocampal DNMT as a therapeutic target for PrL DBS and pave way for the potential use of non-invasive neuromodulation modalities against dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sojeong Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Luca Aquili
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ed Xuekui Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Lee Wei LIM, Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .
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7
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Saadati H, Ghaheri S, Sadegzadeh F, Sakhaie N, Abdollahzadeh M. Beneficial effects of enriched environment on behavior, cognitive functions, and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor level following postnatal serotonin depletion in male rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:67-79. [PMID: 36342785 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) is one of the most important modulators of neural circuitry and has a critical role in neural development and functions. Previous studies indicated that changes in serotonergic system signaling in early life critically impact mental health, behavior, the morphology of hippocampal neurons, and cognitive functions across the lifespan. The enriched environment (EE) has indicated beneficial effects on behavior and cognitive functions in the developmental period of life, but its impacts on cognitive impairments and behavioral changes following postnatal serotonin depletion are unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influences of the EE housing (postnatal days [PNDs] 21-60) following postnatal serotonin depletion (by para-chlorophenylalanine [PCPA], 100 mg/kg, s.c, in PNDs 10-20) on anxiety-related behaviors, cognitive functions, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the hippocampus of male rats. Memory and behavioral parameters were examined in early adulthood and after that, the hippocampi of rats were removed to determine the BDNF mRNA expression by PCR (PNDs 60-70). The findings of the present work indicated that adolescent EE exposure alleviated memory impairment, decreased BDNF levels, and anxiety disorders induced by experimental depletion of serotonin. Overall, these results indicate that serotonergic system dysregulation during the developmental periods can be alleviated by adolescent EE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Saadati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Safa Ghaheri
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farshid Sadegzadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nona Sakhaie
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Abdollahzadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Guzzetta KE, Cryan JF, O’Leary OF. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Brain Plast 2022; 8:97-119. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The birth, maturation, and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus regulates specific learning and memory processes, responses to stress, and antidepressant treatment efficacy. This process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to environmental stimuli, including peripheral signals from certain cytokines, hormones, and metabolites, which can promote or hinder the production and survival of new hippocampal neurons. The trillions of microorganisms resident to the gastrointestinal tract and collectively known as the gut microbiota, also demonstrate the ability to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In doing so, the microbiota-gut-brain axis can influence brain functions regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Unlike the hippocampus, the gut microbiota is highly accessible to direct interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics, and can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet. Therefore, understanding the pathways by which the gut microbiota shapes hippocampal neurogenesis may reveal novel targets for non-invasive therapeutics to treat disorders in which alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis have been implicated. This review first outlines the factors which influence both the gut microbiome and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with cognizance that these effects might happen either independently or due to microbiota-driven mechanisms. We then highlight approaches for investigating the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we summarize the current evidence demonstrating the gut microbiota’s ability to influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, including mechanisms driven through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signalling, and the nervous system, and postulate implications for these effects in disease onset and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F. O’Leary
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
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Zhang YM, Cheng YZ, Wang YT, Wei RM, Ge YJ, Kong XY, Li XY. Environmental Enrichment Reverses Maternal Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Cognitive Impairment in CD-1 Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:943900. [PMID: 35910680 PMCID: PMC9326347 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.943900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have clearly indicated that offspring of mothers who suffered sleep deprivation during pregnancy exhibit anxiety, depression-like behaviors, and cognitive deficits. The cognitive impairment induced by maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) is currently poorly treated. Growing evidence indicates that an enriched environment (EE) improves cognition function in models of Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and lipopolysaccharide. However, the effects of EE on hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, as well as synaptic plasticity markers changes induced by MSD, are unclear. In the present study, pregnant CD-1 mice were randomly divided into a control group, MSD group, and MSD+EE group. Two different living environments, including standard environment and EE, were prepared. When male and female offspring were 2 months, the open field test and elevated plus maze were used to assess anxiety-like behavior, and the Morris water maze was used to evaluate hippocampal learning and memory. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Synaptotagmin-1 in the hippocampus of offspring. The results revealed that MSD-induced offspring showed anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment, while EE alleviated anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment in offspring of the MSD+EE group. The cognitive impairment induced by MSD was associated with a decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increased Synaptotagmin-1, while EE increased and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Synaptotagmin-1 in the hippocampus of mice from the MSD+EE group, respectively. Taken together, we can conclude that EE has beneficial effects on MSD-induced synaptic plasticity markers changes and can alleviate anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Zhou Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ru-Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Yan Li
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10
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Ghaheri S, Panahpour H, Abdollahzadeh M, Saadati H. Adolescent enriched environment exposure alleviates cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived male rats: Role of hippocampal BDNF. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 82:133-145. [PMID: 34937120 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental life experience has long-lasting influences on the brain and behavior. The present study aims to examine the long-term effects of the enriched environment (EE), which was imposed during the adolescence period of life, on their passive avoidance and recognition memories as well as anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, in sleep-deprived male rats. In the present study, the male pups were separated from their mothers in postnatal day 21 (PND21) and were housed in the standard or EE for 40 days. In PND 61, the rats were allocated in four groups: control, SD (sleep deprivation), EE, and EE+SD groups. Sleep deprivation was induced in rats by a modified multiple platform model for 24 hours. Open field, novel object recognition memory, and passive avoidance memory tests were used to examine behavior and cognitive ability. The expression of hippocampal BDNF levels was determined by PCR. The results revealed that SD increased anxiety-like behaviors and impaired cognitive ability, while adolescent EE housing alleviated these changes. In addition, EE reversed SD-induced changes in hippocampal BDNF level. We also demonstrated that EE not only has beneficial effects on the cognitive functions of normal rats but also declined memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation. In conclusion, our results suggest that housing in EE during the adolescence period of life reduces cognitive impairment induced by SD. The increase of the BDNF level in the hippocampus is a possible mechanism to alleviate cognitive performance in sleep-deprived rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ghaheri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamdollah Panahpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Saadati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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11
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Paulo SL, Miranda-Lourenço C, Belo RF, Rodrigues RS, Fonseca-Gomes J, Tanqueiro SR, Geraldes V, Rocha I, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S, Diógenes MJ. High Caloric Diet Induces Memory Impairment and Disrupts Synaptic Plasticity in Aged Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2305-2319. [PMID: 34940136 PMCID: PMC8929079 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing consumption of sugar and fat seen over the last decades and the consequent overweight and obesity, were recently linked with a deleterious effect on cognition and synaptic function. A major question, which remains to be clarified, is whether obesity in the elderly is an additional risk factor for cognitive impairment. We aimed at unravelling the impact of a chronic high caloric diet (HCD) on memory performance and synaptic plasticity in aged rats. Male rats were kept on an HCD or a standard diet (control) from 1 to 24 months of age. The results showed that under an HCD, aged rats were obese and displayed significant long-term recognition memory impairment when compared to age-matched controls. Ex vivo synaptic plasticity recorded from hippocampal slices from HCD-fed aged rats revealed a reduction in the magnitude of long-term potentiation, accompanied by a decrease in the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptors TrkB full-length (TrkB-FL). No alterations in neurogenesis were observed, as quantified by the density of immature doublecortin-positive neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. This study highlights that obesity induced by a chronic HCD exacerbates age-associated cognitive decline, likely due to impaired synaptic plasticity, which might be associated with deficits in TrkB-FL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Miranda-Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita F. Belo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R. Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera Geraldes
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.G.); (I.R.)
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.G.); (I.R.)
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.L.P.); (C.M.-L.); (R.F.B.); (R.S.R.); (J.F.-G.); (S.R.T.); (A.M.S.); (S.X.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-985-183
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12
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Almeida Barros WM, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Silva RKP, da Silva KG, da Silva Souza AP, Rodrigues Marques Silva M, da Silva ABJ, Jurema Santos GC, Dos Santos MERA, do Carmo TS, de Souza SL, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V. Does the enriched environment alter memory capacity in malnourished rats by modulating BDNF expression? J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:125-132. [PMID: 34907761 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors interfere in the neural plasticity processes. Among these, malnutrition in the early stages of life stands out as one of the main non-genetic factors that can interfere in the morphofunctional development of the nervous system. Furthermore, sensory stimulation from enriched environments (EE) also interferes with neural development. These two factors can modify areas related to memory and learning as the hippocampus, through mechanisms related to the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The BDNF may interfere in synaptic plasticity processes, such as memory. In addition, these changes in early life may affect the functioning of the hippocampus during adulthood through mechanisms mediated by BDNF. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a literature review on the effects of early malnutrition on memory and the relationship between the underlying mechanisms of EE, BDNF gene expression, and memory. In addition, there are studies that demonstrate the effect of EE reversal on exposure to changes in the functioning of hippocampal malnutrition in adult rats that were prematurely malnourished. Thereby, evidence from the scientific literature suggests that the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult animals are influenced by malnutrition and EE, and these alterations may involve the participation of BDNF as a key regulator in memory processes in the adult animal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Maria Almeida Barros
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | | | - Roberta Karlize Pereira Silva
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Karollainy Gomes da Silva
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Ana Patricia da Silva Souza
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Mariluce Rodrigues Marques Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Januario da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | | | | | - Taciane Silva do Carmo
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil
| | - Sandra Lopes de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil
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13
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Ribeiro FF, Ferreira F, Rodrigues RS, Soares R, Pedro DM, Duarte-Samartinho M, Aroeira RI, Ferreiro E, Valero J, Solá S, Mira H, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S. Regulation of hippocampal postnatal and adult neurogenesis by adenosine A 2A receptor: Interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1362-1381. [PMID: 34043863 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) activation modulates several brain processes, ranging from neuronal maturation to synaptic plasticity. Most of these actions occur through the modulation of the actions of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this work, we studied the role of A2A Rs in regulating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we show that A2A R activation with CGS 21680 promoted neural stem cell self-renewal, protected committed neuronal cells from cell death and contributed to a higher density of immature and mature neuronal cells, particularly glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, A2A R endogenous activation was found to be essential for BDNF-mediated increase in cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Our findings contribute to further understand the role of adenosinergic signaling in the brain and may have an impact in the development of strategies for brain repair under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Pedro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Duarte-Samartinho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita I Aroeira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Laboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
- University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Spain
| | - Susana Solá
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Bourdenx M, Martín-Segura A, Scrivo A, Rodriguez-Navarro JA, Kaushik S, Tasset I, Diaz A, Storm NJ, Xin Q, Juste YR, Stevenson E, Luengo E, Clement CC, Choi SJ, Krogan NJ, Mosharov EV, Santambrogio L, Grueninger F, Collin L, Swaney DL, Sulzer D, Gavathiotis E, Cuervo AM. Chaperone-mediated autophagy prevents collapse of the neuronal metastable proteome. Cell 2021; 184:2696-2714.e25. [PMID: 33891876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Components of the proteostasis network malfunction in aging, and reduced protein quality control in neurons has been proposed to promote neurodegeneration. Here, we investigate the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective autophagy shown to degrade neurodegeneration-related proteins, in neuronal proteostasis. Using mouse models with systemic and neuronal-specific CMA blockage, we demonstrate that loss of neuronal CMA leads to altered neuronal function, selective changes in the neuronal metastable proteome, and proteotoxicity, all reminiscent of brain aging. Imposing CMA loss on a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has synergistic negative effects on the proteome at risk of aggregation, thus increasing neuronal disease vulnerability and accelerating disease progression. Conversely, chemical enhancement of CMA ameliorates pathology in two different AD experimental mouse models. We conclude that functional CMA is essential for neuronal proteostasis through the maintenance of a subset of the proteome with a higher risk of misfolding than the general proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bourdenx
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Adrián Martín-Segura
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Aurora Scrivo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jose A Rodriguez-Navarro
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Inmaculada Tasset
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nadia J Storm
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qisheng Xin
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yves R Juste
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Department of Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Enrique Luengo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina C Clement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Se Joon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Fiona Grueninger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuro-Immunology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuro-Immunology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Department of Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10461, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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15
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Intervention of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Other Neurotrophins in Adult Neurogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1331:95-115. [PMID: 34453295 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74046-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell survival during adult neurogenesis and the modulation of each step, namely, proliferation, lineage differentiation, migration, maturation, and functional integration of the newborn cells into the existing circuitry, is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Transduction of extracellular niche signals triggers the activation of intracellular mechanisms that regulate adult neurogenesis by affecting gene expression. While the intrinsic factors include transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, the extrinsic factors are molecular signals that are present in the neurogenic niche microenvironment. These include morphogens, growth factors, neurotransmitters, and signaling molecules secreted as soluble factors or associated to the extracellular matrix. Among these molecular mechanisms are neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors which have been implicated in the regulation of adult neurogenesis at different levels, with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) being the most studied neurotrophin. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge about the role of neurotrophins in the regulation of adult neurogenesis in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ).
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16
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Bonafina A, Trinchero MF, Ríos AS, Bekinschtein P, Schinder AF, Paratcha G, Ledda F. GDNF and GFRα1 Are Required for Proper Integration of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4308-4319.e4. [PMID: 31875542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is required for the survival and differentiation of diverse neuronal populations during nervous system development. Despite the high expression of GDNF and its receptor GFRα1 in the adult hippocampus, the functional role of this system remains unknown. Here, we show that GDNF, acting through its GFRα1 receptor, controls dendritic structure and spine density of adult-born granule cells, which reveals that GFRα1 is required for their integration into preexisting circuits. Moreover, conditional mutant mice for GFRα1 show deficits in behavioral pattern separation, a task in which adult neurogenesis is known to play a critical role. We also find that running increases GDNF in the dentate gyrus and promotes GFRα1-dependent CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) activation and dendrite maturation. Together, these findings indicate that GDNF/GFRα1 signaling plays an essential role in the plasticity of adult circuits, controlling the integration of newly generated neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Bonafina
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Fernanda Trinchero
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonella Soledad Ríos
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Translacional, Universidad Favaloro, INECO, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Fabián Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Li A, Yau SY, Machado S, Wang P, Yuan TF, So KF. Enhancement of Hippocampal Plasticity by Physical Exercise as a Polypill for Stress and Depression: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:294-306. [PMID: 30848219 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190308102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Generation of newborn neurons that form functional synaptic connections in the dentate gyrus of adult mammals, known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has been suggested to play critical roles in regulating mood, as well as certain forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Environmental stress suppresses structural plasticity including adult neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus, whereas physical exercise exerts opposite effects. Here, we review recent discoveries on the potential mechanisms concerning how physical exercise mitigates the stressrelated depressive disorders, with a focus on the perspective of modulation on hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritic remodeling and synaptic plasticity. Unmasking such mechanisms may help devise new drugs in the future for treating neuropsychiatric disorders involving impaired neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Pingjie Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Sakhaie N, Sadegzadeh F, Mohammadnia A, Dadkhah M, Saadati H. Sex-dependent effects of postweaning exposure to an enriched environment on novel objective recognition memory and anxiety-like behaviors: The role of hippocampal BDNF level. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:396-408. [PMID: 32416621 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to enriched environment (EE) has been indicated to enhance cognitive functions, hippocampal neural plasticity, neurogenesis, long-term potentiation, and levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in laboratory animals. Also, studies on the sex-dependent effects of exposure to EE during adolescence on adult cognitive functions are less. This is important because the beneficial effects of EE may be predominant in the adolescence stage. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effects of EE during adolescence (PND21-PND60) on novel objective recognition memory (NORM), anxiety-like behaviors, and hippocampal BDNF mRNA level in the adult male and female rats. Assessment of NORM and anxiety-like behaviors has been done by novel objective recognition task, open field (OF), and elevated plus maze (EPM), respectively. The expression of BDNF mRNA level was also evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Our findings demonstrated that housing in the EE during adolescence improves NORM in adult male rats. Also, exposure to EE during adolescence had a different effect on anxiety-like behaviors in both sexes. Additionally, our results indicated an augmented BDNF level in the hippocampus of male and female rats. In conclusion, adolescent exposure to EE has sex-dependent effects on cognitive functions and anxiety-like behaviors and increases BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus of both male and female rats; thus, BDNF is an important factor that can mediate the beneficial effects of EE and running exercise on cognitive functions and psychiatric traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nona Sakhaie
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farshid Sadegzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadnia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Saadati
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Physiological Studies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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19
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Effects of exposure to enriched environment during adolescence on passive avoidance memory, nociception, and prefrontal BDNF level in adult male and female rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 732:135133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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McDole B, Berger R, Guthrie K. Genetic Increases in Olfactory Bulb BDNF Do Not Enhance Survival of Adult-Born Granule Cells. Chem Senses 2020; 45:3-13. [PMID: 31562506 PMCID: PMC6923167 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-born neurons produced in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone (SGZ) develop as excitatory hippocampal granule cells (GCs), while those from the subventricular zone (SVZ) migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB), where most develop as GABAergic olfactory GCs. Both types of neurons express TrkB as they mature. Normally ~50% of new olfactory GCs survive, but survival declines if sensory drive is reduced. Increases in endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus, particularly with wheel running, enhance dentate GC survival. Whether survival of new olfactory GCs is impacted by augmenting BDNF in the OB, where they mature and integrate, is not known. Here, we determined if increasing OB BDNF expression enhances survival of new GCs, and if it counters their loss under conditions of reduced sensory activity. Neurogenesis was assessed under normal conditions, and following unilateral naris occlusion, in mice overexpressing BDNF in the granule cell layer (GCL). OB BDNF levels were significantly higher in transgenic mice compared to controls, and this was maintained following sensory deprivation. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) cell birth dating showed that at 12-14 days post-BrdU, numbers of new GCs did not differ between genotypes, indicating normal recruitment to the OB. At later intervals, transgenic and control mice showed levels of GC loss in deprived and nondeprived animals that were indistinguishable, as was the incidence of apoptotic cells in the GCL. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to new dentate GCs, elevations in endogenous BDNF do not enhance survival of adult-born olfactory GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittnee McDole
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Rachel Berger
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen Guthrie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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21
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Kim W, Hahn KR, Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Kim JW, Park JH, Yoo DY, Kim DW, Won MH, Yoon YS, Hwang IK. Melatonin ameliorates cuprizone-induced reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01388. [PMID: 31429533 PMCID: PMC6749490 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cuprizone on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in naïve mice. Additionally, we also studied how melatonin affects the neuronal degeneration induced by cuprizone. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: (a) the control group, (b) the group treated with cuprizone only, and (c) the group treated with both cuprizone and melatonin. Cuprizone was administered with food at 0.2% ad libitum for 6 weeks. Melatonin was also administered with tap water at 6 g/L ad libitum for 6 weeks; the animals were then euthanized for immunohistochemistry with Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) response element binding (pCREB); double immunofluorescence of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and myelin basic protein (MBP); and Western blot analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression to reveal the effects of cuprizone and melatonin on cell damage and hippocampal neurogenesis. RESULTS Administration of cuprizone significantly decreased the number of differentiating (DCX-positive) neuroblasts and proliferating (Ki67-positive) cells in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, cuprizone administration decreased glucose utilization (GLUT3-positive cells) and cell transcription (pCREB-positive cells and BDNF protein expression) in the dentate gyrus. Administration of melatonin ameliorated the cuprizone-induced reduction of differentiating neuroblasts and proliferating cells, glucose utilization, and cell transcription. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that cuprizone treatment disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by reducing BDNF levels and decreasing the phosphorylation of CREB. These effects were ameliorated by melatonin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Telles-Longui M, Mourelle D, Schöwe NM, Cipolli GC, Malerba HN, Buck HS, Viel TA. α7 nicotinic ACh receptors are necessary for memory recovery and neuroprotection promoted by attention training in amyloid-β-infused mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3193-3205. [PMID: 31144293 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Attention training reverses the neurodegeneration and memory loss promoted by infusion of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in rats and increases the density of α7 nicotinic ACh receptors (α7nAChRs) in brain areas related to memory. Hence, we aimed to assess the role of α7nAChRs in the memory recovery promoted by attention training. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57Bl/6 mice were chronically infused with Aβ, Aβ plus the α7 antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), or MLA alone. Control animals were infused with vehicle. Animals were subjected weekly to the active avoidance shuttle box for 4 weeks (attention training). The brain and serum were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. KEY RESULTS Aβ caused cognitive impairment, which was reversed by the weekly training, whereas Aβ + MLA also promoted memory loss but with no reversal with weekly training. MLA alone also promoted memory loss but with only partial reversal with the training. Animals infused with Aβ alone showed senile plaques in hippocampus, no change in BDNF levels in cortex, hippocampus, and serum, but increased AChE activity in cortex and hippocampus. Co-treatment with MLA increased AChE activity and senile plaque deposition in hippocampus as well as reducing BDNF in hippocampus and serum, suggesting a lack of α7nAChR function leads to a loss of neuroprotection mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The α7nAChR has a determinant role in memory recovery and brain resilience in the presence of neurodegeneration promoted by Aβ peptide. These data support further studies concerning these receptors as pharmacological targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Telles-Longui
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Mourelle
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mendes Schöwe
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helena Nascimento Malerba
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Barros W, David M, Souza A, Silva M, Matos R. Can the effects of environmental enrichment modulate BDNF expression in hippocampal plasticity? A systematic review of animal studies. Synapse 2019; 73:e22103. [PMID: 31056812 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Environmental enrichment (EE) can be related to changes in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of adult rodents. Exposure to EE may also induce neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the current literature on the correlation between neurogenesis and BDNF expression in the hippocampal DG region resulting from exposure to EE, which is associated with changes in memory, in rodents. METHODS Bibliographic searches of the Medline/PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were carried out, and 334 studies were found. A predefined protocol was used and registered on PROSPERO, and 32 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The PRISMA was used to report this systematic review. RESULTS Most of the included studies showed that there is little evidence in the literature demonstrating that memory changes resulting from EE are dependent on BDNF expression and that there is an induction of neurogenesis in the hippocampal DG. However, the observed increase in molecular expression levels and cell proliferation is dependent on the age, the timing and duration of exposure to EE. Regarding the methodological quality of the studies, the majority presented a risk of bias due to the high variability in the age of the animals. CONCLUSION There are few studies in the literature that correlate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in neurogenesis in the hippocampal DG with BDNF expression in this region in rodents exposed to EE; however, there are other factors that can modulate this neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,CITENC (Centro integrado de tecnologia em neurociência), Centro Integrado de Tecnologia e Pesquisa (CINTEP) - Centro Universitário Osman Lins (FACOL), Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Mirian David
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana Souza
- Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Osman Lins (FACOL), Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Silva
- Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Osman Lins (FACOL), Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Rhowena Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
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24
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Ferreira FF, Ribeiro FF, Rodrigues RS, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Role in Cannabinoid-Mediated Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:441. [PMID: 30546297 PMCID: PMC6279918 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian brain can produce new neurons in a process called adult neurogenesis, which occurs mainly in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) have been shown to independently modulate neurogenesis, but how they may interact is unknown. We now used SVZ and DG neurosphere cultures from early (P1-3) postnatal rats to study the CB1R and CB2R crosstalk with BDNF in modulating neurogenesis. BDNF promoted an increase in SVZ and DG stemness and cell proliferation, an effect blocked by a CB2R selective antagonist. CB2R selective activation promoted an increase in DG multipotency, which was inhibited by the presence of a BDNF scavenger. CB1R activation induced an increase in SVZ and DG cell proliferation, being both effects dependent on BDNF. Furthermore, SVZ and DG neuronal differentiation was facilitated by CB1R and/or CB2R activation and this effect was blocked by sequestering endogenous BDNF. Conversely, BDNF promoted neuronal differentiation, an effect abrogated in SVZ cells by CB1R or CB2R blockade while in DG cells was inhibited by CB2R blockade. We conclude that endogenous BDNF is crucial for the cannabinoid-mediated effects on SVZ and DG neurogenesis. On the other hand, cannabinoid receptor signaling is also determinant for BDNF actions upon neurogenesis. These findings provide support for an interaction between BDNF and endocannabinoid signaling to control neurogenesis at distinct levels, further contributing to highlight novel mechanisms in the emerging field of brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Fiel Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Ferreira AC, Sousa N, Bessa JM, Sousa JC, Marques F. Metabolism and adult neurogenesis: Towards an understanding of the role of lipocalin-2 and iron-related oxidative stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:73-84. [PMID: 30267731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of generating new functional neurons in the adult mammalian brain occurs from the local neural stem and progenitor cells and requires tight control of the progenitor cell's activity. Several signaling pathways and intrinsic/extrinsic factors have been well studied over the last years, but recent attention has been given to the critical role of cellular metabolism in determining the functional properties of progenitor cells. Here, we review recent advances in the current understanding of when and how metabolism affects neural stem cell (NSC) behavior and subsequent neuronal differentiation and highlight the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a protein involved in the control of oxidative stress, as a recently emerged regulator of NSC activity and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João M Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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26
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Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
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27
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O'Neill KM, Donohue KE, Omelchenko A, Firestein BL. The 3' UTRs of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Transcripts Differentially Regulate the Dendritic Arbor. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:60. [PMID: 29563866 PMCID: PMC5845904 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The patterning of dendrites is regulated by many factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which our laboratory has previously shown alters the dendritic arbor uniquely depending on the mode of extracellular application. In the current work, we examine how BDNF affects dendritogenesis in hippocampal neurons when it is overexpressed intracellularly by transcripts previously reported to be transported to distinct cellular compartments. The BDNF gene is processed at two different polyadenylation sites, leading to mRNA transcription with two different length 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), and therefore, different mRNA localization preferences. We found that overexpression of BDNF mRNA with or without 3′ UTRs significantly alters dendritic branching compared to branching in control neurons as analyzed by Sholl distribution curves. Unexpectedly, we found that the overexpression of the shorter BDNF mRNA (reported to be preferentially targeted to the cell body) results in similar changes to Sholl curves compared to overexpression of the longer BDNF mRNA (reported to be preferentially targeted to both the cell body and dendrites). We also investigated whether the BDNF receptor TrkB mediates these changes and found that inhibiting TrkB blocks increases in Sholl curves, although at different distances depending on the transcript’s UTR. Finally, although it is not found in nature, we also examined the effects of overexpressing BDNF mRNA with the unique portion of the longer 3′ UTR since it was previously shown to be necessary for dendritic targeting of mRNA. We found that its overexpression increases Sholl curves at distances close to the cell body and that these changes also depend on TrkB activity. This work illustrates how the mRNA spatial code affects how BDNF alters local dendritogenesis and how TrkB may mediate these effects. Finally, our findings emphasize the importance of intracellular transport of BDNF mRNAs in the regulation of dendrite morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M O'Neill
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Katherine E Donohue
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Anton Omelchenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Faculty, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Faculty, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Stomby A, Otten J, Ryberg M, Nyberg L, Olsson T, Boraxbekk CJ. A Paleolithic Diet with and without Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Increases Functional Brain Responses and Hippocampal Volume in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:391. [PMID: 29255413 PMCID: PMC5722796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired episodic memory functions and increased risk of different dementing disorders. Diet and exercise may potentially reverse these impairments. In this study, sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes treated by lifestyle ± metformin were randomized to a Paleolithic diet (PD, n = 12) with and without high intensity exercise (PDEX, n = 12) for 12 weeks. Episodic memory function, associated functional brain responses and hippocampal gray matter volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. A matched, but not randomized, non-interventional group was included as a reference (n = 6). The PD included a high intake of unsaturated fatty acids and protein, and excluded the intake of dairy products, grains, refined sugar and salt. The exercise intervention consisted of 180 min of supervised aerobic and resistance exercise per week. Both interventions induced a significant weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased peak oxygen uptake without any significant group differences. Furthermore, both interventions were associated with increased functional brain responses within the right anterior hippocampus, right inferior occipital gyrus and increased volume of the right posterior hippocampus. There were no changes in memory performance. We conclude that life-style modification may improve neuronal plasticity in brain areas linked to cognitive function in type 2 diabetes. Putative long-term effects on cognitive functions including decreased risk of dementing disorders await further studies. Clinical trials registration number: Clinicaltrials. gov NCT01513798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stomby
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Jönköping County Hospital, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Julia Otten
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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29
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Lee HI, Lee SW, Kim NG, Park KJ, Choi BT, Shin YI, Shin HK. Low-level light emitting diode therapy promotes long-term functional recovery after experimental stroke in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1761-1771. [PMID: 28464523 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of low-level light emitting diode therapy (LED-T) on the long-term functional outcomes after cerebral ischemia, and the optimal timing of LED-T initiation for achieving suitable functional recovery. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in mice via photothrombosis. These mice were assigned to a sham-operated (control), ischemic (vehicle), or LED-T group [initiation immediately (acute), 4 days (subacute) or 10 days (delayed) after ischemia, followed by once-daily treatment for 7 days]. Behavioral outcomes were assessed 21 and 28 days post-ischemia, and histopathological analysis was performed 28 days post-ischemia. The acute and subacute LED-T groups showed a significant improvement in motor function up to 28 days post-ischemia, although no brain atrophy recovery was noted. We observed proliferating cells (BrdU+ ) in the ischemic brain, and significant increases in BrdU+ /GFAP+ , BrdU+ /DCX+ , BrdU+ /NeuN+ , and CD31+ cells in the subacute LED-T group. However, the BrdU+ /Iba-1+ cell count was reduced in the subacute LED-T group. Furthermore, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly upregulated in the subacute LED-T group. We concluded that LED-T administered during the subacute stage had a positive impact on the long-term functional outcome, probably via neuron and astrocyte proliferation, blood vessel reconstruction, and increased BDNF expression. Picture: The rotarod test for motor coordination showed that acute and subacute LED-T improves long-term functional recovery after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul, 06719, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jun Park
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul, 06719, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
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30
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O'Léime CS, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Nuclear deterrents: Intrinsic regulators of IL-1β-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:394-412. [PMID: 28751020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are born and develop into the host circuitry, begins during embryonic development and persists throughout adulthood. Over the last decade considerable insights have been made into the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function and the cellular mechanisms behind this process. Additionally, an increasing amount of evidence exists on the impact of environmental factors, such as stress and neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequent impairments in cognition. Elevated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus is established as a significant contributor to the neuronal demise evident in many neurological and psychiatric disorders and is now known to negatively regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. In order to prevent the deleterious effects of IL-1β on neurogenesis it is necessary to identify signalling pathways and regulators of neurogenesis within neural progenitor cells that can interact with IL-1β. Nuclear receptors are ligand regulated transcription factors that are involved in modulating a large number of cellular processes including neurogenesis. In this review we focus on the signalling mechanisms of specific nuclear receptors involved in regulating neurogenesis (glucocorticoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, estrogen receptors, and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (NR2E1 or TLX)). We propose that these nuclear receptors could be targeted to inhibit neuroinflammatory signalling pathways associated with IL-1β. We discuss their potential to be therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory disorders affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and associated cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S O'Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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31
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CAPS2 deficiency affects environmental enrichment-induced adult neurogenesis and differentiation/survival of newborn neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neurosci Lett 2017; 661:121-125. [PMID: 28963059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis is observed in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG), and is associated with hippocampal memory formation and several psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CAPS2) is a candidate gene related to ASD, and is highly expressed in the hippocampal DG region, with Caps2 knockout (KO) mice exhibiting ASD-like behavior. Accordingly, CAPS2 is potentially associated with hippocampal adult neurogenesis, the relationship between CAPS2 and adult neurogenesis has not yet been investigated. Here, we determined whether deficit of the Caps2 gene affects hippocampal adult neurogenesis and maturation of newborn neurons. To induce adult neurogenesis, we used the environmental enrichment (EE) condition. Both wild-type (WT) and Caps2 KO mice were housed in control or EE conditions for 3 or 14days. Hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can be used as a physiological EE conditioned marker, and were increased at 14days in the EE condition in both WT and KO mice. Newborn cells during control and EE conditions were labeled by BrdU, and the labeled cells co-immunostained with the immature and mature neuron markers, calretinin (CR) and NeuN. The ratio of CR/BrdU and NeuN/BrdU double positive cells to all of BrdU positive cells were significantly increased in WT mice housed in the EE condition for 14days compared with the control condition. Whereas KO mice in the EE condition showed no significant increase of newborn neurons. These findings suggest that CAPS2 deficiency strongly impairs hippocampal adult neurogenesis and maturation of newborn neurons.
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In Vivo Analysis of the Neurovascular Niche in the Developing Xenopus Brain. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0030-17. [PMID: 28795134 PMCID: PMC5548361 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0030-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular niche is a specialized microenvironment formed by the interactions between neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the vasculature. While it is thought to regulate adult neurogenesis by signaling through vascular-derived soluble cues or contacted-mediated cues, less is known about the neurovascular niche during development. In Xenopus laevis tadpole brain, NPCs line the ventricle and extend radial processes tipped with endfeet to the vascularized pial surface. Using in vivo labeling and time-lapse imaging in tadpoles, we find that intracardial injection of fluorescent tracers rapidly labels Sox2/3-expressing NPCs and that vascular-circulating molecules are endocytosed by NPC endfeet. Confocal imaging indicates that about half of the endfeet appear to appose the vasculature, and time-lapse analysis of NPC proliferation and endfeet-vascular interactions suggest that proliferative activity does not correlate with stable vascular apposition. Together, these findings characterize the neurovascular niche in the developing brain and suggest that, while signaling to NPCs may occur through vascular-derived soluble cues, stable contact between NPC endfeet and the vasculature is not required for developmental neurogenesis.
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33
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Distinct effects on the dendritic arbor occur by microbead versus bath administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4369-4385. [PMID: 28698933 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper communication among neurons depends on an appropriately formed dendritic arbor, and thus, aberrant changes to the arbor are implicated in many pathologies, ranging from cognitive disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the importance of dendritic shape to neuronal network function, the morphology of dendrites is tightly controlled and is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this work, we examine how brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the most well-studied extrinsic regulators of dendritic branching, affects the arbor when it is applied locally via microbeads to cultures of hippocampal neurons. We found that local application of BDNF increases both proximal and distal branching in a time-dependent manner and that local BDNF application attenuates pruning of dendrites that occurs with neuronal maturation. Additionally, we examined whether cytosolic PSD-95 interactor (cypin), an intrinsic regulator of dendritic branching, plays a role in these changes and found strong evidence for the involvement of cypin in BDNF-promoted increases in dendrites after 24 but not 48 h of application. This current study extends our previous work in which we found that bath application of BDNF for 72 h, but not shorter times, increases proximal dendrite branching and that this increase occurs through transcriptional regulation of cypin. Moreover, this current work illustrates how dendritic branching is regulated differently by the same growth factor depending on its spatial localization, suggesting a novel pathway for modulation of dendritic branching locally.
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34
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Cheng N, Alshammari F, Hughes E, Khanbabaei M, Rho JM. Dendritic overgrowth and elevated ERK signaling during neonatal development in a mouse model of autism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179409. [PMID: 28609458 PMCID: PMC5469475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (hereafter referred to as “ASD”) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impaired social communication and interactions, and restricted, repetitive activities or interests. Alterations in network connectivity and memory function are frequently observed in autism patients, often involving the hippocampus. However, specific changes during early brain development leading to disrupted functioning remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the development of dendritic arbor of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of autism. BTBR mice display the defining behavioural features of autism, and also exhibit impaired learning and memory. We found that compared to control C57BL/6J (B6) animals, the lengths of both apical and basal dendrites were significantly greater in neonatal BTBR animals. Further, basal dendrites in the BTBR mice had higher branching complexity. In contrast, cross-sectional area of the soma was unchanged. In addition, we observed a similar density of CA1 pyramidal neurons and thickness of the neuronal layer between the two strains. Thus, there was a specific, compartmentalized overgrowth of dendrites during early development in the BTBR animals. Biochemical analysis further showed that the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway was up-regulated in the hippocampus of neonatal BTBR animals. Since dendritic structure is critical for information integration and relay, our data suggest that altered development of dendrites could potentially contribute to impaired hippocampal function and behavior observed in the BTBR model, and that this might be related to increased activation of the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cheng
- Developmental Neurosciences Research Program, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Fawaz Alshammari
- O’Brien Centre for the Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hughes
- Developmental Neurosciences Research Program, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maryam Khanbabaei
- Developmental Neurosciences Research Program, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jong M. Rho
- Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, Physiology & Pharmacology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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35
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Hippocampal bone morphogenetic protein signaling mediates behavioral effects of antidepressant treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:910-919. [PMID: 27698430 PMCID: PMC5378681 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many antidepressants stimulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the mechanisms by which they increase neurogenesis and modulate behavior are incompletely understood. Here we show that hippocampal bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is modulated by antidepressant treatment, and that the changes in BMP signaling mediate effects of antidepressant treatment on neural progenitor cell proliferation and behavior. Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine suppressed BMP signaling in the adult mouse hippocampus both by decreasing levels of BMP4 ligand and increasing production of the BMP inhibitor noggin. Increasing BMP signaling in the hippocampus via viral overexpression of BMP4 blocked the effects of fluoxetine on proliferation in the dentate gyrus and on depressive behavior. Conversely, inhibiting BMP signaling via viral overexpression of noggin in the hippocampus or infusion of noggin into the ventricles exerted antidepressant and anxiolytic activity along with an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Similarly, conditional genetic deletion of the type II BMP receptor in Ascl1-expressing cells promoted neurogenesis and reduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, suggesting that neural progenitor cells contribute to the effects of BMP signaling on affective behavior. These observations indicate that BMP signaling in the hippocampus regulates depressive behavior, and that decreasing BMP signaling may be required for the effects of some antidepressants. Thus BMP signaling is a new and powerful potential target for the treatment of depression.
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36
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Basso JC, Suzuki WA. The Effects of Acute Exercise on Mood, Cognition, Neurophysiology, and Neurochemical Pathways: A Review. Brain Plast 2017; 2:127-152. [PMID: 29765853 PMCID: PMC5928534 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-160040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant body of work has investigated the effects of acute exercise, defined as a single bout of physical activity, on mood and cognitive functions in humans. Several excellent recent reviews have summarized these findings; however, the neurobiological basis of these results has received less attention. In this review, we will first briefly summarize the cognitive and behavioral changes that occur with acute exercise in humans. We will then review the results from both human and animal model studies documenting the wide range of neurophysiological and neurochemical alterations that occur after a single bout of exercise. Finally, we will discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and missing elements in the current literature, as well as offer an acute exercise standardization protocol and provide possible goals for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Basso
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy A. Suzuki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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37
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HAP1 Is Required for Endocytosis and Signalling of BDNF and Its Receptors in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1815-1830. [PMID: 28083816 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
When BDNF binds to its receptors, TrkB and p75NTR, the BDNF-receptor complex is endocytosed and trafficked to the cell body for downstream signal transduction, which plays a critical role in neuronal functions. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is involved in trafficking of vesicles intracellularly and also interacts with several membrane proteins including TrkB. Although it has been known that HAP1 has functions in vesicular trafficking and receptor stabilisation, it is not yet established whether HAP1 has a role in BDNF and its receptor endocytosis. In the present study, we found that HAP1 is in an interacting complex with p75NTR, TrkB and BDNF, especially newly endocytosed BDNF. BDNF and TrkB internalisation is abolished in HAP1 knock-out (KO) cortical neurons. TrkB downstream signalling pathways such as ERK, Akt and PLCγ-1 are also impaired in HAP1 KO cortical neurons upon BDNF stimulation. Proliferation of cerebellar granule cells is also impaired in cell culture and cerebellum of HAP1 KO mice. Our findings suggest that HAP1 may play a key role in BDNF and its receptor endocytosis and may promote neuronal survival and proliferation.
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Nishijima T, Kamidozono Y, Ishiizumi A, Amemiya S, Kita I. Negative rebound in hippocampal neurogenesis following exercise cessation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R347-R357. [PMID: 28052868 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00397.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise can improve brain function, but the effects of exercise cessation are largely unknown. This study examined the time-course profile of hippocampal neurogenesis following exercise cessation. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a control (Con) or an exercise cessation (ExC) group. Mice in the ExC group were reared in a cage with a running wheel for 8 wk and subsequently placed in a standard cage to cease the exercise. Exercise resulted in a significant increase in the density of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (at week 0). Following exercise cessation, the density of DCX-positive neurons gradually decreased and was significantly lower than that in the Con group at 5 and 8 wk after cessation, indicating that exercise cessation leads to a negative rebound in hippocampal neurogenesis. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggests that the negative rebound in neurogenesis is caused by diminished cell survival, not by suppression of cell proliferation and neural maturation. Neither elevated expression of ΔFosB, a transcription factor involved in neurogenesis regulation, nor increased plasma corticosterone, were involved in the negative neurogenesis rebound. Importantly, exercise cessation suppressed ambulatory activity, and a significant correlation between change in activity and DCX-positive neuron density suggested that the decrease in activity is involved in neurogenesis impairment. Forced treadmill running following exercise cessation failed to prevent the negative neurogenesis rebound. This study indicates that cessation of exercise or a decrease in physical activity is associated with an increased risk for impaired hippocampal function, which might increase vulnerability to stress-induced mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishijima
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshika Kamidozono
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishiizumi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Amemiya
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Adult Neurogenesis in the Female Mouse Hypothalamus: Estradiol and High-Fat Diet Alter the Generation of Newborn Neurons Expressing Estrogen Receptor α. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0027-16. [PMID: 27679811 PMCID: PMC5032890 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0027-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and leptins act in the hypothalamus to maintain reproduction and energy homeostasis. Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian hypothalamus has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Recently, high-fat diet (HFD) and estradiol (E2) have been shown to alter cell proliferation and the number of newborn leptin-responsive neurons in the hypothalamus of adult female mice. The current study tested the hypothesis that new cells expressing estrogen receptor α (ERα) are generated in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) of the adult female mouse, hypothalamic regions that are critical in energy homeostasis. Adult mice were ovariectomized and implanted with capsules containing E2 or oil. Within each hormone group, mice were fed an HFD or standard chow for 6 weeks and treated with BrdU to label new cells. Newborn cells that respond to estrogens were identified in the ARC and VMH, of which a subpopulation was leptin sensitive, indicating that the subpopulation consists of neurons. Moreover, there was an interaction between diet and hormone with an effect on the number of these newborn ERα-expressing neurons that respond to leptin. Regardless of hormone treatment, HFD increased the number of ERα-expressing cells in the ARC and VMH. E2 decreased hypothalamic fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) gene expression in HFD mice, suggesting a role for Fgf10 in E2 effects on neurogenesis. These findings of newly created estrogen-responsive neurons in the adult brain provide a novel mechanism by which estrogens can act in the hypothalamus to regulate energy homeostasis in females.
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De Jesús-Cortés H, Rajadhyaksha AM, Pieper AA. Cacna1c: Protecting young hippocampal neurons in the adult brain. NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1231160. [PMID: 27900342 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1231160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disease is the leading cause of disability in the United States, and fourth worldwide.1,2 Not surprisingly, human genetic studies have revealed a common genetic predisposition for many forms of neuropsychiatric disease, potentially explaining why overlapping symptoms are commonly observed across multiple diagnostic categories. For example, the CACNA1C gene was recently identified in the largest human genome-wide association study to date as a risk loci held in common across 5 major forms of neuropsychiatric disease: bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.3 This gene encodes for the Cav1.2 subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC), accounting for 85% of LTCCs in the brain, while the Cav1.3 subunit comprises the remainder.4 In neurons, LTCCs mediate calcium influx in response to membrane depolarization,5 thereby regulating neurotransmission and gene expression. Here, we describe our recent finding that Cav1.2 also controls survival of young hippocampal neurons in the adult brain, which has been linked to the etiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disease. We also describe the effective restoration of young hippocampal neuron survival in adult Cav1.2 forebrain-specific conditional knockout mice using the neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor De Jesús-Cortés
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anjali M Rajadhyaksha
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Department of Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Santos LE, Beckman D, Ferreira ST. Microglial dysfunction connects depression and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:151-165. [PMID: 26612494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly prevalent neuropsychiatric conditions with intriguing epidemiological overlaps. Depressed patients are at increased risk of developing late-onset AD, and around one in four AD patients are co-diagnosed with MDD. Microglia are the main cellular effectors of innate immunity in the brain, and their activation is central to neuroinflammation - a ubiquitous process in brain pathology, thought to be a causal factor of both AD and MDD. Microglia serve several physiological functions, including roles in synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, which may be disrupted in neuroinflammation. Following early work on the 'sickness behavior' of humans and other animals, microglia-derived inflammatory cytokines have been shown to produce depressive-like symptoms when administered exogenously or released in response to infection. MDD patients consistently show increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory drugs show promise for treating depression. Activated microglia are abundant in the AD brain, and concentrate around senile plaques, hallmark lesions composed of aggregated amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The Aβ burden in affected brains is regulated largely by microglial clearance, and the complex activation state of microglia may be crucial for AD progression. Intriguingly, recent reports have linked soluble Aβ oligomers, toxins that accumulate in AD brains and are thought to cause memory impairment, to increased brain cytokine production and depressive-like behavior in mice. Here, we review recent findings supporting the inflammatory hypotheses of AD and MDD, focusing on microglia as a common player and therapeutic target linking these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Danielle Beckman
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21944-590, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21944-590, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21944-590, Brazil.
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ERK-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulation by hesperidin in mice exposed to chronic mild stress. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:40-7. [PMID: 27018164 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A previous study found that the antidepressant-like effects of ethanolic extracts from Hemerocallis citrina are predominantly related to the flavonoid, hesperidin. The study herein aimed to explore the antidepressant-like mechanism of hesperidin in mice induced by chronic mild stress (CMS). The results indicated that hesperidin reversed the reduction of sucrose preference and the elevation of immobility time in mice induced by CMS. In addition, the increase in serum corticosterone levels and decrease in hippocampal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in CMS mice were also ameliorated by hesperidin treatment. In contrast, improvement by hesperidin was suppressed by pretreatment with ERK inhibitor SL327. Taken together, our findings confirmed the antidepressant-like effect of hesperidin and indicated that hesperidin-induced BDNF up-regulation was mediated in an ERK-dependent manner.
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Vilar M, Mira H. Regulation of Neurogenesis by Neurotrophins during Adulthood: Expected and Unexpected Roles. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:26. [PMID: 26903794 PMCID: PMC4746328 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the anterolateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus are the two main regions of the adult mammalian brain in which neurogenesis is maintained throughout life. Because alterations in adult neurogenesis appear to be a common hallmark of different neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling adult neurogenesis is a focus of active research. Neurotrophic factors are a family of molecules that play critical roles in the survival and differentiation of neurons during development and in the control of neural plasticity in the adult. Several neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors have been implicated in the regulation of adult neurogenesis at different levels. Here, we review the current understanding of neurotrophin modulation of adult neurogenesis in both the SVZ and SGZ. We compile data supporting a variety of roles for neurotrophins/neurotrophin receptors in different scenarios, including both expected and unexpected functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Vilar
- Neurodegeneration Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
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Hansen KF, Sakamoto K, Aten S, Snider KH, Loeser J, Hesse AM, Page CE, Pelz C, Arthur JSC, Impey S, Obrietan K. Targeted deletion of miR-132/-212 impairs memory and alters the hippocampal transcriptome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:61-71. [PMID: 26773099 PMCID: PMC4749831 DOI: 10.1101/lm.039578.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
miR-132 and miR-212 are structurally related microRNAs that have been found to exert powerful modulatory effects within the central nervous system (CNS). Notably, these microRNAs are tandomly processed from the same noncoding transcript, and share a common seed sequence: thus it has been difficult to assess the distinct contribution of each microRNA to gene expression within the CNS. Here, we employed a combination of conditional knockout and transgenic mouse models to examine the contribution of the miR-132/-212 gene locus to learning and memory, and then to assess the distinct effects that each microRNA has on hippocampal gene expression. Using a conditional deletion approach, we show that miR-132/-212 double-knockout mice exhibit significant cognitive deficits in spatial memory, recognition memory, and in tests of novel object recognition. Next, we utilized transgenic miR-132 and miR-212 overexpression mouse lines and the miR-132/-212 double-knockout line to explore the distinct effects of these two miRNAs on the transcriptional profile of the hippocampus. Illumina sequencing revealed that miR-132/-212 deletion increased the expression of 1138 genes; Venn analysis showed that 96 of these genes were also downregulated in mice overexpressing miR-132. Of the 58 genes that were decreased in animals overexpressing miR-212, only four of them were also increased in the knockout line. Functional gene ontology analysis of downregulated genes revealed significant enrichment of genes related to synaptic transmission, neuronal proliferation, and morphogenesis, processes known for their roles in learning, and memory formation. These data, coupled with previous studies, firmly establish a role for the miR-132/-212 gene locus as a key regulator of cognitive capacity. Further, although miR-132 and miR-212 share a seed sequence, these data indicate that these miRNAs do not exhibit strongly overlapping mRNA targeting profiles, thus indicating that these two genes may function in a complex, nonredundant manner to shape the transcriptional profile of the CNS. The dysregulation of miR-132/-212 expression could contribute to signaling mechanisms that are involved in an array of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin F Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kensuke Sakamoto
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sydney Aten
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kaitlin H Snider
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jacob Loeser
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Andrea M Hesse
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Chloe E Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Soren Impey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Karl Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Bolz L, Heigele S, Bischofberger J. Running Improves Pattern Separation during Novel Object Recognition. Brain Plast 2015; 1:129-141. [PMID: 29765837 PMCID: PMC5928530 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-150010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Running increases adult neurogenesis and improves pattern separation in various memory tasks including context fear conditioning or touch-screen based spatial learning. However, it is unknown whether pattern separation is improved in spontaneous behavior, not emotionally biased by positive or negative reinforcement. Here we investigated the effect of voluntary running on pattern separation during novel object recognition in mice using relatively similar or substantially different objects.We show that running increases hippocampal neurogenesis but does not affect object recognition memory with 1.5 h delay after sample phase. By contrast, at 24 h delay, running significantly improves recognition memory for similar objects, whereas highly different objects can be distinguished by both, running and sedentary mice. These data show that physical exercise improves pattern separation, independent of negative or positive reinforcement. In sedentary mice there is a pronounced temporal gradient for remembering object details. In running mice, however, increased neurogenesis improves hippocampal coding and temporally preserves distinction of novel objects from familiar ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni Bolz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistr, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Heigele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistr, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Bischofberger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistr, Basel, Switzerland
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Hippocampus-dependent spatial memory impairment due to molar tooth loss is ameliorated by an enriched environment. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 61:1-7. [PMID: 26476746 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Teeth are crucial, not only for mastication, but for overall nutrition and general health, including cognitive function. Aged mice with chronic stress due to tooth loss exhibit impaired hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Exposure to an enriched environment restores the reduced hippocampal function. Here, we explored the effects of an enriched environment on learning deficits and hippocampal morphologic changes in aged senescence-accelerated mouse strain P8 (SAMP8) mice with tooth loss. DESIGN Eight-month-old male aged SAMP8 mice with molar intact or with molars removed were housed in either a standard environment or enriched environment for 3 weeks. The Morris water maze was performed for spatial memory test. The newborn cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the hippocampus were analyzed using 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemical method. The hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were also measured. RESULTS Mice with upper molars removed (molarless) exhibited a significant decline in the proliferation and survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) as well as in hippocampal BDNF levels. In addition, neuronal differentiation of newly generated cells was suppressed and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory was impaired. Exposure of molarless mice to an enriched environment attenuated the reductions in the hippocampal BDNF levels and neuronal differentiation, and partially improved the proliferation and survival of newborn cells, as well as the spatial memory ability. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that an enriched environment could ameliorate the hippocampus-dependent spatial memory impairment induced by molar tooth loss.
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Rojczyk E, Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz R. Effects of neuroleptics administration on adult neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1208-14. [PMID: 26481544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among many factors influencing adult neurogenesis, pharmacological modulation has been broadly studied. It is proven that neuroleptics positively affect new neuron formation in canonical neurogenic sites - subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Latest findings suggest that adult neurogenesis also occurs in several additional regions like the hypothalamus, amygdala, neocortex and striatum. As the hypothalamus is considered an important target of neuroleptics, a hypothesis can be made that these substances are able to modulate local neural proliferation. METHODS Experiments were performed on adult male rats injected for 28 days or 1 day by three neuroleptics: olanzapine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine expression of proliferation marker (Ki-67) and the marker of neuroblasts - doublecortin (DCX) - which may inform about drug influence on adult neurogenesis at the level of the hypothalamus. RESULTS It was shown that a single injection of antipsychotics causes significant decrease in hypothalamic DCX expression, but after chronic treatment with chlorpromazine, but not olanzapine, there is an increase in the number of newly formed neuroblasts. Haloperidol has the opposite effect - its long-term administration decreases the number of DCX-positive cells. Cell proliferation levels (Ki-67 expression) increase after long-term drug administration, whereas their single doses do not have any modulatory effect on proliferation potential. CONCLUSIONS Our results throw a new light on the neuroleptics mechanism of action. They also support the potential role of antipsychotics as a factor that can modulate hypothalamic neurogenesis with putative clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Nam SM, Kim JW, Yoo DY, Yim HS, Kim DW, Choi JH, Kim W, Jung HY, Won MH, Hwang IK, Seong JK, Yoon YS. Physical exercise ameliorates the reduction of neural stem cell, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in senescent mice induced by D-galactose. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:116. [PMID: 25359614 PMCID: PMC4219098 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-014-0116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and exercise attenuates the age-related reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In the present study, we used senescent mice induced by D-galactose to examine neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuronal differentiation with or without exercise treatment. D-galactose (100 mg/kg) was injected to six-week-old C57BL/6 J mice for 6 weeks to induce the senescent model. During these periods, the animals were placed on a treadmill and acclimated to exercise for 1 week. Then treadmill running was conducted for 1 h/day for 5 consecutive days at 10-12 m/min for 5 weeks. Results Body weight and food intake did not change significantly after D-galactose administration with/without treadmill exercise, although body weight and food intake was highest after treadmill exercise in adult animals and lowest after treadmill exercise in D-galactose-induced senescent model animals. D-galactose treatment significantly decreased the number of nestin (a neural stem cell marker), Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker), and doublecortin (DCX, a differentiating neuroblast marker) positive cells compared to those in the control group. In contrast, treadmill exercise significantly increased Ki67- and DCX-positive cell numbers in both the vehicle- and D-galactose treated groups. In addition, phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly decreased in the D-galactose treated group, whereas exercise increased their expression in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in both the vehicle- and D-galactose-treated groups. Conclusion These results suggest that treadmill exercise attenuates the D-galactose-induced reduction in neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuronal differentiation by enhancing the expression of pCREB and BDNF in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-014-0116-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Hee Sun Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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Mo C, Pang TY, Ransome MI, Hill RA, Renoir T, Hannan AJ. High stress hormone levels accelerate the onset of memory deficits in male Huntington's disease mice. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 69:248-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Domingos da Silveira da Luz AC, Pereira Dias G, do Nascimento Bevilaqua MC, Cocks G, Gardino PF, Thuret S, Nardi AE. Translational findings on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and anxiety: contributions from basic research to clinical practice. Neuropsychobiology 2014; 68:129-38. [PMID: 24051499 DOI: 10.1159/000353269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Anxious responses are evolutionarily adaptive, but excessive fear can become disabling and lead to anxiety disorders. Translational models of anxiety might be useful sources for understanding the neurobiology of fear and anxiety and can contribute to future proposals of therapeutic intervention for the disorders studied. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is known for its importance on neuroplasticity and contextual memory, has emerged as a relevant element for emotional memory. Recent studies show that the Val(66)Met BDNF polymorphism correlates with various psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, but there are several differences between experimental and clinical studies. METHODS In this work, we review the literature focused on the BDNF Val(66)Met polymorphism and anxiety, and discuss biological findings from animal models to clinical studies. RESULTS As occurs with other psychiatric disorders, anxiety correlates with anatomical, behavioral and physiological changes related to the BDNF polymorphism. In animal studies, it has been shown that a significant decrease in regulated secretion from both BDNFVal/Met and BDNFMet/Met neurons represented a significant decrease in available BDNF. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that developing pharmacological strategies facilitating the release of BDNF from synapses or prolongation of the half-life of secreted BDNF may improve the therapeutic responses of humans expressing the BDNF polymorphism.
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