1
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Liu JQ, Zhou HB, Bai WF, Wang J, Li Q, Fan LY, Chang H, Shi SL. Assessment of progression of pulmonary fibrosis based on metabonomics and analysis of intestinal microbiota. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:201-217. [PMID: 38488151 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2326616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to explore the changes of biomarkers in different developmental stages of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats via comprehensive pathophysiology, UPLC-QTOF/MS metabonomic technology, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of intestinal microbiota. The rats were randomly divided into normal control and 1-, 2- and 4-week model group. The rat model of PF was established by one-time intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. The levels of inflammatory and fibrosis-related factors such as hydroxyproline (HYP), type III procollagen (COL-III), type IV collagen (COL-IV), hyaluronidase (HA), laminin (LN), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased as the PF cycle progressed. In the 1-, 2- and 4-week model group, 2, 19 and 18 potential metabolic biomarkers and 3, 16 and 12 potential microbial biomarkers were detected, respectively, which were significantly correlated. Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was observed to be an important pathway affecting PF at 1, 2 and 4 weeks; arginine and proline metabolism pathways significantly affected PF at 2 weeks. Linoleic acid metabolism pathway exhibited clear metabolic abnormalities at 2 and 4 weeks of PF, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway significantly affected PF at 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
| | - Hong-Bing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
| | - Wan-Fu Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
| | - Li-Ya Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
| | - Song-Li Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, PR China
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2
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Madsen SF, Sinkeviciute D, Thudium CS, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC. The fibroid phenotype of biological naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis are less likely to respond to anti-IL-6R treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10751. [PMID: 38730088 PMCID: PMC11087519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type III collagen gene expression is upregulated in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presenting the fibroid phenotype. The soluble type III collagen formation biomarker, PRO-C3, is known to measure fibrogenesis in fibrotic diseases. In this exploratory study, we aimed to investigate the association between fibrogenesis (PRO-C3) and the disease- and treatment response in patients with RA. We measured PRO-C3 in subsets of two clinical trials assessing the effect of the anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor treatment tocilizumab (TCZ) as monotherapy or polytherapy with methotrexate. PRO-C3 levels had weak or very weak correlations with the clinical parameters (Spearman's). However, when the patients were divided into Disease Activity Score-28 groups characterized by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), there was a statistical difference between the PRO-C3 levels of the different groups (p < 0.05). To determine the response in relation to PRO-C3, a cut-off based on PRO-C3 levels and patients in remission (DAS28-ESR ≤ 2.6) was identified. This showed that a reduction in PRO-C3 after treatment initiation was associated with decreased DAS28-ESR and a higher response rate in patients with low PRO-C3 levels than in those with high PRO-C3 levels. This indicates that a fibrotic component affects the responsiveness of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Falkenløve Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Dovile Sinkeviciute
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian S Thudium
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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3
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Henriksen K, Genovese F, Reese-Petersen A, Audoly LP, Sun K, Karsdal MA, Scherer PE. Endotrophin, a Key Marker and Driver for Fibroinflammatory Disease. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:361-378. [PMID: 38091968 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Our overview covers several key areas related to recent results obtained for collagen type VI and endotrophin (ETP). (1) An introduction to the history of ETP, including how it was identified, how it is released, and its function and potential receptors. (2) An introduction to the collagen family, with a focus on what differentiates collagen type VI from an evolutionary standpoint. (3) An overview of collagen type VI, the 6 individual chains (COL6A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6), their differences and similarities, as well as their expression profiles and function. (4) A detailed analysis of COL6A3, including the cleaved product endotrophin, and what separates it from the other 5 collagen 6 molecules, including its suggested function based on insights gained from knockout and gain of function mouse models. (5) The pathology of ETP. What leads to its presence and release and what are the consequences thereof? (6) Functional implications of circulating ETP. Here we review the data with the functional roles of ETP in mind. (7) We propose that ETP is a mediator for fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. Based on what we know about ETP, we have to consider it as a target for the treatment of fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. What segment(s) of the patient population would most dramatically respond to an ETP-targeted intervention? How can we find the population that would profit most from an intervention? We aim to present a broad overview over the ETP field at large, providing an assessment of where the future research efforts need to be placed to tap into the vast potential of ETP, both as a marker and as a target in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Henriksen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Federica Genovese
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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4
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Mousa AM, Nooman MU, Abbas SS, Gebril SM, Abdelraof M, Al-Kashef AS. Protective effects of microbial biosurfactants produced by Bacillus halotolerans and Candida parapsilosis on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice: Impact of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties via TGF-β1/Smad-3 pathway and miRNA-326. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116939. [PMID: 38643951 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible disease which considered the most fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary toxicity including IPF is the most severe adverse effect of bleomycin, the chemotherapeutic agent. Based on the fact that, exogenous surfactants could induce alveolar stabilization in many lung diseases, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of low cost biosurfactants, surfactin (SUR) and sophorolipids (SLs), against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice due to their antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Surfactin and sophorolipids were produced by microbial conversion of frying oil and potato peel wastes using Bacillus halotolerans and Candida parapsilosis respectively. These biosurfactants were identified by FTIR, 1H NMR, and LC-MS/MS spectra. C57BL/6 mice were administered the produced biosurfactants daily at oral dose of 200 mg kg-1 one day after the first bleomycin dose (35 U/kg). We evaluated four study groups: Control, Bleomycin, Bleomycin+SUR, Bleomycin+SLs. After 30 days, lungs from each mouse were sampled for oxidative stress, ELISA, Western blot, histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses. Our results showed that the produced SUR and SLs reduced pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the lungs of bleomycin induced mice as they suppressed SOD, CAT, and GST activities also reduced NF-κβ, TNF-α, and CD68 levels. Furthermore, biosurfactants suppressed the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, and p-JNK fibrotic signaling pathway in pulmonary tissues. Histologically, SUR and SLs protected against lung ECM deposition caused by bleomycin administration. Biosurfactants produced from microbial sources can inhibit the induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amria M Mousa
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed U Nooman
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Gebril
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amr S Al-Kashef
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Egypt.
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5
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Bartold K, Iskierko Z, Sharma PS, Lin HY, Kutner W. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): Diagnostic routes using novel biomarkers. Biomed J 2024:100729. [PMID: 38657859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis is still the diagnosis of exclusion. Differentiating from other forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is essential, given the various therapeutic approaches. The IPF course is now unpredictable for individual patients, although some genetic factors and several biomarkers have already been associated with various IPF prognoses. Since its early stages, IPF may be asymptomatic, leading to a delayed diagnosis. The present review critically examines the recent literature on molecular biomarkers potentially useful in IPF diagnostics. The examined biomarkers are grouped into breath and sputum biomarkers, serologically assessed extracellular matrix neoepitope markers, and oxidative stress biomarkers in lung tissue. Fibroblasts and complete blood count have also gained recent interest in that respect. Although several biomarker candidates have been profiled, there has yet to be a single biomarker that proved specific to the IPF disease. Nevertheless, various IPF biomarkers have been used in preclinical and clinical trials to verify their predictive and monitoring potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bartold
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Iskierko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Burgess JK, Weiss DJ, Westergren-Thorsson G, Wigen J, Dean CH, Mumby S, Bush A, Adcock IM. Extracellular Matrix as a Driver of Chronic Lung Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:239-246. [PMID: 38190723 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0176ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not just a three-dimensional scaffold that provides stable support for all cells in the lungs, but also an important component of chronic fibrotic airway, vascular, and interstitial diseases. It is a bioactive entity that is dynamically modulated during tissue homeostasis and disease, that controls structural and immune cell functions and drug responses, and that can release fragments that have biological activity and that can be used to monitor disease activity. There is a growing recognition of the importance of considering ECM changes in chronic airway, vascular, and interstitial diseases, including 1) compositional changes, 2) structural and organizational changes, and 3) mechanical changes and how these affect disease pathogenesis. As altered ECM biology is an important component of many lung diseases, disease models must incorporate this factor to fully recapitulate disease-driver pathways and to study potential novel therapeutic interventions. Although novel models are evolving that capture some or all of the elements of the altered ECM microenvironment in lung diseases, opportunities exist to more fully understand cell-ECM interactions that will help devise future therapeutic targets to restore function in chronic lung diseases. In this perspective article, we review evolving knowledge about the ECM's role in homeostasis and disease in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, and
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Jenny Wigen
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
- Centre for Pediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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7
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Raghu G, Ghazipura M, Fleming TR, Aronson KI, Behr J, Brown KK, Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA, Maher TM, Richeldi L, Lasky JA, Swigris JJ, Busch R, Garrard L, Ahn DH, Li J, Puthawala K, Rodal G, Seymour S, Weir N, Danoff SK, Ettinger N, Goldin J, Glassberg MK, Kawano-Dourado L, Khalil N, Lancaster L, Lynch DA, Mageto Y, Noth I, Shore JE, Wijsenbeek M, Brown R, Grogan D, Ivey D, Golinska P, Karimi-Shah B, Martinez FJ. Meaningful Endpoints for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Clinical Trials: Emphasis on 'Feels, Functions, Survives'. Report of a Collaborative Discussion in a Symposium with Direct Engagement from Representatives of Patients, Investigators, the National Institutes of Health, a Patient Advocacy Organization, and a Regulatory Agency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:647-669. [PMID: 38174955 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202312-2213so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) carries significant mortality and unpredictable progression, with limited therapeutic options. Designing trials with patient-meaningful endpoints, enhancing the reliability and interpretability of results, and streamlining the regulatory approval process are of critical importance to advancing clinical care in IPF. Methods: A landmark in-person symposium in June 2023 assembled 43 participants from the US and internationally, including patients with IPF, investigators, and regulatory representatives, to discuss the immediate future of IPF clinical trial endpoints. Patient advocates were central to discussions, which evaluated endpoints according to regulatory standards and the FDA's 'feels, functions, survives' criteria. Results: Three themes emerged: 1) consensus on endpoints mirroring the lived experiences of patients with IPF; 2) consideration of replacing forced vital capacity (FVC) as the primary endpoint, potentially by composite endpoints that include 'feels, functions, survives' measures or FVC as components; 3) support for simplified, user-friendly patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as either components of primary composite endpoints or key secondary endpoints, supplemented by functional tests as secondary endpoints and novel biomarkers as supportive measures (FDA Guidance for Industry (Multiple Endpoints in Clinical Trials) available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/162416/download). Conclusions: This report, detailing the proceedings of this pivotal symposium, suggests a potential turning point in designing future IPF clinical trials more attuned to outcomes meaningful to patients, and documents the collective agreement across multidisciplinary stakeholders on the importance of anchoring IPF trial endpoints on real patient experiences-namely, how they feel, function, and survive. There is considerable optimism that clinical care in IPF will progress through trials focused on patient-centric insights, ultimately guiding transformative treatment strategies to enhance patients' quality of life and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Raghu
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Marya Ghazipura
- ZS Associates, Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, New York, New York
- Division of Epidemiology and
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Thomas R Fleming
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kerri I Aronson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kevin R Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ella A Kazerooni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Toby M Maher
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Divisione di Medicina Polmonare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Robert Busch
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care, Office of Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Lili Garrard
- Division of Biometrics III, Office of Biostatistics, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, and
| | - Dong-Hyun Ahn
- Division of Biometrics III, Office of Biostatistics, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, and
| | - Ji Li
- Division of Clinical Outcome Assessment, Office of Drug Evaluation Sciences, Office of New Drugs, and
| | - Khalid Puthawala
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care, Office of Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Gabriela Rodal
- Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sally Seymour
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care, Office of Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Nargues Weir
- Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sonye K Danoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neil Ettinger
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, Missouri
| | - Jonathan Goldin
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leticia Kawano-Dourado
- Hcor Research Institute - Hcor Hospital, São Paolo, Brazil
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nasreen Khalil
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Lancaster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Yolanda Mageto
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas
| | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Marlies Wijsenbeek
- Centre of Interstitial Lung Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Brown
- Patient representative and patient living with IPF, Lovettsville, Virginia
| | - Daniel Grogan
- Patient representative and patient living with IPF, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Dorothy Ivey
- Patient representative and patient living with IPF, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Patrycja Golinska
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Banu Karimi-Shah
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care, Office of Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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8
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Genovese F, Gonçalves I, Holm Nielsen S, Karsdal MA, Edsfeldt A, Nilsson J, Shore AC, Natali A, Khan F, Shami A. Plasma levels of PRO-C3, a type III collagen synthesis marker, are associated with arterial stiffness and increased risk of cardiovascular death. Atherosclerosis 2024; 388:117420. [PMID: 38128431 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (PRO-C3) assay measures a pro-peptide released during type III collagen synthesis, an important feature of arterial stiffening and atherogenesis. There is a clinical need for improved non-invasive, cheap and easily accessible methods for evaluating individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we investigate the potential of using circulating levels of PRO-C3 to mark the degree of vascular stenosis and risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS Baseline plasma levels of PRO-C3 were measured by ELISA in subjects belonging to the SUrrogate markers for Micro- and Macro-vascular hard endpoints for Innovative diabetes Tools (SUMMIT) cohort (N = 1354). Associations between PRO-C3 levels with vascular characteristics, namely stiffness and stenosis, and risk of future cardiovascular events were explored. Subjects were followed up after a median of 35 months (interquartile range 34-36 months), with recorded outcomes cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality. RESULTS We found a correlation between PRO-C3 levels and pulse wave velocity (rho 0.13, p = 0.000009), a measurement of arterial stiffness. Higher PRO-C3 levels were also associated with elevated blood pressure (rho 0.07, p = 0.014), as well as risk of cardiovascular mortality over a three-year follow-up period (OR 1.56, confidence interval 1.008-2.43, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating PRO-C3 levels are associated with arterial stiffness and future cardiovascular death, in the SUMMIT cohort, suggesting a potential value of PRO-C3 as a novel marker for declining vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden; Dept. of Cardiology, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells Gata 9, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Signe Holm Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Pl. 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden; Dept. of Cardiology, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Carl-Bertil Laurells Gata 9, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter, Medical School, National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 8, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Annelie Shami
- Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
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9
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Okamoto M, Fujimoto K, Johkoh T, Kawaguchi A, Mukae H, Sakamoto N, Ogura T, Ikeda S, Kondoh Y, Yamano Y, Komiya K, Umeki K, Nishikiori H, Tanino Y, Tsuda T, Arai N, Komatsu M, Sakamoto S, Yatera K, Inoue Y, Miyazaki Y, Hashimoto S, Shimizu Y, Hozumi H, Ohnishi H, Handa T, Hattori N, Kishaba T, Kato M, Inomata M, Ishii H, Hamada N, Konno S, Zaizen Y, Azuma A, Suda T, Izuhara K, Hoshino T. A prospective cohort study of periostin as a serum biomarker in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with nintedanib. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22977. [PMID: 38151520 PMCID: PMC10752870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the utility of periostin, a matricellular protein, as a prognostic biomarker in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who received nintedanib. Monomeric and total periostin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 87 eligible patients who participated in a multicenter prospective study. Forty-three antifibrotic drug-naive patients with IPF described in previous studies were set as historical controls. Monomeric and total periostin levels were not significantly associated with the change in forced vital capacity (FVC) or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) during any follow-up period. Higher monomeric and total periostin levels were independent risk factors for overall survival in the Cox proportional hazard model. In the analysis of nintedanib effectiveness, higher binarized monomeric periostin levels were associated with more favorable suppressive effects on decreased vital capacity (VC) and DLCO in the treatment group compared with historical controls. Higher binarized levels of total periostin were associated with more favorable suppressive effects on decreased DLCO but not VC. In conclusion, higher periostin levels were independently associated with survival and better therapeutic effectiveness in patients with IPF treated with nintedanib. Periostin assessments may contribute to determining therapeutic strategies for patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okamoto
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
- Department of Respirology, NHO Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0065, Japan.
| | - Kiminori Fujimoto
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Johkoh
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Inabasou 3-1-69, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-0064, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ku, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ku, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake, Seto, Aichi, 489-0065, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake, Seto, Aichi, 489-0065, Japan
| | - Kosaku Komiya
- Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kenji Umeki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tenshindo Hetsugi Hospital, 5956 Nakahetsugi, Oita, 879-7761, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishikiori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1-West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Toru Tsuda
- Kirigaoka Tsuda Hospital, 3-9-20 Kirigaoka, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 802-0052, Japan
| | - Naoki Arai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Ibarakihigashi National Hospital, 825 Terunuma, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1113, Japan
| | - Masamichi Komatsu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Seishu Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishima-cho, Tenri, Nara, 632-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shimizu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoo Kishaba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, 281 Miyazato, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2293, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Minoru Inomata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, 1-1-1 Zokumyouin, Chikushino, Fukuoka, 818-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Hamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Zaizen
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Arata Azuma
- Respirology and Clinical Research Center, Mihara General Hospital and Nippon Medical School, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0045, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
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10
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Hansen AH, Mortensen JH, Rønnow SR, Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, Sand JMB. A Serological Neoepitope Biomarker of Neutrophil Elastase-Degraded Calprotectin, Associated with Neutrophil Activity, Identifies Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease More Effectively Than Total Calprotectin. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7589. [PMID: 38137658 PMCID: PMC10743791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil activation can release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in acute inflammation. NETs result in the release of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and calprotectin, where the former can degrade the latter and generate protein fragments associated with neutrophil activity. We investigated this in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using the novel neoepitope biomarker CPa9-HNE, quantifying a specific HNE-mediated fragment of calprotectin in serum. CPa9-HNE was compared to total calprotectin. Initially, CPa9-HNE was measured in healthy (n = 39), COPD (n = 67), and IPF (n = 16) serum using a neoepitope-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, a head-to-head comparison of CPa9-HNE and total calprotectin, a non-neoepitope, was conducted in healthy (n = 19), COPD (n = 25), and IPF (n = 19) participants. CPa9-HNE levels were significantly increased in COPD (p < 0.0001) and IPF subjects (p = 0.0001) when compared to healthy participants. Additionally, CPa9-HNE distinguished IPF (p < 0.0001) and COPD (p < 0.0001) from healthy participants more effectively than total calprotectin for IPF (p = 0.0051) and COPD (p = 0.0069). Here, CPa9-HNE also distinguished IPF from COPD (p = 0.045) participants, which was not observed for total calprotectin (p = 0.98). Neutrophil activity was significantly higher, as assessed via serum CPa9-HNE, for COPD and IPF compared to healthy participants. Additionally, CPa9-HNE exceeded the ability of non-neoepitope calprotectin serum measurements to separate healthy from lung disease and even COPD from IPF participants, indicating that neutrophil activity is essential for both COPD and IPF.
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11
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Selvarajah B, Platé M, Chambers RC. Pulmonary fibrosis: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101227. [PMID: 38000335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the concluding pathological outcome and major cause of morbidity and mortality in a number of common chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated and metabolic diseases. The progressive deposition of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) represents the cornerstone of the fibrotic response and culminates in organ failure and premature death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most rapidly progressive and lethal of all fibrotic diseases with a dismal median survival of 3.5 years from diagnosis. Although the approval of the antifibrotic agents, pirfenidone and nintedanib, for the treatment of IPF signalled a watershed moment for the development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics, these agents slow but do not halt disease progression or improve quality of life. There therefore remains a pressing need for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review emerging therapeutic strategies for IPF as well as the pre-clinical and translational approaches that will underpin a greater understanding of the key pathomechanisms involved in order to transform the way we diagnose and treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brintha Selvarajah
- Oncogenes and Tumour Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Manuela Platé
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (UCL Respiratory), Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (UCL Respiratory), Division of Medicine, University College London, UK.
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12
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Lambi AG, Harris MY, Amin M, Joiner PG, Hilliard BA, Assari S, Popoff SN, Barbe MF. Blocking CCN2 Reduces Established Bone Loss Induced by Prolonged Intense Loading by Increasing Osteoblast Activity in Rats. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10783. [PMID: 37701153 PMCID: PMC10494513 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have an operant model of reaching and grasping in which detrimental bone remodeling is observed rather than beneficial adaptation when rats perform a high-repetition, high-force (HRHF) task long term. Here, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats performed an intense HRHF task for 18 weeks, which we have shown induces radial trabecular bone osteopenia. One cohort was euthanized at this point (to assay the bone changes post task; HRHF-Untreated). Two other cohorts were placed on 6 weeks of rest while being simultaneously treated with either an anti-CCN2 (FG-3019, 40 mg/kg body weight, ip; twice per week; HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2), or a control IgG (HRHF-Rest/IgG), with the purpose of determining which might improve the trabecular bone decline. Results were compared with food-restricted control rats (FRC). MicroCT analysis of distal metaphysis of radii showed decreased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and thickness in HRHF-Untreated rats compared with FRCs; responses improved with HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2. Rest/IgG also improved trabecular thickness but not BV/TV. Histomorphometry showed that rest with either treatment improved osteoid volume and task-induced increases in osteoclasts. Only the HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2 treatment improved osteoblast numbers, osteoid width, mineralization, and bone formation rate compared with HRHF-Untreated rats (as well as the latter three attributes compared with HRHF-Rest/IgG rats). Serum ELISA results were in support, showing increased osteocalcin and decreased CTX-1 in HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2 rats compared with both HRHF-Untreated and HRHF-Rest/IgG rats. These results are highly encouraging for use of anti-CCN2 for therapeutic treatment of bone loss, such as that induced by chronic overuse. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Lambi
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Michele Y Harris
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Mamta Amin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Patrice G Joiner
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Brendan A Hilliard
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Steven N Popoff
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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13
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Flies DB, Langermann S, Jensen C, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. Regulation of tumor immunity and immunotherapy by the tumor collagen extracellular matrix. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199513. [PMID: 37662958 PMCID: PMC10470046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for decades that the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) is dysfunctional leading to loss of tissue architecture and promotion of tumor growth. The altered ECM and tumor fibrogenesis leads to tissue stiffness that act as a physical barrier to immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME). It is becoming increasingly clear that the ECM plays important roles in tumor immune responses. A growing body of data now indicates that ECM components also play a more active role in immune regulation when dysregulated ECM components act as ligands to interact with receptors on immune cells to inhibit immune cell subpopulations in the TME. In addition, immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors that are approved to treat cancer are often hindered by ECM changes. In this review we highlight the ways by which ECM alterations affect and regulate immunity in cancer. More specifically, how collagens and major ECM components, suppress immunity in the complex TME. Finally, we will review how our increased understanding of immune and immunotherapy regulation by the ECM is leading towards novel disruptive strategies to overcome immune suppression.
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14
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He X, Jarrell ZR, Smith MR, Ly VT, Hu X, Sueblinvong V, Liang Y, Orr M, Go YM, Jones DP. Low-dose vanadium pentoxide perturbed lung metabolism associated with inflammation and fibrosis signaling in male animal and in vitro models. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L215-L232. [PMID: 37310758 PMCID: PMC10396228 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00303.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is available as a dietary supplement and also is known to be toxic if inhaled, yet little information is available concerning the effects of vanadium on mammalian metabolism when concentrations found in food and water. Vanadium pentoxide (V+5) is representative of the most common dietary and environmental exposures, and prior research shows that low-dose V+5 exposure causes oxidative stress measured by glutathione oxidation and protein S-glutathionylation. We examined the metabolic impact of V+5 at relevant dietary and environmental doses (0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm for 24 h) in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and male C57BL/6J mice (0.02, 0.2, and 2 ppm in drinking water for 7 mo). Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) showed that V+5 induced significant metabolic perturbations in both HLF cells and mouse lungs. We noted 30% of the significantly altered pathways in HLF cells, including pyrimidines and aminosugars, fatty acids, mitochondrial and redox pathways, showed similar dose-dependent patterns in mouse lung tissues. Alterations in lipid metabolism included leukotrienes and prostaglandins involved in inflammatory signaling, which have been associated with the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other disease processes. Elevated hydroxyproline levels and excessive collagen deposition were also present in lungs from V+5-treated mice. Taken together, these results show that oxidative stress from environmental V+5, ingested at low levels, could alter metabolism to contribute to common human lung diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used relevant dietary and environmental doses of Vanadium pentoxide (V+5) to examine its metabolic impact in vitro and in vivo. Using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), we found significant metabolic perturbations, with similar dose-dependent patterns observed in human lung fibroblasts and male mouse lungs. Alterations in lipid metabolism included inflammatory signaling, elevated hydroxyproline levels, and excessive collagen deposition were present in V+5-treated lungs. Our findings suggest that low levels of V+5 could trigger pulmonary fibrotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zachery R Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - ViLinh Thi Ly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Viranuj Sueblinvong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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15
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Byrnes D, Masterson C, Brady J, Horie S, McCarthy SD, Gonzalez H, O’Toole D, Laffey J. Delayed MSC therapy enhances resolution of organized pneumonia induced by antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1132749. [PMID: 37469663 PMCID: PMC10352103 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1132749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising therapeutic for pneumonia-induced sepsis. Here we sought to determine the efficacy of delayed administration of naïve and activated bone marrow (BM), adipose (AD), and umbilical cord (UC) derived MSCs in organized antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumosepsis. Methods Human BM-, AD-, and UC-MSCs were isolated and expanded and used either in the naïve state or following cytokine pre-activation. The effect of MSC tissue source and activation status was assessed first in vitro. Subsequent experiments assessed therapeutic potential as a delayed therapy at 48 h post infection of rodents with Klebsiella pneumoniae, with efficacy assessed at 120 h. Results BM-, AD-, and UC-MSCs accelerated epithelial healing, increased phagocytosis, and reduced ROS-induced epithelial injury in vitro, with AD-MSCs less effective, and naïve MSCs more effective than pre-activated MSCs. Delayed MSC administration in pre-clinical organized Klebsiella pneumosepsis had no effect on physiologic indices, but enhanced resolution of structural lung injury. Delayed therapy with pre-activated MSCs reduced mRNA concentrations of fibrotic factors. Naïve MSC treatment reduced key circulating cell proportions and increased bacterial killing capacity in the lungs whereas pre-activated MSCs enhanced the phagocytic index of pulmonary white cells. Discussion Delayed MSC therapy enhanced resolution of lung injury induced by antibiotic resistant Klebsiella infection and favorably modulated immune cell profile. Overall, AD-MSCs were less effective than either UC- or BM-MSCs, while naïve MSCs had a more favorable effect profile compared to pre-activated MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Byrnes
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Masterson
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jack Brady
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shahd Horie
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean D. McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hector Gonzalez
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel O’Toole
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Laffey
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia, Galway University Hospitals, SAOLTA University Hospital Group, Galway, Ireland
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16
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Park MY, Bae S, Heo JA, Park M, Kim Y, Han J, Jang I, Yu K, Oh J. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of bersiporocin, a novel prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, in healthy subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1163-1176. [PMID: 37095713 PMCID: PMC10339703 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bersiporocin, a novel first-in-class prolyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS) inhibitor currently under clinical development, was shown to exert an antifibrotic effect through the downregulation of collagen synthesis in various pulmonary fibrosis models. The aim of this first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose, dose-escalation study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of bersiporocin in healthy adults. A total of 40 and 32 subjects were included in a single- (SAD) and multiple-ascending dose (MAD) study, respectively. No severe or serious adverse events were observed after a single oral dose up to 600 mg and multiple oral doses up to 200 mg twice daily for 14 days. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal adverse events. To improve the tolerability, initial bersiporocin solution was changed to the enteric-coated formulation. Afterward, the enteric-coated tablet was used in the last cohort of SAD and in the MAD study. Bersiporocin showed dose-proportional PK characteristics after a single dose up to 600 mg and multiple doses up to 200 mg. Upon reviewing the safety and PK data, the final SAD cohort (800 mg enteric-coated tablet) was canceled by the Safety Review Committee. The levels of pro-peptide of type 3 procollagen were lower after treatment with bersiporocin than after the placebo in the MAD study, whereas no significant change was observed in other idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) biomarkers. In conclusion, the safety, PK, and PD profile of bersiporocin supported its further investigation in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sungyeun Bae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Jung A Heo
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdSeoulKorea
| | - Mihee Park
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdSeoulKorea
| | | | - Jumi Han
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., LtdSeoulKorea
| | - In‐Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Kyung‐Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
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Madsen SF, Sand JMB, Juhl P, Karsdal M, Thudium CS, Siebuhr AS, Bay-Jensen AC. Fibroblasts are not just fibroblasts: clear differences between dermal and pulmonary fibroblasts' response to fibrotic growth factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9411. [PMID: 37296166 PMCID: PMC10256773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) hallmark is skin fibrosis, but up to 80% of the patients have fibrotic involvement in the pulmonary system. Antifibrotic drugs which have failed in a general SSc population have now been approved in patients with SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). This indicates that the fibrotic progression and regulation of fibroblasts likely depend on local factors specific to the tissue type. This study investigated the difference between dermal and pulmonary fibroblasts in a fibrotic setting, mimicking the extracellular matrix. Primary healthy fibroblasts were grown in a crowded environment and stimulated with TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB. The viability, morphology, migration capacity, extracellular matrix formation, and gene expression were assessed: TGF-β1 only increased the viability in the dermal fibroblasts. PDGF-AB increased the migration capacity of dermal fibroblasts while the pulmonary fibroblasts fully migrated. The morphology of the fibroblasts was different without stimulation. TGF-β1 increased the formation of type III collagen in pulmonary fibroblasts, while PDGF-AB increased it in dermal fibroblasts. The gene expression trend of type VI collagen was the opposite after PDGF-AB stimulation. The fibroblasts exhibit different response profiles to TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB; this suggests that drivers of fibrosis are tissue-dependent, which needs to be considered in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Falkenløve Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Immunoscience, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.
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18
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Kraven LM, Taylor AR, Molyneaux PL, Maher TM, McDonough JE, Mura M, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Huang Y, Noth I, Ma SF, Yeo AJ, Fahy WA, Jenkins RG, Wain LV. Cluster analysis of transcriptomic datasets to identify endotypes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2023; 78:551-558. [PMID: 35534152 PMCID: PMC9643664 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable clinical heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) suggests the existence of multiple disease endotypes. Identifying these endotypes would improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and could allow for a biomarker-driven personalised medicine approach. We aimed to identify clinically distinct groups of patients with IPF that could represent distinct disease endotypes. METHODS We co-normalised, pooled and clustered three publicly available blood transcriptomic datasets (total 220 IPF cases). We compared clinical traits across clusters and used gene enrichment analysis to identify biological pathways and processes that were over-represented among the genes that were differentially expressed across clusters. A gene-based classifier was developed and validated using three additional independent datasets (total 194 IPF cases). FINDINGS We identified three clusters of patients with IPF with statistically significant differences in lung function (p=0.009) and mortality (p=0.009) between groups. Gene enrichment analysis implicated mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis, cell cycle and innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis underlying these groups. We developed and validated a 13-gene cluster classifier that predicted mortality in IPF (high-risk clusters vs low-risk cluster: HR 4.25, 95% CI 2.14 to 8.46, p=3.7×10-5). INTERPRETATION We have identified blood gene expression signatures capable of discerning groups of patients with IPF with significant differences in survival. These clusters could be representative of distinct pathophysiological states, which would support the theory of multiple endotypes of IPF. Although more work must be done to confirm the existence of these endotypes, our classifier could be a useful tool in patient stratification and outcome prediction in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Kraven
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Adam R Taylor
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John E McDonough
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marco Mura
- Division of Respirology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shwu Fan Ma
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Astrid J Yeo
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - R Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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19
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Ofori M, Danquah CA, Asante J, Ativui S, Doe P, Abdul-Nasir Taribabu A, Nugbemado IN, Mensah AN. Betulin and Crinum asiaticum L. bulbs extract attenuate pulmonary fibrosis by down regulating pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines in bleomycin-induced fibrosis mice model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16914. [PMID: 37346329 PMCID: PMC10279834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lung disease characterized by scaring of lung tissue that impairs lung functions. The estimated survival time of patients with pulmonary fibrosis is 3-5 years. Bleomycin (BLM) is used clinically in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular germ-cell tumors. Bleomycin's mechanism of action is the inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis. This happens when leukocytes induce the release of cytokines and chemokines which increase the pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-13, IL-1β and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β). Crinum asiaticum L. bulbs (CAE) are widely found in parts of Africa, Asia and Indian Ocean Island. It is also prevalent in southern part of Ghana and traditionally used by the indigenes to treat upper respiratory tract infections, and for wound healing. Betulin (BET) is found in the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L. but widely isolated from the external bark of birches and sycamore trees. Betulin as a lupine type triterpenes has been researched for their pharmacological and biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities and anti-liver fibrosis effects.Aim of the study: The aim was to study the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of Crinum asiaticum L. bulbs extract and betulin in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Materials and method There was a single oropharyngeal administration of bleomycin (80 mg/kg) in mice followed by the treatment of CAE and BET after 48 h of exposure to BLM. Results There was increased survival rate in CAE and BET treatment groups compared to the BLM induced group. There was a marked decreased in the levels of hydroxyproline, collagen I and III in the CAE and BET treatment groups compared to BLM-treated group. The treatment groups of CAE and BET significantly down regulated the levels of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations such as TGF-β1, MMP9, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-alpha compared to an increased in the BLM treated groups. The histological findings of the lungs suggested the curative effects of CAE and BET following BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, the study showed improved lung functions with wide focal area of viable alveolar spaces and few collagen fibers deposition on lungs of treatment groups. Conclusion CAE and BET attenuated pulmonary fibrosis by down regulating pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as improving lung function. This could be a lead in drug discovery where compounds with anti-fibrotic effects could be developed for the treatment of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ofori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Dr Hilla Limann Technical University, Wa, Ghana
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Joshua Asante
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Diamed Diagnostic Center, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Selase Ativui
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Peace Doe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Adwoa Nkrumah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
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20
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Ruan P, Todd JL, Zhao H, Liu Y, Vinisko R, Soellner JF, Schmid R, Kaner RJ, Luckhardt TR, Neely ML, Noth I, Porteous M, Raj R, Safdar Z, Strek ME, Hesslinger C, Palmer SM, Leonard TB, Salisbury ML. Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals novel idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis endotypes associated with disease progression. Respir Res 2023; 24:141. [PMID: 37344825 PMCID: PMC10283254 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the pulmonary interstitium and progressive functional decline. We hypothesized that integration of multi-omics data would identify clinically meaningful molecular endotypes of IPF. METHODS The IPF-PRO Registry is a prospective registry of patients with IPF. Proteomic and transcriptomic (including total RNA [toRNA] and microRNA [miRNA]) analyses were performed using blood collected at enrollment. Molecular data were integrated using Similarity Network Fusion, followed by unsupervised spectral clustering to identify molecular subtypes. Cox proportional hazards models tested the relationship between these subtypes and progression-free and transplant-free survival. The molecular subtypes were compared to risk groups based on a previously described 52-gene (toRNA expression) signature. Biological characteristics of the molecular subtypes were evaluated via linear regression differential expression and canonical pathways (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis [IPA]) over-representation analyses. RESULTS Among 232 subjects, two molecular subtypes were identified. Subtype 1 (n = 105, 45.3%) and Subtype 2 (n = 127, 54.7%) had similar distributions of age (70.1 +/- 8.1 vs. 69.3 +/- 7.6 years; p = 0.31) and sex (79.1% vs. 70.1% males, p = 0.16). Subtype 1 had more severe disease based on composite physiologic index (CPI) (55.8 vs. 51.2; p = 0.002). After adjusting for CPI and antifibrotic treatment at enrollment, subtype 1 experienced shorter progression-free survival (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.28,2.56; p = 0.0008) and similar transplant-free survival (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.87,1.96; p = 0.20) as subtype 2. There was little agreement in the distribution of subjects to the molecular subtypes and the risk groups based on 52-gene signature (kappa = 0.04, 95% CI= -0.08, 0.17), and the 52-gene signature risk groups were associated with differences in transplant-free but not progression-free survival. Based on heatmaps and differential expression analyses, proteins and miRNAs (but not toRNA) contributed to classification of subjects to the molecular subtypes. The IPA showed enrichment in pulmonary fibrosis-relevant pathways, including mTOR, VEGF, PDGF, and B-cell receptor signaling. CONCLUSIONS Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data from blood enabled identification of clinically meaningful molecular endotypes of IPF. If validated, these endotypes could facilitate identification of individuals likely to experience disease progression and enrichment of clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01915511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Ruan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jamie L Todd
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Richard Vinisko
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Ramona Schmid
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Tracy R Luckhardt
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Megan L Neely
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mary Porteous
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi Raj
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary E Strek
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Scott M Palmer
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Margaret L Salisbury
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, 37232, Nashville, TN, USA.
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21
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Xia Q, Jiang W, Zhang H, Amiri-Ardekani E, Hua H, Cheng Y. Machine learning-based prediction of candidate gene biomarkers correlated with immune infiltration in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1001813. [PMID: 36860337 PMCID: PMC9968813 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1001813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify candidate gene biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) based on machine learning algorithms. Methods Microarray datasets of IPF were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were subjected to enrichment analysis, and two machine learning algorithms were used to identify candidate genes associated with IPF. These genes were verified in a validation cohort from the GEO database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of the IPF-associated genes. The cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm was used to evaluate the proportion of immune cells in IPF and normal tissues. Additionally, the correlation between the expression of IPF-associated genes and the infiltration levels of immune cells was examined. Results A total of 302 upregulated and 192 downregulated genes were identified. Functional annotation, pathway enrichment, Disease Ontology and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs were related to the extracellular matrix and immune responses. COL3A1, CDH3, CEBPD, and GPIHBP1 were identified as candidate biomarkers using machine learning algorithms, and their predictive value was verified in a validation cohort. Additionally, ROC analysis revealed that the four genes had high predictive accuracy. The infiltration levels of plasma cells, M0 macrophages and resting dendritic cells were higher and those of resting natural killer (NK) cells, M1 macrophages and eosinophils were lower in the lung tissues of patients with IPF than in those of healthy individuals. The expression of the abovementioned genes was correlated with the infiltration levels of plasma cells, M0 macrophages and eosinophils. Conclusion COL3A1, CDH3, CEBPD, and GPIHBP1 are candidate biomarkers of IPF. Plasma cells, M0 macrophages and eosinophils may be involved in the development of IPF and may serve as immunotherapeutic targets in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huizhe Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,*Correspondence: Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani,
| | - Haibing Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China,Haibing Hua,
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yi Cheng,
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22
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Staab-Weijnitz CA, Onursal C, Nambiar D, Vanacore R. Assessment of Collagen in Translational Models of Lung Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:213-244. [PMID: 37195533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in lung health and disease. Collagen is the main component of the lung ECM, widely used for the establishment of in vitro and organotypic models of lung disease, and as scaffold material of general interest for the field of lung bioengineering. Collagen also is the main readout for fibrotic lung disease, where collagen composition and molecular properties are drastically changed and ultimately result in dysfunctional "scarred" tissue. Because of the central role of collagen in lung disease, quantification, determination of molecular properties, and three-dimensional visualization of collagen is important for both development and characterization of translational models of lung research. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview on the various methodologies currently available for quantification and characterization of collagen including their detection principles, advantages, and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M BioArchive, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ceylan Onursal
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M BioArchive, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Deepika Nambiar
- Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roberto Vanacore
- Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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23
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Molyneaux PL, Maher TM. Reply to Fujimoto et al.: The Need for a CYFRA 21-1 Cutoff Value to Predict Clinical Progression of IPF in Clinical Practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:649-650. [PMID: 35584340 PMCID: PMC9716918 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0835le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Molyneaux
- Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom,Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation TrustLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Toby M. Maher
- Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom,Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation TrustLondon, United Kingdom,University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, California,Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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24
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Wybranowski T, Pyskir J, Bosek M, Napiórkowska M, Cyrankiewicz M, Ziomkowska B, Pilaczyńska-Cemel M, Pyskir M, Rogańska M, Kruszewski S, Przybylski G. The Mortality Risk and Pulmonary Fibrosis Investigated by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy from Plasma in COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175081. [PMID: 36079011 PMCID: PMC9457233 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A method of rapidly pointing out the risk of developing persistent pulmonary fibrosis from a sample of blood is extraordinarily needed for diagnosis, prediction of death, and post-infection prognosis assessment. Collagen scar formation has been found to play an important role in the lung remodeling following SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this reason, the concentration of collagen degradation products in plasma may reflect the process of lung remodeling and determine the extent of fibrosis. According to our previously published results of an in vitro study, an increase in the concentration of type III collagen degradation products in plasma resulted in a decrease in the fluorescence lifetime of plasma at a wavelength of 450 nm. The aim of this study was to use time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to assess pulmonary fibrosis, and to find out if the lifetime of plasma fluorescence is shortened in patients with COVID-19. The presented study is thus far the only one to explore the fluorescence lifetime of plasma in patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis. The time-resolved spectrometer Life Spec II with the sub-nanosecond pulsed 360 nm EPLED® diode was used in order to measure the fluorescence lifetime of plasma. The survival analysis showed that COVID-19 mortality was associated with a decreased mean fluorescence lifetime of plasma. The AUC of mean fluorescence lifetime in predicting death was 0.853 (95% CI 0.735−0.972, p < 0.001) with a cut-off value of 7 ns, and with 62% sensitivity and 100% specificity. We observed a significant decrease in the mean fluorescence lifetime in COVID-19 non-survivors (p < 0.001), in bacterial pneumonia patients without COVID-19 (p < 0.001), and in patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (p < 0.001), relative to healthy subjects. Furthermore, these results suggest that the development of pulmonary fibrosis may be a real and serious problem in former COVID-19 patients in the future. A reduction in the mean fluorescence lifetime of plasma was observed in many patients 6 months after discharge. On the basis of these data, it can be concluded that a decrease in the mean fluorescence lifetime of plasma at 450 nm may be a risk factor for mortality, and probably also for pulmonary fibrosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wybranowski
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pyskir
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Bosek
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Napiórkowska
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Cyrankiewicz
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Blanka Ziomkowska
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Pilaczyńska-Cemel
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pyskir
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Milena Rogańska
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Przybylski
- Department of Lung Diseases, Neoplasms and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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25
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Hesse C, Beneke V, Konzok S, Diefenbach C, Bülow Sand JM, Rønnow SR, Karsdal MA, Jonigk D, Sewald K, Braun A, Leeming DJ, Wollin L. Nintedanib modulates type III collagen turnover in viable precision-cut lung slices from bleomycin-treated rats and patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:201. [PMID: 35927669 PMCID: PMC9351157 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodelling is important in the disease pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We characterised neoepitope biomarkers released by ECM turnover in lung tissue from bleomycin-treated rats and patients with PF and analysed the effects of two antifibrotic drugs: nintedanib and pirfenidone. METHODS Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were prepared from bleomycin-treated rats or patients with PF. PCLS were incubated with nintedanib or pirfenidone for 48 h, and levels of neoepitope biomarkers of type I, III and VI collagen formation or degradation (PRO-C1, PRO-C3, PRO-C6 and C3M) as well as fibronectin (FBN-C) were assessed in the culture supernatants. RESULTS In rat PCLS, incubation with nintedanib led to a reduction in C3M, reflecting type III collagen degradation. In patient PCLS, incubation with nintedanib reduced the levels of PRO-C3 and C3M, thus showing effects on both formation and degradation of type III collagen. Incubation with pirfenidone had a marginal effect on PRO-C3. There were no other notable effects of either nintedanib or pirfenidone on the other neoepitope biomarkers studied. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that nintedanib modulates neoepitope biomarkers of type III collagen turnover and indicated that C3M is a promising translational neoepitope biomarker of PF in terms of therapy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie Beneke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Konzok
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Diefenbach
- Translational Medicine + Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lutz Wollin
- Translational Medicine + Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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26
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Ma H, Wu X, Li Y, Xia Y. Research Progress in the Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Drug Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963054. [PMID: 35935869 PMCID: PMC9349351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease. Recent studies have identified the key role of crosstalk between dysregulated epithelial cells, mesenchymal, immune, and endothelial cells in IPF. In addition, genetic mutations and environmental factors (e.g., smoking) have also been associated with the development of IPF. With the recent development of sequencing technology, epigenetics, as an intermediate link between gene expression and environmental impacts, has also been reported to be implicated in pulmonary fibrosis. Although the etiology of IPF is unknown, many novel therapeutic targets and agents have emerged from clinical trials for IPF treatment in the past years, and the successful launch of pirfenidone and nintedanib has demonstrated the promising future of anti-IPF therapy. Therefore, we aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathogenic factors of IPF, which would be helpful for the diagnosis of IPF, the development of anti-fibrotic drugs, and improving the prognosis of patients with IPF. In this study, we summarized the pathogenic mechanism, therapeutic targets and clinical trials from the perspective of multiple cell types, gene mutations, epigenetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Xia,
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27
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Suzuki A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara Y, Enomoto A, Hino J, Ando A, Inoue M, Shiraki Y, Omote N, Kusaka M, Fukihara J, Hashimoto N. BMP3b is a Novel Anti-Fibrotic Molecule Regulated by Meflin in Lung Fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:446-458. [PMID: 35728045 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0484oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a central role in the lung fibrotic process. Our recent study identified a novel subpopulation of lung fibroblasts expressing meflin, anti-fibrotic properties of which were confirmed by murine lung fibrosis model. Meflin expressing fibroblasts were resistant to fibrogenesis induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, evaluation of a silica-nanoparticles-induced lung fibrosis model confirmed the antifibrotic effect of meflin via the regulation of TGF-β signaling. We conducted comparative gene expression profiling in lung fibroblasts, which identified growth differentiation factor 10 (Gdf10) encoding bone morphogenic protein 3b (BMP3b) as the most down-regulated gene in meflin-deficient cells under the profibrotic condition with TGF-β. We hypothesized that BMP3b can be an effector molecule playing an anti-fibrotic role downstream of meflin. As suggested by single-cell transcriptomic data, restricted expressions of Gdf10 (Bmp3b) in stromal cells including fibroblasts were confirmed. We examined possible anti-fibrotic properties of BMP3b in lung fibroblasts and demonstrated that Bmp3b-null fibroblasts were more susceptible to TGF-β-induced fibrogenic changes. Furthermore, Bmp3b-null mice exhibited exaggerated lung fibrosis induced by silica-nanoparticles in vivo. We also demonstrated that treatment with recombinant BMP3B was effective against TGF-β-induced fibrogenesis in fibroblasts, especially in the suppression of excessive extracellular matrix production. These lines of evidence suggested that BMP3b is a novel humoral effector molecule regulated by meflin which exerts anti-fibrotic properties in lung fibroblasts. Supplementation of BMP3B could be a novel therapeutic strategy for fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Nakahara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Hino
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Inoue
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Pathology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihito Omote
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusaka
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Fukihara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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28
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Molyneaux PL, Fahy WA, Byrne AJ, Braybrooke R, Saunders P, Toshner R, Albers G, Chua F, Renzoni EA, Wells AU, Karkera Y, Oballa E, Saini G, Nicholson AG, Jenkins RG, Maher TM. CYFRA 21-1 Predicts Progression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective Longitudinal Analysis of the PROFILE Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1440-1448. [PMID: 35363592 PMCID: PMC9875897 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202107-1769oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and inevitably fatal condition for which there are a lack of effective biomarkers to guide therapeutic decision making. Objectives: To determine the relationship between serum concentrations of the cytokeratin fragment CYFRA 21-1 and disease progression and mortality in individuals with IPF enrolled in the Prospective Observation of Fibrosis in the Lung Clinical Endpoints (PROFILE) study. Methods: CYFRA 21-1 was identified by immunohistochemistry in samples of human lung obtained at surgery. Concentrations of CYFRA 21-1 were measured using an ELISA-based assay in serum samples collected at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months from 491 individuals with an incident diagnosis of IPF who were enrolled in the PROFILE study and from 100 control subjects at baseline. Study subjects were followed for a minimum of 3 years after their first blood draw. Measurements and Main Results: CYFRA 21-1 localizes to hyperplastic epithelium in IPF lung tissue. Peripheral CYFRA 21-1 concentrations were significantly higher in subjects with IPF than in healthy control subjects in both the discovery (n = 132) (control: 0.96 ± 0.81 ng/ml; vs. IPF: 2.34 ± 2.15 ng/ml; P < 0.0001) and validation (n = 359) (control: 2.21 ± 1.54 ng/ml; and IPF: 4.13 ± 2.77 ng/ml; P < 0.0001) cohorts. Baseline concentrations of CYFRA 21-1 were able to distinguish individuals at risk of 12-month disease progression (C-statistic, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.79; P < 0.0001) and were predictive of overall mortality (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.19] per 1 ng/ml increase in CYFRA 21-1; P = 0.0001). Furthermore, 3-month change in concentrations of CYFRA 21-1 separately predicted 12-month and overall survival in both the discovery and validation cohorts. Conclusions: CYFRA 21-1, a marker of epithelial damage and turnover, has the potential to be an important prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in individuals with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - William A. Fahy
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Byrne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Braybrooke
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Saunders
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Toshner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gesa Albers
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Chua
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta A. Renzoni
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athol U. Wells
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eunice Oballa
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Gauri Saini
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Nicholson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby M. Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Hastings Centre for Pulmonary Research and
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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29
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Padrez Y, Golubewa L, Kulahava T, Vladimirskaja T, Semenkova G, Adzerikho I, Yatsevich O, Amaegberi N, Karpicz R, Svirko Y, Kuzhir P, Rutkauskas D. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension fibrosis using wide-field second harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7330. [PMID: 35513702 PMCID: PMC9072392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that wide-field second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of lung tissue in combination with quantitative analysis of SHG images is a powerful tool for fast and label-free visualization of the fibrosis pathogenesis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Statistical analysis of the SHG images revealed changes of the collagen content and morphology in the lung tissue during the monocrotaline-induced PAH progression in rats. First order statistics disclosed the dependence of the collagen overproduction on time, the second order statistics indicated tightening of collagen fiber network around blood vessels and their spreading into the alveolar region. Fourier analysis revealed that enhancement of the fiber orientation in the collagen network with PAH progression was followed with its subsequent reduction at the terminating phase of the disease. Proposed approach has potential for assessing pulmonary fibrosis in interstitial lung disease, after lung(s) transplantation, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaraslau Padrez
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Lena Golubewa
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Kulahava
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata Karpicz
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Photonics, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Photonics, Joensuu, Finland
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30
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Fouad Y, Palmer M, Chen M, Regev A, Banerjee R, Myers R, Riccio R, Torstenson R, Younes R, Arora PS, Landgren H, Karsdal MA, Blake M, Shapiro DA, Gruss HJ, Sheikh MY, Attia D, Bollipo S, Smith AD, Freilich B, Gish RG, Schuppan D. Redefinition of Fatty Liver Disease from NAFLD to MAFLD through the Lens of Drug Development and Regulatory Science. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:374-382. [PMID: 35528969 PMCID: PMC9039717 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects a third of the population and is a leading cause of liver-related death. Since no effective treatments exist, novel approaches to drug development are required. Unfortunately, outdated terminology and definitions of the disease are hampering efforts to develop new drugs and treatments. An international consensus panel has put forth an influential proposal for the disease to be renamed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to MAFLD, including a proposal for how the disease should be diagnosed. As allies with the many stakeholders in MAFLD care-including patients, patients' advocates, clinicians, researchers, nurse and allied health groups, regional societies, and others-we are aware of the negative consequences of the NAFLD term and definition. We share the sense of urgency for change and will act in new ways to achieve our goals. Although there is much work to be done to overcome clinical inertia and reverse worrisome recent trends, the MAFLD initiative provides a firm foundation to build on. It provides a roadmap for moving forward toward more efficient care and affordable, sustainable drug and device innovation in MAFLD care. We hope it will bring promising new opportunities for a brighter future for MAFLD care and improve care and outcomes for patients of one of the globe's largest and costliest public health burdens. From this viewpoint, we have revisited this initiative through the perspectives of drug development and regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Fouad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Correspondence to: Yasser Fouad, Endemic Medicine Department, Minia University, Main Road, Minia 11432, Egypt. Tel: +20-1091318555, Fax: +20-1-114721500, E-mail: ; Detlef Schuppan, Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: +49-6131-17-7356, Fax: +49-6131-177357, E-mail:
| | - Melissa Palmer
- Gannex/Ascletis Pharma Co Ltd, Beijing, China
- Liver Consulting LLC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minjun Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Arie Regev
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Rob Myers
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ramy Younes
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dina Attia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Steven Bollipo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert G. Gish
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Yasser Fouad, Endemic Medicine Department, Minia University, Main Road, Minia 11432, Egypt. Tel: +20-1091318555, Fax: +20-1-114721500, E-mail: ; Detlef Schuppan, Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: +49-6131-17-7356, Fax: +49-6131-177357, E-mail:
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31
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Burgess JK, Harmsen MC. Chronic lung diseases: entangled in extracellular matrix. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210202. [PMID: 35264410 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0202-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the scaffold that provides structure and support to all organs, including the lung; however, it is also much more than this. The ECM provides biochemical and biomechanical cues to cells that reside or transit through this micro-environment, instructing their responses. The ECM structure and composition changes in chronic lung diseases; how such changes impact disease pathogenesis is not as well understood. Cells bind to the ECM through surface receptors, of which the integrin family is one of the most widely recognised. The signals that cells receive from the ECM regulate their attachment, proliferation, differentiation, inflammatory secretory profile and survival. There is extensive evidence documenting changes in the composition and amount of ECM in diseased lung tissues. However, changes in the topographical arrangement, organisation of the structural fibres and stiffness (or viscoelasticity) of the matrix in which cells are embedded have an undervalued but strong impact on cell phenotype. The ECM in diseased lungs also changes in physical and biomechanical ways that drive cellular responses. The characteristics of these environments alter cell behaviour and potentially orchestrate perpetuation of lung diseases. Future therapies should target ECM remodelling as much as the underlying culprit cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, KOLFF Institute - REGENERATE, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, KOLFF Institute - REGENERATE, Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Decato BE, Leeming DJ, Sand JMB, Fischer A, Du S, Palmer SM, Karsdal M, Luo Y, Minnich A. LPA 1 antagonist BMS-986020 changes collagen dynamics and exerts antifibrotic effects in vitro and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:61. [PMID: 35303880 PMCID: PMC8933988 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating lung disease with limited treatment options. A phase 2 trial (NCT01766817) showed that twice-daily treatment with BMS-986020, a lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) antagonist, significantly decreased the slope of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline over 26 weeks compared with placebo in patients with IPF. This analysis aimed to better understand the impact of LPA1 antagonism on extracellular matrix (ECM)-neoepitope biomarkers and lung function through a post hoc analysis of the phase 2 study, along with an in vitro fibrogenesis model. METHODS Serum levels of nine ECM-neoepitope biomarkers were measured in patients with IPF. The association of biomarkers with baseline and change from baseline FVC and quantitative lung fibrosis as measured with high-resolution computed tomography, and differences between treatment arms using linear mixed models, were assessed. The Scar-in-a-Jar in vitro fibrogenesis model was used to further elucidate the antifibrotic mechanism of BMS-986020. RESULTS In 140 patients with IPF, baseline ECM-neoepitope biomarker levels did not predict FVC progression but was significantly correlated with baseline FVC and lung fibrosis measurements. Most serum ECM-neoepitope biomarker levels were significantly reduced following BMS-986020 treatment compared with placebo, and several of the reductions correlated with FVC and/or lung fibrosis improvement. In the Scar-in-a-Jar in vitro model, BMS-986020 potently inhibited LPA1-induced fibrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS BMS-986020 reduced serum ECM-neoepitope biomarkers, which were previously associated with IPF prognosis. In vitro, LPA promoted fibrogenesis, which was LPA1 dependent and inhibited by BMS-986020. Together these data elucidate a novel antifibrotic mechanism of action for pharmacological LPA1 blockade. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01766817; First posted: January 11, 2013; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01766817 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Decato
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Princeton, NJ, 08648, USA
| | | | | | - Aryeh Fischer
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Princeton, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Shuyan Du
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Princeton, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Duke University Medical Center, 2085 Msrb2 2 Genome Ct., Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Morten Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Yi Luo
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Princeton, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Anne Minnich
- Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 3401 Princeton Pike, Princeton, NJ, 08648, USA.
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33
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Maher TM, Nambiar AM, Wells AU. The role of precision medicine in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102146. [PMID: 35115344 PMCID: PMC9449482 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02146-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The management of interstitial lung disease (ILD) may benefit from a conceptual shift. Increased understanding of this complex and heterogeneous group of disorders over the past 20 years has highlighted the need for individualised treatment strategies that encompass diagnostic classification and disease behaviour. Biomarker-based approaches to precision medicine hold the greatest promise. Robust, large-scale biomarker-based technologies supporting ILD diagnosis have been developed, and future applications relating to staging, prognosis and assessment of treatment response are emerging. Artificial intelligence may redefine our ability to base prognostic evaluation on both diagnosis and underlying disease processes, sharpening individualised treatment algorithms to a level not previously achieved. Compared with therapeutic areas such as oncology, precision medicine in ILD is still in its infancy. However, the heterogeneous nature of ILD suggests that many relevant molecular, environmental and behavioural targets may serve as useful biomarkers if we are willing to invest in their identification and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Maher
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- NIHR Respiratory Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, and Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anoop M Nambiar
- UT Health San Antonio Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Athol U Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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34
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White ES, Thomas M, Stowasser S, Tetzlaff K. Challenges for Clinical Drug Development in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:823085. [PMID: 35173620 PMCID: PMC8841605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.823085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathologic process associated with scarring of the lung interstitium. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a large and heterogenous group of disorders, a number of which are characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis that leads to respiratory failure and death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been described as an archetype of progressive fibrosing ILD, and the development of pirfenidone and nintedanib has been a major breakthrough in the treatment of patients with this deadly disease. Both drugs principally target scar-forming fibroblasts and have been shown to significantly slow down the accelerated decline of lung function by approximately 50%. In addition, nintedanib has been approved for patients with other progressive fibrosing ILDs and systemic sclerosis-associated ILD. However, there is still no cure for pulmonary fibrosis and no meaningful improvement of symptoms or quality of life has been shown. Advancement in research, such as the advent of single cell sequencing technology, has identified additional pathologic cell populations beyond the fibroblast which could be targeted for therapeutic purposes. The preclinical and clinical development of novel drug candidates is hampered by profound challenges such as a lack of sensitive clinical outcomes or suitable biomarkers that would provide an early indication of patient benefit. With the availability of these anti-fibrotic treatments, it has become even more difficult to demonstrate added efficacy, in particular in short-term clinical studies. Patient heterogeneity and the paucity of biomarkers of disease activity further complicate clinical development. It is conceivable that future treatment of pulmonary fibrosis will need to embrace more precision in treating the right patient at the right time, explore novel measures of efficacy, and likely combine treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. White
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Susanne Stowasser
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Kay Tetzlaff
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kay Tetzlaff,
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Samuel CS, Bennett RG. Relaxin as an anti-fibrotic treatment: Perspectives, challenges and future directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114884. [PMID: 34968489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the scarring and hardening of tissues, which results from a failed immune system-coordinated wound healing response to chronic organ injury and which manifests from the aberrant accumulation of various extracellular matrix components (ECM), primarily collagen. Despite being a hallmark of prolonged tissue damage and related dysfunction, and commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, there are currently no effective cures for its regression. An emerging therapy that meets several criteria of an effective anti-fibrotic treatment, is the recombinant drug-based form of the human hormone, relaxin (also referred to as serelaxin, which is bioactive in several other species). This review outlines the broad anti-fibrotic and related organ-protective roles of relaxin, mainly from studies conducted in preclinical models of ageing and fibrotic disease, including its ability to ameliorate several aspects of fibrosis progression and maturation, from immune cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine secretion, oxidative stress, organ hypertrophy, cell apoptosis, myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production, to its ability to facilitate established ECM degradation. Studies that have compared and/or combined these therapeutic effects of relaxin with current standard of care medication have also been discussed, along with the main challenges that have hindered the translation of the anti-fibrotic efficacy of relaxin to the clinic. The review then outlines the future directions as to where scientists and several pharmaceutical companies that have recognized the therapeutic potential of relaxin are working towards, to progress its development as a treatment for human patients suffering from various fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Robert G Bennett
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4130, USA.
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Reinhardt JW, Breuer CK. Fibrocytes: A Critical Review and Practical Guide. Front Immunol 2021; 12:784401. [PMID: 34975874 PMCID: PMC8718395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrocytes are hematopoietic-derived cells that directly contribute to tissue fibrosis by producing collagen following injury, during disease, and with aging. The lack of a fibrocyte-specific marker has led to the use of multiple strategies for identifying these cells in vivo. This review will detail how past studies were performed, report their findings, and discuss their strengths and limitations. The motivation is to identify opportunities for further investigation and promote the adoption of best practices during future study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
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Protective effect of dapsone against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rat. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 124:104737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jessen H, Hoyer N, Prior TS, Frederiksen P, Rønnow SR, Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, Bendstrup E, Sand JMB, Shaker SB. Longitudinal serological assessment of type VI collagen turnover is related to progression in a real-world cohort of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:382. [PMID: 34814865 PMCID: PMC8609852 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a central mechanism in the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and remodeling of type VI collagen has been suggested to be associated with disease progression. Biomarkers that reflect and predict the progression of IPF would provide valuable information for clinicians when treating IPF patients. Methods Two serological biomarkers reflecting formation (PRO-C6) and degradation (C6M) of type VI collagen were evaluated in a real-world cohort of 178 newly diagnoses IPF patients. All patients were treatment naïve at the baseline visit. Blood samples and clinical data were collected from baseline, six months, and 12 months visit. The biomarkers were measured by competitive ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. Results Patients with progressive disease had higher (P = 0.0099) serum levels of PRO-C6 compared to those with stable disease over 12 months with an average difference across all timepoints of 12% (95% CI 3–22), whereas C6M levels tended (P = 0.061) to be higher in patients with progressive disease compared with stable patients over 12 months with an average difference across all timepoints of 12% (95% CI − 0.005–27). Patients who did not receive antifibrotic medicine had a greater increase of C6M (P = 0.043) compared to treated patients from baseline over 12 months with an average difference across all timepoints of 12% (95% CI − 0.07–47). There were no differences in biomarker levels between patients receiving pirfenidone or nintedanib. Conclusions Type VI collagen formation was related to progressive disease in patients with IPF in a real-world cohort and antifibrotic therapy seemed to affect the degradation of type VI collagen. Type VI collagen formation and degradation products might be potential biomarkers for disease progression in IPF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01684-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Jessen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nils Hoyer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Prior
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Allergy, Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peder Frederiksen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sarah R Rønnow
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Diana J Leeming
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Allergy, Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jannie M B Sand
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Saher B Shaker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang YJ, Downey MA, Choi S, Shoup TM, Elmaleh DR. Cromolyn platform suppresses fibrosis and inflammation, promotes microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22161. [PMID: 34772945 PMCID: PMC8589953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and may perpetuate ongoing fibrotic reactions within the central nervous system. Unfortunately, there is no therapeutic available that treats neurodegenerative inflammation and its sequelae. Here we utilize cromolyn, a mast cell inhibitor with anti-inflammatory capabilities, and its fluorinated analogue F-cromolyn to study fibrosis-related protein regulation and secretion downstream of neuroinflammation and their ability to promote microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth. In this report, RNA-seq analysis shows that administration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α to HMC3 human microglia results in a robust upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes. Subsequent treatment with cromolyn and F-cromolyn resulted in reduced secretion of collagen XVIII, fibronectin, and tenascin-c. Additionally, we show that cromolyn and F-cromolyn reduce pro-inflammatory proteins PLP1, PELP1, HSP90, IL-2, GRO-α, Eotaxin, and VEGF-Α, while promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-4 in HMC3 microglia. Furthermore, cromolyn and F-cromolyn augment neurite outgrowth in PC12 neuronal cells in concert with nerve growth factor. Treatment also differentially altered secretion of neurogenesis-related proteins TTL, PROX1, Rab35, and CSDE1 in HMC3 microglia. Finally, iPSC-derived human microglia more readily phagocytose Aβ42 with cromolyn and F-cromolyn relative to controls. We propose the cromolyn platform targets multiple proteins upstream of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and GSK-3β signaling pathways to affect cytokine, chemokine, and fibrosis-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sungwoon Choi
- Department of New Drug Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Timothy M Shoup
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129-2060, USA
| | - David R Elmaleh
- AZTherapies, Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129-2060, USA.
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Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212179. [PMID: 34830058 PMCID: PMC8624248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown aetiology, with a median survival of 2–4 years from the time of diagnosis. Although IPF has unknown aetiology by definition, there have been identified several risks factors increasing the probability of the onset and progression of the disease in IPF patients such as cigarette smoking and environmental risk factors associated with domestic and occupational exposure. Among them, cigarette smoking together with concomitant emphysema might predispose IPF patients to lung cancer (LC), mostly to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), increasing the risk of lung cancer development. To this purpose, IPF and LC share several cellular and molecular processes driving the progression of both pathologies such as fibroblast transition proliferation and activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and many genetic and epigenetic markers that predispose IPF patients to LC development. Nintedanib, a tyrosine–kinase inhibitor, was firstly developed as an anticancer drug and then recognized as an anti-fibrotic agent based on the common target molecular pathway. In this review our aim is to describe the updated studies on common cellular and molecular mechanisms between IPF and lung cancer, knowledge of which might help to find novel therapeutic targets for this disease combination.
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Giacomelli C, Piccarducci R, Marchetti L, Romei C, Martini C. Pulmonary fibrosis from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions: lessons from post-COVID-19 patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114812. [PMID: 34687672 PMCID: PMC8546906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterised by several grades of chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Recently, infectious agents have emerged as driving causes for PF development; however, the role of viral/bacterial infections in the initiation and propagation of PF is still debated. In this context, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and PF development. Although the infection by SARS-CoV-2 can be eradicated in most cases, the development of fibrotic lesions cannot be precluded; furthermore, whether these lesions are stable or progressive fibrotic events is still unknown. Herein, an overview of the main molecular mechanisms driving the fibrotic process together with the currently approved and newly proposed therapeutic solutions was given. Then, the most recent data that emerged from post-COVID-19 patients was discussed, in order to compare PF and COVID-19-dependent PF, highlighting shared and specific mechanisms. A better understanding of PF aetiology is certainly needed, also to develop effective therapeutic strategies and COVID-19 pathology is offering one more chance to do it. Overall, the work reported here could help to define new approaches for therapeutic intervention in the diversity of the ILD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Chiara Romei
- Multidisciplinary Team of Interstitial Lung Disease, Radiology Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy,Corresponding author
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The matrisome and adhesome comprise proteins that are found within or are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion complexes, respectively. Interactions between cells and their microenvironment are mediated by key matrisome and adhesome proteins, which direct fundamental processes, including growth and development. Due to their underlying complexity, it has historically been challenging to undertake mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling of these proteins. New developments in sample preparative workflows, informatics databases, and MS techniques have enabled in-depth proteomic characterization of the matrisome and adhesome, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the interactomes, and cellular signaling that occur at the cell-ECM interface. AREA COVERED This review summarizes recent advances in proteomic characterization of the matrisome and adhesome. It focuses on the importance of curated databases and discusses key strengths and limitations of different workflows. EXPERT OPINION MS-based proteomics has shown promise in characterizing the matrisome and topology of adhesome networks in health and disease. Moving forward, it will be important to incorporate integrative analysis to define the bidirectional signaling between the matrisome and adhesome, and adopt new methods for post-translational modification and in vivo analyses to better dissect the critical roles that these proteins play in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Khan FA, Stewart I, Saini G, Robinson KA, Jenkins RG. A systematic review of blood biomarkers with individual participant data meta-analysis of matrix-metalloproteinase-7 in IPF. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01612-2021. [PMID: 34588192 PMCID: PMC9202487 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01612-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood-derived biomarkers have been described extensively as potential prognostic markers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but studies have been limited by analyses using data-dependent thresholds, inconsistent adjustment for confounders and an array of end-points, thus often yielding ungeneralisable results. Meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) is a powerful tool to overcome these limitations. Through systematic review of blood-derived biomarkers, sufficient studies with measurements of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 were identified to facilitate standardised analyses of the prognostic potential of this biomarker in IPF. Methods Electronic databases were searched on 12 November 2020 to identify prospective studies reporting outcomes in patients with untreated IPF, stratified according to at least one pre-specified biomarker, measured at either baseline, or change over 3 months. IPD were sought for studies investigating MMP-7 as a prognostic factor. The primary outcome was overall mortality according to standardised MMP-7 z-scores, with a secondary outcome of disease progression in 12 months, all adjusted for age, gender, smoking and baseline forced vital capacity. Results IPD was available for nine studies out of 12 identified, reporting outcomes from 1664 participants. Baseline MMP-7 levels were associated with increased mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.48; I2=64.3%) and disease progression (adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.11–1.46; I2=5.9%). In limited studies, 3-month change in MMP-7 was not associated with outcomes. Conclusion IPD meta-analysis demonstrated that greater baseline MMP-7 levels were independently associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes in patients with untreated IPF, while short-term changes did not reflect disease progression. Robust methodology using individual participant data meta-analysis demonstrates that baseline MMP-7 levels predict overall mortality and disease progression in patients with untreated IPF independent of age, gender, smoking status and lung functionhttps://bit.ly/2WlPudQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasihul A Khan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK .,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, UK
| | - Iain Stewart
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, UK.,Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Health and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gauri Saini
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - R Gisli Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, UK.,Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Health and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Pehrsson M, Mortensen JH, Manon-Jensen T, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Davies MJ. Enzymatic cross-linking of collagens in organ fibrosis - resolution and assessment. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1049-1064. [PMID: 34330194 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1962711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Enzymatic cross-linking of the collagens within the extracellular matrix (ECM) catalyzed by enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase like-enzymes 1-4 (LOXL), transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and peroxidasin (PXDN) contribute to fibrosis progression through extensive collagen cross-linking. Studies in recent years have begun elucidating the important role of collagen cross-linking in perpetuating progression of organ fibrosis independently of inflammation through an increasingly stiff and noncompliant ECM. Therefore, collagen cross-linking and the cross-linking enzymes have become new targets in anti-fibrotic therapy as well as targets of novel biomarkers to properly assess resolution of the fibrotic ECM.Areas covered: The enzymatic actions of enzymes catalyzing collagen cross-linking and their relevance in organ fibrosis. Potential biomarkers specifically quantifying proteolytic fragments of collagen cross-linking is discussed based on Pubmed search done in November 2020 as well as the authors knowledge.Expert opinion: Current methods for the assessment of fibrosis involve the use of invasive and/or cumbersome and expensive methods such as tissue biopsies. Thus, an unmet need exists for the development and validation of minimally invasive biomarkers of proteolytic fragments of cross-linked collagens. These biomarkers may aid in the development and proper assessment of fibrosis resolution in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pehrsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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Association between Markers of Synovial Inflammation, Matrix Turnover and Symptoms in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071826. [PMID: 34359996 PMCID: PMC8307303 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between markers of synovial inflammation and matrix turnover (MRI-based and serum biomarkers) and knee symptoms in established knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This cross-sectional study utilised data from a randomised, multicentre placebo-controlled trial (UK-VIDEO) of vitamin D therapy in symptomatic KOA. Data on serum biomarkers, type III collagen degradation (C3M), metabolite of C-reactive protein (CRPM) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), were available at baseline whilst contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI data were acquired in a subsample at baseline and annually. Knee symptoms were assessed using WOMAC at all visits. We examined the cross-sectional association between knee symptoms and three MRI-based and three serum markers of synovitis and matrix turnover, respectively. A total of 447 participants were included in the serum and 136 participants in the MRI analyses. MRI-defined medial perimeniscal synovitis was positively associated with knee pain and, suprapatellar and medial perimeniscal synovitis with knee function in multivariate analysis. We observed a statistically significant, negative association between a higher concentration of serum C3M and CRPM and knee pain, respectively. Furthermore, the highest CRPM quartile was negatively associated with knee function. Our findings suggest that, in established painful radiographic KOA, MRI-defined medial perimeniscal and suprapatellar synovitis were positively associated with knee symptoms. Serum-based C3M and CRPM markers were negatively associated with knee symptoms. Pain fluctuations are common in KOA and a better understanding of the relationship between markers of synovitis and matrix turnover and knee symptoms would facilitate a more accurate assessment of temporal changes in disease progression.
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Lindholm M, Godskesen LE, Manon-Jensen T, Kjeldsen J, Krag A, Karsdal MA, Mortensen JH. Endotrophin and C6Ma3, serological biomarkers of type VI collagen remodelling, reflect endoscopic and clinical disease activity in IBD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14713. [PMID: 34282237 PMCID: PMC8289827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the chronic inflammation deeply affects the intestinal extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate if remodeling of the intestinal basement membrane type VI collagen was associated with pathophysiological changes in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Serum from IBD patients (CD: n = 65; UC: n = 107; irritable bowel syndrome: n = 18; healthy subjects: n = 20) was investigated in this study. The serological biomarkers C6Ma3 (a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) generated fragment of the type VI collagen α3 chain) and PRO-C6, also called endotrophin (the C-terminus of the released C5 domain of the type VI collagen α3 chain) were measured by ELISAs. Serum C6Ma3 was increased in CD patients with moderate to severe and mild endoscopically active disease compared to endoscopic remission (p = 0.002, p = 0.0048), respectively, and could distinguish endoscopically active disease from remission with an AUC of 1.0 (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 100%) (p < 0.0001), which was superior to CRP. C6Ma3 was increased in CD patients with moderate to severe clinical disease compared to mild and remission (p = 0.04; p = 0.009). Serum PRO-C6, endotrophin, was increased in CD patients in clinically remission compared to mild disease (p = 0.04) and moderate to severe disease (p = 0.065). In UC, fecal calprotectin was the only marker that alone could distinguish both clinical and endoscopic active and inactive disease. Type VI collagen degradation of the α3 chain mediated by MMPs was increased in CD patients with endoscopically active disease, measured by the serological biomarker C6Ma3, which was able to distinguish endoscopically active from inactive CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken Lindholm
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Line E Godskesen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Manon-Jensen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joachim H Mortensen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
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Suri GS, Kaur G, Jha CK, Tiwari M. Understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - Clinical features, molecular mechanism and therapies. Exp Gerontol 2021; 153:111473. [PMID: 34274426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung fibrosing disease with high prevalence that has a prognosis worse than many cancers. There has been a recent influx of new observations aimed at explaining the mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. However, despite this, the pathogenesis of the disease is largely unclear. Recent progress has been made in the characterization of specific pathologic and clinical features that have enhanced the understanding of pathologically activated molecular pathways during the onset and progression of IPF. This review highlights several of the advances that have been made and focus on the pathobiology of IPF. The work also details the different factors that are responsible for the disposition of the disease - these may be internal factors such as cellular mechanisms and genetic alterations, or they may be external factors from the environment. The changes that primarily occur in epithelial cells and fibroblasts that lead to the activation of profibrotic pathways are discussed in depth. Finally, a complete repertoire of the treatment therapies that have been used in the past as well as future medications and therapies is provided.
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Turnover of type I and III collagen predicts progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2021; 22:205. [PMID: 34261485 PMCID: PMC8281632 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the accumulation of fibrillar collagens in the alveolar space resulting in reduced pulmonary function and a high mortality rate. Biomarkers measuring the turnover of type I and III collagen could provide valuable information for prognosis and treatment decisions in IPF. METHODS Serological biomarkers reflecting the formation of type III collagen (PRO-C3) and degradation of type I (C1M) and III collagen (C3M) were evaluated in a real-world cohort of 178 newly diagnosed IPF patients. Blood samples and clinical data were collected at baseline, six, and 12 months. Baseline and longitudinal biomarker levels were related to disease progression of IPF (defined as ≥ 5% decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and/or ≥ 10% decline in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) and/or all-cause mortality at 12 months). Furthermore, we analysed differences in percentage change of biomarker levels from baseline between patients receiving antifibrotic treatment or not. RESULTS Increased baseline levels of type I and III collagen turnover biomarkers were associated with a greater risk of disease progression within 12 months compared to patients with a low baseline type I and III collagen turnover. Patients with progressive disease had higher serum levels of C1M (P = 0.038) and PRO-C3 (P = 0.0022) compared to those with stable disease over one year. There were no differences in biomarker levels between patients receiving pirfenidone, nintedanib, or no antifibrotics. CONCLUSION Baseline levels of type I and III collagen turnover were associated with disease progression within 12 months in a real-world cohort of IPF patients. Longitudinal biomarker levels of type I and III collagen turnover were related to progressive disease. Moreover, antifibrotic therapy did not affect type I and III collagen turnover biomarkers in these patients. PRO-C3 and C1M may be potential biomarkers for a progressive disease behavior in IPF.
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Khan MM, Poeckel D, Halavatyi A, Zukowska-Kasprzyk J, Stein F, Vappiani J, Sevin DC, Tischer C, Zinn N, Eley JD, Gudmann NS, Muley T, Winter H, Fisher AJ, Nanthakumar CB, Bergamini G, Pepperkok R. An integrated multiomic and quantitative label-free microscopy-based approach to study pro-fibrotic signalling in ex vivo human precision-cut lung slices. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00221-2020. [PMID: 33361096 PMCID: PMC8318569 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00221-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ, resulting in the loss of tissue architecture and function with often life-threatening consequences. Pathologically, fibrosis is characterised by the expansion of connective tissue due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including the fibrillar forms of collagen. A significant limitation for discovering cures for fibrosis is the availability of suitable human models and techniques to quantify mature fibrillar collagen deposition as close as possible to human physiological conditions. Here we have extensively characterised an ex vivo cultured human lung tissue-derived, precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) model using label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) light microscopy to quantify fibrillar collagen deposition and mass spectrometry-based techniques to obtain a proteomic and metabolomic fingerprint of hPCLS in ex vivo culture. We demonstrate that hPCLS are viable and metabolically active, with mesenchymal, epithelial, endothelial and immune cell types surviving for at least 2 weeks in ex vivo culture. Analysis of hPCLS-conditioned supernatants showed a strong induction of pulmonary fibrosis-related ECM proteins upon transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation. This upregulation of ECM proteins was not translated into an increased deposition of fibrillar collagen. In support of this observation, we revealed the presence of a pro-ECM degradation activity in our ex vivo cultures of hPCLS, inhibition of which by a metalloproteinase inhibitor resulted in increased collagen deposition in response to TGF-β1 stimulation. Together the data show that an integrated approach of measuring soluble pro-fibrotic markers alongside quantitative SHG-based analysis of fibrillar collagen is a valuable tool for studying pro-fibrotic signalling and testing anti-fibrotic agents. Multiomic and label-free imaging-based characterisation of ex vivo cultured human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) reveals that MMP signalling is a rate-limiting factor necessary for deposition of fibrillar collagen in ECM of hPCLShttps://bit.ly/3rcUa0e
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Majid Khan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Poeckel
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Stein
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel C Sevin
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nico Zinn
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Muley
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biobank Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biobank Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Giovanna Bergamini
- Discovery Biology, Cellzome GmbH, GSK, Heidelberg, Germany.,G. Bergamini and R. Pepperkok contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany .,Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,G. Bergamini and R. Pepperkok contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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50
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Kreuter M, Lee JS, Tzouvelekis A, Oldham JM, Molyneaux PL, Weycker D, Atwood M, Kirchgaessler KU, Maher TM. Monocyte Count as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:74-81. [PMID: 33434107 PMCID: PMC8437112 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0669oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: There is an urgent need for simple, cost-effective prognostic biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); biomarkers that show potential include monocyte count. Objectives: We used pooled data from pirfenidone and IFNγ-1b trials to explore the association between monocyte count and prognosis in patients with IPF. Methods: This retrospective pooled analysis included patients (active and placebo arms) from the following four phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trials: ASCEND (NCT01366209), CAPACITY (NCT00287729 and NCT00287716), and INSPIRE (NCT00075998). Outcomes included IPF progression (≥10% absolute decline in FVC% predicted, ≥50 m decline in 6-minute-walk distance, or death), all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause mortality over 1 year. The relationship between monocyte count (defined as time-dependent) and outcomes was assessed using bivariate and multivariable models. Measurements and Main Results: This analysis included 2,067 patients stratified by monocyte count (at baseline: <0.60 × 109 cells/L [n = 1,609], 0.60 to <0.95 × 109 cells/L [n = 408], and ≥0.95 × 109 cells/L [n = 50]). In adjusted analyses, a higher proportion of patients with monocyte counts of 0.60 to <0.95 × 109 cells/L or ≥0.95 × 109 cells/L versus <0.60 × 109 cells/L experienced IPF progression (P = 0.016 and P = 0.002, respectively), all-cause hospitalization (P = 0.030 and P = 0.003, respectively), and all-cause mortality (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively) over 1 year. Change in monocyte count from baseline was not associated with any of the outcomes over 1 year and did not appear to be affected by study treatment. Conclusions: In patients with IPF, elevated monocyte count was associated with increased risks of IPF progression, hospitalization, and mortality. Monocyte count may provide a simple and inexpensive prognostic biomarker in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joyce S Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Justin M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Atwood
- Policy Analysis, Inc., Brookline, Massachusetts
| | | | - Toby M Maher
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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