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Ball BK, Kuhn MK, Fleeman Bechtel RM, Proctor EA, Brubaker DK. Differential responses of primary neuron-secreted MCP-1 and IL-9 to type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease-associated metabolites. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12743. [PMID: 38830911 PMCID: PMC11148169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is implicated as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. In this work, we investigated neuroinflammatory responses of primary neurons to potentially circulating, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeable metabolites associated with AD, T2D, or both. We identified nine metabolites associated with protective or detrimental properties of AD and T2D in literature (lauric acid, asparagine, fructose, arachidonic acid, aminoadipic acid, sorbitol, retinol, tryptophan, niacinamide) and stimulated primary mouse neuron cultures with each metabolite before quantifying cytokine secretion via Luminex. We employed unsupervised clustering, inferential statistics, and partial least squares discriminant analysis to identify relationships between cytokine concentration and disease-associations of metabolites. We identified MCP-1, a cytokine associated with monocyte recruitment, as differentially abundant between neurons stimulated by metabolites associated with protective and detrimental properties of AD and T2D. We also identified IL-9, a cytokine that promotes mast cell growth, to be differentially associated with T2D. Indeed, cytokines, such as MCP-1 and IL-9, released from neurons in response to BBB-permeable metabolites associated with T2D may contribute to AD development by downstream effects of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan K Ball
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Fleeman Bechtel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Douglas K Brubaker
- Center for Global Health & Diseases, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Blood Heart Lung Immunology Research Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Wang R, Zhan Y, Zhu W, Yang Q, Pei J. Association of soluble TREM2 with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1407980. [PMID: 38841103 PMCID: PMC11150578 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1407980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) is a potential neuroinflammatory biomarker linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous studies have produced inconsistent results regarding sTREM2 levels in various clinical stages of AD. This study aims to establish the correlation between sTREM2 levels and AD progression through a meta-analysis of sTREM2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Methods Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify observational studies reporting CSF and blood sTREM2 levels in AD patients, MCI patients, and healthy controls. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Thirty-six observational studies involving 3,016 AD patients, 3,533 MCI patients, and 4,510 healthy controls were included. CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly higher in both the AD [SMD = 0.28, 95% CI (0.15, 0.41)] and MCI groups [SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.13, 0.47)] compared to the healthy control group. However, no significant differences in expression were detected between the AD and MCI groups [SMD = 0.09, 95% CI (-0.09, 0.26)]. Furthermore, increased plasma sTREM2 levels were associated with a higher risk of AD [SMD = 0.42, 95% CI (0.01, 0.83)]. Conclusion CSF sTREM2 levels are positively associated with an increased risk of AD and MCI. Plasma sTREM2 levels were notably higher in the AD group than in the control group and may serve as a promising biomarker for diagnosing AD. However, sTREM2 levels are not effective for distinguishing between different disease stages of AD. Further investigations are needed to explore the longitudinal changes in sTREM2 levels, particularly plasma sTREM2 levels, during AD progression. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024514593.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Pei
- Department of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu Y, Libby JB, Dumitrescu L, De Jager PL, Menon V, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Hohman TJ. Association of 10 VEGF Family Genes with Alzheimer's Disease Endophenotypes at Single Cell Resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589221. [PMID: 38826287 PMCID: PMC11142115 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The cell-type specific role of the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not well characterized. In this study, we utilized a single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset from Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLFPC) of 424 donors from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROS/MAP) to investigate the effect of 10 VEGF genes ( VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, PGF, FLT1, FLT4, KDR, NRP1 , and NRP2 ) on AD endophenotypes. Mean age of death was 89 years, among which 68% were females, and 52% has AD dementia. Negative binomial mixed models were used for differential expression analysis and for association analysis with β-amyloid load, PHF tau tangle density, and both cross-sectional and longitudinal global cognitive function. Intercellular VEGF-associated signaling was profiled using CellChat. We discovered prefrontal cortical FLT1 expression was upregulated in AD brains in both endothelial and microglial cells. Higher FLT1 expression was also associated with worse cross-sectional global cognitive function, longitudinal cognitive trajectories, and β-amyloid load. Similarly, higher endothelial FLT4 expression was associated with more β-amyloid load. In contrast to the receptors, VEGFB showed opposing effects on β-amyloid load whereby higher levels in oligodendrocytes was associated with high amyloid burden, while higher levels in inhibitory neurons was associated with lower amyloid burden. Finally, AD cells showed significant reduction in overall VEGF signaling comparing to those from cognitive normal participants. Our results highlight key changes in VEGF receptor expression in endothelial and microglial cells during AD, and the potential protective role of VEGFB in neurons.
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Bitarafan S, Pybus AF, Rivera Moctezuma FG, Adibi M, Franklin TC, Singer AC, Wood LB. Frequency and duration of sensory flicker controls astrocyte and neuron specific transcriptional profiles in 5xFAD mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594705. [PMID: 38826251 PMCID: PMC11142106 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Current clinical trials are investigating gamma frequency sensory stimulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease, yet we lack a comprehensive picture of the effects of this stimulation on multiple aspects of brain function. While most prior research has focused on gamma frequency sensory stimulation, we previously showed that exposing mice to visual flickering stimulation increased MAPK and NFκB signaling in the visual cortex in a manner dependent on duration and frequency of sensory stimulation exposure. Because these pathways control multiple neuronal and glial functions and are differentially activated based on the duration and frequency of flicker stimulation, we aimed to define the transcriptional effects of different frequencies and durations of flicker stimulation on multiple brain functions. Methods We exposed 5xFAD mice to different frequencies of audio/visual flicker stimulation (constant light, 10Hz, 20Hz, 40Hz) for durations of 0.5hr, 1hr, or 4hr, then used bulk RNAseq to profile transcriptional changes within the visual cortex and hippocampus tissues. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified modules of co-expressed genes controlled by frequency and/or duration of stimulation. Results Within the visual cortex, we found that all stimulation frequencies caused fast activation of a module of immune genes within 1hr and slower suppression of synaptic genes after 4hrs of stimulation. Interestingly, all frequencies of stimulation led to slow suppression of astrocyte specific gene sets, while activation of neuronal gene sets was frequency and duration specific. In contrast, in the hippocampus, immune and synaptic modules were suppressed based on the frequency of stimulation. Specifically,10Hz activated a module of genes associated with mitochondrial function, metabolism, and synaptic translation while 10Hz rapidly suppressed a module of genes linked to neurotransmitter activity. Conclusion Collectively, our data indicate that the frequency and duration of flicker stimulation controls immune, neuronal, and metabolic genes in multiple regions of the brain affected by Alzheimer's disease. Flicker stimulation may thus represent a potential therapeutic strategy that can be tuned based on the brain region and the specific cellular process to be modulated.
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Yang J, Zhou Y, Wang T, Li N, Chao Y, Gao S, Zhang Q, Wu S, Zhao L, Dong X. A multi-omics study to monitor senescence-associated secretory phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:1310-1324. [PMID: 38605603 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration and damage of neurons in the brain. However, developing an accurate diagnostic assay using blood samples remains a challenge in clinic practice. The aim of this study was to explore senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in peripheral blood using mass spectrometry based multi-omics approach and to establish diagnostic assays for AD. METHODS This retrospective study included 88 participants, consisting of 29 AD patients and 59 cognitively normal (CN) individuals. Plasma and serum samples were examined using high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify proteomic and metabolomic profiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to screen biomarkers with diagnostic potential. K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm was utilized to construct a multi-dimensional model for distinguishing AD from CN. RESULTS Proteomics analysis revealed upregulation of five plasma proteins in AD, including RNA helicase aquarius (AQR), zinc finger protein 587B (ZNF587B), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibronectin (FN1), and serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA1), indicating their potential for AD classification. Interestingly, KNN-based three-dimensional model, comprising AQR, ZNF587B, and CRP, demonstrated its high accuracy in AD recognition, with evaluation possibilities of 0.941, 1.000, and 1.000 for the training, testing, and validation datasets, respectively. Besides, metabolomics analysis suggested elevated levels of serum phenylacetylglutamine (PAGIn) in AD. INTERPRETATION The multi-omics outcomes highlighted the significance of the SASPs, specifically AQR, ZNF587B, CRP, and PAGIn, in terms of their potential for diagnosing AD and suggested neuronal aging-associated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yinge Zhou
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yufan Chao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Songyan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Baoshan Elderly Nursing Hospital, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Suzhou Innovation Center of Shanghai University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
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Holleman J, Daniilidou M, Kåreholt I, Aspö M, Hagman G, Udeh-Momoh CT, Spulber G, Kivipelto M, Solomon A, Matton A, Sindi S. Diurnal cortisol, neuroinflammation, and neuroimaging visual rating scales in memory clinic patients. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:499-509. [PMID: 38503394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenic process. Cortisol dysregulation may increase AD risk and is related to brain atrophy. This cross-sectional study aims to examine interactions of cortisol patterns and neuroinflammation markers in their association with neuroimaging correlates. METHOD 134 participants were recruited from the Karolinska University Hospital memory clinic (Stockholm, Sweden). Four visual rating scales were applied to magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans: medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), global cortical atrophy (GCA), white matter lesions (WML), and posterior atrophy. Participants provided saliva samples for assessment of diurnal cortisol patterns, and underwent lumbar punctures for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. Three cortisol measures were used: the cortisol awakening response, total daily output, and the ratio of awakening to bedtime levels. Nineteen CSF neuroinflammation markers were categorized into five composite scores: proinflammatory cytokines, other cytokines, angiogenesis markers, vascular injury markers, and glial activation markers. Ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to assess associations between cortisol patterns, neuroinflammation scores, and visual rating scales, and interactions between cortisol patterns and neuroinflammation scores in relation to visual rating scales. RESULT Higher levels of angiogenesis markers were associated with more severe WML. Some evidence was found for interactions between dysregulated diurnal cortisol patterns and greater neuroinflammation-related biomarkers in relation to more severe GCA and WML. No associations were found between cortisol patterns and visual rating scales. CONCLUSION This study suggests an interplay between diurnal cortisol patterns and neuroinflammation in relation to brain structure. While this cross-sectional study does not provide information on causality or temporality, these findings suggest that neuroinflammation may be involved in the relationship between HPA-axis functioning and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Holleman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Aspö
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Hagman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chinedu T Udeh-Momoh
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK; Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, North Carolina, USA; Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gabriela Spulber
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Matton
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen 37A - QA32, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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Karlsson L, Vogel J, Arvidsson I, Åström K, Janelidze S, Blennow K, Palmqvist S, Stomrud E, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Hansson O. Cerebrospinal fluid reference proteins increase accuracy and interpretability of biomarkers for brain diseases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3676. [PMID: 38693142 PMCID: PMC11063138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflect brain pathophysiology and are used extensively in translational research as well as in clinical practice for diagnosis of neurological diseases, e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, CSF biomarker concentrations may be influenced by non-disease related inter-individual variability. Here we use a data-driven approach to demonstrate the existence of inter-individual variability in mean standardized CSF protein levels. We show that these non-disease related differences cause many commonly reported CSF biomarkers to be highly correlated, thereby producing misleading results if not accounted for. To adjust for this inter-individual variability, we identified and evaluated high-performing reference proteins which improved the diagnostic accuracy of key CSF AD biomarkers. Our reference protein method attenuates the risk for false positive findings, and improves the sensitivity and specificity of CSF biomarkers, with broad implications for both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jacob Vogel
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, SciLifeLab, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ida Arvidsson
- Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kalle Åström
- Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Lin RR, Jin LL, Xue YY, Zhang ZS, Huang HF, Chen DF, Liu Q, Mao ZW, Wu ZY, Tao QQ. Hybrid Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Precise Targeting and Synergistic Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2306675. [PMID: 38647399 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) limits the application of most therapeutic drugs for neurological diseases (NDs). Hybrid cell membrane-coated nanoparticles derived from different cell types can mimic the surface properties and functionalities of the source cells, further enhancing their targeting precision and therapeutic efficacy. Neuroinflammation has been increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various NDs, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a novel cell membrane coating is designed by hybridizing the membrane from platelets and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) cells are overexpressed to cross the BBB and target neuroinflammatory lesions. Past unsuccessful endeavors in AD drug development underscore the challenge of achieving favorable outcomes when utilizing single-mechanism drugs.Two drugs with different mechanisms of actions into liposomes are successfully loaded to realize multitargeting treatment. In a transgenic mouse model for familial AD (5xFAD), the administration of these drug-loaded hybrid cell membrane liposomes results in a significant reduction in amyloid plaque deposition, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments. Collectively, the hybrid cell membrane-coated nanomaterials offer new opportunities for precise drug delivery and disease-specific targeting, which represent a versatile platform for targeted therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Lin
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lu-Lu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xue
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hui-Feng Huang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dian-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Mizoguchi E, Sadanaga T, Nanni L, Wang S, Mizoguchi A. Recently Updated Role of Chitinase 3-like 1 on Various Cell Types as a Major Influencer of Chronic Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:678. [PMID: 38667293 PMCID: PMC11049018 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (also known as CHI3L1 or YKL-40) is a mammalian chitinase that has no enzymatic activity, but has the ability to bind to chitin, the polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Chitin is a component of fungi, crustaceans, arthropods including insects and mites, and parasites, but it is completely absent from mammals, including humans and mice. In general, chitin-containing organisms produce mammalian chitinases, such as CHI3L1, to protect the body from exogenous pathogens as well as hostile environments, and it was thought that it had a similar effect in mammals. However, recent studies have revealed that CHI3L1 plays a pathophysiological role by inducing anti-apoptotic activity in epithelial cells and macrophages. Under chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, many groups already confirmed that the expression of CHI3L1 is significantly induced on the apical side of epithelial cells, and activates many downstream pathways involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize the expression of CHI3L1 under chronic inflammatory conditions in various disorders and discuss the potential roles of CHI3L1 in those disorders on various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Takayuki Sadanaga
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Linda Nanni
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
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Theoharides TC, Twahir A, Kempuraj D. Mast cells in the autonomic nervous system and potential role in disorders with dysautonomia and neuroinflammation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:440-454. [PMID: 37951572 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are ubiquitous in the body, and they are critical for not only in allergic diseases but also in immunity and inflammation, including having potential involvement in the pathophysiology of dysautonomias and neuroinflammatory disorders. MC are located perivascularly close to nerve endings and sites such as the carotid bodies, heart, hypothalamus, the pineal gland, and the adrenal gland that would allow them not only to regulate but also to be affected by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). MC are stimulated not only by allergens but also many other triggers including some from the ANS that can affect MC release of neurosensitizing, proinflammatory, and vasoactive mediators. Hence, MC may be able to regulate homeostatic functions that seem to be dysfunctional in many conditions, such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and Long-COVID syndrome. The evidence indicates that there is a possible association between these conditions and diseases associated with MC activation. There is no effective treatment for any form of these conditions other than minimizing symptoms. Given the many ways MC could be activated and the numerous mediators released, it would be important to develop ways to inhibit stimulation of MC and the release of ANS-relevant mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Assma Twahir
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
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11
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Chamberland É, Moravveji S, Doyon N, Duchesne S. A computational model of Alzheimer's disease at the nano, micro, and macroscales. Front Neuroinform 2024; 18:1348113. [PMID: 38586183 PMCID: PMC10995318 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1348113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mathematical models play a crucial role in investigating complex biological systems, enabling a comprehensive understanding of interactions among various components and facilitating in silico testing of intervention strategies. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by multifactorial causes and intricate interactions among biological entities, necessitating a personalized approach due to the lack of effective treatments. Therefore, mathematical models offer promise as indispensable tools in combating AD. However, existing models in this emerging field often suffer from limitations such as inadequate validation or a narrow focus on single proteins or pathways. Methods In this paper, we present a multiscale mathematical model that describes the progression of AD through a system of 19 ordinary differential equations. The equations describe the evolution of proteins (nanoscale), cell populations (microscale), and organ-level structures (macroscale) over a 50-year lifespan, as they relate to amyloid and tau accumulation, inflammation, and neuronal death. Results Distinguishing our model is a robust foundation in biological principles, ensuring improved justification for the included equations, and rigorous parameter justification derived from published experimental literature. Conclusion This model represents an essential initial step toward constructing a predictive framework, which holds significant potential for identifying effective therapeutic targets in the fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éléonore Chamberland
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Seyedadel Moravveji
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doyon
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Radiologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
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12
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Chan DC, Kim C, Kang RY, Kuhn MK, Beidler LM, Zhang N, Proctor EA. Cytokine expression patterns predict suppression of vulnerable neural circuits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.17.585383. [PMID: 38559177 PMCID: PMC10979954 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.585383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive amyloid plaque accumulation, tau tangle formation, neuroimmune dysregulation, synapse an neuron loss, and changes in neural circuit activation that lead to cognitive decline and dementia. Early molecular and cellular disease-instigating events occur 20 or more years prior to presentation of symptoms, making them difficult to study, and for many years amyloid-β, the aggregating peptide seeding amyloid plaques, was thought to be the toxic factor responsible for cognitive deficit. However, strategies targeting amyloid-β aggregation and deposition have largely failed to produce safe and effective therapies, and amyloid plaque levels poorly correlate with cognitive outcomes. However, a role still exists for amyloid-β in the variation in an individual's immune response to early, soluble forms of aggregates, and the downstream consequences of this immune response for aberrant cellular behaviors and creation of a detrimental tissue environment that harms neuron health and causes changes in neural circuit activation. Here, we perform functional magnetic resonance imaging of awake, unanesthetized Alzheimer's disease mice to map changes in functional connectivity over the course of disease progression, in comparison to wild-type littermates. In these same individual animals, we spatiotemporally profile the immune milieu by measuring cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors across various brain regions and over the course of disease progression from pre-pathology through established cognitive deficit. We identify specific signatures of immune activation predicting hyperactivity followed by suppression of intra- and then inter-regional functional connectivity in multiple disease-relevant brain regions, following the pattern of spread of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - ChaeMin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lynne M Beidler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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13
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Liu WS, Zhang YR, Ge YJ, Wang HF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Inflammation and Brain Structure in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: a Mendelian Randomization Study. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1593-1604. [PMID: 37736795 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro and post-mortem studies have reported the role of inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the association between inflammation and brain structure in vivo and the transcriptome-driven functional basis with relevance to neurodegenerative disorders remains elusive. The aim of the present study is to identify the association among inflammation, brain structure, and neurodegenerative disorders at genetic and transcriptomic levels. Genetic variants associated with inflammatory cytokines were selected from the latest and largest genome-wide association studies of European ancestry. Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and brain structure imaging measures were selected as the outcomes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to identify the causal associations. Single-nucleus transcriptome data of the occipitotemporal cortex was further analyzed to identify the differential expressed genes in AD, which were tested for biological processes and protein interaction network. MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted TREM2 and sTREM2 were significantly associated with AD (TREM2: z-score = -9.088, p-value = 1.02 × 10-19; sTREM2: z-score = -7.495, p-value = 6.61 × 10-14). The present study found no evidence to support the causal associations between other inflammatory cytokines and the risks of AD, PD, ALS, or DLB. Genetically predicted TREM2 was significantly associated with the cortical thickness of inferior temporal (z-score = -4.238, p-value = 2.26 × 10-5) and pole temporal (z-score = -4.549, p-value = 5.40 × 10-6). In the occipitotemporal cortex samples, microglia were the main source of TREM2 gene and showed increasing expression of genes associated with inflammation and immunity. The present study has leveraged genetic and transcriptomic data to identify the association among TREM2, temporal lobe, and AD and the underlying cellular and molecular basis, thus providing a new perspective on the role of TREM2 in AD and insights into the complex associations among inflammation, brain structure, and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shi Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Chen HC, Cao JX, Zhang YS, Ma YZ, Zhang L, Su XM, Gao LP, Jing YH. High salt diet exacerbates cognitive deficits and neurovascular abnormalities in APP/PS1 mice and induces AD-like changes in wild-type mice. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109570. [PMID: 38218348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High salt diet (HSD) is a risk factor of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although clinical data do not clearly indicate the relationship between HSD and the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), animal experiments have shown that HSD can cause hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and cognition impairment. However, whether HSD can accelerate the progression of AD by damaging the function of neurovascular unit (NVU) in the brain is unclear. Here, we fed APP/PS1 mice (an AD model) or wild-type mice with HSD and found that the chronic HSD feeding increased the activity of enzymes related to tau phosphorylation, which led to tau hyperphosphorylation in the brain. HSD also aggravated the deposition of Aβ42 in hippocampus and cortex in the APP/PS1 mice but not in the wild-type mice. Simultaneously, HSD caused the microglia proliferation, low expression of Aqp-4, and high expression of CD31 in the wild-type mice, which were accompanied with the loss of pericytes (PCs) and increase in blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. As a result, wild-type mice fed with HSD performed poorly in Morris Water Maze and object recognition test. In the APP/PS1 mice, HSD feeding for 8 months worsen the cognition and accompanied the loss of PCs, the activation of glia, the increase in BBB permeability, and the acceleration of calcification in the brain. Our data suggested that HSD feeding induced the AD-like pathology in wild-type mice and aggravated the development of AD-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice, which implicated the tau hyperphosphorylation and NVU dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Chao Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shu Zhang
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Zhang Ma
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Su
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Amir A, Shahid M, Farooq Khan S, Nisar U, Faizi S, Usman Simjee S. Nicotinic acid modulates microglial TREM-2 gene in Phytohaemagglutinin-Induced in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease like pathology. Brain Res 2024; 1824:148686. [PMID: 38008243 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial,neurodegenerative disorder linked withextracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques deposition and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Currently, no effective therapies are available to cure AD. Neuroinflammation isa well-known hallmark in the onset and advancement of AD and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2), a microglial gene, is responsible for regulating inflammatory responses and clearance of cellular debris. Loss of TREM-2functionincreases neuroinflammation associated expression of pro-inflammatory markersthus resultingin reduced clearance of Aβ that further aid in disease progression.Therefore, targeting neuroinflammation is a good therapeutic approach for AD. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of nicotinic acid (NA) in vitro model of AD-like pathology induced in F-98 cell line using Phytohemagglutinin (PHA). MTT assay was employed for checking the cell viability as well as the proliferation of the cells following treatment with NA. PHA at the concentration of 10 μg/mL produces maximum plaques. The neuroprotective effect of NA was next evaluated against PHA-induced plaques and it was observed that NA reverses the damages induced by PHA i.e., by inhibiting the clustering of the cells and replacing the damaged cells with the new ones. Further, NA also increased the expression of TREM-2/DAP-12 with parallel decreased in the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS. It also successfully altered disease associated ADAM-10 and BACE-1 compared to PHA control. These findings suggest that NA might be considered as a good therapeutic candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Amir
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maha Shahid
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sarosh Farooq Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Nisar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana Usman Simjee
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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16
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He Z, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Triptolide activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to improve Alzheimer disease. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:173-182. [PMID: 37624431 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with pathological features of accumulated amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and the significant inflammatory environment. These features modify the living microenvironment for nerve cells, causing the damage, dysfunction, and death. Progressive neuronal loss directly leads to cognitive decline in AD patients and is closely related to brain inflammation. Therefore, impairing inflammation via signaling pathways may facilitate either the prevention or delay of the degenerative process. Triptolide has been evidenced to possess potent anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we elaborate on two signaling pathways (the NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways) that are involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoting He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bupa Cromwell Hospital, Kensington, London, UK
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China.
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17
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Wu B, Chen M, Meng L, Tian Q, Dong Z. Osteoclasts Link Dysregulated Peripheral Degradation Processes and Accelerated Progression in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:773-785. [PMID: 38701149 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background The amyloid-β (Aβ) enhances the number and activity of blood monocyte-derived osteoclasts (OCs). Individuals with osteoporosis (OP) face an increased risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite this association, the contribution of bone-resorbing OCs to the progression of AD pathology remains unclear. Objective Our objective was to investigate the potential impacts of OCs on the development of AD pathology. Methods We conducted targeted analysis of publicly available whole blood transcriptomes from patients with AD to characterize the blood molecular signatures and pathways associated with hyperactive OCs. In addition, we used APP23 transgenic (APP23 TG) AD mouse model to assess the effects of OCs pharmacological blockade on AD pathology and behavior. Results Patients with AD exhibited increased osteoclastogenesis signature in their blood cells, which appears to be positively correlated with dysfunction of peripheral clearance of Aβ mediated by immune cells. Long-term anti-resorptive intervention with Alendronate inhibited OC activity in APP23 mice, leading to improvements in peripheral monocyte Aβ-degrading enzyme expression, Aβ-deposition, and memory decline. Conclusions Our findings suggest that OCs have a disease-promoting role in the development and progression of AD, possibly linked to their modulation of peripheral immunity. These findings guide future research to further elucidate the connection between OP and AD pathogenesis, highlighting the potential benefits of preventing OP in alleviating cognitive burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mulan Chen
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyun Tian
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Asamu MO, Oladipo OO, Abayomi OA, Adebayo AA. Alzheimer's disease: The role of T lymphocytes in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148589. [PMID: 37734576 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of progressive cognitive decline globally, has been reported to be enhanced by neuroinflammation. Brain-resident innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells work together to produce neuroinflammation. Studies over the past decade have established the neuroimmune axis present in Alzheimer's disease; the crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells within and outside the brain is crucial to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Although the role of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, it has been hypothesized that the brain's immune homeostasis is significantly disrupted, which greatly contributes to neuroinflammation. Brain-infiltrating T cells possess proinflammatory phenotypes and activities that directly contribute to neuroinflammation. The pro-inflammatory activities of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the upregulation of effector T cell activities and the downregulation of regulatory T cell activities in the brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. In this review, we discuss the major impact of T lymphocytes on the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the role and mechanism of action of T cells in Alzheimer's disease would significantly contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of the disease. This knowledge could also be crucial to the development of immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses O Asamu
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo O Oladipo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluseun A Abayomi
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Afeez A Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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19
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Nordengen K, Kirsebom BE, Richter G, Pålhaugen L, Gísladóttir B, Siafarikas N, Nakling A, Rongve A, Bråthen G, Grøntvedt GR, Gonzalez F, Waterloo K, Sharma K, Karikari T, Vromen EM, Tijms BM, Visser PJ, Selnes P, Kramberger MG, Winblad B, Blennow K, Fladby T. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid measurements show glial hypo- and hyperactivation in predementia Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:298. [PMID: 38093257 PMCID: PMC10720118 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain innate immune activation is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but degrees of activation may vary between disease stages. Thus, brain innate immune activation must be assessed in longitudinal clinical studies that include biomarker negative healthy controls and cases with established AD pathology. Here, we employ longitudinally sampled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core AD, immune activation and glial biomarkers to investigate early (predementia stage) innate immune activation levels and biomarker profiles. METHODS We included non-demented cases from a longitudinal observational cohort study, with CSF samples available at baseline (n = 535) and follow-up (n = 213), between 1 and 6 years from baseline (mean 2.8 years). We measured Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau181, and total-tau to determine Ab (A+), tau-tangle pathology (T+), and neurodegeneration (N+), respectively. We classified individuals into these groups: A-/T-/N-, A+/T-/N-, A+/T+ or N+, or A-/T+ or N+. Using linear and mixed linear regression, we compared levels of CSF sTREM2, YKL-40, clusterin, fractalkine, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1, IL-18, and IFN-γ both cross-sectionally and longitudinally between groups. A post hoc analysis was also performed to assess biomarker differences between cognitively healthy and impaired individuals in the A+/T+ or N+ group. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, CSF sTREM2, YKL-40, clusterin and fractalkine were higher only in groups with tau pathology, independent of amyloidosis (p < 0.001, A+/T+ or N+ and A-/T+ or N+, compared to A-/T-/N-). No significant group differences were observed for the cytokines CSF MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL18 or IFN-γ. Longitudinally, CSF YKL-40, fractalkine and IFN-γ were all significantly lower in stable A+/T-/N- cases (all p < 0.05). CSF sTREM2, YKL-40, clusterin, fractalkine (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.05) were all higher in T or N+, with or without amyloidosis at baseline, but remained stable over time. High CSF sTREM2 was associated with preserved cognitive function within the A+/T+ or N+ group, relative to the cognitively impaired with the same A/T/N biomarker profile (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Immune hypoactivation and reduced neuron-microglia communication are observed in isolated amyloidosis while activation and increased fractalkine accompanies tau pathology in predementia AD. Glial hypo- and hyperactivation through the predementia AD continuum suggests altered glial interaction with Ab and tau pathology, and may necessitate differential treatments, depending on the stage and patient-specific activation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Grit Richter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene Pålhaugen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Berglind Gísladóttir
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikias Siafarikas
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arne Nakling
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna, Haugesund, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kulbhushan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Eleonora M Vromen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milicia G Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Gil-Jaramillo N, Aristizábal-Pachón AF, Luque Aleman MA, González Gómez V, Escobar Hurtado HD, Girón Pinto LC, Jaime Camacho JS, Rojas-Cruz AF, González-Giraldo Y, Pinzón A, González J. Competing endogenous RNAs in human astrocytes: crosstalk and interacting networks in response to lipotoxicity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1195840. [PMID: 38027526 PMCID: PMC10679742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1195840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by a progressive deterioration of neuronal function, leading to motor and cognitive damage in patients. Astrocytes are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis, and their functional impairment is increasingly recognized as central to the etiology of various NDs. Such impairment can be induced by toxic insults with palmitic acid (PA), a common fatty acid, that disrupts autophagy, increases reactive oxygen species, and triggers inflammation. Although the effects of PA on astrocytes have been addressed, most aspects of the dynamics of this fatty acid remain unknown. Additionally, there is still no model that satisfactorily explains how astroglia goes from being neuroprotective to neurotoxic. Current incomplete knowledge needs to be improved by the growing field of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which is proven to be related to NDs, where the complexity of the interactions among these molecules and how they control other RNA expressions need to be addressed. In the present study, we present an extensive competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network using transcriptomic data from normal human astrocyte (NHA) cells exposed to PA lipotoxic conditions and experimentally validated data on ncRNA interaction. The obtained network contains 7 lncRNA transcripts, 38 miRNAs, and 239 mRNAs that showed enrichment in ND-related processes, such as fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis, FoxO and TGF-β signaling pathways, prion diseases, apoptosis, and immune-related pathways. In addition, the transcriptomic profile was used to propose 22 potential key controllers lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axes in ND mechanisms. The relevance of five of these axes was corroborated by the miRNA expression data obtained in other studies. MEG3 (ENST00000398461)/hsa-let-7d-5p/ATF6B axis showed importance in Parkinson's and late Alzheimer's diseases, while AC092687.3/hsa-let-7e-5p/[SREBF2, FNIP1, PMAIP1] and SDCBP2-AS1 (ENST00000446423)/hsa-miR-101-3p/MAPK6 axes are probably related to Alzheimer's disease development and pathology. The presented network and axes will help to understand the PA-induced mechanisms in astrocytes, leading to protection or injury in the CNS under lipotoxic conditions as part of the intricated cellular regulation influencing the pathology of different NDs. Furthermore, the five corroborated axes could be considered study targets for new pharmacologic treatments or as possible diagnostic molecules, contributing to improving the quality of life of millions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gil-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - María Alejandra Luque Aleman
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina González Gómez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hans Deyvy Escobar Hurtado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Camila Girón Pinto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Sebastian Jaime Camacho
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexis Felipe Rojas-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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21
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Jafarzadeh A, Sheikhi A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M. Differential roles of regulatory T cells in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104778. [PMID: 37907046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells interact with a variety of resident cells and infiltrated immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) to modulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition and secondary persistent inflammation due to activation of microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrated immune cells contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurodegeneration. The majority of evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of Treg cells in AD. In the early stages of AD, appropriate Treg cell activity is required for the induction of microglia and astrocyte phagocytic activity in order to clear A deposits and prevent neuroinflammation. Such neuroprotective impacts were in part attributed to the ability of Treg cells to suppress deleterious and/or boost beneficial functions of microglia/astrocytes. In the later stages of AD, an effective Treg cell activity needs to prevent neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Treg cells can exert preventive effects on Th1-, and Th17 cell-related pathologic responses, whilst potentiating Th2-mediated protective activity. The impaired Treg cell-related immunomodulatory mechanisms have been described in AD patients and in related animal models which can contribute to the onset and progression of AD. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive figure regarding the role of Treg cells in AD while highlighting potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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22
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Ni J, Wei M, Li T, Shi J. Peripheral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of YKL-40 in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1364. [PMID: 37891733 PMCID: PMC10605482 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is particularly complicated, and early diagnosis and course monitoring of the disease are not ideal based on the available core biomarkers. As a biomarker closely related to neuroinflammation, YKL-40 provides a potential scalable approach in AD, but its association remains controversial and inconclusive with AD. We conducted this study to assess the utility of YKL-40 levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients and healthy controls (HCs) by meta-analysis. We systematically searched and screened relevant trials for comparing YKL-40 levels between AD patients and HCs in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, with a search deadline of 14 March 2023 for each database. A total of 17 eligible and relevant studies involving 1811 subjects, including 949 AD patients and 862 HCs, were included. The results showed that YKL-40 levels in the peripheral blood of AD patients and HCs did not possess significant differences. Subgroup analysis showed YKL-40 significantly differed in plasma (SMD = 0.527, 95%CI: [0.302, 0.752]; p = 0.000), but did not in serum. In the case of comparison with HCs, YKL-40 was significantly higher in CSF of AD patients (SMD = 0.893, 95%CI: [0.665, 1.121]; p = 0.000). Besides that, when we performed a combined analysis of total YKL-40 in both peripheral blood and CSF, overall YKL-40 concentrations were also significantly increased among AD patients (SMD = 0.608, 95%CI: [0.272, 0.943]; p = 0.000). YKL-40 provides support and rationale for the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of AD. The significance of CSF levels of YKL-40 for early screening of AD is definite. Plasma levels of YKL-40 also appear to assist in discriminating AD patients from HCs, which facilitates early screening and monitoring of the natural course of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (J.N.); (M.W.); (T.L.)
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23
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Wang N, Yang X, Zhao Z, Liu D, Wang X, Tang H, Zhong C, Chen X, Chen W, Meng Q. Cooperation between neurovascular dysfunction and Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1227493. [PMID: 37654789 PMCID: PMC10466809 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1227493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis was once believed to represent the pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, with the failure of clinical drug development and the increasing understanding of the disease, the Aβ hypothesis has been challenged. Numerous recent investigations have demonstrated that the vascular system plays a significant role in the course of AD, with vascular damage occurring prior to the deposition of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The question of how Aβ relates to neurovascular function and which is the trigger for AD has recently come into sharp focus. In this review, we outline the various vascular dysfunctions associated with AD, including changes in vascular hemodynamics, vascular cell function, vascular coverage, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We reviewed the most recent findings about the complicated Aβ-neurovascular unit (NVU) interaction and highlighted its vital importance to understanding disease pathophysiology. Vascular defects may lead to Aβ deposition, neurotoxicity, glial cell activation, and metabolic dysfunction; In contrast, Aβ and oxidative stress can aggravate vascular damage, forming a vicious cycle loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chuyu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinzhang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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24
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Karkoska KA, Gollamudi J, Hyacinth HI. Molecular and environmental contributors to neurological complications in sickle cell disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1319-1332. [PMID: 37688519 PMCID: PMC10625341 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231187646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy in which affected hemoglobin polymerizes under hypoxic conditions resulting in red cell distortion and chronic hemolytic anemia. SCD affects millions of people worldwide, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Due to vaso-occlusion of sickled red cells within the microvasculature, SCD affects virtually every organ system and causes significant morbidity and early mortality. The neurological complications of SCD are particularly devastating and diverse, ranging from overt stroke to covert cerebral injury, including silent cerebral infarctions and blood vessel tortuosity. However, even individuals without evidence of neuroanatomical changes in brain imaging have evidence of cognitive deficits compared to matched healthy controls likely due to chronic cerebral hypoxemia and neuroinflammation. In this review, we first examined the biological contributors to SCD-related neurological complications and then discussed the equally important socioenvironmental contributors. We then discuss the evidence for neuroprotection from the two primary disease-modifying therapies, chronic monthly blood transfusions and hydroxyurea, and end with several experimental therapies designed to specifically target these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Karkoska
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0525, USA
| | - Jahnavi Gollamudi
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0525, USA
| | - Hyacinth I Hyacinth
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA
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25
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Chen Y, Yu Y. Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:165. [PMID: 37452321 PMCID: PMC10349496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) contributes to most cases of dementia. Its prominent neuropathological features are the extracellular neuritic plaques and intercellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, respectively. In the past few decades, disease-modifying therapy targeting Aβ has been the focus of AD drug development. Even though it is encouraging that two of these drugs have recently received accelerated US Food and Drug Administration approval for AD treatment, their efficacy or long-term safety is controversial. Tau has received increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target, since evidence indicates that tau pathology is more associated with cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, inflammation, especially neuroinflammation, accompanies AD pathological processes and is also linked to cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation has a complex and tight interplay with tau pathology. Here, we review recent evidence on the interaction between tau pathology, focusing on tau post-translational modification and dissemination, and neuroinflammatory responses, including glial cell activation and inflammatory signaling pathways. Then, we summarize the latest clinical trials targeting tau and neuroinflammation. Sustained and increased inflammatory responses in glial cells and neurons are pivotal cellular drivers and regulators of the exacerbation of tau pathology, which further contributes to its worsening by aggravating inflammatory responses. Unraveling the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between tau pathology and neuroinflammation will provide new insights into the discovery and clinical translation of therapeutic targets for AD and other tau-related diseases (tauopathies). Targeting multiple pathologies and precision therapy strategies will be the crucial direction for developing drugs for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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26
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Natale G, Kritikos M, Kuan PF, Carr MA, Yang X, Yang Y, Kotov R, Bromet EJ, Clouston SA, Luft BJ. Glial suppression and post-traumatic stress disorder: A cross-sectional study of 1,520 world trade center responders. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100631. [PMID: 37251545 PMCID: PMC10209702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronically re-experiencing the memory of a traumatic event might cause a glial response. This study examined whether glial activation would be associated with PTSD in a study of responders present after the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks without comorbid cerebrovascular disease. Methods Plasma was retrieved from 1,520 WTC responders and stored for a cross-sectional sample of responders of varying levels of exposure and PTSD. Plasma levels (pg/ml) of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assayed. Because stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases cause distributional shifts in GFAP levels, multivariable-adjusted finite mixture models analyzed GFAP distributions in responders with and without possible cerebrovascular disease. Results Responders were aged 56.3 years and primarily male; 11.07% (n = 154) had chronic PTSD. Older age was associated with increased GFAP, whereas higher body mass was associated with decreased GFAP. Multivariable-adjusted finite mixture models revealed that severe re-experiencing trauma from 9/11 was associated with lower GFAP (B = -0.558, p = 0.003). Conclusion This study presents evidence of reduced plasma GFAP levels among WTC responders with PTSD. Results suggest re-experiencing traumatic events might cause glial suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginny Natale
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Minos Kritikos
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Melissa A. Carr
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11725
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Yuan Yang
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Sean A.P. Clouston
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
| | - Benjamin J. Luft
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11725
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, 11794
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27
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Ramakrishna K, Nalla LV, Naresh D, Venkateswarlu K, Viswanadh MK, Nalluri BN, Chakravarthy G, Duguluri S, Singh P, Rai SN, Kumar A, Singh V, Singh SK. WNT-β Catenin Signaling as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspective. Diseases 2023; 11:89. [PMID: 37489441 PMCID: PMC10366863 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin (WβC) signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis from the embryonic developmental stages to adulthood. The canonical pathway of WβC signaling is essential for neurogenesis, cell proliferation, and neurogenesis, whereas the noncanonical pathway (WNT/Ca2+ and WNT/PCP) is responsible for cell polarity, calcium maintenance, and cell migration. Abnormal regulation of WβC signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Hence, the alteration of WβC signaling is considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. In the present review, we have used the bibliographical information from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to address the current prospects of WβC signaling role in the abovementioned neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakarla Ramakrishna
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Dumala Naresh
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Kojja Venkateswarlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, IIT BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Matte Kasi Viswanadh
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Buchi N Nalluri
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Guntupalli Chakravarthy
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Sajusha Duguluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathi Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Veer Singh
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Zhou F, Sun Y, Xie X, Zhao Y. Blood and CSF chemokines in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:107. [PMID: 37291639 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemokines, which are chemotactic inflammatory mediators involved in controlling the migration and residence of all immune cells, are closely associated with brain inflammation, recognized as one of the potential processes/mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment. We aim to determine the chemokines which are significantly altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as the respective effect sizes, by performing a meta-analysis of chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood (plasma or serum). METHODS We searched three databases (Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library) for studies regarding chemokines. The three pairwise comparisons were as follows: AD vs HC, MCI vs healthy controls (HC), and AD vs MCI. The fold-change was calculated using the ratio of mean (RoM) chemokine concentration for every study. Subgroup analyses were performed for exploring the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Of 2338 records identified from the databases, 61 articles comprising a total of 3937 patients with AD, 1459 with MCI, and 4434 healthy controls were included. The following chemokines were strongly associated with AD compared with HC: blood CXCL10 (RoM, 1.92, p = 0.039), blood CXCL9 (RoM, 1.78, p < 0.001), blood CCL27 (RoM, 1.34, p < 0.001), blood CCL15 (RoM, 1.29, p = 0.003), as well as CSF CCL2 (RoM, 1.19, p < 0.001). In the comparison of AD with MCI, there was significance for blood CXCL9 (RoM, 2.29, p < 0.001), blood CX3CL1 (RoM, 0.77, p = 0.017), and blood CCL1 (RoM, 1.37, p < 0.001). Of the chemokines tested, blood CX3CL1 (RoM, 2.02, p < 0.001) and CSF CCL2 (RoM, 1.16, p = 0.004) were significant for the comparison of MCI with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Chemokines CCL1, CCL2, CCL15, CCL27, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CX3CL1 might be most promising to serve as key molecular markers of cognitive impairment, although more cohort studies with larger populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futao Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China.
| | - Yangyan Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yushi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
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Zhou W, Zhou Y, Li J. Association between Cerebrospinal Fluid Soluble TREM2, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103589. [PMID: 37240695 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) is a potential biomarker and therapy target for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between CSF sTREM2 level and NDDs, and to reveal the dynamic changes in CSF sTREM2 level in Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for observational studies, which compared the levels of CSF sTREM2 between NDDs and controls. Sources of heterogeneity were analyzed using sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression. We assessed pooled data using a random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-two observational studies which included 5716 participates were identified. Compared with the controls, the whole AD continuum group showed a significant increase in CSF sTREM2 level (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.41, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.24, 0.58, p < 0.001). The mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group displayed the largest effect size (SMD, 0.49 [95% CI: 0.10, 0.88], p = 0.014), followed by the AD cohort (SMD, 0.40 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.63], p < 0.001). The increase in sTREM2 in the preclinical stage of AD (pre-AD) group was the lowest (SMD, 0.29 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.55], p = 0.031). Other NDDs also showed an increase in the CSF sTREM2 levels compared with control groups (SMD, 0.77 [95% CI: 0.37, 1.16], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The pooled data confirmed that NDDs are associated with increased CSF sTREM2 level, thereby suggesting the CSF sTREM2 as a potential dynamic biomarker and therapy target for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Hok-A-Hin YS, Del Campo M, Boiten WA, Stoops E, Vanhooren M, Lemstra AW, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE. Neuroinflammatory CSF biomarkers MIF, sTREM1, and sTREM2 show dynamic expression profiles in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:107. [PMID: 37147668 PMCID: PMC10163795 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for novel fluid biomarkers tracking neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our recent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics study revealed that migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM1) increased along the AD continuum. We aimed to assess the potential use of these proteins, in addition to sTREM2, as CSF biomarkers to monitor inflammatory processes in AD. METHODS We included cognitively unimpaired controls (n = 67, 63 ± 9 years, 24% females, all amyloid negative), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 92, 65 ± 7 years, 47% females, 65% amyloid positive), AD (n = 38, 67 ± 6 years, 8% females, all amyloid positive), and DLB (n = 50, 67 ± 6 years, 5% females, 54% amyloid positive). MIF, sTREM1, and sTREM2 levels were measured by validated immunoassays. Differences in protein levels between groups were tested with analysis of covariance (corrected for age and sex). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between these neuroinflammatory markers with AD-CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, tTau, pTau) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores. RESULTS MIF levels were increased in MCI (p < 0.01), AD (p < 0.05), and DLB (p > 0.05) compared to controls. Levels of sTREM1 were specifically increased in AD compared to controls (p < 0.01), MCI (p < 0.05), and DLB patients (p > 0.05), while sTREM2 levels were increased specifically in MCI compared to all other groups (all p < 0.001). Neuroinflammatory proteins were highly correlated with CSF pTau levels (MIF: all groups; sTREM1: MCI, AD and DLB; sTREM2: controls, MCI and DLB). Correlations with MMSE scores were observed in specific clinical groups (MIF in controls, sTREM1 in AD, and sTREM2 in DLB). CONCLUSION Inflammatory-related proteins show diverse expression profiles along different AD stages, with increased protein levels in the MCI stage (MIF and sTREM2) and AD stage (MIF and sTREM1). The associations of these inflammatory markers primarily with CSF pTau levels indicate an intertwined relationship between tau pathology and inflammation. These neuroinflammatory markers might be useful in clinical trials to capture dynamics in inflammatory responses or monitor drug-target engagement of inflammatory modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanaika S Hok-A-Hin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter A Boiten
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Afina W Lemstra
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, VU University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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D'Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Antonioli L, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Benvenuti L, D'Amati A, Errede M, Virgintino D, Fornai M, Bernardini N. Enteric Glia and Brain Astroglia: Complex Communication in Health and Disease along the Gut-Brain Axis. Neuroscientist 2023:10738584231163460. [PMID: 37052336 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231163460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have provided interesting evidence about the role of the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain in the onset and development of several pathologic conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), neurodegenerative diseases, and related comorbidities. Indeed, patients with IBD can experience neurologic disorders, including depression and cognitive impairment, besides typical intestinal symptoms. In parallel, patients with neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, are often characterized by the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders. In this context, enteric glial cells and brain astrocytes are emerging as pivotal players in the initiation/maintenance of neuroinflammatory responses, which appear to contribute to the alterations of intestinal and neurologic functions observed in patients with IBD and neurodegenerative disorders. The present review was conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the available knowledge on the morphologic, molecular, and functional changes occurring in the enteric glia and brain astroglia in IBDs and neurologic disorders. In addition, our intent is to identify whether such alterations could represent a common denominator involved in the onset of comorbidities associated with the aforementioned disorders. This might help to identify putative targets useful to develop novel pharmacologic approaches for the therapeutic management of such disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Amati
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Zhang W, Zhou X, Yin J, Zhao W, Huang C, Zhang C, Wan K, Li M, Zhu X, Sun Z. YKL-40 as a novel biomarker related to white matter damage and cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148318. [PMID: 36898474 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
YKL-40 is a novel neuroinflammatory marker associated with white matter damage and cognitive dysfunction. 110 CSVD patients, including 54 with mild cognitive impairment (CSVD-MCI), 56 with no cognitive impairment (CSVD-NCI), and 40 healthy controls (HCs) underwent multimodal magnetic resonance examination, serum YKL-40 level detection and cognitive function assessment to investigate the association between YKL-40 and white matter damage and cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients. White matter hyperintensities volume was calculated using the Wisconsin White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation Toolbox (W2MHS) for white matter macrostructural damage evaluation. For white matter microstructural damage evaluation, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) indices of the region of interest were analyzed based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) images using the Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) pipeline. The serum YKL-40 level of CSVD was significantly higher than those of HCs, and the CSVD-MCI was higher than in HCs and CSVD-NCI. Furthermore, serum YKL-40 provided high diagnostic accuracy for CSVD and CSVD-MCI. The macroscopic and microstructure of white matter in CSVD-NCI and CSVD-MCI patients indicated different degrees of damage. Disruption of white matter macroscopic and microstructure was significantly associated with YKL-40 levels and cognition deficits. Moreover, the white matter damage mediated the associations between the increased serum YKL-40 levels and cognitive impairment. Our findings demonstrated that YKL-40 might be a potential biomarker of white matter damage in CSVD, whereas white matter damage was associated with cognitive impairment. Serum YKL-40 measurement provides complementary information regarding the neural mechanism of CSVD and its associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiabin Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chaojuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ke Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhongwu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Bonomi CG, Assogna M, Di Donna MG, Bernocchi F, De Lucia V, Nuccetelli M, Fiorelli D, Loizzo S, Mercuri NB, Koch G, Martorana A, Motta C. Cerebrospinal Fluid sTREM-2, GFAP, and β-S100 in Symptomatic Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease: Microglial, Astrocytic, and APOE Contributions Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1385-1397. [PMID: 36911936 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many transversal mechanisms act synergistically at different time-points in the cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD), since amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau pathology, and neuroinflammation influence each other. OBJECTIVE We explored the contributions of microglia and astrocytes in patients with symptomatic sporadic AD stratified according to AT(N) system and APOE genotype. METHODS We compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sTREM-2 and markers of astrocytic activation (GFAP; β-S100) from 71 patients with AD (23 A+T-,48 A+T+; 38 APOEɛ3, 33 APOEɛ4) and 30 healthy controls (HC). With multivariate analyses we investigated associations between glial biomarkers, Aβ42, and p-tau in all subgroups. RESULTS CSF sTREM-2 was higher in A+T+ [1.437 (0.264)] and A+T- [1.355 (0.213)] than in HC [1.042 (0.198); both p < 0.001]; GFAP and β-S100 were comparable across groups. Considering all patients, sTREM-2 positively associated with Aβ 42 (p = 0.04) and p-tau (=0.016), with the first being present only in the A+T- subgroup (p = 0.023). GFAP positively associated with Aβ 42 in all patients (p = 0.020) and in the A+T+ subgroup (p = 0.04). Stratifying by APOE, a positive association of sTREM-2 and p-tau was confirmed selectively in carriers of ɛ4 (p = 0.018). Finally, sTREM-2 positively correlated with β-S100 in all subgroups, and with GFAP in A+T+ (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the increase of CSF sTREM-2 in AD, which associates with reduced amyloidopathy in A+T- patients. Moreover, microglial activation seems to increase CSF tau levels in carriers of APOEɛ4, is associated with astrocytic reactivity (GFAP) in A+T+, and likely leads the acquisition of a more neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype (β-S100).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Assogna
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Gaia Di Donna
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernocchi
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Lucia
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Fiorelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic and Ageing-Associated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Human Physiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Role of Tau in Various Tauopathies, Treatment Approaches, and Emerging Role of Nanotechnology in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1690-1720. [PMID: 36562884 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A few protein kinases and phosphatases regulate tau protein phosphorylation and an imbalance in their enzyme activity results in tau hyper-phosphorylation. Aberrant tau phosphorylation causes tau to dissociate from the microtubules and clump together in the cytosol to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which lead to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Hence, targeting hyperphosphorylated tau protein is a restorative approach for treating neurodegenerative tauopathies. The cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk5) and the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β) have both been implicated in aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation. The limited transport of drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for reaching the central nervous system (CNS) thus represents a significant problem in the development of drugs. Drug delivery systems based on nanocarriers help solve this problem. In this review, we discuss the tau protein, regulation of tau phosphorylation and abnormal hyperphosphorylation, drugs in use or under clinical trials, and treatment strategies for tauopathies based on the critical role of tau hyperphosphorylation in the pathogenesis of the disease. Pathology of neurodegenerative disease due to hyperphosphorylation and various therapeutic approaches including nanotechnology for its treatment.
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Masitinib for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3, clinical trial. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:39. [PMID: 36849969 PMCID: PMC9972756 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masitinib is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets activated cells of the neuroimmune system (mast cells and microglia). Study AB09004 evaluated masitinib as an adjunct to cholinesterase inhibitor and/or memantine in patients with mild-to-moderate dementia due to probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Study AB09004 was a randomized, double-blind, two parallel-group (four-arm), placebo-controlled trial. Patients aged ≥50 years, with clinical diagnosis of mild-to-moderate probable AD and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 12-25 were randomized (1:1) to receive masitinib 4.5 mg/kg/day (administered orally as two intakes) or placebo. A second, independent parallel group (distinct for statistical analysis and control arm), randomized patients (2:1) to masitinib at an initial dose of 4.5 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks that was then titrated to 6.0 mg/kg/day, or equivalent placebo. Multiple primary outcomes (each tested at a significance level of 2.5%) were least-squares mean change from baseline to week 24 in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), or the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory scale (ADCS-ADL). Safety for each masitinib dose level was compared against a pooled placebo population. RESULTS Masitinib (4.5 mg/kg/day) (n=182) showed significant benefit over placebo (n=176) according to the primary endpoint of ADAS-cog, -1.46 (95% CI [-2.46, -0.45]) (representing an overall improvement in cognition) versus 0.69 (95% CI [-0.36, 1.75]) (representing increased cognitive deterioration), respectively, with a significant between-group difference of -2.15 (97.5% CI [-3.48, -0.81]); p<0.001. For the ADCS-ADL primary endpoint, the between-group difference was 1.82 (97.5% CI [-0.15, 3.79]); p=0.038 (i.e., 1.01 (95% CI [-0.48, 2.50]) (representing an overall functional improvement) versus -0.81 (95% CI [-2.36, 0.74]) (representing increased functional deterioration), respectively). Safety was consistent with masitinib's known profile (maculo-papular rash, neutropenia, hypoalbuminemia). Efficacy results from the independent parallel group of titrated masitinib 6.0 mg/kg/day versus placebo (n=186 and 91 patients, respectively) were inconclusive and no new safety signal was observed. CONCLUSIONS Masitinib (4.5 mg/kg/day) may benefit people with mild-to-moderate AD. A confirmatory study has been initiated to substantiate these data. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT: 2010-021218-50. CLINICALTRIALS gov : NCT01872598.
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Arafah A, Khatoon S, Rasool I, Khan A, Rather MA, Abujabal KA, Faqih YAH, Rashid H, Rashid SM, Bilal Ahmad S, Alexiou A, Rehman MU. The Future of Precision Medicine in the Cure of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020335. [PMID: 36830872 PMCID: PMC9953731 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This decade has seen the beginning of ground-breaking conceptual shifts in the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which acknowledges risk elements and the evolving wide spectrum of complicated underlying pathophysiology among the range of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Significant improvements in diagnosis, treatments, and mitigation of AD are likely to result from the development and application of a comprehensive approach to precision medicine (PM), as is the case with several other diseases. This strategy will probably be based on the achievements made in more sophisticated research areas, including cancer. PM will require the direct integration of neurology, neuroscience, and psychiatry into a paradigm of the healthcare field that turns away from the isolated method. PM is biomarker-guided treatment at a systems level that incorporates findings of the thorough pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders as well as methodological developments. Comprehensive examination and categorization of interrelated and convergent disease processes, an explanation of the genomic and epigenetic drivers, a description of the spatial and temporal paths of natural history, biological markers, and risk markers, as well as aspects about the regulation, and the ethical, governmental, and sociocultural repercussions of findings at a subclinical level all require clarification and realistic execution. Advances toward a comprehensive systems-based approach to PM may finally usher in a new era of scientific and technical achievement that will help to end the complications of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.K.); (M.U.R.)
| | - Saima Khatoon
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iyman Rasool
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College (GMC-Srinagar), Karan Nagar, Srinagar 190010, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.K.); (M.U.R.)
| | - Mashoque Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Bryd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | | | - Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-K), Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Haidingergasse 29, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.K.); (M.U.R.)
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Wang M, Wei Z, Huang Q, Yang W, Wu C, Cao T, Zhao J, Lyu D, Wang F, Zhou N, Huang H, Zhang M, Chen Y, Xu Y, Ma W, Chen Z, Hong W. Prognostic prediction of subjective cognitive decline in major depressive disorder based on immune biomarkers: a prospective observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:54. [PMID: 36658505 PMCID: PMC9850523 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is highlighted in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which impairs objective cognitive performance and worsens the clinical outcomes. Immune dysregulation is supposed to be the potential mechanism of cognitive impairment. However, the peripheral immune biomarkers in patients troubled with MDD and SCD are not conventionally described. METHODS A prospective-observational study was conducted for 8 weeks. Subjective cognitive function was measured using the Chinese version of the 20-item perceived deficits questionnaire-depression (PDQ-D) and depression symptoms were evaluated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS-17). Luminex assays were used to measure 48 immune cytokines in plasma at baseline. Integrating these results and clinicopathological features, a logistic regression model was used to develop a prognostic prediction. RESULTS Totally, 114 patients were enrolled in this study. Among the patients who completed follow-up, 56% (N = 50) had residual subjective cognitive decline, and 44% (N = 50) did not. The plasma levels of FGF basic, INF-γ, IL-1β, MCP-1, M-CSF and SCF were increased and the levels of IL-9, RANTES and PDGF-BB were decreased in the SCD group. Additionally, Basic FGF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and SCF were positively correlated and IL-9, RANTES, and PDGF-BB were negatively correlated with the PDQ-D scores after treatment. Notably, combinations of cytokines (SCF and PDGF-BB) and PDQ-D scores at baseline showed good performance (The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.818) in the prediction of subjective cognitive decline. CONCLUSION A prognostic model based on protein concentrations of SCF, PDGF-BB, and scores of PDQ-D showed considerable accuracy in predicting residual subjective cognitive decline in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiti Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Zheyi Wei
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Qinte Huang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Weijie Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Tongdan Cao
- Shanghai Huangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Huangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Dongbin Lyu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Fan Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Ni Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Haijing Huang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Yiming Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Yi Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Weiliang Ma
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Zheng Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Wu Hong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 201108, China.
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Andronie-Cioara FL, Ardelean AI, Nistor-Cseppento CD, Jurcau A, Jurcau MC, Pascalau N, Marcu F. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031869. [PMID: 36768235 PMCID: PMC9915182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Aging associates with a chronic inflammatory state both in the periphery and in the central nervous system, the evidence thereof and the mechanisms leading to chronic neuroinflammation being discussed. Nonetheless, neuroinflammation is significantly enhanced by the accumulation of amyloid beta and accelerates the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various pathways discussed in the present review. Decades of clinical trials targeting the 2 abnormal proteins in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta and tau, led to many failures. As such, targeting neuroinflammation via different strategies could prove a valuable therapeutic strategy, although much research is still needed to identify the appropriate time window. Active research focusing on identifying early biomarkers could help translating these novel strategies from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Adriana Ioana Ardelean
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Delia Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.D.N.-C.); (N.P.)
| | - Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Nicoleta Pascalau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.D.N.-C.); (N.P.)
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Li S, Xiao J, Huang C, Sun J. Identification and validation of oxidative stress and immune-related hub genes in Alzheimer's disease through bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:657. [PMID: 36635346 PMCID: PMC9837191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in aged population. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Investigation of hub genes for the development of potential therapeutic targets and candidate biomarkers is warranted. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD were screened in GSE48350 dataset. The differentially expressed oxidative stress genes (DEOSGs) were analyzed by intersection of DEGs and oxidative stress-related genes. The immune-related DEOSGs and hub genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, respectively. Enrichment analysis was performed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The diagnostic value of hub genes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis and validated in GSE1297. The mRNA expression of diagnostic genes was determined by qRT-PCR analysis. Finally, we constructed the drug, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNA network of the diagnostic genes. A total of 1160 DEGs (259 up-regulated and 901 down-regulated) were screened in GSE48350. Among them 111 DEOSGs were identified in AD. Thereafter, we identified significant difference of infiltrated immune cells (effector memory CD8 T cell, activated B cell, memory B cell, natural killer cell, CD56 bright natural killer cell, natural killer T cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, and neutrophil) between AD and control samples. 27 gene modules were obtained through WGCNA and turquoise module was the most relevant module. We obtained 66 immune-related DEOSGs by intersecting turquoise module with the DEOSGs and identified 15 hub genes through PPI analysis. Among them, 9 hub genes (CCK, CNR1, GAD1, GAP43, NEFL, NPY, PENK, SST, and TAC1) were identified with good diagnostic values and verified in GSE1297. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the downregulation of SST, NPY, GAP43, CCK, and PENK and upregulation of NEFL in AD. Finally, we identified 76 therapeutic agents, 152 miRNAs targets, and 91 TFs regulatory networks. Our study identified 9 key genes associated with oxidative stress and immune reaction in AD pathogenesis. The findings may help to provide promising candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330000, China. .,Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Jinting Xiao
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250000 China
| | - Chuanjiang Huang
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250000 China ,grid.415002.20000 0004 1757 8108Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330000 China ,grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000 China
| | - Jikui Sun
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250000 China
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Vicente MC, Paneghini JL, Stabile AM, Amorim M, Anibal Silva CE, Patrone LGA, Cunha TM, Bícego KC, Almeida MC, Carrettiero DC, Gargaglioni LH. Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia with Minocycline Improves Cognitive and Sleep-Wake Dysfunction Under Respiratory Stress in a Sporadic Model for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:317-337. [PMID: 37522205 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can occur due to excessive activation of microglia in response to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Previously, we demonstrated an increased expression of this peptide in the locus coeruleus (LC) in a sporadic model for AD (streptozotocin, STZ; 2 mg/kg, ICV). We hypothesized that the STZ-AD model exhibits neuroinflammation, and treatment with an inhibitor of microglia (minocycline) can reverse the cognitive, respiratory, sleep, and molecular disorders of this model. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of minocycline treatment in STZ model disorders. METHODS We treated control and STZ-treated rats for five days with minocycline (30 mg/kg, IP) and evaluated cognitive performance, chemoreflex response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, and total sleep time. Additionally, quantification of Aβ, microglia analyses, and relative expression of cytokines in the LC were performed. RESULTS Minocycline treatment improved learning and memory, which was concomitant with a decrease in microglial cell density and re-establishment of morphological changes induced by STZ in the LC region. Minocycline did not reverse the STZ-induced increase in CO2 sensitivity during wakefulness. However, it restored the daytime sleep-wake cycle in STZ-treated animals to the same levels as those observed in control animals. In the LC, levels of A and expression of Il10, Il1b, and Mcp1 mRNA remained unaffected by minocycline, but we found a strong trend of minocycline effect on Tnf- α. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that minocycline effectively reduces microglial recruitment and the inflammatory morphological profile in the LC, while it recovers cognitive performance and restores the sleep-wake pattern impaired by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane C Vicente
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia L Paneghini
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelita M Stabile
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Amorim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Conceição E Anibal Silva
- Department of Pharmachology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo A Patrone
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmachology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Almeida
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Carrettiero
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Connolly K, Lehoux M, O’Rourke R, Assetta B, Erdemir GA, Elias JA, Lee CG, Huang YWA. Potential role of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:9-24. [PMID: 35234337 PMCID: PMC9437141 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) has long been known as a biomarker for early detection of neuroinflammation and disease diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brain, CHI3L1 is primarily provided by astrocytes and heralds the reactive, neurotoxic state triggered by inflammation and other stress signals. However, how CHI3L1 acts in neuroinflammation or how it contributes to AD and relevant neurodegenerative conditions remains unknown. In peripheral tissues, our group and others have uncovered that CHI3L1 is a master regulator for a wide range of injury and repair events, including the innate immunity pathway that resembles the neuroinflammation process governed by microglia and astrocytes. Based on assessment of current knowledge regarding CHI3L1 biology, we hypothesize that CHI3L1 functions as a signaling molecule mediating distinct neuroinflammatory responses in brain cells and misfunctions to precipitate neurodegeneration. We also recommend future research directions to validate such assertions for better understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Connolly
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Mikael Lehoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Ryan O’Rourke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University
| | - Benedetta Assetta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Guzide Ayse Erdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University
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Dorcet G, Benaiteau M, Pariente J, Ory‐Magne F, Cheuret E, Rafiq M, Brooks W, Puissant‐Lubrano B, Fortenfant F, Renaudineau Y, Bost C. Cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40 level evolution is associated with autoimmune encephalitis remission. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1439. [PMID: 36938371 PMCID: PMC10015376 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Because of its heterogeneity in clinical presentation and course, predicting autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) evolution remains challenging. Hence, our aim was to explore the correlation of several biomarkers with the clinical course of disease. Methods Thirty-seven cases of AIE were selected retrospectively and divided into active (N = 9), improved (N = 12) and remission (N = 16) AIE according to their disease evolution. Nine proteins were tested in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnosis (T0) and during the follow-up (T1), in particular activated MMP-9 (MMP-9A) and YKL-40 (or chitinase 3-like 1). Results From diagnosis to revaluation, AIE remission was associated with decreased YKL-40 and MMP-9A levels in the CSF, and with decreased NfL and NfH levels in the serum. The changes in YKL-40 concentrations in the CSF were associated with (1) still active AIE when increasing >10% (P-value = 0.0093); (2) partial improvement or remission when the changes were between +9% and -20% (P-value = 0.0173); and remission with a reduction > -20% (P-value = 0.0072; overall difference between the three groups: P-value = 0.0088). At T1, the CSF YKL-40 levels were significantly decreased between active and improved as well as improved and remission AIE groups but with no calculable threshold because of patient heterogeneity. Conclusion The concentration of YKL-40, a cytokine-like proinflammatory protein produced by glial cells, is correlated in the CSF with the clinical course of AIE. Its introduction as a biomarker may assist in following disease activity and in evaluating therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dorcet
- Département de NeurologieHôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Laboratoire d'ImmunologieInstitut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- INSERM, INFINITyToulouseFrance
| | - Marie Benaiteau
- Département de NeurologieHôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Département de NeurologieHôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- INSERM, ToNICToulouseFrance
| | - Fabienne Ory‐Magne
- Département de NeurologieHôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Emmanuel Cheuret
- Unité Pédiatrique Neuro‐céphaliqueHôpital des Enfants, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Marie Rafiq
- Département de NeurologieHôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- INSERM, ToNICToulouseFrance
| | - Wesley Brooks
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Bénédicte Puissant‐Lubrano
- Laboratoire d'ImmunologieInstitut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- INSERM, INFINITyToulouseFrance
| | - Françoise Fortenfant
- Laboratoire d'ImmunologieInstitut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratoire d'ImmunologieInstitut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- INSERM, INFINITyToulouseFrance
| | - Chloé Bost
- Laboratoire d'ImmunologieInstitut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- INSERM, INFINITyToulouseFrance
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He Y, Chen X, Wu M, Hou X, Zhou Z. What type of cell death occurs in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion? A review focusing on pyroptosis and its potential therapeutic implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1073511. [PMID: 36937182 PMCID: PMC10017988 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1073511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a major global disease with chronic cerebral blood flow reduction. It is also the main cause of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Pyroptosis, a novel form of cell death, is characterized by the rupture of the cell membrane and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have identified the involvement of pyroptosis and its mediated inflammatory response in the pathological process of CCH. Therefore, preventing the activation of pyroptosis following CCH is beneficial to inhibit the inflammatory cascade and reduce brain injury. In this review, we discuss the research progress on the relationship between pyroptosis and CCH, in order to provide a reference for research in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan He
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhua Hou Zhenhua Zhou
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhua Hou Zhenhua Zhou
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Wang T, Yao Y, Han C, Li T, Du W, Xue J, Han Y, Cai Y. MCP-1 levels in astrocyte-derived exosomes are changed in preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1119298. [PMID: 37021284 PMCID: PMC10067608 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults. There is accumulating evidence that inflammatory processes play a critical role in AD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory factors in plasma and astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) from plasma are differentially expressed in the early stages of AD and their potential role in pathological processes in the AD continuum. Method We included 39 normal controls (NCs), 43 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 43 participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI)/AD. IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in plasma and ADEs from plasma were evaluated using a commercial multiplex Luminex-based kit. Results Pairwise comparisons between the groups showed no significant differences in plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, or MCP-1. However, ADEs in the SCD group showed an increase in MCP-1 levels compared to the NC group. To differentiate the preclinical group, discriminant analysis was performed using sex, age, years of education, and genotype. This revealed a difference between the SCD and NC groups (area under the curve: 0.664). A Spearman correlation analysis of MCP-1 in plasma and ADEs showed no or weak correlation in the SCD (R = 0.150, p = 0.350) and aMCI/AD (R = 0.310, p = 0.041) groups, while a positive correlation in the NC group (R = 0.360, p = 0.026). Conclusion Plasma IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 levels were not significantly different. However, the concentration of MCP-1 in ADEs is slightly altered during the preclinical phase of AD, which could be a potential role of the central neuron system (CNS) immune response in the AD continuum. Clinical trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03370744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Yao
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Du
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Ying Han
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanning Cai
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Huang W, Xia Q, Zheng F, Zhao X, Ge F, Xiao J, Liu Z, Shen Y, Ye K, Wang D, Li Y. Microglia-Mediated Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S335-S354. [PMID: 36683511 PMCID: PMC10473143 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is involved in the pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The NVU is a structural and functional complex that maintains microenvironmental homeostasis and metabolic balance in the central nervous system. As one of the most important components of the NVU, microglia not only induce blood-brain barrier breakdown by promoting neuroinflammation, the infiltration of peripheral white blood cells and oxidative stress but also mediate neurovascular uncoupling by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, abnormal contraction of cerebral vessels, and pericyte loss in AD. In addition, microglia-mediated dysfunction of cellular components in the NVU, such as astrocytes and pericytes, can destroy the integrity of the NVU and lead to NVU impairment. Therefore, we review the mechanisms of microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD. Furthermore, existing therapeutic advancements aimed at restoring the function of microglia and the NVU in AD are discussed. Finally, we predict the role of pericytes in microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD is the hotspot in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fangliang Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiaying Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zijie Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ke Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Basic Medical Institute, Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Genetically Modified Animals, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanze Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Basic Medical Institute, Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Genetically Modified Animals, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Novoa C, Salazar P, Cisternas P, Gherardelli C, Vera-Salazar R, Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC. Inflammation context in Alzheimer's disease, a relationship intricate to define. Biol Res 2022; 55:39. [PMID: 36550479 PMCID: PMC9784299 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates. Importantly, Aβ and tau species are able to activate astrocytes and microglia, which release several proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), together with reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), triggering neuroinflammation. However, this inflammatory response has a dual function: it can play a protective role by increasing Aβ degradation and clearance, but it can also contribute to Aβ and tau overproduction and induce neurodegeneration and synaptic loss. Due to the significant role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD, several inflammatory mediators have been proposed as AD markers, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, Iba-1, GFAP, NF-κB, TLR2, and MHCII. Importantly, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as NSAIDs has emerged as a potential treatment against AD. Moreover, diseases related to systemic or local inflammation, including infections, cerebrovascular accidents, and obesity, have been proposed as risk factors for the development of AD. In the following review, we focus on key inflammatory processes associated with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Novoa
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Salazar
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- grid.499370.00000 0004 6481 8274Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Camila Gherardelli
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vera-Salazar
- grid.412179.80000 0001 2191 5013Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M. Zolezzi
- grid.442242.60000 0001 2287 1761Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O’Higgins 340, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442242.60000 0001 2287 1761Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Gao F, Zhang PF, Gao J, Song J, Chi S. The CCL2 rs4586 SNP Is Associated with Slower Amyloid-β Deposition and Faster Tau Accumulation of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1647-1657. [PMID: 36314210 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), the key immunomodulatory chemokine for microglial activation, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the association of CCL2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of AD is still controversial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether CCL2 rs4586 SNP is associated with the pathological changes and cognitive decline of AD. METHODS A total of 486 participants with longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) and phospho-tau (P-tau) biomarkers, 18F-Florbetapir and 18F-flortaucipir-positron emission tomography (PET), and cognitive assessments from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative were included in the study. The effects of CCL2 rs4586 SNP on the pathological changes and cognitive decline of AD were assessed with linear mixed-effects models and evaluated according to the Aβ-status so as to identify whether the effects were independent of Aβ status. RESULTS CCL2 rs4586-CC carriers exhibited a slower global Aβ-PET accumulation, particularly within stage I and stage II. However, they exhibited a faster accumulation of CSF P-tau and global tau-PET standard uptake value ratios, especially in Braak I and Braak III/IV and the inferior temporal gyrus. The congruent effects of CCL2 rs4586 on tau accumulation existed only in the Aβ-group, as is shown in global tau-PET and Braak I. However, CCL2 rs4586 was not associated with the cognitive decline. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the CCL2 rs4586-CC (versus TT/TC) genotype was associated with slower Aβ deposition and faster tau accumulation, and the latter of which was independent of Aβ status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hangzhou Juno Genomics Inc, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinghui Song
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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You M, Yuan P, Li L, Xu H. HIF-1 signalling pathway was identified as a potential new pathway for Icariin's treatment against Alzheimer's disease based on preclinical evidence and bioinformatics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1066819. [PMID: 36532735 PMCID: PMC9751333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1066819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function. Icariin, which is a natural chemical isolated from Epimedii herba, has been shown to protect against AD. This research examined the potential mechanisms of Icariin's treatment against AD via a comprehensive review of relevant preclinical studies coupled with network pharmacology. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP databases were used to identify the relevant studies. The pharmacological characteristics of Icariin were determined using the SwissADME and TCMSP databases. The overlapping targets of Icariin and AD were then utilized to conduct disease oncology (DO) analysis to identify possible hub targets of Icariin in the treatment of AD. The hub targets were then used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and the interactions of the targets and Icariin were assessed via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Results: According to the literature review, Icariin alleviates cognitive impairment by regulating the expression of Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, BACE1, tau, hyperphosphorylated tau, and inflammatory mediators. DO analysis revealed 35 AD-related hub targets, and the HIF-1 signalling pathway was ranked first according to the KEGG pathway analysis. Icariin effectively docked with the 35 hub targets and HIF-1α, and the dynamic binding of the HIF-1-Icariin complex within 100 ns indicated that Icariin contributed to the stability of HIF-1α. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research used a literature review and network pharmacology methods to identify the HIF-1 signalling pathway as a potential pathway for Icariin's treatment against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongbei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Sanchez-Sanchez JL, Giudici KV, Guyonnet S, Delrieu J, Li Y, Bateman RJ, Parini A, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P, Vellas B, Guyonnet S, Carrié I, Brigitte L, Faisant C, Lala F, Delrieu J, Villars H, Combrouze E, Badufle C, Zueras A, Andrieu S, Cantet C, Morin C, Van Kan GA, Dupuy C, Rolland Y, Caillaud C, Ousset PJ, Lala F, Willis S, Belleville S, Gilbert B, Fontaine F, Dartigues JF, Marcet I, Delva F, Foubert A, Cerda S, Marie-Noëlle-Cuffi, Costes C, Rouaud O, Manckoundia P, Quipourt V, Marilier S, Franon E, Bories L, Pader ML, Basset MF, Lapoujade B, Faure V, Tong MLY, Malick-Loiseau C, Cazaban-Campistron E, Desclaux F, Blatge C, Dantoine T, Laubarie-Mouret C, Saulnier I, Clément JP, Picat MA, Bernard-Bourzeix L, Willebois S, Désormais I, Cardinaud N, Bonnefoy M, Livet P, Rebaudet P, Gédéon C, Burdet C, Terracol F, Pesce A, Roth S, Chaillou S, Louchart S, Sudres K, Lebrun N, Barro-Belaygues N, Touchon J, Bennys K, Gabelle A, Romano A, Touati L, Marelli C, Pays C, Robert P, Le Duff F, Gervais C, Gonfrier S, Gasnier Y, Bordes S, Begorre D, Carpuat C, Khales K, Lefebvre JF, El Idrissi SM, Skolil P, Salles JP, Dufouil C, Lehéricy S, Chupin M, Mangin JF, Bouhayia A, Allard M, Ricolfi F, Dubois D, Martel MPB, Cotton F, Bonafé A, Chanalet S, Hugon F, Bonneville F, Cognard C, Chollet F, Payoux P, Voisin T, Peiffer S, Hitzel A, Zanca M, Monteil J, Darcourt J, Molinier L, Derumeaux H, Costa N, Perret B, Vinel C, Caspar-Bauguil S, Olivier-Abbal P, Coley N. Plasma MCP-1 and changes on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:5. [PMID: 34996522 PMCID: PMC8742409 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), a glial-derived chemokine, mediates neuroinflammation and may regulate memory outcomes among older adults. We aimed to explore the associations of plasma MCP-1 levels (alone and in combination with β-amyloid deposition—Aβ42/40) with overall and domain-specific cognitive evolution among older adults. Methods Secondary analyses including 1097 subjects (mean age = 75.3 years ± 4.4; 63.8% women) from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT). MCP-1 (higher is worse) and Aβ42/40 (lower is worse) were measured in plasma collected at year 1. MCP-1 in continuous and as a dichotomy (values in the highest quartile (MCP-1+)) were used, as well as a dichotomy of Aβ42/40. Outcomes were measured annually over 4 years and included the following: cognitive composite z-score (CCS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) sum of boxes (overall cognitive function); composite executive function z-score, composite attention z-score, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT - memory). Results Plasma MCP-1 as a continuous variable was associated with the worsening of episodic memory over 4 years of follow-up, specifically in measures of free and cued delayed recall. MCP-1+ was associated with worse evolution in the CCS (4-year between-group difference: β = −0.14, 95%CI = −0.26, −0.02) and the CDR sum of boxes (2-year: β = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.32). In domain-specific analyses, MCP-1+ was associated with declines in the FCSRT delayed recall sub-domains. In the presence of low Aβ42/40, MCP-1+ was not associated with greater declines in cognitive functions. The interaction with continuous biomarker values Aβ42/40× MCP-1 × time was significant in models with CDR sum of boxes and FCSRT DTR as dependent variables. Conclusions Baseline plasma MCP-1 levels were associated with longitudinal declines in overall cognitive and episodic memory performance in older adults over a 4-year follow-up. How plasma MCP-1 interacts with Aβ42/40 to determine cognitive decline at different stages of cognitive decline/dementia should be clarified by further research. The MCP-1 association on cognitive decline was strongest in those with amyloid plaques, as measured by blood plasma Aβ42/40. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00940-2.
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Li N, Deng M, Hu G, Li N, Yuan H, Zhou Y. New Insights into Microglial Mechanisms of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1722. [PMID: 36421736 PMCID: PMC9687453 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration characterized by the impairment of memory and cognition. Despite years of studies, no effective treatment and prevention strategies are available yet. Identifying new AD therapeutic targets is crucial for better elucidating the pathogenesis and establishing a valid treatment of AD. Growing evidence suggests that microglia play a critical role in AD. Microglia are resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), and their core properties supporting main biological functions include surveillance, phagocytosis, and the release of soluble factors. Activated microglia not only directly mediate the central immune response, but also participate in the pathological changes of AD, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation, synaptic dissection, neuron loss, memory function decline, etc. Based on these recent findings, we provide a new framework to summarize the role of microglia in AD memory impairment. This evidence suggests that microglia have the potential to become new targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingru Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gonghui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haicheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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