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Zanakhov TO, Galenko EE, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. Cyclocondensation of 2-(α-Diazoacyl)-2 H-azirines with Amidines in Diazo Synthesis of Functionalized Naphtho[1,2- d]imidazoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8641-8655. [PMID: 38847418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A diazo approach toward functionalized naphtho[1,2-d]imidazole derivatives has been developed. It involved a new reaction of arylamidines with 2-(α-diazoacyl)-2H-azirines giving 5-aryl-4-(α-diazoacyl)-1H-imidazoles under mild conditions in good yields. The mechanism of annulation of azirines with amidines is discussed based on DFT calculations. The reaction proceeds in an unusual manner by cleavage of the azirine C-C bond, allowing for the transfer of the aryl substituent from the arylamidine to the proper position of the key intermediate of naphtho[1,2-d]imidazole synthesis. Under thermolysis conditions, 5-aryl-4-(α-diazoacyl)-1H-imidazoles undergo Wolff rearrangement followed by the selective 6π-cyclization of transient ketene to form 3H-naphtho[1,2-d]imidazoles bearing various substituents in the positions 2,3,4,5,7,8,9. Additionally, variation of the substituents at position 5 of naphtho[1,2-d]imidazoles is possible through the formation of triflates and subsequent cross-coupling reactions. One more heterocyclic pharmacophoric skeleton, 3H-furo[3',2':3,4]naphtho[1,2-d]imidazole, was easily constructed from methyl 5-hydroxy-3H-naphtho[1,2-d]imidazole-4-carboxylates in a one-pot mode using O-alkylation with phenacyl bromides followed by base-induced intramolecular acyl substitution at room temperature with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Zanakhov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Galenko
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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2
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Costa JCS, Lobo Ferreira AIMC, Lima CFRA, Santos LMBF. The Cohesive Interactions in Phenylimidazoles. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4674-4684. [PMID: 38815182 PMCID: PMC11182350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive study exploring the thermodynamics of the solid phase of a series of phenylimidazoles, encompassing experimental measurements of heat capacity, volatility, and thermal behavior. The influence of successive phenyl group insertions on the imidazole ring on thermodynamic properties and supramolecular behavior was thoroughly examined through the evaluation of 2-phenylimidazole (2-PhI), 4-phenylimidazole (4-PhI), 4,5-diphenylimidazole (4,5-DPhI), and 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole (2,4,5-TPhI). Structural correlations between molecular structure and thermodynamic properties were established. Furthermore, the investigation employed UV-vis spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Additive effects arising from the introduction of phenyl groups were found through the analysis of the solid-liquid and solid-gas equilibria, as well as heat capacities. A good correlation emerged between the thermodynamic properties of sublimation and the molar volume of the unit cell, evident across 2-PhI, 4,5-DPhI, and 2,4,5-TPhI. In contrast to its isomer 2-PhI, 4-PhI exhibited greater cohesive energy due to the stronger N-H···N intermolecular interactions, leading to the disruption of coplanar geometry in the 4-PhI molecules. The observed higher entropies of phase transition (fusion and sublimation) are consistent with the higher structural order observed in the crystalline lattice of 4-PhI.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. S. Costa
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
| | - Ana I. M. C. Lobo Ferreira
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
| | - Carlos F. R. A.
C. Lima
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
| | - Luís M.
N. B. F. Santos
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular
Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto P4169-007, Portugal
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3
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Mahmoodi NO, Rajabi A, Nyaki HY, Nahzomi HT. Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Investigation of Antibacterial Properties of New Derivatives of 1-H-Phenanthro [9,10-d] Imidazole. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400325. [PMID: 38635369 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, several imidazole derivatives in one pot multicomponent reaction from various aldehydes 1(a-z), 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, or benzyl (2), and ammonium acetate (3) were synthesized in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH) under reflux conditions at 120 °C. Also, the photochromic properties of synthesized compounds were investigated in AcOH as a solvent under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 120 °C. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated. The structure of the products was confirmed using FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, and 13CNMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria was evaluated by the Well diffusion (WD) method, and the compounds 4 o showed significant results for both antibacterial activity. To gain insight into how these compounds interact with two types of targets, i. e., human topoisomerase II alpha (5GWK) and acetylcholinesterase (7AIX), binding calculations have been used that provide significant results for both targets and show that most ligands can effectively bind to cleft nucleotides. Interfere in the first one or be well placed in them. Hydrophobic pocket in the dimension, which can ultimately lead to high scores achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosrat O Mahmoodi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Anahita Rajabi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Yazdani Nyaki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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4
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Uvarova ES, Kutasevich AV, Lipatov ES, Pytskii IS, Raitman OA, Selivantev YM, Mityanov VS. Three-component cascade reaction of 3-ketonitriles, 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides, and aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4297-4308. [PMID: 38717323 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A three-component condensation of 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides, 3-ketonitriles, and aldehydes is described. The reaction proceeds via sequential Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition under mild, catalyst-free conditions with various substrates. Furthermore, the corresponding 2-functionalized imidazole N-oxides can be further dehydrated to (Z)-2-aroyl-3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-acrylonitriles, which may also be directly prepared by changing the reaction conditions as a cascade of Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition/dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Uvarova
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton V Kutasevich
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Egor S Lipatov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28/1, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College of Russian Academy of Sciences, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Pytskii
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31 bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg A Raitman
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuriy M Selivantev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Vitaly S Mityanov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
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5
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Shitov DA, Krutin DV, Tupikina EY. Mutual influence of non-covalent interactions formed by imidazole: A systematic quantum-chemical study. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1046-1060. [PMID: 38216334 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocycle that is part of a number of biologically important molecules such as the amino acid histidine and the hormone histamine. Imidazole has a unique ability to participate in a variety of non-covalent interactions involving the NH group, the pyridine-like nitrogen atom or the π-system. For many biologically active compounds containing the imidazole moiety, its participation in formation of hydrogen bond NH⋯O/N and following proton transfer is the key step of mechanism of their action. In this work a systematic study of the mutual influence of various paired combinations of non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds and π-interactions) involving the imidazole moiety was performed by means of quantum chemistry (PW6B95-GD3/def2-QZVPD) for a series of model systems constructed based on analysis of available x-ray data. It is shown that for considered complexes formation of additional non-covalent interactions can only enhance the proton-donating ability of imidazole. At the same time, its proton-accepting ability can be both enhanced and weakened, depending on what additional interactions are added to a given system. The mutual influence of non-covalent interactions involving imidazole can be classified as weak geometric and strong energetic cooperativity-a small change in the length of non-covalent interaction formed by imidazole can strongly influence its strength. The latter can be used to develop methods for controlling the rate and selectivity of chemical reactions involving the imidazole fragment in larger systems. It is shown that the strong mutual influence of non-covalent interactions involving imidazole is due to the unique ability of the imidazole ring to effectively redistribute electron density in non-covalently bound systems with its participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Shitov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Danil V Krutin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Tupikina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Osman NA, Soltan MK, Rezq S, Flaherty J, Romero DG, Abdelkhalek AS. Dual COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibition study of novel 4-arylidine-2-mercapto-1-phenyl-1H-imidazolidin-5(4H)-ones: Design, synthesis, docking, and anti-inflammatory activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300615. [PMID: 38315093 PMCID: PMC11073913 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Novel arylidene-5(4H)-imidazolone derivatives 4a-r were designed and evaluated as multidrug-directed ligands, that is, inflammatory, proinflammatory mediators, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors. All of the tested compounds showed cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitory effect more than celecoxib and less than indomethacin and also demonstrated an improved inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Compounds 4f, 4l, and 4p exhibited COX-2 selectivity comparable to that of celecoxib, while 4k was the most selective COX-2 inhibitor. Interestingly, the screened results showed that compound 4k exhibited a superior inhibition effect against 15-LOX and was found to be the most selective COX-2 inhibitor over celecoxib, whereas compound 4f showed promising COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibitory activities besides its inhibitory effect against ROS production and its lowering effect of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels by ∼80%. Moreover, compound 4f attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The preferred binding affinity of these molecules was confirmed by docking studies. We conclude that arylidene-5(4H)-imidazolone scaffolds provide promising hits for developing new synthons with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermine A. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. Soltan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Sultanate Oman
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joseph Flaherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Damian G. Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Abdelkhalek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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7
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Jacobs FJ, Helliwell JR, Brink A. Time-series analysis of rhenium(I) organometallic covalent binding to a model protein for drug development. IUCRJ 2024; 11:359-373. [PMID: 38639558 PMCID: PMC11067751 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Metal-based complexes with their unique chemical properties, including multiple oxidation states, radio-nuclear capabilities and various coordination geometries yield value as potential pharmaceuticals. Understanding the interactions between metals and biological systems will prove key for site-specific coordination of new metal-based lead compounds. This study merges the concepts of target coordination with fragment-based drug methodologies, supported by varying the anomalous scattering of rhenium along with infrared spectroscopy, and has identified rhenium metal sites bound covalently with two amino acid types within the model protein. A time-based series of lysozyme-rhenium-imidazole (HEWL-Re-Imi) crystals was analysed systematically over a span of 38 weeks. The main rhenium covalent coordination is observed at His15, Asp101 and Asp119. Weak (i.e. noncovalent) interactions are observed at other aspartic, asparagine, proline, tyrosine and tryptophan side chains. Detailed bond distance comparisons, including precision estimates, are reported, utilizing the diffraction precision index supplemented with small-molecule data from the Cambridge Structural Database. Key findings include changes in the protein structure induced at the rhenium metal binding site, not observed in similar metal-free structures. The binding sites are typically found along the solvent-channel-accessible protein surface. The three primary covalent metal binding sites are consistent throughout the time series, whereas binding to neighbouring amino acid residues changes through the time series. Co-crystallization was used, consistently yielding crystals four days after setup. After crystal formation, soaking of the compound into the crystal over 38 weeks is continued and explains these structural adjustments. It is the covalent bond stability at the three sites, their proximity to the solvent channel and the movement of residues to accommodate the metal that are important, and may prove useful for future radiopharmaceutical development including target modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois J.F. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - John R. Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Brink
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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8
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Wahan SK, Bhargava G, Chawla V, Chawla PA. Unlocking InhA: Novel approaches to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107250. [PMID: 38460337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to pose a health security risk and remains a public health emergency. Antimicrobial resistance result from treatment regimens that are both insufficient and incomplete leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and totally drug-resistant tuberculosis. The impact of tuberculosis on the people suffering from HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus infection) have resulted in the increased research efforts in designing and discovery of novel antitubercular drugs that may result in decreasing treatment duration, minimising the need for multiple drug intake, minimising cytotoxicity and enhancing the mechanism of action of drug. While many drugs are available to treat tuberculosis, a precise and timely cure is still absent. Consequently, further investigation is needed to identify more recent molecular equivalents that have the potential to swiftly remove this disease. Isoniazid (INH), a treatment for tuberculosis (TB), targets the enzyme InhA (mycobacterium enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase), the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, most common INH resistance is circumvented by InhA inhibitors that do not require KatG (catalase-peroxidase) activation, as a result, researchers are trying to work in the area of development of InhA inhibitors which could help in eradicating the era of tuberculosis from the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranpreet K Wahan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab 151203, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab 151203, India.
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9
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Purakkel U, Praveena G, Madabhushi VY, Jadav SS, Prakasham RS, Dasugari Varakala SG, Sriram D, Blanch EW, Maniam S. Thiazolotriazoles As Anti-infectives: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8846-8861. [PMID: 38434818 PMCID: PMC10905600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The rational design of novel thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole derivatives was carried out based on previously identified antitubercular hit molecule H127 for discovering potent compounds showing antimicrobial activity. The designed compounds were screened for their binding efficacies against the antibacterial drug target enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, followed by prediction of drug-likeness and ADME properties. The designed analogues were chemically synthesized, characterized by spectroscopic techniques, followed by evaluation of antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains, as well as antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis strains. Among the synthesized compounds, five compounds, 10, 11, 35, 37 and 38, revealed antimicrobial activity, albeit with differential potency against various microbial strains. Compounds 10 and 37 were the most active against S. mutans (MIC: 8 μg/mL), while compounds 11 and 37 showed the highest activity against B. subtillis (MIC: 16 μg/mL), whereas compounds 10, 11 and 37 displayed activities against E. coli (MIC: 16 μg/mL). Meanwhile, compounds 10 and 35 depicted activities against S. typhi (MIC: 16 μg/mL) and compound 10 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC: 32 μg/mL). The current study has identified two broad-spectrum antibacterial hit compounds (10 and 37). Further structural investigation on these molecules is underway to enhance their potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi
Kizhakke Purakkel
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ganji Praveena
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Valli Y. Madabhushi
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Reddy Shetty Prakasham
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
& Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Ewan W. Blanch
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Subashani Maniam
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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10
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Pathan SK, Shelar A, Deshmukh S, Kalam Khan FA, Ansari SA, Ansari IA, Patil RB, Arote R, Bhusnure O, Patil RH, Sangshetti JN. Exploring antibiofilm potential of some new imidazole analogs against C. albicans: synthesis, antifungal activity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38174407 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2296604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives were synthesized and their antibiofilm potential against Candida albicans was evaluated in vitro. Two of the synthesized derivatives 5e (IC50 = 25 µg/mL) and 5m (IC50 = 6 µg/mL),displayed better antifungal and antibiofilm potential than the standard drug Fluconazole (IC50 = 40 µg/mL) against C. albicans. Based on the in vitro results, we escalated the real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis to gain knowledge of the enzymes expressed in the generation and maintenance of biofilms and the mechanism of biofilm inhibition by the synthesized analogues. We then investigated the possible interactions of the synthesized compounds in inhibiting agglutinin-like proteins, namely Als3, Als4 and Als6 were prominently down-regulated using in-silico molecular docking analysis against the previously available crystal structure of Als3 and constructed structure of Als4 and Als6 using the SWISS-MODEL server. The stability and energy of the agglutinin-like proteins-ligand complexes were evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). According to the 100 ns MDS, all the compounds remained stable, formed a maximum of 3, and on average 2 hydrogen bonds, and Gibb's free energy landscape analysis suggested greater affinity of the compounds 5e and 5m toward Als4 protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahebaaz K Pathan
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, India
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Aamer Ansari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Rohidas Arote
- Center for Nano Materials and Science (CNMS), Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Omprakash Bhusnure
- Channabasweshwar Channabasweshwar Pharmacy College (Degree), Latur, India
| | - Rajendra H Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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11
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Periwal P, Verma V, Kumar D, Kumar A, Bhatia M, Thakur S, Parshad M. Novel azole-sulfonamide conjugates as potential antimicrobial candidates: synthesis and biological assessment. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:157-171. [PMID: 38205647 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Azole and sulfonamide molecular frameworks are endowed with potent antimicrobial activity. Materials & methods: A series of azole-sulfonamide conjugates were synthesized using click reaction of N-propargylated imidazole with azide of sulfonamide and its antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated. Results: The compounds 7c, 7i and 7r displayed promising antibacterial activities, better than the standards sulfonamide and norfloxacin. All molecules exhibited promising antifungal activity, more potent than fluconazole. Docking studies of the active conjugates signified the importance of hydrophobic interactions in hosting the molecules in the active site of dihydrofolate reductase. Conclusion: Azole-sulfonamide conjugates are more active than single sulfonamide moieties and 7c, 7i and 7r may prove valuable leads for further optimization as novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Periwal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Vikas Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Devinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Meenakshi Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry & Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mahavir Parshad
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
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12
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Kang H, Malik T, Daniels R. Isolation by multistep chromatography improves the consistency of secreted recombinant influenza neuraminidase antigens. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123975. [PMID: 38141291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protein-based approaches are ideally suited for producing vaccine antigens that are not overly abundant in viruses, such as influenza neuraminidase (NA). However, obtaining sufficient quantities of recombinant viral surface antigens remains challenging, often resulting in the use of chimeric proteins with affinity tags that can invariably impact the antigen's properties. Here, we developed multistep chromatography approaches for purifying secreted recombinant NA (rNA) antigens that are derived from recent H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and produced using insect cells. Analytical analyses showed that these isolation procedures yielded homogenous tetrameric rNA preparations with consistent specific activities that were not possible from a common immobilized metal affinity chromatography purification procedure. The use of classical chromatography improved the rNA tetramer homogeneity by removing the requirement of the N-terminal poly-histidine affinity tag that was shown to promote higher order rNA oligomer formation. In addition, these procedures reduced the specific activity variation by eliminating the exposure to Ni2+ ions and imidazole, with the latter showing pH and NA subtype dependent effects. Together, these results demonstrate that purification by multistep chromatography improves the homogeneity of secreted rNAs and eliminates the need for affinity tag-based approaches that can potentially alter the properties of these recombinant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeog Kang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tahir Malik
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Robert Daniels
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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13
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Hodyna D, Kovalishyn V, Kachaeva M, Shulha Y, Klipkov A, Shaitanova E, Kobzar O, Shablykin O, Metelytsia L. In Silico, in Vitro and in Vivo Study of Substituted Imidazolidinone Sulfonamides as Antibacterial Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301267. [PMID: 37943002 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
New substituted imidazolidinone sulfonamides have been developed using a rational drug design strategy. Predictive QSAR models for the search of new antibacterials were created using the OCHEM platform. Regression models were applied to verify a virtual chemical library of new imidazolidinone derivatives designed to have antibacterial activity. A number of substituted imidazolidinone sulfonamides as effective antibacterial agents were identified by QSAR prediction, synthesized and characterized by spectral and elemental, and tested in vitro. Six studied compounds have shown the highest in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus multidrug-resistant strains. The in vivo acute toxicity of these imidazolidinone sulfonamides based on the LC50 value ranged from 16.01 to 44.35 mg/L (slightly toxic compounds class). The results of molecular docking suggest that the antibacterial mechanism of the compounds can be associated with the inhibition of post-translational modification processes of bacterial peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hodyna
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalishyn
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Kachaeva
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Shulha
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Klipkov
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elena Shaitanova
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kobzar
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Metelytsia
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094, Academician Kukhar Str, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
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14
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Scharf A, Popescu CM, Dernegård H, Oja J, Ormondroyd G, Medved S, Sandberg D, Jones D. Particleboards Bonded by an Imidazole-Based Adhesive System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7201. [PMID: 38005130 PMCID: PMC10673158 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Particleboards with different combinations of the adhesive material imidazole, citric acid, and sorbitol were produced. Softwood sawdust from a Swedish sawmill was mixed with an aqueous solution of the chemicals and then dried to 0% moisture content prior to pressing. The boards were pressed to a target density of 700 kg m-3 at either 200 °C or 220 °C for 10 min. The hygroscopic and mechanical properties of the boards were clearly better at 220 °C than 200 °C for all used chemical combinations. A combination of imidazole (14.4 wt%) and citric acid (11.3 wt%) led to the best results, where the thickness swelling after 24 h of water immersion was 6.3% and the internal bonding strength was 0.57 MPa. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were 3.3 MPa and 1.1 GPa, respectively. Cyclic accelerated weathering showed exceptional stability with a thickness change after boiling and drying of only 2.1% compared to the initial dry thickness. This study indicates that the presence of imidazole leads to greatly improved hygroscopic properties and good internal bonding strength when used in particleboards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scharf
- Wood Science and Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-93187 Skellefteå, Sweden; (D.S.); (D.J.)
| | - Carmen-Mihaela Popescu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Johan Oja
- Norra Timber, Skeppargatan 1, SE-90403 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Graham Ormondroyd
- Biocomposites Centre, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Sergej Medved
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Dick Sandberg
- Wood Science and Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-93187 Skellefteå, Sweden; (D.S.); (D.J.)
| | - Dennis Jones
- Wood Science and Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-93187 Skellefteå, Sweden; (D.S.); (D.J.)
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15
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Aruchamy B, Kuruburu MG, Bovilla VR, Madhunapantula SV, Drago C, Benny S, Presanna AT, Ramani P. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Breast Cancer Potential of Imidazole-Pyridine Hybrid Molecules In Vitro and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Growth Inhibitory Activity Assessment In Vivo. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40287-40298. [PMID: 37929115 PMCID: PMC10620790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a challenging medical issue and is a high priority for biomedical research despite significant advancements in cancer research and therapy. The current study aims to determine the anticancer activity of a group of imidazole-pyridine-based scaffolds against a variety of breast cancer cell lines differing in their receptor expression (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2). A series of 10 molecules (coded 5a-5j) were synthesized through multicomponent and alkylation reactions. FTIR, MS, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral analyses confirmed the structures and purity of the synthesized molecules. Subsequently, these molecules were tested for their ability to inhibit the viability of cell lines representing carcinoma of the breast, viz., MDA-MB-468 (ER-, PR-, and HER-), BT-474 (ER+, PR+, and HER+), T-47D (ER+, PR+, and HER-), and MCF-7 (ER+, PR+, and HER-) in vitro. Among these 10 molecules, 5a, 5c, 5d, and 5e exhibited better potency, as evidenced by IC50 < 50 μM at 24 h of treatment against BT-474 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. However, except for 5d, the IC50 value is much higher than 50 μM when tested against T47D and MCF-7 cell lines at 24h. Extended treatment for 48 h reduced the effect of these molecules, as an increase in IC50 was observed. In mice, intraperitoneal administration of 5e retarded the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) growth without causing any organ toxicity at the doses tested. In summary, we report the synthesis scheme and key structural requirements for a new series of imidazole-pyridine molecules for in vitro inhibition of the feasibility of breast cancer cells and in vivo inhibition of EAC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri
Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center
of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE−AMGT),
Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Mahadevaswamy G. Kuruburu
- Center
of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR,
a DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (a DST-FIST
Supported Department), JSS Medical College,
JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Venugopal R. Bovilla
- Center
of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR,
a DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (a DST-FIST
Supported Department), JSS Medical College,
JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center
of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR,
a DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (a DST-FIST
Supported Department), JSS Medical College,
JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Sonu Benny
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Aneesh Thankappan Presanna
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri
Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center
of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE−AMGT),
Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
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16
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Rusu A, Moga IM, Uncu L, Hancu G. The Role of Five-Membered Heterocycles in the Molecular Structure of Antibacterial Drugs Used in Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2554. [PMID: 38004534 PMCID: PMC10675556 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-membered heterocycles are essential structural components in various antibacterial drugs; the physicochemical properties of a five-membered heterocycle can play a crucial role in determining the biological activity of an antibacterial drug. These properties can affect the drug's activity spectrum, potency, and pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Using scientific databases, we identified and discussed the antibacterials used in therapy, containing five-membered heterocycles in their molecular structure. The identified five-membered heterocycles used in antibacterial design contain one to four heteroatoms (nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur). Antibacterials containing five-membered heterocycles were discussed, highlighting the biological properties imprinted by the targeted heterocycle. In some antibacterials, heterocycles with five atoms are pharmacophores responsible for their specific antibacterial activity. As pharmacophores, these heterocycles help design new medicinal molecules, improving their potency and selectivity and comprehending the structure-activity relationship of antibiotics. Unfortunately, particular heterocycles can also affect the drug's potential toxicity. The review extensively presents the most successful five-atom heterocycles used to design antibacterial essential medicines. Understanding and optimizing the intrinsic characteristics of a five-membered heterocycle can help the development of antibacterial drugs with improved activity, pharmacokinetic profile, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Rusu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.-M.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Ioana-Maria Moga
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.-M.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Livia Uncu
- Scientific Center for Drug Research, “Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Bd. Stefan Cel Mare si Sfant 165, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.-M.M.); (G.H.)
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17
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Arafat M, Sakkal M, Bostanudin MF, Alhanbali OA, Yuvaraju P, Beiram R, Sadek B, Akour A, AbuRuz S. Enteric-coating film effect on the delayed drug release of pantoprazole gastro-resistant generic tablets. F1000Res 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 38596002 PMCID: PMC11002526 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140607.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Enteric coating films in acidic labile tablets protect the drug molecule from the acidic environment of the stomach. However, variations in the excipients used in the coating formulation may affect their ability to provide adequate protection. This study is the first to investigate the potential effects of coating materials on the protective functionality of enteric coating films for pantoprazole (PNZ) generic tablets after their recall from the market. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted between generic and branded PNZ products, using pure drug powder for identification. The in vitro release of the drug was evaluated in different pH media. The study also utilized various analytical and thermal techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and confocal Raman microscopy. Results: The in vitro assessment results revealed significant variations in the release profile for the generic product in acidic media at 120 min. DSC and TGA thermal profile analyses showed slight variation between the two products. XRD analysis exhibited a noticeable difference in peak intensity for the generic sample, while SEM revealed smaller particle sizes in the generic product. The obtained spectra profile for the generic product displayed significant variation in peaks and band intensity, possibly due to impurities. These findings suggest that the excipients used in the enteric coating film of the generic product may have affected its protective functionality, leading to premature drug release in acidic media. Additionally, the presence of polysorbate 80 (P-80) in the brand product might improve the properties of the enteric coating film due to its multi-functionality. Conclusions: In conclusion, the excipients used in the brand product demonstrated superior functionality in effectively protecting the drug molecule from acidic media through the enteric coating film, as compared to the generic version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Othman Abdulrahim Alhanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Amman Governorate, 11942, Jordan
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18
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Taghavi S, Abbasi Montazeri E, Zekavati R, Roomiani L, Saffarian P. Identification of a New Compound (4-Fluoro-2-Trifluoromethyl Imidazole) Extracted from a New Halophilic Bacillus aquimaris Strain Persiangulf TA2 Isolated from the Northern Persian Gulf with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Effect. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e3359. [PMID: 38269196 PMCID: PMC10804065 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2023.338788.3359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background The unique ecosystem of the Persian Gulf has made it a rich source of natural antimicrobial compounds produced by various microorganisms, especially bacteria, which can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, especially those of drug-resistant microbes. Objectives This study aimed to identify antimicrobial compounds in the bacteria isolated from the northern region of the Persian Gulf in Abadan (Chavibdeh port), Iran, for the first time. Materials and Methods Sampling was performed in the fall on November 15, 2019, from 10 different stations (water and sediment samples). The secondary metabolites of all isolates were extracted, and their antimicrobial effects were investigated. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing was used for the identification of the strains that showed the best inhibition against selected pathogens, and growth conditions were optimized for them. A fermentation medium in a volume of 5000 mL was prepared to produce the antimicrobial compound by the superior strain. The extracted antimicrobial compounds were identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the superior strain. The effects of salinity, pH, and temperature on the production of antimicrobial compounds were determined by measuring the inhibitory region (mm) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results Four new strains with antimicrobial properties (i.e., Halomonas sp. strain Persiangulf TA1, Bacillus aquimaris strain Persiangulf TA2, Salinicoccus roseus strain Persiangulf TA4, and Exiguobacterium profundum strain Persiangulf TA9) were identified. The optimum growth temperatures were determined at 37-30, 37, and 40 °C for TA1 and TA2, TA4, and TA9 strains, respectively. The optimum pH values for the four strains were 7, 6-7, 7.5, and 6.5-7.5, respectively. The optimal salt concentrations for the four strains were 15%, 2.5-5%, 7.5%, and 5%, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of strain Persiangulf TA2 showed extensive antimicrobial activity against human pathogens (75%) and MRSA. The most abundant compound identified in TA2 extract was the new compound 4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl imidazole. The MBC and MIC for the ethyl acetate extract of strain TA2 were 20 and 5 mg. mL-1 (Staphylococcus aureus), 40 and 20 mg. mL-1 (MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis), 40 and 10 mg. mL-1 Acinetobacter baumannii), and 80 and 40 mg. mL-1 (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Shigella sp., Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), respectively. The optimal conditions for antibiotic production by TA2 strain were 5% salt concentration, pH of 7, and temperature of 35 °C. Conclusion Newly detected natural compounds in TA2 strain due to superior antimicrobial activity even against MRSA strain can be clinically valuable in pharmacy and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Taghavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Zekavati
- Department of Biology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - laleh Roomiani
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Saffarian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Goel KK, Thapliyal S, Kharb R, Joshi G, Negi A, Kumar B. Imidazoles as Serotonin Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Depression: Structural Insights and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2208. [PMID: 37765177 PMCID: PMC10535231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotoninergic signaling is identified as a crucial player in psychiatric disorders (notably depression), presenting it as a significant therapeutic target for treating such conditions. Inhibitors of serotoninergic signaling (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)) are prominently selected as first-line therapy for the treatment of depression, which benefits via increasing low serotonin levels and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake and thereby increasing activity. While developing newer heterocyclic scaffolds to target/modulate the serotonergic systems, imidazole-bearing pharmacophores have emerged. The imidazole-derived pharmacophore already demonstrated unique structural characteristics and an electron-rich environment, ultimately resulting in a diverse range of bioactivities. Therefore, the current manuscript discloses such a specific modification and structural activity relationship (SAR) of attempted derivatization in terms of the serotonergic efficacy of the resultant inhibitor. We also featured a landscape of imidazole-based development, focusing on SAR studies against the serotoninergic system to target depression. This study covers the recent advancements in synthetic methodologies for imidazole derivatives and the development of new molecules having antidepressant activity via modulating serotonergic systems, along with their SAR studies. The focus of the study is to provide structural insights into imidazole-based derivatives as serotonergic system modulators for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Somesh Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
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20
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Zhuravlev A, Cruz A, Aksenov V, Golovanov A, Lluch JM, Kuhn H, González-Lafont À, Ivanov I. Different Structures-Similar Effect: Do Substituted 5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1 H-indoles and 5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1 H-imidazoles Represent a Common Pharmacophore for Substrate Selective Inhibition of Linoleate Oxygenase Activity of ALOX15? Molecules 2023; 28:5418. [PMID: 37513289 PMCID: PMC10383952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian 15-lipoxygenases (ALOX15) are lipid peroxidizing enzymes that exhibit variable functionality in different cancer and inflammation models. The pathophysiological role of linoleic acid- and arachidonic acid-derived ALOX15 metabolites rendered this enzyme a target for pharmacological research. Several indole and imidazole derivatives inhibit the catalytic activity of rabbit ALOX15 in a substrate-specific manner, but the molecular basis for this allosteric inhibition remains unclear. Here, we attempt to define a common pharmacophore, which is critical for this allosteric inhibition. We found that substituted imidazoles induce weaker inhibitory effects when compared with the indole derivatives. In silico docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations using a dimeric allosteric enzyme model, in which the inhibitor occupies the substrate-binding pocket of one monomer, whereas the substrate fatty acid is bound at the catalytic center of another monomer within the ALOX15 dimer, indicated that chemical modification of the core pharmacophore alters the enzyme-inhibitor interactions, inducing a reduced inhibitory potency. In our dimeric ALOX15 model, the structural differences induced by inhibitor binding are translated to the hydrophobic dimerization cluster and affect the structures of enzyme-substrate complexes. These data are of particular importance since substrate-specific inhibition may contribute to elucidation of the putative roles of ALOX15 metabolites derived from different polyunsaturated fatty acids in mammalian pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zhuravlev
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo pr. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vladislav Aksenov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo pr. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklihio-Maklaja Str., 16/10c4, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Golovanov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo pr. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin and Humboldt University Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo pr. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Babijczuk K, Warżajtis B, Starzyk J, Mrówczyńska L, Jasiewicz B, Rychlewska U. Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activity of Indole-Imidazole Complexes with ZnCl 2: Can Coordination Enhance the Functionality of Bioactive Ligands? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104132. [PMID: 37241873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the indole-imidazole hybrid ligands to coordinate with the Zn(II) ion and the resulting structures of this new class of coordination compounds were analyzed in order to determine their structural properties and biological functionalities. For this purpose, six novel Zn(II) complexes, [Zn(InIm)2Cl2] (1), [Zn(InMeIm)2Cl2] (2), [Zn(IniPrIm)2Cl2] (3), [Zn(InEtMeIm)2Cl2] (4), [Zn(InPhIm)2Cl2] (5) and [Zn2(InBzIm)2Cl2] (6) (where InIm is 3-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-indole), were synthesized by the reactions of ZnCl2 and the corresponding ligand in a 1:2 molar ratio in methanol solvent at an ambient temperature. The structural and spectral characterization of these complexes was performed using NMR, FT-IR and ESI-MS spectrometry and elemental analysis, and the crystal structures of 1-5 were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1-5 form polar supramolecular aggregates by utilizing, for this purpose, the N-H(indole)∙∙∙Cl(chloride) intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The assemblies thus formed differ depending on the distinctive molecular shape, which can be either compact or extended. All complexes were screened for their hemolytic, cytoprotective, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. The results show that the cytoprotective activity of the indole/imidazole ligand significantly increases upon its complexation with ZnCl2 up to a value comparable with the standard antioxidant Trolox, while the response of its substituted analogues is diverse and less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Babijczuk
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Starzyk
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Bioengineering, University of Life Science, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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22
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Bognanni N, Brisdelli F, Piccirilli A, Basile L, La Piana L, Di Bella S, Principe L, Vecchio G, Perilli M. New polyimidazole ligands against subclass B1 metallo-β-lactamases: Kinetic, microbiological, docking analysis. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112163. [PMID: 36842244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Beta-lactam antibiotics are one of the most commonly used drug classes in managing bacterial infections. However, their use is threatened by the alarming phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance, which represents a worldwide health concern. Given the continuous spread of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) producing pathogens, the need to discover broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors is increasingly growing. A series of zinc chelators have been synthesized and investigated for their ability to hamper the Zn-ion network of interactions in the active site of MBLs. We assessed the inhibitory activity of new polyimidazole ligands N,N'-bis((imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-ethylenediamine, N,N,N'-tris((imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-ethylenediamine, N,N,N,N'-tetra((imidazol-4-yl-methyl)-ethylenediamine toward three different subclasses B1 MBLs: VIM-1, NDM-1 and IMP-1 by in vitro assays. The activity of known zinc chelators such as 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaazacyclopentadecane, 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane and 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid was also assessed. Moreover, a molecular docking study was carried to gain insight into the interaction mode of the most active ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Bognanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Brisdelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Livia Basile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Luana La Piana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, "S. Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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23
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Li SR, Tan YM, Zhang L, Zhou CH. Comprehensive Insights into Medicinal Research on Imidazole-Based Supramolecular Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051348. [PMID: 37242590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The electron-rich five-membered aromatic aza-heterocyclic imidazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, is an important functional fragment widely present in a large number of biomolecules and medicinal drugs; its unique structure is beneficial to easily bind with various inorganic or organic ions and molecules through noncovalent interactions to form a variety of supramolecular complexes with broad medicinal potential, which is being paid an increasing amount of attention regarding more and more contributions to imidazole-based supramolecular complexes for possible medicinal application. This work gives systematical and comprehensive insights into medicinal research on imidazole-based supramolecular complexes, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory aspects as well as ion receptors, imaging agents, and pathologic probes. The new trend of the foreseeable research in the near future toward imidazole-based supramolecular medicinal chemistry is also prospected. It is hoped that this work provides beneficial help for the rational design of imidazole-based drug molecules and supramolecular medicinal agents and more effective diagnostic agents and pathological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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24
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Perrone S, Messa F, Troisi L, Salomone A. N-, O- and S-Heterocycles Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083459. [PMID: 37110694 PMCID: PMC10142562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of heterocycles is a fundamental area of organic chemistry that offers enormous potential for the discovery of new products with important applications in our daily life such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, dyes, and, more generally, engineered materials with innovative properties. As heterocyclic compounds find application across multiple industries and are prepared in very large quantities, the development of sustainable approaches for their synthesis has become a crucial objective for contemporary green chemistry committed to reducing the environmental impact of chemical processes. In this context, the present review focuses on the recent methodologies aimed at preparing N-, O- and S-heterocyclic compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents, a new class of ionic solvents that are non-volatile, non-toxic, easy to prepare, easy to recycle, and can be obtained from renewable sources. Emphasis has been placed on those processes that prioritize the recycling of catalyst and solvent, as they offer the dual benefit of promoting synthetic efficiency while demonstrating environmental responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Messa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigino Troisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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25
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Chaidali AG, Lykakis IN. Simple Synthetic Approach to N-(Pyridin-2-yl)imidates from Nitrostyrenes and 2-Aminopyridines via the N-(Pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as Intermediates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083321. [PMID: 37110555 PMCID: PMC10147006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile, green, synthetic protocol of several substituted N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates from nitrostyrenes and 2-aminopyridines via the corresponding N-(pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as intermediates is reported. The reaction process involved the in situ formation of the corresponding α-iminontriles under heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysis in the presence of Al2O3. Subsequently, α-iminonitriles were selectively transformed into the desired N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates under ambient conditions and in the presence of Cs2CO3 in alcoholic media. Under these conditions, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediols also led to the corresponding mono-substituted imidates at room temperature. The present synthetic protocol was also developed on one mmol scale, providing access to this important scaffold. A preliminary synthetic application of the present N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates was carried out for their facile conversion into the N-heterocycles 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine in the presence of the corresponding ethylenediamine and 1,3-diaminopropane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani G Chaidali
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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26
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Egbujor MC, Tucci P, Onyeije UC, Emeruwa CN, Saso L. NRF2 Activation by Nitrogen Heterocycles: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062751. [PMID: 36985723 PMCID: PMC10058096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several nitrogen heterocyclic analogues have been applied to clinical practice, and about 75% of drugs approved by the FDA contain at least a heterocyclic moiety. Thus, nitrogen heterocycles are beneficial scaffolds that occupy a central position in the development of new drugs. The fact that certain nitrogen heterocyclic compounds significantly activate the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway and upregulate the expression of NRF2-dependent genes, especially HO-1 and NQO1, underscores the need to study the roles and pharmacological effects of N-based heterocyclic moieties in NRF2 activation. Furthermore, nitrogen heterocycles exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. NRF2-activating molecules have been of tremendous research interest in recent times due to their therapeutic roles in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-mediated diseases. A comprehensive review of the NRF2-inducing activities of N-based heterocycles and their derivatives will broaden their therapeutic prospects in a wide range of diseases. Thus, the present review, as the first of its kind, provides an overview of the roles and effects of nitrogen heterocyclic moieties in the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway underpinning their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in several diseases, their pharmacological properties and structural-activity relationship are also discussed with the aim of making new discoveries that will stimulate innovative research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford C Egbujor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Nigeria
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Ugomma C Onyeije
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420007, Nigeria
| | - Chigbundu N Emeruwa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Nigeria
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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27
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Vinogradova EE, Alekseenko AL, Popkov SV, Kolotyrkina NG, Kravchenko AN, Gazieva GA. Synthesis and Evaluation on the Fungicidal Activity of S-Alkyl Substituted Thioglycolurils. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065756. [PMID: 36982829 PMCID: PMC10051383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of S-alkyl substituted thioglycolurils was prepared through the alkylation of corresponding thioglycolurils with halogenoalkanes and tested for their fungicidal activity against six phytopathogenic fungi from different taxonomic classes: Venturia inaequalis, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and two pathogenic yeasts: Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. A number of S-alkyl substituted thioglycolurils exhibited high activity against Venturia inaequalis and Rhizoctonia solani (85–100% mycelium growth inhibition), and moderate activity against other phytopathogens. S-Ethyl substituted thioglycolurils possessed a high activity against Candida albicans. Additionally, the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of promising derivatives were determined using human red blood cells and human embryonic kidney cells, respectively. Two S-ethyl derivatives possessed both low cytotoxicity against normal human cells and high fungicidal activity against Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina E. Vinogradova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna L. Alekseenko
- Faculty of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Preparations, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Sq., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Popkov
- Faculty of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Preparations, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Sq., Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Natalya G. Kolotyrkina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Angelina N. Kravchenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Galina A. Gazieva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence:
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28
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Dantas D, Ribeiro AI, Carvalho F, Gil-Martins E, Silva R, Remião F, Zille A, Cerqueira F, Pinto E, Dias AM. Red-shifted and pH-responsive imidazole-based azo dyes with potent antimicrobial activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2791-2794. [PMID: 36789540 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel route is described to obtain 2-aminoimidazole azo dyes with a unique substituent pattern in the heteroaryl unit that provides halochromic properties, exhibiting vibrant colours that change from magenta to deep blue. Potent antimicrobial properties against infectious yeasts were demonstrated. No cytotoxicity was detected for concentrations lower than 16 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dantas
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Ribeiro
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal. .,Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Eva Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto 4200-072, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto 4200-150, Portugal.,FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto 4249-004, Portugal.,CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Alice M Dias
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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29
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Chahat, Bhatia R, Kumar B. p53 as a potential target for treatment of cancer: A perspective on recent advancements in small molecules with structural insights and SAR studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115020. [PMID: 36543034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the world's biggest hazardous diseases. p53 is the uttermost researched tumour suppressor protein. It is commonly considered the "guardian of the genome," performing a critical function in genetic stability maintenance through controlling the cell cycle, programmed cell death, DNA repair, aging, and angiogenesis. The abnormalities in p53 lead to genetic instability and plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. The role of p53 in tumour suppression is emphasized in addition by the observation that primary silencing with this protein occurred in more than 50% of cancers. MDM2, p53, and the p53-MDM2 connections are well-known targets for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Moreover, in tumors with wild-type p53, their efficacy is decreased due to MDM2 enlargement or by the gradual decrease of MDM2 blocker ARF. As a result, improving p53 activity in cancerous cells provides a promising anticancer strategy. Various techniques are now being investigated, and addressing the p53-MDM2 interaction had also evolved as a potentially feasible strategy for contending with tumors. Both p53 and MDM2, interact via an autoregulation response signal: p53 activity induces MDM2 transcription, which in response interacts with p53's N-terminal transactivation domain, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. This article provides information on the current scenario of anti-tumor activities, with a particular emphasis on structure-activity relationship characteristics (SAR) against the p53-MDM2 to treat cancer. The primary purpose of this review is to cover recent advancements in the creation and testing of anticancer drugs that target the p53-MDM2 structure. This review contains different heterocyclic moieties which show significant results toward cancer. A mechanistic route is shown here, demonstrating both normal and malignant conditions via several stressed factors. Several compounds entered clinical trials as p53-MDM2 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
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30
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Poyraz S, Döndaş HA, Sansano JM, Belveren S, Yamali C, Ülger M, Döndaş NY, Sağlık BN, Pask CM. N-Benzoylthiourea-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid derivatives bearing an imidazole moiety: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, in vitro ChEs inhibition, and antituberculosis, antibacterial, antifungal studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Discovery of Bis-Imidazoline Derivatives as New CXCR4 Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031156. [PMID: 36770826 PMCID: PMC9920567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 regulate leukocyte trafficking, homeostasis and functions and are potential therapeutic targets in many diseases such as HIV-1 infection and cancers. Here, we identified new CXCR4 ligands in the CERMN chemical library using a FRET-based high-throughput screening assay. These are bis-imidazoline compounds comprising two imidazole rings linked by an alkyl chain. The molecules displace CXCL12 binding with submicromolar potencies, similarly to AMD3100, the only marketed CXCR4 ligand. They also inhibit anti-CXCR4 mAb 12G5 binding, CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis and HIV-1 infection. Further studies with newly synthesized derivatives pointed out to a role of alkyl chain length on the bis-imidazoline properties, with molecules with an even number of carbons equal to 8, 10 or 12 being the most potent. Interestingly, these differ in the functions of CXCR4 that they influence. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking predict that the alkyl chain folds in such a way that the two imidazole groups become lodged in the transmembrane binding cavity of CXCR4. Results also suggest that the alkyl chain length influences how the imidazole rings positions in the cavity. These results may provide a basis for the design of new CXCR4 antagonists targeting specific functions of the receptor.
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32
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Sui G. Preparation of 2D ZIF-L and Its Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:202. [PMID: 36616112 PMCID: PMC9824576 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excessively leached metal ions from traditional metallic antimicrobial nanoparticles are harmful to biological and human tissues. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) coordinating bioactive metal ions to organic bridging ligands can potentially address this issue, avoiding the excessive leaching of metal ions and simultaneously exhibiting high effective antibacterial activities. Here, we report the preparation of a 2-dimensional leaves-like zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-L) for potential antibacterial and anti-algae applications. The ZIF-L nanosheet exhibits complete inactivation of Escherichia coli (phosphate buffer saline: 4 h) and Bacillus subtilis (seawater: 0.5 h). The ZIF-L/epoxy composite has excellent antibacterial effect, poisoning effect and anti-adhesion effect on a variety of marine algae. It is worth noting that the removal rate (Escherichia coli) for ZIF/epoxy composite can be reached to 90.20% by only adding ZIF-L (0.25 wt%). This work will inspire researchers to develop more metal-organic frameworks materials for applications in the antibacterial and anti-algae fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guoxin Sui
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
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Kumari A, Singh RK. Synthesis, Drug-Likeness Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Moieties Fused Indole Derivatives as Potential Antioxidants. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:2077-2084. [PMID: 36593539 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230102111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole and its derivatives have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including analgesic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant, anti-helminthic, and anti-inflammatory properties. They are crucial structural components of many of today's powerful antioxidant medications. OBJECTIVE Using the Schotten-Baumann reaction, the indole ring was linked to other key heterocyclic moieties such as morpholine, imidazole, piperidine, and piperazine at the active 3rd position and then tested for antioxidant activity. METHODS Synthesis of derivatives was accomplished under appropriate conditions and characterized by IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and mass spectrum. Using the Swiss ADME online application, ADME properties were also determined. The in vitro antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and Reducing power method. RESULTS In the DPPH assay, compounds 5a (IC50=1.01±0.22 μg/mL), 5k (IC50=1.21 ± 0.07 μg/mL), whereas compounds 5a (EC50=23 ± 1.00 μg/mL), 5h (EC50=26±2.42 μg/mL) in the reducing power assay were most potent as compared with standard Ascorbic acid. Compounds 5a, 5h, and 5k demonstrated maximal potency equivalent to standard. Lipinski's rule was followed in ADME outcomes. CONCLUSION The synthesis and evaluation of indole derivatives to investigate their antioxidant action has received a lot of attention. These discoveries could lead to more effective antioxidant candidates being designed and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, Punjab, India
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126, Punjab, India
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Aruchamy B, Drago C, Russo V, Pitari GM, Ramani P, Aneesh TP, Benny S, Vishnu VR. Imidazole-pyridine hybrids as potent anti-cancer agents. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106323. [PMID: 36336277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the current investigation, fifteen novel imidazole-pyridine-based molecules were synthesized and tested against cell lines of the lung (H1299) and colon (HCT116) adenocarcinomas by proliferation assay. The results demonstrated that compounds 5a, 5d, 5e, and 5f were the most active (IC50<30 µM). Based on recent literature and the current results, the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) protein was investigated in-silico as a possible target. The molecular docking and QSAR revealed an excellent binding affinity of the selected imidazole-pyridine compounds to GSK-3β. Notably, GSK-3β protein levels were significantly upregulated in hepatocellular liver carcinoma (LIHCs) tissues and negatively affected patient prognosis. Consequently, the compounds were evaluated on liver cancer cell lines (HepG2, HUH-7, and PLC/PRF/5) by the MTT assay, and 5d showed the highest antitumor activity. This study offers new compounds with interesting biological activity on GSK-3β as a target, exhibiting a potential therapeutic impact for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Venera Russo
- Vera Salus Ricerca S.r.l., Via Sigmund Freud 62/B, 96100 Siracusa, Italy
| | | | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India.
| | - T P Aneesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Sonu Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - V R Vishnu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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35
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Burešová Z, Jandová V, Klikar M, Grygarová M, Bureš F. Construction of bi(hetero)aryls via dicyanopyrazine-mediated photochemical cross-coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9378-9384. [PMID: 36385305 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01836e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical cross-coupling protocol towards bi(hetero)aryls has been developed. The coupling reactions were mediated by dicyanopyrazine photoredox catalyst, while a photoinduced disproportionation process has been identified as an accompanying mechanism, especially for pyrrole derivatives. The developed method allows the cross-coupling of five-membered rings such as pyrrole, imidazole, thiazole and oxazole as well as various diazines (pyridine and pyrimidine) and benzene derivatives. A plausible mechanism of the reaction has also been disclosed. The practical application and relevance of the developed method were demonstrated by constructing an atorvastatin core or by the gradual functionalization of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole. In total, twenty-one bi(hetero)aryls were prepared in yields ranging from 19 to 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Burešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Jandová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Klikar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Grygarová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic.
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36
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Abdullah MN, Ali Y, Abd Hamid S. Insights into the structure and drug design of benzimidazole derivatives targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:921-934. [PMID: 34651438 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase overexpression could result in an unfavourable consequence of cancer progression in the body. A number of kinase inhibitor drugs targeting various cancer-related protein kinases have been developed and proven successful in clinical therapy. Benzimidazole is one of the most studied scaffolds in the search for effective anticancer drugs. The association of various functional groups and the structural design of the compounds may influence the binding towards the receptor. Despite numerous publications on the design, synthesis and biological assays of benzimidazole derivatives, their inhibitory activities against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), have not been specifically analysed. This review covers recent research reports on the anticancer activity of benzimidazole derivatives focusing on EGFR expression cell lines, based on their structure-activity relationship study. We believe it would aid researchers to envision the challenges and explore benzimidazole's potentials as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar'iyah Najihah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Yousaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shafida Abd Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Malaysia.,SYNTOF, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Malaysia
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37
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Synthesis, crystallographic, quantum chemical and molecular docking studies of 4-benzoyl-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-6H-chromeno[3,2-e]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-one. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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38
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Teixeira MM, Carvalho DT, Sousa E, Pinto E. New Antifungal Agents with Azole Moieties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1427. [PMID: 36422557 PMCID: PMC9698508 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal conditions affect a multitude of people worldwide, leading to increased hospitalization and mortality rates, and the need for novel antifungals is emerging with the rise of resistance and immunocompromised patients. Continuous use of azole drugs, which act by inhibiting the fungal CYP51, involved in the synthesis of ergosterol, essential to the fungal cell membrane, has enhanced the resistance and tolerance of some fungal strains to treatment, thereby limiting the arsenal of available drugs. The goal of this review is to gather literature information on new promising azole developments in clinical trials, with in vitro and in vivo results against fungal strains, and complementary assays, such as toxicity, susceptibility assays, docking studies, among others. Several molecules are reviewed as novel azole structures in clinical trials and with recent/imminent approvals, as well as other innovative molecules with promising antifungal activity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are displayed whenever possible. The azole moiety is brought over as a privileged structure, with multiple different compounds emerging with distinct pharmacophores and SAR. Particularly, 1,2,3-triazole natural product conjugates emerged in the last years, presenting promising antifungal activity and a broad spectrum against various fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Martins Teixeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Research in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37137-001, Brazil
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Vil’ VA, Grishin SS, Terent’ev AO. Electrochemically Induced Synthesis of Imidazoles from Vinyl Azides and Benzyl Amines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227721. [PMID: 36431821 PMCID: PMC9692461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically induced synthesis of imidazoles from vinyl azides and benzyl amines was developed. A wide range of imidazoles were obtained, with yields of 30 to 64%. The discovered transformation is a multistep process whose main steps include the generation of electrophilic iodine species, 2H-azirine formation from the vinyl azide, followed by its reactions with benzyl amine and with imine generated from benzyl amine. The cyclization and aromatization of the obtained intermediate lead to the target imidazole. The synthesis proceeds under constant current conditions in an undivided cell. Despite possible cathodic reduction of various unsaturated intermediates with C=N bonds, the efficient electrochemically induced synthesis of imidazoles was carried out.
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40
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Nunewar S, Kumar S, Meshram AW, Kanchupalli V. Ru(II)-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of 2-Arylbenzimidazoles with Iodonium Ylides: A Straightforward Access to Bridgehead Polycyclic N-Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13757-13762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiprasad Nunewar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - Akhilesh Waman Meshram
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
| | - Vinaykumar Kanchupalli
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
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41
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In silico Study of Conjugated Nitrogen Heterocycles Affinity in their Biological Complexes. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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42
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Yiğit M, Demir Y, Barut Celepci D, Taskin-Tok T, Arınç A, Yiğit B, Aygün M, Özdemir İ, Gülçin İ. Phthalimide-tethered imidazolium salts: Synthesis, characterization, enzyme inhibitory properties, and in silico studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200348. [PMID: 36153848 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of new imidazolium salts were prepared in good yield by the reaction between 1-alkylimidazole and a variety of alkyl halides. The structures of the compounds were identified by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of 1b was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The phthalimide-tethered imidazolium salts exhibited inhibition abilities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) I and II, with Ki values in the range of 24.63 ± 3.45 to 305.51 ± 35.98 nM for AChE, 33.56 ± 3.71 to 218.01 ± 25.21 nM for hCA I and 17.75 ± 0.96 to 308.67 ± 13.73 nM for hCA II. The results showed that the new imidazolium salts can play a key role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, and leukemia, which is related to their inhibition abilities of hCA I, hCA II, and AChE. Molecular docking and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies were used to look into how the imidazolium salts interacted with the specific protein targets. To better visualize and understand the binding positions and the influence of the imidazolium salts on hCA I, hCA II, and AChE conformations, each one was subjected to molecular docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Yiğit
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Adiyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Duygu Barut Celepci
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Taskin-Tok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ali Arınç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Adiyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Yiğit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Adiyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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43
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Solo P, Arockia doss M, Prasanna D. Designing and docking studies of imidazole-based drugs as potential inhibitors of myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Pedroso
de Lima F, Lence E, Suárez de Cepeda P, Correia C, Carvalho MA, González-Bello C, Proença MF. Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Aryl-5-cyano-1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1 H-imidazole-4-carboxamides Self-Assisted by a 2-Hydroxyaryl Group. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23289-23301. [PMID: 35847303 PMCID: PMC9280940 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the diaminomaleonitrile-based imines containing hydroxyphenyl substituents with diverse aromatic aldehydes has been explored for the synthesis of novel highly substituted nitrogen heterocycles, which are considered privileged scaffolds in drug discovery. We report here a simple and efficient method for the regiocontrolled synthesis of a variety of 2-aryl-5-cyano-1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamides from 2-hydroxybenzylidene imines and aromatic aldehydes. Computational studies on the reaction path revealed that the regioselectivity of the reaction toward the formation of imidazole derivatives instead of 1,2-dihydropyrazines, most likely via a diaza-Cope rearrangement, is driven by the 2-hydroxyaryl group in the scaffold. The latter group promotes the intramolecular abstraction and protonation process in the cycloadduct intermediate, triggering the evolution of the reaction toward the formation of imidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pedroso
de Lima
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Emilio Lence
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Suárez de Cepeda
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carla Correia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Alice Carvalho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Fernanda Proença
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Mahdy AR, Abu Ali OA, Serag WM, Fayad E, Elshaarawy RF, Gad EM. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes of imidazoles-based azo-functionalized Schiff bases. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Johari S, Halim SNA, Johan MR, Khaligh NG. Synthesis and characterization of 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl) butane dihydrate and 1,4-di(1H-2-methylimidazol-1-yl) butane tetrahydrate: A study of the methyl group effect on spectroscopic data, thermal properties, and the crystal structures. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Verma C, Quraishi M, Rhee K. Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity consideration of organic surfactant compounds: Effect of alkyl chain length on corrosion protection. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 306:102723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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48
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Andersen N, Veuthey T, Blanco MG, Silbestri GF, Rayes D, De Rosa MJ. 1-Mesityl-3-(3-Sulfonatopropyl) Imidazolium Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Delays Proteotoxicity in C. elegans. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908696. [PMID: 35685626 PMCID: PMC9171001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increase in life expectancy worldwide, age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have become more prevalent. Conventional treatments comprise drugs that only attenuate some of the symptoms, but fail to arrest or delay neuronal proteotoxicity that characterizes these diseases. Due to their diverse biological activities, imidazole rings are intensively explored as powerful scaffolds for the development of new bioactive molecules. By using C. elegans, our work aims to explore novel biological roles for these compounds. To this end, we have tested the in vivo anti-proteotoxic effects of imidazolium salts. Since NDs have been largely linked to impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms, we focused on 1-Mesityl-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl) imidazolium (MSI), one of the imidazolium salts that we identified as capable of improving iron-induced oxidative stress resistance in wild-type animals. By combining mutant and gene expression analysis we have determined that this protective effect depends on the activation of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor (HSF-1), whereas it is independent of other canonical cytoprotective molecules such as abnormal Dauer Formation-16 (DAF-16/FOXO) and Skinhead-1 (SKN-1/Nrf2). To delve deeper into the biological roles of MSI, we analyzed the impact of this compound on previously established C. elegans models of protein aggregation. We found that MSI ameliorates β-amyloid-induced paralysis in worms expressing the pathological protein involved in Alzheimer’s Disease. Moreover, this compound also delays age-related locomotion decline in other proteotoxic C. elegans models, suggesting a broad protective effect. Taken together, our results point to MSI as a promising anti-proteotoxic compound and provide proof of concept of the potential of imidazole derivatives in the development of novel therapies to retard age-related proteotoxic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andersen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) CCT UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Tania Veuthey
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) CCT UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Blanco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) CCT UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Fabian Silbestri
- Departamento de Química, INQUISUR, Universidad Nacional Del Sur, UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Diego Rayes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) CCT UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Diego Rayes, ; María José De Rosa,
| | - María José De Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) CCT UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Diego Rayes, ; María José De Rosa,
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Viability of Glioblastoma Cells and Fibroblasts in the Presence of Imidazole-Containing Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105834. [PMID: 35628643 PMCID: PMC9146156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) specifically attenuates tumor growth. Here, we ask whether other small imidazole-containing compounds also affect the viability of tumor cells without affecting non-malignant cells and whether the formation of histamine is involved. Patient-derived fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells were treated with carnosine, L-alanyl-L-histidine (LA-LH), β-alanyl-L-alanine, L-histidine, histamine, imidazole, β-alanine, and L-alanine. Cell viability was assessed by cell-based assays and microscopy. The intracellular release of L-histidine and formation of histamine was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Carnosine and LA-LH inhibited tumor cell growth with minor effects on fibroblasts, and L-histidine, histamine, and imidazole affected viability in both cell types. Compounds without the imidazole moiety did not diminish viability. In the presence of LA-LH but not in the presence of carnosine, a significant rise in intracellular amounts of histidine was detected in all cells. The formation of histamine was not detectable in the presence of carnosine, LA-LH, or histidine. In conclusion, the imidazole moiety of carnosine contributes to its anti-neoplastic effect, which is also seen in the presence of histidine and LA-LH. Despite the fact that histamine has a strong effect on cell viability, the formation of histamine is not responsible for the effects on the cell viability of carnosine, LA-LH, and histidine.
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Design, synthesis and biological studies of some new imidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrid derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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