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Pszczołowska M, Walczak K, Misków W, Antosz K, Batko J, Karska J, Leszek J. Molecular cross-talk between long COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:2885-2899. [PMID: 38393535 PMCID: PMC11009207 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The long COVID (coronavirus disease), a multisystemic condition following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is one of the widespread problems. Some of its symptoms affect the nervous system and resemble symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-a neurodegenerative condition caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. Multiple studies have found dependence between these two conditions. Patients with Alzheimer's disease have a greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to increased levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the infection itself promotes amyloid beta generation which enhances the risk of AD. Also, the molecular pathways are alike-misregulations in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, a deficit of Cq10, and disease-associated microglia. Medical imaging in both of these diseases shows a decrease in the volume of gray matter, global brain size reduction, and hypometabolism in the parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, and cingulate cortex. In some studies, a similar approach to applied medication can be seen, including the use of amino adamantanes and phenolic compounds of rosemary. The significance of these connections and their possible application in medical practice still needs further study but there is a possibility that they will help to better understand long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Walczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Misków
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Batko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Williamson JN, James SA, Mullen SP, Sutton BP, Wszalek T, Mulyana B, Mukli P, Yabluchanskiy A, Yang Y. Sex differences in interacting genetic and functional connectivity biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01151-x. [PMID: 38598069 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
As of 2023, it is estimated that 6.7 million individuals in the United States live with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prior research indicates that AD disproportionality affects females; females have a greater incidence rate, perform worse on a variety of neuropsychological tasks, and have greater total brain atrophy. Recent research shows that hippocampal functional connectivity differs by sex and may be related to the observed sex differences in AD, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 carriers have reduced hippocampal functional connectivity. The purpose of this study was to determine if the ApoE genotype plays a role in the observed sex differences in hippocampal functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. The resting state fMRI and T2 MRI of individuals with AD (n = 30, female = 15) and cognitively normal individuals (n = 30, female = 15) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were analyzed using the functional connectivity toolbox (CONN). Our results demonstrated intrahippocampal functional connectivity differed between those without an ε4 allele and those with at least one ε4 allele in each group. Additionally, intrahippocampal functional connectivity differed only by sex when Alzheimer's participants had at least one ε4 allele. These results improve our current understanding of the role of the interacting relationship between sex, ApoE genotype, and hippocampal function in AD. Understanding these biomarkers may aid in the development of sex-specific interventions for improved AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Williamson
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shirley A James
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sean P Mullen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Informatics Programs, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Center for Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tracey Wszalek
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Beni Mulyana
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yuan Yang
- Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Clinical Imaging Research Center, Stephenson Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Nasri A, Sghaier I, Neji A, Gharbi A, Abida Y, Mrabet S, Gargouri A, Djebara MB, Kacem I, Gouider R. Phenotypic Spectrum of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Clinical Study and Apolipoprotein E Effect. J Mov Disord 2024; 17:158-170. [PMID: 38290492 PMCID: PMC11082606 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder encompassing several phenotypes with various motor and cognitive deficits. We aimed to study motor and cognitive characteristics across PSP phenotypes and to assess the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants on PSP phenotypic expression. METHODS In this 20-year cross-sectional study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients classified as PSP patients and recategorized them according to phenotype using the Movement Disorder Society criteria (2017). Phenotypes were divided into three subgroups, Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), PSP-cortical (PSP with predominant frontal presentation [PSP-F] + PSP with predominant speech/language disorder [PSP-SL] + PSP with predominant corticobasal syndrome [PSP-CBS]) and PSP-subcortical (PSP with predominant parkinsonism [PSP-P] + PSP with progressive gait freezing [PSP-PGF] + PSP with predominant postural instability [PSP-PI] + PSP with predominant ocular motor dysfunction [PSP-OM] + PSP with cerebellar ataxia [PSP-C] + PSP with primary lateral sclerosis [PSP-PLS]), based on clinical presentation during the first 3 years after symptom onset, which defines the early disease stage. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment data were collected. Genotyping of APOE was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We included 112 PSP patients comprising 10 phenotypes classified into 48 PSP-RS, 34 PSP-cortical (PSP-CBS, 17.6%; PSP-F, 9.4%; PSP-SL, 8.2%) and 30 PSP-subcortical (PSP-P, 11.6%; PSP-PI, 8%; PSP-OM, 2.7%; PSP-PGF, 1.8%; PSP-C, 1.8%; PSP-PLS, 0.9%) subgroups. PSP-RS patients were older at disease onset (p = 0.009) and had more akinetic-rigid and levodopa-resistant parkinsonism (p = 0.006), while PSP-cortical patients had more tremors and asymmetric and/or levodopa-responsive parkinsonism (p = 0.025). Cognitive domains were significantly less altered in the PSP-subcortical subgroup. Overall, PSP-APOEε4 carriers developed parkinsonism earlier (p = 0.038), had earlier oculomotor dysfunction (p = 0.052) and had more altered cognitive profiles. The APOEε4 allele was also associated with a younger age of parkinsonism onset in the PSP-RS phenotype group (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the wide phenotypic spectrum of PSP among Tunisians. Disease onset and akinetic-rigid and levodopa-resistant parkinsonism were the hallmarks of the PSP-RS phenotype, while milder cognitive impairment was characteristic of the PSP-subcortical subgroup. The APOEε4 allele was associated with earlier parkinsonism and oculomotor dysfunction and seemed to play a role in defining a more altered cognitive profile in PSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nasri
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Sghaier
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Neji
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alya Gharbi
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Abida
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Mrabet
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Gargouri
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Djebara
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kacem
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Gouider
- Department of Neurology, LR18SP03, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) “Neurosciences and Mental Health”, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Guo X, Yu J, Wang R, Peng N, Li R. Deciphering the effect of phytosterols on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: the mediating role of lipid profiles. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:53. [PMID: 38461353 PMCID: PMC10924343 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that blood circulating phytosterols, plant-derived sterols analogous to cholesterol, were associated with blood lipid levels and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This Mendelian randomization (MR) study is performed to determine the causal effect of circulating phytosterols on AD and PD and evaluate the mediation effect of blood lipids. METHODS Leveraging genome-wide association studies summary-level data for phytosterols, blood lipids, AD, and PD, univariable and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were conducted. Four types of phytosterols (brassicasterol, campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol), three blood lipids parameters (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C, and triglyceride), two datasets for AD and PD were used. Inverse-variance weighted method was applied as the primary analysis, and false discovery rate method was used for adjustment of multiple comparisons. RESULTS Using the largest AD dataset, genetically proxied higher levels of stigmasterol (OR = 0.593, 95%CI = 0.431-0.817, P = 0.004) and sitosterol (OR = 0.864, 95%CI = 0.791-0.943, P = 0.004) significantly correlated with a lower risk of AD. No significant associations were observed between all four types of phytosterols levels and PD. MVMR estimates showed that the above causal associations were missing after integrating the blood lipids as exposures. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations, with no evidence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The study supports a potential beneficial role of blood stigmasterol and sitosterol in reducing the risk of AD, but not PD, which is dependent on modulating blood lipids. These insights highlight circulating stigmasterol and sitosterol as possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ning Peng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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5
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Nouraeinejad A. The bidirectional links between coronavirus disease 2019 and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38451045 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2327403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be a critical disease, particularly in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Patients with Alzheimer's disease are more vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences. The latest results have indicated some common risk factors for both diseases. An understanding of the pathological link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease will help develop timely strategies to treat both diseases. This review explores the bidirectional links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouraeinejad
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Singh S A, Ansari MN, M. Elossaily G, Vellapandian C, Prajapati B. Investigating the Potential Impact of Air Pollution on Alzheimer's Disease and the Utility of Multidimensional Imaging for Early Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8615-8631. [PMID: 38434844 PMCID: PMC10905749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pollution is ubiquitous, and much of it is anthropogenic in nature, which is a severe risk factor not only for respiratory infections or asthma sufferers but also for Alzheimer's disease, which has received a lot of attention recently. This Review aims to investigate the primary environmental risk factors and their profound impact on Alzheimer's disease. It underscores the pivotal role of multidimensional imaging in early disease identification and prevention. Conducting a comprehensive review, we delved into a plethora of literature sources available through esteemed databases, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. Our search strategy incorporated keywords such as "Alzheimer Disease", "Alzheimer's", "Dementia", "Oxidative Stress", and "Phytotherapy" in conjunction with "Criteria Pollutants", "Imaging", "Pathology", and "Particulate Matter". Alzheimer's disease is not only a result of complex biological factors but is exacerbated by the infiltration of airborne particles and gases that surreptitiously breach the nasal defenses to traverse the brain, akin to a Trojan horse. Various imaging modalities and noninvasive techniques have been harnessed to identify disease progression in its incipient stages. However, each imaging approach possesses inherent limitations, prompting exploration of a unified technique under a single umbrella. Multidimensional imaging stands as the linchpin for detecting and forestalling the relentless march of Alzheimer's disease. Given the intricate etiology of the condition, identifying a prospective candidate for Alzheimer's disease may take decades, rendering the development of a multimodal imaging technique an imperative. This research underscores the pressing need to recognize the chronic ramifications of invisible particulate matter and to advance our understanding of the insidious environmental factors that contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankul Singh S
- Department
of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department
of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Gozaria Highway, Mehsana, North Gujarat 384012, India
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Shah SN, Dounavi ME, Malhotra PA, Lawlor B, Naci L, Koychev I, Ritchie CW, Ritchie K, O’Brien JT. Dementia risk and thalamic nuclei volumetry in healthy midlife adults: the PREVENT Dementia study. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae046. [PMID: 38444908 PMCID: PMC10914447 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A reduction in the volume of the thalamus and its nuclei has been reported in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and asymptomatic individuals with risk factors for early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Some studies have reported thalamic atrophy to occur prior to hippocampal atrophy, suggesting thalamic pathology may be an early sign of cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate volumetric differences in thalamic nuclei in middle-aged, cognitively unimpaired people with respect to dementia family history and apolipoprotein ε4 allele carriership and the relationship with cognition. Seven hundred participants aged 40-59 years were recruited into the PREVENT Dementia study. Individuals were stratified according to dementia risk (approximately half with and without parental dementia history). The subnuclei of the thalamus of 645 participants were segmented on T1-weighted 3 T MRI scans using FreeSurfer 7.1.0. Thalamic nuclei were grouped into six regions: (i) anterior, (ii) lateral, (iii) ventral, (iv) intralaminar, (v) medial and (vi) posterior. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the computerized assessment of the information-processing battery. Robust linear regression was used to analyse differences in thalamic nuclei volumes and their association with cognitive performance, with age, sex, total intracranial volume and years of education as covariates and false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. We did not find significant volumetric differences in the thalamus or its subregions, which survived false discovery rate correction, with respect to first-degree family history of dementia or apolipoprotein ε4 allele status. Greater age was associated with smaller volumes of thalamic subregions, except for the medial thalamus, but only in those without a dementia family history. A larger volume of the mediodorsal medial nucleus (Pfalse discovery rate = 0.019) was associated with a faster processing speed in those without a dementia family history. Larger volumes of the thalamus (P = 0.016) and posterior thalamus (Pfalse discovery rate = 0.022) were associated with significantly worse performance in the immediate recall test in apolipoprotein ε4 allele carriers. We did not find significant volumetric differences in thalamic subregions in relation to dementia risk but did identify an interaction between dementia family history and age. Larger medial thalamic nuclei may exert a protective effect on cognitive performance in individuals without a dementia family history but have little effect on those with a dementia family history. Larger volumes of posterior thalamic nuclei were associated with worse recall in apolipoprotein ε4 carriers. Our results could represent initial dysregulation in the disease process; further study is needed with functional imaging and longitudinal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita N Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maria-Eleni Dounavi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paresh A Malhotra
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PX31, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 X9W9, Ireland
| | - Lorina Naci
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PX31, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 X9W9, Ireland
| | - Ivan Koychev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Institute de Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier 34093, France
| | - John T O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Breen C, Papale LA, Clark LR, Bergmann PE, Madrid A, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Keleş S, Alisch RS, Hogan KJ. Whole genome methylation sequencing in blood identifies extensive differential DNA methylation in late-onset dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1050-1062. [PMID: 37856321 PMCID: PMC10916976 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA microarray-based studies report differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in blood between late-onset dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively unimpaired individuals, but interrogate < 4% of the genome. METHODS We used whole genome methylation sequencing (WGMS) to quantify DNA methylation levels at 25,409,826 CpG loci in 281 blood samples from 108 AD and 173 cognitively unimpaired individuals. RESULTS WGMS identified 28,038 DMPs throughout the human methylome, including 2707 differentially methylated genes (e.g., SORCS3, GABA, and PICALM) encoding proteins in biological pathways relevant to AD such as synaptic membrane, cation channel complex, and glutamatergic synapse. One hundred seventy-three differentially methylated blood-specific enhancers interact with the promoters of 95 genes that are differentially expressed in blood from persons with and without AD. DISCUSSION WGMS identifies differentially methylated CpGs in known and newly detected genes and enhancers in blood from persons with and without AD. HIGHLIGHTS Whole genome DNA methylation levels were quantified in blood from persons with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty-eight thousand thirty-eight differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified. Two thousand seven hundred seven genes comprise DMPs. Forty-eight of 75 independent genetic risk loci for AD have DMPs. One thousand five hundred sixty-eight blood-specific enhancers comprise DMPs, 173 of which interact with the promoters of 95 genes that are differentially expressed in blood from persons with and without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Breen
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Wisconsin, Medical Sciences CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ligia A. Papale
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Phillip E. Bergmann
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Andy Madrid
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterWilliam S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Wisconsin, Medical Sciences CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Reid S. Alisch
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kirk J. Hogan
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Sarant JZ, Busby PA, Schembri AJ, Fowler C, Harris DC. ENHANCE: a comparative prospective longitudinal study of cognitive outcomes after 3 years of hearing aid use in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1302185. [PMID: 38356856 PMCID: PMC10864469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1302185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With an aging population, the prevalence of hearing loss and dementia are increasing rapidly. Hearing loss is currently considered the largest potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia. The effect of hearing interventions on cognitive function should therefore be investigated, as if effective, these may be successfully implemented to modify cognitive outcomes for older adults with hearing loss. Methods This prospective longitudinal observational cohort study compared outcomes of a convenience sample of prospectively recruited first-time hearing aid users without dementia from an audiology center with those of community-living older adults participating in a large prospective longitudinal cohort study with/without hearing loss and/or hearing aids. All participants were assessed at baseline, 18 months, and 36 months using the same measures. Results Participants were 160 audiology clinic patients (48.8% female patient; mean age 73.5 years) with mild-severe hearing loss, fitted with hearing aids at baseline, and 102 participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL) (55.9% female patient; mean age 74.5 years). 18- and 36-month outcomes of subsets of the first participants to reach these points and complete the cognition assessment to date are compared. Primary comparative analysis showed cognitive stability for the hearing aid group while the AIBL group declined on working memory, visual attention, and psychomotor function. There was a non-significant trend for decline in visual learning for the AIBL group versus no decline for the hearing aid group. The hearing aid group showed significant decline on only 1 subtest and at a significantly slower rate than for the AIBL participants (p < 0.05). When education effects on cognitive trajectory were controlled, the HA group still performed significantly better on visual attention and psychomotor function (lower educated participants only) compared to the AIBL group but not on working memory or visual learning. Physical activity had no effect on cognitive performance trajectory. Conclusion Hearing aid users demonstrated significantly better cognitive performance to 3 years post-fitting, suggesting that hearing intervention may delay cognitive decline/dementia onset in older adults. Further studies using appropriate measures of cognition, hearing, and device use, with longer follow-up, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Z. Sarant
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A. Busby
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C. Harris
- Department of Economics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Asiamah EA, Feng B, Guo R, Yaxing X, Du X, Liu X, Zhang J, Cui H, Ma J. The Contributions of the Endolysosomal Compartment and Autophagy to APOEɛ4 Allele-Mediated Increase in Alzheimer's Disease Risk. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1007-1031. [PMID: 38306054 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), although yet-to-be fully understood, increases the risk and lowers the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the major cause of dementia among elderly individuals. The endosome-lysosome and autophagy pathways, which are necessary for homeostasis in both neurons and glia, are dysregulated even in early AD. Nonetheless, the contributory roles of these pathways to developing AD-related pathologies in APOE4 individuals and models are unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the dysregulations in the endosome-lysosome and autophagy pathways in APOE4 individuals and non-human models, and how these anomalies contribute to developing AD-relevant pathologies. The available literature suggests that APOE4 causes endosomal enlargement, increases endosomal acidification, impairs endosomal recycling, and downregulates exosome production. APOE4 impairs autophagy initiation and inhibits basal autophagy and autophagy flux. APOE4 promotes lysosome formation and trafficking and causes ApoE to accumulate in lysosomes. APOE4-mediated changes in the endosome, autophagosome and lysosome could promote AD-related features including Aβ accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, glial dysfunction, lipid dyshomeostasis, and synaptic defects. ApoE4 protein could mediate APOE4-mediated endosome-lysosome-autophagy changes. ApoE4 impairs vesicle recycling and endosome trafficking, impairs the synthesis of autophagy genes, resists being dissociated from its receptors and degradation, and forms a stable folding intermediate that could disrupt lysosome structure. Drugs such as molecular correctors that target ApoE4 molecular structure and enhance autophagy may ameliorate the endosome-lysosome-autophagy-mediated increase in AD risk in APOE4 individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB UCC, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Baofeng Feng
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Ruiyun Guo
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Yaxing
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hebei Medical University-Galway University of Ireland Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Hebei, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hebei, China
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11
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Thompson LI, Cummings M, Emrani S, Libon DJ, Ang A, Karjadi C, Au R, Liu C. Digital Clock Drawing as an Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility Biomarker: Associations with Genetic Risk Score and APOE in Older Adults. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:79-87. [PMID: 38230720 PMCID: PMC10794851 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, but most people are not diagnosed until significant neuronal loss has likely occurred along with a decline in cognition. Non-invasive and cost-effective digital biomarkers for AD have the potential to improve early detection. OBJECTIVE We examined the validity of DCTclockTM (a digitized clock drawing task) as an AD susceptibility biomarker. DESIGN We used two primary independent variables, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carrier status and polygenic risk score (PRS). We examined APOE and PRS associations with DCTclockTM composite scores as dependent measures. SETTING We used existing data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), a community-based study with the largest dataset of digital clock drawing data to date. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 2,398 older adults ages 60-94 with DCTclockTM data (mean age of 72.3, 55% female and 92% White). MEASUREMENTS PRS was calculated using 38 variants identified in a recent large genome-wide association study (GWAS) and meta-analysis of late-onset AD (LOAD). RESULTS Results showed that DCTclockTM performance decreased with advancing age, lower education, and the presence of one or more copies of APOE ε4. Lower DCTclockTM Total Score as well as lower composite scores for Information Processing Speed (both command and copy conditions) and Drawing Efficiency (command condition) were significantly associated with higher PRS levels and more copies of APOE ε4. APOE and PRS associations displayed similar effect sizes in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that higher AD genetic risk is associated with poorer DCTclockTM performance in older adults without dementia. This is the first study to demonstrate significant differences in clock drawing performance on the basis of APOE status or PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Thompson
- Louisa Thompson, Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Address: 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906, USA. Phone: 401-455-6402. E-mail:
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12
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Jia Z, Wang Y, Li S, Yang M, Liu Z, Zhang H. MICDnet: Multimodal information processing networks for Crohn's disease diagnosis. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107790. [PMID: 38042104 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing incidence worldwide and unclear etiology. Its clinical manifestations vary depending on location, extent, and severity of the lesions. In order to diagnose Crohn's disease, medical professionals need to comprehensively analyze patients' multimodal examination data, which includes medical imaging such as colonoscopy, pathological, and text information from clinical records. The processes of multimodal data analysis require collaboration among medical professionals from different departments, which wastes a lot of time and human resources. Therefore, a multimodal medical assisted diagnosis system for Crohn's disease is particularly significant. Existing network frameworks find it hard to effectively capture multimodal patient data for diagnosis, and multimodal data for Crohn's disease is currently lacking. In addition,a combination of data from patients with similar symptoms could serve as an effective reference for disease diagnosis. Thus, we propose a multimodal information diagnosis network (MICDnet) to learn CD feature representations by integrating colonoscopy, pathology images and clinical texts. Specifically, MICDnet first preprocesses each modality data, then uses encoders to extract image and text features separately. After that, multimodal feature fusion is performed. Finally, CD classification and diagnosis are conducted based on the fused features. Under the authorization, we build a dataset of 136 hospitalized inspectors, with colonoscopy images of seven areas, pathology images, and clinical record text for each individual. Training MICDnet on this dataset shows that multimodal diagnosis can improve the diagnostic accuracy of CD, and the diagnostic performance of MICDnet is superior to other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Jia
- Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110169, China
| | - Yilu Wang
- Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110169, China
| | - Shengming Li
- Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110169, China
| | - Meiqi Yang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Huijing Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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13
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Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Basavaraju N, Kommaddi RP, Issac TG. Association between ApoE ε4 genotype and attentional function in non-demented, middle-aged, and older adults from rural India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2024; 15:117-125. [PMID: 38476424 PMCID: PMC10927062 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_272_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several genetic factors have been associated with cognitive decline in aging. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 has been widely studied in the risk for pathological cognitive decline, including dementia. However, the association between ApoE ε4 and cognitive functioning in the healthy aging Indian population has been understudied, and the results are ambiguous. Materials and Methods This study aims to examine the role of the ApoE genotype with attentional function in aging adults (≥45 years) in a rural Indian population. Cross-sectional (baseline) data (n = 2100) was utilized from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study on aging (Srinivaspura Aging, Neurosenescence, and Cognition study). Participants hailed from villages of Srinivaspura in Karnataka, southern India. Participants were categorized based on ApoE-ε4 status into three categories: No ε4, heterozygous ε4, and homozygous ε4. Attentional function was assessed using the auditory and visual attention subtests from a computerized neurocognitive test battery. Linear regression was performed adjusting for age, gender, and education. Results In model 1 (unadjusted), we did not find an association between ApoE and attention function. In the partially adjusted model 2 (adjusting for age), ApoE ε4 with age was significantly associated with the attention function. Further, with increasing age, there was a decline in attention among homozygous ε4 individuals. Model 3 (model 2 + gender) found that ApoE ε4, age, and gender explained a significant variance in attention function. In addition, with increasing age, males had poor attention in the homozygous as compared to heterozygous group. Model 4 (model 3+ education) explained a significant variance in attention and also revealed that with increasing age, attention declined in the illiterate and low literacy groups in both homozygous and heterozygous groups among both genders. Conclusion Although ApoE ε4 alone was not associated, it interacted with age, gender, and education to affect attention function in this rural Indian population. Longitudinal cognitive monitoring will yield insights into understanding whether the ApoE ε4 genotype influences the rate of cognitive decline in this rural, aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rai
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Nimisha Basavaraju
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reddy Peera Kommaddi
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas Gregor Issac
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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14
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Sleiman PM, Qu HQ, Connolly JJ, Mentch F, Pereira A, Lotufo PA, Tollman S, Choudhury A, Ramsay M, Kato N, Ozaki K, Mitsumori R, Jeon JP, Hong CH, Son SJ, Roh HW, Lee DG, Mukadam N, Foote IF, Marshall CR, Butterworth A, Prins BP, Glessner JT, Hakonarson H. Trans-ethnic genomic informed risk assessment for Alzheimer's disease: An International Hundred K+ Cohorts Consortium study. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5765-5772. [PMID: 37450379 PMCID: PMC10854406 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a collaboration model between the International HundredK+ Cohorts Consortium (IHCC) and the Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative (DAC), our aim was to develop a trans-ethnic genomic informed risk assessment (GIRA) algorithm for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The GIRA model was created to include polygenic risk score calculated from the AD genome-wide association study loci, the apolipoprotein E haplotypes, and non-genetic covariates including age, sex, and the first three principal components of population substructure. RESULTS We validated the performance of the GIRA model in different populations. The proteomic study in the participant sites identified proteins related to female infertility and autoimmune thyroiditis and associated with the risk scores of AD. CONCLUSIONS As the initial effort by the IHCC to leverage existing large-scale datasets in a collaborative setting with DAC, we developed a trans-ethnic GIRA for AD with the potential of identifying individuals at high risk of developing AD for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - John J Connolly
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Frank Mentch
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Alexandre Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Risa Mitsumori
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Jae-Pil Jeon
- Korea Biobank Project, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong-gi Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Isabelle F Foote
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Genes & Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Charles R Marshall
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Genes & Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Adam Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bram P Prins
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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15
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Guan Y, Cheng CH, Bellomo LI, Narain S, Bigornia SJ, Garelnabi MO, Scott T, Ordovás JM, Tucker KL, Bhadelia R, Koo BB. APOE4 allele-specific associations between diet, multimodal biomarkers, and cognition among Puerto Rican adults in Massachusetts. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1285333. [PMID: 38035273 PMCID: PMC10684694 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1285333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and the ε4 allele (APOE4) may interact with lifestyle factors that relate to brain structural changes, underlying the increased risk of AD. However, the exact role of APOE4 in mediating interactions between the peripheral circulatory system and the central nervous system, and how it may link to brain and cognitive aging requires further elucidation. In this analysis, we investigated the association between APOE4 carrier status and multimodal biomarkers (diet, blood markers, clinical diagnosis, brain structure, and cognition) in the context of gene-environment interactions. Methods Participants were older adults from a longitudinal observational study, the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS), who self-identified as of Puerto Rican descent. Demographics, APOE genotype, diet, blood, and clinical data were collected at baseline and at approximately 12th year, with the addition of multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1-weighted and diffusion) and cognitive testing acquired at 12-year. Measures were compared between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers, and associations between multimodal variables were examined using correlation and multivariate network analyses within each group. Results A total of 156 BPRHS participants (mean age at imaging = 68 years, 77% female, mean follow-up 12.7 years) with complete multimodal data were included in the current analysis. APOE4 carriers (n = 43) showed reduced medial temporal lobe (MTL) white matter (WM) microstructural integrity and lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score than non-carriers (n = 113). This pattern was consistent with an independent sample from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) of n = 283 non-Hispanic White adults without dementia (mean age = 75, 40% female). Within BPRHS, carriers showed distinct connectivity patterns between multimodal biomarkers, characterized by stronger direct network connections between baseline diet/blood markers with 12-year blood/clinical measures, and between blood markers (especially lipids and cytokines) and WM. Cardiovascular burden (i.e., hypertension and diabetes status) was associated with WM integrity for both carriers and non-carriers. Conclusion APOE4 carrier status affects interactions between dietary factors, multimodal blood biomarkers, and MTL WM integrity across ~12 years of follow-up, which may reflect increased peripheral-central systems crosstalk following blood-brain barrier breakdown in carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chia Hsin Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis I. Bellomo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sriman Narain
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sherman J. Bigornia
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Mahdi O. Garelnabi
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Tammy Scott
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
- Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Rafeeque Bhadelia
- Neuroradiology Section, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Harker SA, Al-Hassan L, Huentelman MJ, Braden BB, Lewis CR. APOE ε4-Allele in Middle-Aged and Older Autistic Adults: Associations with Verbal Learning and Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15988. [PMID: 37958971 PMCID: PMC10650864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability and recent evidence suggests that autistic adults are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (Alz) and other dementias compared to neurotypical (NT) adults. The ε4-allele of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alz and negatively impacts cognition in middle-aged and older (MA+) adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of the APOE ε4-allele on verbal learning and memory in MA+ autistic adults (ages 40-71 years) compared to matched NT adults. Using the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), we found that ε4 carriers performed worse on short-term memory and verbal learning across diagnosis groups, but there was no interaction with diagnosis. In exploratory analyses within sex and diagnosis groups, only autistic men carrying APOE ε4 showed worse verbal learning (p = 0.02), compared to autistic men who were not carriers. Finally, the APOE ε4-allele did not significantly affect long-term memory in this sample. These findings replicate previous work indicating that the APOE ε4-allele negatively impacts short-term memory and verbal learning in MA+ adults and presents new preliminary findings that MA+ autistic men may be vulnerable to the effects of APOE ε4 on verbal learning. Future work with a larger sample is needed to determine if autistic women may also be vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Harker
- School of Life Sciences and Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.A.-H.); (B.B.B.)
| | - Lamees Al-Hassan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.A.-H.); (B.B.B.)
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - B. Blair Braden
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.A.-H.); (B.B.B.)
| | - Candace R. Lewis
- School of Life Sciences and Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
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Balu D, Valencia-Olvera AC, Islam Z, Mielczarek C, Hansen A, Perez Ramos TM, York J, LaDu MJ, Tai LM. APOE genotype and sex modulate Alzheimer's disease pathology in aged EFAD transgenic mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1279343. [PMID: 38020764 PMCID: PMC10644540 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1279343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that age, APOE and sex interact to modulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, however the underlying pathways are unclear. One way that AD risk factors may modulate cognition is by impacting amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation as plaques, and/or neuroinflammation Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which age, APOE and sex modulate Aβ pathology, neuroinflammation and behavior in vivo. To achieve this goal, we utilized the EFAD mice, which express human APOE3 or APOE4 and have five familial AD mutations (FAD) that result in Aβ42 overproduction. We assessed Aβ levels, reactive glia and Morris water maze performance in 6-, 10-, 14-, and 18-month-old EFAD mice. Female APOE4 mice had the highest Aβ deposition, fibrillar amyloid deposits and neuroinflammation as well as earlier behavior deficits. Interestingly, we found that female APOE3 mice and male APOE4 mice had similar levels of pathology. Collectively our data support that the combination of APOE4 and female sex is the most detrimental combination for AD, and that at older ages, female sex may be equivalent to APOE4 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ana C. Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zarak Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clare Mielczarek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Allison Hansen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Tamara M. Perez Ramos
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- School of Medicine, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Jason York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leon M. Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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18
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Balu D, Valencia-Olvera AC, Nguyen A, Patnam M, York J, Peri F, Neumann F, LaDu MJ, Tai LM. A small-molecule TLR4 antagonist reduced neuroinflammation in female E4FAD mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:181. [PMID: 37858252 PMCID: PMC10585767 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE genotype is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3, an effect that is greater in females. Evidence suggests that one-way APOE could modulate AD risk and progression through neuroinflammation. Indeed, APOE4 is associated with higher glial activation and cytokine levels in AD patients and mice. Therefore, identifying pathways that contribute to APOE4-associated neuroinflammation is an important approach for understanding and treating AD. Human and in vivo evidence suggests that TLR4, one of the key receptors involved in the innate immune system, could be involved in APOE-modulated neuroinflammation. Consistent with that idea, we previously demonstrated that the TLR4 antagonist IAXO-101 can reduce LPS- and Aβ-induced cytokine secretion in APOE4 glial cultures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to advance these findings and determine whether IAXO-101 can modulate neuroinflammation, Aβ pathology, and behavior in mice that express APOE4. METHODS We used mice that express five familial AD mutations and human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). Female and male E4FAD mice and female E3FAD mice were treated with vehicle or IAXO-101 in two treatment paradigms: prevention from 4 to 6 months of age or reversal from 6 to 7 months of age. Learning and memory were assessed by modified Morris water maze. Aβ deposition, fibrillar amyloid deposition, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Soluble levels of Aβ and apoE, insoluble levels of apoE and Aβ, and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. RESULTS IAXO-101 treatment resulted in lower Iba-1 coverage, lower number of reactive microglia, and improved memory in female E4FAD mice in both prevention and reversal paradigms. IAXO-101-treated male E4FAD mice also had lower Iba-1 coverage and reactivity in the RVS paradigm, but there was no effect on behavior. There was also no effect of IAXO-101 treatment on neuroinflammation and behavior in female E3FAD mice. CONCLUSION Our data supports that TLR4 is a potential mechanistic therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation and cognition in APOE4 females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ana C Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Austin Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mehul Patnam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jason York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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19
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Sun YY, Wang Z, Huang HC. Roles of ApoE4 on the Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease and the Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3115-3136. [PMID: 37227619 PMCID: PMC10211310 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) allele, encoding ApoE4, is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Emerging epidemiological evidence indicated that ApoE4 contributes to AD through influencing β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and clearance. However, the molecular mechanisms of ApoE4 involved in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we introduced the structure and functions of ApoE isoforms, and then we reviewed the potential mechanisms of ApoE4 in the AD pathogenesis, including the effect of ApoE4 on Aβ pathology, and tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress; synaptic function, cholesterol transport, and mitochondrial dysfunction; sleep disturbances and cerebrovascular integrity in the AD brains. Furthermore, we discussed the available strategies for AD treatments that target to ApoE4. In general, this review overviews the potential roles of ApoE4 in the AD development and suggests some therapeutic approaches for AD. ApoE4 is genetic risk of AD. ApoE4 is involved in the AD pathogenesis. Aβ deposition, NFT, oxidative stress, abnormal cholesterol, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation could be observed in the brains with ApoE4. Targeting the interaction of ApoE4 with the AD pathology is available strategy for AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Development and Innovative Drug Research, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023 China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Development and Innovative Drug Research, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023 China
| | - Han-Chang Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Development and Innovative Drug Research, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023 China
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20
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Costa-Laparra I, Juárez-Escoto E, Vicario C, Moratalla R, García-Sanz P. APOE ε4 allele, along with G206D- PSEN1 mutation, alters mitochondrial networks and their degradation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1087072. [PMID: 37455931 PMCID: PMC10340123 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1087072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease remains the most common neurodegenerative disorder, depicted mainly by memory loss and the presence in the brain of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. This disease is related to several cellular alterations like the loss of synapses, neuronal death, disruption of lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial fragmentation, or raised oxidative stress. Notably, changes in the autophagic pathway have turned out to be a key factor in the early development of the disease. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of the APOE allele ε4 and G206D-PSEN1 on the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. Methods Fibroblasts from Alzheimer's patients with APOE 3/4 + G206D-PSEN1 mutation and homozygous APOE ε4 were used to study the effects of APOE polymorphism and PSEN1 mutation on the autophagy pathway, mitochondrial network fragmentation, superoxide anion levels, lysosome clustering, and p62/SQSTM1 levels. Results We observed that the APOE allele ε4 in homozygosis induces mitochondrial network fragmentation that correlates with an increased colocalization with p62/SQSTM1, probably due to an inefficient autophagy. Moreover, G206D-PSEN1 mutation causes an impairment of the integrity of mitochondrial networks, triggering high superoxide anion levels and thus making APOE 3/4 + PSEN1 fibroblasts more vulnerable to cell death induced by oxidative stress. Of note, PSEN1 mutation induces accumulation and clustering of lysosomes that, along with an increase of global p62/SQSTM1, could compromise lysosomal function and, ultimately, its degradation. Conclusion The findings suggest that all these modifications could eventually contribute to the neuronal degeneration that underlies the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Further research in this area may help to develop targeted therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Costa-Laparra
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Juárez-Escoto
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Stem Cells, Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Sanz
- Neurobiology of the Basal Ganglia Laboratory, Department of Functional Systems and Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Ratis RC, Dacoregio MI, Simão-Silva DP, Mateus RP, Machado LP, Bonini JS, da Silva WCFN. Confirmed Synergy Between the ɛ4 Allele of Apolipoprotein E and the Variant K of Butyrylcholinesterase as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:613-625. [PMID: 37483326 PMCID: PMC10357125 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) has several risk factors. APOE4 is the main one, and it has been suggested that there may be a synergy between it and BCHE-K as a risk factor. Objective To investigate the association between APOE4 and BCHE-K as a risk factor for AD. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus on August 8, 2021 for studies that analyzed the association of APOE4 and BCHE-K with AD. The random effect model was performed in meta-analysis according to age group. A chi-square was performed with the meta-analysis data to verify if the effect found is not associated only with the E4 allele. Results Twenty-one studies with 6,853 subjects (3,528 AD and 3,325 Controls) were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence is moderate. There is a positive E4-K association for subjects with AD as shown by the odds ratio of 3.43. The chi-square meta test, which measures the probability that the E4-K association is due to chance, has an odds ratio of 6.155, indicating that the E4-K association is not a random event. The odds ratio of an E4-K association in subjects with AD increases to OR 4.46 for the 65- to 75-year-old group and OR 4.15 for subjects older than 75 years. The probability that the E4-K association is due to chance is ruled out by chi-square meta test values of OR 8.638 and OR 9.558. Conclusion The synergy between APOE4 and BCHE-K is a risk factor for late-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan C. Ratis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Pharmacy, State University of the Midwest, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane P. Simão-Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation, State University of the Midwest, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rogério P. Mateus
- Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of the Midwest, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana P.B. Machado
- Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of the Midwest, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Bonini
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Pharmacy, State University of the Midwest, Paraná, Brazil
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22
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Verdi S, Rutherford S, Fraza C, Tosun D, Altmann A, Raket LL, Schott JM, Marquand AF, Cole JH. Personalising Alzheimer's Disease progression using brain atrophy markers. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.15.23291418. [PMID: 37398392 PMCID: PMC10312850 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.23291418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroanatomical normative modelling can capture individual variability in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We used neuroanatomical normative modelling to track individuals' disease progression in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with AD. METHODS Cortical thickness and subcortical volume neuroanatomical normative models were generated using healthy controls (n~58k). These models were used to calculate regional Z-scores in 4361 T1-weighted MRI time-series scans. Regions with Z-scores <-1.96 were classified as outliers and mapped on the brain, and also summarised by total outlier count (tOC). RESULTS Rate of change in tOC increased in AD and in people with MCI who converted to AD and correlated with multiple non-imaging markers. Moreover, a higher annual rate of change in tOC increased the risk of MCI progression to AD. Brain Z-score maps showed that the hippocampus had the highest rate of atrophy change. CONCLUSIONS Individual-level atrophy rates can be tracked by using regional outlier maps and tOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Verdi
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Saige Rutherford
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525EN, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6525EN, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Fraza
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525EN, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6525EN, the Netherlands
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andre Altmann
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lars Lau Raket
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andre F Marquand
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525EN, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6525EN, the Netherlands
| | - James H Cole
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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23
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Iverson GL, Castellani RJ, Cassidy JD, Schneider GM, Schneider KJ, Echemendia RJ, Bailes JE, Hayden KA, Koerte IK, Manley GT, McNamee M, Patricios JS, Tator CH, Cantu RC, Dvorak J. Examining later-in-life health risks associated with sport-related concussion and repetitive head impacts: a systematic review of case-control and cohort studies. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:810-821. [PMID: 37316187 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concern exists about possible problems with later-in-life brain health, such as cognitive impairment, mental health problems and neurological diseases, in former athletes. We examined the future risk for adverse health effects associated with sport-related concussion, or exposure to repetitive head impacts, in former athletes. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus in October 2019 and updated in March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies measuring future risk (cohort studies) or approximating that risk (case-control studies). RESULTS Ten studies of former amateur athletes and 18 studies of former professional athletes were included. No postmortem neuropathology studies or neuroimaging studies met criteria for inclusion. Depression was examined in five studies in former amateur athletes, none identifying an increased risk. Nine studies examined suicidality or suicide as a manner of death, and none found an association with increased risk. Some studies comparing professional athletes with the general population reported associations between sports participation and dementia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a cause of death. Most did not control for potential confounding factors (eg, genetic, demographic, health-related or environmental), were ecological in design and had high risk of bias. CONCLUSION Evidence does not support an increased risk of mental health or neurological diseases in former amateur athletes with exposure to repetitive head impacts. Some studies in former professional athletes suggest an increased risk of neurological disorders such as ALS and dementia; these findings need to be confirmed in higher quality studies with better control of confounding factors. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022159486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Sports Concussion Program, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolph J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J David Cassidy
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff M Schneider
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruben J Echemendia
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University Orthopedic Centre, Concussion Care Clinic, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julian E Bailes
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Inga K Koerte
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael McNamee
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charles H Tator
- Department of Surgery and Division of Neurosurgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Concussion Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Robert C. Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Schulthess Clinic Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Raber J, Silbert LC. Role of white matter hyperintensity in effects of apolipoprotein E on cognitive injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1176690. [PMID: 37275347 PMCID: PMC10237322 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1176690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) T2-weighted white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular pathology and is of ischemic origin. The prevalence and severity of WMH is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, aging, and cognitive injury in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). WMH especially affects executive function, with additional effects on memory and global cognition. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a role in cholesterol metabolism and neuronal repair after injury. Human and animal studies support a role for apoE in maintaining white matter integrity. In humans, there are three major human apoE isoforms, E2, E3, and E4. Human apoE isoforms differ in risk to develop AD and in association with WMH. In this Mini Review, we propose an increased focus on the role of WMH in cognitive health and cognitive injury and the likely role of apoE and apoE isoform in modulating these effects. We hypothesize that apoE and apoE isoforms play a role in modulating WMH via apoE isoform-dependent effects on oxylipins and 7-ketocholesterol, as well as amyloid related vascular injury, as seen in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
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25
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Brase L, You SF, D'Oliveira Albanus R, Del-Aguila JL, Dai Y, Novotny BC, Soriano-Tarraga C, Dykstra T, Fernandez MV, Budde JP, Bergmann K, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, Perrin RJ, McDade E, Xiong C, Goate AM, Farlow M, Sutherland GT, Kipnis J, Karch CM, Benitez BA, Harari O. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and risk variant carriers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2314. [PMID: 37085492 PMCID: PMC10121712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) have prioritized variants in genes related to the amyloid cascade, lipid metabolism, and neuroimmune modulation. However, the cell-specific effect of variants in these genes is not fully understood. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on nearly 300,000 nuclei from the parietal cortex of AD autosomal dominant (APP and PSEN1) and risk-modifying variant (APOE, TREM2 and MS4A) carriers. Within individual cell types, we capture genes commonly dysregulated across variant groups. However, specific transcriptional states are more prevalent within variant carriers. TREM2 oligodendrocytes show a dysregulated autophagy-lysosomal pathway, MS4A microglia have dysregulated complement cascade genes, and APOEε4 inhibitory neurons display signs of ferroptosis. All cell types have enriched states in autosomal dominant carriers. We leverage differential expression and single-nucleus ATAC-seq to map GWAS signals to effector cell types including the NCK2 signal to neurons in addition to the initially proposed microglia. Overall, our results provide insights into the transcriptional diversity resulting from AD genetic architecture and cellular heterogeneity. The data can be explored on the online browser ( http://web.hararilab.org/SNARE/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Brase
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shih-Feng You
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ricardo D'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Yaoyi Dai
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brenna C Novotny
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolina Soriano-Tarraga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Hamza EA, Moustafa AA, Tindle R, Karki R, Nalla S, Hamid MS, El Haj M. Effect of APOE4 Allele and Gender on the Rate of Atrophy in the Hippocampus, Entorhinal Cortex, and Fusiform Gyrus in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-130079. [PMID: 36892120 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230309113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and fusiform gyrus are brain areas that deteriorate during early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ApoE4 allele has been identified as a risk factor for AD development, is linked to an increase in the aggregation of amyloid ß (Aß) plaques in the brain, and is responsible for atrophy of the hippocampal area. However, to our knowledge, the rate of deterioration over time in individuals with AD, with or without the ApoE4 allele, has not been investigated. METHOD In this study, we, for the first time, analyze atrophy in these brain structures in AD patients with and without the ApoE4 using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. RESULTS It was found that the rate of decrease in the volume of these brain areas over 12 months was related to the presence of ApoE4. Further, we found that neural atrophy was not different for female and male patients, unlike prior studies, suggesting that the presence of ApoE4 is not linked to the gender difference in AD. CONCLUSION Our results confirm and extend previous findings, showing that the ApoE4 allele gradually impacts brain regions impacted by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Abo Hamza
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mental Health, Tanta University, Egypt
- College of Education, Humanities & Social Sciences, Al Ain University, UAE
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Tindle
- Department of Psychology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rasu Karki
- Department of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2214, Australia
| | - Shahed Nalla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ. Angers., Nantes, F-44000, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Bd Jacques Monod,Nantes, F44093, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Katzenberger RJ, Ganetzky B, Wassarman DA. Lissencephaly-1 mutations enhance traumatic brain injury outcomes in Drosophila. Genetics 2023; 223:iyad008. [PMID: 36683334 PMCID: PMC9991514 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes vary greatly among individuals, but most of the variation remains unexplained. Using a Drosophila melanogaster TBI model and 178 genetically diverse lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), we investigated the role that genetic variation plays in determining TBI outcomes. Following injury at 20-27 days old, DGRP lines varied considerably in mortality within 24 h ("early mortality"). Additionally, the disparity in early mortality resulting from injury at 20-27 vs 0-7 days old differed among DGRP lines. These data support a polygenic basis for differences in TBI outcomes, where some gene variants elicit their effects by acting on aging-related processes. Our genome-wide association study of DGRP lines identified associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in Lissencephaly-1 (Lis-1) and Patronin and early mortality following injury at 20-27 days old. Lis-1 regulates dynein, a microtubule motor required for retrograde transport of many cargoes, and Patronin protects microtubule minus ends against depolymerization. While Patronin mutants did not affect early mortality, Lis-1 compound heterozygotes (Lis-1x/Lis-1y) had increased early mortality following injury at 20-27 or 0-7 days old compared with Lis-1 heterozygotes (Lis-1x/+), and flies that survived 24 h after injury had increased neurodegeneration but an unaltered lifespan, indicating that Lis-1 affects TBI outcomes independently of effects on aging. These data suggest that Lis-1 activity is required in the brain to ameliorate TBI outcomes through effects on axonal transport, microtubule stability, and other microtubule proteins, such as tau, implicated in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a TBI-associated neurodegenerative disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah J Katzenberger
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Barry Ganetzky
- Department of Genetics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A Wassarman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032909. [PMID: 36769234 PMCID: PMC9918222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral vascular system stringently regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF). The components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protect the brain from pathogenic infections and harmful substances, efflux waste, and exchange substances; however, diseases develop in cases of blood vessel injuries and BBB dysregulation. Vascular pathology is concurrent with the mechanisms underlying aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD), which suggests its involvement in these mechanisms. Therefore, in the present study, we reviewed the role of vascular dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD and VaD. During the development of the aforementioned diseases, changes occur in the cerebral blood vessel morphology and local cells, which, in turn, alter CBF, fluid dynamics, and vascular integrity. Chronic vascular inflammation and blood vessel dysregulation further exacerbate vascular dysfunction. Multitudinous pathogenic processes affect the cerebrovascular system, whose dysfunction causes cognitive impairment. Knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms may lead to the discovery of clinically relevant vascular biomarkers, which may facilitate vascular imaging for disease prevention and treatment.
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Binding mechanism of perphenazine/thioridazine with acetylcholinesterase: Spectroscopic surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking based analysis. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Llibre-Guerra JJ, Li J, Qian Y, Llibre-Rodriguez JDJ, Jiménez-Velázquez IZ, Acosta D, Salas A, Llibre-Guerra JC, Valvuerdi A, Harrati A, Weiss J, Liu MM, Dow WH. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, dementia, and memory performance among Caribbean Hispanic versus US populations. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:602-610. [PMID: 35661582 PMCID: PMC9719569 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is considered the major susceptibility gene for developing Alzheimer's disease. However, the strength of this risk factor is not well established across diverse Hispanic populations. METHODS We investigated the associations among APOE genotype, dementia prevalence, and memory performance (immediate and delayed recall scores) in Caribbean Hispanics (CH), African Americans (AA), Hispanic Americans (HA) and non-Hispanic White Americans (NHW). Multivariable logistic regressions and negative binomial regressions were used to examine these associations by subsample. RESULTS Our final dataset included 13,516 participants (5198 men, 8318 women) across all subsamples, with a mean age of 74.8 years. Prevalence of APOE ε4 allele was similar in CHs, HAs, and NHWs (21.8%-25.4%), but was substantially higher in AAs (33.6%; P < 0.001). APOE ε4 carriers had higher dementia prevalence across all groups. DISCUSSION APOE ε4 was similarly associated with increased relative risk of dementia and lower memory performance in all subsamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Llibre-Guerra
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuting Qian
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Daisy Acosta
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Ureña (UNPHU), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Aquiles Salas
- Medicine Department, Caracas University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Adolfo Valvuerdi
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Amal Harrati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mao-Mei Liu
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - William H Dow
- Department of Demography, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Qian J, Zhang Y, Betensky RA, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Neuropathology-Independent Association Between APOE Genotype and Cognitive Decline Rate in the Normal Aging-Early Alzheimer Continuum. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200055. [PMID: 36698453 PMCID: PMC9869750 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives We previously found that the APOE genotype affects the rate of cognitive decline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia independently of its effects on AD neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and copathologies. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the APOE alleles differentially affect the rate of cognitive decline at the normal aging-early AD continuum and that this association is independent of their effects on classical ADNC and copathologies. Methods We analyzed APOE associations with the cognitive trajectories (Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes [CDR-SOB] and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) of more than 1,000 individuals from a national clinicopathologic sample who had either no, mild (sparse neuritic plaques and the Braak neurofibrillary tangle [NFT] stage I/II), or intermediate (moderate neuritic plaques and the Braak NFT stage III/IV) ADNC levels at autopsy via 2 latent classes reverse-time longitudinal modeling. Results Carrying the APOEε4 allele was associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline by both CDR-SOB and MMSE relative to APOEε3 homozygotes. This association remained statistically significant after adjusting for ADNC severity, comorbid pathologies, and the effects of ADNC on the slope of cognitive decline. Our modeling strategy identified 2 latent classes in which APOEε4 carriers declined faster than APOEε3 homozygotes, with latent class 1 members representing slow decliners (CDR-SOB: 76.7% of individuals, 0.195 vs 0.146 points/y in APOEε4 vs APOEε3/ε3; MMSE: 88.6% of individuals, -0.303 vs -0.153 points/y in APOEε4 vs APOEε3/ε3), whereas latent class 2 members were fast decliners (CDR-SOB: 23.3% of participants, 1.536 vs 1.487 points/y in APOEε4 vs APOEε3/ε3; MMSE: 11.4% of participants, -2.538 vs -2.387 points/y in APOEε4 vs APOEε3/ε3). Compared with slow decliners, fast decliners were more likely to carry the APOEε4 allele, younger at initial visit and death, more impaired at initial and last visits, and more likely to have intermediate (vs none or mild) ADNC levels, as well as concurrent Lewy bodies and hippocampal sclerosis at autopsy. Discussion In a large national sample selected to represent the normal aging-early AD continuum, the APOEε4 allele is associated with a modest but statistically significant acceleration of the cognitive decline rate even after controlling for its effects on ADNC and comorbid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- University of Massachusetts School of Public Health & Health Sciences (J.Q., Y.Z.), Amherst; Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center (J.Q.), Boston; New York University School of Global Public Health (R.A.B.); New York University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (R.A.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Charlestown; and Harvard Medical School (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston, MA
| | - Yiding Zhang
- University of Massachusetts School of Public Health & Health Sciences (J.Q., Y.Z.), Amherst; Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center (J.Q.), Boston; New York University School of Global Public Health (R.A.B.); New York University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (R.A.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Charlestown; and Harvard Medical School (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca A Betensky
- University of Massachusetts School of Public Health & Health Sciences (J.Q., Y.Z.), Amherst; Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center (J.Q.), Boston; New York University School of Global Public Health (R.A.B.); New York University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (R.A.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Charlestown; and Harvard Medical School (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston, MA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- University of Massachusetts School of Public Health & Health Sciences (J.Q., Y.Z.), Amherst; Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center (J.Q.), Boston; New York University School of Global Public Health (R.A.B.); New York University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (R.A.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Charlestown; and Harvard Medical School (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- University of Massachusetts School of Public Health & Health Sciences (J.Q., Y.Z.), Amherst; Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center (J.Q.), Boston; New York University School of Global Public Health (R.A.B.); New York University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (R.A.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Charlestown; and Harvard Medical School (B.T.H., A.S.-P.), Boston, MA
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Kang JM, Shin JH, Kim WR, Seo S, Seo H, Lee SY, Park KH, Na DL, Okamura N, Seong JK, Noh Y. Effects of the APOEɛ4 Allele on the Relationship Between Tau and Amyloid-β in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1233-1246. [PMID: 37393505 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the differential effects of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 on the regional topography of amyloid and tau in patients with both early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). OBJECTIVE To compare the distribution and association of tau, amyloid, and cortical thickness among groups classified by the presence of APOEɛ4 allele and onset age. METHODS A total of 165 participants including 54 EOAD patients (29 ɛ4-; 25 ɛ4+), 45 LOAD patients (21 ɛ4-; 24 ɛ4+), and 66 age-matched controls underwent 3T MRI, 18F-THK5351 (THK) and 18F-flutemetamol (FLUTE) PET scans, APOE genotyping, and neuropsychological tests. Data for voxel-wise and standardized uptake values from PET scans were analyzed in the context of APOE and age at onset. RESULTS EOAD ɛ4- patients showed greater THK retention in the association cortices, whereas their EOAD ɛ4+ counterparts had more retention in medial temporal areas. THK topography of LOAD ɛ4+ was similar to EOAD ɛ4 + . THK correlated positively with FLUTE and conversely with mean cortical thickness, being lowest in EOAD ɛ4-, highest in LOAD ɛ4-, and modest in ɛ4+ groups. Even in the APOEɛ4+ groups, THK tended to correlate with FLUTE and mean cortical thickness in the inferior parietal region in EOAD and in the medial temporal region in LOAD. LOAD ɛ4- manifested with prevalent small vessel disease markers and the lowest correlation between THK retention and cognition. CONCLUSION Our observations suggest the differential effects of the APOEɛ4 on the relationship between tau and amyloid in EOAD and LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Myeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Shin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio Medical Research Center, Bio Medical & Health Division, Korea Testing Laboratory, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ram Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Seo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Seo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul, Republic of Korea; Happymind Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Joon-Kyoung Seong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Zhao B, Ou YN, Zhang XY, Fu Y, Tan L. Differential Associations of APOEɛ2 and APOEɛ4 Genotypes with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Individuals Without Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1813-1825. [PMID: 38073392 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The APOE genotype has emerged as the major genetic factor for AD but differs among different alleles. OBJECTIVE To investigate the discrepant effects of APOE genotype on AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. METHODS A total of 989 non-demented ADNI participants were included. The associations of APOEɛ2 and APOEɛ4 with CSF biomarkers were investigated using linear regression models. Interaction and subgroup analyses were used to investigate the effects of sex and age on these associations. Furthermore, we used mediation analyses to assess whether Aβ mediated the associations between APOE genotypes and tau. RESULTS APOEɛ2 carriers only showed higher Aβ levels (β [95% CI] = 0.07 [0.01, 0.13], p = 0.026). Conversely, APOEɛ4 carriers exhibited lower Aβ concentration (β [95% CI] = -0.27 [-0.31, -0.24], p < 0.001), higher t-Tau (β [95% CI] = 0.25 [0.08, 0.18], p < 0.001) and higher p-Tau (β [95% CI] = 0.31 [0.25, 0.37], p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that APOE ɛ2 was significantly positively associated with Aβ only in females (β [95% CI] = 0.12 [0.04, 0.21], p = 0.005) and older people (β [95% CI] = 0.06 [0.001, 0.12], p = 0.048). But the effects of APOE ɛ4 were independent of gender and age. Besides, the associations of APOE ɛ4 with t-Tau and p-Tau were both mediated by baseline Aβ. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that APOEɛ2 could promote Aβ clearance, while the process could be modified by sex and age. However, APOEɛ4 might cause the accumulation of Aβ and tau pathology independent of sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan-Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zou H, Luo S, Liu H, Lutz MW, Bennett DA, Plassman BL, Welsh-Bohmer KA. Genotypic Effects of the TOMM40'523 Variant and APOE on Longitudinal Cognitive Change over 4 Years: The TOMMORROW Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:886-894. [PMID: 37874111 PMCID: PMC10734664 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 523 poly-T length polymorphism (rs10524523) in TOMM40 has been reported to influence longitudinal cognitive test performance within APOE ε3/3 carriers. The results from prior studies are inconsistent. It is also unclear whether specific APOE and TOMM40 genotypes contribute to heterogeneity in longitudinal cognitive performance during the preclinical stages of AD. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of these genes on longitudinal cognitive change in early preclinical stages of AD, we used the clinical trial data from the recently concluded TOMMORROW study to examine the effects of APOE and TOMM40 genotypes on neuropsychological test performance. DESIGN A phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. SETTING Academic affiliated and private research clinics in Australia, Germany, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. PARTICIPANTS Cognitively normal older adults aged 65 to 83. INTERVENTION Pioglitazone tablet. MEASUREMENTS Participants from the TOMMORROW trial were stratified based on APOE genotype (APOE ε3/3, APOE ε3/4, APOE ε4/4). APOE ε3/3 carriers were further stratified by TOMM40'523 genotype. The final analysis dataset consists of 1,330 APOE ε3/3 carriers and 7,001 visits. Linear mixed models were used to compare the rates of decline in cognition across APOE groups and the APOE ε3/3 carriers with different TOMM40'523 genotypes. RESULTS APOE ε3/4 and APOE ε4/4 genotypes compared with the APOE ε3/3 genotype were associated with worse performance on measures of global cognition, episodic memory, and expressive language. Further, over the four years of observation, the APOE ε3/3 carriers with the TOMM40'523-S/S genotype showed better global cognition and accelerated rates of cognitive decline on tests of global cognition, executive function, and attentional processing compared to APOE ε3/3 carriers with TOMM40'523-S/VL and VL/VL genotypes and compared to the APOE ε3/4 and APOE ε4/4 carriers. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that both APOE and TOMM40 genotypes may independently contribute to cognitive heterogeneity in the pre-MCI stages of AD. Controlling for this genetic variability will be important in clinical trials designed to slow the rate of cognitive decline and/or prevent symptom onset in preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zou
- Sheng Luo, PhD, Dept of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 2424 Erwin Rd, Suite 11082, Durham, NC, USA, 27705, Tel: 919-668-8038, Fax: 919-668-7059,
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Wee AS, Nhu TD, Khaw KY, San Tang K, Yeong KY. Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2036-2048. [PMID: 36372924 PMCID: PMC10556372 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21999221111102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Research findings involving animal models have identified mechanisms shared by both AD and type 2 DM. Deposition of β-amyloid peptides and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Type 2 DM, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Several studies show that improving type 2 DM can delay or prevent the development of AD, and hence, prevention and control of type 2 DM may reduce the risk of AD later in life. Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that is commonly associated with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM. However, it is uncertain if this enzyme may play a role in the progression of AD. This review explores the experimental evidence that depicts the relationship between dysregulation of glucose metabolism and AD. We also delineate the links between alpha-glucosidase and AD and the potential role of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sze Wee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, 47810 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thao Dinh Nhu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 , Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology (TMB) Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Niotis K, Akiyoshi K, Carlton C, Isaacson R. Dementia Prevention in Clinical Practice. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:525-548. [PMID: 36442814 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over 55 million people globally are living with dementia and, by 2050, this number is projected to increase to 131 million. This poses immeasurable challenges for patients and their families and a significant threat to domestic and global economies. Given this public health crisis and disappointing results from disease-modifying trials, there has been a recent shift in focus toward primary and secondary prevention strategies. Approximately 40% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, which is the most common form of dementia, may be prevented or at least delayed. Success of risk reduction studies through addressing modifiable risk factors, in addition to the failure of most drug trials, lends support for personalized multidomain interventions rather than a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Evolving evidence supports early intervention in at-risk patients using individualized interventions directed at modifiable risk factors. Comprehensive risk stratification can be informed by emerging principals of precision medicine, and include expanded clinical and family history, anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, neurocognitive evaluation, and genetic information. Risk stratification is key in differentiating subtypes of dementia and identifies targetable areas for intervention. This article reviews a clinical approach toward dementia risk stratification and evidence-based prevention strategies, with a primary focus on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellyann Niotis
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Kiarra Akiyoshi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Carlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida
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Seto M, Weiner RL, Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Hansen SL, Janve V, Khan OA, Liu D, Wang Y, Menon V, De Jager PL, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Gifford KA, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. RNASE6 is a novel modifier of APOE-ε4 effects on cognition. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 118:66-76. [PMID: 35896049 PMCID: PMC9721357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE-ε4), the strongest common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributes to worse cognition in older adults. However, many APOE-ε4 carriers remain cognitively normal throughout life, suggesting that neuroprotective factors may be present in these individuals. In this study, we leverage whole-blood RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from 324 older adults to identify genetic modifiers of APOE-ε4 effects on cognition. Expression of RNASE6 interacted with APOE-ε4 status (p = 4.35 × 10-8) whereby higher RNASE6 expression was associated with worse memory at baseline among APOE-ε4 carriers. This interaction was replicated using RNAseq data from the prefrontal cortex in an independent dataset (N = 535; p = 0.002), suggesting the peripheral effect of RNASE6 is also present in brain tissue. RNASE6 encodes an antimicrobial peptide involved in innate immune response and has been previously observed in a gene co-expression network module with other AD-related inflammatory genes, including TREM2 and MS4A. Together, these data implicate neuroinflammation in cognitive decline, and suggest that innate immune signaling may be detectable in blood and confer differential susceptibility to AD depending on APOE-ε4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Seto
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca L Weiner
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shania L Hansen
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vaibhav Janve
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Omair A Khan
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dandan Liu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Sabahi Z, Farhoudi M, Naseri A, Talebi M. Working memory assessment using cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery can help in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dement Neuropsychol 2022; 16:444-456. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an interstitial state between normal aging and dementia. Objective: In this study, we investigated working memory (WM) profiles of MCI patients using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). We also examined the diagnostic accuracy and possible associated factors as secondary outcomes of the study. Methods: We conducted an electronic search on EMBASE, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Studies with MCI participants and using CANTAB battery subtests for the assessment of WM were included. Meta-analysis was conducted using the CMA2 software. Results: Out of 1537 records, 14 studies were covered in this systematic review, and 7 of them were included in the meta-analysis. There was a significant difference between MCI patients and healthy controls in spatial working memory (SWM) (SDM: 0.535; 95%CI 11–96; p-value=0.014), spatial span (SSP) (SDM: 0.649 95%CI 0.297–0.100; p-value<0.01), and rapid visual information processing (RVP) (SDM: 0.52; 95%CI 0.386–0.654; p-value<0.01). WM function of MCI patients was associated with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau-protein and amyloid-beta (Aβ). Conclusions: WM is an impaired cognitive domain in MCI. CANTAB WM subtests including SSP, SWM, and RVP are accurate enough to be used as a proper assessment tool for the diagnosis of MCI in clinical settings. Tau-protein and Aβ are associated with lower WM scores in MCI patients; however, sex, age, psychiatric disorders, apolipoprotein 4 allele, and functional activity scores cannot affect WM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amirreza Naseri
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Effects of Electroacupuncture on the Correlation between Serum and Central Immunity in AD Model Animals. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3478847. [PMID: 36147643 PMCID: PMC9489346 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3478847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The goal was to investigate the connection between neuroinflammation in the brain and serum inflammatory markers as Alzheimer's disease progressed. We also sought to determine whether electroacupuncture had an effect on inflammatory markers found in blood and other brain regions. Methods As an animal model for AD, we used senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. To examine the effects and probable mechanism of electroacupuncture, we used HE staining, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Electroacupuncture therapy protected neurons, significantly downregulated the Iba-1 level in the hippocampus (p value was 0.003), frontal lobe cortex (p value was 0.042), and temporal lobe cortex (p value was 0.013) of the AD animal model, all of which had significantly lower levels of IL-6 (p value was 0.001), IL-1β (p value was 0.001), and TNF-α (p value was 0.001) in their serum. Conclusion The amounts of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α detected in the serum were strongly linked to the levels discovered in the hippocampus and the frontal lobes of the brain, respectively. A better understanding of the electroacupuncture process as well as the course of Alzheimer's disease and the therapeutic benefits of electroacupuncture may be gained by using biomarkers such as serum inflammatory marker biomarkers.
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Lim U, Wang S, Park S, Bogumil D, Wu AH, Cheng I, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, White L, Setiawan VW. Risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia by sex and race/ethnicity: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1625-1634. [PMID: 34882963 PMCID: PMC9177893 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data are limited for comparison of sex- and race/ethnicity-specific risks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). METHODS In the population-based Multiethnic Cohort, we estimated the age-standardized diagnostic incidence rate (ASDIR) and relative risk of late-onset ADRD (n = 16,410) among 105,796 participants based on Medicare claims (1999-2014) by sex and race/ethnicity. RESULTS The ASDIR for ADRD was higher for women (17.0 per 1000 person-years) than for men (15.3) and varied across African Americans (22.9 in women, 21.5 in men), Native Hawaiians (19.3, 19.4), Latinos (16.8, 14.7), Whites (16.4, 15.5), Japanese Americans (14.8, 13.8), and Filipinos (12.5, 9.7). Similar risk patterns were observed for AD. Adjustment for education and cardiometabolic diseases attenuated the differences. Accounting for deaths from competing causes increased the sex difference, while reducing the racial/ethnic differences. Less racial/ethnic disparity was detected among apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 carriers. DISCUSSION More research is needed to understand the sex and racial/ethnic differences in ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unhee Lim
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Songren Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Song‐Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - David Bogumil
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Lon White
- Pacific Health Research and Education InstituteHonoluluHawaiiUSA,John A Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - V. Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Hong YJ, Kim CM, Lee JH, Sepulcre J. Correlations between APOE4 allele and regional amyloid and tau burdens in cognitively normal older individuals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14307. [PMID: 35995824 PMCID: PMC9395408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlations between apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) status and regional amyloid, tau, and cortical thickness in cognitively normal elderly are not fully understood. Our cross-sectional study aimed to compare regional amyloid/tau burden, and cortical thickness according to APOE4 carrier status and assess correlations between APOE4 and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarker burdens. We analyzed 185 cognitively normal participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Participants aged 55-90 with normal cognitive function were divided into amyloid ß-positive (Aß+) APOE4 carriers (group 1, n = 27), Aß+ APOE4 non-carriers (group 2, n = 29), and Aß- normal controls (group 0, n = 129). We compared amyloid depositions, tau depositions, and cortical thickness among the three groups and assessed correlations between APOE4 existence and imaging biomarkers adjusted for age and sex. The participants in group 2 were older than those in the other groups. The regional amyloid/tau standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) did not differ between groups 1 and 2, but the amyloid/tau SUVRs in most regions were numerically higher after adjusting for age difference. APOE4 allele had robust correlations with increased amyloid burden in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortical areas after adjustment for age and sex, but it had weaker and mixed correlations with the regional tau burden and did not have significant correlation with cortical thickness. We identified that the presence of APOE4 allele might be more highly associated with amyloid deposition than with other AD-related biomarkers such as tau or cortical thickness in cognitively normal elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Mi Kim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jae Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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End-to-End Deep Learning Architectures Using 3D Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Early Alzheimer’s Diagnosis. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10152575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This study uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to propose end-to-end learning implementing volumetric convolutional neural network (CNN) models for two binary classification tasks: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) vs. cognitively normal (CN) and stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) vs. AD. The baseline MP-RAGE T1 MR images of 245 AD patients and 229 with sMCI were obtained from the ADNI dataset, whereas 245 T1 MR images of CN people were obtained from the IXI dataset. All of the images were preprocessed in four steps: N4 bias field correction, denoising, brain extraction, and registration. End-to-end-learning-based deep CNNs were used to discern between different phases of AD. Eight CNN-based architectures were implemented and assessed. The DenseNet264 excelled in both types of classification, with 82.5% accuracy and 87.63% AUC for training and 81.03% accuracy for testing relating to the sMCI vs. AD and 100% accuracy and 100% AUC for training and 99.56% accuracy for testing relating to the AD vs. CN. Deep learning approaches based on CNN and end-to-end learning offer a strong tool for examining minute but complex properties in MR images which could aid in the early detection and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease in clinical settings.
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McCorkindale AN, Mundell HD, Guennewig B, Sutherland GT. Vascular Dysfunction Is Central to Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis in APOE e4 Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7106. [PMID: 35806110 PMCID: PMC9266739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the leading risk factor, after age, is possession of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE4). Approximately 50% of AD patients carry one or two copies of APOE4 but the mechanisms by which it confers risk are still unknown. APOE4 carriers are reported to demonstrate changes in brain structure, cognition, and neuropathology, but findings have been inconsistent across studies. In the present study, we used multi-modal data to characterise the effects of APOE4 on the brain, to investigate whether AD pathology manifests differently in APOE4 carriers, and to determine if AD pathomechanisms are different between carriers and non-carriers. Brain structural differences in APOE4 carriers were characterised by applying machine learning to over 2000 brain MRI measurements from 33,384 non-demented UK biobank study participants. APOE4 carriers showed brain changes consistent with vascular dysfunction, such as reduced white matter integrity in posterior brain regions. The relationship between APOE4 and AD pathology was explored among the 1260 individuals from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). APOE4 status had a greater effect on amyloid than tau load, particularly amyloid in the posterior cortical regions. APOE status was also highly correlated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Bulk tissue brain transcriptomic data from ROSMAP and a similar dataset from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank showed that differentially expressed genes between the dementia and non-dementia groups were enriched for vascular-related processes (e.g., "angiogenesis") in APOE4 carriers only. Immune-related transcripts were more strongly correlated with AD pathology in APOE4 carriers with some transcripts such as TREM2 and positively correlated with pathology severity in APOE4 carriers, but negatively in non-carriers. Overall, cumulative evidence from the largest neuroimaging, pathology, and transcriptomic studies available suggests that vascular dysfunction is key to the development of AD in APOE4 carriers. However, further studies are required to tease out non-APOE4-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. McCorkindale
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (A.N.M.); (H.D.M.)
| | - Hamish D. Mundell
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (A.N.M.); (H.D.M.)
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Boris Guennewig
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Greg T. Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (A.N.M.); (H.D.M.)
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Farhoudi M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mahmoudi J, Farjami A, Farjami A, Mahmoudian M, Salatin S. The therapeutic benefits of intravenously administrated nanoparticles in stroke and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1985-2000. [PMID: 35676838 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220608093639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mean global lifetime risk of neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) has shown a large effect on economy and society.Researchersare stillstruggling to find effective drugs to treatneurological disordersand drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major challenge to be overcome. The BBB is a specialized multicellular barrier between the peripheral blood circulation and the neural tissue. Unique and selective features of the BBB allow it to tightly control brain homeostasis as well as the movement of ions and molecules. Failure in maintaining any of these substances causes BBB breakdown and subsequently enhances neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.BBB disruption is evident in many neurologicalconditions.Nevertheless, the majority of currently available therapies have tremendous problems for drug delivery into the impaired brain. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a profound substitute to solve this problem. NPs are colloidal systems with a size range of 1-1000 nm whichcan encapsulate therapeutic payloads, improve drug passage across the BBB, and target specific brain areas in neurodegenerative/ischemic diseases. A wide variety of NPs has been displayed for the efficient brain delivery of therapeutics via intravenous administration, especially when their surfaces are coated with targeting moieties. Here, we discuss recent advances in the development of NP-based therapeutics for the treatment of stroke, PD, and AD as well as the factors affecting their efficacy after systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Afsaneh Farjami
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Salatin
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Introduction APOE is one of the prominent genes involved in the increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, but its effect on cognition in patients who are not yet diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment is relatively understudied. We aimed to examine the effect of ApoE4 on cognitive performance in unimpaired middle-aged and elderly persons. Materials and methods Our study included 51 cognitively unimpaired participants divided into ApoE4 positive patients and controls by APOE genotyping. The following clinical and demographic characteristics were collected: age, gender, education, social status, BMI, history of medical or psychiatric disorders. Patients with current anxiety or depressive disorders were excluded. Cognitive function was evaluated using MMSE, Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, Rey Complex Figure test, TMT A and B and verbal fluency test. The two groups were matched for age, sex, and education. Categorial data was analyzed using Chi-Square and continuous data using Student-T test (parametric variables) or Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric variables). Statistical significance was considered at p≤.05. Results There were 11 (21.6%) ApoE4 positive patients and 40 (78.4%) controls. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The ApoE4 positive group performed slightly worse on cognitive evaluations compared to controls but only the mean scores of the Rey Complex Figure Test - Memory reached statistical significance (p=.019). Conclusion Cognitive evaluation generally rendered lower scores in the ApoE4 group compared to the control group. However, only visual memory impairment scores were significantly lower in the ApoE4 positive individuals than in controls.
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Wang J, Sun T, Zhang Y, Yu X, Wang H. Distinct Effects of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Genotype on Associations Between Delayed Recall Performance and Resting-State Electroencephalography Theta Power in Elderly People Without Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:830149. [PMID: 35693343 PMCID: PMC9178171 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.830149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) activity has been demonstrated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and theta rhythm might be inversely related to memory. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 (ε4) allele, as a genetic vulnerability factor for pathologic and normal age-related cognitive decline, may influence different patterns of cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, the present study primarily aimed to verify the role of resting theta rhythm in delayed recall deficits, and further explore the effects of the ApoE genotype on the associations between the resting theta power and delayed recall performance in the elderly individuals without dementia. Methods A total of 47 individuals without dementia, including 23 MCI and 24 healthy subjects (HCs), participated in the study. All subjects were administered the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R) to measure delayed recall performance. Power spectra based on resting-state EEG data were used to examine brain oscillations. Linear regression was used to examine the relationships between EEG power and delayed recall performance in each subgroup. Results The increased theta power in the bilateral central and temporal areas (Ps = 0.02–0.044, uncorrected) was found in the patients with MCI, and were negatively correlated with delayed recall performance (rs = −0.358 to −0.306, Ps = 0.014–0.036, FDR corrected) in the elderly individuals without dementia. The worse delayed recall performance was associated with higher theta power in the left central and temporal areas, especially in ApoE ε4 non-carriers and not in carriers (rs = −0.404 to −0.369, Ps = 0.02–0.035, uncorrected). Conclusion Our study suggests that theta disturbances might contribute to delayed recall memory decline. The ApoE genotype may have distinct effects on EEG-based neural correlates of episodic memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huali Wang,
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Khoury MA, Bahsoun MA, Fadhel A, Shunbuli S, Venkatesh S, Ghazvanchahi A, Mitha S, Chan K, Fornazzari LR, Churchill NW, Ismail Z, Munoz DG, Schweizer TA, Moody AR, Fischer CE, Khademi A. Delusional Severity Is Associated with Abnormal Texture in FLAIR MRI. Brain Sci 2022; 12:600. [PMID: 35624987 PMCID: PMC9139341 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examines the relationship between delusional severity in cognitively impaired adults with automatically computed volume and texture biomarkers from the Normal Appearing Brain Matter (NABM) in FLAIR MRI. Methods: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 24) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD, n = 18) with delusions of varying severities based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) (1—mild, 2—moderate, 3—severe) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were analyzed for this task. The NABM region, which is gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) combined, was automatically segmented in FLAIR MRI volumes with intensity standardization and thresholding. Three imaging biomarkers were computed from this region, including NABM volume and two texture markers called “Integrity” and “Damage”. Together, these imaging biomarkers quantify structural changes in brain volume, microstructural integrity and tissue damage. Multivariable regression was used to investigate relationships between imaging biomarkers and delusional severities (1, 2 and 3). Sex, age, education, APOE4 and baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau were included as co-variates. Results: Biomarkers were extracted from a total of 42 participants with longitudinal time points representing 164 imaging volumes. Significant associations were found for all three NABM biomarkers between delusion level 3 and level 1. Integrity was also sensitive enough to show differences between delusion level 1 and delusion level 2. A significant specified interaction was noted with severe delusions (level 3) and CSF tau for all imaging biomarkers (p < 0.01). APOE4 homozygotes were also significantly related to the biomarkers. Conclusion: Cognitively impaired older adults with more severe delusions have greater global brain disease burden in the WM and GM combined (NABM) as measured using FLAIR MRI. Relative to patients with mild delusions, tissue degeneration in the NABM was more pronounced in subjects with higher delusional symptoms, with a significant association with CSF tau. Future studies are required to establish potential tau-associated mechanisms of increased delusional severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Khoury
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohamad-Ali Bahsoun
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Tech (iBEST), a Partnership between St. Michael’s Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (K.C.)
- Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ayad Fadhel
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Shukrullah Shunbuli
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Saanika Venkatesh
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Abdollah Ghazvanchahi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Tech (iBEST), a Partnership between St. Michael’s Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (K.C.)
- Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Samir Mitha
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Tech (iBEST), a Partnership between St. Michael’s Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (K.C.)
- Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Karissa Chan
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Tech (iBEST), a Partnership between St. Michael’s Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (K.C.)
- Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Luis R. Fornazzari
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Nathan W. Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - David G. Munoz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tom A. Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Tech (iBEST), a Partnership between St. Michael’s Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (K.C.)
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Alan R. Moody
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1W7, Canada;
| | - Corinne E. Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - April Khademi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.A.K.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (L.R.F.); (N.W.C.); (D.G.M.); (T.A.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science & Tech (iBEST), a Partnership between St. Michael’s Hospital and Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5V 1T8, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (A.G.); (S.M.); (K.C.)
- Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Abstract
Sex and gender differences are seen in cognitive disturbances in a variety of neurological and psychiatry diseases. Men are more likely to have cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia whereas women are more likely to have more severe cognitive symptoms with major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is important to understand sex and gender differences in underlying cognitive abilities with and without disease. Sex differences are noted in performance across various cognitive domains - with males typically outperforming females in spatial tasks and females typically outperforming males in verbal tasks. Furthermore, there are striking sex differences in brain networks that are activated during cognitive tasks and in learning strategies. Although rarely studied, there are also sex differences in the trajectory of cognitive aging. It is important to pay attention to these sex differences as they inform researchers of potential differences in resilience to age-related cognitive decline and underlying mechanisms for both healthy and pathological cognitive aging, depending on sex. We review literature on the progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease, as an example of pathological cognitive aging in which human females show greater lifetime risk, neuropathology, and cognitive impairment, compared to human males. Not surprisingly, the relationships between sex and cognition, cognitive aging, and Alzheimer's disease are nuanced and multifaceted. As such, this chapter will end with a discussion of lifestyle factors, like education and diet, as modifiable factors that can alter cognitive aging by sex. Understanding how cognition changes across age and contributing factors, like sex differences, will be essential to improving care for older adults.
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Drummond E, Kavanagh T, Pires G, Marta-Ariza M, Kanshin E, Nayak S, Faustin A, Berdah V, Ueberheide B, Wisniewski T. The amyloid plaque proteome in early onset Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:53. [PMID: 35418158 PMCID: PMC9008934 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques contain many proteins in addition to beta amyloid (Aβ). Previous studies examining plaque-associated proteins have shown these additional proteins are important; they provide insight into the factors that drive amyloid plaque development and are potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to comprehensively identify proteins that are enriched in amyloid plaques using unbiased proteomics in two subtypes of early onset AD: sporadic early onset AD (EOAD) and Down Syndrome (DS) with AD. We focused our study on early onset AD as the drivers of the more aggressive pathology development in these cases is unknown and it is unclear whether amyloid-plaque enriched proteins differ between subtypes of early onset AD. Amyloid plaques and neighbouring non-plaque tissue were microdissected from human brain sections using laser capture microdissection and label-free LC-MS was used to quantify the proteins present. 48 proteins were consistently enriched in amyloid plaques in EOAD and DS. Many of these proteins were more significantly enriched in amyloid plaques than Aβ. The most enriched proteins in amyloid plaques in both EOAD and DS were: COL25A1, SMOC1, MDK, NTN1, OLFML3 and HTRA1. Endosomal/lysosomal proteins were particularly highly enriched in amyloid plaques. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to validate the enrichment of four proteins in amyloid plaques (moesin, ezrin, ARL8B and SMOC1) and to compare the amount of total Aβ, Aβ40, Aβ42, phosphorylated Aβ, pyroglutamate Aβ species and oligomeric species in EOAD and DS. These studies showed that phosphorylated Aβ, pyroglutamate Aβ species and SMOC1 were significantly higher in DS plaques, while oligomers were significantly higher in EOAD. Overall, we observed that amyloid plaques in EOAD and DS largely contained the same proteins, however the amount of enrichment of some proteins was different in EOAD and DS. Our study highlights the significant enrichment of many proteins in amyloid plaques, many of which may be potential therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Drummond
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Rm 1017, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Tomas Kavanagh
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Pires
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Rm 1017, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mitchell Marta-Ariza
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Rm 1017, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Evgeny Kanshin
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Nayak
- Merck & Co., Inc, Computational & Structural Chemistry, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Arline Faustin
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Rm 1017, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Valentin Berdah
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Rm 1017, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Rm 1017, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Rm 1017, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Departments of Pathology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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50
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Corbin D, Lesage F. Assessment of the predictive potential of cognitive scores from retinal images and retinal fundus metadata via deep learning using the CLSA database. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5767. [PMID: 35388080 PMCID: PMC8986784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of beta-amyloid in the brain and cognitive decline are considered hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Knowing from previous studies that these two factors can manifest in the retina, the aim was to investigate whether a deep learning method was able to predict the cognition of an individual from a RGB image of his retina and metadata. A deep learning model, EfficientNet, was used to predict cognitive scores from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) database. The proposed model explained 22.4% of the variance in cognitive scores on the test dataset using fundus images and metadata. Metadata alone proved to be more effective in explaining the variance in the sample (20.4%) versus fundus images (9.3%) alone. Attention maps highlighted the optic nerve head as the most influential feature in predicting cognitive scores. The results demonstrate that RGB fundus images are limited in predicting cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Corbin
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie optique et Moléculaire, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie optique et Moléculaire, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
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