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Lee JH, Kim GB, Han K, Jung EJ, Suh HJ, Jo K. Efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharide in the treatment of functional constipation: randomized clinical trial. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 38787732 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in treating functional constipation were evaluated in a four-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 63 patients who met Rome IV criteria (34 GOS, 29 placebo group). The number of bowel movements per day and changes in the shape of bowel movements in the treatment group significantly improved compared to those in the control group after four weeks. The Patient Assessment Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire showed that satisfaction with constipation significantly increased in the treatment group. The levels of Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. significantly increased after four weeks of GOS treatment compared to those measured at baseline. No significant adverse drug reactions were identified in any indicator except for pulse rate. Thus, the prebiotic GOS can be safely used in foods and pharmaceuticals to alleviate symptoms of functional constipation by improving the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisoo Han
- NeoCremar Co. Ltd, Seoul 05702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Yang N, Li J, Hu H, Shi S, Li Y, Sun W. The synergistic impact of probiotics and dietary fiber on constipation management in chlorpromazine-induced schizophrenia patients: exploring the modulation of intestinal microbiota and neurotrophic factors. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38701375 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2352023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect of probiotics combined with dietary fiber on constipation in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS To compare the improvement scores of constipation, constipation symptoms, quality of life, neurotrophic factors-related indicators, and clinical efficacy between the two groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in Cleveland Constipation Scoring System (CCS) scores in the control group before and after treatment (p > 0.05), while the CCS scores in the observation group decreased significantly after treatment (p < 0.05); Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms scores significantly decreased in the observation group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), with no significant difference in Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life scores between the two groups pre- and post-treatment; Neuron-specific enolase levels decreased significantly in both groups post-treatment, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuregulin-1, and nerve growth factor levels increased significantly, with a more pronounced rise in the observation group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the total effective rate of clinical treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Probiotics combined with dietary fiber can improve constipation symptoms in patients with schizophrenia accompanied by constipation, effectively maintain the balance of intestinal microbiota, and improve the quality of life of patients. Additionally, levels of neurotrophic factors associated with bowel function and neurological health increased significantly, with a higher total effective rate of clinical treatment observed in the probiotics and dietary fiber group. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of probiotics and dietary fiber in managing constipation in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hongxia Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shaoli Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth People's Hospital of Luoyang,China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth People's Hospital of Luoyang,China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, China
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Huang YP, Shi JY, Luo XT, Luo SC, Cheung PCK, Corke H, Yang QQ, Zhang BB. How do probiotics alleviate constipation? A narrative review of mechanisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38710624 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2336531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal condition, which may occur at any age and affects countless people. The search for new treatments for constipation is ongoing as current drug treatments fail to provide fully satisfactory results. In recent years, probiotics have attracted much attention because of their demonstrated therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects than pharmaceutical products. Many studies attempted to answer the question of how probiotics can alleviate constipation. It has been shown that different probiotic strains can alleviate constipation by different mechanisms. The mechanisms on probiotics in relieving constipation were associated with various aspects, including regulation of the gut microbiota composition, the level of short-chain fatty acids, aquaporin expression levels, neurotransmitters and hormone levels, inflammation, the intestinal environmental metabolic status, neurotrophic factor levels and the body's antioxidant levels. This paper summarizes the perception of the mechanisms on probiotics in relieving constipation and provides some suggestions on new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Yan Shi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Chen Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, P.R. China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, P.R. China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
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Deng X, Liang C, Zhou L, Shang X, Hui X, Hou L, Wang Y, Liu W, Liang S, Yao L, Yang K, Li X. Network meta-analysis of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for the treatment of chronic constipation in adults. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03410-1. [PMID: 38693449 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes associated with the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for the treatment of chronic constipation in adults. METHODS We searched eight electronic databases from database inception to July 11, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that report efficacy and safety for the treatment of chronic constipation. The risk of bias in the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis framework. The analysis was conducted using R version 4.3.0. RESULTS Out of the 37 RCTs, a total of 21 different types of interventions were reported, involving 3,903 patients. This NMA demonstrated that both prebiotics and synbiotics resulted in an increase in frequency of stool movements per week. Compared to placebo, lactulose (Mean difference [MD] = 3.39, 95% Confdence interval [CI] [1.13, 5.65], moderate certainty), mix2 (consisting of Lactulose and Bacillus coagulans) (MD = 3.63, 95% CI [1.37, 5.89], moderate certainty), mix6 (consisting of Lactulose and Bifidobacterium coagulans) (MD = 4.30, 95% CI [1.04, 7.54], low certainty), and mix7 (consisting of Lactulose, Bifidobacterium subtilis, and Enterococcus faecium) (MD = 4.58, 95% CI [1.35, 7.78], moderate certainty) exhibited a significant effect. Notably, mix7 demonstrated the highest probability of being the most effective intervention (94.8%). Furthermore, when compared to L. plantarum, four probiotics and two synbiotics showed significant advantages in the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) score. L. reuteri (MD = -13.74, 95% CI [-22.20, -4.66], very low certainty) exhibited a significant effect in improving the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QoL) score. In terms of safety, there were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in all adverse event analyses. CONCLUSIONS Moderate to very low evidence supports the use of lactulose and synbiotics to increase the number of weekly stool movements in patients, particularly highlighting the significant impact of synbiotics in increasing the number of weekly stool movements in patients with constipation. The use of L. paracasei showed improvements in PAC-SYM scores, while L. reuteri demonstrated enhancements in PAC-QoL scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Deng
- Health Technology Assessment Center/Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Cui Liang
- Health Technology Assessment Center/Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Health Technology Assessment Center/Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xue Shang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Hui
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liangying Hou
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Health Technology Assessment Center/Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wendi Liu
- Health Technology Assessment Center/Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Health Technology Assessment Center/Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liang Yao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiuxia Li
- Health Technology Assessment Center/Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Singh G, Dixit I, Kalman D, Gogineni NT. A Novel Herbal Composition Alleviates Functional Constipation, Reduces Gastrointestinal Transit Time, and Improves Bowel Function in Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38691810 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2346073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A recent proof-of-concept pilot clinical study has demonstrated that consumption of CL18100F4, a proprietary herbal blend of Withania somnifera root and Abelmoschus esculentus fruit extracts, significantly relieved the participants from functional constipation and improved their quality of life. The objective of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to reevaluate the efficacy and tolerability of CL18100F4 in a larger number of subjects. METHODS Male and female subjects (n = 135; age: 25-60 years), selected through Rome-IV criteria for functional constipation, were randomized into placebo and 300 or 500 mg of CL18100F4 groups and supplemented daily over 60 consecutive days. The primary efficacy outcome measure was Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM), evaluated at baseline and on days 7, 30, and 60 of supplementation. The secondary efficacy parameters included Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores, Gastrointestinal Transit Time (GIT), and Complete Spontaneous Bowel Movement (CSBM). Serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, cortisol, gastrin, serotonin, Diamine oxidase (DAO), and Zonulin were measured. RESULTS CL18100F4 supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the PAC-SYM, PAC-QOL, GSRS scores, and GIT and improved CSBM scores. CL18100F4 significantly improved (p < 0.001) sleep quality and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms in the participants. Notably, relief in constipation symptoms and improved gastrointestinal (GI) function were reported starting from day 7. Furthermore, CL18100F4 supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) increased the serum levels of IL-10, DAO, serotonin, gastrin, reduced IL-6, cortisol, and Zonulin. No major adverse events were observed. Participants' vital signs, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters were within the normal ranges. CONCLUSION The present investigation demonstrates that CL18100F4 is tolerable and efficacious in relieving functional constipation, alleviating GI dysfunction, and improving associated non-GI factors in male and female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Department of General Medicine, Upendra Medicare, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indresh Dixit
- Department of Medicine, Vatsalya Hospital Multi Speciality Center, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Douglas Kalman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Naga Tejaswi Gogineni
- Department of General Medicine, Aditya Multi Speciality Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Vilela C, Araújo B, Soares-Guedes C, Caridade-Silva R, Martins-Macedo J, Teixeira C, Gomes ED, Prudêncio C, Vieira M, Teixeira FG. From the Gut to the Brain: Is Microbiota a New Paradigm in Parkinson's Disease Treatment? Cells 2024; 13:770. [PMID: 38727306 PMCID: PMC11083070 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as the second most prevalent primary chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Clinically, PD is characterized as a movement disorder, exhibiting an incidence and mortality rate that is increasing faster than any other neurological condition. In recent years, there has been a growing interest concerning the role of the gut microbiota in the etiology and pathophysiology of PD. The establishment of a brain-gut microbiota axis is now real, with evidence denoting a bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota through metabolic, immune, neuronal, and endocrine mechanisms and pathways. Among these, the vagus nerve represents the most direct form of communication between the brain and the gut. Given the potential interactions between bacteria and drugs, it has been observed that the therapies for PD can have an impact on the composition of the microbiota. Therefore, in the scope of the present review, we will discuss the current understanding of gut microbiota on PD and whether this may be a new paradigm for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Vilela
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Carla Soares-Guedes
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Rita Caridade-Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Eduardo D. Gomes
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Fábio G. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
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Zhao Y, Pu K, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou Y. Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with constipation: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2010). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301129. [PMID: 38557902 PMCID: PMC10984548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on constipation, as mediated through gastrointestinal absorption and perturbations to the intestinal microecology, remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to explain the relationship between PFAS and constipation. METHODS A total of 2945 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 were included in this study. Constipation was defined using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) based on stool consistency. The relationship between PFAS and constipation was evaluated using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS The weighted median concentration of total PFAS (ΣPFAS) was significantly lower in individuals with constipation (19.01 μg/L) compared to those without constipation (23.30 μg/L) (p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the cumulative effect of PFAS was more pronounced in the elderly, men, individuals with obesity, high school education or equivalent, and high-income individuals (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable analysis demonstrated an inverse association between PFOA [OR (95% CI), 0.666(0.486,0.914)] and PFHxS [OR (95% CI), 0.699(0.482,1.015)], and constipation. None of the personal and lifestyle factors showed a significant correlation with this negative association, as confirmed by subgroup analysis and interaction testing (p for interaction > 0.05). The RCS analysis demonstrated a linear inverse relationship between PFAS levels and constipation. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide evidence of a significant inverse correlation between serum concentrations of PFAS, particularly PFOA and PFHxS, and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Huang WR, Fang QH, Yu XB, Ge WH, Yu Y. The Potential Application of Aloe Barbadensis Mill. as Chinese Medicine for Constipation: Mini-Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:307-324. [PMID: 38328440 PMCID: PMC10849880 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s446563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Mill. has a long history of medicinal use in the annals of traditional Chinese medicine, wherein it has garnered considerable renown. Its multifaceted therapeutic properties, characterized by its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial attributes, alongside its established efficacy as a laxative agent, have been extensively documented. This review commences with an exploration of the nomenclature, fundamental characteristics, and principal constituents of Aloe barbadensis Mill. responsible for its laxative effects. Subsequently, we delve into an extensive examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying Aloe barbadensis Mill.'s laxative properties, types of constipation treatments, commercially available preparations, considerations pertaining to toxicity, and its clinical applications. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference point for healthcare professionals and researchers, fostering an enhanced understanding of the optimal utilization of Aloe barbadensis Mill. in the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Rui Huang
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Hui Fang
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Bin Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
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Jaafar MH, Xu P, Mageswaran UM, Balasubramaniam SD, Solayappan M, Woon JJ, Teh CSJ, Todorov SD, Park YH, Liu G, Liong MT. Constipation anti-aging effects by dairy-based lactic acid bacteria. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:178-203. [PMID: 38618031 PMCID: PMC11007456 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Constipation, which refers to difficulties in defecation and infrequent bowel movement in emptying the gastrointestinal system that ultimately produces hardened fecal matters, is a health concern in livestock and aging animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of dairy-isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to alleviate constipation as an alternative therapeutic intervention for constipation treatment in the aging model. Rats were aged via daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (600 mg/body weight [kg]), prior to induction of constipation via oral administration of loperamide hydrochloride (5 mg/body weight [kg]). LAB strains (L. fermentum USM 4189 or L. plantarum USM 4187) were administered daily via oral gavage (1 × 10 Log CFU/day) while the control group received sterile saline. Aged rats as shown with shorter telomere lengths exhibited increased fecal bulk and soften fecal upon administration of LAB strains amid constipation as observed using the Bristol Stool Chart, accompanied by a higher fecal moisture content as compared to the control (p < 0.05). Fecal water-soluble metabolite profiles showed a reduced concentration of threonine upon administration of LAB strains compared to the control (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis also showed that the administration of LAB strains contributed to a higher colonic goblet cell count as compared to the control (p < 0.05). The present study illustrates the potential of dairy-sourced LAB strains as probiotics to ameliorate the adverse effect of constipation amid aging, and as a potential dietary intervention strategy for dairy foods including yogurt and cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafis Jaafar
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
| | - Pei Xu
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
- Faculty of Cuisine, Sichuan Tourism
University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Uma-Mageswary Mageswaran
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Jia-Jie Woon
- Department of Medical Microbiology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan-Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Department of Food Science and
Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Guoxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial
Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- CAS-TWAS Centre of Excellence for
Biotechnology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- Bioprocess Technology, School of
Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang
11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation
Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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10
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Wang L, Wang L, Cao C, Zhao J, Song C, Bao Z, Yan C, Song S. Chitosan and its oligosaccharide accelerate colonic motility and reverse serum metabolites in rats after excessive protein consumption. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127072. [PMID: 37774814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive protein consumption (EPC) could increase the gastrointestinal burden and impair gut motility. The present study was designed to explore the improvement of chitosan (CTS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on colonic motility and serum metabolites in rats after EPC. The results of in vivo experiments fully proved that CTS and COS could improve gut motility and reverse the serum metabolites in rats as indicated by LC-MS/MS analysis, and the COS group even showed a better effect than the CTS group. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which could promote gut motility, were also increased to alleviate EPC-induced constipation after supplementation with CTS or COS. In addition, CTS and COS could decrease the concentration of ammonia in serum and down-regulate the levels of H2S and indole. In summary, the present study revealed that CTS and COS could produce SCFAs, improve the colonic motility in rats, reverse the levels of valine, adenosine, cysteine, 1-methyladenosine, indole, and uracil, and enhance aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. The present study provides novel insights into the potential roles of CTS and COS in alleviating the adverse effects of EPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Lilong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Cui Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chen Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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11
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Kim H, Jeong EJ, Park C, Lee JS, Kim WJ, Yu KW, Suh HJ, Ahn Y, Moon SK. Modulation of gut microbiota ecosystem by a glucan-rich snail mucin heteropolysaccharide attenuates loperamide-induced constipation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126560. [PMID: 37640190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of snail-derived mucin extract (SM) on ameliorating constipation symptoms of loperamide-induced constipated rats (n = 6). The analytical results indicated that SM mainly contains a glucan-rich snail mucin heteropolysaccharide with high molecular weights (108.5-267.9 kDa), comprising primarily of glucose (64.9 %) and galactose (22.4 %) with some deoxyhexoses (5.0 %) and hexosamines (4.9 %). Daily SM administration at doses of 10-40 mg/kg/day to the loperamide-induced constipated rats significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the deterioration in fecal parameters, such as numbers and weight of feces, fecal water contents, and gastrointestinal transit ratio. The histomorphometric results showed that the loperamide-induced decreases in the thickness of mucosal and muscularis mucosae layers as well as the distribution of mucin and c-KIT-positive areas were significantly (p < 0.05) improved via SM consumption at all doses tested. SM administration at all doses significantly increased the expression of genes encoding tryptophan hydroxylases (TPH1 and TPH2; p < 0.05), tight junction molecules (OCLN, CLDN1, and TJP1; p < 0.05), and mucin (MUC2 and MUC4; p < 0.05), but significantly decreased the aquaporin-encoding genes (AQP3 and AQP8; p < 0.05). Gut microbial community analysis indicated that SM administration could modulate loperamide-induced dysbiosis by increasing the phyla Actinobacteria (11.72-12.64 % at 10-40 mg/kg doses; p < 0.05) and Firmicutes (79.33 % and 74.24 % at 20 and 40 mg/kg doses; p < 0.05) and decreasing the phyla Bacteroidetes (5.98-12.47 % at 10-40 mg/kg doses; p < 0.05) and Verrucomicrobia (2.21 % and 2.78 % at 20 and 40 mg/kg doses; p < 0.05), suggesting that SM administration is effective in ameliorating constipation by controlling gut microbial communities. These findings can be utilized as fundamental data for developing novel functional materials using SM to prevent or treat constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Chunwoong Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea; BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Lee
- Age at Labs Inc., 55, Digital-ro 32-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08379, South Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong 27909, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong 17546, South Korea.
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12
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He M, Ding G, Yang Y, Zhong J. Bowel habits were associated with mortality in chronic kidney disease: results from a nationwide prospective cohort study. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2292150. [PMID: 38093521 PMCID: PMC10732187 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2292150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bowel habits may affect the prognosis in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study aimed to explore the association of bowel habits with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in CKD. METHODS 2460 CKD patients in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 through 2010 without missing data for bowel habits and mortality were enrolled. Bowel habits including bowel movements (BMs) per week and stools consistency were obtained by standard interview. Mortality status and cause of death were determined by NHANES-linked National Death Index records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to evaluate the association of bowel habits with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 2460 CKD patients with an average age of 60.80 ± 0.57 years were enrolled. During an average follow-up of 87.47 ± 0.98 months, 144 cardiovascular and 669 all-cause deaths were documented. Reporting 3 or fewer BMs per week was associated with cardiovascular (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.17) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.43). More than 10 BMs per week also increased the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45). Hard stools consistency increased the risk of all-cause mortality (HR= 2.00, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.70) compared with those reporting normal stools. CONCLUSION Low stool frequency and hard stool consistency were associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Department of Nephrology, Mingguang People’s Hospital, Chuzhou, China
| | - Guanggui Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Mingguang People’s Hospital, Chuzhou, China
| | - Yongbiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Mingguang People’s Hospital, Chuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Mingguang People’s Hospital, Chuzhou, China
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13
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Ramos-Nascimento A, Grenga L, Haange SB, Himmelmann A, Arndt FS, Ly YT, Miotello G, Pible O, Jehmlich N, Engelmann B, von Bergen M, Mulder E, Frings-Meuthen P, Hellweg CE, Jordan J, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Armengaud J, Moeller R. Human gut microbiome and metabolite dynamics under simulated microgravity. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2259033. [PMID: 37749878 PMCID: PMC10524775 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2259033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Artificial Gravity Bed Rest - European Space Agency (AGBRESA) study was the first joint bed rest study by ESA, DLR, and NASA that examined the effect of simulated weightlessness on the human body and assessed the potential benefits of artificial gravity as a countermeasure in an analog of long-duration spaceflight. In this study, we investigated the impact of simulated microgravity on the gut microbiome of 12 participants during a 60-day head-down tilt bed rest at the :envihab facilities. Over 60 days of simulated microgravity resulted in a mild change in the gut microbiome, with distinct microbial patterns and pathway expression in the feces of the countermeasure group compared to the microgravity simulation-only group. Additionally, we found that the countermeasure protocols selectively increased the abundance of beneficial short-chain fatty acids in the gut, such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate. Some physiological signatures also included the modulation of taxa reported to be either beneficial or opportunistic, indicating a mild adaptation in the microbiome network balance. Our results suggest that monitoring the gut microbial catalog along with pathway clustering and metabolite profiling is an informative synergistic strategy to determine health disturbances and the outcome of countermeasure protocols for future space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramos-Nascimento
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Himmelmann
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Franca Sabine Arndt
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Yen-Tran Ly
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Olivier Pible
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edwin Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
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14
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Goya-Jorge E, Bondue P, Gonza I, Laforêt F, Antoine C, Boutaleb S, Douny C, Scippo ML, de Ribaucourt JC, Crahay F, Delcenserie V. Butyrogenic, bifidogenic and slight anti-inflammatory effects of a green kiwifruit powder (Kiwi FFG®) in a human gastrointestinal model simulating mild constipation. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113348. [PMID: 37803696 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Green kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward) is a fruit with important nutritional attributes and traditional use as a laxative. In this work, we studied in vitro the colonic fermentation of a standardized green kiwifruit powder (Kiwi FFG®) using representative intestinal microbial content of mildly constipated women. Static (batch) and dynamic configurations of the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) were used to estimate the impact of Kiwi FFG® in the human gut. Analysis of metabolites revealed a significant butyrogenic effect of the kiwifruit powder and, consistently, butyrate-producing bacterial populations (i.e., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Cluster IV, Roseburia spp.) were greatly increased in the dynamic gastrointestinal model. Bifidobacterium spp. was also found boosted in the microflora of ascending and transverse colon sections, and a significant rise of Akkermansia muciniphila was identified in the transverse colon. Reporter gene assays using human intestinal cells (HT-29) showed that kiwifruit fermentation metabolites activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcriptional pathway, which is an important regulator of intestinal homeostasis and immunity. Moreover, modulation in the production of human interleukins (IL-6 and IL-10) in Caco-2 cells suggested a potential mild anti-inflammatory effect of the kiwifruit powder and its gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Our results suggested a potential health benefit of Kiwi FFG® in the gut microbiota, particularly in the context of constipated people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Bondue
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium; ORTIS S.A., Hinter der Heck 46, 4750 Elsenborn, Belgium
| | - Irma Gonza
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fanny Laforêt
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Antoine
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Samiha Boutaleb
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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15
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Amieva-Balmori M, García-Mazcorro JF, Martínez-Conejo A, Hernández-Ramírez GA, García-Zermeño KR, Rodríguez-Aguilera O, Aja-Cadena M, Barradas-Cortés M, Quigley EMM, Remes-Troche JM. Fecal bacterial microbiota in constipated patients before and after eight weeks of daily Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 administration. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2023; 88:369-380. [PMID: 35810091 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM In recent years, probiotics have been used in functional gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic constipation (CC). The effect of Bifidobacterium infantis strain 35624 on the gut microbiota of CC patients has not been previously studied. Our aim was to analyze the fecal microbiota of constipated patients, before and after consuming a single-strain probiotic (B. infantis strain 35624). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to analyze the fecal microbiota of female patients (n=13) with CC. Patients were instructed to ingest one capsule of Alflorex® (containing 1×109 CFUs/g B. infantis strain 35624) daily for eight weeks. Fecal samples were obtained at the baseline and end (final) of probiotic administration. RESULTS Alpha diversity metrics did not differ between the baseline and final periods. The butyrate producer, Oscillospira, was the taxon most strongly correlated with amplicon sequence variants (R2=0.55, p<0.0001). Except for a few bacterial taxa, there were no significant differences in relative abundance between the baseline and final periods. Beta-diversity measures also showed limited evidence for the differences between the two time periods. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the fecal bacterial microbiota remains stable in constipated women consuming a single-strain probiotic. Those findings may be helpful in better understanding probiotic functioning in patients with digestive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amieva-Balmori
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - J F García-Mazcorro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - A Martínez-Conejo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - G A Hernández-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - K R García-Zermeño
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - O Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - M Aja-Cadena
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - M Barradas-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - E M M Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
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16
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Legan TB, Lavoie B, Norberg E, Ley IC, Tack S, Tompkins TA, Wargo MJ, Mawe GM. Tryptophan-synthesizing bacteria enhance colonic motility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14629. [PMID: 37357378 PMCID: PMC10527075 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging strategy to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility utilizes the administration of isolated bacteria. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of these bacterial agents are not well established. Here, we elucidate a novel approach to promote intestinal motility by exploiting the biochemical capability of specific bacteria to produce the serotonin (5-HT) precursor, tryptophan (Trp). METHODS Mice were treated daily for 1 week by oral gavage of Bacillus (B.) subtilis (R0179), heat-inactivated R0179, or a tryptophan synthase-null strain of B. subtilis (1A2). Tissue levels of Trp, 5-HT, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured and changes in motility were evaluated. KEY RESULTS Mice treated with B. subtilis R0179 exhibited greater colonic tissue levels of Trp and the 5-HT breakdown product, 5-HIAA, compared to vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, B. subtilis treatment accelerated colonic motility in both healthy mice as well as in a mouse model of constipation. These effects were not observed with heat-inactivated R0179 or the live 1A2 strain that does not express tryptophan synthase. Lastly, we found that the prokinetic effects of B. subtilis R0179 were blocked by coadministration of a 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4 R) antagonist and were absent in 5-HT4 R knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Taken together, these data demonstrate that intestinal motility can be augmented by treatment with bacteria that synthesize Trp, possibly through increased 5-HT signaling and/or actions of Trp metabolites, and involvement of the 5-HT4 R. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into a transient and predictable bacterial strategy to promote GI motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa B. Legan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Brigitte Lavoie
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Emilia Norberg
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Isabella C. Ley
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stephanie Tack
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Matthew J. Wargo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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17
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de Queiroz Cavalcanti SA, de Almeida LA, Gasparotto J. Effects of a high saturated fatty acid diet on the intestinal microbiota modification and associated impacts on Parkinson's disease development. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578171. [PMID: 37562163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has focused on the link between diet, intestinal microbiota, and the impact of excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids, found in animal fats, dairy, and processed foods, contribute to dysbiosis, increase intestinal barrier permeability, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, affecting the central nervous system. High intake of saturated fatty acids is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Diets low in saturated fats, rich in fibers, promote microbial diversity, improve gut health, and potentially reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, CEP: 37130-001 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, CEP: 37130-001 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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18
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Iancu MA, Profir M, Roşu OA, Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM, Gaspar BS. Revisiting the Intestinal Microbiome and Its Role in Diarrhea and Constipation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2177. [PMID: 37764021 PMCID: PMC10538221 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa) that colonize the gut and are responsible for gut mucosal structural integrity and immune and metabolic homeostasis. The relationship between the gut microbiome and human health has been intensively researched in the past years. It is now widely recognized that gut microbial composition is highly responsible for the general health of the host. Among the diseases that have been linked to an altered gut microbial population are diarrheal illnesses and functional constipation. The capacity of probiotics to modulate the gut microbiome population, strengthen the intestinal barrier, and modulate the immune system together with their antioxidant properties have encouraged the research of probiotic therapy in many gastrointestinal afflictions. Dietary and lifestyle changes and the use of probiotics seem to play an important role in easing constipation and effectively alleviating diarrhea by suppressing the germs involved. This review aims to describe how probiotic bacteria and the use of specific strains could interfere and bring benefits as an associated treatment for diarrhea and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Adela Iancu
- Department of Family Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monica Profir
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Oana Alexandra Roşu
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology I, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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19
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Huang Y, Guo Y, Li X, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Song L, Ren Z. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GUANKE on Diphenoxylate-Induced Slow Transit Constipation and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3741. [PMID: 37686774 PMCID: PMC10490327 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition with slow transit, and some probiotics can effectively relieve constipation, but the exact mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we evaluate the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GUANKE (GUANKE) on diphenoxylate-induced slow transit constipation and speculate on the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Administration of L. plantarum GUANKE alleviated constipation indexes, including defecation time, fecal output and water content, and gastrointestinal transit ratio. In addition, GUANKE restored the protein expression of constipation-related intestinal factors (aquaporins (AQPs) and interstitial Cajal cells (ICCs)) in colon tissues measured using immunofluorescence staining; regulated the neurotransmitters and hormones, such as increased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P, and motilin; and decreased levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide in serum, as measured by an ELISA. 16S rRNA and correlation analysis of feces indicated that GUANKE administration effectively reduced constipation-induced Prevotella enrichment and suggested a potential contribution of Prevotella to diphenoxylate-induced STC in mice. GUANKE had no effect on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum content. This study revealed that GUANKE may alleviate constipation in mice through regulating intestinal neurotransmitter and hormone release and altering specific bacterial taxa, rather than by affecting SCFAs and the diversity of microbiota in the gut. Further research is needed to confirm if the findings observed in this study will be consistent in other animal studies or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liqiong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhihong Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
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20
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Luo M, Xiong L, Zhang L, Xu Q. Efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets combined with mosapride citrate in the treatment of constipation in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:245. [PMID: 37464298 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets combined with mosapride citrate for the treatment of constipation. METHODS A systematic review was performed on studies published until July 2022 in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang. The efficacy rate, adverse reaction rate, recurrence rate, and clinical symptoms were included in the measured outcomes. RESULTS The efficacy of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets combined with mosapride citrate in the treatment of constipation was higher than that of mosapride citrate alone (OR = 4.75, 95% CI (3.27, 6.90), Z = 8.19, P < 0.001; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.645). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (OR = 0.97, 95% CI (0.61,1.57), Z = 0.11, P = 0.911; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.958). The recurrence rate of constipation in patients receiving the combination treatment was lower than that of patients treated with mosapride citrate alone (OR = 0.48, 95%CI (0.31, 0.73), Z = 3.38, P = 0.001; I2 = 29.8%, P = 0.200). CONCLUSIONS Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets combined with mosapride citrate demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating constipation. Probiotics have the potential to positively influence gut health and microbial profiles in patients with functional constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.58 Zhongshan Road 2, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishou Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.58 Zhongshan Road 2, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Hangzhou Grand Biologics Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Hangzhou, 050000, China
| | - Qinchang Xu
- Hangzhou Grand Biologics Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Hangzhou, 050000, China
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21
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Sasso JM, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut Microbiome-Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1717-1763. [PMID: 37156006 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome-brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome-brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Malte Grieswelle
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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22
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Parkar N, Dalziel JE, Spencer NJ, Janssen P, McNabb WC, Young W. Slowed gastrointestinal transit is associated with an altered caecal microbiota in an aged rat model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139152. [PMID: 36998634 PMCID: PMC10043340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is largely dependent upon activity within the enteric nervous system (ENS) and is an important part of the digestive process. Dysfunction of the ENS can impair GI motility as is seen in the case of constipation where gut transit time is prolonged. Animal models mimicking symptoms of constipation have been developed by way of pharmacological manipulations. Studies have reported an association between altered GI motility and gut microbial population. Little is known about the changes in gut microbiota profile resulting specifically from pharmacologically induced slowed GI motility in rats. Moreover, the relationship between gut microbiota and altered intestinal motility is based on studies using faecal samples, which are easier to obtain but do not accurately reflect the intestinal microbiome. The aim of this study was to examine how delayed GI transit due to opioid receptor agonism in the ENS modifies caecal microbiota composition. Differences in caecal microbial composition of loperamide-treated or control male Sprague Dawley rats were determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results revealed that significant differences were observed at both genus and family level between treatment groups. Bacteroides were relatively abundant in the loperamide-induced slowed GI transit group, compared to controls. Richness and diversity of the bacterial communities was significantly lower in the loperamide-treated group compared to the control group. Understanding the link between specific microbial species and varying transit times is crucial to design interventions targeting the microbiome and to treat intestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Parkar
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Smart, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Nabil Parkar,
| | - Julie E. Dalziel
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Smart, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick J. Spencer
- Discipline of Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patrick Janssen
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Smart, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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23
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Colom J, Freitas D, Simon A, Khokhlova E, Mazhar S, Buckley M, Phipps C, Deaton J, Brodkorb A, Rea K. Acute physiological effects following Bacillus subtilis DE111 oral ingestion - a randomised, double blinded, placebo-controlled study. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:31-44. [PMID: 36790091 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies using ileostomy samples from study participants demonstrated that the spore-forming probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111® can germinate in the small intestine as early as 4 hours after ingestion. Metabolomics, proteomics and sequencing technologies, enabled further analysis of these samples for the presence of hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive molecules. In the DE111 treatment group, the polyphenols trigonelline and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, orotic acid, the non-essential amino acid cystine and the lipokine 12,13-diHome were increased. DE111 also reduced acetylcholine levels in the ileostomy samples, and increased the expression of leucocyte recruiting proteins, antimicrobial peptides and intestinal alkaline phosphatases of the brush border in the small intestine. The combination of B. subtilis DE111 and the diet administered during the study increased the expression of the proteins phosphodiesterase ENPP7, ceramidase ASAH2 and the adipokine Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein that are involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Acute B. subtilis DE111 ingestion had limited detectable effect on the microbiome, with the main change being its increased presence. These findings support previous data suggesting a beneficial role of DE111 in digestion, metabolism, and immune health that appears to begin within hours of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colom
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Freitas
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - A Simon
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Khokhlova
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Mazhar
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Buckley
- Mercy University Hospital, Grenville PI, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Phipps
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard Kennesaw, GA, USA 30152, USA
| | - J Deaton
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard Kennesaw, GA, USA 30152, USA
| | - A Brodkorb
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - K Rea
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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24
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Jiang JG, Luo Q, Li SS, Tan TY, Xiong K, Yang T, Xiao TB. Cinnamic acid regulates the intestinal microbiome and short-chain fatty acids to treat slow transit constipation. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2023; 14:4-21. [PMID: 36911598 PMCID: PMC9993904 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v14.i2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow transit constipation (STC) is a disorder with delayed colonic transit. Cinnamic acid (CA) is an organic acid in natural plants, such as Radix Scrophulariae (Xuan Shen), with low toxicity and biological activities to modulate the intestinal microbiome.
AIM To explore the potential effects of CA on the intestinal microbiome and the primary endogenous metabolites-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and evaluate the therapeutic effects of CA in STC.
METHODS Loperamide was applied to induce STC in mice. The treatment effects of CA on STC mice were assessed from the 24 h defecations, fecal moisture and intestinal transit rate. The enteric neurotransmitters: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue and Periodic acid Schiff staining were used to evaluate intestinal mucosa's histopathological performance and secretory function. 16S rDNA was employed to analyze the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiome. The SCFAs in stool samples were quantitatively detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS CA ameliorated the symptoms of STC and treated STC effectively. CA ameliorated the infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, increased the number of goblet cells and acidic mucus secretion of the mucosa. In addition, CA significantly increased the concentration of 5-HT and reduced VIP. CA significantly improved the diversity and abundance of the beneficial microbiome. Furthermore, the production of SCFAs [including acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), propionic acid (PA) and valeric acid (VA)] was significantly promoted by CA. The changed abundance of Firmicutes, Akkermansia, Lachnoclostridium, Monoglobus, UCG.005, Paenalcaligenes, Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter were involved in the production of AA, BA, PA and VA.
CONCLUSION CA could treat STC effectively by ameliorating the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiome to regulate the production of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Guang Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Suqian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Suqian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tian-Ying Tan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kai Xiong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tian-Bao Xiao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
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25
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DuPont HL, Suescun J, Jiang ZD, Brown EL, Essigmann HT, Alexander AS, DuPont AW, Iqbal T, Utay NS, Newmark M, Schiess MC. Fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease-A randomized repeat-dose, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1104759. [PMID: 36937520 PMCID: PMC10019775 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The intestinal microbiome plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and may provide an opportunity for disease modification. We performed a pilot clinical study looking at the safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), its effect on the microbiome, and improvement of symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study, wherein orally administered lyophilized FMT product or matching placebo was given to 12 subjects with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease with constipation twice weekly for 12 weeks. Subjects were followed for safety and clinical improvement for 9 additional months (total study duration 12 months). Results Fecal microbiota transplantation caused non-severe transient upper gastrointestinal symptoms. One subject receiving FMT was diagnosed with unrelated metastatic cancer and was removed from the trial. Beta diversity (taxa) of the microbiome, was similar comparing placebo and FMT groups at baseline, however, for subjects randomized to FMT, it increased significantly at 6 weeks (p = 0.008) and 13 weeks (p = 0.0008). After treatment with FMT, proportions of selective families within the phylum Firmicutes increased significantly, while proportion of microbiota belonging to Proteobacteria were significantly reduced. Objective motor findings showed only temporary improvement while subjective symptom improvements were reported compared to baseline in the group receiving FMT. Constipation, gut transient times (NS), and gut motility index (p = 0.0374) were improved in the FMT group. Conclusions Subjects with Parkinson's disease tolerated multi-dose-FMT, and experienced increased diversity of the intestinal microbiome that was associated with reduction in constipation and improved gut transit and intestinal motility. Fecal microbiota transplantation administration improved subjective motor and non-motor symptoms. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, identifier: NCT03671785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L. DuPont
- Microbiome Research Center, Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Services and Specialties, Kelsey Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessika Suescun
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhi-Dong Jiang
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric L. Brown
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heather T. Essigmann
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashley S. Alexander
- Microbiome Research Center, Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew W. DuPont
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tehseen Iqbal
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Netanya S. Utay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael Newmark
- Microbiome Research Center, Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Services and Specialties, Kelsey Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mya C. Schiess
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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Sumida K, Pierre JF, Yuzefpolskaya M, Colombo PC, Demmer RT, Kovesdy CP. Gut Microbiota-Targeted Interventions in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151408. [PMID: 37619529 PMCID: PMC10783887 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in microbiome research have informed the potential role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal systems, and, when altered, in the pathogenesis of various cardiometabolic disorders, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). The improved understanding of gut dysbiosis in cardiometabolic pathologies in turn has led to a vigorous quest for developing therapeutic strategies. These therapeutic strategies aim to investigate whether interventions targeting gut dysbiosis can shift the microbiota toward eubiosis and if these shifts, in turn, translate into improvements in (or prevention of) CKD and its related complications, such as premature cardiovascular disease. Existing evidence suggests that multiple interventions (eg, plant-based diets; prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation; constipation treatment; fecal microbiota transplantation; and intestinal dialysis) might result in favorable modulation of the gut microbiota in patients with CKD, and thereby potentially contribute to improving clinical outcomes in these patients. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the characteristics and roles of the gut microbiota in CKD and discuss the potential of emerging gut microbiota-targeted interventions in the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Melana Yuzefpolskaya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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27
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Xuanhuang Runtong Tablets Relieve Slow Transit Constipation in Mice by Regulating TLR5/IL-17A Signaling Mediated by Gut Microbes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:6506244. [PMID: 36700038 PMCID: PMC9870700 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6506244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the regulation effects of Xuanhuang Runtong tablets (XHRTs) on intestinal microbes and inflammatory signal toll receptor 5 (TLR5)/interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in STC mice. First, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to verify the composition of XHRT and quality control. Then, the defecation ability of STC mice was evaluated by measuring fecal water content and intestinal transit function. The pathological examination of colonic mucosa was observed by Alcian Blue and periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) genes were sequenced to detect the fecal microbiota. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were applied to detect the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), connexin 43 (Cx43), TLR5, and IL-17A. The defecation function of the STC mice was significantly decreased. The amount of mucus secretion and the thickness of the colonic mucus layer were decreased, and the number of microbial species in the intestinal wall, such as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, anaerobic bacteria, and Alistipes, were also decreased. In addition, the expression of AQP3 and Cx43 was disordered, and the inflammatory factorsTLR5 and IL-17A were activated in the colon. The changes in the above indicators were significantly reversed by XHRT. This study demonstrates that XHRT provides a new strategy for the treatment of slow transit constipation by regulating the activation of the intestinal inflammatory signal TLR5/IL-17A mediated by gut microbes.
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Dong Q, Chen D, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yan L, Jiang J. Constipation and cardiovascular disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1080982. [PMID: 36910522 PMCID: PMC9998987 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although several observational studies have suggested positive associations between constipation and cardiovascular disease (CVD), a solid causal association has not been demonstrated. Therefore, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to investigate the causal associations between constipation and CVD. Methods Independent genetic variants strongly associated with constipation were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Summary-level data for CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, and its subtypes, were collected from a few extensive genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The inverse-variance weighted methods, weighted median, and MR-Egger were used for the MR estimates. The Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept tests, MR-PRESSO, MR Steiger test, leave-one-out analyses, and funnel plot were used in the sensitivity analysis. Results Genetically determined constipation was suggestively associated with AF risk (odds ratio (OR), 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01, 1.14; p = 0.016). Constipation and other CVD do not appear to be causally related. It was demonstrated that the results were robust through sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This MR study demonstrated suggestive causal associations of constipation on AF, despite no associations achieving a significance value after multiple testing corrections. There was no evidence of an association between constipation and the risk of CAD, MI, HF, stroke, or stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Longhui Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Takano Y, Aochi Y, Ikehara S, Tanigawa K, Baba S, Ozono K, Sobue T, Iso H. The association between constipation and subsequent risk of atopic dermatitis in children: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:71. [PMID: 37967924 PMCID: PMC10654214 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has examined the association between constipation and atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants and toddlers. We aimed to explore that association in toddlers using the data from a nationwide birth cohort study. METHODS From the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study that began in 2011, children born in a singleton live birth were analyzed. Participants completed questionnaires containing questions related to bowel movements and AD, during 1.5 to 3 years after birth. Constipation at 1 year of age was defined as having ≤2 bowel movements per week. AD was defined based on participant's responses to the modified ISAAC questionnaire and/or self-reported physician's diagnosis. Outcome was defined as the cumulative number of AD cases that occurred until 3 years of age. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for development of AD were calculated by a multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS From a total of 62,777 participants who met the study inclusion criteria, 14,188 children (22.6%) were affected by AD between the ages of 1.5 and 3 years. The adjusted OR of developing AD for the presence versus absence of constipation at 1 year of age was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.01-1.38). CONCLUSION Constipation at 1 year of age was associated with a slightly higher risk of AD until 3 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Takano
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sakai City Medical Center, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho, Nishi-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 593-8304, Japan
| | - Yuri Aochi
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoyo Ikehara
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanami Tanigawa
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka Maternal and Child Health Information Center, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi City, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Sachiko Baba
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka Maternal and Child Health Information Center, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi City, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
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Araújo MM, Botelho PB. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in chronic constipation: Outstanding aspects to be considered for the current evidence. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935830. [PMID: 36570175 PMCID: PMC9773270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on constipation-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and to identify issues that still need to be answered. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Animal models (n = 23) and clinical trials (n = 39) were included. In animal studies, prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation showed a decreased colonic transit time (CTT) and an increase in the number and water content of feces. In humans, inulin is shown to be the most promising prebiotic, while B. lactis and L. casei Shirota probiotics were shown to increase defecation frequency, the latter strain being more effective in improving stool consistency and constipation symptoms. Overall, synbiotics seem to reduce CTT, increase defecation frequency, and improve stool consistency with a controversial effect on the improvement of constipation symptoms. Moreover, some aspects of probiotic use in constipation-related outcomes remain unanswered, such as the best dose, duration, time of consumption (before, during, or after meals), and matrices, as well as their effect and mechanisms on the regulation of inflammation in patients with constipation, on polymorphisms associated with constipation, and on the management of constipation via 5-HT. Thus, more high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluating these lacking aspects are necessary to provide safe conclusions about their effectiveness in managing intestinal constipation.
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Gao H, He C, Hua R, Liang C, Wang B, Du Y, Xin S, Guo Y, Gao L, Zhang L, Shang H, Xu J. Underlying beneficial effects of Rhubarb on constipation-induced inflammation, disorder of gut microbiome and metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1048134. [PMID: 36545319 PMCID: PMC9760883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1048134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constipation is a common syndrome and a worldwide healthy problem. Constipation patients are becoming younger, with a 29.6% overall prevalence in children, which has captured significant attention because of its epigenetic rejuvenation and recurrent episodes. Despite the usage of rhubarb extract to relieve constipation, novel targets and genes implicated in target-relevant pathways with remarkable functionalities should still be sought for. Materials and methods: We established a reliable constipation model in C57B/6N male mice using intragastric administration diphenoxylate, and the eligible subjects received 600 mg/25 g rhubarb extract to alleviate constipation. Resultant constipation was morphological and genetically compared with the specimen from different groups. Results: Constipation mice exhibited thicker muscle layers, higher levels of cytokines, including IL-17 and IL-23, and lower content of IL-22. Bacterial abundance and diversity varied tremendously. Notably, the alterations were reversed following rhubarb extract treatment. Additionally, Constipation also had a substantial impact on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium- and long-chain fatty acids (MLCFAs), and the expression of SCFA receptors, GPR41 and GPR43. Conclusion: This thesis has provided insight that rhubarb extract promoted the flexibility of collagen fiber, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines, and maintained gut microflora balance with potential impacts on the fatty acid and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Peoples Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lucia Zhang
- Class of 2025, Loomis Chaffee School, Windsor, CT, United States
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingdong Xu,
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Cui H, Wang Q, Feng C, Guo C, Zhang J, Bu X, Duan Z. Positive effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis VHProbi YB11 in improving gastrointestinal movement of mice having constipation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040371. [PMID: 36532450 PMCID: PMC9755254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis VHProbi® YB11 (YB11) on attenuating sucralfate-induced constipation in BALB/c mice. The strain of YB11 exhibited favorable tolerance of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) juice. Only 0.42 Log value declined when the live cells of YB11 were co-incubated with simulated GI juice. Meanwhile, this strain also displayed perfect ability to adhere the intestinal epithelium Caco-2 cells with adhesion index of 18.5. 24 of female mice were randomized into four groups. METHODS The normal group (NOR) was fed with a normal diet, whereas the placebo group (PLA), positive group (POS), and probiotic group (PRO) were fed with sucralfate to induce constipation. After first successfully establishing the constipation model, groups NOR and PLA received the oral administration of saline solutions. Meanwhile, the POS and PRO groups were orally administered phenolphthalein and YB11 suspensions, respectively. Several indices, including fecal water content, GI transit time, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal neuropeptides level, and histopathology of colonic tissues, were investigated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compared with PLA, YB11 had a positive effect in increasing the fecal water content and intestinal peristalsis. Some positive trends, including the acetic and total acids level of fecal samples, and the colonic tissue histopathology, were also observed. Furthermore, YB11 had an ability to upregulate the levels of gut excitatory neuropeptides including motilin, gastrin, and substance P, whereas it downregulated the levels of inhibitory neuropeptides including endothelin-1, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. We conclude that the strain YB11 has a positive impact on improving gastrointestinal mobility and reducing the severity of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Duan
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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The effects of synbiotics on indoxyl sulphate level, constipation, and quality of life associated with constipation in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:259. [PMID: 35869437 PMCID: PMC9308250 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis (CKD-HD) creates an increase in proteolytic bacteria activity, leading to an increase in the production of uraemic toxins, such as indoxyl sulphate, worsening of constipation symptoms and reducing patients’ quality of life. Improving gut microbiota dysbiosis is expected to improve this condition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotics on indoxyl sulphate levels, constipation symptoms, and constipation-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients. Methods This was a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel design involving haemodialysis patients. We included chronic haemodialysis patients with gastrointestinal complaints, difficulty defecating, faeces with hard consistency, or a bowel movement frequency of fewer than three times per week. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (synbiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum 5x109 CFU) and placebo) for 60 days of oral intervention. All participants, caregivers, and outcome assessors were blinded to group assignment. The primary outcome was a decrease in indoxyl sulphate toxin levels. Meanwhile, improvement in constipation symptoms (measured using the Patient Assessment of Constipation: Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire) and improvement in constipation-related quality of life (measured using the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire) were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results We included 60 patients (30 intervention; median age of 51.23 (13.57) years, 33.3% male; 30 control; median age of 52.33 (11.29) years, 36.7% male). There was no significant difference in terms of pre- and postintervention indoxyl sulphate toxin levels in the synbiotics group compared to the placebo group (p=0.438). This study found an improvement in constipation symptoms (p = 0.006) and constipation-related quality of life (p=0.001) after synbiotic administration. Conclusion Two months of synbiotic supplementation did not lower indoxyl sulphate toxin levels. Nevertheless, it had a major effect in improving constipation and quality of life affected by constipation in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. Trial registration NCT04527640 (date of first registration: 26/08/2020) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02890-9.
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Miller AW, Penniston KL, Fitzpatrick K, Agudelo J, Tasian G, Lange D. Mechanisms of the intestinal and urinary microbiome in kidney stone disease. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:695-707. [PMID: 36127409 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease affects ~10% of the global population and the incidence continues to rise owing to the associated global increase in the incidence of medical conditions associated with kidney stone disease including, for example, those comprising the metabolic syndrome. Considering that the intestinal microbiome has a substantial influence on host metabolism, that evidence has suggested that the intestinal microbiome might have a role in maintaining oxalate homeostasis and kidney stone disease is unsurprising. In addition, the discovery that urine is not sterile but, like other sites of the human body, harbours commensal bacterial species that collectively form a urinary microbiome, is an additional factor that might influence the induction of crystal formation and stone growth directly in the kidney. Collectively, the microbiomes of the host could influence kidney stone disease at multiple levels, including intestinal oxalate absorption and direct crystal formation in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Miller
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristina L Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Fitzpatrick
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Agudelo
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Tasian
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Kim JE, Roh YJ, Choi YJ, Lee SJ, Jin YJ, Song HJ, Seol AY, Son HJ, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Tg2576 Mice for Alzheimer's Disease during Pathological Constipation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314928. [PMID: 36499254 PMCID: PMC9736912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tg2576 transgenic mice for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibited significant phenotypes for neuropathological constipation, but no research has been conducted on the association of the fecal microbiota with dysbiosis. The correlation between fecal microbiota composition and neuropathological constipation in Tg2576 mice was investigated by examining the profile of fecal microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in 9-10-month-old Tg2576 mice with the AD phenotypes and constipation. Several constipation phenotypes, including stool parameters, colon length, and histopathological structures, were observed prominently in Tg2576 mice compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. The fecal microbiota of Tg2576 mice showed decreases in Bacteroidetes and increases in the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria populations at the phylum level. The FMT study showed that stool parameters, including weight, water content, and morphology, decreased remarkably in the FMT group transplanted with a fecal suspension of Tg2576 mice (TgFMT) compared to the FMT group transplanted with a fecal suspension of WT mice (WFMT). The distribution of myenteric neurons and the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), as well as the enteric nervous system (ENS) function, remained lower in the TgFMT group. These results suggest that the neuropathological constipation phenotypes of Tg2576 mice may be tightly linked to the dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Joo Son
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center, Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-350-5388
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Zhou X, Chen Y, Ma X, Yu Y, Yu X, Chen X, Suo H. Efficacy of Bacillus coagulans BC01 on loperamide hydrochloride-induced constipation model in Kunming mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:964257. [PMID: 36211526 PMCID: PMC9533339 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.964257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the laxative effect of Bacillus coagulans BC01 (BC01) in mice was investigated using a functional constipation mouse model. Six-week-old male specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (saline), model group (loperamide hydrochloride), drug control group (bisacodyl), BC01 low-dose group (4.0 × 108 CFU/mL) and BC01 high-dose group (4.0 × 109 CFU/mL). Except for the normal group, the functional constipation model was established by administering 0.25 mL of a loperamide hydrochloride suspension (1 mg/mL) twice daily for four consecutive days by oral gavage. After modeling, the BC01 groups were administered 0.25 mL of BC01. The bisacodyl served as a control and was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg, while the other groups were administered 0.25 mL of sterile saline. After 7 days of continuous administration, the experimental mice were again induced by loperamide hydrochloride. During this period, the mechanism of BC01 to improve constipation symptoms in mice was analyzed by measuring the changes in body weight, fecal water content, small intestine propulsion rate, histology of small intestinal tissue sections, fecal microbial diversity, serum indices, as well as mRNA and protein expression levels in the small intestinal tissue. BC01 was found to significantly promote the intestinal propulsion rate and increase the fecal water content in the mice. BC01 could also alleviates constipation by regulating gastrointestinal motility (substance P, motilin, endothelin-1, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide), gene expression (c-Kit, SCF, COX-2, NF-κB, iNOS, and eNOS), intestinal inflammation (eNOS, iNOS, NF-κB), and the intestinal microbiota composition in the constipated mice. In addition, the high-dose BC01 treatment had the best preventive effect on constipation. BC01 is a probiotic strain to effectively relieve the adverse effects of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yafang Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Thankcome Biological Science and Technology Suzhou Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Thankcome Biological Science and Technology Suzhou Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- Thankcome Biological Science and Technology Suzhou Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huayi Suo
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Association of abnormal bowel health with major chronic diseases and risk of mortality. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 75:39-46. [PMID: 36116757 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore the association of chronic constipation and diarrhea with major chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes, as well as with mortality risk. In addition, we characterized the interrelationship of inflammation with abnormal bowel health, major chronic diseases, and mortality. METHODS Demographic characteristics, physical and laboratory examinations were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2005-2010. Chronic constipation or diarrhea was diagnosed by the shape and frequency of defecation. The number of samples used for the cancer, CVD, diabetes, and mortality analyses were 11,217, 11,168, 11,555, and 14,316, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association among abnormal bowel health, major chronic diseases, dietary inflammatory index (DII), and C-reactive protein (CRP). A Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to assess risk of all-cause mortality, and the Fine and Gray models were subsequently employed to calculate the cancer and CVD mortality risks. RESULTS There were statistically positive associations of chronic diarrhea or constipation with breast and colon cancer, CVD, risks of all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality. Particularly in participants younger than 60, in addition to the positive correlations of chronic diarrhea with three major chronic diseases and all-cause mortality risk, chronic constipation also contributed to an elevated risk of CVD mortality. With respect to inflammation markers, an increased DII or CRP level was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of abnormal bowel health and major chronic diseases, and a higher mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Participants with abnormal bowel health were more likely linked to breast cancer, colon cancer, CVD, and risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Moreover, inflammation may have a potential role in associations among abnormal bowel health, major chronic diseases and mortality. However, these findings need to be confirmed by further prospective studies.
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Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM, Benninga MA. Childhood constipation: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:385-404. [PMID: 36185096 PMCID: PMC9516492 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i5.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation in children is a major health issue around the world, with a global prevalence of 9.5%. They present to clinicians with a myriad of clinical signs. The Rome IV symptom-based criteria are used to diagnose functional constipation. Functional constipation is also a huge financial burden for healthcare system and has a detrimental impact on health-related quality of life of children. There are various risk factors identified globally, including centrally connected factors such as child abuse, emotional and behavioral issues, and psychological stress. Constipation is also precipitated by a low-fiber diet, physical inactivity, and an altered intestinal microbiome. The main pathophysiological mechanism is stool withholding, while altered rectal function, anal sphincter, pelvic floor, and colonic dysfunction also play important roles. Clinical evaluation is critical in making a diagnosis, and most investigations are only required in refractory patients. In the treatment of childhood constipation, both nonpharmacological (education and de-mystification, dietary changes, toilet training, behavioral interventions, biofeedback, and pelvic floor physiotherapy), and pharmacological (osmotic and stimulant laxatives and novel drugs like prucalopride and lubiprostone) interventions are used. For children with refractory constipation, transanal irrigation, botulinum toxin, neuromodulation, and surgical treatments are reserved. While frequent use of probiotics is still in the experimental stage, healthy dietary habits, living a healthy lifestyle and limiting exposure to stressful events, are all beneficial preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
- University Paediatric Unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
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Wen Y, Zhan Y, Tang S, Kang J, Wu R, Tang X. Mechanistic Prediction of Chinese Herb Compound (Zhi Zhu Ma Ren Pill) in the Treatment of Constipation Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221124780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constipation is one of the most prevalent chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Notably, previous studies have demonstrated that Chinese herbal compounds may exert effects on constipation. The present study aimed to predict the mechanisms underlying the effects of Zhi Zhu Ma Ren Pill (ZZMRP), which includes Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Fructus Cannabis, Paeonia lactiflora and Radix Asteris in the treatment of constipation, using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The components and target information of ZZMRP were accessed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform, and the associated targets of constipation were obtained from the GeneCards, Disgenet, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, DrugBANK and Therapeutic Target Database databases. The major targets were subsequently selected using a Venn diagram and network topology analysis, which was followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was performed to authenticate the binding activity between active components and core targets. Results: A total of 44 active components, 249 targets of ZZMRP and 1501 targets associated with constipation were acquired. A total of 122 intersection targets were discovered between ZZMRP and constipation. Subsequently, 18 key targets were authenticated, including tumor protein 53, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, JUN and caspase-3. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways may be involved in the treatment of constipation using ZZMRP. Molecular docking suggested that quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin exhibited high binding affinities with several of the primary targets. Conclusions: The active components, core targets, and signaling pathways of ZZMRP in the treatment of constipation were predicted, which may be applicable to the development of treatments for constipation and application of ZZMRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xuegui Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Antibiotic Consumption Patterns in European Countries Are Associated with the Prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease; the Possible Augmenting Role of the Narrow-Spectrum Penicillin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091145. [PMID: 36139924 PMCID: PMC9494973 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting at least 0.3% of the worldwide population and over 3% of those over 80 years old. According to recent research (2018), in 2016, 6.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 5.0–7.3) individuals had Parkinson’s disease globally, compared with 2.5 million (2.0–3.0) in 1990. The pandemic-like spreading of PD is considered a slow-moving disaster. Most recent studies indicated the possible role of an altered microbiome, dysbiosis, in the development of PD, which occurs long before the clinical diagnosis of PD. Antibiotics are considered as major disruptors of the intestinal flora and we have hypothesized that, as different classes of antibiotics might induce different dysbiosis, certain classes of antibiotics could trigger the PD-related dysbiosis as well. Comparative analyses were performed between the average yearly antibiotic consumption of 30 European countries (1997–2016) and the PD prevalence database (estimated for 2016). We divided the time frame of antibiotic consumption of 1997–2016 into four subsections to estimate the possible time lapse between antibiotic exposure and the prevalence, prevalence change, and PD-related death rates estimated for 2016. Our results indicated that countries with high consumption of narrow-spectrum penicillin experienced a higher increase in PD prevalence than the others. Countries reporting a decline in PD from 1990 to 2016 demonstrated a reduction in the consumption of narrow-spectrum penicillin in this period.
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Jones J, Reinke SN, Mousavi-Derazmahalleh M, Palmer DJ, Christophersen CT. Changes to the Gut Microbiome in Young Children Showing Early Behavioral Signs of Autism. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:905901. [PMID: 35966698 PMCID: PMC9371947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.905901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has increasingly been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a neurological developmental disorder, characterized by impairments to social interaction. The ability of the gut microbiota to signal across the gut-brain-microbiota axis with metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, impacts brain health and has been identified to play a role in the gastrointestinal and developmental symptoms affecting autistic children. The fecal microbiome of older children with ASD has repeatedly shown particular shifts in the bacterial and fungal microbial community, which are significantly different from age-matched neurotypical controls, but it is still unclear whether these characteristic shifts are detectable before diagnosis. Early microbial colonization patterns can have long-lasting effects on human health, and pre-emptive intervention may be an important mediator to more severe autism. In this study, we characterized both the microbiome and short-chain fatty acid concentrations of fecal samples from young children between 21 and 40 months who were showing early behavioral signs of ASD. The fungal richness and acetic acid concentrations were observed to be higher with increasing autism severity, and the abundance of several bacterial taxa also changed due to the severity of ASD. Bacterial diversity and SCFA concentrations were also associated with stool form, and some bacterial families were found with differential abundance according to stool firmness. An exploratory analysis of the microbiome associated with pre-emptive treatment also showed significant differences at multiple taxonomic levels. These differences may impact the microbial signaling across the gut-brain-microbiota axis and the neurological development of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Jones
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- The Western Australian Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jacquelyn Jones
| | - Stacey N. Reinke
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mahsa Mousavi-Derazmahalleh
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- The Western Australian Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Debra J. Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Claus T. Christophersen
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- The Western Australian Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Hamilton AM, Sampson TR. Traumatic spinal cord injury and the contributions of the post-injury microbiome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 167:251-290. [PMID: 36427958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are an enormous burden on injured individuals and their caregivers. The pathophysiological effects of injury are not limited to the spine and limb function, but affect numerous body systems. Growing observations in human studies and experimental models suggest that the gut microbiome is altered following spinal cord injury. Given the importance of signals derived from the gut microbiome for host physiology, it is possible that injury-triggered dysbiosis subsequently affects aspects of recovery. Here, we review emerging literature on the role of the microbiome following spinal cord injury. Specifically, we highlight findings from both human and experimental studies that correlate taxonomic changes to aspects of injury recovery. Examination of both observational and emerging interventional studies supports the notion that future therapeutic avenues for spinal cord injury pathologies may lie at the interface of the host and indigenous microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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YU Z, HAO L, LI Z, SUN J, CHEN H, HUO H, LI X, SHAN Z, LI H. Correlation between slow transit constipation and spleen deficiency, and gut microbiota: a pilot study. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:353-363. [PMID: 35610004 PMCID: PMC9924678 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220408.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of slow transit constipation (STC) and spleen deficiency on gut microbiota, and the mechanism underlying the action that the positive drug Maren Runchang (MR) alleviates STC. METHODS STC was induced, using the cathartic method of Senna and the hunger-fullness disorder method, in ICR mice; one group of model mice was treated with MR (6.24 g/kg). The changes in the general condition, fecal parameters, D-xylose content in the serum, intestinal propulsion rate, and histopathology of the colon were assessed after STC induction in the control, model, and MR groups. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed from STC mice into pseudo germ-free mice. Changes in the contents of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and gut microbiota in STC mice and pseudo germ-free mice were assessed after FMT. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the model mice showed the following results: the time of the first black stool was significantly longer ( 0.01), the number and weight of black stools were significantly reduced within 6 h ( 0.05), the D-xylose content in the serum was significantly reduced ( < 0.05), the intestinal propulsion rate decreased ( < 0.01), the content of VIP in colon tissue significantly increased ( < 0.05), and SP content in the colon tissue significantly decreased ( < 0.01); moreover, the colon showed significant inflame-mation and injury. Furthermore, the abundance of Firmicutes was increased, the abundance of Bacteroides decreased, and the abundance of decreased, while the abundance of the conditional pathogenic bacteria and Klebsiella increased. However, after treatment with MR, the time of the first black stool decreased (0.01), the number of black stools within 6 h increased, and the intestinal propulsion rate increased ( < 0.05). Moreover, the content of D-xylose in the serum and the content of VIP in colon tissue significantly decreased ( < 0.05), the content of SP in colon tissue significantly increased ( < 0.01), and colon inflammation significantly improved. Additionally, the abundance of Firmicutes decreased, and the abundance of Bacteroides increased. The abundance of increased, and the abundance of decreased. In the model + FMT group, compared with control + FMT group, the content of VIP in colon tissue decreased ( < 0.05), the content of SP in colon tissue significantly increased ( < 0.01), and the abundance of probiotics, such as , decreased. In the MR + FMT group, compared with the model + FMT group, the content of VIP in colon tissue increased, the content of SP in colon tissue significantly decreased ( < 0.01), and the abundance of probiotics increased. CONCLUSIONS STC mice with spleen deficiency show a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as , and an increased abundance of the conditional pathogenic bacteria . Furthermore, the mechanism of action of MR in treating STC may involve the regulation of intestinal movement, reduction of intestinal inflammation, elevation of intestinal absorption, and regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyue YU
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Liyu HAO
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Zongyuan LI
- 2 Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianhui SUN
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Hongying CHEN
- 3 Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Hairu HUO
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Xiaoqin LI
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Zhongchao SHAN
- 4 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 330004, China
| | - Hongmei LI
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
- Pro. LI Hongmei, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China.
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Exploring the multifactorial aspects of Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:693-706. [PMID: 35583791 PMCID: PMC9526693 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced research in health science has broadened our view in approaching and understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and has also revolutionised diagnosis and treatment. Ever since the establishment of Braak’s hypothesis in the propagation of alpha-synuclein from the distant olfactory and enteric nervous system towards the brain in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), studies have explored and revealed the involvement of altered gut microbiota in PD. This review recapitulates the gut microbiome associated with PD severity, duration, motor and non-motor symptoms, and antiparkinsonian treatment from recent literature. Gut microbial signatures in PD are potential predictors of the disease and are speculated to be used in early diagnosis and treatment. In brief, the review also emphasises on implications of the prebiotic, probiotic, faecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions as alternative treatments in modulating the disease symptoms in PD.
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Lubomski M, Xu X, Holmes AJ, Muller S, Yang JYH, Davis RL, Sue CM. Nutritional Intake and Gut Microbiome Composition Predict Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:881872. [PMID: 35645785 PMCID: PMC9131011 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.881872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Models to predict Parkinson's disease (PD) incorporating alterations of gut microbiome (GM) composition have been reported with varying success. Objective To assess the utility of GM compositional changes combined with macronutrient intake to develop a predictive model of PD. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the GM and nutritional intake in 103 PD patients and 81 household controls (HCs). GM composition was determined by 16S amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of bacterial ribosomal DNA isolated from stool. To determine multivariate disease-discriminant associations, we developed two models using Random Forest and support-vector machine (SVM) methodologies. Results Using updated taxonomic reference, we identified significant compositional differences in the GM profiles of PD patients in association with a variety of clinical PD characteristics. Six genera were overrepresented and eight underrepresented in PD patients relative to HCs, with the largest difference being overrepresentation of Lactobacillaceae at family taxonomic level. Correlation analyses highlighted multiple associations between clinical characteristics and select taxa, whilst constipation severity, physical activity and pharmacological therapies associated with changes in beta diversity. The random forest model of PD, incorporating taxonomic data at the genus level and carbohydrate contribution to total energy demonstrated the best predictive capacity [Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.74]. Conclusion The notable differences in GM diversity and composition when combined with clinical measures and nutritional data enabled the development of a predictive model to identify PD. These findings support the combination of GM and nutritional data as a potentially useful biomarker of PD to improve diagnosis and guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lubomski
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiangnan Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Muller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Y. H. Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L. Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn M. Sue
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Mulay KV, Karthik SV. Managing constipation in children with ASD - A challenge worth tackling. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 63:211-219. [PMID: 35190271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is well known to be associated with significantly high rates of gastrointestinal problems, constipation being common among them, imposing a significant burden on child and the family. On account of multiple underlying factors, both diagnosis and subsequent management of constipation in children with ASD are much more challenging as compared to managing constipation in 'neurotypical' children. Associated higher rate of presentation to the hospital emergency and subsequent hospital admission rates add to the burden. Hence, there is a need for recognizing constipation as a problem in children with ASD. This review summarizes optimization of its management by adopting a multidisciplinary holistic approach to achieve good outcomes and enhance the quality of life for the child and the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Vijaykumar Mulay
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Venkatesh Karthik
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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The Microbiome and Uremic Solutes. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040245. [PMID: 35448854 PMCID: PMC9033124 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic retention solutes, especially the protein-bound compounds, are toxic metabolites, difficult to eliminate with progressive renal functional decline. They are of particular interest because these uremic solutes are responsible for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Evidence suggests that the relation between uremic toxins, the microbiome, and its host is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease, with the colon’s motility, epithelial integrity, and absorptive properties also playing an important role. Studies found an alteration of the microbiota composition with differences in species proportion, diversity, and function. Since uremic toxins precursors are generated by the microbiota, multiple therapeutic options are currently being explored to address dysbiosis. While an oral adsorbent can decrease the transport of bacterial metabolites from the intestinal lumen to the blood, dietary measures, supplements (prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics), and antibiotics aim to target directly the gut microbiota composition. Innovative approaches, such as the modulation of bacterial enzymes, open new perspectives to decrease the plasma level of uremic toxins.
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Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071079. [PMID: 35406643 PMCID: PMC8997512 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the gateway for microorganisms into your body where they disseminate not only to the directly connected respiratory and digestive tracts but also to the many remote organs. Oral microbiota, travelling to the end of the intestine and circulating in our bodies through blood vessels, not only affect a gut microbiome profile but also lead to many systemic diseases. By gathering information accumulated from the era of focal infection theory to the age of revolution in microbiome research, we propose a pivotal role of “leaky gum”, as an analogy of “leaky gut”, to underscore the importance of the oral cavity in systemic health. The oral cavity has unique structures, the gingival sulcus (GS) and the junctional epithelium (JE) below the GS, which are rarely found anywhere else in our body. The JE is attached to the tooth enamel and cementum by hemidesmosome (HD), which is structurally weaker than desmosome and is, thus, vulnerable to microbial infiltration. In the GS, microbial biofilms can build up for life, unlike the biofilms on the skin and intestinal mucosa that fall off by the natural process. Thus, we emphasize that the GS and the JE are the weakest leaky point for microbes to invade the human body, making the leaky gum just as important as, or even more important than, the leaky gut.
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Chen XM, Wang X, Chen MM. Pharbitis nil extract ameliorates functional constipation and intestinal microflora disorder induced by loperamide in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:223-229. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i5.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen pharbitidis can be used for the treatment of constipation; however, the specific pharmacological effect and mechanism of its main pharmacological active ingredient pharbitis nil extract (PN) on functional constipation (FC) are still not clear.
AIM To investigate the regulatory effect of PN on constipation symptoms, intestinal motility, colonic myoelectric activity, colonic tissue morphology, intestinal microflora and neurotransmitters in FC rats.
METHODS A rat model of FC was established by intragastric administ-ration of loperamide (Lop) and then treated with PN. The number of fecal pellets within 6 h, fecal water content, intestinal transit rate, and colonic myoelectric activity were observed and recorded. The alteration of intestinal flora was measured by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the morphological changes of colon tissues. The expression levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS PN could significantly increase the fecal pellet count and water content within 6 h, accelerate the intestinal ink propelling rate, and decrease the frequency and amplitude variation of colon myoelectric activity in FC rats. H&E staining showed that PN improved the colon histological changes induced by Lop. PCR-DGGE demonstrated that PN rectified the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia and increased the abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae in FC rats. ELISA showed that PN significantly increased the SP and 5-HT expression and decreased the expression of VIP in colon tissues of FC rats.
CONCLUSION PN alleviates FC caused by Lop and improves intestinal microflora and intestinal nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Grace Medical Center (Group), Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Grace Medical Center (Group), Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Grace Medical Center (Group), Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318050, Zhejiang Province, China
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Dargenio VN, Cristofori F, Dargenio C, Giordano P, Indrio F, Celano G, Francavilla R. Use of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in paediatric gastrointestinal disorders: an updated review. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:221-242. [PMID: 35212258 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Strains of lactobacilli are the most widely used probiotics and can be found in a large variety of food products and food supplements throughout the world. In this study, the evidence on Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR DSM 17938) has been reviewed. This species secretes reuterin and other substances singularly or in microvesicles, inhibiting pathogen growth and interacting with the intestinal microbiota and mucosa, restoring homeostasis. The use of LR DSM 17938 has been exploited in several pathological conditions. Preclinical research has shown that this probiotic can ameliorate dysbiosis and, by interacting with intestinal mucosal cells, can raise the pain threshold and promote gastrointestinal motility. These aspects are amongst the significant components in functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic and regurgitation in infants, functional abdominal pain and functional constipation in children and adolescents. This strain can decrease the duration of acute diarrhoea and hospitalization for acute gastroenteritis but does not seem to prevent nosocomial diarrhoea and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Because of its ability to survive in the gastric environment, it has been tested in Helicobacter pylori infection, showing a significant decrease of antibiotic-associated side effects and a tendency to increase the eradication rate. Finally, all these studies have shown the excellent safety of LR DSM 17938 even at higher dosages. In conclusion data from various clinical trials here reviewed can guide the clinician to find the correct dose, frequency of administration, and therapy duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Dargenio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C Dargenio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Giordano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Indrio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - G Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 265/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
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