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Liu TT, Pascal LE, Bauer SR, Miles HN, Panksepp JB, Lloyd GL, Li L, DeFranco DB, Ricke WA. Age-Dependent Effects of Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise on Voiding Behavior and Potential Age-Related Molecular Mechanisms in Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae007. [PMID: 38198648 PMCID: PMC11079951 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older men frequently develop lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Risk factors for LUTS/BPH include sedentary lifestyle, anxiety/depression, obesity, and frailty, which all increase with age. Although physical exercise may reduce the progression and/or severity of LUTS/BPH, the age-related mechanisms responsible remain unknown. METHODS Voiding symptoms, body mass, and frailty were assessed after 4-weeks of voluntary wheel running in 2-month (n = 10) and 24-month (n = 8) old C57Bl/6J male mice. In addition, various social and individual behaviors were examined in these cohorts. Finally, cellular and molecular markers of inflammation and mitochondrial protein expression were assessed in prostate tissue and systemically. RESULTS Despite running less (aged vs young X¯ = 12.3 vs 30.6 km/week; p = .04), aged mice had reduced voiding symptoms (X¯ = 67.3 vs 23.7; p < .0001) after 1 week of exercise, which was sustained through week 4 (X¯ = 67.3 vs 21.5; p < .0001). Exercise did not affect voiding symptoms in young mice. Exercise also increased mobility and decreased anxiety in both young and aged mice (p < .05). Exercise decreased expression of a key mitochondrial protein (PINK1; p < .05) and inflammation within the prostate (CD68; p < .05 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; p < .05) and in the serum (p < .05). However, a frailty index (X¯ = 0.17 vs 0.15; p = .46) and grip strength (X¯ = 1.10 vs 1.19; p = .24) were unchanged after 4 weeks of exercise in aged mice. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary aerobic exercise improves voiding behavior and mobility, and decreases prostatic mitochondrial protein expression and inflammation in aged mice. This promising model could be used to evaluate molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise as a novel lifestyle intervention for older men with LUTS/BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Liu
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura E Pascal
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott R Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Urology, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hannah N Miles
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jules B Panksepp
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Granville L Lloyd
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Janowski AJ, Berardi G, Hayashi K, Plumb AN, Lesnak JB, Khataei T, Martin B, Benson CJ, Sluka KA. The influence of sex on activity in voluntary wheel running, forced treadmill running, and open field testing. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4365992. [PMID: 38798501 PMCID: PMC11118703 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4365992/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity is commonly used for both measuring and treating dysfunction. While preclinical work has been historically biased towards males, the use of both male and female animals is gaining popularity after multiple NIH initiatives. With increasing inclusion of both sexes, it has become imperative to determine sex differences in common behavioral assays. The purpose of this study was to determine baseline sex differences in 3 activity assays: voluntary wheel running, forced treadmill running, and open field testing. Methods This was a secondary analysis of sex differences in healthy mice in 3 different assays: Separate mice were used for each assay. Specifically, 16 mice underwent 28 days of voluntary wheel running, 178 mice underwent forced treadmill running, and 88 mice underwent open field testing. Differences between sex across several activity parameters were examined for each assay. Results In voluntary wheel running, sex differences with larger effect sizes were observed in distance run, running time, and bout duration, with smaller effect size differences in speed, and no difference in total bouts. In forced treadmill running, differences were shown in time to exhaustion, but no difference in max speed attained. In open field, there were sex differences in active time but not in distance and speed in data aggregated over 30 minutes; however, distance and speed in male mice showed a downward trajectory over the final 20 minutes of testing, whereas females maintained the same trajectory. Conclusion These data suggest that male mice demonstrate comparable activity intensity as female mice but do not match female's duration of activity, especially for volitional tasks. Researchers utilizing these assays should account for sex differences as they could potentially mask true findings in an experiment.
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Stoikos J, Kurgan N, Kottaras S, Fajardo VA, Gittings W, Klentrou P. Effects of sclerostin injection on soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle tissue in male mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:293-304. [PMID: 37976473 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin, a potent inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, plays a critical role in bone homeostasis. Evidence suggests that sclerostin may also be involved in crosstalk between other tissues, including muscle. This pilot study attempted to examine the effects of sclerostin on soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle tissue from male mice that were given continuous recombinant sclerostin injections for 4 weeks. A total of 48 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to be sedentary or perform 1 h treadmill running per day for 4 weeks and administered subcutaneous injections of either saline or recombinant sclerostin 5 days/week. Sclerostin injection led to a reduction in the soleus myosin heavy chain (MHC) I, MHC I/IIA, MHC IIA/X, and MHC IIB cross-sectional area (p < 0.05) with no exercise effects on these reductions. In contrast, there were no effects of sclerostin injections or exercise on the fast-twitch EDL muscle in terms of size, MHC protein, or markers of Wnt signaling. These findings provide preliminary evidence of sclerostin's endocrine role in muscle via decreases in myofiber cross-sectional area, which seems to be independent of fiber type but muscle type-specific. More studies, however, are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Stoikos
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Kottaras
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, ON, Canada
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Floris G, Godar SC, Braccagni G, Piras IS, Ravens A, Zanda MT, Huentelman MJ, Bortolato M. The sinking platform test: a novel paradigm to measure persistence in animal models. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01827-0. [PMID: 38396257 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Persistence is the propensity to maintain goal-directed actions despite adversities. While this temperamental trait is crucial to mitigate depression risk, its neurobiological foundations remain elusive. Developing behavioral tasks to capture persistence in animal models is crucial for understanding its molecular underpinnings. Here, we introduce the Sinking Platform Test (SPT), a novel high-throughput paradigm to measure persistence. Mice were trained to exit a water-filled tank by ascending onto a platform above water level. Throughout the training, mice were also occasionally exposed to "failure trials," during which an operator would submerge a platform right after the mouse climbed onto it, requiring the mouse to reach and ascend a newly introduced platform. Following training, mice were subjected to a 5-min test exclusively consisting of failure trials. Male and female mice exhibited comparable persistence, measured by the number of climbed platforms during the test. Furthermore, this index was increased by chronic administration of fluoxetine or imipramine; conversely, it was reduced by acute and chronic haloperidol. Notably, six weeks of social isolation reduced SPT performance, and this effect was rescued by imipramine treatment over the last two weeks. A 4-week regimen of voluntary wheel running also improved persistence in socially isolated mice. Finally, comparing transcriptomic profiles of the prefrontal cortex of mice with high and low SPT performance revealed significant enrichment of immediate-early genes known to shape susceptibility for chronic stress. These findings highlight the potential of SPT as a promising method to uncover the biological mechanisms of persistence and evaluate novel interventions to enhance this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean C Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Giulia Braccagni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alicia Ravens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary T Zanda
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Farré R, Rodríguez-Lázaro MA, Otero J, Gavara N, Sunyer R, Farré N, Gozal D, Almendros I. Low-cost, open-source device for simultaneously subjecting rodents to different circadian cycles of light, food, and temperature. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1356787. [PMID: 38434139 PMCID: PMC10904513 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1356787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure of experimental rodents to controlled cycles of light, food, and temperature is important when investigating alterations in circadian cycles that profoundly influence health and disease. However, applying such stimuli simultaneously is difficult in practice. We aimed to design, build, test, and open-source describe a simple device that subjects a conventional mouse cage to independent cycles of physiologically relevant environmental variables. The device is based on a box enclosing the rodent cage to modify the light, feeding, and temperature environments. The device provides temperature-controlled air conditioning (heating or cooling) by a Peltier module and includes programmable feeding and illumination. All functions are set by a user-friendly front panel for independent cycle programming. Bench testing with a model simulating the CO2 production of mice in the cage showed: a) suitable air renewal (by measuring actual ambient CO2), b) controlled realistic illumination at the mouse enclosure (measured by a photometer), c) stable temperature control, and d) correct cycling of light, feeding, and temperature. The cost of all the supplies (retail purchased by e-commerce) was <300 US$. Detailed technical information is open-source provided, allowing for any user to reliably reproduce or modify the device. This approach can considerably facilitate circadian research since using one of the described low-cost devices for any mouse group with a given light-food-temperature paradigm allows for all the experiments to be performed simultaneously, thereby requiring no changes in the light/temperature of a general-use laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Farré
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Gavara
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Farré
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Gozal
- Office of the Dean, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Huang W, Bates R, Zou X, Queen NJ, Mo X, Arnold WD, Ray A, Owendoff G, Cao L. Environmental Enrichment Improves Motor Function and Muscle Transcriptome of Aged Mice. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300148. [PMID: 37518850 PMCID: PMC10825065 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging results in the progressive decline of muscle strength. Interventions to maintain muscle strength may mitigate the age-related loss of physical function, thus maximizing health span. The work on environmental enrichment (EE), an experimental paradigm recapitulating aspects of an active lifestyle, has revealed EE-induced metabolic benefits mediated by a brain-fat axis across the lifespan of mice. EE initiated at 18-month of age shows a trend toward an increased mean lifespan. While previous work described EE's influences on the aging dynamics of several central-peripheral processes, its influence on muscle remained understudied. Here, the impact of EE is investigated on motor function, neuromuscular physiology, and the skeletal muscle transcriptome. EE is initiated in 20-month-old mice for a five-month period. EE mice exhibit greater relative lean mass that is associated with improved mobility and hindlimb grip strength. Transcriptomic profiling of muscle tissue reveals an EE-associated enrichment of gene expression within several metabolic pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and the TCA cycle. Many mitochondrial-related genes-several of which participate in the electron transport chain-are upregulated. Stress-responsive signaling pathways are downregulated because of EE. The results suggest that EE improves motor function-possibly through preservation of mitochondrial function-even late in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xunchang Zou
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - W. David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alissa Ray
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Owendoff
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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7
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Yee EM, Hauser CT, Petrocelli JJ, de Hart NMMP, Ferrara PJ, Bombyck P, Fennel ZJ, van Onselen L, Mookerjee S, Funai K, Symons JD, Drummond MJ. Treadmill training does not enhance skeletal muscle recovery following disuse atrophy in older male mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1263500. [PMID: 37942230 PMCID: PMC10628510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1263500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A hallmark of aging is poor muscle recovery following disuse atrophy. Efficacious strategies to enhance muscle recovery following disuse atrophy in aging are non-existent. Prior exercise training could result in favorable muscle morphological and cellular adaptations that may promote muscle recovery in aging. Here, we characterized the impact of exercise training on skeletal muscle inflammatory and metabolic profiles and cellular remodeling and function, together with femoral artery reactivity prior to and following recovery from disuse atrophy in aged male mice. We hypothesized that 12 weeks of treadmill training in aged male mice would improve skeletal muscle cellular remodeling at baseline and during recovery from disuse atrophy, resulting in improved muscle regrowth. Methods: Physical performance, ex vivo muscle and vascular function, tissue and organ mass, hindlimb muscle cellular remodeling (macrophage, satellite cell, capillary, myofiber size, and fibrosis), and proteolytic, inflammatory, and metabolic muscle transcripts were evaluated in aged exercise-trained and sedentary mice. Results: We found that at baseline following exercise training (vs. sedentary mice), exercise capacity and physical function increased, fat mass decreased, and endothelial function improved. However, exercise training did not alter tibialis anterior or gastrocnemius muscle transcriptional profile, macrophage, satellite cell, capillarity or collagen content, or myofiber size and only tended to increase tibialis mass during recovery from disuse atrophy. Conclusion: While exercise training in old male mice improved endothelial function, physical performance, and whole-body tissue composition as anticipated, 12 weeks of treadmill training had limited impact on skeletal muscle remodeling at baseline or in response to recovery following disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Yee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Carson T. Hauser
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Naomi M. M. P. de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Patrick J. Ferrara
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Princess Bombyck
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Zachary J. Fennel
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lisha van Onselen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sohom Mookerjee
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J. David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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8
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Pham T, Dollet L, Ali MS, Raun SH, Møller LL, Jafari A, Ditzel N, Andersen NR, Fritzen AM, Gerhart-Hines Z, Kiens B, Suomalainen A, Simpson SJ, Salling Olsen M, Kieser A, Schjerling P, Nieminen AI, Richter EA, Havula E, Sylow L. TNIK is a conserved regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7119. [PMID: 37556547 PMCID: PMC10411879 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are growing health challenges with unmet treatment needs. Traf2- and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) is a recently identified obesity- and T2D-associated gene with unknown functions. We show that TNIK governs lipid and glucose homeostasis in Drosophila and mice. Loss of the Drosophila ortholog of TNIK, misshapen, altered the metabolite profiles and impaired de novo lipogenesis in high sugar-fed larvae. Tnik knockout mice exhibited hyperlocomotor activity and were protected against diet-induced fat expansion, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. The improved lipid profile of Tnik knockout mice was accompanied by enhanced skeletal muscle and adipose tissue insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose and lipid handling. Using the T2D Knowledge Portal and the UK Biobank, we observed associations of TNIK variants with blood glucose, HbA1c, body mass index, body fat percentage, and feeding behavior. These results define an untapped paradigm of TNIK-controlled glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Phung Pham
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucile Dollet
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona S. Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H. Raun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L. V. Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Biomedical Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M. Fritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia
| | - Morten Salling Olsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Building 9312, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnd Kieser
- Helmholtz Centre Munich–German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anni I. Nieminen
- FIMM Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Essi Havula
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Baek JH, Kim HS, Kim IY, Seong JK. Microbiota influences host exercise capacity via modulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in mice. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1820-1830. [PMID: 37542180 PMCID: PMC10474268 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota enhances exercise performance and regulates host physiology and energy metabolism by producing beneficial metabolites via bacterial fermentation. In this study, we discovered that germ-free (GF) mice had a reduced capacity for aerobic exercise as well as low oxygen consumption rates and glucose availability. Surprisingly, GF mice showed lower body weight gain and lower fat mass than specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that these paradoxical phenotypes could be mediated by a compensatory increase in lipolysis in adipose tissues owing to impaired glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. Our data revealed that gut microbiota depletion impairs host aerobic exercise capacity via the deterioration of glucose storage and utilization. The improved browning ability of GF mice may have contributed to the lean phenotype and negatively affected energy generation. These adaptations limit obesity in GF mice but impede their immediate fuel supply during exercise, resulting in decreased exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Su Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ganji E, Lamia SN, Stepanovich M, Whyte N, Goulet RW, Abraham AC, Killian ML. Optogenetic-induced muscle loading leads to mechanical adaptation of the Achilles tendon enthesis in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4683. [PMID: 37352350 PMCID: PMC10289645 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal shape depends on the transmission of contractile muscle forces from tendon to bone across the enthesis. Loss of muscle loading impairs enthesis development, yet little is known if and how the postnatal enthesis adapts to increased loading. Here, we studied adaptations in enthesis structure and function in response to increased loading, using optogenetically induced muscle contraction in young (i.e., growth) and adult (i.e., mature) mice. Daily bouts of unilateral optogenetic loading in young mice led to radial calcaneal expansion and warping. This also led to a weaker enthesis with increased collagen damage in young tendon and enthisis, with little change in adult mice. We then used RNA sequencing to identify the pathways associated with increased mechanical loading during growth. In tendon, we found enrichment of glycolysis, focal adhesion, and cell-matrix interactions. In bone, we found enrichment of inflammation and cell cycle. Together, we demonstrate the utility of optogenetic-induced muscle contraction to elicit in vivo adaptation of the enthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ganji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Syeda N. Lamia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Stepanovich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noelle Whyte
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert W. Goulet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam C. Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan L. Killian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19713, USA
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11
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Ganji E, Lamia SN, Stepanovich M, Whyte N, Abraham AC, Killian ML. Optogenetic-Induced Muscle Loading Leads to Mechanical Adaptation of the Achilles Tendon Enthesis in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536376. [PMID: 37090593 PMCID: PMC10120626 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the skeleton depends on the transmission of contractile muscle forces from tendon to bone across the extracellular matrix-rich enthesis. Loss of muscle loading leads to significant impairments in enthesis development. However, little is known about how the enthesis responds to increased loading during postnatal growth. To study the cellular and matrix adaptations of the enthesis in response to increased muscle loading, we used optogenetics to induce skeletal muscle contraction and unilaterally load the Achilles tendon and enthesis in young (i.e., during growth) and adult (i.e., mature) mice. In young mice, daily bouts of unilateral optogenetic loading led to expansion of the calcaneal apophysis and growth plate, as well as increased vascularization of the normally avascular enthesis. Daily loading bouts, delivered for 3 weeks, also led to a mechanically weaker enthesis with increased molecular-level accumulation of collagen damage in young mice. However, adult mice did not exhibit impaired mechanical properties or noticeable structural adaptations to the enthesis. We then focused on the transcriptional response of the young tendon and bone following optogenetic-induced loading. After 1 or 2 weeks of loading, we identified, in tendon, transcriptional activation of canonical pathways related to glucose metabolism (glycolysis) and inhibited pathways associated with cytoskeletal remodeling (e.g., RHOA and CREB signaling). In bone, we identified activation of inflammatory signaling (e.g., NFkB and STAT3 signaling) and inhibition of ERK/MAPK and PTEN signaling. Thus, we have demonstrated the utility of optogenetic-induced skeletal muscle contraction to elicit structural, functional, and molecular adaptation of the enthesis in vivo especially during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ganji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Syeda N Lamia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Matthew Stepanovich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Noelle Whyte
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Adam C Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Megan L Killian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave., Newark, Delaware, 19713
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12
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Lee TH, Devaki M, Formolo DA, Rosa JM, Cheng ASK, Yau SY. Effects of Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise on Chemotherapy-Impaired Cognitive and Motor Performance in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5371. [PMID: 37047984 PMCID: PMC10094707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (chemobrain) and muscle wasting (cachexia) are persisting side effects which adversely affect the quality of life of cancer survivors. We therefore investigated the efficacy of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to reverse the adverse effects of chemotherapy. We examined whether physical exercise in terms of voluntary wheel running could prevent chemotherapy-induced cognitive and motor impairments in mice treated with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Adult male BALB/c mice were subdivided into runner and non-runner groups and orally administered with sorafenib (60 mg/kg) or vehicle continuously for four weeks. Mice could freely access the running wheel anytime during sorafenib or vehicle treatment. We found that sorafenib treatment reduced body weight gain (% of change, vehicle: 3.28 ± 3.29, sorafenib: -9.24 ± 1.52, p = 0.0004), impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in the Y maze (exploration index, vehicle: 35.57 ± 11.38%, sorafenib: -29.62 ± 7.90%, p < 0.0001), increased anhedonia-like behaviour in the sucrose preference test (sucrose preference, vehicle: 66.57 ± 3.52%, sorafenib: 44.54 ± 4.25%, p = 0.0005) and impaired motor skill acquisition in rotarod test (latency to fall on day 1: 37.87 ± 8.05 and day 2: 37.22 ± 12.26 s, p > 0.05) but did not induce muscle wasting or reduce grip strength. Concomitant voluntary running reduced anhedonia-like behaviour (sucrose preference, sedentary: 44.54 ± 4.25%, runners: 59.33 ± 4.02%, p = 0.0357), restored impairment in motor skill acquisition (latency to fall on day 1: 50.85 ± 15.45 and day 2: 168.50 ± 37.08 s, p = 0.0004), but failed to rescue spatial memory deficit. Immunostaining results revealed that sorafenib treatment did not affect the number of proliferating cells and immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), whereas running significantly increased cell proliferation in both vehicle- (total Ki-67+ cells, sedentary: 16,687.34 ± 72.63, exercise: 3320.03 ± 182.57, p < 0.0001) and sorafenib-treated mice (Ki-67+ cells in the ventral DG, sedentary: 688.82.34 ± 38.16, exercise: 979.53 ± 73.88, p < 0.0400). Our results suggest that spatial memory impairment and anhedonia-like behaviour precede the presence of muscle wasting, and these behavioural deficits are independent of the changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Running effectively prevents body weight loss, improves motor skill acquisition and reduces anhedonia-like behaviour associated with increased proliferating cells and immature neurons in DG. Taken together, they support physical exercise rehabilitation as an effective strategy to prevent chemotherapy side effects in terms of mood dysregulation and motor deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Malegaddi Devaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Douglas A. Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Julia M. Rosa
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Andy S. K. Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (T.H.L.); (M.D.); (D.A.F.); (J.M.R.)
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Aging (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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13
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Vogt ÉL, Von Dentz MC, Rocha DS, Model JFA, Kowalewski LS, Silveira D, de Amaral M, de Bittencourt Júnior PIH, Kucharski LC, Krause M, Vinagre AS. Acute effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on cell metabolism and signaling: Comparison between lean and obese rats. Life Sci 2023; 315:121357. [PMID: 36634864 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although the benefits of exercise can be potentiated by fasting in healthy subjects, few studies evaluated the effects of this intervention on the metabolism of obese subjects. This study investigated the immediate effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on the metabolism of gastrocnemius and soleus of lean and obese rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) for twelve weeks to induce obesity or were fed standard diet (SD). After this period, the animals were subdivided in groups: fed and rest (FER), fed and exercise (30 min treadmill, FEE), 8 h fasted and rest (FAR) and fasted and exercise (FAE). Muscle samples were used to investigate the oxidative capacity and gene expression of AMPK, PGC1α, SIRT1, HSF1 and HSP70. KEY FINDINGS In relation to lean animals, obese animals' gastrocnemius glycogen decreased 60 %, triglycerides increased 31 %; glucose and alanine oxidation decreased 26 % and 38 %, respectively; in soleus, triglycerides reduced 46 % and glucose oxidation decreased 37 %. Exercise and fasting induced different effects in glycolytic and oxidative muscles of obese rats. In soleus, fasting exercise spared glycogen and increased palmitate oxidation, while in gastrocnemius, glucose oxidation increased. In obese animals' gastrocnemius, AMPK expression decreased 29 % and SIRT1 increased 28 % in relation to lean. The AMPK response was more sensitive to exercise and fasting in lean than obese rats. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise and fasting induced different effects on the metabolism of glycolytic and oxidative muscles of obese rats that can promote health benefits in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Lopes Vogt
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiza Cristina Von Dentz
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Santos Rocha
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Felipe Argenta Model
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Silveira
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marjoriane de Amaral
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Júnior
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kucharski
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anapaula Sommer Vinagre
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Araki H, Hino S, Anan K, Kuribayashi K, Etoh K, Seko D, Takase R, Kohrogi K, Hino Y, Ono Y, Araki E, Nakao M. LSD1 defines the fiber type-selective responsiveness to environmental stress in skeletal muscle. eLife 2023; 12:84618. [PMID: 36695573 PMCID: PMC9876571 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity in response to environmental cues, with stress-dependent effects on the fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibers. Although stress-induced gene expression underlies environmental adaptation, it is unclear how transcriptional and epigenetic factors regulate fiber type-specific responses in the muscle. Here, we show that flavin-dependent lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) differentially controls responses to glucocorticoid and exercise in postnatal skeletal muscle. Using skeletal muscle-specific LSD1-knockout mice and in vitro approaches, we found that LSD1 loss exacerbated glucocorticoid-induced atrophy in the fast fiber-dominant muscles, with reduced nuclear retention of Foxk1, an anti-autophagic transcription factor. Furthermore, LSD1 depletion enhanced endurance exercise-induced hypertrophy in the slow fiber-dominant muscles, by induced expression of ERRγ, a transcription factor that promotes oxidative metabolism genes. Thus, LSD1 serves as an 'epigenetic barrier' that optimizes fiber type-specific responses and muscle mass under the stress conditions. Our results uncover that LSD1 modulators provide emerging therapeutic and preventive strategies against stress-induced myopathies such as sarcopenia, cachexia, and disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Araki
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kotaro Anan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kanji Kuribayashi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kan Etoh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Daiki Seko
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Ryuta Takase
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kensaku Kohrogi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuko Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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15
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Yang I, Oh SY, Jang S, Kim IY, Sung YM, Seong JK. Mettl14 mutation restrains liver regeneration by attenuating mitogens derived from non-parenchymal liver cells. BMB Rep 2022; 55:633-638. [PMID: 36284441 PMCID: PMC9813429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a well-known systemic homeostatic phenomenon. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification pathway has been associated with liver regeneration and hepatocellular carcinoma. m6A methyltransferases, such as methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) and methyltransferase 14 (METTL14), are involved in the hepatocyte-specific-regenerative pathway. To illustrate the role of METTL14, secreted from non-parenchymal liver cells, in the initiation phase of liver regeneration, we performed 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in Mettl14 heterozygous (HET) and wild-type (WT) mice. Next, we analyzed the ratio of liver weight to body weight and the expression of mitogenic stimulators derived from non-parenchymal liver cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of cell cycle-related genes and the hepatocyte proliferation rate via MKI67-immunostaining. During regeneration after PH, the weight ratio was lower in Mettl14 HET mice compared to WT mice. The expressions of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, mitogens derived from non-parenchymal liver cells that stimulate the cell cycle, as well as the expressions of cyclin B1 and D1, which regulate the cell cycle, and the number of MKI67-positive cells, which indicate proliferative hepatocyte in the late G1-M phase, were significantly reduced in Mettl14 HET mice 72 h after PH. Our findings demonstrate that global Mettl14 mutation may interrupt the homeostasis of liver regeneration after an acute injury like PH by restraining certain mitogens, such as HGF and TNF-α, derived from sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells, and Kupffer cells. These results provide new insights into the role of METTL14 in the clinical treatment strategies of liver disease. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 633-638].
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Affiliation(s)
- Insook Yang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Oh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Suin Jang
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - You Me Sung
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-885-8395; Fax: +82-2-885-8397; E-mail:
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16
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Kim IY, Seong JK. Resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle strength provides protective effects on high-fat-diet-induced metabolic stress in mice. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:36. [PMID: 36461131 PMCID: PMC9716768 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise training is known to improve metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of resistance exercise training persisted even after the discontinuation of training with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress. We further evaluated whether the improvement in skeletal muscle strength and endurance by training were correlated with improved metabolism. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were divided into groups that remained sedentary or had access to daily resistance exercise via ladder climbing for 8 weeks. Trained and untrained mice were fed an HFD for 1 week after the exercise training intervention (n = 5-8 per group). RESULTS Resistance exercise-trained mice had a lean phenotype and counteracted diet-induced obesity and glucose tolerance, even after exercise cessation. Grip strength was significantly inversely correlated with the body weight, fat mass, and glucose tolerance. However, hanging time was significantly inversely correlated with body weight only. CONCLUSIONS These results have strong implications for the preventive effect of resistance exercise-induced metabolic improvement by enhancing skeletal muscle strength rather than endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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17
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Yang I, Oh SY, Jang S, Kim IY, Sung YM, Seong JK. Mettl14 mutation restrains liver regeneration by attenuating mitogens derived from non-parenchymal liver cells. BMB Rep 2022; 55:633-638. [PMID: 36284441 PMCID: PMC9813429 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a well-known systemic homeostatic phenomenon. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification pathway has been associated with liver regeneration and hepatocellular carcinoma. m6A methyltransferases, such as methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) and methyltransferase 14 (METTL14), are involved in the hepatocyte-specific-regenerative pathway. To illustrate the role of METTL14, secreted from non-parenchymal liver cells, in the initiation phase of liver regeneration, we performed 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in Mettl14 heterozygous (HET) and wild-type (WT) mice. Next, we analyzed the ratio of liver weight to body weight and the expression of mitogenic stimulators derived from non-parenchymal liver cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of cell cycle-related genes and the hepatocyte proliferation rate via MKI67-immunostaining. During regeneration after PH, the weight ratio was lower in Mettl14 HET mice compared to WT mice. The expressions of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, mitogens derived from non-parenchymal liver cells that stimulate the cell cycle, as well as the expressions of cyclin B1 and D1, which regulate the cell cycle, and the number of MKI67-positive cells, which indicate proliferative hepatocyte in the late G1-M phase, were significantly reduced in Mettl14 HET mice 72 h after PH. Our findings demonstrate that global Mettl14 mutation may interrupt the homeostasis of liver regeneration after an acute injury like PH by restraining certain mitogens, such as HGF and TNF-α, derived from sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells, and Kupffer cells. These results provide new insights into the role of METTL14 in the clinical treatment strategies of liver disease. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 633-638].
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Affiliation(s)
- Insook Yang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Oh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Suin Jang
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - You Me Sung
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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18
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Bartra C, Jager LA, Alcarraz A, Meza-Ramos A, Sangüesa G, Corpas R, Guasch E, Batlle M, Sanfeliu C. Antioxidant Molecular Brain Changes Parallel Adaptive Cardiovascular Response to Forced Running in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1891. [PMID: 36290614 PMCID: PMC9598430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physically active lifestyle has huge implications for the health and well-being of people of all ages. However, excessive training can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart fibrosis and arrhythmia. In addition, strenuous exercise may impair brain plasticity. Here we investigate the presence of any deleterious effects induced by chronic high-intensity exercise, although not reaching exhaustion. We analyzed cardiovascular, cognitive, and cerebral molecular changes in young adult male mice submitted to treadmill running for eight weeks at moderate or high-intensity regimens compared to sedentary mice. Exercised mice showed decreased weight gain, which was significant for the high-intensity group. Exercised mice showed cardiac hypertrophy but with no signs of hemodynamic overload. No morphological changes in the descending aorta were observed, either. High-intensity training induced a decrease in heart rate and an increase in motor skills. However, it did not impair recognition or spatial memory, and, accordingly, the expression of hippocampal and cerebral cortical neuroplasticity markers was maintained. Interestingly, proteasome enzymatic activity increased in the cerebral cortex of all trained mice, and catalase expression was significantly increased in the high-intensity group; both first-line mechanisms contribute to maintaining redox homeostasis. Therefore, physical exercise at an intensity that induces adaptive cardiovascular changes parallels increases in antioxidant defenses to prevent brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bartra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Andre Jager
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Alcarraz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aline Meza-Ramos
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Proteomic analysis of the effect of high-fat-diet and voluntary physical activity on mouse liver. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273049. [PMID: 35981048 PMCID: PMC9387828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), characterized by an abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and changes in lipogenesis in the liver. The accumulation of hepatic lipids can lead to a range of pathologies from mild steatosis to severe cirrhosis. Endurance exercise is known to ameliorate the adverse health effects of NAFLD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running (VWR) on the metabolic changes in the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice and used LC-MS/MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) to determine whether the tested intervention affected the protein expression profiles of the mouse livers. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (CON), high-fat diet sedentary group (HFD), high-fat diet VWR group (HFX). HFX group performed voluntary wheel running into individually cages, given a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Food consumption, body weight, and running distance were measured every week. Using 2D (2-dimensional)-gel electrophoresis, we detected and quantitatively analyzed the protein expression with >2.0-fold change in the livers of HFD-fed mice, HFD-fed exercise (HFX) mice, and chow-fed mice. Body weight was significantly increased in HFD compared to CON (P < 0.05). The 2D-gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that there was a difference between CON and HFD groups, showing 31 increased and 27 decreased spots in the total 302 paired spots in the HFD group compared to CON. The analysis showed 43 increased and 17 decreased spots in the total 258 spots in the HFX group compared to CON. Moreover, 12 weeks of VWR showed an increase of 35 and a decrease of 8 spots in a total of 264 paired spots between HFD and HFX. LC-MS/MS of HFD group revealed that proteins involved in ketogenesis, lipid metabolism, and the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics were upregulated, whereas detoxifying proteins, mitochondrial precursors, transport proteins, proteasomes, and proteins involved in amino acid metabolism were downregulated. On the other hand, VWR counteracted the protein expression profile of HFD-fed mice by upregulating molecular chaperones, gluconeogenesis-, detoxification-, proteasome-, and energy metabolism-related proteins. This study provided a molecular understanding of the HFD- and exercise-induced protein marker expression and presented the beneficial effects of exercise during pathophysiological conditions.
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20
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Hastings MH, Herrera JJ, Guseh JS, Atlason B, Houstis NE, Abdul Kadir A, Li H, Sheffield C, Singh AP, Roh JD, Day SM, Rosenzweig A. Animal Models of Exercise From Rodents to Pythons. Circ Res 2022; 130:1994-2014. [PMID: 35679366 PMCID: PMC9202075 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic animal models of exercise are commonly used in research. Acute exercise testing is used, often in combination with genetic, pharmacological, or other manipulations, to study the impact of these manipulations on the cardiovascular response to exercise and to detect impairments or improvements in cardiovascular function that may not be evident at rest. Chronic exercise conditioning models are used to study the cardiac phenotypic response to regular exercise training and as a platform for discovery of novel pathways mediating cardiovascular benefits conferred by exercise conditioning that could be exploited therapeutically. The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well established, and, frequently, molecular manipulations that mimic the pathway changes induced by exercise recapitulate at least some of its benefits. This review discusses approaches for assessing cardiovascular function during an acute exercise challenge in rodents, as well as practical and conceptual considerations in the use of common rodent exercise conditioning models. The case for studying feeding in the Burmese python as a model for exercise-like physiological adaptation is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Hastings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jonathan J Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.J.H.)
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Bjarni Atlason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Nicholas E Houstis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Cedric Sheffield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Anand P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jason D Roh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine' University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D.)
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
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21
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Goto-Inoue N, Morisasa M, Kimura K, Mori T, Furuichi Y, Manabe Y, Fujii NL. Mass spectrometry imaging reveals local metabolic changes in skeletal muscle due to chronic training. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:730-738. [PMID: 35285857 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a major health problem that needs effective prevention and treatment approaches. Chronic exercise, an effective treatment strategy for atrophy, promotes muscle hypertrophy, which leads to dynamic metabolic changes; however, the metabolic changes vary among myofiber types. To investigate local metabolic changes due to chronic exercise, we utilized comprehensive proteome and mass spectrometry (MS) imaging analyses. Our training model exhibited hypertrophic features only in glycolytic myofibers. The proteome analyses demonstrated that exercise promoted anabolic pathways, such as protein synthesis, and significant changes in lipid metabolism, but not in glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the fundamental energy sources, glycogen, neutral lipids, and ATP, were sensitive to exercise, and the changes in these sources differed between glycolytic and oxidative myofibers. MS imaging revealed that the lipid composition differs among myofibers; arachidonic acid might be an effective target for promoting lipid metabolism during muscle hypertrophy in oxidative myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mizuki Morisasa
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kimura
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Mori
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuro Furuichi
- Health Promotion Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Manabe
- Health Promotion Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Health Promotion Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Seong JK. AMP-activated protein kinase activation in skeletal muscle modulates exercise-induced uncoupled protein 1 expression in brown adipocyte in mouse model. J Physiol 2022; 600:2359-2376. [PMID: 35301717 PMCID: PMC9322297 DOI: 10.1113/jp282999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Aerobic exercise is an effective intervention in preventing obesity and is also an important factor associated with thermogenesis. There is an increasing interest in the factors and mechanisms induced by aerobic exercise that can influence the metabolism and thermogenic activity in an individual. Recent studies suggest that exercise induced circulating factors (known as ‘exerkines’), which are able to modulate activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the effect of exercise‐induced peripheral factors on BAT activation remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the role of exercise training in BAT activation is still debatable. Hence, the purpose of our study is to assess whether exercise training affects the expression of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipocytes via release of different blood factors. Four weeks of exercise training significantly decreased the body weight gain and fat mass gain. Furthermore, trained mice exhibit higher levels of energy expenditure and UCP1 expression than untrained mice. Surprisingly, treatment with serum from exercise‐trained mice increased the expression of UCP1 in differentiated brown adipocytes. To gain a better understanding of these mechanisms, we analysed the conditioned media obtained after treating the C2C12 myotubes with an AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (AICAR; 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide), which leads to an increased expression of UCP1 when added to brown adipocytes. Our observations suggest the possibility of aerobic exercise‐induced BAT activation via activation of AMPK in skeletal muscles. Key points Exercise promotes thermogenesis by activating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which leads to a decrease in the body weight gain and body fat content. However, little is known about the role of exerkines in modulating UCP1 expression and subsequent brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. Four weeks of voluntary wheel‐running exercise reduces body weight and fat content. Exercise induces the increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and slow‐type muscle fibre marker genes in skeletal muscles and promotes UCP1 expression in white and brown adipose tissues. Incubation of brown adipocytes with serum isolated from exercise‐trained mice significantly increased their UCP1 gene and protein levels; moreover, conditioned media of AMPK‐activator‐treated C2C12 myotubes induces increased UCP1 expression in brown adipocytes. These results show that aerobic exercise‐induced skeletal muscle AMPK has a significant effect on UCP1 expression in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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23
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Connolly MG, Bruce SR, Kohman RA. Exercise duration differentially effects age-related neuroinflammation and hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuroscience 2022; 490:275-286. [PMID: 35331843 PMCID: PMC9038708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The physiological effects of exercise vary as a function of frequency and length. However, research on the duration-dependent effects of exercise has focused primarily on young adults and less is known about the influence of exercise duration in the aged. The current study compared the effects of short-term and long-term running wheel access on hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroimmune markers in aged (19-23 months) male C57BL/6J mice. Aged mice were given 24-hour access to a running wheel for 14 days (short-term) or 51 days (long-term). Groups of non-running aged and young (5 months) mice served as comparison groups to detect age-related differences and effects of exercise. Long-term, but not short-term, exercise increased hippocampal neurogenesis as assessed by number of doublecortin (DCX) positive cells in the granular cell layer. Assessment of cytokines, receptors, and glial-activation markers showed the expected age-related increase compared to young controls. In the aged, exercise as a function of duration regulated select aspects of the neuroimmune profile. For instance, hippocampal expression of interleukin (IL)-10 was increased only following long-term exercise. While in contrast brain levels of IL-6 were reduced by both short- and long-term exercise. Additional findings showed that exercise does not modulate all aspects of age-related neuroinflammation and/or may have differential effects in hippocampal compared to brain samples. Overall, the data indicate that increasing exercise duration produces more robust effects on immune modulation and hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Connolly
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Animal Sciences, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Spencer R Bruce
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Psychology, Wilmington, NC, USA.
| | - Rachel A Kohman
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Psychology, Wilmington, NC, USA.
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24
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Tanimura R, Kobayashi L, Shirai T, Takemasa T. Effects of exercise intensity on white adipose tissue browning and its regulatory signals in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15205. [PMID: 35286020 PMCID: PMC8919700 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been classified into white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue the latter of which is produced as WAT changes into BAT due to exposure to cold temperature or exercise. In response to these stimulations, WAT produces heat by increasing mitochondrial contents and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), thus facilitating browning. Exercise is known to be one of the triggers for WAT browning, but the effects of exercise intensity on the browning of WAT remain to be unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of high- or low-intensity exercises on the browning of WAT. Mice performed high- or low-intensity running on a treadmill running 3 days a week for four weeks. As per our findings, it was determined that four weeks of running did not significantly reduce inguinal WAT (iWAT) wet weight but did significantly reduce adipocytes size, regardless of exercise intensity. The protein expression level of UCP1 was significantly increased in iWAT by high-intensity running. In addition, the expression of oxidative phosphorylation proteins (OXPHOS) in iWAT was significantly increased by high-intensity running. These results demonstrated that high-intensity exercise might be effective for increasing mitochondrial contents and heat production capacity in iWAT. Furthermore, we found that high-intensity running increased the protein expression level of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in skeletal muscle compared with that in low intensity running. We have also examined the relationship between browning of WAT and the expression of FGF21 in skeletal muscle and found a positive correlation between the protein expression of UCP1 in iWAT and the protein expression of FGF21 in gastrocnemius muscle. In conclusion, we suggest that high-intensity exercise is effective for the browning of WAT and the increase of FGF21 in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Tanimura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Leo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- JIJI PRESS LtdCyuo‐kuJapan
| | - Takanaga Shirai
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
- Faculty of Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sports SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
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25
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Hsueh HY, Pita-Grisanti V, Gumpper-Fedus K, Lahooti A, Chavez-Tomar M, Schadler K, Cruz-Monserrate Z. A review of physical activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology, intervention, animal models, and clinical trials. Pancreatology 2022; 22:98-111. [PMID: 34750076 PMCID: PMC8748405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer, and the increasing incidence of PDAC may be related to the prevalence of obesity. Physical activity (PA), a method known to mitigate obesity by increasing total energy expenditure, also modifies multiple cellular pathways associated with cancer hallmarks. Epidemiologic evidence has shown that PA can lower the risk of developing a variety of cancers, reduce some of the detrimental side effects of treatments, and improve patient's quality of life during cancer treatment. However, little is known about the pathways underlying the correlations observed between PA interventions and PDAC. Moreover, there is no standard dose of PA intervention that is ideal for PDAC prevention or as an adjuvant of cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize relevant literature showing how PDAC patients can benefit from PA, the potential of PA as an adjuvant treatment for PDAC, the studies using preclinical models of PDAC to study PA, and the clinical trials to date assessing the effects of PA in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yin Hsueh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valentina Pita-Grisanti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ali Lahooti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Myrriah Chavez-Tomar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Dufresne S, Richard C, Dieumegard A, Orfila L, Delpon G, Chiavassa S, Martin B, Rouvière L, Escoffre JM, Oujagir E, Denis de Senneville B, Bouakaz A, Rioux-Leclercq N, Potiron V, Rébillard A. Voluntary Wheel Running Does Not Enhance Radiotherapy Efficiency in a Preclinical Model of Prostate Cancer: The Importance of Physical Activity Modalities? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215402. [PMID: 34771565 PMCID: PMC8582584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a strategy able to improve cancer patient outcome, and its potential to enhance treatment response is promising, despite being unclear. In our study we used a preclinical model of prostate cancer to investigate whether voluntary wheel running (VWR) could improve tumor perfusion and enhance radiotherapy (RT) efficiency. Nude athymic mice were injected with PC-3 cancer cells and either remained inactive or were housed with running wheels. Apparent microbubble transport was enhanced with VWR, which we hypothesized could improve the RT response. When repeating the experiments and adding RT, however, we observed that VWR did not influence RT efficiency. These findings contrasted with previous results and prompted us to evaluate if the lack of effects observed on tumor growth could be attributable to the physical activity modality used. Using PC-3 and PPC-1 xenografts, we randomized mice to either inactive controls, VWR, or treadmill running (TR). In both models, TR (but not VWR) slowed down tumor growth, suggesting that the anti-cancer effects of physical activity are dependent on its modalities. Providing a better understanding of which activity type should be recommended to cancer patients thus appears essential to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Dufresne
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S)-EA7470, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.D.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (L.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Cindy Richard
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S)-EA7470, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.D.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (L.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Arthur Dieumegard
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S)-EA7470, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.D.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (L.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Luz Orfila
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S)-EA7470, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.D.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (L.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Gregory Delpon
- Centre René Gauducheau, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, F-44805 Saint Herblain, France; (G.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Sophie Chiavassa
- Centre René Gauducheau, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, F-44805 Saint Herblain, France; (G.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Brice Martin
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S)-EA7470, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.D.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (L.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Laurent Rouvière
- IRMAR-UMR CNRS 6625, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Jean-Michel Escoffre
- UMR 1253, iBrain, INSERM, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (J.-M.E.); (E.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Edward Oujagir
- UMR 1253, iBrain, INSERM, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (J.-M.E.); (E.O.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR 1253, iBrain, INSERM, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; (J.-M.E.); (E.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Université Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Vincent Potiron
- IRMAR-UMR CNRS 6625, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.R.); (V.P.)
- LaBCT, CRCINA INSERM U1232, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Amélie Rébillard
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S)-EA7470, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.D.); (C.R.); (A.D.); (L.O.); (B.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-29-009-1587
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Lee SS, Kim YA, Eun B, Yoo J, Kim EM, Nam MS, Kim KK. Betaine, a component of Lycium chinense, enhances muscular endurance of mice and myogenesis of myoblasts. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5083-5091. [PMID: 34532017 PMCID: PMC8441376 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function that occurs mainly in older adults. The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that water extract of Lycium chinense (WELC) would improve muscle function and promote myogenesis for sarcopenia. We investigated the effect of water extracts of L. chinense on muscular endurance function and myogenesis to examine its efficacy in sarcopenia. Intake of WELC-containing cheese enhanced the muscular endurance function of mice in treadmill endurance tests. In addition, the cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle of L. chinense-fed mice were greater than that of control mice. Furthermore, WELC and its key component marker substance betaine promoted myogenesis of myoblasts by increasing the expression of the myogenic protein myosin heavy chain 3 (Myh3) and myotube formation. Taken together, our results suggest that L. chinense may potentially be useful in the development of preventive and therapeutic agents for sarcopenia, as well as in providing basic knowledge on myogenesis and muscular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Yong-An Kim
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Bokkee Eun
- Core Laboratory for Convergent Translational Research Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jayeon Yoo
- National Institute of Animal Science RDA Wanjugun Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Nam
- Division of Animal Resource Science Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
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Endo Y, Zhang Y, Olumi S, Karvar M, Argawal S, Neppl RL, Sinha I. Exercise-induced gene expression changes in skeletal muscle of old mice. Genomics 2021; 113:2965-2976. [PMID: 34214629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is believed to be beneficial for skeletal muscle functions across all ages. Regimented exercise is often prescribed as an effective treatment/prophylaxis for age-related loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, and plays an important role in the maintenance of mobility and functional independence in the elderly. However, response to exercise declines with aging, resulting in limited gain of muscle strength and endurance. These changes likely reflect age-dependent alterations in transcriptional response underlying the muscular adaptation to exercise. The exact changes in gene expression accompanying exercise, however, are largely unknown, and elucidating them is of a great clinical interest for understanding and optimizing the exercise-based therapies for sarcopenia. In order to characterize the exercise-induced transcriptomic changes in aged muscle, a paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on rRNA-depleted total RNA extracted from the gastrocnemius muscles of 24 months-old mice after 8 weeks of regimented exercise (exercise group) or no formal exercise program (sedentary group). Differential gene expression analysis of aged skeletal muscle revealed upregulations in the group of genes involved in neurotransmission and neuroexcitation, as well as equally notable absence of anabolic gene upregulations in the exercise group. In particular, genes encoding the transporters and receptor components of glutaminergic transmission were significantly upregulated in exercised muscles, as exemplified by Gria 1, Gria 2 and Grin2c encoding glutamate receptor 1, 2 and 2C respectively, Grin1 and Grin2b encoding N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), Nptx1 responsible for glutaminergic receptor clustering, and Slc1a2 and Slc17a7 regulating synaptic uptake of glutamate. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the post-synaptic density of NMDARs and acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), as well as their innervation at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These results suggest that neural responses predominate the adaptive response of aged skeletal muscle to exercise, and indicate a possibility that glutaminergic transmission at NMJs may be present and responsible for synaptic protection and neural remodeling accompanying the exercise-induced functional enhancement in aged skeletal muscle. In addition, the absence of upregulations in the anabolic pathways highlights them as the area of potential pharmacological targeting for optimizing exercise-led sarcopenia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shayan Olumi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehran Karvar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shailesh Argawal
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronald L Neppl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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Dunkley JC, Irion CI, Yousefi K, Shehadeh SA, Lambert G, John-Williams K, Webster KA, Goldberger JJ, Shehadeh LA. Carvedilol and exercise combination therapy improves systolic but not diastolic function and reduces plasma osteopontin in Col4a3-/- Alport mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1862-H1872. [PMID: 33769915 PMCID: PMC8163658 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Here we compared the effects of exercise with and without α/β-adrenergic blockade with carvedilol in Col4a3-/- Alport mice, a model of the phenogroup 3 subclass of HFpEF with underlying renal dysfunction. Alport mice were assigned to the following groups: no treatment control (n = 29), carvedilol (n = 11), voluntary exercise (n = 9), and combination carvedilol and exercise (n = 8). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography after 4-wk treatments. Running activity of Alport mice was similar to wild types at 1 mo of age but markedly reduced at 2 mo (1.3 ± 0.40 vs. 4.5 ± 1.02 km/day, P < 0.05). There was a nonsignificant trend for increased running activity at 2 mo by carvedilol in the combination treatment group. Combination treatments conferred increased body weight of Col4a3-/- mice (22.0 ± 1.18 vs. 17.8 ± 0.29 g in untreated mice, P < 0.01), suggesting improved physiology, and heart rates declined by similar increments in all carvedilol-treatment groups. The combination treatment improved systolic parameters; stroke volume (30.5 ± 1.99 vs. 17.8 ± 0.77 μL, P < 0.0001) as well as ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain compared with controls. Myocardial performance index was normalized by all interventions (P < 0.0001). Elevated osteopontin plasma levels in control Alport mice were significantly lowered only by combination treatment, and renal function of the Alport group assessed by urine albumin creatinine ratio was significantly improved by all treatments. The results support synergistic roles for exercise and carvedilol to augment cardiac systolic function of Alport mice with moderately improved renal functions but no change in diastole.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In an Alport mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), exercise and carvedilol synergistically improved systolic function without affecting diastole. Carvedilol alone or in combination with exercise also improved kidney function. Molecular analyses indicate that the observed improvements in cardiorenal functions were mediated at least in part by effects on serum osteopontin and related inflammatory cytokine cascades. The work presents new potential therapeutic targets and approaches for HFpEF.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Biomarkers/blood
- Carvedilol/pharmacology
- Collagen Type IV/deficiency
- Collagen Type IV/genetics
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diastole
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Exercise Therapy
- Heart Failure/blood
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/therapy
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Knockout
- Nephritis, Hereditary/blood
- Nephritis, Hereditary/genetics
- Nephritis, Hereditary/physiopathology
- Nephritis, Hereditary/therapy
- Osteopontin/blood
- Recovery of Function
- Systole
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/blood
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/therapy
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Dunkley
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Camila I Irion
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keyvan Yousefi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Serene A Shehadeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Guerline Lambert
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Krista John-Williams
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keith A Webster
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Beneficial Role of Exercise in the Modulation of mdx Muscle Plastic Remodeling and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040558. [PMID: 33916762 PMCID: PMC8066278 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive progressive lethal disorder caused by the lack of dystrophin, which determines myofibers mechanical instability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and susceptibility to contraction-induced injuries. Unfortunately, at present, there is no efficient therapy for DMD. Beyond several promising gene- and stem cells-based strategies under investigation, physical activity may represent a valid noninvasive therapeutic approach to slow down the progression of the pathology. However, ethical issues, the limited number of studies in humans and the lack of consistency of the investigated training interventions generate loss of consensus regarding their efficacy, leaving exercise prescription still questionable. By an accurate analysis of data about the effects of different protocol of exercise on muscles of mdx mice, the most widely-used pre-clinical model for DMD research, we found that low intensity exercise, especially in the form of low speed treadmill running, likely represents the most suitable exercise modality associated to beneficial effects on mdx muscle. This protocol of training reduces muscle oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis process, and enhances muscle functionality, muscle regeneration, and hypertrophy. These conclusions can guide the design of appropriate studies on human, thereby providing new insights to translational therapeutic application of exercise to DMD patients.
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McBean SE, Church JE, Thompson BK, Taylor CJ, Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS, Park AY, van der Poel C. Oral fucoidan improves muscle size and strength in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14730. [PMID: 33527754 PMCID: PMC7851433 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in a range of brown algae species. Growing evidence supports the long-term supplementation of fucoidan as an ergogenic aid to improve skeletal muscle performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fucoidan on the skeletal muscle of mice. Male BL/6 mice (N = 8-10) were administered a novel fucoidan blend (FUC, 400 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (CON) for 4 weeks. Treatment and control experimental groups were further separated into exercise (CON+EX, FUC+EX) or no-exercise (CON, FUC) groups, where exercised groups performed 30 min of treadmill training three times per week. At the completion of the 4-week treatment period, there was a significant increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers in fucoidan-treated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus fibers, which was accompanied by a significant increase in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle force production in fucoidan-treated groups. There were no significant changes in grip strength or treadmill time to fatigue, nor was there an effect of fucoidan or exercise on mass of TA, EDL, or soleus muscles. In gastrocnemius muscles, there was no change in mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers PGC-1α and Nrf-2 in any experimental groups; however, there was a significant effect of fucoidan supplementation on myosin heavy chain (MHC)-2x, but not MHC-2a, mRNA expression. Overall, fucoidan increased muscle size and strength after 4 weeks of supplementation in both exercised and no-exercised mice suggesting an important influence of fucoidan on skeletal muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E. McBean
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & MicrobiologySchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jarrod E. Church
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & MicrobiologySchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brett K. Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & MicrobiologySchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Caroline J. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & MicrobiologySchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris van der Poel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & MicrobiologySchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
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Fuller KNZ, Thyfault JP. Barriers in translating preclinical rodent exercise metabolism findings to human health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:182-192. [PMID: 33180643 PMCID: PMC7944931 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and low aerobic capacity are primary drivers of chronic disease pathophysiology and are independently associated with all-cause mortality. Conversely, increased physical activity and exercise are central to metabolic disease prevention and longevity. Although these relationships are well characterized in the literature, what remains incompletely understood are the mechanisms by which physical activity/exercise prevents disease. Given methodological constraints of clinical research, investigators must often rely on preclinical rodent models to investigate these potential underlying mechanisms. However, there are several key barriers to applying exercise metabolism findings from rodent models to human health. These barriers include housing temperature, nutrient metabolism, exercise modality, exercise testing, and sex differences. Increased awareness and understanding of these barriers will enhance the ability to impact human health through more appropriate experimental design and interpretation of data within the context of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
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Physical Activity Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome and Immunity of Healthy Mice but Has No Protective Effects against Colitis in MUC2 -/- Mice. mSystems 2020; 5:5/5/e00515-20. [PMID: 33024049 PMCID: PMC7542559 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00515-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation in the gut microbial ecosystem has been associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Habitual physical activity, through its ability to modulate the gut microbiome, has recently been shown to prophylactically protect against chemically induced models of murine colitis. Here, we (i) confirm previous reports that physical activity has limited but significant effects on the gut microbiome of mice and (ii) show that such changes are associated with anti-inflammatory states in the gut, such as increased production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids and lower levels of proinflammatory immune markers implicated in human colitis; however, we also show that (iii) these physical activity-derived benefits are completely lost in the absence of a healthy intestinal mucus layer, a hallmark phenotype of human colitis. The interactions among humans, their environment, and the trillions of microbes residing within the human intestinal tract form a tripartite relationship that is fundamental to the overall health of the host. Disruptions in the delicate balance between the intestinal microbiota and host immunity are implicated in various chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is no known cure for IBD; therefore, novel therapeutics targeting prevention and symptom management are of great interest. Recently, physical activity in healthy mice was shown to be protective against chemically induced colitis; however, the benefits of physical activity during or following disease onset are not known. In this study, we examine whether voluntary wheel running is protective against primary disease symptoms in a mucin 2-deficient (Muc2−/−) lifelong model of murine colitis. We show that 6 weeks of wheel running in healthy C57BL/6 mice leads to distinct changes in fecal bacteriome, increased butyrate production, and modulation in colonic gene expression of various cytokines, suggesting an overall primed anti-inflammatory state. However, these physical activity-derived benefits are not present in Muc2−/− mice harboring a dysfunctional mucosal layer from birth, ultimately showing no improvements in clinical signs. We extrapolate from our findings that while physical activity in healthy individuals may be an important preventative measure against IBD, for those with a compromised intestinal mucosa, a commonality in IBD patients, these benefits are lost. IMPORTANCE Perturbation in the gut microbial ecosystem has been associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Habitual physical activity, through its ability to modulate the gut microbiome, has recently been shown to prophylactically protect against chemically induced models of murine colitis. Here, we (i) confirm previous reports that physical activity has limited but significant effects on the gut microbiome of mice and (ii) show that such changes are associated with anti-inflammatory states in the gut, such as increased production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids and lower levels of proinflammatory immune markers implicated in human colitis; however, we also show that (iii) these physical activity-derived benefits are completely lost in the absence of a healthy intestinal mucus layer, a hallmark phenotype of human colitis.
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Schmitt A, Herzog P, Röchner F, Brändle A, Fragasso A, Munz B. Skeletal muscle effects of two different 10-week exercise regimens, voluntary wheel running, and forced treadmill running, in mice: A pilot study. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14609. [PMID: 33118684 PMCID: PMC7594150 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise induce a complex pattern of adaptation reactions in a broad variety of tissues and organs, particularly the cardiovascular and the musculoskeletal systems. The underlying mechanisms, however, specifically the molecular changes that occur in response to training, are still incompletely understood. Animal models help to systematically elucidate the mechanisms of exercise adaptation. With regard to endurance-based running exercise in mice, two basic regimens have been established: forced treadmill running (FTR), usually consisting of several sessions per week, and voluntary wheel running (VWR). However, the effects of these two programs on skeletal muscle molecular adaptation patterns have never been directly compared. To address this issue, in a pilot study, we analyzed the effects of two ten-week training regimens in juvenile, male, C57BL/6 mice: moderate-intensity forced treadmill running three-times-a-week, employing a protocol that has been widely used in similar studies before, and voluntary wheel running. Our data suggest that there are similarities, but also characteristic differences in the molecular responses of different skeletal muscle species to the two training regimens. In particular, we found that VWR induces a significant fiber type shift toward more type IIX fibers in the slow, oxidative soleus muscle (p = .0053), but not in the other three muscles analyzed. In addition, while training-induced expression patterns of the two metabolic markers Ppargc1a, encoding Pgc-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) and Nr4a3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3) were roughly similar, downregulation of the Mstn (myostatin) gene and the "atrogene" Fbox32 could only be observed in response to VWR in specific muscles, such as in the gastrocnemius (p = .0015 for Mstn) and in the tibialis anterior (p = .0053 for Fbox32) muscles, suggesting that molecular adaptation reactions to the two training regimens show distinct characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schmitt
- Department of Sports MedicineMedical ClinicUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Pascal Herzog
- Department of Sports MedicineMedical ClinicUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Franziska Röchner
- Department of Sports MedicineMedical ClinicUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Anne‐Lena Brändle
- Department of Sports MedicineMedical ClinicUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Department of Sports MedicineMedical ClinicUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Department of Sports MedicineMedical ClinicUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
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Kusuyama J, Alves-Wagner AB, Makarewicz NS, Goodyear LJ. Effects of maternal and paternal exercise on offspring metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:858-872. [PMID: 32929233 PMCID: PMC7643050 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal and paternal obesity and type 2 diabetes are recognized risk factors for the development of metabolic dysfunction in offspring, even when the offspring follow a healthful lifestyle. Multiple studies have demonstrated that regular physical activity in mothers and fathers has striking beneficial effects on offspring health, including preventing the development of metabolic disease in rodent offspring as they age. Here, we review the benefits of maternal and paternal exercise in combating the development of metabolic dysfunction in adult offspring, focusing on offspring glucose homeostasis and adaptations to metabolic tissues. We discuss recent findings regarding the roles of the placenta and sperm in mediating the effects of parental exercise on offspring metabolic health, as well as the mechanisms hypothesized to underlie these beneficial changes. Given the worldwide epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes, if these findings translate to humans, regular exercise during the reproductive years might limit the vicious cycles in which increased metabolic risk propagates across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Kusuyama
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Barbara Alves-Wagner
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan S Makarewicz
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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