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Tsuchiya M, Ohashi Y, Fukushima K, Okuda Y, Suto A, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sato M, Tsukada A, Inoue G, Takaso M, Uchida K. Fibrocyte Phenotype of ENTPD1+CD55+ Cells and Its Association with Pain in Osteoarthritic Synovium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4085. [PMID: 38612896 PMCID: PMC11012446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by cartilage erosion, structural changes, and inflammation. Synovial fibroblasts play a crucial role in OA pathophysiology, with abnormal fibroblastic cells contributing significantly to joint pathology. Fibrocytes, expressing markers of both hematopoietic and stromal cells, are implicated in inflammation and fibrosis, yet their marker and role in OA remain unclear. ENTPD1, an ectonucleotidase involved in purinergic signaling and expressed in specific fibroblasts in fibrotic conditions, led us to speculate that ENTPD1 plays a role in OA pathology by being expressed in fibrocytes. This study aimed to investigate the phenotype of ENTPD1+CD55+ and ENTPD1-CD55+ synovial fibroblasts in OA patients. Proteomic analysis revealed a distinct molecular profile in ENTPD1+CD55+ cells, including the upregulation of fibrocyte markers and extracellular matrix-related proteins. Pathway analysis suggested shared mechanisms between OA and rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation analysis revealed an association between ENTPD1+CD55+ fibrocytes and resting pain in OA. These findings highlight the potential involvement of ENTPD1 in OA pain and suggest avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and validate potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (G.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshihisa Ohashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (G.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Kensuke Fukushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (G.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Yusei Okuda
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (Y.O.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Arisa Suto
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (Y.O.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (Y.O.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (Y.K.)
- Center for Disease Proteomics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (Y.O.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (Y.K.)
- Center for Disease Proteomics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masashi Sato
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan;
| | - Ayumi Tsukada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (G.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (G.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (G.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.); (K.F.); (A.T.); (G.I.); (M.T.)
- Research Institute, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Chigasaki 253-0083, Japan
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Liu G, Bao L, Chen C, Xu J, Cui X. The implication of mesenteric functions and the biological effects of nanomaterials on the mesentery. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12868-12879. [PMID: 37492026 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of nanomaterials are being broadly used in food-related fields as well as therapeutics. Oral exposure to these widespread nanomaterials is inevitable, with the intestine being a major target organ. Upon encountering the intestine, these nanoparticles can cross the intestinal barrier, either bypassing cells or via endocytosis pathways to enter the adjacent mesentery. The intricate structure of the mesentery and its entanglement with the abdominal digestive organs determine the final fate of nanomaterials in the human body. Importantly, mesentery-governed dynamic processes determine the distribution and subsequent biological effects of nanomaterials that cross the intestine, thus there is a need to understand how nanomaterials interact with the mesentery. This review presents the recent progress in understanding the mesenteric structure and function and highlights the importance of the mesentery in health and disease, with a focus on providing new insights and research directions around the biological effects of nanomaterials on the mesentery. A thorough comprehension of the interactions between nanomaterials and the mesentery will facilitate the design of safer nanomaterial-containing products and the development of more effective nanomedicines to combat intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong, China
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Fibrocytes boost tumor-supportive phenotypic switches in the lung cancer niche via the endothelin system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6078. [PMID: 36241617 PMCID: PMC9568595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived monocytic cells implicated in wound healing. Here, we identify their role in lung cancer progression/ metastasis. Selective manipulation of fibrocytes in mouse lung tumor models documents the central role of fibrocytes in boosting niche features and enhancing metastasis. Importantly, lung cancer patients show increased number of circulating fibrocytes and marked fibrocyte accumulation in the cancer niche. Using double and triple co-culture systems with human lung cancer cells, fibrocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, we substantiate the central features of cancer-supporting niche: enhanced cancer cell proliferation and migration, macrophage activation, augmented endothelial cell sprouting and fibrocyte maturation. Upregulation of endothelin and its receptors are noted, and dual endothelin receptor blockade suppresses all cancer-supportive phenotypic alterations via acting on fibrocyte interaction with the cancer niche. We thus provide evidence for a crucial role of fibrocytes in lung cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting targets for treatment strategies.
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Mahmoud DE, Kaabachi W, Sassi N, Tarhouni L, Rekik S, Jemmali S, Sehli H, Kallel-Sellami M, Cheour E, Laadhar L. The synovial fluid fibroblast-like synoviocyte: A long-neglected piece in the puzzle of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942417. [PMID: 35990693 PMCID: PMC9388825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease during which fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) contribute to both joint inflammation and destruction. FLS represent the core component of the synovial membrane. Following inflammation of this membrane, an effusion of cell-rich synovial fluid (SF) fills the joint cavity. Unlikely, SF has been shown to contain fibroblasts with some shared phenotypic traits with the synovial membrane FLS. These cells are called SF-FLS and their origin is still unclear. They are either brought into the synovium via migration through blood vessels, or they could originate within the synovium and exist in projections of the synovial membrane. SF-FLS function and phenotype are poorly documented compared to recently well-characterized synovial membrane FLS subsets. Furthermore, no study has yet reported a SF-FLS single-cell profiling analysis. This review will discuss the origin and cellular characteristics of SF-FLS in patients with RA. In addition, recent advances on the involvement of SF-FLS in the pathogenesis of RA will be summarized. Current knowledge on possible relationships between SF-FLS and other types of fibroblasts, including synovial membrane FLS, circulating fibrocytes, and pre- inflammatory mesenchymal (PRIME) cells will also be addressed. Finally, recent therapeutic strategies employed to specifically target SF-FLS in RA will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Elhaj Mahmoud
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Unité de Recherche Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Structure Fédérative de Recherche “Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques” (SFR ICAT), Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Tarhouni
- Department of Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Kassab Institute of Traumatic and Orthopedic Surgery, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Rekik
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Jemmali
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Sehli
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryam Kallel-Sellami
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elhem Cheour
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Laadhar
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Lilia Laadhar,
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Abstract
AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology. Up to 80% of patients will eventually require surgery throughout their lifetime, and often repeated resections are required for disease recurrence. Observations of “creeping fat” surrounding the diseased intestine renewed interest in the mesentery, recently defined as an organ with endocrine and immune functions. According to the inside-out model, the mesentery may be primarily affected in CD and subsequent cause alterations in the mucosa. Recently, lower surgical recurrence rates have been reported with en-bloc excision of the mesentery adjoining the diseased intestine. Results of ongoing randomized controlled trials may clarify the role of the mesentery in CD and possibly lead to its adoption as standard during surgery for Crohn's disease.
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Basak M, Sanyal T, Kar A, Bhattacharjee P, Das M, Chowdhury S. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells - Can they provide a clue to the pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy? Endocrine 2022; 75:447-455. [PMID: 34545512 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting primarily the thyroid gland. The most common extrathyroidal manifestation of GD is known as Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Bone marrow-derived fibrocytes represent a subset of monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), infiltrate the orbital tissues, and contribute to the pathogenesis of GO. Hence objectives of the study included whether the concentration of fibrocytes in peripheral blood was higher in GO, whether TSHR m RNA expression and TSHR surface expression in peripheral blood were higher in GO in comparison to Graves' Disease (GD) and Control subjects. METHODS The percentage of circulating fibrocytes (FC) along with TSHR on its cell surface (CD 34+, CD 45+, CXCR4+, Collagen 1+, TSHR+) were assessed by flow cytometry of 50 patients with GD and GO and 15 healthy donors (Control). TSHR mRNA expression was measured by q RT PCR. RESULT The concentration of circulating fibrocytes was significantly higher in GO compared to GD and control [GO 17% vs GD 3% vs control 0.7% (p < 0.05)]. Moreover, these fibrocytes express a significantly higher level of TSHR in GO. This was corroborated by the measure of TSH mRNA; in GD it was 2.3-fold higher and in GO it was 3.9 fold higher than in control, in GO this transcript level was 1.7fold higher than GD (p < 0.05). TSHR+ fibrocytes were significantly positively correlated with CAS (p = 0.004) and negatively correlated with age (p = 0.01) and duration of disease (p = 0.01) in GO. CONCLUSION This study sheds further light on the pathogenesis of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Basak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamalika Sanyal
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Anish Kar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, 700020, West Bengal, India.
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Review: Serum Biomarkers of Lung Fibrosis in Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features-What Do We Already Know? J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010079. [PMID: 35011819 PMCID: PMC8745166 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) belongs to a group of diseases called interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which are disorders of a varied prognosis and course. Finding sufficiently specific and sensitive biomarkers would enable the progression to be predicted, the natural history to be monitored and patients to be stratified according to their treatment. To assess the significance of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers studied thus far, we searched the PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library databases for papers published between January 2015 and June 2021. We focused on circulating biomarkers. A primary review of the databases identified 38 articles of potential interest. Overall, seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This review aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of molecules such as KL-6, SP-A, SP-D, circulating fibrocytes, CCL2, CXCL13, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. All of these biomarkers have previously been studied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). IPAF is a disorder of a heterogeneous nature. It explains the lack of coherent observations in terms of correlations with functional parameters. There is still no meta-analysis of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers in IPAF. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of the methodology and groups analysed in the research. More research in this area is needed.
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The Role of the Stromal Extracellular Matrix in the Development of Pterygium Pathology: An Update. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245930. [PMID: 34945227 PMCID: PMC8707182 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is a benign fibrovascular lesion of the bulbar conjunctiva with frequent involvement of the corneal limbus. Its pathogenesis has been mainly attributed to sun exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation. Obtained evidence has shown that it is a complex and multifactorial process which involves multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints, induction of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, angiogenic stimulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) disorders, and, most likely, viruses and hereditary changes. In this review, we aim to collect all authors’ experiences and our own, with respect to the study of fibroelastic ECM of pterygium. Collagen and elastin are intrinsic indicators of physiological and pathological states. Here, we focus on an in-depth analysis of collagen (types I and III), as well as the main constituents of elastic fibers (tropoelastin (TE), fibrillins (FBNs), and fibulins (FBLNs)) and the enzymes (lysyl oxidases (LOXs)) that carry out their assembly or crosslinking. All the studies established that changes in the fibroelastic ECM occur in pterygium, based on the following facts: An increase in the synthesis and deposition of an immature form of collagen type III, which showed the process of tissue remodeling. An increase in protein levels in most of the constituents necessary for the development of elastic fibers, except FBLN4, whose biological roles are critical in the binding of the enzyme LOX, as well as FBN1 for the development of stable elastin. There was gene overexpression of TE, FBN1, FBLN5, and LOXL1, while the expression of LOX and FBLN2 and -4 remained stable. In conclusion, collagen and elastin, as well as several constituents involved in elastic fiber assembly are overexpressed in human pterygium, thus, supporting the hypothesis that there is dysregulation in the synthesis and crosslinking of the fibroelastic component, constituting an important pathogenetic mechanism for the development of the disease.
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Elhaj Mahmoud D, Kaabachi W, Sassi N, Mokhtar A, Ben Ammar L, Rekik S, Tarhouni L, Kallel-Sellami M, Cheour E, Laadhar L. Expression of extracellular matrix components and cytokine receptors in human fibrocytes during rheumatoid arthritis. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:720-731. [PMID: 33427511 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1873962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) represent one of the principal effectors of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent discovery of the circulating fibrocyte, a potential precursor of FLS, has raised issues regarding the characterization of fibrocytes with respect to their morphology and their biological role. In this study, we evaluated the morphology of fibrocytes in vitro and their ability to produce different extracellular matrix (ECM) components in comparison with two populations of RA FLS: synovial fluid FLS (fd-FLS) and intimal lining FLS (td-FLS). We also studied the expression of ECM regulators and a set of cytokine receptors involved in the pathogenesis of RA. Materials and Methods: Fibrocytes were cultured from peripheral blood of patients with RA. FLS were cultured from synovial fluids and tissues. ECM proteins (collagen I (col I) and fibronectin), Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) (MMP3, and MMP9), ECM regulators (β catenin, TCF4, and c-fos), and cytokine receptors (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, IL1RI, IL1RII, and IL6Rα) were analyzed using qRT-PCR and/or western blot. Results: Our results demonstrated that fibronectin and MMP3 levels were higher in FLS compared to fibrocytes. Although MMP9 was expressed in the three cell types, its level was greater in fibrocytes than in td/fd FLS. The three cell types expressed CXCR3, IL1RI, IL1RII, and IL6Rα, while the expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 was restricted to fibrocytes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that fibrocytes express ECM molecules and cytokines receptors. The observed differences between fibrocytes and FLS may be due to their distinct functions or differentiation state during RA.Abbreviations: RA: Rheumatoid ArthritisFLS: fibroblast-like synoviocytestd: tissue derivedfd: fluid derivedSF: Synovial FluidWnt: WinglessMMP: Matrix MetalloproteinaseCIA: murine collagen induced arthritisECM: Extracellular matrixcol I: Collagen ITCF/LEF: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factorAP1: Activator Protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Elhaj Mahmoud
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, la Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- Basic Sciences Department, Unit Research 12SP15 "Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction", Medicine School of Tunis, Tunis Tunisia
| | - Nadia Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, la Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mokhtar
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, la Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Sonia Rekik
- Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Lamjed Tarhouni
- Department of Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Kassab Institute of Traumatic and Orthopedic Surgery, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryam Kallel-Sellami
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, la Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elhem Cheour
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, la Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Laadhar
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, la Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Williams H, Suda S, Dervish S, Yap YT, Holland AJA, Medbury HJ. Monocyte M1/M2 profile is altered in paediatric burn patients with hypertrophic scarring. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:996-1005. [PMID: 34272902 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HTS) remain a common outcome of burn injury, particularly in children. They can arise from variations in the wound healing stages, such as an excessive inflammatory response or inefficient remodelling. Of the cells contributing to these healing stages, macrophages and fibrocytes are crucial. Specifically, the inflammatory phase is dominated by M1 macrophages, the proliferation/remodelling stages by M2 macrophages, and scar tissue contains numerous fibrocytes. As the progenitors to these cells, monocytes, can also exhibit M1- and M2-skewing, we proposed that their profile, or circulating fibrocyte counts, could be used to predict poor healing outcomes. To investigate this, we obtained blood samples from paediatric controls and burns patients, which were then divided into HTS and NoHTS groups upon scar assessment at 12 months. The samples were assessed by whole blood flow cytometry to quantify fibrocytes and monocyte subset proportions and to determine monocyte levels of M1 (CD86, CD120b, CD319) and M2 (CD93, CD163, CD200R) markers. Both burns groups had higher proportions of classical monocytes compared to controls, indicating increased cell turnover and/or entry of other subsets into the wound. In burns patients who took more than 21 days to heal, the HTS group had lower M2 (CD200R) expression with the ratio of M1/M2 (CD86/CD200R) being significantly higher. These results suggest an elevated early inflammatory monocyte response contributes to development of HTS. Correlations of marker expression with remaining healing time revealed a significant positive correlation with M1 (CD120b) and M1/M2 (CD120b/CD200R), suggesting a potential role for CD120b as an indicator of healing delay. Fibrocytes did not significantly differ between the groups. In conclusion, increased monocyte inflammation likely contributes to slower healing and development of scarring, but further studies are needed to determine the predictive power of monocyte inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Sasithorn Suda
- Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Suat Dervish
- Westmead Research Hub, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Yen Tien Yap
- Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- The Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Heather J Medbury
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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Waugh KA, Araya P, Pandey A, Jordan KR, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Khanal S, Butcher ET, Estrada BE, Rachubinski AL, McWilliams JA, Minter R, Dimasi T, Colvin KL, Baturin D, Pham AT, Galbraith MD, Bartsch KW, Yeager ME, Porter CC, Sullivan KD, Hsieh EW, Espinosa JM. Mass Cytometry Reveals Global Immune Remodeling with Multi-lineage Hypersensitivity to Type I Interferon in Down Syndrome. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1893-1908.e4. [PMID: 31722205 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) display a different disease spectrum relative to the general population, including lower rates of solid malignancies and higher incidence of neurological and autoimmune conditions. However, the mechanisms driving this unique clinical profile await elucidation. We completed a deep mapping of the immune system in adults with DS using mass cytometry to evaluate 100 immune cell types, which revealed global immune dysregulation consistent with chronic inflammation, including key changes in the myeloid and lymphoid cell compartments. Furthermore, measurement of interferon-inducible phosphorylation events revealed widespread hypersensitivity to interferon-α in DS, with cell-type-specific variations in downstream intracellular signaling. Mechanistically, this could be explained by overexpression of the interferon receptors encoded on chromosome 21, as demonstrated by increased IFNAR1 surface expression in all immune lineages tested. These results point to interferon-driven immune dysregulation as a likely contributor to the developmental and clinical hallmarks of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Waugh
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Kimberly R Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross E Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric T Butcher
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Belinda Enriquez Estrada
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer A McWilliams
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross Minter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tiana Dimasi
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelley L Colvin
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dmitry Baturin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew T Pham
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kyle W Bartsch
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael E Yeager
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher C Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elena W Hsieh
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The corneal wound healing response is typically initiated by injuries to the epithelium and/or endothelium that may also involve the stroma. However, it can also be triggered by immune or infectious processes that enter the stroma via the limbal blood vessels. For mild injuries or infections, such as epithelial abrasions or mild controlled microbial infections, limited keratocyte apoptosis occurs and the epithelium or endothelium regenerates, the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or Descemet's basement membrane (DBM) is repaired, and keratocyte- or fibrocyte-derived myofibroblast precursors either undergo apoptosis or revert to the parent cell types. For more severe injuries with extensive damage to EBM and/or DBM, delayed regeneration of the basement membranes leads to ongoing penetration of the pro-fibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, TGFβ2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) that drive the development of mature alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ myofibroblasts that secrete large amounts of disordered extracellular matrix (ECM) components to produce scarring stromal fibrosis. Fibrosis is dynamic with ongoing mitosis and development of SMA + myofibroblasts and continued autocrine-or paracrine interleukin (IL)-1-mediated apoptosis of myofibroblasts and their precursors. Eventual repair of the EBM and/or DBM can lead to at least partial resolution of scarring fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, I-32, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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13
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. TGF-β in fibrosis by acting as a conductor for contractile properties of myofibroblasts. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:98. [PMID: 31827764 PMCID: PMC6902440 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are non-muscle contractile cells that play a key physiologically role in organs such as the stem villi of the human placenta during physiological pregnancy. They are able to contract and relax in response to changes in the volume of the intervillous chamber. Myofibroblasts have also been observed in several diseases and are involved in wound healing and the fibrotic processes affecting several organs, such as the liver, lungs, kidneys and heart. During the fibrotic process, tissue retraction rather than contraction is correlated with collagen synthesis in the extracellular matrix, leading to irreversible fibrosis and, finally, apoptosis of myofibroblasts. The molecular motor of myofibroblasts is the non-muscle type IIA and B myosin (NMMIIA and NMMIIB). Fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts is largely governed by the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This system controls the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in a positive manner, and PPARγ in a negative manner. The WNT/β-catenin pathway promotes fibrosis, while PPARγ prevents it. This review focuses on the contractile properties of myofibroblasts and the conductor, TGF-β1, which together control the opposing interplay between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- 1Délégation à la Recherche Clinique (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.,DACTIM-MIS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), CNRS, UMR 7348, Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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14
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Rocher M, Robert PY, Desmoulière A. The myofibroblast, biological activities and roles in eye repair and fibrosis. A focus on healing mechanisms in avascular cornea. Eye (Lond) 2019; 34:232-240. [PMID: 31767967 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue healing is one of the mysteries of modern medicine. Healing involves complex processes and many cellular types, amongst which the myofibroblast plays a major role. In the eye, when needed, myofibroblasts can be found from the cornea to the retina, derived from a wide variety of different cells, and aimed at effectively repairing tissue damage. Myofibroblast differentiation requires transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, the presence of specific extracellular matrix components such as the ED-A domain of fibronectin, and mechanical tension. Control of this process may, in some cases, be abnormal leading to development of fibrotic tissue, which alters and compromises the integrity of the original tissue. The eye is no exception to this rule with normal visual function, a highly demanding process, only possible in a fully integrated organ. The cornea, a transparent protective tissue and first dioptre of the eye, has the particularity of being entirely avascular and very richly innervated under normal physiological conditions. However, these anatomical features do not prevent it from developing myofibroblasts in the event of a deep corneal lesion. Activated by growth factors such as TGF-β1 and platelet-derived growth factor from the aqueous humour, tears or corneal epithelial cells, myofibroblasts can cause corneal scarring, sometimes with devastating consequences. Understanding the factors involved in healing and its signalling pathways, will potentially enable us to control corneal healing in the future, and thus avoid fibrotic ocular surface disease and the blindness that this may induce. Currently, this issue is the subject of very active research and development with the aim of discovering new antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rocher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Limoges University Hospital, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Robert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Limoges University Hospital, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- Department of Physiology and EA 6309, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France.
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15
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Singh S, Torzewski M. Fibroblasts and Their Pathological Functions in the Fibrosis of Aortic Valve Sclerosis and Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090472. [PMID: 31510085 PMCID: PMC6769553 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) are driven by inflammation induced by a variety of stimuli, including low-density lipoproteins (LDL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), infections, mechanical stress, and chemical insults. Fibrosis is the process of compensating for tissue injury caused by chronic inflammation. Fibrosis is initially beneficial and maintains extracellular homeostasis. However, in the case of AVS and atherosclerosis, persistently active resident fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) perpetually remodel the extracellular matrix under the control of autocrine and paracrine signaling from the immune cells. Myofibroblasts also produce pro-fibrotic factors, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), angiotensin II (Ang II), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), which allow them to assist in the activation and migration of resident immune cells. Post wound repair, these cells undergo apoptosis or become senescent; however, in the presence of unresolved inflammation and persistence signaling for myofibroblast activation, the tissue homeostasis is disturbed, leading to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, disorganized ECM, and thickening of the affected tissue. Accumulating evidence suggests that diverse mechanisms drive fibrosis in cardiovascular pathologies, and it is crucial to understand the impact and contribution of the various mechanisms for the control of fibrosis before the onset of a severe pathological consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Singh
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
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16
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Infiltrating CCR2 + monocytes and their progenies, fibrocytes, contribute to colon fibrosis by inhibiting collagen degradation through the production of TIMP-1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8568. [PMID: 31189971 PMCID: PMC6562037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a serious complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the remarkable success of recent anti-inflammatory therapies for IBD, incidence of intestinal fibrosis and need for bowel resection have not significantly changed. To clarify the contribution of haematopoietic-derived cells in intestinal fibrosis, we prepared bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice (chimeras), which were reconstituted with BM cells derived from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-transgenic mice or CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)-deficient mice. After 2 months of transplantation, BM chimeras were treated with azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate. During chronic inflammation, CCR2+ BM-derived monocyte and fibrocyte infiltration into the colon and CC chemokine ligand 2 production increased, leading to colon fibrosis in EGFP BM chimeras. In CCR2-deficient BM chimeras, monocyte and fibrocyte numbers in the colonic lamina propria significantly decreased, and colon fibrosis was attenuated. In colon tissue, mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 but not of collagen I, transforming growth factor-β1 or matrix metalloproteinases was significantly different between the two chimeras. CCR2+ monocytes and fibrocytes showed high Timp1 mRNA expression. Our results suggest that infiltrating CCR2+ monocytes and their progenies, fibrocytes, promote colon fibrosis by inhibiting collagen degradation through TIMP-1 production.
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17
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Ruaro B, Soldano S, Smith V, Paolino S, Contini P, Montagna P, Pizzorni C, Casabella A, Tardito S, Sulli A, Cutolo M. Correlation between circulating fibrocytes and dermal thickness in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis patients: a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1369-1376. [PMID: 31056725 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to detect any possible correlation between the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and dermal thickness (DT) measured by skin high-frequency ultrasound (US) and the percentage of circulating fibrocytes in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc). Eight lcSSc patients and five healthy subjects (control group, CNT) were enrolled. The skin involvement was evaluated by mRSS and US (18 and 22 MHz probes) in all 13 subjects in the 17 standard skin areas evaluated by mRss. Circulating fibrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all lcSSc patients and the CNT group to analyze their percentage at baseline time (T0) when the experiments started with PBMCs' isolation and collection and after 8 days of culture (T8). Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analysis. A positive correlation between the percentage of circulating fibrocytes at T0, mRSS (p = 0.04 r = 0.96), and DT-US, evaluated by the 22 MHz and the 18 MHz probes (p = 0.03, r = 0.66 and p = 0.05, r = 0.52, respectively), was observed in lcSSc patients. Conversely, at T8, there was no correlation (p > 0.05) between these parameters in lcSSc group. In the CNT group, no correlations between mRSS or DT-US and the percentage of circulating fibrocytes were observed both at T0 and T8. The study shows the presence of a significant relationship between the percentage of circulating fibrocytes and DT, as evidenced by both mRSS and US, in limited cutaneus SSc. This observation may well suggest the reasonable hypothesis of a crucial contribution of circulating fibrocytes to skin fibrosis progression, which might be considered as further biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruaro
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Contini
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Montagna
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Casabella
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV, No 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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18
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Fang S, Huang Y, Liu X, Zhong S, Wang N, Zhao B, Li Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Gu P, Zhou H, Li B, Fan X. Interaction Between CCR6+ Th17 Cells and CD34+ Fibrocytes Promotes Inflammation: Implications in Graves' Orbitopathy in Chinese Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:2604-2614. [PMID: 29847667 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent reports suggest that Th17 immunity and bone marrow-derived CD34+ fibrocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). This study investigated interactions between Th17 cells and fibrocytes in GO inflammation in Chinese subjects. Methods Th17 cells and fibrocytes were derived from blood samples from Chinese GO patients and healthy controls. Proportions and phenotypes of Th17 cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and fibrocytes were examined by flow cytometry. Exogenous IL-17A was used to study inflammatory activity of fibrocytes from GO patients and control subjects. Coculture, quantitative RT-PCR, Luminex, and transwell assays were performed to investigate the relationship between Th17 cells and fibrocytes. Results CC-chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6+) Th17 cells were increased in both active (P < 0.001) and inactive (P < 0.05) GO patients, compared with healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between number of CCR6+ Th17 cells and GO clinical activity score (P < 0.0001, r = 0.8176). Further, CD34+ fibrocytes were increased in GO patients, with increased expression of IL-17RA (P < 0.05), CD80 (P < 0.05), and CD86 (P < 0.05). A decreased population of effector Treg cells (P < 0.01) and increased CTLA-4 expression on naïve Treg cells (P < 0.05) were observed in GO patients. IL-17A stimulated cytokine production in fibrocytes; GO fibrocytes exhibited more robust production than normal fibrocytes. Autologous Th17 cells promoted inflammatory and antigen-presenting functions of GO fibrocytes; conversely, fibrocytes enhanced Th17 cell-function and recruited Th17 cells in a macrophage inflammatory protein 3 (MIP-3)/CCR6-dependent manner. Conclusions The crosstalk between CCR6+ Th17 cells and fibrocytes plays a role in the pathogenesis of GO. Suppressing these interactions may be a candidate molecular target for therapeutic approaches of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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19
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Rivera ED, Coffey JC, Walsh D, Ehrenpreis ED. The Mesentery, Systemic Inflammation, and Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:226-234. [PMID: 29920595 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Initially thought to be a structure that only provided support to the abdominal contents, the mesentery has now gained special attention in the scientific community. The new approach of studying the mesentery as an individual organ has highlighted its importance in the development of local and systemic inflammatory diseases and its potential role in Crohn's disease. Its topographical relationship with the intestine in the setting of active inflammation and "creeping fat" is possibly one of the most important arguments for including the mesentery as an important factor in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In this review, we discuss the importance of the mesentery from the anatomical and embryological standpoints. We also will summarize data on mesenteric inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. The significance of the mesentery in systemic inflammatory syndromes will be discussed, and we provide an overview of primary inflammatory disorders of the mesentery. Finally, we discuss surgical approaches for patients requiring resection for Crohn's disease that incorporate mesenteric factors, pointing out recent data suggesting that these have the potential for improving outcomes and reducing disease recurrence. 10.1093/ibd/izy201_video1izy201.video15794169491001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo D Rivera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, Miami, Florida
| | - John Calvin Coffey
- FRCSI Surgery, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital Limerick Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dara Walsh
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Limerick Group, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Eli D Ehrenpreis
- Rosalind Franklin University Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
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20
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Rodrigues M, Kosaric N, Bonham CA, Gurtner GC. Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:665-706. [PMID: 30475656 PMCID: PMC6442927 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00067.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1106] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in the human body. It involves the spatial and temporal synchronization of a variety of cell types with distinct roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. With the evolution of single cell technologies, it has been possible to uncover phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within several of these cell types. There have also been discoveries of rare, stem cell subsets within the skin, which are unipotent in the uninjured state, but become multipotent following skin injury. Unraveling the roles of each of these cell types and their interactions with each other is important in understanding the mechanisms of normal wound closure. Changes in the microenvironment including alterations in mechanical forces, oxygen levels, chemokines, extracellular matrix and growth factor synthesis directly impact cellular recruitment and activation, leading to impaired states of wound healing. Single cell technologies can be used to decipher these cellular alterations in diseased states such as in chronic wounds and hypertrophic scarring so that effective therapeutic solutions for healing wounds can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Nina Kosaric
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Clark A Bonham
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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21
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Tai W, Zhou Z, Zheng B, Li J, Ding J, Wu H, Gao L, Dong Z. Inhibitory effect of circulating fibrocytes on injury repair in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome mice model. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7982-7990. [PMID: 29323734 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to explore the functions of circulating fibrocytes (CFs) on injury repair in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) mice model and its clinical value as a biomarker for ALI/ARDS. ALI/ARDS mice model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of ALI/ARDS model and flow cytometry was used to measure CFs defined as cells positive for CD45 and collagen-1. Histological changes of lung tissues were evaluated by H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. The correlations of CFs counts with damnification of lung tissue and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated by Pearson correlation analyses. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of collagen-1. ELISA was applied to determine cytokine CXCL12 concentration. Clinical relevance between CFs and ALI/ARDS was investigated. The greater number of CFs in the ALI/ARDS group implied higher degree of lung injury and more severe pulmonary fibrosis. The protein expression of collagen-1 and concentration of cytokine CXCL12 in ALI/ARDS group were higher than that in control group. Clinical and prognostic analysis revealed the higher injury degree and death rates in ALI/ARDS group than those in control group, and identified a greater severity and mortality for patients with ARDS than those with ALI. ROC curve analysis indicated the counts of CFs greater than 5.85% can predict death rates with AUC = 0.928. CFs had an inhibitory effect on injury repair in ALI/ARDS mice model. This might be unfavorable as a clinical marker for progression of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Boyang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanxin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Alameddine HS, Morgan JE. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Inflammation and Fibrosis of Skeletal Muscles. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:455-473. [PMID: 27911334 PMCID: PMC5240616 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, levels and activity of Matrix MetalloProteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of MetalloProteinases (TIMPs) have been involved in myoblast migration, fusion and various physiological and pathological remodeling situations including neuromuscular diseases. This has opened perspectives for the use of MMPs' overexpression to improve the efficiency of cell therapy in muscular dystrophies and resolve fibrosis. Alternatively, inhibition of individual MMPs in animal models of muscular dystrophies has provided evidence of beneficial, dual or adverse effects on muscle morphology or function. We review here the role played by MMPs/TIMPs in skeletal muscle inflammation and fibrosis, two major hurdles that limit the success of cell and gene therapy. We report and analyze the consequences of genetic or pharmacological modulation of MMP levels on the inflammation of skeletal muscles and their repair in light of experimental findings. We further discuss how the interplay between MMPs/TIMPs levels, cytokines/chemokines, growth factors and permanent low-grade inflammation favor cellular and molecular modifications resulting in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala S Alameddine
- Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jennifer E Morgan
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
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Lecarpentier Y, Schussler O, Claes V, Vallée A. The Myofibroblast: TGFβ-1, A Conductor which Plays a Key Role in Fibrosis by Regulating the Balance between PPARγ and the Canonical WNT Pathway. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.11131/2017/101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEP), Meaux, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, HUG/CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Claes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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24
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Mwangi M, Kil SH, Phak D, Park HY, Lim DJ, Park R, Moon SK. Interleukin-10 Attenuates Hypochlorous Acid-Mediated Cytotoxicity to HEI-OC1 Cochlear Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:314. [PMID: 29056901 PMCID: PMC5635053 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory reaction plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acquired hearing loss such as ototoxicity and labyrinthitis. In our earlier work, we showed the pivotal role of otic fibrocytes in cochlear inflammation and the critical involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in cisplatin ototoxicity. We also demonstrated that otic fibrocytes inhibit monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2) upregulation in response to interleukin-10 (IL-10) via heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) signaling, resulting in suppression of cochlear inflammation. However, it is still unclear how IL-10 affects inflammation-mediated cochlear injury. Here we aim to determine how hypochlorous acid, a model inflammation mediator affects cochlear cell viability and how IL-10 affects hypochlorous acid-mediated cochlear cell injury. NaOCl, a sodium salt of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was found to induce cytotoxicity of HEI-OC1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Combination of hydrogen peroxide and myeloperoxidase augmented cisplatin cytotoxicity, and this synergism was inhibited by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and ML-171. The rat spiral ligament cell line (RSL) appeared to upregulate the antioxidant response element (ARE) activities upon exposure to IL-10. RSL cells upregulated the expression of NRF2 (an ARE ligand) and NR0B2 in response to CoPP (a HMOX1 inducer), but not to ZnPP (a HMOX1 inhibitor). Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of NR0B2 was found to suppress CCL2 upregulation. IL-10-positive cells appeared in the mouse stria vascularis 1 day after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Five days after injection, IL-10-positive cells were observed in the spiral ligament, spiral limbus, spiral ganglia, and suprastrial area, but not in the stria vascularis. IL-10R1 appeared to be expressed in the mouse organ of Corti as well as HEI-OC1 cells. HEI-OC1 cells upregulated Bcl-xL expression in response to IL-10, and IL-10 was shown to attenuate NaOCl-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, HEI-OC1 cells upregulated IL-22RA upon exposure to cisplatin, and NaOCl cytotoxicity was inhibited by IL-22. Taken together, our findings suggest that hypochlorous acid is involved in cochlear injury and that IL-10 potentially reduces cochlear injury through not only inhibition of inflammation but also enhancement of cochlear cell viability. Further studies are needed to determine immunological characteristics of intracochlear IL-10-positive cells and elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in the otoprotective activity of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mwangi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sung-Hee Kil
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Phak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hun Yi Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - David J Lim
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raekil Park
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung K Moon
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting multiple joints. It remains unclear which factors in the circulation are associated with the systemic spread of the disease. Fibrocytes are pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells present in the circulation of RA patients. Our earlier findings implicated activated fibrocytes in the etiology of onset and pathogenesis of RA. Elevated levels of interleukin-34 (IL-34) in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients are associated with rheumatoid factor and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, indicators of RA. Moreover, IL-34 levels are independent predictors of radiographic progression in RA patients. We provide evidence of simultaneous elevated levels of IL-34 and increased numbers of activated fibrocytes in the circulation of mice induced to develop arthritis. In vitro, IL-34 treatment induced the proliferation of fibrocytes, mediated by activation of cognate CSF-R1s on fibrocytes. Taken together, we infer that IL-34 has a role in stimulating fibrocyte proliferation and activation during arthritis, thereby contributing to both onset of RA and systemic spread of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L Galligan
- 1 Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- 1 Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada .,2 Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Interactions between TGF-β1, canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPAR γ in radiation-induced fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90579-90604. [PMID: 29163854 PMCID: PMC5685775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy induces DNA damage and inflammation leading to fibrosis. Fibrosis can occur 4 to 12 months after radiation therapy. This process worsens with time and years. Radiation-induced fibrosis is characterized by fibroblasts proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and synthesis of collagen, proteoglycans and extracellular matrix. Myofibroblasts are non-muscle cells that can contract and relax. Myofibroblasts evolve towards irreversible retraction during fibrosis process. In this review, we discussed the interplays between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) in regulating the molecular mechanisms underlying the radiation-induced fibrosis, and the potential role of PPAR γ agonists. Overexpression of TGF-β and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulate fibroblasts accumulation and myofibroblast differentiation whereas PPAR γ expression decreases due to the opposite interplay of canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Both TGF-β1 and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulate each other through the Smad pathway and non-Smad pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling. WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPAR γ interact in an opposite manner. PPAR γ agonists decrease β-catenin levels through activation of inhibitors of the WNT pathway such as Smad7, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3 β) and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). PPAR γ agonists also stimulate phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, which decreases both TGF-β1 and PI3K/Akt pathways. PPAR γ agonists by activating Smad7 decrease Smads pathway and then TGF-β signaling leading to decrease radiation-induced fibrosis. TGF-β1 and canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway promote radiation-induced fibrosis whereas PPAR γ agonists can prevent radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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27
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Deficiency of KLF4 compromises the lung function in an acute mouse model of allergic asthma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:598-603. [PMID: 28867182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and the mechanisms are not fully understood. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of monocytes, granulocyte and myeloid cells at early stage of differentiation. They possess phenotypic plasticity and regulate airway inflammation. We recently reported that Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) regulates MDSC differentiation into fibrocytes, emerging effectors in chronic inflammation. However, the role of KLF4 in asthma is not known. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine and a key initiator of allergic airway inflammation. Given the fact that TSLP promotes Th2 cytokine production that increases MDSC differentiation into fibrocytes, we postulate that KLF4 regulates asthma in a TSLP-dependent manner. In this study, we utilized a model of allergic asthma with ovalbumin challenge (OVA). We found that upon OVA treatment the wild type mice had increased MDSC infiltration into the lung, up-regulation of KLF4 and TSLP gene expression, and higher levels of Th2 cytokines including IL4 and IL13. Consistently, lack of KLF4 expression in monocytes and lung epithelial cells resulted in decreased TSLP expression and lower levels of Th2 cytokines in mice, and fibrocyte generation was compromised. KLF4 deficiency in these cells also led to decreased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma, as assessed by whole body plethysmography. Moreover, lung fibrosis as measured by trichome staining was attenuated and the population of CD45 + COL1A1+ fibrocytes was diminished in this setting. Together, our results suggest that KLF4 regulates asthma development in a TSLP- and fibrocyte-dependent manner.
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28
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Just SA, Lindegaard H, Hejbøl EK, Davidsen JR, Bjerring N, Hansen SWK, Schrøder HD, Hansen IMJ, Barington T, Nielsen C. Fibrocyte measurement in peripheral blood correlates with number of cultured mature fibrocytes in vitro and is a potential biomarker for interstitial lung disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Respir Res 2017; 18:141. [PMID: 28720095 PMCID: PMC5516315 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be a severe extra-articular disease manifestation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). A potential role of fibrocytes in RA associated ILD (RA-ILD) has not previously been described. We present a modified faster method for measuring circulating fibrocytes, without intracellular staining. The results are compared to the traditional culture method, where the number of monocytes that differentiate into mature fibrocytes in vitro are counted. The results are following compared to disease activity in patients with severe asthma, ILD, RA (without diagnosed ILD) and RA with verified ILD (RA-ILD). Method CD45+ CD34+ CD11b+ (7-AAD− CD3− CD19− CD294−) cells were isolated by cell sorting and stained for pro-collagen type 1. Thirty-nine patients (10 RA, 9 ILD and 10 with severe asthma, 10 with RA-ILD) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were included. Current medication, disease activity, pulmonary function test and radiographic data were collected. Circulating fibrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured for 5 days and the numbers of mature fibrocytes were counted. Results 90.2% (mean, SD = 1.5%) of the sorted cells were pro-collagen type 1 positive and thereby fulfilled the criteria for being circulating fibrocytes. The ILD and RA-ILD groups had increased levels of circulating fibrocytes compared to HC (p < 0.05). Levels of circulating fibrocytes correlated overall to number of monocytes that subsequently in vitro differentiated to mature fibrocytes (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). RA patients with pathologically reduced diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin (DLCOc) in both the RA and in the combined RA + RA-ILD group, had significantly higher levels of both circulating and number of cultured mature fibrocytes (both p < 0.05). In both groups, the level of circulating fibrocytes and number of mature fibrocytes in culture also correlated to a reduction in DLCOc (r = −0.61 an r = −0.58 both p < 0.05). Conclusions We presented a fast and valid method for measuring circulating fibrocytes using flow cytometry on lysed peripheral blood. Further, we showed for the first time, that the level of circulating fibrocytes correlated with the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, that differentiated into mature fibrocytes in vitro. Reduced DLCOc was correlated with high levels of circulating and mature fibrocytes in RA, which have not been reported previously. In such, this study suggests that fibrocytes may exhibit an important role in the pathogenesis of RA-ILD, which requires further clarification in future studies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02711657, registered 13/3–2016, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0623-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Lindegaard
- Department Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Rømhild Davidsen
- South Danish Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Bjerring
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Torben Barington
- Department Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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29
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Sun H, Zhu Y, Pan H, Chen X, Balestrini JL, Lam TT, Kanyo JE, Eichmann A, Gulati M, Fares WH, Bai H, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Gan Y, Peng X, Moore MW, White ES, Sava P, Gonzalez AL, Cheng Y, Niklason LE, Herzog EL. Netrin-1 Regulates Fibrocyte Accumulation in the Decellularized Fibrotic Sclerodermatous Lung Microenvironment and in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1251-61. [PMID: 26749424 DOI: 10.1002/art.39575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibrocytes are collagen-producing leukocytes that accumulate in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) via unknown mechanisms that have been associated with altered expression of neuroimmune proteins. The extracellular matrix (ECM) influences cellular phenotypes. However, a relationship between the lung ECM and fibrocytes in SSc has not been explored. The aim of this study was to use a novel translational platform based on decellularized human lungs to determine whether the lung ECM of patients with scleroderma controls the development of fibrocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. METHODS We performed biomechanical evaluation of decellularized scaffolds prepared from lung explants from healthy control subjects and patients with scleroderma, using tensile testing and biochemical and proteomic analysis. Cells obtained from healthy controls and patients with SSc-related ILD were cultured on these scaffolds, and CD45+pro-ColIα1+ cells meeting the criteria for fibrocytes were quantified. The contribution of the neuromolecule netrin-1 to fibrosis was assessed using neutralizing antibodies in this system and by administering bleomycin via inhalation to netrin-1(+/-) mice. RESULTS Compared with control lung scaffolds, lung scaffolds from patients with SSc-related ILD showed aberrant anatomy, enhanced stiffness, and abnormal ECM composition. Culture of control cells in lung scaffolds from patients with SSc-related ILD increased production of pro-ColIα1+ cells, which was stimulated by enhanced stiffness and abnormal ECM composition. Cells from patients with SSc-related ILD demonstrated increased pro-ColIα1 responsiveness to lung scaffolds from scleroderma patients but not enhanced stiffness. Enhanced detection of netrin-1-expressing CD14(low) cells in patients with SSc-related ILD was observed, and antibody-mediated netrin-1 neutralization attenuated detection of CD45+pro-ColIα1+ cells in all settings. Netrin-1(+/-) mice were protected against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and fibrocyte accumulation. CONCLUSION Factors present in the lung matrices of patients with scleroderma regulate fibrocyte accumulation via a netrin-1-dependent pathway. Netrin-1 regulates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Netrin-1 might be a novel therapeutic target in SSc-related ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxing Sun
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyi Pan
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - TuKiet T Lam
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jean E Kanyo
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wassim H Fares
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hanwen Bai
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Ye Gan
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xueyan Peng
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Meagan W Moore
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Parid Sava
- Yale University School of Engineering, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Yuwei Cheng
- Yale University Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Erica L Herzog
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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30
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Gallo J, Raska M, Kriegova E, Goodman SB. Inflammation and its resolution and the musculoskeletal system. J Orthop Translat 2017; 10:52-67. [PMID: 28781962 PMCID: PMC5541893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, an essential tissue response to extrinsic/intrinsic damage, is a very dynamic process in terms of complexity and extension of cellular and metabolic involvement. The aim of the inflammatory response is to eliminate the pathogenic initiator with limited collateral damage of the inflamed tissue, followed by a complex tissue repair to the preinflammation phenotype. Persistent inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of many musculoskeletal diseases including ageing-related pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopaenia. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation and its resolution is therefore critical for the development of effective regenerative, and therapeutic strategies in orthopaedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, Redwood City, CA 94063-6342, USA
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31
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Liu Y, Qingjuan S, Gao Z, Deng C, Wang Y, Guo C. Circulating fibrocytes are involved in inflammation and leukocyte trafficking in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7400. [PMID: 28658176 PMCID: PMC5500098 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrocytes, ahematopoietic stem cell source of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, were previously implicated to infiltrate into the intestinal and enhance inflammation.The aims of the present study were to elucidate the role of fibrocytes in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) pathogenesis and to explore the mechanisms by which fibrocytes contributed to the inflammatory responses.We investigated circulating and intestinal local fibrocytes from 32 patients with NEC, 8 patients with noninflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and 12 normal subjects.Significantly higher numbers of circulating fibrocytes were found in the peripheral blood from NEC patients than the controls (P < .01). Numerous fibrocytes were found infiltrating the NEC intestinal mucous membranes. The percentage of fibrocytes to total leukocytes in the NEC inflammatory lesions was significantly increased compared with the percentage in the noninflammatory gastrointestinal tract. The fibrocyte attractant chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) was significantly increased in the plasma and was detectable in 80% of the peritoneal lavage fluid from NEC patients but not the controls. Furthermore, chemokine expression was increased in fibrocytes infiltrating and trafficking to leukocyte sites. In culture, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a significant increase in the expression of the Toll-like receptor (TLR4) signal, with the upregulation of p38 in both the isolated fibrocytes and macrophages. Similarly, interleukin (IL)-1β induced increased the upregulation of the IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 mRNAs but downregulated ColI in fibrocytes isolated from NEC patients compared with the controls.These findings indicate that circulating fibrocytes are increased in NEC patients and may be recruited to the inflammatory intestinal track, most likely through the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. These cells may contribute to intestinal inflammation through TLR4 signaling by producing the TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Neonatal, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Shang Qingjuan
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province
| | - Zongwei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province
| | - Chun Deng
- Department of Neonatal, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University
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32
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Carthy JM. TGFβ signaling and the control of myofibroblast differentiation: Implications for chronic inflammatory disorders. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:98-106. [PMID: 28247933 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The myofibroblast is a highly specialized cell type that plays a critical role during normal tissue wound healing, but also contributes pathologically to chronic inflammatory conditions such as fibrosis and cancer. As fibrotic conditions continue to be a major burden to the public health system, novel therapies that target the function of myofibroblasts may show promise in the clinic. The cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is the most potent known inducer of myofibroblast differentiation and thus represents a powerful target to modify myofibroblast function during disease. This review focuses on our current understanding of the key signaling pathways activated by TGFβ during myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon M Carthy
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Mattoli S. Involvement of fibrocytes in asthma and clinical implications. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1497-509. [PMID: 25752439 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bloodborne fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived cells that participate in immune responses and exhibit pro-inflammatory and matrix remodelling properties. In patients with asthma receiving an adequate treatment, the blood fibrocyte count is very low and comparable to that obtained in healthy individuals. In these patients, a transient increase in fibrocyte numbers in the peripheral blood and in the airways occurs in concomitance with increased bronchial inflammation and reflects disease worsening and the need for more intensive treatment. Persistently elevated numbers of fibrocytes in the peripheral blood and in the bronchial mucosa are observed in chronically undertreated or corticosteroid-resistant asthma and are associated with persistent airway inflammation and ongoing remodelling of the bronchial wall. The asthmatic bronchial epithelium is the main source of fibrocyte chemoattractants in asthma and contributes with T helper type 2 lymphocytes and eosinophils to promote the proliferation and pro-remodelling function of recruited fibrocytes. The presence of elevated numbers of fibrocytes in the bronchial mucosa of allergic patients with undertreated or treatment-resistant asthma may also increase the risk of acute exacerbations because these cells can amplify T helper type 2 lymphocyte-driven inflammation on every exposure to the clinically relevant allergen and can promote further inflammation on rhinovirus infections by allowing viral replication and releasing additional pro-inflammatory factors. Improved methods for the isolation and functional analysis of pure populations of viable circulating fibrocytes have allowed a better understanding of the effector role of these cells. A reliable and clinically applicable assay has been developed to measure blood fibrocyte counts as outcome measure in future clinical trials. New therapeutic agents are needed to block both persistent inflammation and fibrocytosis in corticosteroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mattoli
- Avail Biomedical Research Institute, Scientific Direction and Project Management Centre, Basel, Switzerland
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Galligan CL, Keystone EC, Fish EN. Fibrocyte and T cell interactions promote disease pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2016; 69:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bochaton-Piallat ML, Gabbiani G, Hinz B. The myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrosis: answered and unanswered questions. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27158462 PMCID: PMC4847562 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8190.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the myofibroblast has allowed definition of the cell responsible for wound contraction and for the development of fibrotic changes. This review summarizes the main features of the myofibroblast and the mechanisms of myofibroblast generation. Myofibroblasts originate from a variety of cells according to the organ and the type of lesion. The mechanisms of myofibroblast contraction, which appear clearly different to those of smooth muscle cell contraction, are described. Finally, we summarize the possible strategies in order to reduce myofibroblast activities and thus influence several pathologies, such as hypertrophic scars and organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Vascular Remodelling and Mesenchymal Transition in Systemic Sclerosis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4636859. [PMID: 27069480 PMCID: PMC4812480 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4636859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis of the skin and of internal organs, autoimmunity, and vascular inflammation are hallmarks of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). The injury and activation of endothelial cells, with hyperplasia of the intima and eventual obliteration of the vascular lumen, are early features of SSc. Reduced capillary blood flow coupled with deficient angiogenesis leads to chronic hypoxia and tissue ischemia, enforcing a positive feed-forward loop sustaining vascular remodelling, further exacerbated by extracellular matrix accumulation due to fibrosis. Despite numerous developments and a growing number of controlled clinical trials no treatment has been shown so far to alter SSc natural history, outlining the need of further investigation in the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. We review some processes potentially involved in SSc vasculopathy, with attention to the possible effect of sustained vascular inflammation on the plasticity of vascular cells. Specifically we focus on mesenchymal transition, a key phenomenon in the cardiac and vascular development as well as in the remodelling of injured vessels. Recent work supports the role of transforming growth factor-beta, Wnt, and Notch signaling in these processes. Importantly, endothelial-mesenchymal transition may be reversible, possibly offering novel cues for treatment.
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Husseini M, Wang GS, Patrick C, Crookshank JA, MacFarlane AJ, Noel JA, Strom A, Scott FW. Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes in Association With Pancreatic Recruitment of M2-Like Macrophages, Mesenchymal Cells, and Fibrocytes. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3937-49. [PMID: 26252059 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory and regenerative processes are activated in the pancreas during the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) but are insufficient to prevent the disease. We hypothesized that the induction of cytoprotective heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by cobalt protophoryrin (CoPP) would prevent T1D by promoting anti-inflammatory and pro-repair processes. Diabetes-prone BioBreeding rats received ip CoPP or saline twice per week for 3 weeks, starting at 30 days and were monitored for T1D. Immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, quantitative RT-PCR, and microarrays were used to evaluate postinjection pancreatic changes at 51 days, when islet inflammation is first visible. T1D was prevented in CoPP-treated rats (29% vs 73%). Pancreatic Hmox1 was up-regulated along with islet-associated CD68(+)HO-1(+) cells, which were also observed in a striking peri-lobular interstitial infiltrate. Most interstitial cells expressed the mesenchymal marker vimentin and the hematopoietic marker CD34. Spindle-shaped, CD34(+)vimentin(+) cells coexpressed collagen V, characteristic of fibrocytes. M2 macrophage factors Krüppel-like factor 4, CD163, and CD206 were expressed by interstitial cells, consistent with pancreatic upregulation of several M2-associated genes. CoPP upregulated islet-regenerating REG genes and increased neogenic REG3β(+) and insulin(+) clusters. Thus, short-term induction of HO-1 promoted a protective M2-like milieu in the pancreas and recruited mesenchymal cells, M2 macrophages, and fibrocytes that imparted immunoregulatory and pro-repair effects, preventing T1D.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Collagen Type V/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Heme Oxygenase-1/biosynthesis
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mannose Receptor
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Protoporphyrins/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Husseini
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Gen-Sheng Wang
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Christopher Patrick
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Jennifer A Crookshank
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Amanda J MacFarlane
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - J Ariana Noel
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Alexander Strom
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Fraser W Scott
- Chronic Disease Program (M.H., G.-S.W., C.P., J.A.C., J.A.N., A.S., F.W.S.), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6 and Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.H., C.P., A.J.M., J.A.N., F.W.S.) and Medicine (F.W.S.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6; Food Directorate (A.J.M.), Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
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Hashimoto M, Nasser H, Bhuyan F, Kuse N, Satou Y, Harada S, Yoshimura K, Sakuragi JI, Monde K, Maeda Y, Welbourn S, Strebel K, Abd El-Wahab EW, Miyazaki M, Hattori S, Chutiwitoonchai N, Hiyoshi M, Oka S, Takiguchi M, Suzu S. Fibrocytes Differ from Macrophages but Can Be Infected with HIV-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4341-50. [PMID: 26416279 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocytes (fibroblastic leukocytes) are recently identified as unique hematopoietic cells with features of both macrophages and fibroblasts. Fibrocytes are known to contribute to the remodeling or fibrosis of various injured tissues. However, their role in viral infection is not fully understood. In this study, we show that differentiated fibrocytes are phenotypically distinguishable from macrophages but can be infected with HIV-1. Importantly, fibrocytes exhibited persistently infected cell-like phenotypes, the degree of which was more apparent than macrophages. The infected fibrocytes produced replication-competent HIV-1, but expressed HIV-1 mRNA at low levels and strongly resisted HIV-1-induced cell death, which enabled them to support an extremely long-term HIV-1 production at low but steady levels. More importantly, our results suggested that fibrocytes were susceptible to HIV-1 regardless of their differentiation state, in contrast to the fact that monocytes become susceptible to HIV-1 after the differentiation into macrophages. Our findings indicate that fibrocytes are the previously unreported HIV-1 host cells, and they suggest the importance of considering fibrocytes as one of the long-lived persistently infected cells for curing HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hashimoto
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hesham Nasser
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Farzana Bhuyan
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kuse
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Harada
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshimura
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Sakuragi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Monde
- Department of Medical Virology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yosuke Maeda
- Department of Medical Virology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sarah Welbourn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Klaus Strebel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Ekram W Abd El-Wahab
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsue Miyazaki
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | | | | | - Masateru Hiyoshi
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takiguchi
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan;
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39
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Dean BJF, Gettings P, Dakin SG, Carr AJ. Are inflammatory cells increased in painful human tendinopathy? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2015; 50:216-20. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Zheng R, Park Y, Kim S, Cho J, Heo S, Koak J, Lee S, Park J, Lee J, Kim J. Bone Regeneration of Blood-derived Stem Cells within Dental Implants. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1318-25. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515590368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood (PB) is known as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as is bone marrow (BM), and is acquired easily. However, it is difficult to have enough MSCs, and their osteogenic capacity with dental implantations is scarce. Therefore, we characterized peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) cultured on a bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and demonstrated the osteogenic capability in an experimental chamber implant surgery model in rabbits. We isolated PBMSCs from rabbits by culturing on a natural ECM-coated plate during primary culture. We characterized the PBMSCs using a fluorescence-activated cell scanner, cell proliferation assay, and multiple differentiation assay and compared them with BMMSCs. We also analyzed the osteogenic potential of PBMSCs mixed with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) by transplanting them into immunocompromised mice. Then, the mixture was applied to the canals. After 3 and 6 wk, we analyzed new bone (NB) formation inside the chambers using histological and histomorphometric analyses. The PBMSCs had a similar rate of BrdU-positive cells to BMMSCs, positively expressing CD90 but negative for CD14. The PBMSCs also showed osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic ability in vitro and osteogenic ability in vivo. Histological and histomorphometric results illustrated that the PBMSC and BMMSC groups showed higher NB than the HA/TCP and defect groups in the upper and lower chambers at 6 wk and in the upper canal at 3 wk; however, there was no difference in NB among all groups in the lower canal at 3 wk. The PBMSCs have characteristics and bone regeneration ability similar to BMMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. ECM was effective for obtaining PBMSCs. Therefore, PBMSCs are a promising source for bone regeneration for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.C. Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y.K. Park
- Department of Dental Research Institute, Brain Korea 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S.K. Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J. Cho
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S.J. Heo
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J.Y. Koak
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S.J. Lee
- Department of Orthodontics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J.M. Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Gwanak Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J.H. Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J.H. Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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García de Alba C, Buendia-Roldán I, Salgado A, Becerril C, Ramírez R, González Y, Checa M, Navarro C, Ruiz V, Pardo A, Selman M. Fibrocytes Contribute to Inflammation and Fibrosis in Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis through Paracrine Effects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:427-36. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201407-1334oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Hirai H, Fujishita T, Kurimoto K, Miyachi H, Kitano S, Inamoto S, Itatani Y, Saitou M, Maekawa T, Taketo MM. CCR1-mediated accumulation of myeloid cells in the liver microenvironment promoting mouse colon cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:977-89. [PMID: 25326065 PMCID: PMC4256518 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To understand colon cancer metastasis, we earlier analyzed a mouse model that developed liver metastasis of cancer cells disseminated from the spleen. We suggested that CCR1(+) bone marrow (BM)-derived cells are recruited to the microenvironment of disseminated colon cancer cells, and produce metalloproteinases MMP9 and MMP2, helping metastatic colonization. In the present study, we have examined these myeloid cells expressing CCR1 and/or MMPs in detail. To this end, we have established bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based transgenic mouse lines in which membrane-targeted Venus fluorescent protein (mVenus) was expressed under the control of Ccr1 gene promoter. Then, myeloid cells obtained from the BM and liver metastatic foci were analyzed by the combination of flow cytometry and cytology/immunohistochemistry, in situ RNA hybridization, or quantitative RT-PCR. We have found four distinct types of myeloid cells recruited to the metastatic foci; neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and fibrocytes. These cell types exhibited distinct expression patterns for CCR1, MMP2 and MMP9. Namely, neutrophils found in the early phase of cancer cell dissemination expressed CCR1 exclusively and MMP9 preferentially, whereas fibrocytes accumulated in later phase expressed MMP2 exclusively. Either genetic inactivation of Ccr1 or antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion reduced subsequent recruitment of fibrocytes. The recruitment of CCR1(+) neutrophils in early phase of colon cancer dissemination appears to cause that of fibrocytes in late phase. These results implicate the key role of CCR1 in colon cancer metastasis in this mouse model, and explain why both MMP9 and MMP2 are essential as genetically demonstrated previously. The results also suggest relevant mechanisms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Hirai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruaki Fujishita
- Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
- Present Address: Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681 Japan
| | - Kazuki Kurimoto
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Reproductive Engineering Team, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Reproductive Engineering Team, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Inamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Present Address: Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoé-Cho, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Mark Taketo
- Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zoso A, Mazza EMC, Bicciato S, Mandruzzato S, Bronte V, Serafini P, Inverardi L. Human fibrocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells express IDO and promote tolerance via Treg-cell expansion. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3307-19. [PMID: 25113564 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
By restraining T-cell activation and promoting Treg-cell expansion, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tolerogenic DCs can control self-reactive and antigraft effector T cells in autoimmunity and transplantation. Their therapeutic use and characterization, however, is limited by their scarce availability in the peripheral blood of tumor-free donors. In the present study, we describe and characterize a novel population of human myeloid suppressor cells, named fibrocytic MDSC, which are differentiated from umbilical cord blood precursors by 4-day culture with FDA-approved cytokines (recombinant human-GM-CSF and recombinant human-G-CSF). This MDSC subset, characterized by the expression of MDSC-, DC-, and fibrocyte-associated markers, promotes Treg-cell expansion and induces normoglycemia in a xenogeneic mouse model of Type 1 diabetes. In order to exert their protolerogenic function, fibrocytic MDSCs require direct contact with activated T cells, which leads to the production and secretion of IDO. This new myeloid subset may have an important role in the in vitro and in vivo production of Treg cells for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and in either the prevention or control of allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Zoso
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Enumeration of circulating fibrocytes for clinical use in asthma by an optimized single-platform flow cytometry assay. BBA CLINICAL 2014; 1:52-8. [PMID: 26673636 PMCID: PMC4633918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Elevated numbers of circulating fibrocytes are associated with inadequately controlled asthma, poor response to available therapies, and increased risk of adverse outcomes. The lack of reliable and clinically-applicable assays precludes a proper evaluation of blood fibrocyte count as a prognostic biomarker in asthma. This report concerns the use of a multiparameter flow cytometry assay for the enumeration of fibrocytes in the whole blood. Methods Consenting fibrocyte donors were 19 patients with asthma well controlled by current treatment, 16 patients with treatment-resistant asthma, 9 patients with transiently uncontrolled asthma and 14 age-matched normal individuals. Blood sampling was performed once in patients with transiently uncontrolled asthma and twice, at an interval of one week, in the other subjects. The assay was performed in 100 μl of whole blood and involved a sequential gating strategy and absolute fibrocyte counting with a single instrument (single-platform assay). Results The quantification of circulating fibrocytes by this assay was analytically and clinically valid. In individuals with stable clinical conditions, the repeatability of blood fibrocyte counts over one week was good. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.939 and 96.88% of the total variability reflected on-average differences among the tested subjects. Stabilized blood samples could be stored at 4 °C for up to 96 h before processing. Conclusions The novel assay for the enumeration of fibrocytes in the whole blood is reliable and clinically applicable. General significance This report demonstrates the validity and reliability of the first optimized assay for the enumeration of circulating fibrocytes in multicenter clinical trials. Elevated blood fibrocyte count is an emerging prognostic biomarker in asthma. The lack of reliable, clinically-applicable assays precludes further evaluation. An optimized whole-blood single-platform flow cytometry assay is described here. The assay is analytically and clinically valid and provides reproducible measures. Stabilized blood samples can be stored for 96 h at 4 °C before processing.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-amino-actinomycin-D
- AF, Alexa Fluor
- Asthma
- BMC, blood mononuclear cell
- Biomarker
- CCC, concordance correlation coefficient
- CI, confidence interval
- COL1, type I collagen
- CT, threshold cycle
- Clinical outcome
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- FSC, forward scatter
- Fibrocyte enumeration
- Flow cytometry
- ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- PB, Pacific Blue
- SD, standard deviation
- SS, sum of squares
- SSC, side scatter
- Single-platform assay
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Poggi A, Musso A, Dapino I, Zocchi MR. Mechanisms of tumor escape from immune system: role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:55-72. [PMID: 24657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment represents the site where the tumor tries to survive and escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Indeed, to proliferate tumor cells can divert the immune response inducing the generation of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells which can limit the efficiency of effector antitumor lymphocytes in eliminating neoplastic cells. Many components of the tumor microenvironment can serve as a double sword for the tumor and the host. Several types of fibroblast-like cells, which herein we define mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), secrete extracellular matrix components and surrounding the tumor mass can limit the expansion of the tumor. On the other hand, MSC can interfere with the immune recognition of tumor cells producing immunoregulatory cytokines as transforming growth factor (TGF)ß, releasing soluble ligands of the activating receptors expressed on cytolytic effector cells as decoy molecules, affecting the correct interaction among lymphocytes and tumor cells. MSC can also serve as target for the same anti-tumor effector lymphocytes or simply impede the interaction between these lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. Thus, several evidences point out the role of MSC, both in epithelial solid tumors and hematological malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and immune response. Herein, we review these evidences and suggest that MSC can be a suitable target for a more efficient anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Dapino
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Epigenetic regulation of fibrocyte differentiation? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 69:85-7. [PMID: 24512845 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Circulating fibrocytes stabilize blood vessels during angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:556-71. [PMID: 24300950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that circulating fibrocytes play important roles in angiogenesis. However, the specific role of fibrocytes in angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that fibrocytes stabilized newly formed blood vessels in a mouse wound-healing model by inhibiting angiogenesis during the proliferative phase and inhibiting blood vessel regression during the remodeling phase. Fibrocytes also inhibited angiogenesis in a Matrigel mouse model. In vitro study showed that fibrocytes inhibited both the apoptosis and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in a permeable support (Transwell) co-culture system. In a three-dimensional collagen gel, fibrocytes stabilized the VEC tubes by decreasing VEC tube density on stimulation with growth factors and preventing VEC tube regression on withdrawal of growth factors. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that fibrocytes expressed many prosurvival factors that are responsible for the prosurvival effect of fibrocytes on VECs and blood vessels. Fibrocytes also expressed angiogenesis inhibitors, including thrombospondin-1 (THBS1). THBS1 knockdown partially blocked the fibrocyte-induced inhibition of VEC proliferation in the Transwell co-culture system and recovered the fibrocyte-induced decrease of VEC tube density in collagen gel. Purified fibrocytes transfected with THBS1 siRNA partially recovered the fibrocyte-induced inhibition of angiogenesis in both the wound-healing and Matrigel models. In conclusion, our findings reveal that fibrocytes stabilize blood vessels via prosurvival factors and anti-angiogenic factors, including THBS1.
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