1
|
Vivarelli F, Morosini C, Rullo L, Losapio LM, Lacorte A, Sangiorgi S, Ghini S, Fagiolino I, Franchi P, Lucarini M, Candeletti S, Canistro D, Romualdi P, Paolini M. Effects of unburned tobacco smoke on inflammatory and oxidative mediators in the rat prefrontal cortex. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328917. [PMID: 38333013 PMCID: PMC10851081 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the Food and Drug Administration has authorized the marketing of "heat-not-burn" (HnB) electronic cigarettes as a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP), toxicological effects of HnB smoke exposure on the brain are still unexplored. Here, paramagnetic resonance of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of HnB-exposed rats shows a dramatic increase in reactive radical species (RRS) yield coupled with an inflammatory response mediated by NF-κB-target genes including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma expression. The PFC shows higher levels of 8-hydroxyguanosine, a marker of DNA oxidative damage, along with the activation of antioxidant machinery and DNA repair systems, including xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) protein complex and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1. HnB also induces the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2E, particularly involved in the biotransformation of nicotine and several carcinogenic agents such as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons here recorded in the HnB stick smoke. Taken together, these effects, from disruption of redox homeostasis, inflammation, PPAR manipulation along with enhanced bioactivation of neurotoxicants, and upregulation of cMYC protooncogene to impairment of primary cellular defense mechanisms, suggest a possible increased risk of brain cancer. Although the HnB device reduces the emission of tobacco toxicants, our findings indicate that its consumption may carry a risk of potential adverse health effects, especially in non-smokers so far. Further studies are needed to fully understand the long-term effects of these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Morosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Maria Losapio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Lacorte
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Sangiorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Severino Ghini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paola Franchi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Lu L, Yang H, Wu X, Luo X, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Cho CH, Li Q, Li X, Li W, Wang F, Sun Y, Gu L, Chen M, Li M. Dysregulation of immunity by cigarette smoking promotes inflammation and cancer: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122730. [PMID: 37838314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a serious global health issue. Cigarette smoking contains over 7000 different chemicals. The main harmful components include nicotine, acrolein, aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which play the key role for cigarette-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. Growing evidences show that cigarette smoking and its components exert a remarkable impact on regulation of immunity and dysregulated immunity promotes inflammation and cancer. Therefore, this comprehensive and up-to-date review covers four interrelated topics, including cigarette smoking, inflammation, cancer and immune system. The known harmful chemicals from cigarette smoking were summarized. Importantly, we discussed in depth the impact of cigarette smoking on the formation of inflammatory or tumor microenvironment, primarily by affecting immune effector cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the main molecular mechanisms by which cigarette smoking induces inflammation and cancer, including changes in epigenetics, DNA damage and others were further summarized. This article will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of cigarette smoking on inducing inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zang X, Meng X, Liu X, Geng H, Liang J. Relationship between body fat ratio and inflammatory markers in a Chinese population of adult male smokers. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102441. [PMID: 37781105 PMCID: PMC10534208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the correlation between changes in the body fat ratio (BFR) and peripheral blood inflammatory markers according to smoking status in the adult Chinese male population. Methods A total of 865 participants (aged 20-70 years) were included. All participants underwent a physical health examination at Xiguzhou Central Hospital between October 2015 and July 2016, including measurements of body mass index (BMI), BFR, white blood cell [WBC] count, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]. Results WBCs count and NLR were significantly higher in adult male smokers than in non-smokers (P = 0.00). According to the BFR stratification analysis, WBC count and NLR significantly increased in accordance with BFR (P = 0.00). This finding remained significant after adjusting for relevant confounding factors (P < 0.05). Two-factor stratified analysis of smoking status and BFR showed that WBC count and NLR in the smoking population were higher than in nonsmokers, regardless of BFR. The interaction model showed that BFR and smoking status affected WBC count and NLR changes (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between WBC count, NLR, and BFR in adult male smokers; however, there was no significant correlation with BMI. There was an interaction between smoking and BFR, both of which synergistically affected changes in inflammatory markers, including WBC count and NLR. Conclusion WBC count and NLR of smokers with a high BFR were significantly higher than those of nonsmokers with a low BFR. It is important to provide evidence-based medical evidence for social tobacco control and to reduce BFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zang
- Department of Endocrinology and Central Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xuekui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Central Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Houfa Geng
- Department of Endocrinology and Central Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Central Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
- Postgraduate Workstation of Soochow University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brembach TC, Sabat R, Witte K, Schwerdtle T, Wolk K. Molecular and functional changes in neutrophilic granulocytes induced by nicotine: a systematic review and critical evaluation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281685. [PMID: 38077313 PMCID: PMC10702484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over 1.1 billion people smoke worldwide. The alkaloid nicotine is a prominent and addictive component of tobacco. In addition to tumors and cardiovascular disorders, tobacco consumption is associated with a variety of chronic-inflammatory diseases. Although neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) play a role in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases, the impact of nicotine on neutrophils has not been systematically reviewed so far. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the direct influence of nicotine on human neutrophil functions, specifically on cell death/damage, apoptosis, chemotaxis, general motility, adhesion molecule expression, eicosanoid synthesis, cytokine/chemokine expression, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), net antimicrobial activity, and enzyme release. Material and methods This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in the databases NCBI Pubmed® and Web of Science™ in February 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised English written research articles, showing in vitro studies on the direct impact of nicotine on specified human neutrophil functions. Results Of the 532 originally identified articles, data from 34 articles were finally compiled after several evaluation steps. The considered studies highly varied in methodological aspects. While at high concentrations (>3 mmol/l) nicotine started to be cytotoxic to neutrophils, concentrations typically achieved in blood of smokers (in the nmol/l range) applied for long exposure times (24-72h) supported the survival of neutrophils. Smoking-relevant nicotine concentrations also increased the chemotaxis of neutrophils towards several chemoattractants, elevated their production of elastase, lipocalin-2, CXCL8, leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2, and reduced their integrin expression. Moreover, while nicotine impaired the neutrophil phagocytotic and anti-microbial activity, a range of studies demonstrated increased NET formation. However, conflicting effects were found on ROS generation, selectin expression and release of β-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase. Conclusion Nicotine seems to support the presence in the tissue and the inflammatory and selected tissue-damaging activity of neutrophils and reduces their antimicrobial functions, suggesting a direct contribution of nicotine to the pathogenesis of chronic-inflammatory diseases via influencing the neutrophil biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa-Charlotte Brembach
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Witte
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Zhang XJ, Yuan N, Wang YM, Ip P, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Pang CP, Yam JC. Secondhand smoke exposure and ocular health: A systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:1166-1207. [PMID: 37479063 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The toxicology of secondhand smoke (SHS), along with the harm of its exposure to human health, has been generally acknowledged; however, specific evidence is lacking on the association between SHS exposure and ocular health. In this systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022247992), we included 55 original articles published by 12 May 2023, which dealt with SHS exposure and ocular disorders, such as eye irritation, conjunctivitis, dry eye diseases, uveitis, myopia, astigmatism, contact lens discomfort, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and thyroid eye disease that addressed the ocular neurovascular structures of the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, choroid, and corneal biomechanical parameters. We found compelling correlational evidence for eye irritation, conjunctivitis, and dry eye symptoms-supporting that SHS exposure was positively associated with inflammatory and allergic changes in the eyes. Yet, evidence about the associations between SHS exposure and other ocular disorders, structures, and parameters is still limited or controversial. Given the limitations of existing literature, more investigations with high quality and rigorous design are warranted to elucidate the potentially harmful effects of SHS exposure on ocular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youjuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiu Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Nan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Kunming Bright Eye Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 PMCID: PMC10234254 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deepening Our Understanding of the Factors Affecting Landscape of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: What Do We Know about Them? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041348. [PMID: 36831689 PMCID: PMC9954305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in bone marrow. As with all tumors, the development of MPNs is a consequence of alterations in malignant cells and their interaction with other extrinsic factors that support and promote tumor progression. Since the discovery of driver mutations, much work has focused on studying and reviewing the genomic features of the disease but has neglected to delve into the important role that many other mechanisms may play. This review discusses the genetic component of MPNs but focuses mainly on some of the most relevant work investigating other non-genetic factors that may be crucial for the disease. The studies summarized here address MPN cell-intrinsic or -extrinsic factors and the interaction between them through transcriptomic, proteomic and microbiota studies, among others.
Collapse
|
8
|
Effect of cigarette smoke on mucosal vaccine response with activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells: The outcomes of in vivo and in vitro experiments. Vaccine 2023; 41:1447-1456. [PMID: 36702691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines offer several advantages over transdermal vaccines, including the ability to acquire systemic and mucosal immunities. Smoking is a huge public health threat and major risk factor for various diseases that exacerbate or prolong respiratory symptoms and conditions. However, its impact on the efficacy of mucosal vaccines remains partially explored. Thus, this study investigates the effects of smoking on mucosal vaccine reactivity by assessing the induction of Th1 immunity, a vital response in infection defense. Cigarette smoke condensate was prepared as a substitute for mainstream smoke. We intranasally administered diphtheria toxoid as an antigen and natural CpG oligonucleotide G9.1, which enhances the Th1-type antibody (Ab) response in a plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) dependent manner, as an adjuvant to mice to assess the effect of cigarette smoke condensate on Ab responses. The mechanism of its effect was evaluated using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their pDC-rich fraction cultured with or without G9.1. In mice, cigarette smoke condensate tended to decrease diphtheria toxoid-specific Ab response, with a higher reduction in Th1-type IgG2 Ab response than in Th2-type IgG1 Ab response. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cigarette smoke condensate significantly reduced the induction of IFN-α production by G9.1. Moreover, G9.1-induced increases in the CD83 expression in pDCs and the CD80 expression in DCs were suppressed via treatment with cigarette smoke condensate. Among the mechanisms suggested were decreased expression of toll-like receptor 9 mRNA, decreased expression of mRNA for IFN regulatory factor 7, and increased CpG methylation of its promoter region. The analysis of Tbet and GATA3 expressions revealed that cigarette smoke condensate exhibits Th1-directed immunostimulatory activity at a steady state but becomes more Th2-directed under G9.1 stimulation. In conclusion, smoking could reduce mucosal vaccine responses by decreasing pDC activation and, consequently, Th1-dominant immunity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Apatzidou DA. The role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease and treatment outcomes of dental implant therapy. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:45-61. [PMID: 35950749 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been implicated in periodontal pathology through various mechanisms, including perturbations of the inflammatory and host responses to putative periodontal pathogens, alterations in the subgingival microbial communities, and a compromised healing potential of the tissues leading to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. This review provides the evidence for the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontal disease in an attempt to explain possible mechanisms of how tobacco smoking may exert its negative effects on the periodontal tissues via systemic and localized pathways. Early and more recent studies explore cigarette smoking-induced changes in periodontal clinical indices; in subgingival microbial flora by employing traditional detection methods for selected microorganisms, in addition to modern techniques such as deep sequencing and bioinformatics analyses that are able to fully characterize the microbial communities; and in inflammatory and immune responses critically appraising study limitations and differences in study protocol designs. Periodontal treatment outcomes and implant therapy outcomes are reviewed in an attempt to shed light on possible mechanisms for the inferior treatment outcome noted in smokers. The potential harmful effects of passive smoking are also reviewed, providing evidence for the advantages of smoking cessation. Quitting cigarette smoking should be recommended by the dentist, and effort should be made to inform smokers about the negative effects of smoking on the periodontal status and implant therapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Adverse Effects of Air Pollution on the Eye: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031186. [PMID: 35162209 PMCID: PMC8834466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is inevitably the result of human civilization, industrialization, and globalization. It is composed of a mixture of gases and particles at harmful levels. Particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxides (CO2) are mainly generated from vehicle emissions and fuel consumption and are the main materials causing outdoor air pollution. Exposure to polluted outdoor air has been proven to be harmful to human eyes. On the other hand, indoor air pollution from environmental tobacco smoking, heating, cooking, or poor indoor ventilation is also related to several eye diseases, including conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the past 30 years, no updated review has provided an overview of the impact of air pollution on the eye. We reviewed reports on air pollution and eye diseases in the last three decades in the PubMed database, Medline databases, and Google Scholar and discussed the effect of various outdoor and indoor pollutants on human eyes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang F, Hadzic S, Roxlau ET, Fuehler B, Janise-Libawski A, Wimmer T, Lei B, Li SW, Weissmann N, Stieger K. Retinal tissue develops an inflammatory reaction to tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor in mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1459-1469. [PMID: 34264377 PMCID: PMC8455497 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As an alternative to conventional cigarettes (C-cigarette), electronic cigarettes (E-cigarette) have been globally promoted and are currently widely used. The increasing usage of E-cigarettes raises concerns with regard to short- (2 weeks), medium- (3 months), and long- (8 months) term consequences related to retinal tissue. In this report, a controlled study in mouse models was conducted to probe the comprehensive effects of E-cigarette vapor on retina, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), and choroidal tissues by (1) comparing the effects of C-cigarette smoke and E-cigarette vapor on retina separately and (2) determining the effects of E-cigarette vapor on the RPE and analyzing the changes with regard to inflammatory (IL-1β, TNFα, iNOS) and angiogenic (VEGF, PEDF) mediators in retina/RPE/choroid by ELISA assays. The data showed that C-cigarette smoke exposure promoted an inflammatory reaction in the retina in vivo. Mice exposed to E-cigarette (nicotine-free) vapor developed inflammatory and angiogenic reactions more pronounced in RPE and choroid as compared to retinal tissue, while nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapor caused even a more serious reaction. Both inflammatory and pro-angiogenic reactions increased with the extension of exposure time. These results demonstrate that exposure to C-cigarette smoke is harmful to the retina. Likewise, the exposure to E-cigarette vapor (with or without nicotine) increases the occurrence and progression of inflammatory and angiogenic stimuli in the retina, which might also be related to the onset of wet AMD in humans. KEY MESSAGES: C-cigarette smoke exposure promotes an inflammatory reaction in the retina in vivo. Mice exposed to E-cigarette (nicotine-free) vapor develop inflammatory and angiogenic reactions more pronounced in RPE and choroid compared to retinal tissue, while nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapor causes even a more serious reaction. Both inflammatory and pro-angiogenic reactions increase with the extension of E-cigarette vapor exposure time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Stefan Hadzic
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elsa T Roxlau
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Baerbel Fuehler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Wimmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Knut Stieger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Retinoic acid attenuates nuclear factor kappaB mediated induction of NLRP3 inflammasome. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:189-203. [PMID: 34415562 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter and a part of the cholinergic system, can modify immune responses. Expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in immune cells, including macrophages, leads to modulation of their function. Inflammasomes are part of the innate immune system and have been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases. The NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1/IL-1 axis has emerged as a critical signaling pathway in inflammation process initiation. The role of ACh in modulating inflammasomes in macrophages remains relatively under-explored. METHODS The effect of AChR agonist carbachol on inflammasome expression was investigated using murine and human macrophages. Cell lysates were assessed by western blot for protein analysis. Immunofluorescence studies were used to study the translocation of p65. The experiments were conducted in the presence of NF-ĸB inhibitor, AChR antagonists, and retinoic acid (RA) to study the role of NF-ĸB, ACh receptors, and RA, respectively. RESULTS We found that carbachol increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18). The treated cells also showed an increase in NF-ĸB activation. The effect of carbachol was diminished by NF-ĸB inhibitor and atropine, a mAChR antagonist. The addition of RA also significantly reduced the effect of carbachol on NLRP3 inflammasomes. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggests that carbachol induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mAChR and NF-ĸB, and that RA abolishes the inflammatory response. It reveals the potentials of co-administration of RA with cholinergic drugs to prevent inflammatory responses during cholinergic medications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Long-term endogenous acetylcholine deficiency potentiates pulmonary inflammation in a murine model of elastase-induced emphysema. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15918. [PMID: 34354132 PMCID: PMC8342425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), the neurotransmitter of the cholinergic system, regulates inflammation in several diseases including pulmonary diseases. ACh is also involved in a non-neuronal mechanism that modulates the innate immune response. Because inflammation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in pulmonary emphysema, we hypothesized that vesicular acetylcholine transport protein (VAChT) deficiency, which leads to reduction in ACh release, can modulate lung inflammation in an experimental model of emphysema. Mice with genetical reduced expression of VAChT (VAChT KDHOM 70%) and wild-type mice (WT) received nasal instillation of 50 uL of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) or saline on day 0. Twenty-eight days after, animals were evaluated. Elastase instilled VAChT KDHOM mice presented an increase in macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and MAC2-positive macrophages in lung tissue and peribronchovascular area that was comparable to that observed in WT mice. Conversely, elastase instilled VAChT KDHOM mice showed significantly larger number of NF-κB-positive cells and isoprostane staining in the peribronchovascular area when compared to elastase-instilled WT-mice. Moreover, elastase-instilled VAChT-deficient mice showed increased MCP-1 levels in the lungs. Other cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, alveolar enlargement, and lung function were not worse in elastase-instilled VAChT deficiency than in elastase-instilled WT-controls. These data suggest that decreased VAChT expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema, at least in part, through NF-κB activation, MCP-1, and oxidative stress pathways. This study highlights novel pathways involved in lung inflammation that may contribute to the development of chronic obstrutive lung disease (COPD) in cholinergic deficient individuals such as Alzheimer's disease patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associations and Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147272. [PMID: 34298890 PMCID: PMC8304236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to combat cigarette smoking/tobacco use, it still remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, killing more than eight million people each year. While tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to the four main groups—cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes—its impact on neuropsychiatric risk is rather elusive. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of smoking as a potential risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease and to identify central pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. There is strong evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicating that smoking may increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as dementia/cognitive decline, schizophrenia/psychosis, depression, anxiety disorder, and suicidal behavior induced by structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, mainly centered on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. From a public health perspective, preventive measures and policies designed to counteract the global epidemic of smoking should necessarily include warnings and actions that address the risk of neuropsychiatric disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Christensen SF, Scherber RM, Mazza GL, Dueck AC, Brochmann N, Andersen CL, Hasselbalch HC, Mesa RA, Geyer HL. Tobacco use in the Myeloproliferative neoplasms: symptom burden, patient opinions, and care. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:691. [PMID: 34112113 PMCID: PMC8194237 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Philadelphia-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) suffer from numerous symptoms and decreased quality of life. Smoking is associated with an increased symptom burden in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between smoking and MPN-related symptom burden and explore MPN patients' opinions on smoking. METHODS A total of 435 patients with MPN participated in a cross-sectional internet-based survey developed by the Mayo Clinic and the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Quality of Life Group. Patients reported their demographics, disease characteristics, tobacco use, and opinions on tobacco use. In addition, MPN-related symptoms were reported via the validated 10-item version of the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form. RESULTS Current/former smokers reported worse fatigue (mean severity 5.6 vs. 5.0, p = 0.02) and inactivity (mean severity 4.0 vs. 3.4, p = 0.03) than never smokers. Moreover, current/former smokers more frequently experienced early satiety (68.5% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.03), inactivity (79.9% vs. 71.1%, p = 0.04), and concentration difficulties (82.1% vs. 73.1%, p = 0.04). Although not significant, a higher total symptom burden was observed for current/former smokers (mean 30.4 vs. 27.0, p = 0.07). Accordingly, overall quality of life was significantly better among never smokers than current/former smokers (mean 3.5 vs. 3.9, p = 0.03). Only 43.2% of the current/former smokers reported having discussed tobacco use with their physician, and 17.5% did not believe smoking increased the risk of thrombosis. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that smoking may be associated with increased prevalence and severity of MPN symptoms and underscores the need to enhance patient education and address tobacco use in the care of MPN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Christensen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Vestermarksvej 9, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robyn M. Scherber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7979 Wurzbach Rd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
- Hematologic Malignancies, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Gina L. Mazza
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
| | - Amylou C. Dueck
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
| | - Nana Brochmann
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Vestermarksvej 9, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christen L. Andersen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Copenhagen at Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans C. Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Vestermarksvej 9, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ruben A. Mesa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7979 Wurzbach Rd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Holly L. Geyer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jasper AE, Sapey E, Thickett DR, Scott A. Understanding potential mechanisms of harm: the drivers of electronic cigarette-induced changes in alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L336-L348. [PMID: 34009037 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00081.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic (e-) cigarettes are growing in popularity despite uncertainties regarding their long-term health implications. The link between cigarette smoking and initiation of chronic lung disease took decades to unpick so in vitro studies mimicking e-cigarette exposure aim to detect early indicators of harm. In response to e-cigarette exposure, alveolar macrophages adopt a proinflammatory phenotype of increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, reduction in phagocytosis, and efferocytosis and reactive oxygen species generation. These effects are largely driven by free radical exposure, changes in PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, nicotine-induced reduction in phagocytosis receptors, and impaired lipid homeostasis leading to a foam-like lipid-laden phenotype. Neutrophils exhibit disrupted chemotaxis and transmigration to chemokines, reduced phagocytosis and bacterial killing, and an increase in protease secretion without corresponding antiproteases in response to e-cigarette exposure. This is driven by an altered ability to respond and to polarize toward chemoattractants, an activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and inability to assemble NADPH oxidase. E-cigarettes induce lung epithelial cells to display decreased ciliary beat frequency and ion channel conductance as well as changes in chemokine secretion and surface protein expression. Changes in gene expression, mitochondrial function, and signaling pathways have been demonstrated in lung epithelial cells to explain these changes. Many functional outputs of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells have not been fully explored in the context of e-cigarette exposure and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly understood. This review discusses current evidence surrounding the effects of e-cigarettes on alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells with particular focus on the cellular mechanisms of change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Jasper
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Scott
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Q, Sundar IK, Li D, Lucas JH, Muthumalage T, McDonough SR, Rahman I. E-cigarette-induced pulmonary inflammation and dysregulated repair are mediated by nAChR α7 receptor: role of nAChR α7 in SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 ACE2 receptor regulation. Respir Res 2020; 21:154. [PMID: 32552811 PMCID: PMC7301079 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping is increasing rapidly in the United States, as e-cigs are considered less harmful than combustible cigarettes. However, limited research has been conducted to understand the possible mechanisms that mediate toxicity and pulmonary health effects of e-cigs. We hypothesized that sub-chronic e-cig exposure induces inflammatory response and dysregulated repair/extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which occur through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7). Adult wild-type (WT), nAChRα7 knockout (KO), and lung epithelial cell-specific KO (nAChRα7 CreCC10) mice were exposed to e-cig aerosol containing propylene glycol (PG) with or without nicotine. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and lung tissues were collected to determine e-cig induced inflammatory response and ECM remodeling, respectively. Sub-chronic e-cig exposure with nicotine increased inflammatory cellular influx of macrophages and T-lymphocytes including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased SARS-Cov-2 Covid-19 ACE2 receptor, whereas nAChRα7 KO mice show reduced inflammatory responses associated with decreased ACE2 receptor. Interestingly, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP2, MMP8 and MMP9, were altered both at the protein and mRNA transcript levels in female and male KO mice, but WT mice exposed to PG alone showed a sex-dependent phenotype. Moreover, MMP12 was increased significantly in male mice exposed to PG with or without nicotine in a nAChRα7-dependent manner. Additionally, sub-chronic e-cig exposure with or without nicotine altered the abundance of ECM proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin, significantly in a sex-dependent manner, but without the direct role of nAChRα7 gene. Overall, sub-chronic e-cig exposure with or without nicotine affected lung inflammation and repair responses/ECM remodeling, which were mediated by nAChRα7 in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joseph H Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Samantha R McDonough
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koschmieder S, Chatain N. Role of inflammation in the biology of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood Rev 2020; 42:100711. [PMID: 32505517 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
What is the role of inflammation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms? This is currently a topic of much debate. In this review, we will discuss experimental results and basic concepts of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). So, which are the players involved? First, these are the clonal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their normal stem cell counterparts in the bone marrow (BM), as well as their more mature progeny in the BM and the peripheral blood (PB), including neutrophils, macrophages, erythrocytes, and platelets, but also other cell lineages. Second, these cells produce a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), TNF-alpha (TNFa), interferon-alpha (IFNa), and others. Third, these cells and cytokines act in concert with non-hematopoietic cells, including endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The latter cells, in particular GLI1 positive or leptin receptor (LepR) positive stromal cells, may become activated by the hematopoietic clone to give rise to myofibroblasts, producing excessive fibrosis in the bone marrow (myelofibrosis). Ultimately, the inflammatory and fibrotic circuit involving these three key players may lead to progression of the disease, resulting in BM failure and transformation into acute leukemia, also termed blast crisis. Here, we review the role of these three effectors in the pathogenesis of MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaselogy, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaselogy, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Q, Sundar I, Li D, Lucas J, Muthumalage T, McDonough S, Rahman I. E-cigarette-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Dysregulated Repair are Mediated by nAChR α7 Receptor: Role of nAChR α7 in ACE2 Covid-19 receptor regulation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2020:rs.2.23829. [PMID: 32702718 PMCID: PMC7336696 DOI: 10.21203/rs.2.23829/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping is increasing rapidly in the United States, as e-cigs are considered less harmful than combustible cigarettes. However, limited research has been conducted to understand the possible mechanism that mediate, toxicity and pulmonary health effects of e-cigs. We hypothesized that sub-chronic e-cig exposure induces inflammatory response and dysregulated repair/extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which occur through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR α7). Adult wild-type (WT), nAChRα7 knockout (KO), and lung epithelial cell-specific KO (nAChRα7 CreCC10) mice were exposed to e-cig aerosol containing propylene glycol (PG) with or without nicotine. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and lungs tissues were collected to determine e-cig induced inflammatory response and ECM remodeling, respectively. Sub-chronic e-cig exposure with nicotine increased the inflammatory cellular influx of macrophages and T-lymphocytes including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased ACE2 Covid-19 receptor, whereas nAChR α7 KO mice show reduced inflammatory responses associated with decreased ACE2 receptor. Interestingly, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP2, MMP8, and MMP9 were altered both at the protein and mRNA transcript levels in female and male, but WT mice exposed to PG alone showed a sex-dependent phenotype. Moreover, MMP12 was increased significantly in male mice exposed to PG with or without nicotine in a nAChR α7-dependent manner. Additionally, sub-chronic e-cig exposure with or without nicotine altered the abundance of ECM proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin significantly in a sex-dependent manner, but without the direct role of nAChR α7 gene. Overall, sub-chronic e-cig exposure with or without nicotine affected lung inflammation and repair responses/ECM remodeling, which were mediated by nAChR α7 in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
20
|
Underwood PW, Zhang DY, Cameron ME, Gerber MH, Delitto D, Maduka MU, Cooper KJ, Han S, Hughes SJ, Judge SM, Judge AR, Trevino JG. Nicotine Induces IL-8 Secretion from Pancreatic Cancer Stroma and Worsens Cancer-Induced Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020329. [PMID: 32024069 PMCID: PMC7072641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is highly associated with pancreatic cancer. Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, is involved in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. This work aimed to describe the role of nicotine within the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment. Nicotine treatment was used in vitro to assess its effect on tumor-associated stromal cells and pancreatic cancer cells. Nicotine treatment was then used in a pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft model to study the effects in vivo. Nicotine induced secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by tumor-associated stroma cells in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent fashion. The secreted IL-8 and nicotine acted on the pancreatic cancer cell, resulting in upregulation of IL-8 receptor. Nicotine treatment of mice bearing pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenografts had significantly increased tumor mass, increased tumor-free weight loss, and decreased muscle mass. These represent important pathways through which nicotine acts within the tumor microenvironment and worsens pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia, potentially representing future therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Underwood
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Dong Yu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Miles E. Cameron
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Michael H. Gerber
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Daniel Delitto
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Michael U. Maduka
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Kyle J. Cooper
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Steven J. Hughes
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Sarah M. Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.M.J.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Andrew R. Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.M.J.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.W.U.); (D.Y.Z.); (M.E.C.); (M.H.G.); (M.U.M.); (K.J.C.); (S.H.); (S.J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kanashiro A, Hiroki CH, da Fonseca DM, Birbrair A, Ferreira RG, Bassi GS, Fonseca MD, Kusuda R, Cebinelli GCM, da Silva KP, Wanderley CW, Menezes GB, Alves-Fiho JC, Oliveira AG, Cunha TM, Pupo AS, Ulloa L, Cunha FQ. The role of neutrophils in neuro-immune modulation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104580. [PMID: 31786317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are peripheral immune cells that represent the first recruited innate immune defense against infections and tissue injury. However, these cells can also induce overzealous responses and cause tissue damage. Although the role of neutrophils activating the immune system is well established, only recently their critical implications in neuro-immune interactions are becoming more relevant. Here, we review several aspects of neutrophils in the bidirectional regulation between the nervous and immune systems. First, the role of neutrophils as a diffuse source of acetylcholine and catecholamines is controversial as well as the effects of these neurotransmitters in neutrophil's functions. Second, neutrophils contribute for the activation and sensitization of sensory neurons, and thereby, in events of nociception and pain. In addition, nociceptor activation promotes an axon reflex triggering a local release of neural mediators and provoking neutrophil activation. Third, the recruitment of neutrophils in inflammatory responses in the nervous system suggests these immune cells as innovative targets in the treatment of central infectious, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Multidisciplinary studies involving immunologists and neuroscientists are required to define the role of the neurons-neutrophils communication in the pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory, and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Hiroji Hiroki
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Gomes Ferreira
- Araguaína Medical School, Federal University of Tocantins, Avenida Paraguai s/n, 77824-838, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Shimizu Bassi
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mirian D Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Katiussia Pinho da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Wagner Wanderley
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Alves-Fiho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André Sampaio Pupo
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The association between smoking and periapical periodontitis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:533-545. [PMID: 31773370 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to examine if, in adult patients, the absence or presence of smoking influenced the prevalence of periapical periodontitis (PP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases were searched, and original research manuscripts up to June 2019 were identified by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used for certainty in the evidence. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5 software. Risk ratio (RR) was used for the cohort studies, and odds ratio (OR) was used for the case-control studies with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS All the studies had many covariates and confounding variables. Three longitudinal cohort articles discussed radiographic findings as they related to the prevalence of PP in root-filled teeth. The RR of smoking and the prevalence of PP was 2.11 (95% CI 0.88-5.05, p = 0.09). Nine case-control studies focused on the prevalence of PP and smoking. There was a positive association between smoking and the prevalence of PP with an OR of 2.78 and a 95% confidence interval of 2.23-3.48, with p value < 0.05. The quality of the studies was fair per NOS, and the certainty of the literature assessment was moderate per GRADE. CONCLUSIONS The current best available evidence suggests that smoking was associated with the prevalence of PP but more studies are needed to report this association in the longitudinal cohort studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Smoking has a positive association with the prevalence of PP.
Collapse
|
23
|
Eduardo CRC, Alejandra TIG, Guadalupe DRKJ, Herminia VRG, Lenin P, Enrique BV, Evandro BM, Oscar B, Iván GPM. Modulation of the extraneuronal cholinergic system on main innate response leukocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 327:22-35. [PMID: 30683425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of elements of the cholinergic system has been demonstrated in non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, where acetylcholine modulates innate and adaptive responses. However, the study of the non-neuronal cholinergic system has focused on lymphocyte cholinergic mechanisms, with less attention to its role of innate cells. Considering this background, the aims of this review are 1) to review information regarding the cholinergic components of innate immune system cells; 2) to discuss the effect of cholinergic stimuli on cell functions; 3) and to describe the importance of cholinergic stimuli on host immunocompetence, in order to set the base for the design of intervention strategies in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Covantes-Rosales Carlos Eduardo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Toledo-Ibarra Gladys Alejandra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Díaz-Resendiz Karina Janice Guadalupe
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Ventura-Ramón Guadalupe Herminia
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Pavón Lenin
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Becerril-Villanueva Enrique
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Bauer Moisés Evandro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bottaso Oscar
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNR-CONICET), Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Girón-Pérez Manuel Iván
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pedersen KM, Bak M, Sørensen AL, Zwisler AD, Ellervik C, Larsen MK, Hasselbalch HC, Tolstrup JS. Smoking is associated with increased risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms: A general population-based cohort study. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5796-5802. [PMID: 30318865 PMCID: PMC6246929 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Former studies on smoking as a risk factor for Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have mainly been carried out in women's cohorts and studies with various definitions of MPNs. Herein, we conducted a cohort study with register‐based follow‐up of a general population from Denmark, to validate and substantiate prior observations. Methods In the Danish Health Examination Survey cohort, we used the Cox proportional‐hazards model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and level of education, to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), to investigate, whether daily smokers or occasional/ex‐smokers had an increased risk of MPNs compared to never‐smokers. Results From the time of data collection (September 2007 to October 2008) until 1 January 2015, 70 individuals were diagnosed with MPNs among 75 896 study participants. Similar results were observed in both the age and sex adjusted analysis and the multivariable analysis. The multivariable HR of any MPN diagnosis for daily smokers was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3‐5.0). For essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, and MPN‐unclassified, the HRs were 1.8 (95% CI: 0.5‐5.8), 1.7 (95% CI: 0.5‐5.8), 4.3 (95% CI: 0.9‐19), and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.5‐25), respectively. Among occasional/ex‐smokers the corresponding HRs were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1‐3.3), 1.5 (95% CI: 0.6‐3.7), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3‐2.4), 0.9 (95% CI: 0.2‐4.4), and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.8‐21). Participants, who smoked >15 g/day, had an overall HR of 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4‐8.2) for any MPN diagnosis, while participants who smoked ≤15 g/day, had an overall HR of 2.1 (95% CI: 0.9‐4.7). Conclusion Smoking was associated with MPN development when comparing smokers and never‐smokers. Further studies investigating smoking in MPNs are warranted to substantiate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper M Pedersen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marie Bak
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders L Sørensen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann-Dorthe Zwisler
- REHPA, Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Morten K Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Science and Environment, University of Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans C Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reardon C, Murray K, Lomax AE. Neuroimmune Communication in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2287-2316. [PMID: 30109819 PMCID: PMC6170975 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems are tightly integrated, with each system capable of influencing the other to respond to infectious or inflammatory perturbations of homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrating the ability of neural stimulation to significantly reduce the severity of immunopathology and consequently reduce mortality have led to a resurgence in the field of neuroimmunology. Highlighting the tight integration of the nervous and immune systems, afferent neurons can be activated by a diverse range of substances from bacterial-derived products to cytokines released by host cells. While activation of vagal afferents by these substances dominates the literature, additional sensory neurons are responsive as well. It is becoming increasingly clear that although the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has become the predominant model, a multitude of functional circuits exist through which neuronal messengers can influence immunological outcomes. These include pathways whereby efferent signaling occurs independent of the vagus nerve through sympathetic neurons. To receive input from the nervous system, immune cells including B and T cells, macrophages, and professional antigen presenting cells express specific neurotransmitter receptors that affect immune cell function. Specialized immune cell populations not only express neurotransmitter receptors, but express the enzymatic machinery required to produce neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, allowing them to act as signaling intermediaries. Although elegant experiments have begun to decipher some of these interactions, integration of these molecules, cells, and anatomy into defined neuroimmune circuits in health and disease is in its infancy. This review describes these circuits and highlights continued challenges and opportunities for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reardon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California ; and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California ; and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California ; and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kodidela S, Ranjit S, Sinha N, McArthur C, Kumar A, Kumar S. Cytokine profiling of exosomes derived from the plasma of HIV-infected alcohol drinkers and cigarette smokers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201144. [PMID: 30052665 PMCID: PMC6063410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines circulate in plasma and may be transferred to distant sites, via exosomes. HIV infection is associated with dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines, which subsequently contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV. Alcohol and tobacco exposure, which are prevalent in HIV-infected individuals, may induce changes in the expression of cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, our aim in this study was to quantify plasma exosomal cytokines and chemokines that we expect to exacerbate toxicity or disease progression in HIV-positive drug abusers. We measured the levels of cytokines and chemokines in the plasma and plasma exosomes of 39 patients comprising six groups: HIV-negative and HIV-positive non drug abusers, HIV-negative and HIV-positive alcohol users, and HIV-negative and HIV positive tobacco smokers. We measured six cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1ra, IL-10) and two chemokines (MCP-1 and RANTES). All were present in exosomes of healthy subjects, but their levels varied between different study groups. HIV-positive alcohol drinkers had higher levels of plasma IL-8 compared to those of HIV-positive non-drinkers. The IL-1ra level was significantly higher in exosomes of non-HIV-infected alcohol drinkers compared to those of HIV-positive alcohol drinkers. Interestingly, the IL-10 level was higher in exosomes compared with their respective plasma levels in all study groups except HIV-positive non-alcohol drinkers. IL-10 was completely packaged in exosomes of HIV-positive smokers. HIV-positive smokers had significantly higher levels of plasma IL-8 compared with HIV-positive non-smokers and significantly higher exosomal IL-6 levels compared with HIV-negative subjects. HIV-positive smokers had significantly increased plasma levels of IL-1ra compared to HIV-positive non-smokers. The MCP-1 levels in the plasma of HIV-positive smokers was significantly higher than in either HIV-positive non-drug abusers or HIV-negative smokers. Overall, the findings suggest that plasma cytokines and chemokines are packaged in exosomes at varying degrees in different study groups. Exosomal cytokines and chemokines are likely to have a significant biological role at distant sites including cells in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Sabina Ranjit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Carole McArthur
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Science, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
González MM, Solano MM, Porco TC, Oldenburg CE, Acharya NR, Lin SC, Chan MF. Epidemiology of uveitis in a US population-based study. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29666980 PMCID: PMC5904090 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-018-0148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between self-reported uveitis and purported demographic and clinical risk factors, using an American adult population extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2009 and 2010. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study using a sample of 5106 subjects between 20 and 69 years old. The main outcome for our study was the self-report of a diagnosis of uveitis. The demographic analysis included age, gender, and ethnicity. Potential predictors were having a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), ulcerative colitis (UC), or Crohn’s disease (CD); a history of cigarette smoking; vitamin D deficiency; and different mental health measures. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using RStudio. Results Of the 5106 participants, 27 had reported a diagnosis of uveitis, showing an adjusted prevalence of 5.4 per 1000 subjects (95% CI 3.4–8.5/1000). Increased age was associated with higher uveitis prevalence in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07; p = 0.02). Positive smoking history was reported in 59.2% of patients. Multivariate analysis comparing smoking with the presence of uveitis showed an OR of 3.18 (95% CI 1.59–6.37; p = 0.003), adjusting for age and gender. Moreover, 11.1% of the participants from the uveitis group self-reported a diagnosis of AS and 11.7% informed a diagnosis of UC and 7.1% of CD. The ORs were of 16.64 (95% CI 3.64-76.09; p = 0.001), 11.34 (95% CI 2.69-47.88; p = 0.003), and 22.16 (95% CI 2.64-186.17; p = 0.007), respectively when compared with the non-uveitis group in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions Age, cigarette smoking, AS, UC, and CD are positively associated with self-reported uveitis. There is previous evidence that smoking and female gender are positive risk factors for uveitis, as well as evidence that HLA-B27-positive spondyloarthritides have the highest association with non-infectious uveitis in the adult population in North America and Europe. However, there are no prior studies that have utilized a representative US population-based sample to validate these findings. The present study supports smoking as a risk factor, which has clinical relevance since this is a modifiable habit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mora González
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marissé Masís Solano
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Travis C Porco
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA
| | - Catherine E Oldenburg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Nisha R Acharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA
| | - Shan C Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Matilda F Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, 10 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mulcahy MJ, Lester HA. Granulocytes as models for human protein marker identification following nicotine exposure. J Neurochem 2017; 142 Suppl 2:151-161. [PMID: 28791704 PMCID: PMC6057152 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric cation channels expressed in the mammalian CNS, in the peripheral nervous system, and in skeletal muscle. Neuronal-type nAChRs are also found in several non-neuronal cell types, including leukocytes. Granulocytes are a subtype of leukocytes that include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Granulocytes, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, are characterized by their ability to produce, store, and release compounds from intracellular granules. Granulocytes are the most abundant type of leukocyte circulating in the peripheral blood. Granulocyte abundance, nAChR expression, and nAChR upregulation following chronic nicotine administration makes granulocytes interesting models for identifying protein markers of nicotine exposure. Nicotinic receptor subunits and several non-nAChR proteins have been identified as protein markers of granulocyte nicotine exposure. We review methods to isolate granulocytes from human tissue, summarize present data about the expression of nAChRs in the three granulocyte cell types (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils), describe current knowledge of the effects of nicotine exposure on human granulocyte protein expression, and highlight areas of interest for future investigation. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mulcahy
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Henry A Lester
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee J, Luria A, Rhodes C, Raghu H, Lingampalli N, Sharpe O, Rada B, Sohn DH, Robinson WH, Sokolove J. Nicotine drives neutrophil extracellular traps formation and accelerates collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:644-653. [PMID: 28013195 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to investigate the effects of nicotine on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in current and non-smokers and on a murine model of RA. Methods We compared spontaneous and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NETosis between current and non-smokers by DNA release binding. Nicotine-induced NETosis from non-smokers was assessed by DNA release binding, NET-specific (myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex) ELISA and real-time fluorescence microscopy. We also used immunofluorescent staining to detect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on neutrophils and performed a functional analysis to assess the role of nAChRs in nicotine-induced NETosis. Finally, we investigated the effects of systemic nicotine exposure on arthritis severity and NETosis in the CIA mouse model. Results Neutrophils derived from current smokers displayed elevated levels of spontaneous and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NETosis. Nicotine induced dose-dependent NETosis in ex vivo neutrophils from healthy non-smokers, and co-incubation with ACPA-immune complexes or TNF-α facilitated a synergistic effect on NETosis. Real-time fluorescence microscopy revealed robust formation of NET-like structures in nicotine-exposed neutrophils. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated the presence of the α7 subunit of the nAChR on neutrophils. Stimulation of neutrophils with an α7-specific nAChR agonist induced NETosis, whereas pretreatment with an nAChR antagonist attenuated nicotine-induced NETosis. Nicotine administration to mice with CIA exacerbated inflammatory arthritis, with higher plasma levels of NET-associated MPO-DNA complex. Conclusion We demonstrate that nicotine is a potent inducer of NETosis, which may play an important role in accelerating arthritis in the CIA model. This study generates awareness of and the mechanisms by which nicotine-containing products, including e-cigarettes, may have deleterious effects on patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaejoon Lee
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ayala Luria
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christopher Rhodes
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Harini Raghu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Orr Sharpe
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Balazs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, Korea
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto.,Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hosseinzadeh A, Thompson PR, Segal BH, Urban CF. Nicotine induces neutrophil extracellular traps. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1105-1112. [PMID: 27312847 PMCID: PMC5069087 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ab0815-379rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NETs serve to ensnare and kill microbial pathogens. However, NETs can at the same time contribute to tissue damage and excessive inflammation. Nicotine is a major toxic agent and has been associated with exacerbated inflammatory diseases. The current study aimed at investigating the role of nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco and electronic cigarettes, on triggering NET formation. We report that nicotine induces neutrophils to release NETs in a dose-dependent manner. Nicotine-induced NET formation is mediated via nicotine acetylcholine receptors, depends on Akt and PAD4 activation, but is Nox2-independent, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 and by use of Nox2-deficient mouse neutrophils. These findings demonstrate that nicotine induces NETs, which may in turn contribute to smoking-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Umeå, Sweden (MIMS)
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; and
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Umeå, Sweden (MIMS)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Revathikumar P, Bergqvist F, Gopalakrishnan S, Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ, Lampa J, Le Maître E. Immunomodulatory effects of nicotine on interleukin 1β activated human astrocytes and the role of cyclooxygenase 2 in the underlying mechanism. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:256. [PMID: 27681882 PMCID: PMC5041575 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) primarily functions through acetylcholine (ACh)-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) interaction on macrophages to control peripheral inflammation. Interestingly, ACh can also bind α7nAChRs on microglia resulting in neuroprotective effects. However, ACh effects on astrocytes remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of nicotine, an ACh receptor agonist, on the cytokine and cholinesterase production of immunocompetent human astrocytes stimulated with interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in vitro. In addition, the potential involvement of prostaglandins as mediators of nicotine was studied using cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition. Methods Cultured human fetal astrocytes were stimulated with human recombinant IL-1β and treated simultaneously with nicotine at different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μM). Cell supernatants were collected for cytokine and cholinesterase profiling using ELISA and MesoScale multiplex assay. α7nAChR expression on activated human astrocytes was studied using immunofluorescence. For the COX-2 inhibition studies, enzyme activity was inhibited using NS-398. One-way ANOVA was used to perform statistical analyses. Results Nicotine treatment dose dependently limits the production of critical proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (60.5 ± 3.3, %inhibition), IL-1β (42.4 ± 1.7, %inhibition), and TNF-α (68.9 ± 7.7, %inhibition) by activated human astrocytes. Interestingly, it also inhibits IL-8 chemokine (31.4 ± 8.5, %inhibition), IL-13 (34.243 ± 4.9, %inhibition), and butyrylcholinesterase (20.8 ± 2.8, %inhibition) production at 100 μM. Expression of α7nAChR was detected on the activated human astrocytes. Importantly, nicotine’s inhibitory effect on IL-6 production was reversed with the specific COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Conclusions Activation of the cholinergic system through α7nAChR agonists has been known to suppress inflammation both in the CNS and periphery. In the CNS, earlier experimental data shows that cholinergic activation through nicotine inhibits microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine release. Here, we report similar anti-inflammatory effects of cholinergic activation on human astrocytes, at least partly mediated through the COX-2 pathway. These results confirm the potential for cholinergic neuroprotection, which is looked upon as a promising therapy for neuroinflammation as well as neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Our data implicates an important role for the prostaglandin system in cholinergic regulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Revathikumar
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Filip Bergqvist
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srividya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Lampa
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maître
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nishida Y, Hara M, Sakamoto T, Shinchi K, Kawai S, Naito M, Hamajima N, Kadota A, Suzuki S, Ibusuki R, Hirata A, Yamaguchi M, Kuriyama N, Oze I, Mikami H, Kubo M, Tanaka H. Influence of cigarette smoking and inflammatory gene polymorphisms on glycated hemoglobin in the Japanese general population. Prev Med Rep 2016; 3:288-95. [PMID: 27419029 PMCID: PMC4929182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is closely involved in the development of type 2 diabetes, and cigarette smoking acts as potent inducer of inflammation. We therefore investigated interactions between inflammation-related gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Japanese general population. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study using data collected from 2619 Japanese (1274 males and 1345 females) 40-69 years of age who participated in baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study (2005-2008). Eight polymorphisms in seven genes (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α) were determined using the Invader assay. The interactions of smoking and gene polymorphisms on HbA1c levels were analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression models and analysis of covariance with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Among the eight polymorphisms, only one significant interaction was detected for IL-1β T-31C (P < 0.0001). Among the subjects carrying TT genotype, current heavy smokers (≥ 20 cigarettes/day) had higher HbA1c (5.83 [95% confidence interval 5.67-5.99] %) versus all other smoking status groups (never 5.49 [5.41-5.56] %, former 5.54 [5.43-5.65] %, current moderate [< 20 cigarettes/day] 5.50 [5.30-5.69] %), whereas such differences were not observed in the subjects with C allele. The logistic regression analyses regarding high-normal HbA1c levels showed a similar pattern of results. CONCLUSION Smoking status did not interact with any other inflammation-related polymorphisms except for IL-1β T-31C. Heavy smokers harboring the TT genotype of IL-1β T-31C polymorphism show a greater adverse effect of smoking on HbA1c levels among Japanese middle-aged subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sakamoto
- Tosu Public Health and Welfare Office, Saga Prefectural Government, 1234-1 Moto-machi, Tosu 841-0051, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinchi
- Division of International Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Sayo Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akie Hirata
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maedashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachidori Hirokojiagaru, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Division of Cancer Registry, Prevention and Epidemiology, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nakib I, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Laraba-Djebari F. Involvement of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Receptors in Pathogenesis and Inflammatory Response Induced by Alpha-Neurotoxin Bot III of Scorpion Venom. Inflammation 2016; 39:1670-80. [PMID: 27395044 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bot III neurotoxin is the most lethal α neurotoxin purified from Buthus occitanus tunetanus scorpion venom. This toxin binds to the voltage-gated sodium channel of excitable cells and blocks its inactivation, inducing an increased release of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine and catecholamines). This study aims to elucidate the involvement of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors in pathogenesis and inflammatory response triggered by this toxin. Injection of Bot III to animals induces an increase of peroxidase activities, an imbalance of oxidative status, tissue damages in lung parenchyma, and myocardium correlated with metabolic disorders. The pretreatment with nicotine (nicotinic receptor agonist) or atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) protected the animals from almost all disorders caused by Bot III toxin, especially the immunological alterations. Bisoprolol administration (selective β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist) was also efficient in the protection of animals, mainly on tissue damage. Propranolol (non-selective adrenergic receptor antagonist) showed less effect. These results suggest that both cholinergic and adrenergic receptors are activated in the cardiopulmonary manifestations induced by Bot III. Indeed, the muscarinic receptor appears to be more involved than the nicotinic one, and the β1 adrenergic receptor seems to dominate the β2 receptor. These results showed also that the activation of nicotinic receptor leads to a significant protection of animals against Bot III toxin effect. These findings supply a supplementary data leading to better understanding of the mechanism triggered by scorpionic neurotoxins and suggest the use of drugs targeting these receptors, especially the nicotinic one in order to counteract the inflammatory response observed in scorpion envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imene Nakib
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Marie-France Martin-Eauclaire
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7290 CRN2M, IFR Jean-Roche, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13916, Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nicotinic receptor involvement in regulation of functions of mouse neutrophils from inflammatory site. Immunobiology 2016; 221:761-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
35
|
Higham A, Rattray NJW, Dewhurst JA, Trivedi DK, Fowler SJ, Goodacre R, Singh D. Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. Respir Res 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 27184092 PMCID: PMC4869345 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing and there is widespread perception that e-cigs are safe. E-cigs contain harmful chemicals; more research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. Our aim was to investigate the effects of e-cigs on the inflammatory response of human neutrophils. Methods Neutrophils were exposed to e-cig vapour extract (ECVE) and the expression of CD11b and CD66b was measured by flow cytometry and MMP-9 and CXCL8 by ELISA. We also measured the activity of neutrophil elastase (NE) and MMP-9, along with the activation of inflammatory signalling pathways. Finally we analysed the biochemical composition of ECVE by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results ECVE caused an increase in the expression of CD11b and CD66b, and increased the release of MMP-9 and CXCL8. Furthermore, there was an increase in NE and MMP-9 activity and an increase in p38 MAPK activation. We also identified several harmful chemicals in ECVE, including known carcinogens. Conclusions ECVE causes a pro-inflammatory response from human neutrophils. This raises concerns over the safety of e-cig use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dewhurst
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Drupad K Trivedi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Manchester Academic Health and Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Centre for Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tilp C, Bucher H, Haas H, Duechs MJ, Wex E, Erb KJ. Effects of conventional tobacco smoke and nicotine-free cigarette smoke on airway inflammation, airway remodelling and lung function in a triple allergen model of severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:957-72. [PMID: 26502779 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with asthma who smoke have reduced lung function, increased exacerbation rates and increased steroid resistance compared to non-smoking asthmatics. In mice, cigarette smoke has been reported to have both pro- and anti-Th2 response effects. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that combining tobacco cigarette smoke (tCS) with allergen exposure increases inflammation, airway remodelling and lung function in mice. To test this hypothesis, we combined a severe triple allergen model with tCS exposure and investigated whether effects were due to Toll-like receptor 4 signalling and/or nicotine and also observed when nicotine-free cigarettes were used. METHODS Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin, cockroach and house dust mite allergen in alum followed by intratracheal challenges with allergen twice a week for 6 weeks or additionally exposed to tCS during the allergen challenge period. Nicotine or nicotine-free herbal cigarette smoke was also applied to allergen challenged mice. RESULTS tCS significantly reduced eosinophil numbers, IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations in the lung, total and allergen-specific IgE in serum, improved lung function and reduced collagen I levels. With the exception of collagen I all parameters reduced by tobacco cigarette smoke were also reduced in Toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice. Nicotine-free cigarette smoke also had significant anti-inflammatory effects on eosinophils, IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations in the lung and reduced airway hyperreactivity, albeit weaker than tobacco smoke. Applying nicotine alone also reduced Th2 cytokine levels and eosinophil numbers in the airways. CONCLUSION Our experiments show that tCS exposure reduces allergen-induced Th2 response in the lung and associated collagen I production and development of airway hyperreactivity. With the exception on collagen I formation, these effects were not dependent on Toll-like receptor 4. The observed anti-Th2 effects of both nicotine and nicotine-free herbal cigarette smoke together suggests that tCS reduces the Th2 responses through nicotine and other products released by burning tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tilp
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - H Bucher
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - H Haas
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - M J Duechs
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - E Wex
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| | - K J Erb
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Prueitt RL, Wallace TA, Glynn SA, Yi M, Tang W, Luo J, Dorsey TH, Stagliano KE, Gillespie JW, Hudson RS, Terunuma A, Shoe JL, Haines DC, Yfantis HG, Han M, Martin DN, Jordan SV, Borin JF, Naslund MJ, Alexander RB, Stephens RM, Loffredo CA, Lee DH, Putluri N, Sreekumar A, Hurwitz AA, Ambs S. An Immune-Inflammation Gene Expression Signature in Prostate Tumors of Smokers. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1055-1065. [PMID: 26719530 PMCID: PMC4775384 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smokers develop metastatic prostate cancer more frequently than nonsmokers, suggesting that a tobacco-derived factor is driving metastatic progression. To identify smoking-induced alterations in human prostate cancer, we analyzed gene and protein expression patterns in tumors collected from current, past, and never smokers. By this route, we elucidated a distinct pattern of molecular alterations characterized by an immune and inflammation signature in tumors from current smokers that were either attenuated or absent in past and never smokers. Specifically, this signature included elevated immunoglobulin expression by tumor-infiltrating B cells, NF-κB activation, and increased chemokine expression. In an alternate approach to characterize smoking-induced oncogenic alterations, we also explored the effects of nicotine in human prostate cancer cells and prostate cancer-prone TRAMP mice. These investigations showed that nicotine increased glutamine consumption and invasiveness of cancer cells in vitro and accelerated metastatic progression in tumor-bearing TRAMP mice. Overall, our findings suggest that nicotine is sufficient to induce a phenotype resembling the epidemiology of smoking-associated prostate cancer progression, illuminating a novel candidate driver underlying metastatic prostate cancer in current smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L. Prueitt
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Wallace
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming Yi
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research/NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany H. Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John W. Gillespie
- Laboratory of Pathology and Urologic Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert S. Hudson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Terunuma
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Diana C. Haines
- Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Harris G. Yfantis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Misop Han
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Damali N. Martin
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Symone V. Jordan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James F. Borin
- Urology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Robert M. Stephens
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research/NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A. Loffredo
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dong H. Lee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arthur A. Hurwitz
- Laboratory of Pathology and Urologic Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mehari A, Hines C, Gillum RF. Smokeless tobacco use and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in men in a national survey. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 116:302-5. [PMID: 26896883 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is an important risk for asthma and increases asthma severity. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is used as a noninvasive biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Substantial numbers of men use smokeless tobacco. The effect of use of smokeless tobacco on FeNO is not known. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between use of smokeless tobacco and FeNO among US men. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012 was analyzed to assess association of use of smokeless tobacco and FeNO levels in parts per billion in US men. Participants were categorized by smoking status and use of snuff or chewing tobacco in the previous 5 days. FeNO was measured using a device that relies on an electrochemical sensor. RESULTS In 3,791 male nonsmokers without asthma, weighted mean natural logarithm FeNO by exposure to smokeless tobacco was 2.81 (geometric mean FeNO, 16.59 ppb; 95% CI, 2.77-2.85) in unexposed and 2.66 (geometric mean, 14.30 ppb; 95% CI, 2.55-2.77) in the exposed. In weighted linear regression analyses, use of smokeless tobacco was associated with significantly lower natural logarithm FeNO after controlling for age and race (black vs nonblack) (coefficient, -0.124; SE, 0.056; P = .03; 95% CI, -0.237 to -0.011). Results were unchanged after additionally controlling for recent nitric oxide-rich vegetable consumption and upper respiratory tract infection (coefficient, -0.118; SE, 0.055; P = .04; 95% CI, -0.228 to -0.007). CONCLUSIONS Use of smokeless tobacco was associated with lower mean natural logarithm FeNO levels in nonsmokers with no history of asthma. Interpretation of FeNO should consider all forms of tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alem Mehari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.
| | - Chad Hines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - R F Gillum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Effect of α7n-Acetylcholine Receptor Activation and Antibodies to TNF-α on Mortality of Mice and Concentration of Proinflammatory Cytokines During Early Stage of Sepsis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:740-2. [PMID: 26525714 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on random-bred albino mice showed that activation α7n-acetylcholine receptors with anabasine (0.5 LD50) and the use of antibodies to TNF-α (1 mg/kg) 2 h before sepsis modeling significantly reduces mortality of mice from experimental sepsis (intraperitoneal injection of E. coli) due to a decrease in the blood concentration of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. After combined administration of anti-TNF-α antibodies and anabasine, an additive effect was observed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Smoking and the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Absolute Neutrophil Count in the Investigations Préventives et Cliniques Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:1039-49. [PMID: 26461856 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depressive symptoms have been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, including elevated neutrophil count. Smokers often have both high neutrophil count and depressive symptoms. Thus, smoking could explain the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and neutrophil count. METHODS Total white blood cell count and subtypes, including absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil counts, were measured in 44,806 participants (28,534 men; mean [standard deviation] age = 38.9 [11.4] years), without a history of chronic disease or current medication. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Questionnaire of Depression, Second Version, Abridged. Smoking status was self-reported and categorized in five classes. Sex, age, alcohol intake, self-rated health, body mass index, glycemia, physical activity, household composition, occupational status, and education were included as covariates. Associations were examined with general linear models and causal mediation analyses. RESULTS After adjustment for all covariates except smoking, depressive symptoms were positively associated with neutrophil count only (β = 5.83, standard error [SE] = 2.41, p = .014). After further adjustment for a semiquantitative measure of smoking, this association was no longer significant (β = 2.40, SE = 2.36, p = .30). Causal mediation analyses revealed that smoking mediated the association (p < .001), accounting for 57% of its total variance. In contrast, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with lymphocyte count in fully adjusted model only (β = -3.21, SE = 1.11, p = .004). CONCLUSIONS Smoking may confound or mediate the association between depressive symptoms and neutrophil count. These results advocate for including an accurate measure of smoking in future studies addressing this association. When considering the link between depression and inflammation, one should not overlook the noxious effects of smoking.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hasselbalch HC. Smoking as a contributing factor for development of polycythemia vera and related neoplasms. Leuk Res 2015; 39:S0145-2126(15)30373-8. [PMID: 26463040 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking may be associated with accelerated erythropoiesis, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis, which are also hallmarks in patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and early stages of myelofibrosis (MPNs). The JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways are activated in both smokers and in patients with MPNs. Additionally, both share elevated levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, in vivo activation of leukocytes and platelets, endothelial dysfunction and increased systemic oxidative stress. Based upon experimental, epidemiological and clinical data it is herein argued and discussed, if smoking may be involved in MPN pathogenesis, considering most recent studies and reviews which are supportive of the concept that chronic inflammation with NF-κB activation and oxidative stress may have a major role - both as triggers but also as the driving force for clonal expansion in MPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Koegevej 7-13, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ko HK, Lee HF, Lin AH, Liu MH, Liu CI, Lee TS, Kou YR. Regulation of Cigarette Smoke Induction of IL-8 in Macrophages by AMP-activated Protein Kinase Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1781-93. [PMID: 25503516 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled cigarette smoke (CS) causes persistent lung inflammation in smokers. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) released from macrophages is a key chemokine during initiation and progression of CS-induced lung inflammation, yet its regulation is largely unknown. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial energy homeostasis regulator, may modulate inflammation. Here we report that CS extract (CSE) increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating AMPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and NF-κB, as well as inducing IL-8, in human macrophages. N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-κB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important. Prevention of AMPK activation by compound C or AMPK siRNA reduced CSE-induced IL-8 production, confirming the role of AMPK. Compound C or AMPK siRNA also inhibited the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB by CSE, which suggests that these molecules are downstream of AMPK. Additionally, exposure of human macrophages to nicotine activated AMPK and induced IL-8 and that these effects were lessened by hexamethonium or compound C, implying that nicotine in CS may be causative. Furthermore, chronic CS exposure in mice promoted AMPK phosphorylation and expression of MIP-2 (an IL-8 homolog) in infiltrated macrophages and in lung tissues, as well as induced lung inflammation, all of which were reduced by compound C treatment. Thus, we identified a novel nAChRs-dependent, ROS-sensitive, AMPK/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway, which seems to be important to CS-induced macrophage IL-8 production and possibly to lung inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Kuo Ko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Acetylcholine Protects against Candida albicans Infection by Inhibiting Biofilm Formation and Promoting Hemocyte Function in a Galleria mellonella Infection Model. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2015; 14:834-44. [PMID: 26092919 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00067-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Both neuronal acetylcholine and nonneuronal acetylcholine have been demonstrated to modulate inflammatory responses. Studies investigating the role of acetylcholine in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections have revealed contradictory findings with regard to disease outcome. At present, the role of acetylcholine in the pathogenesis of fungal infections is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether acetylcholine plays a role in fungal biofilm formation and the pathogenesis of Candida albicans infection. The effect of acetylcholine on C. albicans biofilm formation and metabolism in vitro was assessed using a crystal violet assay and phenotypic microarray analysis. Its effect on the outcome of a C. albicans infection, fungal burden, and biofilm formation were investigated in vivo using a Galleria mellonella infection model. In addition, its effect on modulation of host immunity to C. albicans infection was also determined in vivo using hemocyte counts, cytospin analysis, larval histology, lysozyme assays, hemolytic assays, and real-time PCR. Acetylcholine was shown to have the ability to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, acetylcholine protected G. mellonella larvae from C. albicans infection mortality. The in vivo protection occurred through acetylcholine enhancing the function of hemocytes while at the same time inhibiting C. albicans biofilm formation. Furthermore, acetylcholine also inhibited inflammation-induced damage to internal organs. This is the first demonstration of a role for acetylcholine in protection against fungal infections, in addition to being the first report that this molecule can inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation. Therefore, acetylcholine has the capacity to modulate complex host-fungal interactions and plays a role in dictating the pathogenesis of fungal infections.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yuen BG, Tham VM, Browne EN, Weinrib R, Borkar DS, Parker JV, Uchida A, Vinoya AC, Acharya NR. Association between Smoking and Uveitis: Results from the Pacific Ocular Inflammation Study. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:1257-61. [PMID: 25835263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether cigarette smoking is associated with the development of uveitis in a population-based setting. DESIGN Retrospective, population-based, case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged ≥ 18 years who were seen at a Kaiser Permanente Hawaii clinic between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007. Analysis included 100 confirmed incident uveitis cases, 522 randomly selected controls from the general Kaiser Hawaii population, and 528 randomly selected controls from the Kaiser Hawaii ophthalmology clinic. METHODS International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9), diagnosis codes were used to identify possible uveitis cases. A uveitis fellowship-trained ophthalmologist then conducted individual chart review to confirm case status. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between smoking and uveitis, adjusting for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Development of uveitis. RESULTS Current smokers had a 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-3.00; P = 0.12) and 2.33 (95% CI, 1.22-4.45; P = 0.01) times greater odds of developing uveitis compared with those who never smoked using the general and ophthalmology control groups, respectively. The association was even stronger with noninfectious uveitis, which yielded odds ratios of 2.10 (95% CI, 1.10-3.99; P = 0.02) and 2.96 (95% CI, 1.52-5.77; P = 0.001) using the general and ophthalmology control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking is significantly associated with new-onset uveitis within a population-based setting. The association was stronger for noninfectious uveitis. Given the well-established risks of smoking with regard to other inflammatory disorders, these results reaffirm the importance of encouraging patients to avoid or cease smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenton G Yuen
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Vivien M Tham
- University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii; Department of Ophthalmology, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Pacific Vision Institute of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Erica N Browne
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rachel Weinrib
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Durga S Borkar
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John V Parker
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Aileen Uchida
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Aleli C Vinoya
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Nisha R Acharya
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moreno Velásquez I, Ärnlöv J, Leander K, Lind L, Gigante B, Carlsson AC. Interleukin-8 is associated with increased total mortality in women but not in men-findings from a community-based cohort of elderly. Ann Med 2015; 47:28-33. [PMID: 25302539 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.962596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the association among circulating IL-8 and total mortality in a cohort of elderly, and to explore potential sex differences in the observed association. METHODS The Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) is a cohort of 70-year-old men and women living in Uppsala, Sweden; baseline period: 2001-2004. IL-8 serum measurements were performed in 1003 participants. RESULTS In total, 61 men and 40 women died during follow-up (median 7.9 years). Baseline IL-8 concentrations were higher in women than in men (P = 0.03). In a multivariable model adjusting for age, established cardiovascular risk factors, and C-reactive protein, log-transformed standard deviation increments in IL-8 levels were weakly associated with an increased risk for total mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.23, P < 0.05) in the whole cohort. Stratified analysis revealed an association in women (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06-1.30, P < 0.01) but not in men (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.76-1.26). CONCLUSIONS A weak association between IL-8 serum levels and an increased risk for mortality was observed. The prospective data support the role of IL-8 as a biomarker of interest; yet, further studies are warranted to elucidate validity of our finding and the possibility of a sex difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jenifer HD, Bhola S, Kalburgi V, Warad S, Kokatnur VM. The influence of cigarette smoking on blood and salivary super oxide dismutase enzyme levels among smokers and nonsmokers-A cross sectional study. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:100-5. [PMID: 26151019 PMCID: PMC4488049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the influence of smoking on blood and salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme levels among smokers, and to demonstrate the significant alterations in the levels of superoxide dismutase in association with patient age, periodontal disease status, smoking duration, and smoking frequency. This study also aimed to evaluate the use of saliva as a biological fluid for disease diagnosis. Ninety males aged 25–56 years were selected and included 30 smokers, 30 nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis, and 30 healthy controls. Clinical parameters such as the gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Blood and saliva samples were collected and superoxide dismutase enzyme levels were analyzed using spectrophotometric assay. Superoxide dismutase enzyme levels in the blood and saliva were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers and the controls (p < 0.05). A significant correlation existed between superoxide dismutase levels and clinical parameters. There was also a significant positive correlation between blood and salivary superoxide dismutase levels among the three groups. Systemic and local antioxidant status is affected by periodontal disease and by the impact of smoking. The increased blood and salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme levels in smokers may be an adaptive defense mechanism to counteract the increased reactive oxygen species production induced by smoking. This study emphasizes the importance of saliva as an easy noninvasive tool in diagnosing patients who are more prone to precancerous lesions and conditions, and its importance in patient education and motivation programs for smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haziel Diana Jenifer
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental college and hospital, Yenepoya Unversity, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Sarthak Bhola
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sukhmani Dental college and hospital, Derabassi, Punjab, India
| | - Veena Kalburgi
- P.M. Nadagouda Memorial Dental college, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivaraj Warad
- P.M. Nadagouda Memorial Dental college, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijayalaxmi M Kokatnur
- Department of Periodontics, P.M. Nadagouda Memorial dental college, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Marini S, Buonanno G, Stabile L, Ficco G. Short-term effects of electronic and tobacco cigarettes on exhaled nitric oxide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 278:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
48
|
Yanai M, Rocha MA, Matolek AZ, Chintalacharuvu A, Taira Y, Chintalacharuvu K, Beenhouwer DO. Separately or combined, LukG/LukH is functionally unique compared to other staphylococcal bicomponent leukotoxins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89308. [PMID: 24586678 PMCID: PMC3930693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that elaborates several exotoxins. Among these are the bicomponent leukotoxins (BCLs), which include γ-hemolysin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and LukDE. The toxin components are classified as either F or S proteins, which are secreted individually and assemble on cell surfaces to form hetero-oligomeric pores resulting in lysis of PMNs and/or erythrocytes. F and S proteins of γ-hemolysin, PVL and LukDE have ∼ 70% sequence homology within the same class and several heterologous combinations of F and S members from these three bicomponent toxin groups are functional. Recently, an additional BCL pair, LukGH (also called LukAB) that has only 30% homology to γ-hemolysin, PVL and LukDE, has been characterized from S. aureus. Our results showed that LukGH was more cytotoxic to human PMNs than PVL. However, LukGH-induced calcium ion influx in PMNs was markedly attenuated and slower than that induced by PVL and other staphylococcal BCLs. In contrast to other heterologous BCL combinations, LukG in combination with heterologous S components, and LukH in combination with heterologous F components did not induce calcium ion entry or cell lysis in human PMNs or rabbit erythrocytes. Like PVL, LukGH induced IL-8 production by PMNs. While individual components LukG and LukH had no cytolytic or calcium influx activity, they each induced high levels of IL-8 transcription and secretion. IL-8 production induced by LukG or LukH was dependent on NF-κB. Therefore, our results indicate LukGH differs functionally from other staphylococcal BCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Machi Yanai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Emergency and Critical Care, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miguel A. Rocha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony Z. Matolek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Archana Chintalacharuvu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiko Taira
- Emergency and Critical Care, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koteswara Chintalacharuvu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David O. Beenhouwer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou Z, Li B, Dong Z, Liu F, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Shang F, Wu L, Wang X, Jin Y. Nicotine deteriorates the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulating Wnt pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83102. [PMID: 24376645 PMCID: PMC3869757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Cigarette smoking is one of the high risk factors of adult chronic periodontitis and nicotine is the well established toxic substance in cigarette. However, the mechanism of nicotine induced periodontitis is still unknown. Here we studied whether nicotine impaired the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) through activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). Methods hPDLSCs with multi differentiation potential and surface makers for mesenchymal stem cells were harvested by limiting dilution technique. The level of mineralized nodule formation was assessed by alizarin red S staining. Expression level of ostegenic related genes and proteins were detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The expression of α7 nAChR and its downstream signaling pathway were examined by western blot. The role of the receptor and related signaling pathway in nicotine impairing the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs were also studied in different levels. Results Nicotine deteriorated the ostegenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in a dose dependent manner. Activation of α7 nAChR by nicotine treatment activated wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, leading to osteogenic deficiency of hPDLSCs. Blockage of α7 nAChR and wnt pathway inhibitor treatment rescued nicotine induced osteogenic differentiation deficiency. Conclusions These data suggested that nicotine activated α7 nAChR expressed on PDLSCs and further activated wnt signaling downstream, thus deteriorating the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs. The impairment of osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by nicotine might lead to cigarette smoking related periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengqing Shang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lizheng Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (XW)
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (XW)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gras D, Chanez P, Vachier I, Petit A, Bourdin A. Bronchial epithelium as a target for innovative treatments in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:290-305. [PMID: 23880290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence of a critical role played by the bronchial epithelium in airway homeostasis is opening new therapeutic avenues. Its unique situation at the interface with the environment suggests that the subtle regulation orchestrated by the epithelium between tolerance and specific immune response might be impaired in asthma. Airway mucus is acting as a physical and a biological fluid between the environment and the epithelium, synergistically moved by the cilia. In asthma, excessive mucus production is a hallmark of airway remodeling. Since many years we tried to therapeutically target mucus hypersecretion, but actually this option is still not achieved. The present review discusses the dynamic processes regulating airway mucus production. Airway inflammation is central in current asthma management. Understanding of how the airway epithelium influences the TH2 paradigm in response to deleterious agents is improving. The multiple receptors expressed by the airway epithelium are the transducers of the biological signals induced by various invasive agents to develop the most adapted response. Airway remodeling is observed in severe chronic airway diseases and may result from ongoing disturbance of signal transduction and epithelial renewal. Chronic airway diseases such as asthma will require assessment of these epithelial abnormalities to identify phenotypic characteristics associated with predicting a clinical benefit for epithelial-directed therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gras
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|