1
|
Koska J, Hansen S, Hu Y, Jensen MC, Billheimer D, Nedelkov D, Budoff MJ, Allison M, McClelland RL, Reaven PD. Relationship of apolipoprotein C-III proteoform composition with ankle-brachial index and peripheral artery disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117584. [PMID: 38823352 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) proteoform composition shows distinct relationships with plasma lipids and cardiovascular risk. The present study tested whether apoC-III proteoforms are associated with risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS ApoC-III proteoforms, i.e., native (C-III0a), and glycosylated with zero (C-III0b), one (C-III1) or two (C-III2) sialic acids, were measured by mass spectrometry immunoassay on 5,734 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants who were subsequently followed for clinical PAD over 17 years. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was also assessed at baseline and then 3 and 10 years later in 4,830 participants. RESULTS Higher baseline C-III0b/C-III1 and lower baseline C-III2/C-III1 were associated with slower decline in ABI (follow-up adjusted for baseline) over time, independently of cardiometabolic risk factors, and plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels (estimated difference per 1 SD was 0.31 % for both, p < 0.01). The associations between C-III2/C-III1 and changes in ABI were stronger in men (-1.21 % vs. -0.27 % in women), and in Black and Chinese participants (-0.83 % and -0.86 % vs. 0.12 % in White). Higher C-III0b/C-III1 was associated with a trend for lower risk of PAD (HR = 0.84 [95%CI: 0.67-1.04]) that became stronger after excluding participants on lipid-lowering medications (0.73 [95%CI: 0.57-0.94]). Neither change in ABI nor clinical PAD was related to total apoC-III levels. CONCLUSIONS We found associations of apoC-III proteoform composition with changes in ABI that were independent of other risk factors, including plasma lipids. Our data further support unique properties of apoC-III proteoforms in modulating vascular health that go beyond total apoC-III levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Koska
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Rd CS111E, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA.
| | - Spencer Hansen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th St. Bldg. 29 Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Yueming Hu
- Isoformix Inc., 202 Industrial Blvd Suite 404, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Majken C Jensen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Dobrin Nedelkov
- Isoformix Inc., 202 Industrial Blvd Suite 404, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1124 W Carson St., Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robyn L McClelland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th St. Bldg. 29 Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Rd CS111E, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naber A, Demus D, Slieker RC, Nicolardi S, Beulens JWJ, Elders PJM, Lieverse AG, Sijbrands EJG, ‘t Hart LM, Wuhrer M, van Hoek M. Apolipoprotein-CIII O-Glycosylation Is Associated with Micro- and Macrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5365. [PMID: 38791405 PMCID: PMC11121677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein-CIII (apo-CIII) inhibits the clearance of triglycerides from circulation and is associated with an increased risk of diabetes complications. It exists in four main proteoforms: O-glycosylated variants containing either zero, one, or two sialic acids and a non-glycosylated variant. O-glycosylation may affect the metabolic functions of apo-CIII. We investigated the associations of apo-CIII glycosylation in blood plasma, measured by mass spectrometry of the intact protein, and genetic variants with micro- and macrovascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease) of type 2 diabetes in a DiaGene study (n = 1571) and the Hoorn DCS cohort (n = 5409). Mono-sialylated apolipoprotein-CIII (apo-CIII1) was associated with a reduced risk of retinopathy (β = -7.215, 95% CI -11.137 to -3.294) whereas disialylated apolipoprotein-CIII (apo-CIII2) was associated with an increased risk (β = 5.309, 95% CI 2.279 to 8.339). A variant of the GALNT2-gene (rs4846913), previously linked to lower apo-CIII0a, was associated with a decreased prevalence of retinopathy (OR = 0.739, 95% CI 0.575 to 0.951). Higher apo-CIII1 levels were associated with neuropathy (β = 7.706, 95% CI 2.317 to 13.095) and lower apo-CIII0a with macrovascular complications (β = -9.195, 95% CI -15.847 to -2.543). In conclusion, apo-CIII glycosylation was associated with the prevalence of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Moreover, a variant in the GALNT2-gene was associated with apo-CIII glycosylation and retinopathy, suggesting a causal effect. The findings facilitate a molecular understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes complications and warrant consideration of apo-CIII glycosylation as a potential target in the prevention of diabetes complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Naber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.N.)
| | - Daniel Demus
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands (M.W.)
| | - Roderick C. Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands (M.W.)
| | - Joline W. J. Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J. M. Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aloysius G. Lieverse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Center, P.O. Box 90052, 5600 PD Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J. G. Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.N.)
| | - Leen M. ‘t Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands (M.W.)
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sinari S, Koska J, Hu Y, Furtado J, Jensen MK, Budoff MJ, Nedelkov D, McClelland RL, Billheimer D, Reaven P. Apo CIII Proteoforms, Plasma Lipids, and Cardiovascular Risk in MESA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1560-1571. [PMID: 37317850 PMCID: PMC10516344 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apo CIII (apolipoprotein CIII) is an important regulator of triglyceride metabolism and was associated with cardiovascular risk in several cohorts. It is present in 4 major proteoforms, a native peptide (CIII0a), and glycosylated proteoforms with zero (CIII0b), 1 (CIII1, most abundant), or 2 (CIII2) sialic acids, which may differentially modify lipoprotein metabolism. We studied the relationships of these proteoforms with plasma lipids and cardiovascular risk. METHODS Apo CIII proteoforms were measured by mass spectrometry immunoassay in baseline plasma samples of 5791 participants of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, an observational community-based cohort. Standard plasma lipids were collected for up to 16 years and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or stroke) were adjudicated for up to 17 years. RESULTS Apo CIII proteoform composition differed by age, sex, race and ethnicity, body mass index, and fasting glucose. Notably, CIII1 was lower in older participants, men and Black and Chinese (versus White) participants, and higher in obesity and diabetes. In contrast, CIII2 was higher in older participants, men, Black, and Chinese persons, and lower in Hispanic individuals and obesity. Higher CIII2 to CIII1 ratio (CIII2/III1) was associated with lower triglycerides and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein) in cross-sectional and longitudinal models, independently of clinical and demographic risk factors and total apo CIII. The associations of CIII0a/III1 and CIII0b/III1 with plasma lipids were weaker and varied through cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Total apo CIII and CIII2/III1 were positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk (n=669 events, hazard ratios, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04-1.25] and 1.21 [1.11-1.31], respectively); however, the associations were attenuated after adjustment for clinical and demographic characteristics (1.07 [0.98-1.16]; 1.07 [0.97-1.17]). In contrast, CIII0b/III1 was inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk even after full adjustment including plasma lipids (0.86 [0.79-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate differences in clinical and demographic relationships of apo CIII proteoforms, and highlight the importance of apo CIII proteoform composition in predicting future lipid patterns and cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shripad Sinari
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Jeremy Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Torrance, CA
| | | | | | - Dean Billheimer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Peter Reaven
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romo EZ, Zivkovic AM. Glycosylation of HDL-Associated Proteins and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis, Metabolism and Function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:928566. [PMID: 35694676 PMCID: PMC9184513 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.928566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, long known for their critical role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), were recently identified to carry a wide array of glycosylated proteins, and the importance of this glycosylation in the structure, function and metabolism of HDL are starting to emerge. Early studies have demonstrated differential glycosylation of HDL-associated proteins in various pathological states, which may be key to understanding their etiological role in these diseases and may be important for diagnostic development. Given the vast array and specificity of glycosylation pathways, the study of HDL-associated glycosylation has the potential to uncover novel mechanisms and biomarkers of CVD. To date, no large studies examining the relationships between HDL glycosylation profiles and cardiovascular outcomes have been performed. However, small pilot studies provide promising preliminary evidence that such a relationship may exist. In this review article we discuss the current state of the evidence on the glycosylation of HDL-associated proteins, the potential for HDL glycosylation profiling in CVD diagnostics, how glycosylation affects HDL function, and the potential for modifying the glycosylation of HDL-associated proteins to confer therapeutic value.
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos Seckler HD, Park HM, Lloyd-Jones CM, Melani RD, Camarillo JM, Wilkins JT, Compton PD, Kelleher NL. New Interface for Faster Proteoform Analysis: Immunoprecipitation Coupled with SampleStream-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1659-1670. [PMID: 34043341 PMCID: PMC8530194 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different proteoform products of the same gene can exhibit differing associations with health and disease, and their patterns of modifications may offer more precise markers of phenotypic differences between individuals. However, currently employed protein-biomarker discovery and quantification tools, such as bottom-up proteomics and ELISAs, are mostly proteoform-unaware. Moreover, the current throughput for proteoform-level analyses by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) for quantitative top-down proteomics is incompatible with population-level biomarker surveys requiring robust, faster proteoform analysis. To this end, we developed immunoprecipitation coupled to SampleStream mass spectrometry (IP-SampleStream-MS) as a high-throughput, automated technique for the targeted quantification of proteoforms. We applied IP-SampleStream-MS to serum samples of 25 individuals to assess the proteoform abundances of apolipoproteins A-I (ApoA-I) and C-III (ApoC-III). The results for ApoA-I were compared to those of LCMS for these individuals, with IP-SampleStream-MS showing a >7-fold higher throughput with >50% better analytical variation. Proteoform abundances measured by IP-SampleStream-MS correlated strongly to LCMS-based values (R2 = 0.6-0.9) and produced convergent proteoform-to-phenotype associations, namely, the abundance of canonical ApoA-I was associated with lower HDL-C (R = 0.5) and glycated ApoA-I with higher fasting glucose (R = 0.6). We also observed proteoform-to-phenotype associations for ApoC-III, 22 glycoproteoforms of which were characterized in this study. The abundance of ApoC-III modified by a single N-acetyl hexosamine (HexNAc) was associated with indices of obesity, such as BMI, weight, and waist circumference (R ∼ 0.7). These data show IP-SampleStream-MS to be a robust, scalable workflow for high-throughput associations of proteoforms to phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Dos Santos Seckler
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hae-Min Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Cameron M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rafael D Melani
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeannie M Camarillo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John T Wilkins
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Philip D Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Integrated Protein Technologies, Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60646, United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Demus D, Naber A, Dotz V, Jansen BC, Bladergroen MR, Nouta J, Sijbrands EJG, Van Hoek M, Nicolardi S, Wuhrer M. Large-Scale Analysis of Apolipoprotein CIII Glycosylation by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Front Chem 2021; 9:678883. [PMID: 34026735 PMCID: PMC8138127 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.678883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein-CIII (apo-CIII) is a glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism and its levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Apo-CIII sialylation is associated with improved plasma triglyceride levels and its glycosylation may have an effect on the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by directing these particles to different metabolic pathways. Large-scale sample cohort studies are required to fully elucidate the role of apo-CIII glycosylation in lipid metabolism and associated cardiovascular disease. In this study, we revisited a high-throughput workflow for the analysis of intact apo-CIII by ultrahigh-resolution MALDI FT-ICR MS. The workflow includes a chemical oxidation step to reduce methionine oxidation heterogeneity and spectrum complexity. Sinapinic acid matrix was used to minimize the loss of sialic acids upon MALDI. MassyTools software was used to standardize and automate MS data processing and quality control. This method was applied on 771 plasma samples from individuals without diabetes allowing for an evaluation of the expression levels of apo-CIII glycoforms against a panel of lipid biomarkers demonstrating the validity of the method. Our study supports the hypothesis that triglyceride clearance may be regulated, or at least strongly influenced by apo-CIII sialylation. Interestingly, the association of apo-CIII glycoforms with triglyceride levels was found to be largely independent of body mass index. Due to its precision and throughput, the new workflow will allow studying the role of apo-CIII in the regulation of lipid metabolism in various disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Demus
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands.,Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke Naber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bas C Jansen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands.,Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Marco R Bladergroen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mandy Van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silbernagel G, Scharnagl H, Kleber ME, Hoffmann MM, Delgado GE, Stojakovic T, Gary T, Zeng L, Ritsch A, Zewinger S, Speer T, Schunkert H, Landmesser U, März W, Grammer TB. J-shaped association between circulating apoC-III and cardiovascular mortality. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:e68-e71. [PMID: 33609030 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) e.V., Partner Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael M Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Gary
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephen Zewinger
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology and Hypertension), University of Homburg, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology and Hypertension), University of Homburg, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) e.V., Partner Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine 5 (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Germany GmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tanja B Grammer
- Mannheimer Institute for Public Health, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valladolid-Acebes I, Berggren PO, Juntti-Berggren L. Apolipoprotein CIII Is an Important Piece in the Type-1 Diabetes Jigsaw Puzzle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020932. [PMID: 33477763 PMCID: PMC7832341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, but also the autoimmune form, type-1 diabetes (T1D), is affecting more people. The latest estimation from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) is that 1.1 million children and adolescents below 20 years of age have T1D. At present, we have no primary, secondary or tertiary prevention or treatment available, although many efforts testing different strategies have been made. This review is based on the findings that apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is increased in T1D and that in vitro studies revealed that healthy β-cells exposed to apoCIII became apoptotic, together with the observation that humans with higher levels of the apolipoprotein, due to mutations in the gene, are more susceptible to developing T1D. We have summarized what is known about apoCIII in relation to inflammation and autoimmunity in in vitro and in vivo studies of T1D. The aim is to highlight the need for exploring this field as we still are only seeing the top of the iceberg.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kegulian NC, Ramms B, Horton S, Trenchevska O, Nedelkov D, Graham MJ, Lee RG, Esko JD, Yassine HN, Gordts PLSM. ApoC-III Glycoforms Are Differentially Cleared by Hepatic TRL (Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein) Receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2145-2156. [PMID: 31390883 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ApoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III) glycosylation can predict cardiovascular disease risk. Higher abundance of disialylated (apoC-III2) over monosialylated (apoC-III1) glycoforms is associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels. Yet, it remains unclear whether apoC-III glycosylation impacts TRL (triglyceride-rich lipoprotein) clearance and whether apoC-III antisense therapy (volanesorsen) affects distribution of apoC-III glycoforms. Approach and Results: To measure the abundance of human apoC-III glycoforms in plasma over time, human TRLs were injected into wild-type mice and mice lacking hepatic TRL clearance receptors, namely HSPGs (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) or both LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) and LRP1 (LDLR-related protein 1). ApoC-III was more rapidly cleared in the absence of HSPG (t1/2=25.4 minutes) than in wild-type animals (t1/2=55.1 minutes). In contrast, deficiency of LDLR and LRP1 (t1/2=56.1 minutes) did not affect clearance of apoC-III. After injection, a significant increase in the relative abundance of apoC-III2 was observed in HSPG-deficient mice, whereas the opposite was observed in mice lacking LDLR and LRP1. In patients, abundance of plasma apoC-III glycoforms was assessed after placebo or volanesorsen administration. Volanesorsen treatment correlated with a statistically significant 1.4-fold increase in the relative abundance of apoC-III2 and a 15% decrease in that of apoC-III1. The decrease in relative apoC-III1 abundance was strongly correlated with decreased plasma triglyceride levels in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HSPGs preferentially clear apoC-III2. In contrast, apoC-III1 is more effectively cleared by LDLR/LRP1. Clinically, the increase in the apoC-III2/apoC-III1 ratio on antisense lowering of apoC-III might reflect faster clearance of apoC-III1 because this metabolic shift associates with improved triglyceride levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Kegulian
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (N.C.K., S.H., H.N.Y.)
| | - Bastian Ramms
- Department of Medicine (B.R., J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Germany (B.R.)
| | - Steven Horton
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (N.C.K., S.H., H.N.Y.)
| | | | - Dobrin Nedelkov
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe (O.T., D.N.)
| | - Mark J Graham
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., R.G.L.)
| | - Richard G Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (M.J.G., R.G.L.)
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Medicine (B.R., J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (N.C.K., S.H., H.N.Y.)
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine (B.R., J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (J.D.E., P.L.S.M.G.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adiels M, Taskinen MR, Björnson E, Andersson L, Matikainen N, Söderlund S, Kahri J, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Sihlbom C, Thorsell A, Zhou H, Pietiläinen KH, Packard C, Borén J. Role of apolipoprotein C-III overproduction in diabetic dyslipidaemia. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1861-1870. [PMID: 30972934 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate how apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) metabolism is altered in subjects with type 2 diabetes, whether the perturbed plasma triglyceride concentrations in this condition are determined primarily by the secretion rate or the removal rate of apoC-III, and whether improvement of glycaemic control using the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide for 16 weeks modifies apoC-III dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postprandial apoC-III kinetics were assessed after a bolus injection of [5,5,5-2 H3 ]leucine using ultrasensitive mass spectrometry techniques. We compared apoC-III kinetics in two situations: in subjects with type 2 diabetes before and after liraglutide therapy, and in type 2 diabetic subjects with matched body mass index (BMI) non-diabetic subjects. Liver fat content, subcutaneous abdominal and intra-abdominal fat were determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Improved glycaemic control by liraglutide therapy for 16 weeks significantly reduced apoC-III secretion rate (561 ± 198 vs. 652 ± 196 mg/d, P = 0.03) and apoC-III levels (10.0 ± 3.8 vs. 11.7 ± 4.3 mg/dL, P = 0.035) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Change in apoC-III secretion rate was significantly associated with the improvement in indices of glucose control (r = 0.67; P = 0.009) and change in triglyceride area under the curve (r = 0.59; P = 0.025). In line with this, the apoC-III secretion rate was higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with BMI-matched non-diabetic subjects (676 ± 208 vs. 505 ± 174 mg/d, P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS The results reveal that the secretion rate of apoC-III is associated with elevation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes, potentially through the influence of glucose homeostasis on the production of apoC-III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Kahri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chris Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Olivieri O, Chiariello C, Martinelli N, Castagna A, Speziali G, Girelli D, Pizzolo F, Bassi A, Cecconi D, Robotti E, Manfredi M, Conte E, Marengo E. Sialylated isoforms of apolipoprotein C-III and plasma lipids in subjects with coronary artery disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1542-1550. [PMID: 29652662 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), a key regulator of plasma triglyceride (TG), is present in three isoforms, i.e. non-sialylated (ApoC-III0), monosialylated (ApoC-III1) and disialylated (ApoC-III2). We aimed at quantifying the distribution of the ApoC-III glycoforms in patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease (CAD) according to levels of total ApoC-III plasma concentration. METHODS ApoC-III glycoforms were quantified by a specifically developed, high-resolution, mass spectrometry method in unrelated CAD patients. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was estimated by a fluorescence-based method. RESULTS In 101 statin-treated CAD patients, the absolute concentrations of the three glycoforms similarly increased across ApoC-III quartiles, but the proportion of ApoC-III1 rose whereas that of ApoC-III0 decreased progressively by increasing total ApoC-III concentrations. The proportion of ApoC-III2 was quite constant throughout the whole range of total ApoC-III. A higher proportion of ApoC-III1 reflected an unfavorable lipid profile characterized by high levels of TG, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ApoE and reduced ApoA-I. The correlations between ApoC-III glycoforms and TG were confirmed in 50 statin-free CAD patients. High concentration of total ApoC-III was associated with low LPL activity, while no correlation was found for the relative proportion of glycoforms. CONCLUSIONS Specific patterns of ApoC-III glycoforms are present across different total ApoC-III concentrations in CAD patients. The inhibitory effect of ApoC-III on LPL appears related to total ApoC-III concentration, but not to the relative proportion of ApoC-III glycoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carmela Chiariello
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Castagna
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Speziali
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Lab, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Pizzolo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Bassi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Lab, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.,ISALIT S.r.l., Novara, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Christopoulou E, Tsimihodimos V, Filippatos T, Elisaf M. Apolipoprotein CIII and diabetes. Is there a link? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3118. [PMID: 30557902 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII), a small protein that resides on the surface of lipoprotein particles, is a key regulator of triglyceride metabolism. The inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the increased assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and the decreased reuptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by the liver are mechanisms associating elevated serum ApoCIII levels and hypertriglyceridemia. ApoCIII concentration is high in individuals with diabetes mellitus, indicating a possible positive correlation with impairment of glucose metabolism. The aim of this review (based on a Pubmed search until August 2018) is to present the possible mechanisms linking ApoCIII and deterioration of carbohydrate homeostasis. ApoCIII enhances pancreatic β-cells apoptosis via an increase of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in the insulin-producing cells. In addition, overexpression of ApoCIII enhances non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and exacerbates inflammatory pathways in skeletal muscles, affecting insulin signalling and thereby inducing insulin resistance. Moreover, recent studies reveal a possible mechanism of body weight increase and glucose production through a potential ApoCIII-induced LPL inhibition in the hypothalamus. Also, the presence of ApoCIII on the surface of high-density lipoprotein particles is associated with impairment of their antiglycemic and atheroprotective properties. Modulating ApoCIII may be a potent therapeutic approach to manage hypertriglyceridemia and improve carbohydrate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Christopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasilios Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodosios Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Moses Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khetarpal SA, Zeng X, Millar JS, Vitali C, Somasundara AVH, Zanoni P, Landro JA, Barucci N, Zavadoski WJ, Sun Z, de Haard H, Toth IV, Peloso GM, Natarajan P, Cuchel M, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC, Tall AR, Kathiresan S, DaSilva-Jardine P, Yates NA, Rader DJ. A human APOC3 missense variant and monoclonal antibody accelerate apoC-III clearance and lower triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels. Nat Med 2017; 23:1086-1094. [PMID: 28825717 PMCID: PMC5669375 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent large-scale genetic sequencing efforts have identified rare coding variants in genes in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) clearance pathway that are protective against coronary heart disease (CHD), independently of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Insight into the mechanisms of protection of these variants may facilitate the development of new therapies for lowering TRL levels. The gene APOC3 encodes apoC-III, a critical inhibitor of triglyceride (TG) lipolysis and remnant TRL clearance. Here we report a detailed interrogation of the mechanism of TRL lowering by the APOC3 Ala43Thr (A43T) variant, the only missense (rather than protein-truncating) variant in APOC3 reported to be TG lowering and protective against CHD. We found that both human APOC3 A43T heterozygotes and mice expressing human APOC3 A43T display markedly reduced circulating apoC-III levels. In mice, this reduction is due to impaired binding of A43T apoC-III to lipoproteins and accelerated renal catabolism of free apoC-III. Moreover, the reduced content of apoC-III in TRLs resulted in accelerated clearance of circulating TRLs. On the basis of this protective mechanism, we developed a monoclonal antibody targeting lipoprotein-bound human apoC-III that promotes circulating apoC-III clearance in mice expressing human APOC3 and enhances TRL catabolism in vivo. These data reveal the molecular mechanism by which a missense variant in APOC3 causes reduced circulating TG levels and, hence, protects from CHD. This protective mechanism has the potential to be exploited as a new therapeutic approach to reduce apoC-III levels and circulating TRL burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet A Khetarpal
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John S Millar
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amritha Varshini Hanasoge Somasundara
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paolo Zanoni
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nathan A Yates
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
HDL Glycoprotein Composition and Site-Specific Glycosylation Differentiates Between Clinical Groups and Affects IL-6 Secretion in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Monocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43728. [PMID: 28287093 PMCID: PMC5347119 DOI: 10.1038/srep43728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this pilot study was to determine whether HDL glycoprotein composition affects HDL’s immunomodulatory function. HDL were purified from healthy controls (n = 13), subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (n = 13), and diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients (n = 24). Concentrations of HDL-bound serum amyloid A (SAA), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), and α-2-HS-glycoprotein (A2HSG); and the site-specific glycovariations of ApoC-III, A1AT, and A2HSG were measured. Secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes was used as a prototypical assay of HDL’s immunomodulatory capacity. HDL from HD patients were enriched in SAA, LBP, ApoC-III, di-sialylated ApoC-III (ApoC-III2) and desialylated A2HSG. HDL that increased IL-6 secretion were enriched in ApoC-III, di-sialylated glycans at multiple A1AT glycosylation sites and desialylated A2HSG, and depleted in mono-sialylated ApoC-III (ApoC-III1). Subgroup analysis on HD patients who experienced an infectious hospitalization event within 60 days (HD+) (n = 12), vs. those with no event (HD−) (n = 12) showed that HDL from HD+ patients were enriched in SAA but had lower levels of sialylation across glycoproteins. Our results demonstrate that HDL glycoprotein composition, including the site-specific glycosylation, differentiate between clinical groups, correlate with HDL’s immunomodulatory capacity, and may be predictive of HDL’s ability to protect from infection.
Collapse
|
15
|
Morel S, Leahy J, Fournier M, Lamarche B, Garofalo C, Grimard G, Poulain F, Delvin E, Laverdière C, Krajinovic M, Drouin S, Sinnett D, Marcil V, Levy E. Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:982-993. [PMID: 28274961 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common cancer in children, are at increased risk of developing late cardiometabolic conditions. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize the plasma lipid profile, Apo distribution, and lipoprotein composition of 80 childhood ALL survivors compared with 22 healthy controls. Our results show that, despite their young age, 50% of the ALL survivors displayed dyslipidemia, characterized by increased plasma triglyceride (TG) and LDL-cholesterol, as well as decreased HDL-cholesterol. ALL survivors exhibited lower plasma Apo A-I and higher Apo B-100 and C-II levels, along with elevated Apo C-II/C-III and B-100/A-I ratios. VLDL fractions of dyslipidemic ALL survivors contained more TG, free cholesterol, and phospholipid moieties, but less protein. Differences in Apo content were found between ALL survivors and controls for all lipoprotein fractions except HDL3 HDL2, especially, showed reduced Apo A-I and raised Apo A-II, leading to a depressed Apo A-I/A-II ratio. Analysis of VLDL-Apo Cs disclosed a trend for higher Apo C-III1 content in dyslipidemic ALL survivors. In conclusion, this thorough investigation demonstrates a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in ALL survivors, while highlighting significant abnormalities in their plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein composition. Special attention must, therefore, be paid to these subjects given the atherosclerotic potency of lipid and lipoprotein disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Morel
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Jade Leahy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Maryse Fournier
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Benoit Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Guy Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Floriane Poulain
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Simon Drouin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Health Center Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5 .,Department of Nutrition Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koska J, Yassine H, Trenchevska O, Sinari S, Schwenke DC, Yen FT, Billheimer D, Nelson RW, Nedelkov D, Reaven PD. Disialylated apolipoprotein C-III proteoform is associated with improved lipids in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:894-905. [PMID: 26945091 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p064816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoC-III proteoform containing two sialic acid residues (apoC-III2) has different in vitro effects on lipid metabolism compared with asialylated (apoC-III0) or the most abundant monosialylated (apoC-III1) proteoforms. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma apoC-III proteoforms (by mass spectrometric immunoassay) and plasma lipids were tested in two randomized clinical trials: ACT NOW, a study of pioglitazone in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 531), and RACED (n = 296), a study of intensive glycemic control and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients. At baseline, higher relative apoC-III2 and apoC-III2/apoC-III1 ratios were associated with lower triglycerides and total cholesterol in both cohorts, and with lower small dense LDL in the RACED. Longitudinally, changes in apoC-III2/apoC-III1 were inversely associated with changes in triglycerides in both cohorts, and with total and small dense LDL in the RACED. apoC-III2/apoC-III1 was also higher in patients treated with PPAR-γ agonists and was associated with reduced cardiovascular events in the RACED control group. Ex vivo studies of apoC-III complexes with higher apoC-III2/apoC-III1 showed attenuated inhibition of VLDL uptake by HepG2 cells and LPL-mediated lipolysis, providing possible functional explanations for the inverse association between a higher apoC-III2/apoC-III1 and hypertriglyceridemia, proatherogenic plasma lipid profiles, and cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Koska
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Frances T Yen
- Université de Lorraine, URAFPA, INSERM, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Association of Human Apolipoprotein C-III Sialylation Proteoforms with Plasma Triglycerides. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144138. [PMID: 26633899 PMCID: PMC4669142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) regulates triglyceride (TG) metabolism. In plasma, apoC-III exists in non-sialylated (apoC-III0a without glycosylation and apoC-III0b with glycosylation), monosialylated (apoC-III1) or disialylated (apoC-III2) proteoforms. Our aim was to clarify the relationship between apoC-III sialylation proteoforms with fasting plasma TG concentrations. Methods In 204 non-diabetic adolescent participants, the relative abundance of apoC-III plasma proteoforms was measured using mass spectrometric immunoassay. Results Compared with the healthy weight subgroup (n = 16), the ratios of apoC-III0a, apoC-III0b, and apoC-III1 to apoC-III2 were significantly greater in overweight (n = 33) and obese participants (n = 155). These ratios were positively correlated with BMI z-scores and negatively correlated with measures of insulin sensitivity (Si). The relationship of apoC-III1 / apoC-III2 with Si persisted after adjusting for BMI (p = 0.02). Fasting TG was correlated with the ratio of apoC-III0a / apoC-III2 (r = 0.47, p<0.001), apoC-III0b / apoC-III2 (r = 0.41, p<0.001), apoC-III1 / apoC-III2 (r = 0.43, p<0.001). By examining apoC-III concentrations, the association of apoC-III proteoforms with TG was driven by apoC-III0a (r = 0.57, p<0.001), apoC-III0b (r = 0.56. p<0.001) and apoC-III1 (r = 0.67, p<0.001), but not apoC-III2 (r = 0.006, p = 0.9) concentrations, indicating that apoC-III relationship with plasma TG differed in apoC-III2 compared with the other proteoforms. Conclusion We conclude that apoC-III0a, apoC-III0b, and apoC-III1, but not apoC- III2 appear to be under metabolic control and associate with fasting plasma TG. Measurement of apoC-III proteoforms can offer insights into the biology of TG metabolism in obesity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Study Makes High-Density Lipoprotein a Biomarker for Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:164846. [PMID: 26090384 PMCID: PMC4450224 DOI: 10.1155/2015/164846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a lipid and protein complex that consists of apolipoproteins and lower level HDL-associated enzymes. HDL dysfunction is a factor in atherosclerosis and decreases patient survival. Mass spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomics provides a high throughput approach for analyzing the composition and modifications of complex HDL proteins in diseases. HDL can be separated according to size, surface charge, electronegativity, or apoprotein composition. MS-based proteomics on subfractionated HDL then allows investigation of lipoprotein roles in diseases. Herein, we review recent developments in MS-based quantitative proteomic techniques, HDL proteomics and lipoprotein modifications in diseases, and HDL subfractionation studies. We also discuss future directions and perspectives in MS-based proteomics on HDL.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kontush A, Lindahl M, Lhomme M, Calabresi L, Chapman MJ, Davidson WS. Structure of HDL: particle subclasses and molecular components. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:3-51. [PMID: 25522985 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A molecular understanding of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) will allow a more complete grasp of its interactions with key plasma remodelling factors and with cell-surface proteins that mediate HDL assembly and clearance. However, these particles are notoriously heterogeneous in terms of almost every physical, chemical and biological property. Furthermore, HDL particles have not lent themselves to high-resolution structural study through mainstream techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography; investigators have therefore had to use a series of lower resolution methods to derive a general structural understanding of these enigmatic particles. This chapter reviews current knowledge of the composition, structure and heterogeneity of human plasma HDL. The multifaceted composition of the HDL proteome, the multiple major protein isoforms involving translational and posttranslational modifications, the rapidly expanding knowledge of the HDL lipidome, the highly complex world of HDL subclasses and putative models of HDL particle structure are extensively discussed. A brief history of structural studies of both plasma-derived and recombinant forms of HDL is presented with a focus on detailed structural models that have been derived from a range of techniques spanning mass spectrometry to molecular dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu J, Li Y, Wei L, Yang X, Xie Z, Jiang T, Wang C, Zhang X, Xu D, Chen Z, Yang F, Li JC. Screening and identification of potential biomarkers and establishment of the diagnostic serum proteomic model for the Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes of tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1322-1331. [PMID: 25072359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chemotherapy is the mainstay of modern tuberculosis (TB) control. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can enhance the effect of anti-TB drug, promote the absorption of the foci in the lung and reduce drug toxicity. In TCM, the determination of treatment is based on ZHENG (also called TCM syndrome). To establish a diagnostic model by using proteomics technology in order to identify potential biomarkers for TCM syndromes of TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS The surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (SELDI-TOF MS) combined with weak cation exchange (WCX) magnetic beads was used to screen serum samples from 71 cases of deficiency of lung yin syndrome (DLYS), 64 cases of fire (yang) excess yin deficiency syndrome (FEYDS) and 45 cases of deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome (DQYS). A classification model was established by Biomarker Pattern Software (BPS). Candidate protein biomarkers were purified by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatograph (RP-HPLC), identified by MALDI-TOF MS, LC-MS/MS and validated by ProteinChip Immunoassays. RESULTS A total of 74 discriminating m/z peaks (P<0.001) among three TCM syndromes of TB were detected. A diagnostic model for the TCM syndrome of TB based on the five biomarkers (3961.7, 4679.7, 5646.4, 8891.2 and 9416.7 m/z) was established which could discriminate DLYS, FEYDS and DQYS patients with an accuracy of 74.0%, 72.5%, and 96.7%, respectively. The candidate biomarker with m/z of 9416.7 was identified as a fragment of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) by MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSION The TCM syndrome diagnostic model of TB could successfully distinguish the three TCM syndromes of TB patients. This provided a biological basis for the determination of treatment based on different TCM syndromes of TB. ApoC-III was identified as a potential biomarker for TCM syndromes of TB and revealed the biochemical basis and pathogenesis of TCM syndromes in TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 388, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China.
| | - Yanyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
| | - Liliang Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing 312000, PR China.
| | - Xiuyun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| | - Zhensheng Xie
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 388, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 388, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 388, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Dandan Xu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 388, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 388, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 388, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nicolardi S, van der Burgt YEM, Dragan I, Hensbergen PJ, Deelder AM. Identification of new apolipoprotein-CIII glycoforms with ultrahigh resolution MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry of human sera. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2260-8. [PMID: 23527852 DOI: 10.1021/pr400136p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein-CIII (apoCIII) is an abundant blood glycoprotein associated with lipoprotein particles. Three different glycoforms have been described, all containing a mucin-type core-1 O-glycosylation with either zero, one or two sialic acids. Changes in the relative abundance of these glycoforms have been observed in a variety of different pathologies. In this study, ultrahigh resolution 15T MALDI Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS was used to analyze apoCIII isoforms in serum protein profiles. For this purpose, serum proteins were purified using both a fully automated RPC18-based magnetic bead method and an RPC4 cartridge-based solid phase extraction method. Six new apoCIII isoforms were identified with low-ppm mass measurement errors and ultrahigh precision. These were characterized by more complex glycan moieties that are fucosylated instead of sialylated. To confirm the glycan moiety and localize the glycosylation site, top-down ESI-FTICR-MS/MS and bottom-up LC-ion trap MS/MS were used. A large variation in the presence and abundance of the fucosylated isoforms was found in a set of 96 serum samples. These findings of fucosylated apolipoprotein-CIII isoforms warrant further research to elucidate the implications these glycoforms may have for the plethora of studies where alterations in apoCIII have been linked to the development of many different pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jian W, Edom RW, Wang D, Weng N, Zhang SW. Relative quantitation of glycoisoforms of intact apolipoprotein C3 in human plasma by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2867-74. [PMID: 23368640 DOI: 10.1021/ac3034757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications to mammalian proteins. Distribution of different glycoisoforms of certain proteins may reflect disease conditions and, therefore, can potentially be utilized as biomarkers. Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) is one of the many plasma glycoproteins extensively studied for association with disease states. ApoC3 exists in three main glycoisoforms, including ApoC3-1 and ApoC3-2, which contain an O-linked carbohydrate moiety consisting of three and four monosaccharide residues, respectively, and ApoC3-0 that lacks the entire glycosylation chain. Changes in the ratio of different glycoisoforms of ApoC3 have been observed in pathological conditions such as kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes. They may provide important information for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic response for metabolic conditions. In this current work, a liquid chromatography (LC)-high-resolution (HR) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed for relative quantitation of different glycoisoforms of intact ApoC3 in human plasma. The samples were processed using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method and then subjected to LC-full scan HRMS analysis. Isotope peaks for each targeted glycoisoform at two charge states were extracted using a window of 50 mDa and integrated into a chromatographic peak. The peak area ratios of ApoC3-1/ApoC3-0 and ApoC3-2/ApoC3-0 were calculated and evaluated for assay performance. The results indicated that the ratio can be determined with excellent reproducibility in multiple subjects. It has also been observed that the ratios remained constant in plasma exposed to room temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, and long-term frozen storage. The method was applied in preliminary biomarker research of diabetes by analyzing plasma samples collected from normal, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects. Significant differences were revealed in the ApoC3-1/ApoC3-0 ratio and in the ApoC3-2/ApoC3-0 ratio among the three groups. The workflow of intact protein analysis using full scan HRMS established in this current work can be potentially extended to relative quantitation of other glycosylated proteins. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that a systematic approach of relative quantitation of targeted intact protein glycoisoforms using LC-MS has been established and utilized in biomarker research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Jian
- Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, 1000 Route 202 South, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nicolardi S, van der Burgt YEM, Wuhrer M, Deelder AM. Mapping O-glycosylation of apolipoprotein C-III in MALDI-FT-ICR protein profiles. Proteomics 2013; 13:992-1001. [PMID: 23335445 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution MALDI-FT-ICR profiles were obtained from human serum samples that were processed using a fully automated RPC18-based magnetic bead method. Proteins were profiled from m/z value 6630 with a resolving power of 73 000 up to m/z value 12 600 with a resolving power of 37 000. In this study, a detailed evaluation was performed of the isoforms of apolipoprotein C-III, i.e. the different mucin-type core 1 O-glycans with the addition of one or two sialic acid residues. The MALDI-FT-ICR profiles are discussed with regard to reproducibility of the signal intensities as well as the accurate mass measurements. ESI-FT-ICR-MS/MS analyses of the same serum samples were performed to confirm the identity of apolipoprotein C-III glycoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hyysalo J, Stojkovic I, Kotronen A, Hakkarainen A, Sevastianova K, Makkonen J, Lundbom N, Rissanen A, Krauss RM, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Yki-Järvinen H. Genetic variation in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 influences liver fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:951-6. [PMID: 22141340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.07045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort. METHODS A total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat. Plasma apoC3 concentration was measured enzymatically, and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS APOC3 wild-type homozygotes and variant allele (T-455C or C-482T or both) carriers did not differ with regard to liver fat, apoC3 concentrations, triglyceride-, high density lipoprotein-, fasting plasma glucose, insulin-, alanine aminotransferase- and aspartate aminotransferase-concentrations, nor was there a difference in prevalence of NAFLD. In contrast, carriers of the PNPLA3 GG genotype at rs738409 had a 2.7-fold (median 11.3%) higher liver fat than those with the CC (median 4.2%) genotype. The PNPLA3 rs738409 was also an independent predictor of liver fat, together with age, gender, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Genetic variants in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 contribute to the variance in liver fat content due to NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Hyysalo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fogelstrand P, Borén J. Retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in the artery wall and its role in atherogenesis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:1-7. [PMID: 22176921 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this review, we discuss the mechanisms behind the binding of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to the arterial wall and how this interaction might be targeted to prevent atherosclerosis. DATA SYNTHESIS An increasing body of evidence shows that accumulation of LDL in the vessel wall is a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis. The retained lipoproteins subsequently provoke an inflammatory response that ultimately leads to atherosclerosis. In the arterial wall, LDL binds ionically to proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix. In particular, proteoglycans with elongated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains seem to play a crucial role in this process. CONCLUSIONS The LDL-proteoglycan interaction is a highly regulated process that might provide new therapeutic targets against cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fogelstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Holleboom AG, Karlsson H, Lin RS, Beres TM, Sierts JA, Herman DS, Stroes ES, Aerts JM, Kastelein JJ, Motazacker MM, Dallinga-Thie GM, Levels JH, Zwinderman AH, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Ljunggren S, Lefeber DJ, Morava E, Wevers RA, Fritz TA, Tabak LA, Lindahl M, Hovingh GK, Kuivenhoven JA. Heterozygosity for a loss-of-function mutation in GALNT2 improves plasma triglyceride clearance in man. Cell Metab 2011; 14:811-8. [PMID: 22152306 PMCID: PMC3523677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified GALNT2 as a candidate gene in lipid metabolism, but it is not known how the encoded enzyme ppGalNAc-T2, which contributes to the initiation of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation, mediates this effect. In two probands with elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced triglycerides, we identified a mutation in GALNT2. It is shown that carriers have improved postprandial triglyceride clearance, which is likely attributable to attenuated glycosylation of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, as observed in their plasma. This protein inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which hydrolyses plasma triglycerides. We show that an apoC-III-based peptide is a substrate for ppGalNAc-T2 while its glycosylation by the mutant enzyme is impaired. In addition, neuraminidase treatment of apoC-III which removes the sialic acids from its glycan chain decreases its potential to inhibit LPL. Combined, these data suggest that ppGalNAc-T2 can affect lipid metabolism through apoC-III glycosylation, thereby establishing GALNT2 as a lipid-modifying gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Center of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping S-581 85, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 85, Sweden
| | - Ruei-Shiuan Lin
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas M. Beres
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeroen A. Sierts
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel S. Herman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erik S.G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - John J.P. Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad M. Motazacker
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H.M. Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H. Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stefan Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 85, Sweden
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lawrence A. Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mats Lindahl
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping S-581 85, Sweden
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Electronegative low-density lipoprotein: Origin and impact on health and disease. Atherosclerosis 2011; 215:257-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Sacks Editorial Board FM, Zheng C, Cohn Editorial Board JS. Complexities of plasma apolipoprotein C-III metabolism. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1067-1070. [PMID: 21421846 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.e015701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Sacks Editorial Board
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Chunyu Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shin MJ, Krauss RM. Apolipoprotein CIII bound to apoB-containing lipoproteins is associated with small, dense LDL independent of plasma triglyceride levels in healthy men. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:337-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Zheng C, Khoo C, Furtado J, Sacks FM. Apolipoprotein C-III and the metabolic basis for hypertriglyceridemia and the dense low-density lipoprotein phenotype. Circulation 2010; 121:1722-34. [PMID: 20368524 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.875807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we aim to identify defects of apolipoprotein (apo) B lipoprotein metabolism that characterize hypertriglyceridemia, focusing on apoC-III and apoE. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the transport of plasma apoB within 21 distinct subfractions as separated by anti-apoC-III and anti-apoE immunoaffinity chromatography and ultracentrifugation in 9 patients with moderate hypertriglyceridemia and 12 normotriglyceridemic control subjects. Hypertriglyceridemia was characterized by a 3-fold higher liver secretion of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) that had apoC-III but not apoE and a 50% lower secretion of VLDL with both apoC-III and apoE (both P<0.05). This shift in VLDL secretion pattern from apoE to apoC-III resulted in significantly reduced clearance of light VLDL (-39%; P<0.05), compatible with the antagonizing effects of apoC-III on apoE-induced clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In addition, rate constants for clearance were reduced for apoE-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemia, associated with increased apoC-III contents of these particles. LDL distribution shifted from light and medium LDL to dense LDL in hypertriglyceridemia through a quartet of kinetic perturbations: increased flux from apoC-III-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, a shift in liver LDL secretion pattern from light to dense LDL, an increased conversion rate from light and medium LDL to dense LDL, and retarded catabolism of dense LDL. CONCLUSIONS These results support a central role for apoC-III in metabolic defects leading to hypertriglyceridemia. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism shifts from an apoE-dominated system in normotriglyceridemic participants characterized by rapid clearance from circulation of VLDL to an apoC-III-dominated system in hypertriglyceridemic patients characterized by reduced clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and the formation of the dense LDL phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hiukka A, Ståhlman M, Pettersson C, Levin M, Adiels M, Teneberg S, Leinonen ES, Hultén LM, Wiklund O, Orešič M, Olofsson SO, Taskinen MR, Ekroos K, Borén J. ApoCIII-enriched LDL in type 2 diabetes displays altered lipid composition, increased susceptibility for sphingomyelinase, and increased binding to biglycan. Diabetes 2009; 58:2018-26. [PMID: 19502413 PMCID: PMC2731525 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We investigated potential proatherogenic properties of apoCIII-containing LDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS LDL was isolated from control subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes, and apoB transgenic mice. LDL-biglycan binding was analyzed with a solid-phase assay using immunoplates coated with biglycan. Lipid composition was analyzed with mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis of LDL by sphingomyelinase was analyzed after labeling plasma LDL with [(3)H]sphingomyelin. ApoCIII isoforms were quantified after isoelectric focusing. Human aortic endothelial cells were incubated with desialylated apoCIII or with LDL enriched with specific apoCIII isoforms. RESULTS We showed that enriching LDL with apoCIII only induced a small increase in LDL-proteoglycan binding, and this effect was dependent on a functional site A in apoB100. Our findings indicated that intrinsic characteristics of the diabetic LDL other than apoCIII are responsible for further increased proteoglycan binding of diabetic LDL with high-endogenous apoCIII, and we showed alterations in the lipid composition of diabetic LDL with high apoCIII. We also demonstrated that high apoCIII increased susceptibility of LDL to hydrolysis and aggregation by sphingomyelinases. In addition, we demonstrated that sialylation of apoCIII increased with increasing apoCIII content and that sialylation of apoCIII was essential for its proinflammatory properties. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a number of features of apoCIII-containing LDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes that could explain the proatherogenic role of apoCIII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hiukka
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Pettersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Levin
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Teneberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eeva S. Leinonen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olov Wiklund
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matej Orešič
- Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sven-Olof Olofsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jan Borén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory and the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Jan Borén,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Karlsson H, Mörtstedt H, Lindqvist H, Tagesson C, Lindahl M. Protein profiling of low-density lipoprotein from obese subjects. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:663-71. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
33
|
Harvey SB, Zhang Y, Wilson-Grady J, Monkkonen T, Nelsestuen GL, Kasthuri RS, Verneris MR, Lund TC, Ely EW, Bernard GR, Zeisler H, Homoncik M, Jilma B, Swan T, Kellogg TA. O-glycoside biomarker of apolipoprotein C3: responsiveness to obesity, bariatric surgery, and therapy with metformin, to chronic or severe liver disease and to mortality in severe sepsis and graft vs host disease. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:603-12. [PMID: 19055479 DOI: 10.1021/pr800751x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The glyco-isoforms of intact apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) were used to probe glycomic changes associated with obesity and recovery following bariatric surgery, liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and alcoholic liver cirrhosis, as well as severe, multiorgan diseases such as sepsis and graft vs host disease (GVHD). ApoC3 glyco-isoform ratios responded to unique stimuli that did not correlate with serum lipids or with other blood components measured in either a control population or a group of extremely obese individuals. However, glyco-isoform ratios correlated with obesity with a 1.8-fold change among subjects eligible for bariatric surgery relative to a nonobese control population. Bariatric surgery resulted in rapid change of isoform distribution to that of nonobese individuals, after which the distribution was stable in each individual. Although multiple simultaneous factors complicated effector attribution, the isoform ratios of very obese individuals were nearly normal for diabetic individuals on metformin therapy. Glyco-isoform ratios were sensitive to liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis C and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The correlation coefficient with fibrosis was superior to that of current assays of serum enzyme levels. Diseases of pregnancy that can result in liver damage, HELLP syndrome and pre-eclampsia, did not alter ApoC3 glyco-isoform ratios. Early after umbilical cord blood transplantation the isoform ratios changed and returned to normal in long-term survivors. Larger changes were observed in persons who died. GVHD had little effect. Persons with severe sepsis showed altered ratios. Similar cut-points for mortality (3.5-fold difference from controls) were found for UCBT and sepsis. Similar values characterized liver cirrhosis. Overall, while changes of glyco-isoform ratios occurred in many situations, individual stability of isoform distribution was evident and large changes were limited to high-level disease. If ratio changes associated with obesity are found to document a risk factor for long-term outcomes, the information provided by glyco-isoform ratio changes may provide important, novel information for diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response to metabolic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The concurrence of visceral obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia comprises the concept of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is an escalating problem in developed and developing societies that tracks with the obesity epidemic. Dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome is potently atherogenic and, hence, is a major risk factor for CVD (cardiovascular disease) in these subjects. It is globally characterized by hypertriglyceridaemia, near normal LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol and low plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol. ApoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III), an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism, is strongly associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and the progression of CVD. ApoC-III impairs the lipolysis of TRLs [triacylglycerol (triglyceride)-rich lipoproteins] by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. In the circulation, apoC-III is associated with TRLs and HDL, and freely exchanges among these lipoprotein particle systems. However, to fully understand the complex physiology and pathophysiology requires the application of tracer methodology and mathematical modelling. In addition, experimental evidence shows that apoC-III may also have a direct role in atherosclerosis. In the metabolic syndrome, increased apoC-III concentration, resulting from hepatic overproduction of VLDL (very-LDL) apoC-III, is strongly associated with delayed catabolism of triacylglycerols and TRLs. Several therapies pertinent to the metabolic syndrome, such as PPAR (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor) agonists and statins, can regulate apoC-III transport in the metabolic syndrome. Regulating apoC-III metabolism may be an important new therapeutic approach to managing dyslipidaemia and CVD risk in the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
35
|
Molina S, Missé D, Roche S, Badiou S, Cristol JP, Bonfils C, Dierick JF, Veas F, Levayer T, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Maurel P, Coste J, Fournier-Wirth C. Identification of apolipoprotein C-III as a potential plasmatic biomarker associated with the resolution of hepatitis C virus infection. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:751-61. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
36
|
Nelsestuen GL, Harvey SB, Zhang Y, Kasthuri RS, Sinaiko AR, Ely EW, Bernard GR, Homoncik M, Jilma B. Top-down proteomic analysis by MALDI-TOF profiling: Concentration-independent biomarkers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:158-66. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
37
|
Chan DC, Nguyen MN, Watts GF, Barrett PHR. Plasma apolipoprotein C-III transport in centrally obese men: associations with very low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B and high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:557-64. [PMID: 18000086 PMCID: PMC2729148 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and progression of cardiovascular disease. Plasma apoC-III is elevated in centrally obese men, and we hypothesized that the kinetics of apoC-III are disturbed in these subjects. OBJECTIVE We developed a compartmental model to determine very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apoC-III metabolic parameters in centrally obese men and investigated the associations with VLDL-apoB and HDL-apoA-I kinetics. STUDY DESIGN Apolipoprotein kinetics was determined using stable isotope techniques and compartmental modelling in 39 centrally obese and 12 nonobese men. RESULTS Compared with nonobese subjects, centrally obese subjects had increased plasma apoC-III concentration (160 +/- 5 mg/liter vs. 103 +/- 9 mg/liter, P < 0.001), reflecting increased concentrations of both VLDL-apoC-III and HDL-apoC-III. These related to increased production rate (PR) of VLDL-apoC-III (2.12 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.56 +/- 0.29 mg/kg x d, P < 0.05) and reduced fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of both VLDL- and HDL-apoC-III (0.70 +/- 0.02 pools/d vs. 0.82 +/- 0.05 pools/d, P < 0.05). In centrally obese men, VLDL-apoC-III concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with VLDL-apoB concentration and PR as well as HDL-apoA-I FCR and PR and inversely with VLDL-apoB FCR. HDL-apoC-III concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the concentrations of both VLDL-apoB and HDL-apoA-I, the FCR, and the PR of HDL-apoA-I and inversely with the VLDL-apoB FCR. In multiple regression analysis, both VLDL-apoC-III and HDL-apoC-III concentrations were significantly associated with HDL-apoA-I FCR. CONCLUSIONS In centrally obese men, elevated VLDL-apoC-III and HDL-apoC-III concentrations are a consequence of elevated production and decreased catabolism of VLDL-apoC-III and reduced catabolism of HDL-apoC-III, respectively. These defects are associated with disturbances in VLDL-apoB and HDL-apoA-I metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, GPO Box X2213, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kostapanos MS, Milionis HJ, Filippatos TD, Nakou ES, Bairaktari ET, Tselepis AD, Elisaf MS. A 12-Week, Prospective, Open-Label Analysis of the Effect of Rosuvastatin on Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism in Patients with Primary Dyslipidemia. Clin Ther 2007; 29:1403-14. [PMID: 17825691 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effect of statins on lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been extensively studied, their hypotriglyceridemic capacity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The present study examined clinical and laboratory factors potentially associated with the triglyceride (TG)-lowering effect of rosuvastatin. METHODS Eligible patients had primary dyslipidemia and a moderate risk of heart disease. Patients were prescribed rosuvastatin 10 mg/d in an open-label fashion and kept 3-day food diaries. Laboratory measurements, performed at baseline and 12 weeks, included serum lipid parameters (total cholesterol [TC], TGs, LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and apolipoprotein [apo] levels), non-lipid metabolic variables (including carbohydrate metabolism parameters and renal, liver, and thyroid function tests), and LDL-subfraction profile (by high-resolution 3% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Tolerability was assessed at each visit. RESULTS Participants were 75 hyperlipidemic patients (39 men and 36 women; mean age, 51.7 years). At 12 weeks, TC levels were reduced by 35.1% (P < 0.001), TGs by 15.2% (P < 0.001), LDL-C by 48.5% (P < 0.001), apoE by 35.4% (P < 0.001), and apoE by 17.3% (P < 0.001) from baseline, whereas HDL-C and apoA1 levels were not significantly changed. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that baseline TG levels were most significantly correlated (R(2) = 42.0%; P < 0.001) with the TG-lowering effect of rosuvastatin, followed by the reduction in apoCIII levels (R(2) = 13.6%; P < 0.01). Rosuvastatin use was associated with a reduction in cholesterol mass of both large LDL particles (mean [SD], from 150.5 [36.6] to 90.5 [24.3] mg/dL; P < 0.001) and small, dense LDL (sdLDL) particles (from 11.5 [8.4] to 6.6 [4.5] mg/dL; P < 0.001). Rosuvastatin had no effect on cholesterol distribution of the LDL subfractions (mean [SD], large particles, from 90.8% [7.0%] to 91.8% [5.1%]; sdLDL, from 7.1% [4.7%] to 7.5% [4.8%]) or the mean LDL particle size (from 26.5 [4.2] to 26.6 [4.0] rim). A significant increase in mean LDL particle size after rosuvastatin treatment (mean [SD], from 26.4 [0.4] to 26.9 [0.4] rim; P = 0.02) was observed only in patients with baseline TG levels > or =120 mg/dL. No serious adverse events requiring study treatment discontinuation were reported. One patient who presented with headache and 2 patients who presented with fatigue quickly recovered without discontinuing rosuvastatin treatment. A posttreatment elevation in aminotransferase levels <3-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) was recorded in 5 (6.7%) patients, and 2 (2.7%) patients experienced elevated creatine kinase concentrations <5-fold ULN. CONCLUSION Baseline TG levels were the most important independent variable associated with the TG-lowering effect of rosuvastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kostapanos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
De Re V, Simula MP, Caggiari L, Orzes N, Spina M, Da ponte A, De Appollonia L, Dolcetti R, Canzonieri V, Cannizzaro R. Proteins specifically hyperexpressed in a coeliac disease patient with aberrant T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148:402-9. [PMID: 17335557 PMCID: PMC1941938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An aberrant T cell population is the basis for diagnosis of refractory coeliac disease and determines the risk of enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma. This disease is serious with a poor survival. Pathogenetic mechanisms sustaining aberrant T cell proliferation remain unknown. Recently, alemtuzumab has been proposed as a promising new approach to treat these patients. Only few single cases have been tested at present; nevertheless, in all the cases a clinical improvement was observed. However, whether intraepithelial lymphocytes have been targeted effectively by alemtuzumab is still debated. This study reports, using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE), hyperexpressed proteins associated specifically with aberrant T cells found in a patient with coeliac disease by comparison of the protein expression of this sample with that of patients with coeliac disease and polyclonal T cells or with control subjects. The data demonstrated a significantly higher expression of IgM, apolipoprotein C-III and Charcot-Leyden crystal proteins in a duodenal biopsy specimen of the patient with clonal T cells compared with that of other patients. These preliminary results allow hypothesizing different clinical effects of alemtuzumab in patients with coeliac disease and aberrant T cell proliferation, because as well as the probable effect on T cells, alemtuzumab could exert its effect by acting on inflammatory associated CD52(+) IgM(+) B cells and eosinophil cells, known to produce IgM and Charcot-Leyden crystal proteins, that we demonstrated to be altered in this patient. The results also emphasize the possible association of apolipoprotein with aberrant T cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V De Re
- Farmacologia Sperimentale e clinica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|