1
|
Islam MA, Sehar U, Sultana OF, Mukherjee U, Brownell M, Kshirsagar S, Reddy PH. SuperAgers and centenarians, dynamics of healthy ageing with cognitive resilience. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111936. [PMID: 38657874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Graceful healthy ageing and extended longevity is the most desired goal for human race. The process of ageing is inevitable and has a profound impact on the gradual deterioration of our physiology and health since it triggers the onset of many chronic conditions like dementia, osteoporosis, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, some people who lived/live more than 100 years called 'Centenarians" and how do they achieve their extended lifespans are not completely understood. Studying these unknown factors of longevity is important not only to establish a longer human lifespan but also to manage and treat people with shortened lifespans suffering from age-related morbidities. Furthermore, older adults who maintain strong cognitive function are referred to as "SuperAgers" and may be resistant to risk factors linked to cognitive decline. Investigating the mechanisms underlying their cognitive resilience may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies that support the preservation of cognitive function as people age. The key to a long, physically, and cognitively healthy life has been a mystery to scientists for ages. Developments in the medical sciences helps us to a better understanding of human physiological function and greater access to medical care has led us to an increase in life expectancy. Moreover, inheriting favorable genetic traits and adopting a healthy lifestyle play pivotal roles in promoting longer and healthier lives. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking contribute to overall well-being. The synergy between positive lifestyle choices, access to education, socio-economic factors, environmental determinants and genetic supremacy enhances the potential for a longer and healthier life. Our article aims to examine the factors associated with healthy ageing, particularly focusing on cognitive health in centenarians. We will also be discussing different aspects of ageing including genomic instability, metabolic burden, oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, immunosenescence, and sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm Brownell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mota B, Brás AR, Araújo-Andrade L, Silva A, Pereira PA, Madeira MD, Cardoso A. High-Caloric Diets in Adolescence Impair Specific GABAergic Subpopulations, Neurogenesis, and Alter Astrocyte Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5524. [PMID: 38791562 PMCID: PMC11122083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of two different high-caloric diets administered to 4-week-old rats for 12 weeks: a diet rich in sugar (30% sucrose) and a cafeteria diet rich in sugar and high-fat foods. We focused on the hippocampus, particularly on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, including the Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), and the neuropeptides somatostatin (SST) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). We also analyzed the density of cholinergic varicosities, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reelin (RELN), and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) mRNA levels, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The cafeteria diet reduced PV-positive neurons in the granular layer, hilus, and CA1, as well as NPY-positive neurons in the hilus, without altering other GABAergic populations or overall GABA levels. The high-sugar diet induced a decrease in the number of PV-positive cells in CA3 and an increase in CB-positive cells in the hilus and CA1. No alterations were observed in the cholinergic varicosities. The cafeteria diet also reduced the relative mRNA expression of RELN without significant changes in BDNF and CDK5 levels. The cafeteria diet increased the number but reduced the length of the astrocyte processes. These data highlight the significance of determining the mechanisms mediating the observed effects of these diets and imply that the cognitive impairments previously found might be related to both the neuroinflammation process and the reduction in PV, NPY, and RELN expression in the hippocampal formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mota
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Brás
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
| | - Leonardo Araújo-Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Pereira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Dulce Madeira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Cardoso
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montalban E, Giralt A, Taing L, Nakamura Y, Pelosi A, Brown M, de Pins B, Valjent E, Martin M, Nairn AC, Greengard P, Flajolet M, Hervé D, Gambardella N, Roussarie JP, Girault JA. Operant Training for Highly Palatable Food Alters Translating Messenger RNA in Nucleus Accumbens D 2 Neurons and Reveals a Modulatory Role of Ncdn. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:926-937. [PMID: 37579933 PMCID: PMC11059129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly palatable food triggers behavioral responses including strong motivation. These effects involve the reward system and dopamine neurons, which modulate neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The molecular mechanisms underlying the long-lasting effects of highly palatable food on feeding behavior are poorly understood. METHODS We studied the effects of 2-week operant conditioning of mice with standard or isocaloric highly palatable food. We investigated the behavioral responses and dendritic spine modifications in the NAc. We compared the translating messenger RNA in NAc neurons identified by the type of dopamine receptors they express, depending on the kind of food and training. We tested the consequences of invalidation of an abundant downregulated gene, Ncdn. RESULTS Operant conditioning for highly palatable food increased motivation for food even in well-fed mice. In wild-type mice, free choice between regular and highly palatable food increased weight compared with access to regular food only. Highly palatable food increased spine density in the NAc. In animals trained for highly palatable food, translating messenger RNAs were modified in NAc neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors, mostly corresponding to striatal projection neurons, but not in neurons expressing D1 receptors. Knockout of Ncdn, an abundant downregulated gene, opposed the conditioning-induced changes in satiety-sensitive feeding behavior and apparent motivation for highly palatable food, suggesting that downregulation may be a compensatory mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of messenger RNA alterations in D2 striatal projection neurons in the NAc in the behavioral consequences of highly palatable food conditioning and suggest a modulatory contribution of Ncdn downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Montalban
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Lieng Taing
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Assunta Pelosi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Mallory Brown
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Benoit de Pins
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Miquel Martin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Instituto de investigaciones médicas Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Denis Hervé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Roussarie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu H, Meng L, Wang J, Qin C, Feng R, Chen Y, Chen P, Zhu Q, Ma M, Teng J, Ding X. Enlarged perivascular spaces in alcohol-related brain damage induced by dyslipidemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241251570. [PMID: 38700501 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241251570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Perivascular spaces (PVSs) as the anatomical basis of the glymphatic system, are increasingly recognized as potential imaging biomarkers of neurological conditions. However, it is not clear whether enlarged PVSs are associated with alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD). We aimed to investigate the effect of long-term alcohol exposure on dyslipidemia and the glymphatic system in ARBD. We found that patients with ARBD exhibited significantly enlargement of PVSs in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia, as well as a notable increased levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). The anatomical changes of the glymphatic drainage system mentioned above were positively associated with TC and TG. To further explore whether enlarged PVSs affects the function of the glymphatic system in ARBD, we constructed long alcohol exposure and high fat diet mice models. The mouse model of long alcohol exposure exhibited increased levels of TC and TG, enlarged PVSs, the loss of aquaporin-4 polarity caused by reactive astrocytes and impaired glymphatic drainage function which ultimately caused cognitive deficits, in a similar way as high fat diet leading to impairment in glymphatic drainage. Our study highlights the contribution of dyslipidemia due to long-term alcohol abuse in the impairment of the glymphatic drainage system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Jiuqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Renyi Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Qingyong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xuebing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Henan 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen B, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xin Q, Ma D. The association between rapid growth and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1353334. [PMID: 38577566 PMCID: PMC10991823 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1353334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Metabolic disease prevalence has increased in many regions, and is closely associated with dyslipidemia. Rapid growth refers to a significant increase in growth velocity above the normal range, particularly in infants and children, and is highly prevalent in congenital deficiency infants. But the association between dyslipidemia and rapid growth remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the lipid profile in subjects with and without postnatal rapid growth, and to determine what are the confounding factors. Methods Medline, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Chinese citation database and WANFANG database were searched (last search in May 2021). Publication bias was examined by constructing funnel plots, Egger's linear regression test and Begg's rank correlation test. Results The fixed effects model would be adopted if I2 is less than 25%, otherwise random effects model would be used. There were 11 articles involved with a total of 1148 participants (539 boys and 609 girls, mean age=7.4 years). Pooled analysis found that rapid growth was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (weighted mean difference=-0.068, 95%CI [-0.117, -0.020]), but not associated with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Stratified analysis suggested that increased TG were found in rapid growth subjects from developing countries. Higher TC was observed for rapid growth participants of follow-up age ≤8 years old, rapid growth duration ≤2 years, preterm, low birth weight, and from developing countries. But decreased TC was observed in small for gestational age (SGA) rapid growth subjects. Decreased LDL-C had been documented in rapid growth subjects of follow-up age >8 years old, from developed countries, and SGA. At last, rapid growth groups had lower HDL-C in infants of rapid growth duration >2 years and from developed countries. Conclusion Rapid growth is associated with lipid profiles, particularly during early childhood, and this relationship is influenced by factors such as the duration of growth, the level of national development, and birth weight. These findings are significant for the development of strategies to prevent metabolic diseases.This review was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) with the registration number CRD42020154240.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Botian Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunli Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Xin
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Defu Ma
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deng X, Lu S, Li Y, Fang X, Zhang R, Shen X, Du J, Xie S. Association between increased BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve male schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362674. [PMID: 38505798 PMCID: PMC10948420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although the adverse effects of obesity in schizophrenia are documented, there is limited research exists on the implications for untreated initial schizophrenia. Our investigation aimed to explore the connections between BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN)schizophrenia. Methods We enrolled 143 FEDN schizophrenia patients, and collected data on their body mass index, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. Cognitive function was measured with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Using correlation and regression analysis to assess the relationship between BMI and cognitive performance. Results The prevalence rate of overweight plus obesity in FEDN schizophrenia patients was 33.57%. Patients with FEDN schizophrenia exhibited extensive cognitive impairment, and those who were overweight/obesity demonstrated more severe impairments in working memory and visual learning when compared to normal/under weight counterparts. Correlation analysis indicated a negative association between working memory and BMI and TG, as well as a link between visual learning and BMI and LDL-C. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a higher BMI predicted a decrease in working memory in FEDN schizophrenia patients. Conclusion Our results indicate that the rate of overweight plus obesity is high in FEDN schizophrenia patients, and there is an association between BMI and cognitive function in schizophrenia, particularly in relation to working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinglun Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wiersielis K, Yasrebi A, Degroat TJ, Knox N, Rojas C, Feltri S, Roepke TA. Intermittent fasting disrupts hippocampal-dependent memory and norepinephrine content in aged male and female mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114431. [PMID: 38072036 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IMF) is associated with many health benefits in animals and humans. Yet, little is known if an IMF diet affects mood and cognitive processing. We have previously identified that IMF in diet-induced obese males increases norepinephrine and dopamine content in the hypothalamus and increases arcuate neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression more than in ad libitum control males. This suggests that IMF may improve cognition through activation of the hindbrain norepinephrine neuronal network and reverse the age-dependent decline in NPY expression. Less is known about the association between anxiety and IMF. Although, in humans, IMF during Ramadan may alleviate anxiety. Here, we address the impact of IMF on anxiety-like behavior using the open field test, hippocampal-dependent memory using the Y-maze and spatial object recognition, and hippocampal-independent memory using novel object recognition in middle-aged male and female (12 mo) and aged male and female (18 mo) mice. Using ELISA, we determined norepinephrine (NE) content in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We also investigated gene expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the locus coeruleus (LC). In IMF-treated females at both ages, we observed an improvement in spatial navigation although an impairment in spatial object orientation. IMF-treated females (12 mo) had a reduction and IMF-treated males (12 mo) displayed an improvement in novel object recognition memory. IMF-treated females (18 mo) exhibited anxiolytic-like behavior and increased locomotion. In the DH, IMF-treated males (12 mo) had a greater amount of NE content and IMF-treated males (18 mo) had a reduction. In the ARC, IMF-treated males (12 mo) exhibited an increase in Agrp and Npy and a decrease in Adr1a. In the ARC, IMF-treated males (18 mo) exhibited an increase in Npy and a decrease in Adr1a; females had a trending decrease in Cart. In the LH at 12 months, IMF-treated males had a decrease in Npy5r, Adr1a, and Adr1b; both males and females had a reduction in Npy1r. In the LH, IMF-treated females (18 mo) had a decrease in Hcrt. In the LC at both ages, mice largely exhibited sex effects. Our findings indicate that IMF produces alterations in mood, cognition, DH NE content, and ARC, LH, and LC gene expression depending on sex and age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Thomas J Degroat
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nadja Knox
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Catherine Rojas
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Samantha Feltri
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhan M, Liu X, Xia X, Yang Y, Xie Y, Zhang L, Lin C, Zhu J, Ding W, Xu S. Promotion of neuroinflammation by the glymphatic system: a new insight into ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale in alleviating obesity-associated cognitive impairment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155147. [PMID: 37864890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the critical risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The glymphatic system (GS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits. Alisma orientale has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic effects, whereas its effects and underlying mechanisms on obesity-associated cognitive impairment (OACI) are unclear. PURPOSE This work aims to decipher the mechanism of ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale (EEAO) in restoring cognitive impairment in HFD-induced obese mice through a GS approach. METHODS The restoration of abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism and excess adipose deposition by EEAO were assayed by biochemical analysis and visually displayed by a micro-CT scanner and Oil Red O staining. Biochemical assays and Western blotting (WB) were used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), free fatty acid (FFAs) levels and the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Microglial activation and neuroinflammation were assessed with immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA and WB. Moreover, GS function was determined by immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence tracer imaging and WB. Finally, the neuropathological features and cognitive functions were detested with immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence and Morris Water Maze. RESULTS EEAO not only alleviated body weight, cerebral lipid accumulation and serum FFAs in HFD-induced obese mice, but also increased CBF and BBB integrity. EEAO suppressed microglial activation and lipid deposition in the hippocampus and reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissue. Interestingly, long-term HFD-induced GS dysfunction was significantly restored after EEAO intervention, and neuropathological lesions and cognitive deficits were also markedly rescued. CONCLUSION EEAO rescued the cognitive deficits of OACI by inhibiting neuroinflammation and restoring GS dysfunction, indicating a potential remedy for OACI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunqiao Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiushuang Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Galeano P, de Ceglia M, Mastrogiovanni M, Campanelli L, Medina-Vera D, Campolo N, Novack GV, Rosell-Valle C, Suárez J, Aicardo A, Campuzano K, Castaño EM, Do Carmo S, Cuello AC, Bartesaghi S, Radi R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Morelli L. The Effect of Fat Intake with Increased Omega-6-to-Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio in Animal Models of Early and Late Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17009. [PMID: 38069333 PMCID: PMC10707298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on the adult brain affected by amyloid pathology. McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rat and 5xFAD Tg mouse models that represent earlier or later disease stages were employed. The animals were exposed to a control diet (CD) or an HFD based on corn oil, from young (rats) or adult (mice) ages for 24 or 10 weeks, respectively. In rats and mice, the HFD impaired reference memory in wild-type (WT) animals but did not worsen it in Tg, did not cause obesity, and did not increase triglycerides or glucose levels. Conversely, the HFD promoted stronger microglial activation in Tg vs. WT rats but had no effect on cerebral amyloid deposition. IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 plasma levels were increased in Tg rats, regardless of diet, while CXCL1 chemokine levels were increased in HFD-fed mice, regardless of genotype. Hippocampal 3-nitrotyrosine levels tended to increase in HFD-fed Tg rats but not in mice. Overall, an HFD with an elevated omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio as compared to the CD (25:1 vs. 8.4:1) did not aggravate the outcome of AD regardless of the stage of amyloid pathology, suggesting that many neurobiological processes relevant to AD are not directly dependent on PUFA intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galeano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Lorenzo Campanelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gisela V. Novack
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Av. Ricaldoni S/N, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Karen Campuzano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eduardo M. Castaño
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barutçu Ö, Süer C, Dursun N, Tufan E, Gülpınar EA, Tan B. Insulin-induced long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 157:106343. [PMID: 37562098 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that brain areas involving in learning and memory express receptors for insulin hormone, led to the idea that insulin signaling may have a role in regulating cognitive function. Although previous studies have shown a role for insulin in regulation of the threshold of plasticity induction, no study has addressed whether insulin can induce a chemical plasticity per se. Young-adult male rats that are fed with standard diets with or without carbohydrate syrup (sucrose or high-fructose corn syrups) were enrolled in this study. Extracellular field potentials were recorded from the dentate gyrus in response to perforant pathway stimulation at 0.033 Hz in anesthetized rats. The slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and the amplitude of population spike (PS) were measured 15 min after a 60-min infusion of insulin (500 nM), NT157 (an IRS inhibitor, 6 μM), alone or together, or physiological saline. mRNA expressions of insulin signaling proteins were measured by rt-PCR in the whole hippocampus. We did not observe any appreciable change in the fEPSP slope and the PS amplitude before and after saline infusion. However, intra-hippocampal insulin application results in the induction of LTP of fEPSP and of PS in the dentate gyrus. Insulin infusion together with NT157 inhibited fEPSP-LTP, but not PS-LTP, and rats that are fed with carbohydrate syrup did not express synaptic LTP. In rats that additional carbohydrate syrup is not given, insulin-induced LTP was accompanied with an increase in PI3K-mRNA, AKT-mRNA, and GSK-3β-mRNA which was not observed when co-administered with NT157. The GSK-3β-mRNA and IRS1-mRNA levels were found to be lower in rats that received supplemental carbohydrate and that not express insulin-induced synaptic LTP, compared to the rats expressing synaptic LTP and fed by standard diet. The results obtained provide a mechanistic link between insulin and synaptic plasticity. We concluded that insulin not only functions as a modulator of synaptic plasticity but also acts as a chemical inducer of LTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Barutçu
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye; Turkey, Council of Higher Education100/2000 PhD Scholarship Student, Türkiye
| | - Cem Süer
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye.
| | - Nurcan Dursun
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye
| | - Esra Tufan
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye; Turkey, Council of Higher Education100/2000 PhD Scholarship Student, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Aslan Gülpınar
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye; University of Erciyes, Institute of Health Science, Türkiye; Turkey, Council of Higher Education100/2000 PhD Scholarship Student, Türkiye
| | - Burak Tan
- University of Erciyes, Physiology department of Medical School, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eagle SR, Grashow R, DiGregorio H, Terry DP, Baggish A, Weisskopf MG, Okonkwo DO, Zafonte R. Interaction of Medical Conditions and Football Exposures Associated with Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnosis in Former Professional American Football Players. Sports Med 2023:10.1007/s40279-023-01942-w. [PMID: 37798551 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Despite being a postmortem diagnosis, former professional American-style football players report receiving chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) diagnoses from medical care providers. However, many players also report other health conditions that manifest with cognitive and psychological symptoms. The purpose of this study was to identify how medical conditions, psychological disorders, and football exposure combinations are associated with former athletes reporting a premortem CTE diagnosis. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional cohort survey from 2015 to 2019 of 4033 former professional American-style football players. Demographics (age, race, domestic status, primary care recipient), football-related factors (position, years of professional play, burden of symptoms following head impacts, performance-enhancing drug use), and comorbidities (sleep apnea, psychological disorder status [depression and anxiety; either depression or anxiety; neither depression nor anxiety], diabetes mellitus, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, hypertension, heart conditions, high cholesterol, stroke, cancer, low testosterone, chronic pain, current and maximum body mass index) were recorded. A Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree model identified interactive effects between demographics, health conditions, and football exposures on the CTE diagnosis. RESULTS Depression showed the strongest univariate association with premortem CTE diagnoses (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0-15.3). CHAID differentiated participants with premortem CTE diagnoses with 98.2% accuracy and area under the curve = 0.81. Participants reporting both depression and anxiety were more likely to have a CTE diagnosis compared with participants who reported no psychological disorders (OR = 12.2; 95% CI 7.3-21.1) or one psychological disorder (OR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.9-13.0). Sleep apnea was also associated with a CTE diagnosis amongst those with both depression and anxiety (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.2). CONCLUSIONS Clinical phenotypes including psychological disorders and sleep apnea were strongly associated with an increased likelihood of having received a pre-mortem CTE diagnosis in former professional football players. Depression, anxiety, and sleep apnea produce cognitive symptoms, are treatable conditions, and should be distinguished from neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R Eagle
- University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David O Okonkwo
- University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao T, Miao H, Song Z, Li Y, Xia N, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Metformin alleviates the cognitive impairment induced by benzo[a]pyrene via glucolipid metabolism regulated by FTO/FoxO6 pathway in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:69192-69204. [PMID: 37133670 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is neurotoxic; however, the mechanism and prevention are still unclear. In this study, we assessed the intervention effect of metformin (MET) on cognitive dysfunction in mice induced by B[a]P from the perspective of glucolipid metabolism. Forty-two male healthy ICR mice were randomly categorized into 6 groups and were gavaged with B[a]P (0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg), 45 times for 90 days. The controls were gavaged with edible peanut oil, and the intervention groups were co-treated with B[a]P (10 mg/kg) and MET (200 or 300 mg/kg). We assessed the cognitive function of mice, observed the pathomorphological and ultrastructural changes, and detected neuronal apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism. Results showed that B[a]P dose-dependently induced cognitive impairment, neuronal damage, glucolipid metabolism disorder in mice, and enhanced proteins of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and forkhead box protein O6 (FoxO6) in the cerebral cortex and liver, which were alleviated by the MET intervention. The findings indicated the critical role of glucolipid metabolism disorder in the cognitive impairment in mice caused by B[a]P and the prevention of MET against B[a]P neurotoxicity by regulating glucolipid metabolism via restraining FTO/FoxO6 pathway. The finding provides a scientific basis for the neurotoxicity and prevention strategies of B[a]P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huide Miao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhanfei Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of High-Fat and High-Fat High-Sugar Diets in the Anxiety, Learning and Memory, and in the Hippocampus Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation of Aged Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061370. [PMID: 36986100 PMCID: PMC10053405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High-caloric diets induce several deleterious alterations in the human body, including the brain. However, information on the effects of these diets on the elderly brain is scarce. Therefore, we studied the effects of 2 months of treatment with high-fat (HF) and high-fat-high-sugar (HFHS) diets on aged male Wistar rats at 18 months. Anxiety levels were analyzed using the open-field and plus-maze tests, while learning and memory processes were analyzed using the Morris water maze test. We also analyzed neurogenesis using doublecortin (DCX) and neuroinflammation using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In aged rats, the HFHS diet impaired spatial learning, memory, and working memory and increased anxiety levels, associated with a reduction in the number of DCX cells and an increase in GFAP cells in the hippocampus. In contrast, the effects of the HF diet were lighter, impairing spatial memory and working memory, and associated with a reduction in DCX cells in the hippocampus. Thus, our results suggest that aged rats are highly susceptible to high-caloric diets, even if they only started in the elderly, with an impact on cognition and emotions. Furthermore, diets rich in saturated fats and sugar are more detrimental to aged rats than high-fat diets are.
Collapse
|
14
|
Montalban E, Giralt A, Taing L, Nakamura Y, Pelosi A, Brown M, de Pins B, Valjent E, Martin M, Nairn AC, Greengard P, Flajolet M, Herv D, Gambardella N, Roussarie JP, Girault JA. Operant training for highly palatable food alters translating mRNA in nucleus accumbens D2 neurons and reveals a modulatory role of Neurochondrin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531496. [PMID: 36945487 PMCID: PMC10028890 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly palatable food triggers behavioral alterations reminiscent of those induced by addictive drugs. These effects involve the reward system and dopamine neurons, which modulate neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of highly palatable food on feeding behavior are poorly understood. METHODS We studied the effects of 2-week operant conditioning of mice with standard or isocaloric highly palatable food. We investigated the behavioral effects and dendritic spine modifications in the NAc. We compared the translating mRNA in NAc neurons identified by the type of dopamine receptors they express, depending on the type of food and training. We tested the consequences of invalidation of an abundant downregulated gene, Ncdn (Neurochondrin). RESULTS Operant conditioning for highly palatable food increases motivation for food even in well-fed mice. In control mice, free access to regular or highly palatable food results in increased weight as compared to regular food only. Highly palatable food increases spine density in the NAc. In animals trained for highly palatable food, translating mRNAs are modified in NAc dopamine D2-receptor-expressing neurons, mostly corresponding to striatal projection neurons, but not in those expressing D1-receptors. Knock-out of Ncdn, an abundant down-regulated gene, opposes the conditioning-induced changes in satiety-sensitive feeding behavior and apparent motivation for highly palatable food, suggesting down-regulation may be a compensatory mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of mRNA alterations D2 striatal projection neurons in the NAc in the behavioral consequences of highly palatable food conditioning and suggest a modulatory contribution of Ncdn downregulation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Long-Term Ingestion of Sicilian Black Bee Chestnut Honey and/or D-Limonene Counteracts Brain Damage Induced by High Fat-Diet in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043467. [PMID: 36834882 PMCID: PMC9966634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to neurodegeneration, which is mainly caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. We analyzed whether the long-term intake of honey and/or D-limonene, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, when ingested separately or in combination, can counteract the neurodegeneration occurring in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After 10 weeks of HFD, mice were divided into: HFD-, HFD + honey (HFD-H)-, HFD + D-limonene (HFD-L)-, HFD + honey + D-limonene (HFD-H + L)-fed groups, for another 10 weeks. Another group was fed a standard diet (STD). We analyzed the brain neurodegeneration, inflammation, oxidative stress, and gene expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers. The HFD animals showed higher neuronal apoptosis, upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes Fas-L, Bim P27 and downregulation of anti-apoptotic factors BDNF and BCL2; increased gene expression of the pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and elevated oxidative stress markers COX-2, iNOS, ROS and nitrite. The honey and D-limonene intake counteracted these alterations; however, they did so in a stronger manner when in combination. Genes involved in amyloid plaque processing (APP and TAU), synaptic function (Ache) and AD-related hyperphosphorylation were higher in HFD brains, and significantly downregulated in HFD-H, HFD-L and HFD-H + L. These results suggest that honey and limonene ingestion counteract obesity-related neurodegeneration and that joint consumption is more efficacious than a single administration.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao TT, Zhang Y, Zhang CQ, Chang YF, Cui MR, Sun Y, Hao WQ, Yan YM, Gu S, Xie Y, Wei BB. Combined with UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS-based plasma lipidomics and molecular pharmacology reveals the mechanisms of schisandrin against Alzheimer's disease. Chin Med 2023; 18:11. [PMID: 36747236 PMCID: PMC9903588 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of neurodegeneration disease, is characterized by Aβ deposition and tangles of nerve fibers. Schisandrin is one of the main components of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis. Researches showed that schisandrin can improve the cognitive impairment and memory of AD mice, but the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible mechanism of schisandrin in improving AD pathology. METHODS The Morris water maze test was executed to detect spatial learning and memory. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-Triple time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS)-based plasma lipidomics was used to study the changes of plasma lipids. Moreover, we measured the levels of protein and mRNA expression of APOE and ABCA1 in the rat brains and in BV2 microglia. RESULTS Our study found that schisandrin could improve learning and memory, and reduce Aβ deposition in AD rats. Furthermore, we found that schisandrin can improve plasma lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized schisandrin might act via LXR and the docking results showed that schisandrin interacts with LXRβ. Further, we found schisandrin increased the protein and mRNA expression of LXR target genes APOE and ABCA1 in the brain of AD rats and in BV2 microglia. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of schisandrin improves AD pathology by activating LXR to produce APOE and ABCA1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-tian Zhao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-qin Zhang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-fei Chang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-rong Cui
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-qian Hao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-meng Yan
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Gu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xie
- Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, No.31 Stadium Road, Yichang, 443000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin-bin Wei
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Central Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao L, Xiang J, Liu X, Yang L, Wei Y, Fang S, Li J, Ye Y. Lipidomic changes of cerebral cortex in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 knock-in heterozygote mice after chronic alcohol exposure. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1053411. [PMID: 36743287 PMCID: PMC9893510 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1053411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol is the main legal drug in the world, and excessive consumption of alcohol seriously damages the morphological structure and function of various organs. The insufficiency of an essential enzyme in ethanol metabolism, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), will aggravate the alcohol-induced brain injury. The effect of ALDH2 after chronic alcohol exposure on global lipid profiling of the brain remains unclear. Methods In this study, ALDH2*2 knock-in mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol for 8 weeks. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde levels were examined, and the mice were tested through novel object recognition and the Y-maze test to evaluate cognitive impairment toward the end of the study. The lipidome profiling of cerebral cortex samples was investigated using a lipidomics method based on ultra-high performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOFMS). Results and Discussion Compared with similarly treated wild-type (WT) mice, ALDH2*2 mice exhibited poor cognitive performance, though the result did not achieve statistical significance. The lipidomics results indicated that 74 differential lipid species were selected in WT mice, of which 57 species were up-regulated, and 17 were down-regulated. Moreover, 99 differential lipids were identified in ALDH2*2 mice, of which 73 were up-regulated, and 26 were down-regulated. For ALDH2*2 mice, the number of changed significantly glycerophospholipids (GPs) subtypes was lower than that of WT mice. Interestingly, compared with WT mice, a lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was found in ALDH2*2 mice. Collectively, the results provide clear evidence for a lipidomic signature of marked changes in the cerebral cortex of ALDH2*2 mice after chronic alcohol exposure. Highlights • The cerebral cortex of heterozygous ALDH2*2 mice showed more significant changes in lipidome profiles after chronic alcohol exposure than wild-type mice.• Most lipids were significantly up-regulated in both groups of mice, whereas the increase in TAG was restricted to WT mice.• For ALDH2*2 mice, GPs substances changed significantly, and SHexCer and SM subclasses in sphingolipids also deserved attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyong Fang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yi Ye, ✉
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Miyazaki T, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Comprehensive behavioral study of C57BL/6.KOR-ApoE shl mice. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220284. [PMID: 37396111 PMCID: PMC10314129 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive dysfunction in elderly individuals. There have been extensive studies on behavioral abnormalities in ApoE-deficient (Apoeshl) mice, which have been described as AD mouse models. Spontaneously hyperlipidemic mice were discovered in 1999 as ApoE-deficient mice due to ApoE gene mutations. However, behavioral abnormalities in commercially available Apoeshl mice remain unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the behavioral abnormalities of Apoeshl mice. Results Apoeshl mice showed decreased motor skill learning and increased anxiety-like behavior toward heights. Apoeshl mice did not show abnormal behavior in the Y-maze test, open-field test, light/dark transition test, and passive avoidance test. Conclusion Our findings suggest the utility of Apoeshl mice in investigating the function of ApoE in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miyazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Zhao W, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Dai M, Hai S, Ge N, Zhang S, Huang M, Liu X, Li S, Yue J, Lei P, Dong B, Dai L, Dong B. Systematic metabolic characterization of mental disorders reveals age‐related metabolic disturbances as potential risk factors for depression in older adults. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e165. [PMID: 36204590 PMCID: PMC9523679 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are associated with dysregulated metabolism, but comprehensive investigations of their metabolic similarities and differences and their clinical relevance are few. Here, based on the plasma metabolome and lipidome of subcohort1, comprising 100 healthy participants, 55 cases with anxiety, 52 persons with depression, and 41 individuals with comorbidity, which are from WCHAT, a perspective cohort study of community‐dwelling older adults aged over 50, multiple metabolites as potential risk factors of mental disorders were identified. Furthermore, participants with mental illnesses were classified into three subtypes (S1, S2, and S3) by unsupervised classification with lipidomic data. Among them, S1 showed higher triacylglycerol and lower sphingomyelin, while S2 displayed opposite features. The metabolic profile of S3 was like that of the normal group. Compared with S3, individuals in S1 and S2 had worse quality of life, and suffered more from sleep and cognitive disorders. Notably, an assessment of 6,467 individuals from the WCHAT showed an age‐related increase in the incidence of depression. Seventeen depression‐related metabolites were significantly correlated with age, which were validated in an independent subcohort2. Collectively, this work highlights the clinical relevance of metabolic perturbation in mental disorders, and age‐related metabolic disturbances may be a bridge‐linking aging and depressive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Miao Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shan Hai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ning Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mingjin Huang
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang Sichuan Mental Health Center Mianyang China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Peng Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kapoor B, Gulati M, Rani P, Kochhar RS, Atanasov AG, Gupta R, Sharma D, Kapoor D. Lycopene: Sojourn from kitchen to an effective therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Biofactors 2022; 49:208-227. [PMID: 36318372 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reports on a significant positive correlation between consumption of carotenoid-rich food and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to the investigation of carotenoids for the treatment and prevention of AD. More than 1100 types of carotenoids are found naturally, out of which only around 50 are absorbed and metabolized in human body. Lycopene is one of the most commonly ingested members of fat-soluble carotenoid family that gives vegetables and fruits their red, yellow, or orange color. Lycopene has established itself as a promising therapy for AD owing to its neuroprotective activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic properties. In this review, we highlight the various in vitro and preclinical studies demonstrating the neuroprotective effect of lycopene. Also, some epidemiological and interventional studies investigating the protective effect of lycopene in AD have been discussed. Diving deeper, we also discuss various significant mechanisms, through which lycopene exerts its remissive effects in AD. Finally, to overcome the issue of poor chemical stability and bioavailability of lycopene, some of the novel delivery systems developed for lycopene have also been briefly highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pooja Rani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Kapoor
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Punjab State Council for Science & Technology (PSCST), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Manuel Sánchez DM, Limón D, Silva Gómez AB. Obese male Zucker rats exhibit dendritic remodeling in neurons of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit as well as spatial memory deficits. Hippocampus 2022; 32:828-838. [PMID: 36177907 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation. The Zucker rat displays genetic obesity due to a mutation in the leptin receptor gene; this model is of great interest because of its similarity to human obesity. Brain regions may be affected by obesity, but detailed information is lacking. In the present study, we analyzed the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit as well as the spatial memory of obese Zucker rats. We performed two experiments. Each experiment contained two experimental groups: the control group (male Long Evans rats) and the study group (obese male Zucker rats). We monitored the body weights of all rats over 4 weeks. In the first experiment, we analyzed the morphology of hippocampal neurons. Under anesthesia, we measured the abdominal and hip circumferences and collected at least 1 ml of blood to assess serum glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TGC), and cholesterol (COL) concentrations. We perfused the brains of these rats with 0.9% saline solution, incubated the brains in Golgi-Cox solution, and subsequently evaluated the morphology of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus (the CA1-CA3 regions) and the entorhinal cortex as well as the morphology of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus. In the second experiment, we assessed the spatial memory of animals with the Morris water maze. The Zucker rats had an obese phenotype, as indicated by their elevated body weight and increased abdominal and hip circumferences as well as elevated GLU, COL, and TGC concentrations. Analysis of neurons from the specified regions in obese male Zucker rats indicated reduced dendritic arborization and reduced dendritic spine density. In terms of spatial learning and memory, the obese Zucker rats exhibited intact spatial learning (i.e., of platform location) but deficits in spatial memory. These data provide evidence that obesity alters the morphology and function of hippocampal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulce María Manuel Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Berenice Silva Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choneva M, Shishmanova-Doseva M, Dimov I, Boyanov K, Dimitrov I, Vlaykova T, Georgieva K, Hrischev P, Bivolarska A. Xylooligosaccharides and aerobic training regulate metabolism and behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1632-1644. [PMID: 36329786 PMCID: PMC9579861 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized with decreased microbial diversity. Gut microbiota is essential for the normal physiological functioning of many organs, especially the brain. Prebiotics are selectively fermentable oligosaccharides [xylooligosaccharides (XOS), galactooligosaccharides, etc.] that promote the growth and activity of gut microbes and influence the gut-brain axis. Aerobic exercise is a non-pharmacological approach for the control of diabetes and could improve cognitive functions. The potential beneficial effect of XOS and/or aerobic training on cognition, the lipid profile and oxidative stress markers of experimental rats were evaluated in this study. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups and a control group. Some of the rats, either on a XOS treatment or a standard diet, underwent aerobic training. The results showed that the aerobic training independently lowered the total cholesterol levels compared to the sedentary diabetic rats (p = 0.032), while XOS lowers the malondialdehyde levels in the trained diabetic rats (p = 0.034). What is more the exercise, independently or in combination with XOS beneficially affected all parameters of the behavioral tests. We conclude that aerobic exercises alone or in a combination with the prebiotic XOS could ameliorate the dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and cognitive abilities in experimental type 1 diabetic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Choneva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Michaela Shishmanova-Doseva
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Ivica Dimov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Boyanov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Dimitrov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Katerina Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Hrischev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15 A, Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Associations among drinking water quality, dyslipidemia, and cognitive function for older adults in China: evidence from CHARLS. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:683. [PMID: 35982405 PMCID: PMC9386986 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to examine the association between drinking water quality and cognitive function and to identify the direct and indirect effects of drinking water quality and dyslipidemia on cognitive function among older adults in China. METHODS Primary data for the study were selected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2015) and 4,951 respondents aged 60 and above were included. Data on drinking water quality were selected from the 2015 prefectural water quality data from the Institute of Public and Environment Affairs in China and measured by the Blue City Water Quality Index. Dyslipidemia was measured by self-reported dyslipidemia diagnosis and lipid panel. Three composite measures of cognitive function included mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition. Mixed effects models were conducted to assess the associations between drinking water quality or dyslipidemia and cognitive function. The mediation effects of dyslipidemia were examined by path analyses. RESULTS Exposure to high quality drinking water was significantly associated with higher scores in mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition (β = 0.34, p < 0.001 for mental status; β = 0.24, p < 0.05 for episodic memory; β = 0.58, p < 0.01 for global cognition). Respondents who reported dyslipidemia diagnosis had higher scores in the three composite measures of cognitive function (β = 0.39, p < 0.001 for mental status; β = 0.27 p < 0.05 for episodic memory; β = 0.66, p < 0.001 for global cognition). An elevated blood triglycerides was only associated with higher scores in mental status (β = 0.21, p < 0.05). Self-reported dyslipidemia diagnosis was a suppressor, which increased the magnitude of the direct effect of drinking water quality on mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition. CONCLUSION Drinking water quality was associated with cognitive function in older Chinese and the relationship was independent of natural or socioeconomic variations in neighborhood environments. Improving drinking water quality could be a potential public health effort to delay the onset of cognitive impairment and prevent the dementia pandemic in older people.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Q, Jin K, Chen B, Liu R, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Lu J. Overnutrition Induced Cognitive Impairment: Insulin Resistance, Gut-Brain Axis, and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884579. [PMID: 35873818 PMCID: PMC9298971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition-related obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence is expected to steadily rise in the future. It is widely recognized that obesity exerts negative impacts on metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. However, relatively fewer reports exist on the impairment of brain structure and function, in the form of memory and executive dysfunction, as well as neurogenerative diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that besides obesity, overnutrition diets independently induce cognitive impairments via multiple mechanisms. In this study, we reviewed the clinical and preclinical literature about the detrimental effects of obesity or high-nutrition diets on cognitive performance and cerebral structure. We mainly focused on the role of brain insulin resistance (IR), microbiota-gut-brain axis, and neuroinflammation. We concluded that before the onset of obesity, short-term exposure to high-nutrition diets already blunted central responses to insulin, altered gut microbiome composition, and activated inflammatory mediators. Overnutrition is linked with the changes in protein expression in brain insulin signaling, leading to pathological features in the brain. Microbiome alteration, bacterial endotoxin release, and gut barrier hyperpermeability also occur to trigger mental and neuronal diseases. In addition, obesity or high-nutrition diets cause chronic and low-grade systematic inflammation, which eventually spreads from the peripheral tissue to the central nervous system (CNS). Altogether, a large number of unknown but potential routes interact and contribute to obesity or diet-induced cognitive impairment. The challenge for future research is to identify effective interventions involving dietary shifts and personalized therapy targeting the underlying mechanisms to prevent and improve cognition deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ripeng Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangping Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mezo-González CE, Daher Abdi A, Reyes-Castro LA, Olvera Hernández S, Almeida C, Croyal M, Aguesse A, Gavioli EC, Zambrano E, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Learning Deficits Induced by High-Calorie Feeding in the Rat are Associated With Impaired Brain Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221111116. [PMID: 35846874 PMCID: PMC9277427 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to be a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular
disease, obesity is associated with learning disabilities. Here we examined
whether a dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp)
metabolism might underlie the learning deficits exhibited by obese individuals.
The KP is initiated by the enzymatic conversion of Trp into kynurenine (KYN) by
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). KYN is further converted to several signaling
molecules including quinolinic acid (QA) which has a negative impact on
learning. Wistar rats were fed either standard chow or made obese by exposure to
a free choice high-fat high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet. Their learning capacities were
evaluated using a combination of the novel object recognition and the novel
object location tasks, and the concentrations of Trp and KYN-derived metabolites
in several brain regions determined by ultra-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Male, but not female, obese rats
exhibited reduced learning capacity characterized by impaired encoding along
with increased hippocampal concentrations of QA, Xanthurenic acid (XA),
Nicotinamide (Nam), and oxidized Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+). In
contrast, no differences were detected in the serum levels of Trp or KP
metabolites. Moreover, obesity enhanced the expression in the hippocampus and
frontal cortex of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme involved in the
production of QA from kynurenine. QA stimulates the glutamatergic system and its
increased production leads to cognitive impairment. These results suggest that
the deleterious effects of obesity on cognition are sex dependent and that
altered KP metabolism might contribute to obesity-associated learning
disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amran Daher Abdi
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes-Castro
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France.,Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Sandra Olvera Hernández
- UMR Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRAE - Université de Nantes, Nantes France.,Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Clarissa Almeida
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | | | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunity are essential for neurodevelopment and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis; however, the fragile equilibrium between immune and brain cells can be disturbed by any immune dysregulation and cause detrimental effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that, despite the blood-brain barrier (BBB), overactivation of the immune system leads to brain vulnerability that increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly upon subsequent exposure later in life. Disruption of microglial function in later life can be triggered by various environmental and psychological factors, including obesity-driven chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Increased visceral adiposity has been recognized as an important risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. The review aims to present our current understanding of the topic.
Collapse
|
27
|
Targeting the TLR4/NF-κΒ Axis and NLRP1/3 Inflammasomes by Rosuvastatin: A Role in Impeding Ovariectomy-Induced Cognitive Decline Neuropathology in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4562-4577. [PMID: 35578102 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal hormone-related cognitive decline has gained an immense interest to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapies. The current work aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of rosuvastatin (ROS) on the cognitive decline induced by ovariectomy in rats. Four groups were used as follows: control group, control + rosuvastatin, ovariectomy, and ovariectomy + rosuvastatin. After sham operation or ovariectomy, rats were given saline or oral dosages of ROS (2 mg/kg) every day for 30 days. The cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze paradigm, Y-maze test, and new object recognition test. After rat killing, TLR4, caspase-8, and NLRP mRNA expression and protein levels of ASC, AIM2, caspase-1, NLRP1, and PKR were measured in hippocampus. This was complemented by the estimation of tissue content of NF-κΒ, IL-1β, and IL-18 and serum lipid profile quantification. Rosuvastatin showed a promising potential for halting the cognitive impairments induced by estrogen decline through interfering with the TLR4/NF-κΒ/NLRP1/3 axis and inflammasomes activation and the subsequent pyroptosis. This was complemented by the amendment in the deranged lipid profile. Rosuvastatin may exert a beneficial role in attenuating the inflammatory and apoptotic signaling mechanisms associated with postmenopausal cognitive decline. Further investigations are needed to unveil the relationship between deranged plasma lipids and cognitive function.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lord J, Green R, Choi SW, Hübel C, Aarsland D, Velayudhan L, Sham P, Legido-Quigley C, Richards M, Dobson R, Proitsi P. Disentangling Independent and Mediated Causal Relationships Between Blood Metabolites, Cognitive Factors, and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:167-179. [PMID: 36325159 PMCID: PMC9616368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Education and cognition demonstrate consistent inverse associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological underpinnings, however, remain unclear. Blood metabolites reflect the end point of biological processes and are accessible and malleable. Identifying metabolites with etiological relevance to AD and disentangling how these relate to cognitive factors along the AD causal pathway could, therefore, offer unique insights into underlying causal mechanisms. Methods Using data from the largest metabolomics genome-wide association study (N ≈ 24,925) and three independent AD cohorts (N = 4725), cross-trait polygenic scores were generated and meta-analyzed. Metabolites genetically associated with AD were taken forward for causal analyses. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization interrogated univariable causal relationships between 1) metabolites and AD; 2) education and cognition; 3) metabolites, education, and cognition; and 4) education, cognition, and AD. Mediating relationships were computed using multivariable Mendelian randomization. Results Thirty-four metabolites were genetically associated with AD at p < .05. Of these, glutamine and free cholesterol in extra-large high-density lipoproteins demonstrated a protective causal effect (glutamine: 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 0.92; free cholesterol in extra-large high-density lipoproteins: 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.92). An AD-protective effect was also observed for education (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.85) and cognition (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.89), with bidirectional mediation evident. Cognition as a mediator of the education-AD relationship was stronger than vice versa, however. No evidence of mediation via any metabolite was found. Conclusions Glutamine and free cholesterol in extra-large high-density lipoproteins show protective causal effects on AD. Education and cognition also demonstrate protection, though education's effect is almost entirely mediated by cognition. These insights provide key pieces of the AD causal puzzle, important for informing future multimodal work and progressing toward effective intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Lord
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Green
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shing Wan Choi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dobson
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Obesity-Related Brain Cholinergic System Impairment in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061243. [PMID: 35334899 PMCID: PMC8948807 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between obesity and cerebral health is receiving growing recognition. Here, we investigate in the frontal cortex and hippocampus the potential involvement of cholinergic markers in brain alterations previously reported in rats with obesity induced by diet (DIO) after long-term exposure (17 weeks) to a high-fat diet (HFD) in comparison with animals fed with a standard diet (CHOW). The obesity developed after 5 weeks of HFD. Bodyweight, systolic blood pressure, glycemia, and insulin levels were increased in DIO rats compared to the CHOW group. Measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA) provided lipid peroxidation in HFD-fed rats. Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques were performed. Our results showed a higher expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in obese rats but not the VAChT expression in the frontal cortex after 17 weeks of HFD. Furthermore, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme was downregulated in HFD both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. In the brain regions analyzed, it was reported a modulation of certain cholinergic receptors expressed pre- and post-synaptically (alpha7 nicotinic receptor and muscarinic receptor subtype 1). Collectively, these findings point out precise changes of cholinergic markers that can be targeted to prevent cerebral injuries related to obesity.
Collapse
|
30
|
Vesga-Jiménez DJ, Martin C, Barreto GE, Aristizábal-Pachón AF, Pinzón A, González J. Fatty Acids: An Insight into the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2577. [PMID: 35269720 PMCID: PMC8910658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common lipids in the human body is palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid with essential functions in brain cells. PA is used by cells as an energy source, besides being a precursor of signaling molecules and protein tilting across the membrane. Although PA plays physiological functions in the brain, its excessive accumulation leads to detrimental effects on brain cells, causing lipotoxicity. This mechanism involves the activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways, with the consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy impairment. Importantly, some of the cellular changes induced by PA lead to an augmented susceptibility to the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson´s diseases. Considering the complexity of the response to PA and the intrinsic differences of the brain, in this review, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular effects of PA on different brain cells and their possible relationships with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Furthermore, we propose the use of other fatty acids, such as oleic acid or linoleic acid, as potential therapeutic approaches against NDs, as these fatty acids can counteract PA's negative effects on cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Julián Vesga-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia; (D.J.V.-J.); (A.F.A.-P.)
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - Cynthia Martin
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrés Felipe Aristizábal-Pachón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia; (D.J.V.-J.); (A.F.A.-P.)
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia; (D.J.V.-J.); (A.F.A.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang M, Zhu Y, Zhu Z. Research advances in the influence of lipid metabolism on cognitive impairment. IBRAIN 2022; 10:83-92. [PMID: 38682015 PMCID: PMC11045198 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a mental disorder related to cognition and understanding, which is mainly categorized into mild CI and senile dementia. This disease is associated with multiple factors, such as chronic brain injury, aging, chronic systemic disease, mental state, and psychological factors. However, the pathological mechanism of CI remains unclear; it is usually associated with such underlying diseases as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. It has been demonstrated that abundant lipid metabolism indexes in the human body are closely related to CI, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein, and so forth. As a crucial risk factor for CI, hyperlipidemia is of great significance in the occurrence and development of CI. However, the specific correlation between dyslipidemia and CI is still not fully elucidated. Besides, the efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs in the prophylaxis and treatment of CI has not been clarified. In this study, relevant advances in the influence of lipid metabolism disorders in CI will be reviewed, in an attempt to explore the effect of mediating blood lipid levels on the prophylaxis and treatment of CI, thus providing a reference for its clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Suining Central HospitalSuiningSichuanChina
| | - Yu‐Hang Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paasila PJ, Aramideh JA, Sutherland GT, Graeber MB. Synapses, Microglia, and Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:778822. [PMID: 35095394 PMCID: PMC8789683 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.778822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by synaptic dysfunction accompanied by the microscopically visible accumulation of pathological protein deposits and cellular dystrophy involving both neurons and glia. Late-stage AD shows pronounced loss of synapses and neurons across several differentially affected brain regions. Recent studies of advanced AD using post-mortem brain samples have demonstrated the direct involvement of microglia in synaptic changes. Variants of the Apolipoprotein E and Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells gene represent important determinants of microglial activity but also of lipid metabolism in cells of the central nervous system. Here we review evidence that may help to explain how abnormal lipid metabolism, microglial activation, and synaptic pathophysiology are inter-related in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Paasila
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason A. Aramideh
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg T. Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuel B. Graeber
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Parent MB, Higgs S, Cheke LG, Kanoski SE. Memory and eating: A bidirectional relationship implicated in obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:110-129. [PMID: 34813827 PMCID: PMC8816841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between memory and eating in humans and rodents. In humans, amnesia is associated with impaired processing of hunger and satiety cues, disrupted memory of recent meals, and overconsumption. In healthy participants, meal-related memory limits subsequent ingestive behavior and obesity is associated with impaired memory and disturbances in the hippocampus. Evidence from rodents suggests that dorsal hippocampal neural activity contributes to the ability of meal-related memory to control future intake, that endocrine and neuropeptide systems act in the ventral hippocampus to provide cues regarding energy status and regulate learned aspects of eating, and that consumption of hypercaloric diets and obesity disrupt these processes. Collectively, this evidence indicates that diet-induced obesity may be caused and/or maintained, at least in part, by a vicious cycle wherein excess intake disrupts hippocampal functioning, which further increases intake. This perspective may advance our understanding of how the brain controls eating, the neural mechanisms that contribute to eating-related disorders, and identify how to treat diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, United States,Corresponding author: Marise B. Parent, , Georgia State University, PO Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, USA. Fax: 404-413-5446
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy G. Cheke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB United Kingdom
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yan X, Meng T, Liu H, Liu J, Du J, Chang C. The Association Between the Duration, Treatment, Control of Hypertension and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Case-Control Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:585-595. [PMID: 35342291 PMCID: PMC8942123 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s353164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of hypertension in China is causally related to cognitive impairment. However, there is a dearth of information available regarding important factors for the association, including disease duration, therapeutic options, and risk factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with hypertension. METHODS We selected a diverse cohort of 572 patients with hypertension and assessed cognitive function using MoCA. Potential risk factors were investigated by a structured questionnaire. Risk factors associated with the hypertension-induced MCI occurring conversion of were analyzed using multifactorial regression analysis. RESULTS MCI was observed in 256 of 572 individuals, which increased with age (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.20), but was decreased with high education status (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.32-0.71). Risk factors independently associated with MCI were diabetes (OR=2.40, 95% CI 1.53-3.76), hyperlipidemia (OR=1.49, 95%=1.01-2.16), high salt diet (OR=2.27, 95% CI 1.34-3.84), and physical activity:>2h/week (OR=0.65, 95%0.44-0.94). However, controlling blood pressure to "normal" target values helped decrease the incidence of MCI (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.30-0.65): this was not age dependent. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that it is necessary to promote the education of the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population to correctly and effectively use anti-hypertensives to control hypertension to a normal range to prevent cognitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Yan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cognitive Impairment Research, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Impairment Research, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Impairment Research, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Buchanan H, Hull C, Cacho Barraza M, Delibegovic M, Platt B. Apolipoprotein E loss of function: Influence on murine brain markers of physiology and pathology. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100055. [PMID: 36908879 PMCID: PMC9997145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical role of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism, however, additional functions of this protein have not been fully described. Given the association of ApoE with diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), it is clear that further characterisation of its roles, especially within the brain, is needed. Therefore, using protein and gene expression analyses of neonatal and 6-month old brain tissues from an ApoE knockout mouse model, we examined ApoE's contribution to several CNS pathways, with an emphasis on those linked to AD. Early neonatal changes associated with ApoE-/- were observed, with decreased soluble phosphorylated tau (p-tau, -40 %), increased synaptophysin (+36 %) and microglial Iba1 protein levels (+25 %) vs controls. Progression of the phenotype was evident upon analysis of 6-month-old tissue, where decreased p-tau was also confirmed in the insoluble fraction, alongside reduced synaptic and increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein levels. An age comparison further underlined deviations from WT animals and thus the impact of ApoE loss on neuronal maturation. Taken together, our data implicate ApoE modulation of multiple CNS roles. Loss of function is associated with alterations from birth, and include synaptic deficits, neuroinflammation, and changes to key AD pathologies, amyloid-β and tau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bettina Platt
- Corresponding author at: Chair in Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Siervo M, Shannon OM, Llewellyn DJ, Stephan BC, Fontana L. Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: From methodology to mechanisms of action. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:105-117. [PMID: 34562607 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), rich in minimally processed plant foods and fish, has been widely recognized to be one of the healthiest diets. Data from multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated its powerful effect against oxidative stress, inflammation and the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic conditions that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The protecting effects of the MedDiet against cognitive decline have been investigated in several observational and experimental studies. Data from observational studies suggest that the MedDiet may represent an effective dietary strategy for the early prevention of dementia, although these findings require further substantiation in clinical trials which have so far produced inconclusive results. Moreover, as we discuss in this review, accumulating data emphasizes the importance of: 1) maintaining an optimal nutritional and metabolic status for the promotion of healthy cognitive aging, and 2) implementing cognition-sparing dietary and lifestyle interventions during early time-sensitive windows before the pathological cascades turn into an irreversible state. In summary, components of the MedDiet pattern, such as essential fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamins, have been associated with reduced oxidative stress and the current evidence from observational studies seems to assign to the MedDiet a beneficial role in promoting brain health; however, results from clinical trials have been inconsistent. While we advocate for longitudinal analyses and for larger and longer clinical trials to be conducted, we assert our interim support to the use of the MedDiet as a protective dietary intervention for cognitive function based on its proven cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David J Llewellyn
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK; Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Frausto DM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Voigt RM. Dietary Regulation of Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Importance of Microbiota Metabolites. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:736814. [PMID: 34867153 PMCID: PMC8639879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts 45 million people worldwide and is ranked as the 6th top cause of death among all adults by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While genetics is an important risk factor for the development of AD, environment and lifestyle are also contributing risk factors. One such environmental factor is diet, which has emerged as a key influencer of AD development/progression as well as cognition. Diets containing large quantities of saturated/trans-fats, refined carbohydrates, limited intake of fiber, and alcohol are associated with cognitive dysfunction while conversely diets low in saturated/trans-fats (i.e., bad fats), high mono/polyunsaturated fats (i.e., good fats), high in fiber and polyphenols are associated with better cognitive function and memory in both humans and animal models. Mechanistically, this could be the direct consequence of dietary components (lipids, vitamins, polyphenols) on the brain, but other mechanisms are also likely to be important. Diet is considered to be the single greatest factor influencing the intestinal microbiome. Diet robustly influences the types and function of micro-organisms (called microbiota) that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Availability of different types of nutrients (from the diet) will favor or disfavor the abundance and function of certain groups of microbiota. Microbiota are highly metabolically active and produce many metabolites and other factors that can affect the brain including cognition and the development and clinical progression of AD. This review summarizes data to support a model in which microbiota metabolites influence brain function and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M. Frausto
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The potential roles of excitatory-inhibitory imbalances and the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor in aging and aging-associated diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 117:103683. [PMID: 34775008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to the central excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance are thought to be related to aging and underlie a host of neural pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease. Aging may induce an increase in excitatory signaling, causing an E/I imbalance, which has been linked to shorter lifespans in mice, flies, and worms. In humans, extended longevity correlates to greater repression of genes involved in excitatory neurotransmission. The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a master regulator in neural cells and is believed to be upregulated with senescent stimuli, whereupon it counters hyperexcitability, insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway activity, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. This review examines the putative mechanisms that distort the E/I balance with aging and neurodegeneration, and the putative roles of REST in maintaining neuronal homeostasis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Guan LY, Hou WL, Zhu ZH, Cao JQ, Tang Z, Yin XY, Xu DW, Yu X, Jia QF, Tang WJ, Zhang JP, Hui L. Associations among gonadal hormone, triglycerides and cognitive decline in female patients with major depressive disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:580-586. [PMID: 33213891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment has been identified as a core feature of depression. Serum triglycerides (TG), gonadal hormone and sex difference were shown to influence cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among serum TG, gonadal hormone, sex difference and cognitive performance in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). METHODS The enrolled 183 patients (male/female = 80/103) meeting DSM-IV criteria for MDD were divided into high TG group (patients-HTG) and normal TG group (patients-NTG) according to TG level. Serum TG, estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels were measured by the glycerokinase peroxidase-peroxidase and chemiluminescence methods. Cognition was assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The study was conducted between August 2016 and January 2020. RESULTS In female, patients-HTG had lower immediate memory, language, attention, delayed memory and RBANS total scores than patients-NTG after adjusting for covariates. There were significant differences in serum E2 and T levels between patients-HTG and patients-NTG in female after controlling for covariates. In female patients-HTG, serum E2 level was positively associated with immediate memory, delayed memory and RBANS total scores, and serum T level was positively related to immediate memory, language and RBANS total scores. These findings were not seen in male patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that patients-HTG exhibited poorer cognitive function compared with patients-NTG in female. Moreover, the decline in serum gonadal hormone level might contribute to the high TG development of female MDD, and was further implicated in their cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang Guan
- School of Mental Health, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, PR China; Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Long Hou
- School of Mental Health, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, PR China; Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Hua Zhu
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Qi Cao
- School of Mental Health, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, PR China; Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xu Yuan Yin
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dong Wu Xu
- School of Mental Health, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Mental Health, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Qiu Fang Jia
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Jie Tang
- School of Mental Health, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, PR China; Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10605, USA
| | - Li Hui
- School of Mental Health, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, PR China; Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sarangi M, Dus M. Crème de la Créature: Dietary Influences on Behavior in Animal Models. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:746299. [PMID: 34658807 PMCID: PMC8511460 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.746299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, alterations in cognitive, motivated, and affective behaviors have been described with consumption of processed diets high in refined sugars and saturated fats and with high body mass index, but the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of these changes remain poorly understood. Animal models have provided an opportunity to answer these questions and illuminate the ways in which diet composition, especially high-levels of added sugar and saturated fats, contribute to brain physiology, plasticity, and behavior. Here we review findings from invertebrate (flies) and vertebrate models (rodents, zebrafish) that implicate these diets with changes in multiple behaviors, including eating, learning and memory, and motivation, and discuss limitations, open questions, and future opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Sarangi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Monica Dus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wahid RM, Samy W, El-Sayed SF. Cognitive impairment in obese rat model: role of glial cells. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2191-2196. [PMID: 34140627 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide problem. Some studies revealed that it leads to deterioration of the cognitive function, regardless of age. AIM OF THE STUDY explore the effect of obesity on cognitive function in a rat model of obesity highlighting the role of glial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS twenty adult male albino rats were assigned to two groups: group I: consumed normal diet, group II: consumed high-fat diet. Body Mass Index (BMI), serum glucose, insulin, HOMA IR and lipid profile were measured. Also, hippocampal expression of Brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), synapsin, Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba), nuclear factor erythroid -related factor 2 (Nrf2), Myelin basic protein (Mbp) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Morris Water Maze is a test used to assess spatial learning and memory capacities of rats. RESULTS There was a high significant increase in lipid profile, serum glucose, insulin serum levels and HOMA-IR in obese groups with impaired Morris water maze performance compared to control group. There was a significant downregulation in hippocampal Bdnf and synapsin mRNA expression. In addition to decrease in Mbp mRNA expression (P < 0.001). This could be explained by oxidative stress through significant downregulation of Nrf2 mRNA, and inflammation observed in significant upregulation Iba mRNA gene expression in the obese group. CONCLUSION Many factors contribute to obesity associated cognitive impairment. In our study, we figured out the crucial roles of glial cells including microglial activation and oligodendrocytes affection with other underlying mechanisms including oxidative stress and hippocampal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Wahid
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sherein F El-Sayed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Martinelli I, Tomassoni D, Roy P, Amenta F, Tayebati SK. Altered Brain Cholinergic and Synaptic Markers in Obese Zucker Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102528. [PMID: 34685507 PMCID: PMC8534069 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obesity and loss of cognitive performance has been recognized. Although there are data regarding the metabolic alterations in obese conditions and the development of neuroinflammation, no clear evidence concerning obesity-related cholinergic and synaptic impairments in the frontal cortex and hippocampus has been reported yet. Here, we investigate different cholinergic and synaptic markers in 12-, 16-, and 20-week-old obese Zucker rats (OZRs) compared with lean littermate rats (LZRs), using immunochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Consequently, OZRs showed body weight gain, hypertension, and dysmetabolism. In 20-week-old OZRs, the reduction of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) occurred both in the frontal cortex and in the hippocampus, suggesting a cognitive dysfunction due to obesity and aging. Among the muscarinic receptors analyzed, the level of expression of type 1 (mAChR1) was lower in the hippocampus of the older OZRs. Finally, we showed synaptic dysfunctions in OZRs, with a reduction of synaptophysin (SYP) and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B) in 20-week-old OZRs, both in the frontal cortex and in the hippocampus. Taken together, our data suggest specific alterations of cholinergic and synaptic markers that can be targeted to prevent cognitive deficits related to obesity and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (I.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (I.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (I.M.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ebrahim HA, El-Gamal R, Sherif RN. Intermittent Fasting Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Cerebellar Changes in Rats: Involvement of TNFα, autophagy and oxidative stress. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:351-367. [PMID: 34551416 DOI: 10.1159/000519088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania N Sherif
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Short-term high-fat diet induces cognitive decline, aggression, and anxiety-like behavior in adult zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110288. [PMID: 33626334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with high prevalence and defined by a high body mass index (BMI). Several comorbidities affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with obesity (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive deficit, and psychobehavioral disturbs). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been considered a suitable model organism to investigate the neurobehavioral features of various human diseases. Here, we verify the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the CNS by specifically assessing the effects of short-term HFD on anxiety-like responses, aggression, social preference, and memory, which are essential behaviors for survival and reproduction. Animals were separated in three experimental groups. The standard diet group (SD) received 7.5 mg/fish of dry food, while HFD groups received 5 mg/fish dry food plus 7.5 (HFD-7.5) or 15 mg/fish (HFD-15) of chicken egg yolk daily. Dietary fat content (w/w) was approximately 6.5%, 16.9%, and 21.1%, respectively. We performed behavioral tests and morphometric analyses after two weeks of HFD. In comparison to SD animals, HFD groups showed typical obesogenic responses with increases in BMI, abdominal length, and body weight. HFD individuals also showed increased aggression and anxiety-like behaviors in the mirror-induced aggression and novel tank diving tests, respectively. Interestingly, HFD did not change the social preference behavior, mean swimming speed or spontaneous activity levels, while the HFD-15 group showed cognitive deficits in the inhibitory avoidance test. Collectively, this "proof-of-concept" study is the first report to characterize the effects of short-term HFD on different behavioral domains of zebrafish with high degree of face validity. Moreover, our data reinforce the growing utility of zebrafish to explore the neurobehavioral basis of obesity, providing clinically translatable data, complementing the existing rodent models and supporting future mechanistic studies.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sharma S. High fat diet and its effects on cognitive health: alterations of neuronal and vascular components of brain. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113528. [PMID: 34260890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W2Y2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dimache AM, Șalaru DL, Sascău R, Stătescu C. The Role of High Triglycerides Level in Predicting Cognitive Impairment: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:2118. [PMID: 34203094 PMCID: PMC8234148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cognitive disorders is huge and still growing, however the etiology and the degree of cognitive impairment vary considerably. Neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms were most frequently assessed in patients with dementia. Recent studies have shown the possible involvement of triglycerides levels in cognitive function through putative mechanisms such as brain blood barrier dysfunction or amyloid metabolism imbalance, but not all research in the field found this association. Several clinical studies evaluated the relationship between different forms of cognitive decline and levels of serum triglycerides, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. This review focuses on the role of triglycerides in cognitive decline, cerebral amyloidosis and vascular impairment. Considering that the management of hypertriglyceridemia benefits from lifestyle modification, diet, and specific drug therapy, future studies are requested to appraise the triglycerides-cognitive impairment relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Mihaela Dimache
- Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Department of Chronic Diseases, Hospital of Chronic Diseases Târgu Frumos, 705300 Iași, Romania;
| | - Delia Lidia Șalaru
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Sascău
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kendig MD, Leigh SJ, Morris MJ. Unravelling the impacts of western-style diets on brain, gut microbiota and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:233-243. [PMID: 34153343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The steady rise in the prevalence of obesity has been fostered by modern environments that reduce energy expenditure and encourage consumption of 'western'-style diets high in fat and sugar. Obesity has been consistently associated with impairments in executive function and episodic memory, while emerging evidence indicates that high-fat, high-sugar diets can impair aspects of cognition within days, even when provided intermittently. Here we review the detrimental effects of diet and obesity on cognition and the role of inflammatory and circulating factors, compromised blood-brain barrier integrity and gut microbiome changes. We next evaluate evidence for changing risk profiles across life stages (adolescence and ageing) and other populations at risk (e.g. through maternal obesity). Finally, interventions to ameliorate diet-induced cognitive deficits are discussed, including dietary shifts, exercise, and the emerging field of microbiome-targeted therapies. With evidence that poor diet and obesity impair cognition via multiple mechanisms across the human lifespan, the challenge for future research is to identify effective interventions, in addition to diet and exercise, to prevent and ameliorate adverse effects.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sanjana F, Delgorio PL, Hiscox LV, DeConne TM, Hobson JC, Cohen ML, Johnson CL, Martens CR. Blood lipid markers are associated with hippocampal viscoelastic properties and memory in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1417-1427. [PMID: 33103936 PMCID: PMC8142125 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20968032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related memory loss shares similar risk factors as cardiometabolic diseases including elevated serum triglycerides (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The mechanisms linking these aberrant blood lipids to memory loss are not completely understood but may be partially mediated by reduced integrity of the hippocampus (HC), the primary brain structure for encoding and recalling memories. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that blood lipid markers are independently associated with memory performance and HC viscoelasticity-a noninvasive measure of brain tissue microstructural integrity assessed by high-resolution magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Twenty-six individuals across the adult lifespan were recruited (14 M/12 F; mean age: 42 ± 15 y; age range: 22-78 y) and serum lipid profiles were related to episodic memory and HC viscoelasticity. All subjects were generally healthy without clinically abnormal blood lipids or memory loss. Episodic memory was negatively associated with the TG/HDL-C ratio. HC viscoelasticity was negatively associated with serum TGs and the TG/HDL-C ratio, independent of age and in the absence of associations with HC volume. These data, although cross-sectional, suggest that subtle differences in blood lipid profiles in healthy adults may contribute to a reduction in memory function and HC tissue integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faria Sanjana
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Peyton L Delgorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lucy V Hiscox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Theodore M DeConne
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Joshua C Hobson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Matthew L Cohen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Curtis L Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Siino V, Jensen P, James P, Vasto S, Amato A, Mulè F, Accardi G, Larsen MR. Obesogenic Diets Cause Alterations on Proteins and Theirs Post-Translational Modifications in Mouse Brains. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211012405. [PMID: 34017182 PMCID: PMC8114309 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity constitutes a major global health threat and is associated with a variety of diseases ranging from metabolic and cardiovascular disease, cancer to neurodegeneration. The hallmarks of neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, proteasome impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates as well as metabolic alterations. As an example, in post-mortem brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), several studies have reported reduction of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin receptor and an increase in tau protein and glycogen-synthase kinase-3β compared to healthy controls suggesting an impairment of metabolism in the AD patient’s brain. Given these lines of evidence, in the present study we investigated brains of mice treated with 2 obesogenic diets, high-fat diet (HFD) and high-glycaemic diet (HGD), compared to mice fed with a standard diet (SD) employing a quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach. Moreover, post-translational modified proteins (phosphorylated and N-linked glycosylated) were studied. The aim of the study was to identify proteins present in the brain that are changing their expression based on the diet given to the mice. We believed that some of these changes would highlight pathways and molecular mechanisms that could link obesity to brain impairment. The results showed in this study suggest that, together with cytoskeletal proteins, mitochondria and metabolic proteins are changing their post-translational status in brains of obese mice. Specifically, proteins involved in metabolic pathways and in mitochondrial functions are mainly downregulated in mice fed with obesogenic diets compared to SD. These changes suggest a reduced metabolism and a lower activity of mitochondria in obese mice. Some of these proteins, such as PGM1 and MCT1 have been shown to be involved in brain impairment as well. These results might shed light on the well-studied correlation between obesity and brain damage. The results presented here are in agreement with previous findings and aim to open new perspectives on the connection between diet-induced obesity and brain impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter James
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Sweden.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology and Åbo Academy University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy' CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Department of Biopathology and Medical biotechnologies Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Weihs A, Frenzel S, Wittfeld K, Obst A, Stubbe B, Habes M, Szentkirályi A, Berger K, Fietze I, Penzel T, Hosten N, Ewert R, Völzke H, Zacharias HU, Grabe HJ. Associations between sleep apnea and advanced brain aging in a large-scale population study. Sleep 2021; 44:5917994. [PMID: 33017007 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced brain aging is commonly regarded as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's dementia, and it was suggested that sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are significantly contributing factors to these neurodegenerative processes. To determine the association between OSA and advanced brain aging, we investigated the specific effect of two indices quantifying OSA, namely the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), on brain age, a score quantifying age-related brain patterns in 169 brain regions, using magnetic resonance imaging and overnight polysomnography data from 690 participants (48.8% women, mean age 52.5 ± 13.4 years) of the Study of Health in Pomerania. We additionally investigated the mediating effect of subclinical inflammation parameters on these associations via a causal mediation analysis. AHI and ODI were both positively associated with brain age (AHI std. effect [95% CI]: 0.07 [0.03; 0.12], p-value: 0.002; ODI std. effect [95% CI]: 0.09 [0.04; 0.13], p-value: < 0.0003). The effects remained stable in the presence of various confounders such as diabetes and were partially mediated by the white blood cell count, indicating a subclinical inflammation process. Our results reveal an association between OSA and brain age, indicating subtle but widespread age-related changes in regional brain structures, in one of the largest general population studies to date, warranting further examination of OSA in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Weihs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Obst
- Department of Internal Medicine B-Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B-Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - András Szentkirályi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Sleep Medicine, CC 12, University Hospital Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Sleep Medicine, CC 12, University Hospital Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B-Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Helena U Zacharias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|