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Peifer C, Oláh T, Venkatesan JK, Goebel L, Orth P, Schmitt G, Zurakowski D, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Locally Directed Recombinant Adeno- Associated Virus-Mediated IGF-1 Gene Therapy Enhances Osteochondral Repair and Counteracts Early Osteoarthritis In Vivo. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1336-1349. [PMID: 38482805 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241235149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of osteochondral defects is critical, because osteoarthritis (OA) can arise. HYPOTHESIS Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) via recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors (rAAV-IGF-1) would improve osteochondral repair and reduce parameters of early perifocal OA in sheep after 6 months in vivo. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral defects were created in the femoral trochlea of adult sheep and treated with rAAV-IGF-1 or rAAV-lacZ (control) (24 defects in 6 knees per group). After 6 months in vivo, osteochondral repair and perifocal OA were assessed by well-established macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical scoring systems as well as biochemical and micro-computed tomography evaluations. RESULTS Application of rAAV-IGF-1 led to prolonged (6 months) IGF-1 overexpression without adverse effects, maintaining a significantly superior overall cartilage repair, together with significantly improved defect filling, extracellular matrix staining, cellular morphology, and surface architecture compared with rAAV-lacZ. Expression of type II collagen significantly increased and that of type I collagen significantly decreased. Subchondral bone repair and tidemark formation were significantly improved, and subchondral bone plate thickness and subarticular spongiosa mineral density returned to normal. The OA parameters of perifocal structure, cell cloning, and matrix staining were significantly better preserved upon rAAV-IGF-1 compared with rAAV-lacZ. Novel mechanistic associations between parameters of osteochondral repair and OA were identified. CONCLUSION Local rAAV-mediated IGF-1 overexpression enhanced osteochondral repair and ameliorated parameters of perifocal early OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE IGF-1 gene therapy may be beneficial in repair of focal osteochondral defects and prevention of perifocal OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Peifer
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tamás Oláh
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Lars Goebel
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Patrick Orth
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - David Zurakowski
- Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Guan J, Liu T, Chen H, Yang K. Association of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and bone mineral density: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:130. [PMID: 38347501 PMCID: PMC10860277 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested that type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a potentially modifiable risk factor for lower BMD, but the causal relationship is unclear. This study aimed to examine whether the association of DM2 with lower BMD levels was causal by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS We collected genome-wide association study data for DM2 and BMD of total body and different skeletal sites from the IEU database. Subsequently, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using the Two Sample MR package. RESULTS We identified a positive association between DM2 risk (61,714 DM2 cases and 596,424 controls) and total BMD, and other skeletal sites BMD, such as femoral neck BMD, ultra-distal forearm BMD and heel BMD. However, non-significant trends were observed for the effects of DM2 on lumbar-spine BMD. CONCLUSION In two-sample MR analyses, there was positive causal relationship between DM2 and BMD in both overall samples. In summary, while observational analyses consistently indicate a strong association between DM2 and low BMD, our MR analysis introduces a nuanced perspective. Contrary to the robust association observed in observational studies, our MR analysis suggests a significant link between DM2 and elevated BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Guan
- Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaitan Yang
- Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Xing W, Kesavan C, Pourteymoor S, Mohan S. Global and Conditional Disruption of the Igf-I Gene in Osteoblasts and/or Chondrocytes Unveils Epiphyseal and Metaphyseal Bone-Specific Effects of IGF-I in Bone. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1228. [PMID: 37759627 PMCID: PMC10525837 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the relative importance of IGF-I expression in various cell types for endochondral ossification, we quantified the trabecular bone at the secondary spongiosa and epiphysis of the distal femur in 8-12-week-old male mice with a global knockout of the Igf-I gene, as well as the conditional deletion of Igf-I in osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts/chondrocytes and their corresponding wild-type control littermates. The osteoblast-, chondrocyte-, and osteoblast/chondrocyte-specific Igf-I conditional knockout mice were generated by crossing Igf-I floxed mice with Cre transgenic mice in which Cre expression is under the control of either the Col1α2 or Col2α1 promoter. We found that the global disruption of Igf-I resulted in 80% and 70% reductions in bone size, defined as total volume, at the secondary spongiosa and epiphysis of the distal femur, respectively. The abrogation of Igf-I in Col1α2-producing osteoblasts but not Col2α1-producing chondrocytes decreased bone size by 25% at both the secondary spongiosa and epiphysis. In comparison, the deletion of the Igf-I globally or specifically in osteoblasts or chondrocytes reduced trabecular bone mass by 25%. In contrast, the universal deletion of Igf-I in all cells, but not the conditional disruption of Igf-I in osteoblasts and/or chondrocytes reduced trabecular bone mass in the epiphysis. The reduced trabecular bone mass at the secondary spongiosa in osteoblast- and/or chondrocyte-specific Igf-I conditional knockout mice is caused by the reduced trabecular number and increased trabecular separation. Immunohistochemistry studies found that the expression levels of chondrocyte (COL10, MMP13) and osteoblast (BSP) markers were less in the secondary spongiosa and the epiphyses in the global Igf-I deletion mice. Our data indicate that local and endocrine Igf-I act pleiotropically and in a cell type- and bone compartment-dependent manner in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xing
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (W.X.); (C.K.); (S.P.)
- Departments of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Kesavan
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (W.X.); (C.K.); (S.P.)
- Departments of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Sheila Pourteymoor
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (W.X.); (C.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (W.X.); (C.K.); (S.P.)
- Departments of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Liu Y, Duan M, Zhang D, Xie J. The role of mechano growth factor in chondrocytes and cartilage defects: a concise review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 37171185 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano growth factor (MGF), an isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is recognized as a typical mechanically sensitive growth factor and has been shown to play an indispensable role in the skeletal system. In the joint cavity, MGF is highly expressed in chondrocytes, especially in the damaged cartilage tissue caused by trauma or degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Cartilage is an extremely important component of joints because it functions as a shock absorber and load distributer at the weight-bearing interfaces in the joint cavity, but it can hardly be repaired once injured due to its lack of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. MGF has been proven to play an important role in chondrocyte cell behaviors, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammatory reactions and apoptosis, in and around the injury site. Moreover, under the normalized mechanical microenvironment in the joint cavity, MGF can sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, regulate chondrocyte activity, and maintain the homeostasis of cartilage tissue. Recent reports continue to explain its effects on various cell types and sport-related tissues, but its role in cartilage development, homeostasis and disease occurrence is still controversial, and its internal biological mechanism is still elusive. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in the role of MGF in chondrocytes and cartilage defects, including tissue repair at the macroscopic level and chondrocyte activities at the microcosmic level, and discuss the current state of research and potential gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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5
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Fang J, Zhang X, Chen X, Wang Z, Zheng S, Cheng Y, Liu S, Hao L. The role of insulin-like growth factor-1 in bone remodeling: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124125. [PMID: 36948334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a polypeptide hormone with vital biological functions in bone cells. The abnormal expression of IGF-1 has a serious effect on bone growth, particularly bone remodeling. Evidence from animal models and human disease suggested that both IGF-1 deficiency and excess cause changes in bone remodeling equilibrium, resulting in profound alterations in bone mass and development. Here, we first introduced the functions and mechanisms of the members of IGFs in bone. Subsequently, the critical role of IGF-1 in the process of bone remodeling were emphasized from the aspects of bone resorption and bone formation respectively. This review explains the mechanism of IGF-1 in maintaining bone mass and bone homeostasis to a certain extent and provides a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xunming Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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6
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A New Osteogenic Membrane to Enhance Bone Healing: At the Crossroads between the Periosteum, the Induced Membrane, and the Diamond Concept. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020143. [PMID: 36829637 PMCID: PMC9952848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of viability of massive bone allografts for critical-size bone defect treatment remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery. The literature has reviewed the advantages of a multi-combined treatment with the synergy of an osteoconductive extracellular matrix (ECM), osteogenic stem cells, and growth factors (GFs). Questions are still open about the need for ECM components, the influence of the decellularization process on the latter, the related potential loss of function, and the necessity of using pre-differentiated cells. In order to fill in this gap, a bone allograft surrounded by an osteogenic membrane made of a decellularized collagen matrix from human fascia lata and seeded with periosteal mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) was analyzed in terms of de-/recellularization, osteogenic properties, PMSC self-differentiation, and angiogenic potential. While the decellularization processes altered the ECM content differently, the main GF content was decreased in soft tissues but relatively increased in hard bone tissues. The spontaneous osteogenic differentiation was necessarily obtained through contact with a mineralized bone matrix. Trying to deepen the knowledge on the complex matrix-cell interplay could further propel these tissue engineering concepts and lead us to provide the biological elements that allow bone integration in vivo.
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7
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Tu Y, Kuang X, Zhang L, Xu X. The associations of gut microbiota, endocrine system and bone metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124945. [PMID: 37089533 PMCID: PMC10116073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is of great importance in human health, and its roles in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis have long been recognized as the "gut-bone axis." Recent evidence has indicated intercorrelations between gut microbiota, endocrine system and bone metabolism. This review article discussed the complex interactions between gut microbiota and bone metabolism-related hormones, including sex steroids, insulin-like growth factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine, parathyroid hormone, glucagon-like peptides, peptide YY, etc. Although the underlying mechanisms still need further investigation, the regulatory effect of gut microbiota on bone health via interplaying with endocrine system may provide a new paradigm for the better management of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhang,
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Xin Xu,
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8
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Esposito A, Klüppel M, Wilson BM, Meka SRK, Spagnoli A. CXCR4 mediates the effects of IGF-1R signaling in rodent bone homeostasis and fracture repair. Bone 2023; 166:116600. [PMID: 36368465 PMCID: PMC10057209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-union fractures have considerable clinical and economic burdens and yet the underlying pathogenesis remains largely undetermined. The fracture healing process involves cellular differentiation, callus formation and remodeling, and implies the recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells that are not fully characterized. C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) are expressed in the fracture callus, but their interactions still remain elusive. We hypothesized that the regulation of CXCR4 by IGF-1R signaling is essential to maintain the bone homeostasis and to promote fracture repair. By using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that conditional ablation of IGF-1R in osteochondroprogenitors led to defects in bone formation and mineralization that associated with altered expression of CXCR4 by a discrete population of endosteal cells. These defects were corrected by AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist). Furthermore, we found that the inducible ablation of IGF-1R in osteochondroprogenitors led to fracture healing failure, that associated with an altered expression of CXCR4. In vivo AMD3100 treatment improved fracture healing and normalized CXCR4 expression. Moreover, we determined that these effects were mediated through the IGF-1R/Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) signaling pathway. Taken together, our studies identified a novel population of endosteal cells that is functionally regulated through the modulation of CXCR4 by IGF-1R signaling, and such control is essential in bone homeostasis and fracture healing. Knowledge gained from these studies has the potential to accelerate the development of novel therapeutic interventions by targeting CXCR4 signaling to treat non-unions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Esposito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Klüppel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brittany M Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sai R K Meka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Spagnoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Mazziotti G, Lania AG, Canalis E. Skeletal disorders associated with the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:353-365. [PMID: 35288658 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) are important regulators of bone remodelling and metabolism and have an essential role in the achievement and maintenance of bone mass throughout life. Evidence from animal models and human diseases shows that both GH deficiency (GHD) and excess are associated with changes in bone remodelling and cause profound alterations in bone microstructure. The consequence is an increased risk of fractures in individuals with GHD or acromegaly, a condition of GH excess. In addition, functional perturbations of the GH-IGF1 axis, encountered in individuals with anorexia nervosa and during ageing, result in skeletal fragility and osteoporosis. The effect of interventions used to treat GHD and acromegaly on the skeleton is variable and dependent on the duration of the disease, the pre-existing skeletal state, coexistent hormone alterations (such as those occurring in hypogonadism) and length of therapy. This variability could also reflect the irreversibility of the skeletal structural defect occurring during alterations of the GH-IGF1 axis. Moreover, the effects of the treatment of GHD and acromegaly on locally produced IGF1 and IGF binding proteins are uncertain and in need of further study. This Review highlights the pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of skeletal fragility associated with perturbations in the GH-IGF1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit - Bone Diseases and Osteoporosis Section, IRCCS, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea G Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit - Bone Diseases and Osteoporosis Section, IRCCS, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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10
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Wood CL, van ‘t Hof R, Dillon S, Straub V, Wong SC, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C. Combined growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 rescues growth retardation in glucocorticoid-treated mdxmice but does not prevent osteopenia. J Endocrinol 2022; 253:63-74. [PMID: 35191394 PMCID: PMC9010817 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Short stature and osteoporosis are common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and its pathophysiology may include an abnormality of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis, which is further exacerbated by long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Hence, an agent that has anabolic properties and may improve linear growth would be beneficial in this setting and therefore requires further exploration. A 5-week-old x-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice were used as a model of DMD. They were treated with prednisolone ± GH + IGF-1 for 4 weeks and then compared to control mdx mice to allow the study of both growth and skeletal structure. GC reduced cortical bone area, bone fraction, tissue area and volume and cortical bone volume, as assessed by micro computed tomography (CT) In addition, GC caused somatic and skeletal growth retardation but improved grip strength. The addition of GH + IGF-1 therapy rescued the somatic growth retardation and induced additional improvements in grip strength (16.9% increase, P < 0.05 compared to control). There was no improvement in bone microarchitecture (assessed by micro-CT and static histomorphometry) or biomechanical properties (assessed by three-point bending). Serum bone turnover markers (Serum procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), alpha C-terminal telopeptide (αCTX)) also remained unaffected. Further work is needed to maximise these gains before proceeding to clinical trials in boys with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Wood
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Wood or C Farquharson: or
| | - Rob van ‘t Hof
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Scott Dillon
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sze C Wong
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Wood or C Farquharson: or
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11
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Greenblatt MB, Shim JH, Bok S, Kim JM. The Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Osteoblasts. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:1-15. [PMID: 35325978 PMCID: PMC8948490 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are evolutionarily ancient signal transducers of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that have long been linked to the regulation of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here, we review the physiological functions, biochemistry, upstream activators, and downstream substrates of the ERK pathway. ERK is activated in skeletal progenitors and regulates osteoblast differentiation and skeletal mineralization, with ERK serving as a key regulator of Runt-related transcription factor 2, a critical transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, new evidence highlights context-dependent changes in ERK MAPK pathway wiring and function, indicating a broader set of physiological roles associated with changes in ERK pathway components or substrates. Consistent with this importance, several human skeletal dysplasias are associated with dysregulation of the ERK MAPK pathway, including neurofibromatosis type 1 and Noonan syndrome. The continually broadening array of drugs targeting the ERK pathway for the treatment of cancer and other disorders makes it increasingly important to understand how interference with this pathway impacts bone metabolism, highlighting the importance of mouse studies to model the role of the ERK MAPK pathway in bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY,
USA
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, and Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
| | - Seoyeon Bok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
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Qian Y, Berryman DE, Basu R, List EO, Okada S, Young JA, Jensen EA, Bell SRC, Kulkarni P, Duran-Ortiz S, Mora-Criollo P, Mathes SC, Brittain AL, Buchman M, Davis E, Funk KR, Bogart J, Ibarra D, Mendez-Gibson I, Slyby J, Terry J, Kopchick JJ. Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family. Pituitary 2022; 25:1-51. [PMID: 34797529 PMCID: PMC8603657 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of GH's action stems from animal models and the generation and characterization of genetically altered or modified mice. Manipulation of genes in the GH/IGF1 family in animals started in 1982 when the first GH transgenic mice were produced. Since then, multiple laboratories have altered mouse DNA to globally disrupt Gh, Ghr, and other genes upstream or downstream of GH or its receptor. The ability to stay current with the various genetically manipulated mouse lines within the realm of GH/IGF1 research has been daunting. As such, this review attempts to consolidate and summarize the literature related to the initial characterization of many of the known gene-manipulated mice relating to the actions of GH, PRL and IGF1. We have organized the mouse lines by modifications made to constituents of the GH/IGF1 family either upstream or downstream of GHR or to the GHR itself. Available data on the effect of altered gene expression on growth, GH/IGF1 levels, body composition, reproduction, diabetes, metabolism, cancer, and aging are summarized. For the ease of finding this information, key words are highlighted in bold throughout the main text for each mouse line and this information is summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most importantly, the collective data derived from and reported for these mice have enhanced our understanding of GH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R C Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Patricia Mora-Criollo
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mat Buchman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin R Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jolie Bogart
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Diego Ibarra
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Mendez-Gibson
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie Slyby
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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13
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Snarski P, Sukhanov S, Yoshida T, Higashi Y, Danchuk S, Chandrasekar B, Tian D, Rivera-Lopez V, Delafontaine P. Macrophage-Specific IGF-1 Overexpression Reduces CXCL12 Chemokine Levels and Suppresses Atherosclerotic Burden in Apoe-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:113-126. [PMID: 34852642 PMCID: PMC8792341 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) exerts pleiotropic effects including promotion of cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and anabolism. We have shown that systemic IGF-1 administration reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice, and this effect was associated with a reduction in lesional macrophages and a decreased number of foam cells in the plaque. Almost all cell types secrete IGF-1, but the effect of macrophage-derived IGF-1 on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is poorly understood. We hypothesized that macrophage-derived IGF-1 will reduce atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: We created macrophage-specific IGF-1 overexpressing mice on an Apoe-/- background. Macrophage-specific IGF-1 overexpression reduced plaque macrophages, foam cells, and atherosclerotic burden and promoted features of stable atherosclerotic plaque. Macrophage-specific IGF1 mice had a reduction in monocyte infiltration into plaque, decreased expression of CXCL12 (CXC chemokine ligand 12), and upregulation of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter 1), a cholesterol efflux regulator, in atherosclerotic plaque and in peritoneal macrophages. IGF-1 prevented oxidized lipid-induced CXCL12 upregulation and foam cell formation in cultured THP-1 macrophages and increased lipid efflux. We also found an increase in cholesterol efflux in macrophage-specific IGF1-derived peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage IGF-1 overexpression reduced atherosclerotic burden and increased features of plaque stability, likely via a reduction in CXCL12-mediated monocyte recruitment and an increase in ABCA1-dependent macrophage lipid efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Snarski
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Svitlana Danchuk
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Patrick Delafontaine
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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14
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Rossini A, Lanzi R, Galeone C, Pelucchi C, Pennacchioni M, Perticone F, Sirtori M, Losa M, Rubinacci A. Bone and body composition analyses by DXA in adults with GH deficiency: effects of long-term replacement therapy. Endocrine 2021; 74:666-675. [PMID: 34331234 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement on bone mass and body composition in adult with GH deficiency (AGHD) are still debated with regard to their persistence in the long term. Moreover, the impact of the gender on the response to GH is controversial. Aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of rhGH replacement on bone mass and body composition in a monocentric cohort of patients with AGHD. METHODS Data from 118 patients with AGHD (34.8 ± 14.4 years, 43 women and 75 men) treated with rhGH for a period of at least 3 years up to a maximum of 10 were retrospectively collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, femur, and 1/3 radius, and total and truncular body composition were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) before and during treatment. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed before and during the treatment period on an annual basis. RESULTS Lumbar spine BMD consistently increased in males, while it decreased in females after a transient improvement observed during the first 4 years of therapy. There were no significant changes in femoral and 1/3 radial BMD in either sexes. Lean mass significantly increased in both sexes, while fat mass only decreased in males. CONCLUSIONS In AGHD patients long-term rhGH replacement therapy induces a positive effect with regard to bone mass and body composition. A sexual dimorphism in the response to treatment is evident, with males displaying a more favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossini
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, Bergamo, 24127, Italy.
| | - Roberto Lanzi
- Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Galeone
- Bicocca Applied Statistics Center (B-ASC), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Pennacchioni
- AnacletoLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Perticone
- Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Sirtori
- Bone Metabolic Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Losa
- Neurosurgery Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolic Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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15
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Jensen RB, Bytoft B, Lohse Z, Johnsen SK, Nielsen MF, Oturai PS, Højlund K, Damm P, Clausen TD, Jensen DM. Impact of Lean Body Mass and Insulin Sensitivity on the IGF-1-Bone Mass Axis in Adolescence: the EPICOM Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e772-e781. [PMID: 33236084 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in the growth of muscle and bone mass and contributes to glucose homeostasis. The offspring of mothers with diabetes during pregnancy have an increased risk of insulin resistance (IR). OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that bone mass was decreased in the offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and that the IGF-1-bone mass relationship would be negatively influenced by IR. DESIGN Data from the Epigenetic, Genetic and Environmental Effects on Growth, Metabolism and Cognitive Functions in Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes (EPICOM) study performed from 2012 to 2013 were included. SETTING This work is a follow-up study of a nationwide register study. PATIENTS A total of 278 adolescent index offspring whose mothers had T1D and 303 matched controls were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Bone mineral content (BMC) determined by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan and the interaction with IGF-1 and insulin sensitivity were measured. RESULTS There was no difference in BMC, bone mineral density, height (SD score [SDS]), or BMC/height between index and control offspring. IGF-1 (SDS) did not differ between the groups but insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (SDS) was higher in index boys compared to controls (B = .31 [95% CI, 0.06-0.57], P = .02). The statistical path analysis showed that IGF-1 predicted BMC/height (B = .24 [95% CI, 0.02-0.45], P = .03), but lean mass was a mediator of this. IGF-1 and the homeostatic model assessment of IR were positively associated (B = .75 [95% CI, 0.37-1.12], P < .001). There was no moderating effect of the interaction between IR and IGF-1 on lean mass in the entire cohort (B = .005 [95% CI, -0.03 to 0.04], P = .81) or when analyzing index cases and controls separately. CONCLUSION We found that lean mass was an intermediary factor in the IGF-1-bone mass relationship in a large cohort of adolescents, and this relationship was not moderated by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Beck Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bytoft
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zuzana Lohse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sine Knorr Johnsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Frost Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology & KMEB Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Sandor Oturai
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Damm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine D Clausen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjællands Hospital Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Dorte M Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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16
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Lee HJ, Lee DC, Kim CO. Association Between 10-Year Fracture Probability and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With or Without Sarcopenia in Korean Men: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:599339. [PMID: 33868162 PMCID: PMC8044878 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.599339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia, which are common in elderly men, are known as risk factors of fracture. However, few studies have examined the association with fracture in these patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD with or without sarcopenia and 10-year fracture probability in Korean men aged ≥50 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 2,525 individuals from the 2010-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. NAFLD was defined using the fatty liver index (FLI) and comprehensive NAFLD score (CNS), and liver fibrosis using the fibrosis 4 calculator. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quintile for sex-specific sarcopenia index cutoff; values. The Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool was used to predict the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic and hip fractures. RESULTS Compared to the no NAFLD group, the 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability was significantly associated with the FLI-defined (β = 0.16, P = 0.002) and CNS-defined (β = 0.20, P < 0.001) NAFLD groups with liver fibrosis. Similarly, the 10-year hip fracture probability was significantly associated with the FLI- and CNS-defined NAFLD with liver fibrosis groups compared to the group without NAFLD (FLI-defined group, β = 0.04, P = 0.046; CNS-defined group, β = 0.05, P = 0.048). Furthermore, in the group with sarcopenia, the 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability was significantly associated with the FLI- and CNS-defined NAFLD with liver fibrosis groups compared to the group without NAFLD (FLI-defined group, β = 0.29, P = 0.003; CNS-defined group, β = 0.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD with liver fibrosis is significantly associated with a higher 10-year major osteoporotic and hip fracture probability in Korean men aged ≥50 years, and this positive association was more profound in patients with sarcopenia. Therefore, screening middle-aged to elderly men who have NAFLD combined with liver fibrosis and sarcopenia may help prevent fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Duk Chul Lee, ; Choon Ok Kim,
| | - Choon Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Duk Chul Lee, ; Choon Ok Kim,
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17
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Dixit M, Poudel SB, Yakar S. Effects of GH/IGF axis on bone and cartilage. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111052. [PMID: 33068640 PMCID: PMC7736189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) regulate somatic growth, metabolism and many aspects of aging. As such, actions of GH/IGF have been studied in many tissues and organs over decades. GH and IGF-1 are part of the hypothalamic/pituitary somatotrophic axis that consists of many other regulatory hormones, receptors, binding proteins, and proteases. In humans, GH/IGF actions peak during pubertal growth and regulate skeletal acquisition through stimulation of extracellular matrix production and increases in bone mineral density. During aging the activity of these hormones declines, a state called somatopaguss, which associates with deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system. In this review, we will focus on GH/IGF-1 action in bone and cartilage. We will cover many studies that have utilized congenital ablation or overexpression of members of this axis, as well as cell-specific gene-targeting approaches used to unravel the nature of the GH/IGF-1 actions in the skeleton in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10010, USA.
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18
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Moonesi M, Zaka Khosravi S, Molaei Ramshe S, Allahbakhshian Farsani M, Solali S, Mohammadi MH, Farshdousti Hagh M, Mehdizadeh H. IGF family effects on development, stability, and treatment of hematological malignancies. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4097-4105. [PMID: 33184857 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple factors, including growth factors, are shown to be culprits of cancer outset and persistence. Among growth factors, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) family are of more importance in the prognosis of blood malignancies. After binding to their corresponding receptor, IGFs initiate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and increase the translation of intracellular proteins, such as cell division-related proteins. They also stimulate the transcription of cell division-related genes using the Ras-GTP pathway. In addition to organs such as the liver, IGFs are secreted by tumor cells and can cause growth and proliferation of self or tumor cells via autocrine and paracrine methods. Current studies indicate that decreasing the effects of IGF by blocking them, their receptors, or PI3K/AKT pathway using various drugs could help to suppress the division of tumor cells. Here, we delineate the role of the IGF family in hematologic malignancies and their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Moonesi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Zaka Khosravi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Molaei Ramshe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Solali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Majid Farshdousti Hagh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanie Mehdizadeh
- HSCT Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Wang C, Wang S, Liu S, Cheng Y, Geng H, Yang R, Feng T, Lu G, Sun X, Song J, Hao L. Synonymous Mutations of Porcine Igf1r Extracellular Domain Affect Differentiation and Mineralization in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:623. [PMID: 32754602 PMCID: PMC7381325 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the wide application of miniature pigs in biomedicine, the formation mechanism of its short stature must be elucidated. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), which receives signals through the extracellular domain (ECD) binding with ligands, is crucial in regulating cell growth and bone matrix mineralization. In this study, two haplotypes of Igf1r with four synonymous mutations in the coding sequences of IGF-1R ECD between large pigs (LP) and Bama pigs (BM) were stably expressed in the Igf1r-knockout MC3T3-E1 cells and named as MC3T3-LP cells (LP group) and MC3T3-BM cells (BM group), respectively. IGF-1R expression was lower in the BM group than in the LP group both in terms of transcription and translation levels, and IGF-1R expression inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, IGF-1R expression in the BM group promoted early-stage differentiation but delayed late-stage differentiation, which not only suppressed the expression of bone-related factors but also reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. Moreover, different haplotypes of Igf1r changed the stability and conformation of the protein, further affecting the binding with IGF-1. Our data indicated that the four synonymous mutations of IGF1R ECD encoded by affect gene transcription and translation, thereby further leading to differences in the downstream pathways and functional changes of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunyun Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongwei Geng
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianqi Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanhong Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Miyagawa K, Ohata Y, Delgado-Calle J, Teramachi J, Zhou H, Dempster DD, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Chirgwin JM, Roodman GD, Kurihara N. Osteoclast-derived IGF1 is required for pagetic lesion formation in vivo. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133113. [PMID: 32078587 PMCID: PMC7213785 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that transgenic mice expressing measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) in osteoclasts (OCLs) (MVNP mice) are Paget's disease (PD) models and that OCLs from patients with PD and MVNP mice express high levels of OCL-derived IGF1 (OCL-IGF1). To determine OCL-IGF1's role in PD and normal bone remodeling, we generated WT and MVNP mice with targeted deletion of Igf1 in OCLs (Igf1-cKO) and MVNP/Igf1-cKO mice, and we assessed OCL-IGF1's effects on bone mass, bone formation rate, EphB2/EphB4 expression on OCLs and osteoblasts (OBs), and pagetic bone lesions (PDLs). A total of 40% of MVNP mice, but no MVNP/Igf1-cKO mice, had PDLs. Bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) was decreased by 60% in lumbar vertebrae and femurs of MVNP/Igf1-cKO versus MVNP mice with PDLs and by 45% versus all MVNP mice tested. Bone formation rates were decreased 50% in Igf1-cKO and MVNP/Igf1-cKO mice versus WT and MVNP mice. MVNP mice had increased EphB2 and EphB4 levels in OCLs/OBs versus WT and MVNP/Igf1-cKO, with none detectable in OCLs/OBs of Igf1-cKO mice. Mechanistically, IL-6 induced the increased OCL-IGF1 in MVNP mice. These results suggest that high OCL-IGF1 levels increase bone formation and PDLs in PD by enhancing EphB2/EphB4 expression in vivo and suggest OCL-IGF1 may contribute to normal bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Miyagawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University (IU), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yasuhisa Ohata
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University (IU), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University (IU), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University (IU), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, New York, USA
| | - David D Dempster
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John M Chirgwin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University (IU), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University (IU), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Kurihara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University (IU), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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21
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Orlando V, Morin G, Laffont A, Lénart D, Solórzano Barrera C, Mustafy T, Sankhe S, Villemure I, Mailhot G. CFTR deletion affects mouse osteoblasts in a gender-specific manner. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6736-6753. [PMID: 31985038 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in research and care have contributed to increase life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). With increasing age comes a greater likelihood of developing CF bone disease, a comorbidity characterized by a low bone mass and impaired bone quality, which displays gender differences in severity. However, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this gender difference have never been thoroughly investigated. We used bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and osteoclasts from Cftr+/+ and Cftr-/- mice to examine whether the impact of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) deletion on cellular differentiation and functions differed between genders. To determine whether in vitro findings translated into in vivo observations, we used imaging techniques and three-point bending testing. In vitro studies revealed no osteoclast-autonomous defect but impairment of osteoblast differentiation and functions and aberrant responses to various stimuli in cells isolated from Cftr-/- females only. Compared with wild-type controls, knockout mice exhibited a trabecular osteopenic phenotype that was more pronounced in Cftr-/- males than Cftr-/- females. Bone strength was reduced to a similar extent in knockout mice of both genders. In conclusion, we find a trabecular bone phenotype in Cftr-/- mice that was slightly more pronounced in males than females, which is reminiscent of the situation found in patients. However, at the osteoblast level, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this phenotype differ between males and females, which may underlie gender differences in the way bone marrow-derived osteoblasts behave in absence of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Orlando
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Morin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alisson Laffont
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Déborah Lénart
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carolina Solórzano Barrera
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tanvir Mustafy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Safiétou Sankhe
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique of Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Mailhot
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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López-Quiles J, Forteza-López A, Montiel M, Clemente C, Fernández-Tresguerres JA, Fernández-Tresguerres I. Effects of locally applied Insulin-like Growth Factor-I on osseointegration. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e652-e658. [PMID: 31433388 PMCID: PMC6764712 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effect of local application of IGF-I on osseointegration of dental implants placed in osteoporotic bones. MATERIAL AND METHODS 16 rabbits were randomly distributed into two groups: eight animals were ovariectomized and fed a low-calcium diet for six weeks, in order to induce experimental osteoporosis, and the others were sham-operated and fed a standard diet. A titanium implant was inserted into the tibiae in both groups. In half of the rabbits, 4 μg of IGF-I was applied into the ostectomy, prior to the implant insertion. A total of 32 implants were placed. Animals were sacrificed two weeks after surgery and decalcified samples were processed for Bone-To-Implant Contact (BIC) and Bone Area Density (BAD) measurements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical evaluation. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS Ovariectomy induced statistically significant lower BAD values (p=0.008) and a tendency towards lower BIC values when compared osteoporotic and healthy groups. The administration of 4 μg of IGF-I did not produce statistically significant differences neither on BIC nor on BAD values, neither in the osteoporotic animals nor in healthy. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this experimental study, local administration of 4 μg of IGF-I was not able to induce any changes in the osseointegration process two weeks after surgery, neither in healthy rabbits nor in the osteoporotic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Quiles
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialities, School of Dentistry, Madrid, Spain, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain,
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23
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Zhang M, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Xin Z, An J, Hou J, Chen Z. Exendin-4 enhances proliferation of senescent osteoblasts through activation of the IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:300-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Drabińska N, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Złotkowska D, Abramowicz P, Krupa-Kozak U. Daily oligofructose-enriched inulin intake impacts bone turnover markers but not the cytokine profile in pediatric patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: Results of a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study. Bone 2019; 122:184-192. [PMID: 30840918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metabolism disturbances are commonly observed in patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease (CD). The only available treatment for CD-the intake of a gluten-free diet (GFD)-has been found to be insufficient in effectively improving bone health in some patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to modify the GFD so as to allow for the provision of all the necessary nutrients and improved absorption. Prebiotics intake reportedly improves the absorption of bone-related vitamin D and calcium as well as bone metabolism. The effect of prebiotic intake on bone health in CD patients has not been studied yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin intake on bone metabolism and immune response in children with CD on a GFD. METHODS A total of 34 children with CD were randomised into two groups receiving 10 g of oligofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy 1) or a placebo (maltodextrin) for three months, together with a strict GFD. The children's bone metabolism marker levels and cytokine profiles were analysed before and after the intervention. RESULTS After supplementation, the concentration of osteocalcin increased significantly in children receiving Synergy 1, while the concentration of bone alkaline phosphatase increased in both groups, independent of supplementation. After the intervention, the level of pyridinoline increased significantly in the placebo group, resulting in a concentration that was two times higher than that in the Synergy 1 group, in which it remained stable. Moreover, the plasma concentrations of N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen decreased in both the groups, whereas the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b level increased particularly in the Synergy 1 group. The intervention did not lead to immunological response changes. CONCLUSIONS The proposed supplementation beneficially altered bone metabolism, through increased bone formation rates and decreased bone resorption process rates. Supplementation of GFD with prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin may be a promising auxiliary therapy for bone metabolism improvements in children with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Collegium Medicum School of Medicine University of Warmia and Masuria, Żołnierska 18A Str., 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Złotkowska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Paweł Abramowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Urszula Krupa-Kozak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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25
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The Role of Macrophage in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092093. [PMID: 31035384 PMCID: PMC6539137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with progressive bone loss. The bone loss is associated with an imbalance between bone resorption via osteoclasts and bone formation via osteoblasts. Other cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and osteocytes are also involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Different cytokines from activated macrophages can regulate or stimulate the development of osteoclastogenesis-associated bone loss. The fusion of macrophages can form multinucleated osteoclasts and, thus, cause bone resorption via the expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Different cytokines, endocrines, and chemokines are also expressed that may affect the presentation of macrophages in osteoporosis. Macrophages have an effect on bone formation during fracture-associated bone repair. However, activated macrophages may secrete proinflammatory cytokines that induce bone loss by osteoclastogenesis, and are associated with the activation of bone resorption. Targeting activated macrophages at an appropriate stage may help inhibit or slow the progression of bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
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26
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27
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Gadelha MR, Kasuki L, Lim DST, Fleseriu M. Systemic Complications of Acromegaly and the Impact of the Current Treatment Landscape: An Update. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:268-332. [PMID: 30184064 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a chronic systemic disease with many complications and is associated with increased mortality when not adequately treated. Substantial advances in acromegaly treatment, as well as in the treatment of many of its complications, mainly diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and arterial hypertension, were achieved in the last decades. These developments allowed change in both prevalence and severity of some acromegaly complications and furthermore resulted in a reduction of mortality. Currently, mortality seems to be similar to the general population in adequately treated patients with acromegaly. In this review, we update the knowledge in complications of acromegaly and detail the effects of different acromegaly treatment options on these complications. Incidence of mortality, its correlation with GH (cumulative exposure vs last value), and IGF-I levels and the shift in the main cause of mortality in patients with acromegaly are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica R Gadelha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrine Section and Medical School, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Neuroendocrine Section, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center/Endocrine Section and Medical School, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Neuroendocrine Section, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Endocrine Unit, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dawn S T Lim
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria Fleseriu
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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28
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Fang Y, Xue Z, Zhao L, Yang X, Yang Y, Zhou X, Feng S, Chen K. Calycosin stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of rat calvarial osteoblasts by activating the IGF1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:323-332. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Fang
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 Donggangxi Road Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Xue
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 Donggangxi Road Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 Donggangxi Road Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 Donggangxi Road Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 Donggangxi Road Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Shilan Feng
- School of Pharmacy; Lanzhou University; 199 Donggangxi Road Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics; Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of CPLA; Lanzhou 730050 Gansu Province People's Republic of China
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29
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 modulates bioengineered tooth morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:368. [PMID: 30675004 PMCID: PMC6344556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapy to replace missing teeth is a critical area of research. Functional bioengineered teeth have been produced by the organ germ method using mouse tooth germ cells. However, these bioengineered teeth are significantly smaller in size and exhibit an abnormal crown shape when compared with natural teeth. The proper sizes and shapes of teeth contribute to their normal function. Therefore, a method is needed to control the morphology of bioengineered teeth. Here, we investigated whether insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) can regulate the sizes and shapes of bioengineered teeth, and assessed underlying mechanisms of such regulation. IGF1 treatment significantly increased the size of bioengineered tooth germs, while preserving normal tooth histology. IGF1-treated bioengineered teeth, which were developed from bioengineered tooth germs in subrenal capsules and jawbones, showed increased sizes and cusp numbers. IGF1 increased the number of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf4)-expressing enamel knots in bioengineered tooth germs and enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells. This study is the first to reveal that IGF1 increases the sizes and cusp numbers of bioengineered teeth via the induction of enamel knot formation, as well as the proliferation and differentiation of dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
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30
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Incorporating platelet-rich plasma into coaxial electrospun nanofibers for bone tissue engineering. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:656-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Lindsey RC, Rundle CH, Mohan S. Role of IGF1 and EFN-EPH signaling in skeletal metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T87-T102. [PMID: 29581239 PMCID: PMC5966337 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) and ephrin ligand (EFN)-receptor (EPH) signaling are both crucial for bone cell function and skeletal development and maintenance. IGF1 signaling is the major mediator of growth hormone-induced bone growth, but a host of different signals and factors regulate IGF1 signaling at the systemic and local levels. Disruption of the Igf1 gene results in reduced peak bone mass in both experimental animal models and humans. Additionally, EFN-EPH signaling is a complex system which, particularly through cell-cell interactions, contributes to the development and differentiation of many bone cell types. Recent evidence has demonstrated several ways in which the IGF1 and EFN-EPH signaling pathways interact with and depend upon each other to regulate bone cell function. While much remains to be elucidated, the interaction between these two signaling pathways opens a vast array of new opportunities for investigation into the mechanisms of and potential therapies for skeletal conditions such as osteoporosis and fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Lindsey
- Musculoskeletal Disease CenterVA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Division of BiochemistryDepartment of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular MedicineDepartment of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Charles H Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease CenterVA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease CenterVA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Division of BiochemistryDepartment of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular MedicineDepartment of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of MedicineLoma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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32
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Yakar S, Werner H, Rosen CJ. Insulin-like growth factors: actions on the skeleton. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T115-T137. [PMID: 29626053 PMCID: PMC5966339 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the growth hormone (GH)-mediated somatic factors (somatomedins), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II, has elicited an enormous interest primarily among endocrinologists who study growth and metabolism. The advancement of molecular endocrinology over the past four decades enables investigators to re-examine and refine the established somatomedin hypothesis. Specifically, gene deletions, transgene overexpression or more recently, cell-specific gene-ablations, have enabled investigators to study the effects of the Igf1 and Igf2 genes in temporal and spatial manners. The GH/IGF axis, acting in an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine fashion, is the major axis controlling skeletal growth. Studies in rodents have clearly shown that IGFs regulate bone length of the appendicular skeleton evidenced by changes in chondrocytes of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate. IGFs affect radial bone growth and regulate cortical and trabecular bone properties via their effects on osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast function. Interactions of the IGFs with sex steroid hormones and the parathyroid hormone demonstrate the significance and complexity of the IGF axis in the skeleton. Finally, IGFs have been implicated in skeletal aging. Decreases in serum IGFs during aging have been correlated with reductions in bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. This review highlights many of the most relevant studies in the IGF research landscape, focusing in particular on IGFs effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010-4086, USA
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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Qi Z, Xia P, Pan S, Zheng S, Fu C, Chang Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Yang X. Combined treatment with electrical stimulation and insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes bone regeneration in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197006. [PMID: 29746517 PMCID: PMC5944947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are widely used in bone regeneration because of their osteogenic activity. However, the combined effects of ES and supplemental IGF-1 on the whole bone formation process remain unclear. In this study, fluorescence staining and an MTT assay were first utilized to observe the influence of ES and IGF-1 on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and adhesion in vitro. Subsequently, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by the alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and the expression of osteogenic marker genes. In addition, cell mineralization was determined by alizarin red staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We demonstrated that the MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation was significantly higher for treatments combining IGF-1 and ES than for treatments with IGF-1 alone. The combination of IGF-1 and ES increased the MC3T3-E1 cell ALP activity, the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and the calcium deposition with a clear dose-dependent effect. Our data show the synergistic effect of IGF-1 and ES in promoting the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, which suggests that it would be more effective to combine the proper dose of IGF-1 with ES to promote local bone damage repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Su Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chuan Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yuxin Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- * E-mail: (JW); (XY)
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
- * E-mail: (JW); (XY)
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Sylvester FA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effects on Bone and Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:133-150. [PMID: 29101654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with decreased bone mass and alterations in bone geometry from the time of diagnosis, before anti-inflammatory therapy is instituted. Deficits in bone mass can persist despite absence of symptoms of active IBD. The effects of IBD on the skeleton are complex. Protein-calorie malnutrition, inactivity, hypogonadism, deficits in calcium intake and vitamin D consumption and synthesis, stunted growth in children, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and inflammation all likely play a role. Preliminary studies suggest that the dysbiotic intestinal microbial flora present in IBD may also affect bone at a distance. Several mechanisms are possible. T cells activated by the gut microbiota may serve as "inflammatory shuttles" between the intestine and bone. Microbe-associated molecular patterns leaked into the circulation in IBD may activate immune responses in the bone marrow by immune cells and by osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts that lead to decreased bone formation and increased resorption. Finally, intestinal microbial metabolites such as H2S may also affect bone cell function. Uncovering these mechanisms will enable the design of microbial cocktails to help restore bone mass in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Sylvester
- Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, 333 South Columbia Street, MacNider Hall 247, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7229, USA.
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35
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Fischer C, Reiner C, Schmidmaier G, Doll J, Child C, Grützner PA, Biglari B, Boxriker S, Moghaddam A. Safety study: is there a pathologic IGF-1, PDGF and TGF-β cytokine expression caused by adjunct BMP-7 in tibial and femoral non-union therapy? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:691-697. [PMID: 29713178 PMCID: PMC5907889 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s160064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this prospective safety study, we investigated if the characteristic cytokine expression during bone regeneration is manipulated by the local application of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in non-union surgery. Therefore, the levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were compared between patients with the gold standard use of autologous bone graft (ABG) and those with additional application of BMP-7 as part of the diamond concept. Patients and methods Between 2009 and 2014, of the 153 patients with tibial and femoral non-unions, a matched pair analysis was performed to compare the serological cytokine expressions. Blood samples were collected preoperatively, 1, 2 and 6 weeks as well as 3 and 6 months after non-union surgery. Matching criteria were smoking status, fracture location, gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Patients in G1 (n=10) were treated with ABG and local BMP-7 while their matching partners in G2 (n=10) received ABG only. The routine clinical and radiologic follow-up was 1 year. Results Although the IGF-1 quantification in G2 showed higher pre- and postoperative values compared to G1 (p<0.05), the courses of both groups were similar. Likewise, PDGF-AB and TGF-β expressions appeared similar in G1 and G2 with peaks in both groups at 2 weeks follow-up. Osseous consolidation was assessed in all operated non-unions. The adjunct application of BMP-7 did not cause any pathologic cytokine expression. Conclusion Similar expressions of the serum cytokines IGF-1, PDGF-AB and TGF-β were demonstrated in non-union patients treated with ABG and additional application of BMP-7 according to the diamond concept. Our findings indicate that the local application of BMP-7, which imitates the physiologic secretion of growth factors during bone regeneration, is safe and without the risk of abnormal systemic cytokine expression. Studies with higher patient numbers will have to validate these assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fischer
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Reiner
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Hospital South, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Doll
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Child
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bahram Biglari
- Trauma and Orthopedics, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sonja Boxriker
- Center of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Sport Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Center of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Sport Medicine, ATORG Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
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Abstract
Microbiota and their hosts have coevolved for millions of years. Microbiota are not only critical for optimal development of the host under normal physiological growth, but also important to ensure proper host development during nutrient scarcity or disease conditions. A large body of research has begun to detail the mechanism(s) of how microbiota cooperate with the host to maintain optimal health status. One crucial host pathway recently demonstrated to be modulated by microbiota is that of the growth factor insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Gut microbiota are capable of dynamically modulating circulating IGF-1 in the host, with the majority of data suggesting that microbiota induce host IGF-1 synthesis to influence growth. Microbiota-derived metabolites such as short chain fatty acids are sufficient to induce IGF-1. Whether microbiota induction of IGF-1 is mediated by the difference in growth hormone expression or the host sensitivity to growth hormone is still under investigation. This review summarizes the current data detailing the interaction between gut microbiota, IGF-1 and host development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, BTM 6022, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Julia F Charles
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, BTM 6022, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Chaves Neto AH, Brito VGB, Landim de Barros T, do Amaral CCF, Sumida DH, Oliveira SHP. Chronic high glucose and insulin stimulate bone‐marrow stromal cells adipogenic differentiation in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6853-6865. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio H. Chaves Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Victor G. B. Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Thamine Landim de Barros
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Caril C. F. do Amaral
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Dóris H. Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Sandra H. P. Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
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DeBoer MD, Lee AM, Herbert K, Long J, Thayu M, Griffin LM, Baldassano RN, Denson LA, Zemel BS, Denburg MR, Herskovitz R, Leonard MB. Increases in IGF-1 After Anti-TNF-α Therapy Are Associated With Bone and Muscle Accrual in Pediatric Crohn Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:936-945. [PMID: 29329430 PMCID: PMC6276706 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low levels of insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in pediatric and adolescent Crohn disease (CD) likely contribute to bone and muscle deficits. OBJECTIVE Assess changes in IGF-1 levels and associations with bone and muscle accrual following initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) therapy in pediatric and adolescent CD. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 75, age 5 to 21 years) with CD were enrolled in a prospective cohort study; 63 completed the 12-month visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IGF-1 levels at baseline and 10 weeks, as well as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of bone and muscle at baseline and 12 months after initiation of anti-TNF-α therapy. Outcomes were expressed as sex-specific z scores. RESULTS IGF-1 z scores increased from a median (interquartile range) of -1.0 (-1.58 to -0.17) to -0.36 (-1.04 to 0.36) over 10 weeks (P < 0.001). Lesser disease severity and systemic inflammation, as well as greater estradiol z scores (in girls), was significantly associated with greater IGF-1 z scores over time. DXA whole-body bone mineral content, leg lean mass, and total hip and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) z scores were low at baseline (P < 0.0001 vs reference data) and increased significantly (P < 0.001) over 12 months. Greater increases in IGF-1 z scores over 10 weeks predicted improvement in DXA bone and muscle outcomes and pQCT trabecular BMD and cortical area. Adjustment for changes in muscle mass markedly attenuated the associations between IGF-1 levels and bone outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Short-term improvements in IGF-1 z scores predicted recovery of bone and muscle outcomes following initiation of anti-TNF-α therapy in pediatric CD. These data suggest that disease effects on growth hormone metabolism contribute to musculoskeletal deficits in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Virginia
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Mark DeBoer, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box
800386, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908. E-mail:
| | - Arthur M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Virginia
| | - Kirabo Herbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Virginia
| | - Jin Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
California
| | - Meena Thayu
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, New Jersey
| | - Lindsay M Griffin
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison,
Wisconsin
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lee A Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle R Denburg
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rita Herskovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary B Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
California
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IGF-I induced phosphorylation of PTH receptor enhances osteoblast to osteocyte transition. Bone Res 2018; 6:5. [PMID: 29507819 PMCID: PMC5827661 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-017-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates bone remodeling by activating PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R) in osteoblasts/osteocytes. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) stimulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts. However, little is known about the signaling mechanisms that regulates the osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition. Here we report that PTH and IGF-I synergistically enhance osteoblast-to-osteocyte differentiation. We identified that a specific tyrosine residue, Y494, on the cytoplasmic domain of PTH1R can be phosphorylated by insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF1R) in vitro. Phosphorylated PTH1R localized to the barbed ends of actin filaments and increased actin polymerization during morphological change of osteoblasts into osteocytes. Disruption of the phosphorylation site reduced actin polymerization and dendrite length. Mouse models with conditional ablation of PTH1R in osteoblasts demonstrated a reduction in the number of osteoctyes and dendrites per osteocyte, with complete overlap of PTH1R with phosphorylated-PTH1R positioning in osteocyte dendrites in wild-type mice. Thus, our findings reveal a novel signaling mechanism that enhances osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition by direct phosphorylation of PTH1R by IGF1R. A key hormone and growth factor work together to help turn bone-forming cells into mature bone. Janet Crane and colleagues from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, tested the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and insulin like-growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) signaling on the differentiation of bone-forming osteoblasts by modulating the activity of their receptors in genetically engineered mice. They found a specific part of the PTH type 1 receptor has a phosphate group added to it by the IGF-1 receptor. This chemical tagging leads to changes in the cytoskeleton of osteoblasts that enhance the formation of mature bone cells known as osteocytes. Mice without this PTH receptor had reduced numbers of osteocytes in their bone. The findings reveal a novel signaling mechanism behind this cellular transition during bone building.
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Vishwamitra D, George SK, Shi P, Kaseb AO, Amin HM. Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1814-1844. [PMID: 27661006 PMCID: PMC5352101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays key roles in the establishment and progression of different types of cancer. In agreement with this idea, substantial evidence has shown that the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and its primary ligand IGF-I are important for maintaining the survival of malignant cells of hematopoietic origin. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role of IGF-IR signaling in cancer with a focus on the hematological neoplasms. We also address the emergence of IGF-IR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different types of cancer including plasma cell myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Canalis E. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Novel anabolic treatments for osteoporosis. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:R33-R44. [PMID: 29113980 PMCID: PMC5819362 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal anabolic agents enhance bone formation, which is determined by the number and function of osteoblasts. Signals that influence the differentiation and function of cells of the osteoblast lineage play a role in the mechanism of action of anabolic agents in the skeleton. Wnts induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward osteoblasts, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) enhances the function of mature osteoblasts. The activity of Wnt and IGF-I is controlled by proteins that bind to the growth factor or to its receptors. Sclerostin is a Wnt antagonist that binds to Wnt co-receptors and prevents Wnt signal activation. Teriparatide, a 1-34 amino terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and abaloparatide, a modified 1-34 amino terminal fragment of PTH-related peptide (PTHrp), induce IGF-I, increase bone mineral density (BMD), reduce the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures and are approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Romosozumab, a humanized anti-sclerostin antibody, increases bone formation, decreases bone resorption, increases BMD and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures. An increased incidence of cardiovascular events has been associated with romosozumab, which is yet to be approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. In conclusion, cell and molecular studies have formed the foundation for the development of new anabolic therapies for osteoporosis with proven efficacy on the incidence of new fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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42
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Tian F, Wang Y, Bikle DD. IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific skeletal mechano-transduction. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:576-583. [PMID: 28980721 PMCID: PMC5839951 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading preserves bone mass and stimulates bone formation, whereas skeletal unloading leads to bone loss. In addition to osteocytes, which are considered the primary sensor of mechanical load, osteoblasts, and bone specific mesenchymal stem cells also are involved. The skeletal response to mechanical signals is a complex process regulated by multiple signaling pathways including that of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Conditional osteocyte deletion of IGF-1 ablates the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. Similarly, osteocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression is necessary for reloading-induced periosteal bone formation. Transgenic overexpression of IGF-1 in osteoblasts results in enhanced responsiveness to in vivo mechanical loading in mice, a response which is eliminated by osteoblastic conditional disruption of IGF-1 in vivo. Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) from unloaded bone fail to respond to IGF-1 in vitro. IGF-1R is required for the transduction of a mechanical stimulus to downstream effectors, transduction which is lost when the IGF-1R is deleted. Although the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, the IGF signaling pathway and its interactions with potentially interlinked signaling cascades involving integrins, the estrogen receptor, and wnt/β-catenin play an important role in regulating adaptive response of cancer bone cells to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we discuss recent advances investigating how IGF-1 and other interlinked molecules and signaling pathways regulate skeletal mechano-transduction involving different bone cells, providing an overview of the IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific response to mechanical stimuli. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:576-583, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Tian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Corresponding author: 1700 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, , Tel: 415-575-0557, FAX: 415-575-0593
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Dobie R, MacRae VE, Pass C, Milne EM, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 ( Socs2) deletion protects bone health of mice with DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.028456. [PMID: 29343614 PMCID: PMC5818069 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often present with poor bone health. The development of targeted therapies for this bone loss requires a fuller understanding of the underlying cellular mechanisms. Although bone loss in IBD is multifactorial, the altered sensitivity and secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in IBD is understood to be a critical contributing mechanism. The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), a well-established negative regulator of GH signaling, is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it is likely that SOCS2 expression represents a critical mediator through which proinflammatory cytokines inhibit GH/IGF-1 signaling and decrease bone quality in IBD. Using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis, we reveal that endogenously elevated GH function in the Socs2−/− mouse protects the skeleton from osteopenia. Micro-computed tomography assessment of DSS-treated wild-type (WT) mice revealed a worsened trabecular architecture compared to control mice. Specifically, DSS-treated WT mice had significantly decreased bone volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, and a resulting increase in trabecular separation. In comparison, the trabecular bone of Socs2-deficient mice was partially protected from the adverse effects of DSS. The reduction in a number of parameters, including bone volume, was less, and no changes were observed in trabecular thickness or separation. This protected phenotype was unlikely to be a consequence of improved mucosal health in the DSS-treated Socs2−/− mice but rather a result of unregulated GH signaling directly on bone. These studies indicate that the absence of SOCS2 is protective against bone loss typical of IBD. This study also provides an improved understanding of the relative effects of GH/IGF-1 signaling on bone health in experimental colitis, information that is essential before these drugs are explored as bone protective agents in children and adults with IBD. Summary: Using a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, this article provides an improved understanding of the relative effects of GH/IGF-1 on bone health in experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Dobie
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Chloe Pass
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Elspeth M Milne
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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44
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Bieghs L, Johnsen HE, Maes K, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, Overgaard MT, Nyegaard M, Conover CA, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The insulin-like growth factor system in multiple myeloma: diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48732-48752. [PMID: 27129151 PMCID: PMC5217049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy. The MM cells reside in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. As in most cancers, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathogenesis of MM. The IGF system consists of IGF ligands, IGF receptors, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP proteases and contributes not only to the survival, proliferation, and homing of MM cells, but also MM-associated angiogenesis and osteolysis. Furthermore, increased IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression on MM cells correlates with a poor prognosis in MM patients. Despite the prominent role of the IGF system in MM, strategies targeting the IGF-IR using blocking antibodies or small molecule inhibitors have failed to translate into the clinic. However, increasing preclinical evidence indicates that IGF-I is also involved in the development of drug resistance against current standard-of-care agents against MM, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and corticoids. IGF-IR targeting has been able to overcome or revert this drug resistance in animal models, enhancing the efficacy of standard-of-care agents. This finding has generated renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of IGF-I targeting in MM. The present review provides an update of the impact of the different IGF system components in MM and discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bieghs
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans E Johnsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) exerts several effects on the skeleton, mediated either directly or indirectly, leading to increased bone formation and resorption rates. Patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) of adult onset have decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Some, but not all, studies have found that adults with childhood onset GHD also have lower BMD than healthy controls. Adults with GHD of childhood onset have smaller bone dimensions, leading to possible underestimation of areal BMD (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), thus potentially confounding the interpretation of densitometric data. Available data suggest that patients with childhood onset GHD are at increased fracture risk. Prospective studies and some clinical trials found that GH replacement for at least 18-24 months leads to increased BMD. Retrospective and prospective data suggest that GH replacement is associated with decreased fracture risk in adults. However, data from randomized clinical trials are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Tritos
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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46
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Guo Y, Tang CY, Man XF, Tang HN, Tang J, Zhou CL, Tan SW, Wang M, Feng YZ, Zhou HD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and collagen I alpha 2 synthesis via induction of mRNA-binding protein LARP6 expression. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:94-103. [PMID: 28211947 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the mechanism underlying the stimulation of collagen synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in primary mouse osteoblasts. Primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts were cultured and treated with various doses of IGF1 before transfection with siRNA targeting the collagen type I alpha 2 (Col1a2) or La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6 (Larp6) genes. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin staining, alizarin red quantification and the expression level of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were performed to assess the differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. Based on Western blot analysis, IGF1 up-regulated COL1A2 protein expression in the primary osteoblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, Col1a2 interference inhibited the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. IGF1 also stimulated the differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts and increased LARP6 expression during osteogenic differentiation. RNA-Immunoprecipitation (IP) indicated that LARP6 could bind to Col1a2 mRNA after IGF1 stimulation. However, transfection of Larp6-specific siRNA significantly reduced collagen and ALP secretion, mineralization and inhibited the expression of osteocalcin and RUNX2, indicating that Larp6 interference inhibited the differentiation ability of primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts, and these effects could not be reversed by IGF1. Thus, IGF1 could promote COL1A2 expression and osteoblast differentiation in primary mouse calvarial pre-osteoblasts by increasing LARP6 expression via a posttranscriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen-Yi Tang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Man
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Neng Tang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Ci-La Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Wen Tan
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangSha, Hunan, China
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Sundararaghavan V, Mazur MM, Evans B, Liu J, Ebraheim NA. Diabetes and bone health: latest evidence and clinical implications. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2017; 9:67-74. [PMID: 28344668 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x16687480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, research on some of the lesser-known effects, including impaired bone health, are gaining a lot of attention. The two most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These two differ in their physiology, with T1DM stemming from an inability to produce insulin, and T2DM involving an insufficient response to the insulin that is produced. This review aims to highlight the most current information regarding diabetes as it relates to bone health. It looks at biochemical changes that characterize diabetic bone; notably increased adiposity, altered bone metabolism, and variations in bone mineral density (BMD). Then several hypotheses are analyzed, concerning how these changes may be detrimental to the highly orchestrated processes that are involved in bone formation and turnover, and ultimately result in the distinguishing features of diabetic bone. The review proceeds by explaining the effects of antidiabetes medications on bone health, then highlighting several ways that diabetes can play a part in other clinical treatment outcomes. With diabetes negatively affecting bone health and creating other clinical problems, and its treatment options potentiating these effects, physicians should consider the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs to supplement standard anti-diabetes medications in patients suffering with diabetic bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew M Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Brad Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, 3065 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nabil A Ebraheim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
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Wippert PM, Rector M, Kuhn G, Wuertz-Kozak K. Stress and Alterations in Bones: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:96. [PMID: 28507534 PMCID: PMC5410657 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have demonstrated that physical stress (PS) stimulates bone remodeling and affects bone structure and function through complex mechanotransduction mechanisms. Recent research has laid ground to the hypothesis that mental stress (MS) also influences bone biology, eventually leading to osteoporosis and increased bone fracture risk. These effects are likely exerted by modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, resulting in an altered release of growth hormones, glucocorticoids and cytokines, as demonstrated in human and animal studies. Furthermore, molecular cross talk between mental and PS is thought to exist, with either synergistic or preventative effects on bone disease progression depending on the characteristics of the applied stressor. This mini review will explain the emerging concept of MS as an important player in bone adaptation and its potential cross talk with PS by summarizing the current state of knowledge, highlighting newly evolving notions (such as intergenerational transmission of stress and its epigenetic modifications affecting bone) and proposing new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia-Maria Wippert
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Pia-Maria Wippert,
| | - Michael Rector
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gisela Kuhn
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Schön Klinik München Harlaching, Munich, Germany
- Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With increased survival of HIV-infected patients, osteoporotic fractures have developed as a major cause of morbidity in these patients, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has emerged as a significant contributor to this increased fracture risk. The present article reviews the epidemiologic and clinical evidence for osteoporosis and increased fracture risk among HIV/HCV coinfected patients, and potential mechanisms for these outcomes with HCV coinfection. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiologic studies suggest that HIV/HCV coinfected patients exhibit a three-fold increased fracture incidence compared with uninfected controls, and 1.2-2.4-fold increased fracture risk compared with HIV monoinfected patients. Recent reports suggest that chronic HCV coinfection is independently associated with reduced bone mineral density in HIV, but that it is not associated with significantly increased bone turnover. The deleterious impact of chronic HCV on BMD and fracture risk occurs even in the absence of advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. New tools to assess bone quality, including the trabecular bone score, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and in-vivo microindentation, may help improve understanding of the mechanisms of HCV-associated skeletal fragility. The impact of approved antiosteoporosis medications and direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic HCV infection on patients' bone health remain to be studied. SUMMARY Chronic HCV infection is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures among HIV-infected patients, even before the development of cirrhosis. The underlying mechanisms are being unraveled, but major questions persist regarding the optimal evaluation and management of bone health in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
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Armakolas N, Armakolas A, Antonopoulos A, Dimakakos A, Stathaki M, Koutsilieris M. The role of the IGF-1 Ec in myoskeletal system and osteosarcoma pathophysiology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 108:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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