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Marhefkova N, Sládek M, Sumová A, Dubsky M. Circadian dysfunction and cardio-metabolic disorders in humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1328139. [PMID: 38742195 PMCID: PMC11089151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1328139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The topic of human circadian rhythms is not only attracting the attention of clinical researchers from various fields but also sparking a growing public interest. The circadian system comprises the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the peripheral clocks in various tissues that are interconnected; together they coordinate many daily activities, including sleep and wakefulness, physical activity, food intake, glucose sensitivity and cardiovascular functions. Disruption of circadian regulation seems to be associated with metabolic disorders (particularly impaired glucose tolerance) and cardiovascular disease. Previous clinical trials revealed that disturbance of the circadian system, specifically due to shift work, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review is intended to provide clinicians who wish to implement knowledge of circadian disruption in diagnosis and strategies to avoid cardio-metabolic disease with a general overview of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marhefkova
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Sládek
- Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Sumová
- Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Dubsky
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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El Ouali EM, Kartibou J, Del Coso J, El Makhzen B, Bouguenouch L, El Harane S, Taib B, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Mesfioui A, Zouhal H. Genotypic and Allelic Distribution of the CD36 rs1761667 Polymorphism in High-Level Moroccan Athletes: A Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:419. [PMID: 38674354 PMCID: PMC11049038 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that variations in the CD36 gene may affect phenotypes associated with fat metabolism as the CD36 protein facilitates the transport of fatty acids to the mitochondria for oxidation. However, no previous study has tested whether variations in the CD36 gene are associated with sports performance. We investigated the genotypic and allelic distribution of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1761667 in the CD36 gene in elite Moroccan athletes (cyclists and hockey players) in comparison with healthy non-athletes of the same ethnic origin. Forty-three Moroccan elite male athletes (nineteen cyclists and twenty-four field hockey players) belonging to the national teams of their respective sports (athlete group) were compared to twenty-eight healthy, active, male university students (control group). Genotyping of the CD36 rs1761667 (G>A) SNP was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. A chi-square (χ2) test was used to assess the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and to compare allele and genotype frequencies in the "athlete" and "control" groups. The genotypic distribution of the CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism was similar in elite athletes (AA: 23.81, AG: 59.52, and GG: 16.67%) and controls (AA: 19.23, AG: 69.23, and GG: 11.54%; χ2 = 0.67, p = 0.71). However, the genotypic distribution of the CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism was different between cyclists (AA: 0.00, AG: 72.22, and GG: 27.78%) and hockey players (AA: 41.67, AG: 50.00, and GG: 8.33%; χ2 = 10.69, p = 0.004). Specifically, the frequency of the AA genotype was significantly lower in cyclists than in hockey players (p = 0.02). In terms of allele frequency, a significant difference was found between cyclists versus field hockey players (χ2 = 7.72, p = 0.005). Additionally, there was a predominance of the recessive model in cyclists over field hockey players (OR: 0.00, 95% CI: 0.00-0.35, p = 0.002). Our study shows a significant difference between cyclists and field hockey players in terms of the genotypic and allelic frequency of the SNP rs1761667 of the CD36 gene. This divergence suggests a probable association between genetic variations in the CD36 gene and the type of sport in elite Moroccan athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mokhtar El Ouali
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (E.M.E.O.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Jihan Kartibou
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (E.M.E.O.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Badreddine El Makhzen
- Medical Genetics Unit, Central Laboratory, CHU Hassan II, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30040, Morocco; (B.E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Medical Genetics Unit, Central Laboratory, CHU Hassan II, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30040, Morocco; (B.E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Sanae El Harane
- Institute of Sports Professions, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Bouchra Taib
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (K.W.); (B.K.)
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (E.M.E.O.); (J.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport et Santé)—EA 1274, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouër, France
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3
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Storoschuk KL, Lesiuk D, Nuttall J, LeBouedec M, Khansari A, Islam H, Gurd BJ. Impact of fasting on the AMPK and PGC-1α axis in rodent and human skeletal muscle: A systematic review. Metabolism 2024; 152:155768. [PMID: 38154612 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Based primarily on evidence from rodent models fasting is currently believed to improve metabolic health via activation of the AMPK-PGC-1α axis in skeletal muscle. However, it is unclear whether the skeletal muscle AMPK-PGC-1α axis is activated by fasting in humans. The current systematic review examined the fasting response in skeletal muscle from 34 selected studies (7 human, 21 mouse, and 6 rat). From these studies, we gathered 38 unique data points related to AMPK and 47 related to PGC-1α. In human studies, fasting mediated activation of the AMPK-PGC-1α axis is largely absent. Although evidence does support fasting-induced activation of the AMPK-PGC-1α axis in rodent skeletal muscle, the evidence is less robust than anticipated. Our findings question the ability of fasting to activate the AMPK-PGC-1α axis in human skeletal muscle and suggest that the metabolic benefits of fasting in humans are associated with caloric restriction rather than the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. Registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KWNQY.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Storoschuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Lesiuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Nuttall
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - M LeBouedec
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Khansari
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - B J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Sammut MJ, McBey DP, Sayal AP, Melling CWJ. The Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Insulin Resistance Development in Female Rodents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:5549762. [PMID: 38435452 PMCID: PMC10904684 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5549762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of insulin resistance (IR) development in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear; however, impaired skeletal muscle metabolism may play a role. While IR development has been established in male T1DM rodents, female rodents have yet to be examined in this context. Resistance exercise training (RT) has been shown to improve IR and is associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia onset in T1DM compared to aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of RT on IR development in female T1DM rodents. Forty Sprague Dawley eight-week-old female rats were divided into four groups: control sedentary (CS; n = 10), control trained (CT; n = 10), T1DM sedentary (DS; n = 10), and T1DM trained (DT; n = 10). Multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections were used to induce T1DM. Blood glucose levels were maintained in the 4-9 mmol/l range with intensive insulin therapy. CT and DT underwent weighted ladder climbing 5 days/week for six weeks. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were conducted on all animals following the six-week period. Results demonstrate that DS animals exhibited significantly increased weekly blood glucose measures compared to all groups including DT (p < 0.0001), despite similar insulin dosage levels. This was concomitant with a significant increase in insulin-adjusted area under the curve following IVGTT in DS (p < 0.05), indicative of a reduction in insulin sensitivity. Both DT and DS exhibited greater serum insulin concentrations compared to CT and CS (p < 0.05). DS animals also exhibited significantly greater glycogen content in white gastrocnemius muscle compared to CS and DT (p < 0.05), whereas DT and DS animals exhibited greater p-Akt: Akt ratio in the white vastus lateralis muscle and citrate synthase activity in the red vastus lateralis muscle compared to CS and CT (p < 0.05). These results indicate that female rodents with T1DM develop poor glycemic control and IR which can be attenuated with RT, possibly related to differences in intramyocellular glycogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J. Sammut
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David P. McBey
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amit P. Sayal
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - C. W. James Melling
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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5
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Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhu X, Wei Y, Zhao W, Si S, Li Y. A Mitochondrial Perspective on Noncommunicable Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030647. [PMID: 36979626 PMCID: PMC10045938 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the center of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells and play a central role in the metabolism of living organisms. Mitochondrial diseases characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation are the most common congenital diseases. Meanwhile, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by secondary factors such as non-inherited genetic mutations can affect normal physiological functions of human cells, induce apoptosis, and lead to the development of various diseases. This paper reviewed several major factors and mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and discussed the development of diseases closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction and drug treatment strategies discovered in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuanjuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuyi Si
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
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6
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Medeiros C, Wallace JM. High glucose-induced inhibition of osteoblast like MC3T3-E1 differentiation promotes mitochondrial perturbations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270001. [PMID: 35714142 PMCID: PMC9205493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes health concerns worldwide. Patients with diabetes exhibit multisystemic symptoms, including loss of bone quality over time. The progressive deterioration of bone promotes failure to withstand damage and increases the risk of fractures. Much of the molecular and metabolic mechanism(s) in diabetic bone remains unclear. In vitro studies suggest that hyperglycemia inhibits mineralization, affecting bone formation and function. In this study, inhibition of osteoblast differentiation was induced using hyperglycemia to assess whether high glucose promotes mitochondrial impairment along with altered bone matrix formation. It was hypothesized that bone energy metabolism would be altered in these cells as calcium deposition, a key phase for bone function, is suppressed. Early passages of osteoblast like MC3T3-E1 cells were differentiated under normal and high glucose conditions. To investigate osteoblast differentiation, we quantified calcium accumulation by alizarin red staining and analyzed immunoblots of key proteins. To assess mitochondrial function, we quantified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), detected expression and function of key proteins from the Tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle, measured mitochondrial respiration, and fuel oxidation of alternative nutrients. Results confirmed previous work showing that mineralization was inhibited and AKT expression was reduced in high glucose-treated bone cells. Unexpectedly, high glucose-treated osteoblast cells utilize both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis to maintain energy demands with partial help of fatty acid for reliance of baseline bioenergetics. These metabolic shifts suggest that hyperglycemia maintain bone metabolic needs in an early differentiated state concurrent to the inhibition in bone matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Medeiros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America,* E-mail:
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Nagayama C, Burns SF, Thackray AE, Stensel DJ, Miyashita M. Postprandial Metabolism and Physical Activity in Asians: A Narrative Review. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:953-966. [PMID: 34374040 PMCID: PMC8486483 DOI: 10.1055/a-1493-2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The widespread benefits of physical activity in enhancing health and lowering the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases are well established across populations globally. Nevertheless, the prevalence of several lifestyle-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, varies markedly across countries and ethnicities. Direct ethnic comparative studies on the health benefits of physical activity are sparse and evidence-based physical activity guidelines are not ethnicity-specific. Indeed, physical activity guidelines in some Asian countries were developed primarily based on data from Western populations even though the magnitude of potential benefit may not be the same among different ethnic groups. Unfavorable diurnal perturbations in postprandial triglycerides and glucose are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This narrative review summarizes differences in these risk factors primarily between individuals of Asian and white European descent but also within different Asian groups. Moreover, the variable effects of physical activity on mitigating risk factors among these ethnic groups are highlighted along with the underlying metabolic and hormonal factors that potentially account for these differences. Future ethnic comparative studies should include investigations in understudied ethnic groups, such as those of East Asian origin, given that the effectiveness of physical activity for ameliorating cardiovascular disease varies even among Asian groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nagayama
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Stephen F Burns
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Vecchiatto B, da Silva RC, Higa TS, Muller CR, Américo ALV, Fortunato-Lima VC, Ferreira MM, Martucci LF, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Evangelista FS. Oxidative phenotype induced by aerobic physical training prevents the obesity-linked insulin resistance without changes in gastrocnemius muscle ACE2-Angiotensin(1-7)-Mas axis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:74. [PMID: 34229719 PMCID: PMC8262010 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigate the effect of aerobic physical training (APT) on muscle morphofunctional markers and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin 1-7/Mas receptor (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas) axis in an obesity-linked insulin resistance (IR) animal model induced by cafeteria diet (CAF). METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned into groups CHOW-SED (chow diet, sedentary; n = 10), CHOW-TR (chow diet, trained; n = 10), CAF-SED (n = 10) and CAF-TR (n = 10). APT consisted in running sessions of 60 min at 60% of maximal speed, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. RESULTS Trained groups had lower body weight and adiposity compared with sedentary groups. CAF-TR improved the glucose and insulin tolerance tests compared with CAF-SED group (AUC = 28.896 ± 1589 vs. 35.200 ± 1076 mg dL-1 120 min-1; kITT = 4.1 ± 0.27 vs. 2.5 ± 0.28% min-1, respectively). CHOW-TR and CAF-TR groups increased exercise tolerance, running intensity at which VO2 max was reached, the expression of p-AMPK, p-ACC and PGC1-α proteins compared with CHOW-SED and CAF-SED. Mithocondrial protein expression of Mfn1, Mfn2 and Drp1 did not change. Lipid deposition reduced in CAF-TR compared with CAF-SED group (3.71 vs. 5.53%/area), but fiber typing, glycogen content, ACE2 activity, Ang 1-7 concentration and Mas receptor expression did not change. CONCLUSIONS The APT prevents obesity-linked IR by modifying the skeletal muscle phenotype to one more oxidative independent of changes in the muscle ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vecchiatto
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael C da Silva
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Talita S Higa
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Cynthia R Muller
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Laura V Américo
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Fortunato-Lima
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Marília M Ferreira
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Martucci
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana S Evangelista
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Ermelino Mattarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil.
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Khromova NV, Fedorov AV, Ma Y, Kondratov KA, Prikhodko SS, Ignatieva EV, Artemyeva MS, Anopova AD, Neimark AE, Kostareva AA, Babenko AY, Dmitrieva RI. Regulatory Action of Plasma from Patients with Obesity and Diabetes towards Muscle Cells Differentiation and Bioenergetics Revealed by the C2C12 Cell Model and MicroRNA Analysis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:769. [PMID: 34063883 PMCID: PMC8224077 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often combined and pathologically affect many tissues due to changes in circulating bioactive molecules. In this work, we evaluated the effect of blood plasma from obese (OB) patients or from obese patients comorbid with diabetes (OBD) on skeletal muscle function and metabolic state. We employed the mouse myoblasts C2C12 differentiation model to test the regulatory effect of plasma exposure at several levels: (1) cell morphology; (2) functional activity of mitochondria; (3) expression levels of several mitochondria regulators, i.e., Atgl, Pgc1b, and miR-378a-3p. Existing databases were used to computationally predict and analyze mir-378a-3p potential targets. We show that short-term exposure to OB or OBD patients' plasma is sufficient to affect C2C12 properties. In fact, the expression of genes that regulate skeletal muscle differentiation and growth was downregulated in both OB- and OBD-treated cells, maximal mitochondrial respiration rate was downregulated in the OBD group, while in the OB group, a metabolic switch to glycolysis was detected. These alterations correlated with a decrease in ATGL and Pgc1b expression in the OB group and with an increase of miR-378a-3p levels in the OBD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Khromova
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Anton V. Fedorov
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Yi Ma
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Kirill A. Kondratov
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Stanislava S. Prikhodko
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Elena V. Ignatieva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Marina S. Artemyeva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Anna D. Anopova
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Aleksandr E. Neimark
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Anna A. Kostareva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alina Yu. Babenko
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Renata I. Dmitrieva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.F.); (Y.M.); (K.A.K.); (S.S.P.); (E.V.I.); (M.S.A.); (A.D.A.); (A.E.N.); (A.A.K.); (A.Y.B.); (R.I.D.)
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10
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Paquin J, Lagacé JC, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. Exercising for Insulin Sensitivity - Is There a Mechanistic Relationship With Quantitative Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass? Front Physiol 2021; 12:656909. [PMID: 34054574 PMCID: PMC8149906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) tissue has been repetitively shown to play a major role in whole-body glucose homeostasis and overall metabolic health. Hence, SM hypertrophy through resistance training (RT) has been suggested to be favorable to glucose homeostasis in different populations, from young healthy to type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals. While RT has been shown to contribute to improved metabolic health, including insulin sensitivity surrogates, in multiple studies, a universal understanding of a mechanistic explanation is currently lacking. Furthermore, exercised-improved glucose homeostasis and quantitative changes of SM mass have been hypothesized to be concurrent but not necessarily causally associated. With a straightforward focus on exercise interventions, this narrative review aims to highlight the current level of evidence of the impact of SM hypertrophy on glucose homeostasis, as well various mechanisms that are likely to explain those effects. These mechanistic insights could provide a strengthened rationale for future research assessing alternative RT strategies to the current classical modalities, such as low-load, high repetition RT or high-volume circuit-style RT, in metabolically impaired populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Paquin
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagacé
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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11
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Zhao T, Le S, Freitag N, Schumann M, Wang X, Cheng S. Effect of Chronic Exercise Training on Blood Lactate Metabolism Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:652023. [PMID: 33776804 PMCID: PMC7992008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.652023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the effect of chronic exercise training on blood lactate metabolism at rest (i.e., basal lactate concentrations) and during exercise (i.e., blood lactate concentration at a fixed load, load at a fixed blood lactate concentration, and load at the individual blood lactate threshold) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: PubMed (MedLine), Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and case-control studies using chronic exercise training (i.e., 4 weeks) and that assessed blood lactate concentrations at rest and during exercise in T2DM patients were included. Results: Thirteen studies were eligible for the systematic review, while 12 studies with 312 participants were included into the meta-analysis. In the pre-to-post intervention meta-analysis, chronic exercise training had no significant effect on changes in basal blood lactate concentrations (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.55 to 0.16; p = 0.28), and the results were similar when comparing the effect of intervention and control groups. Furthermore, blood lactate concentration at a fixed load significantly decreased (SMD = -0.73; 95% CI, -1.17 to -0.29; p = 0.001), while load at a fixed blood lactate concentration increased (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.72; p = 0.02) after chronic exercise training. No change was observed in load at the individual blood lactate threshold (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.71; p = 0.20). Conclusion: Chronic exercise training does not statistically affect basal blood lactate concentrations; however, it may decrease the blood lactate concentrations during exercise, indicating improvements of physical performance capacity which is beneficial for T2DM patients' health in general. Why chronic exercise training did not affect basal blood lactate concentrations needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglong Le
- Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nils Freitag
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Olympic Training Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiuqiang Wang
- Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Endurance Runners with Intramyocellular Lipid Accumulation and High Insulin Sensitivity Have Enhanced Expression of Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism in Muscle. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123951. [PMID: 33291227 PMCID: PMC7762159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Endurance-trained athletes have high oxidative capacities, enhanced insulin sensitivities, and high intracellular lipid accumulation in muscle. These characteristics are likely due to altered gene expression levels in muscle. Design and setting: We compared intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), insulin sensitivity, and gene expression levels of the muscle in eight nonobese healthy men (control group) and seven male endurance athletes (athlete group). Their IMCL levels were measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their insulin sensitivity was evaluated by glucose infusion rate (GIR) during a euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp. Gene expression levels in the vastus lateralis were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and microarray analysis. Results: IMCL levels in the tibialis anterior muscle were approximately 2.5 times higher in the athlete group compared to the control group, while the IMCL levels in the soleus muscle and GIR were comparable. In the microarray hierarchical clustering analysis, gene expression patterns were not clearly divided into control and athlete groups. In a gene set enrichment analysis with Gene Ontology gene sets, “RESPONSE TO LIPID” was significantly upregulated in the athlete group compared with the control group. Indeed, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that, compared to the control group, the athlete group had 2–3 times higher expressions of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1A), adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs), and fatty acid transporters including fatty acid transporter-1, plasma membrane-associated fatty acid binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase. Conclusions: Endurance runners with higher IMCL levels have higher expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism such as PGC1A, AdipoRs, and fatty acid transporters in muscle.
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13
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Gemmink A, Daemen S, Brouwers B, Hoeks J, Schaart G, Knoops K, Schrauwen P, Hesselink MKC. Decoration of myocellular lipid droplets with perilipins as a marker for in vivo lipid droplet dynamics: A super-resolution microscopy study in trained athletes and insulin resistant individuals. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158852. [PMID: 33160079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In many different cell types neutral lipids can be stored in lipid droplets (LDs). Nowadays, LDs are viewed as dynamic organelles, which store and release fatty acids depending on energy demand (LD dynamics). Proteins like perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and PLIN5 decorate the LD membrane and are determinants of LD lipolysis and fat oxidation, thus affecting LD dynamics. Trained athletes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients both have high levels of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL). While IMCL content scales negatively with insulin resistance, athletes are highly insulin sensitive in contrast to T2D patients, the so-called athlete's paradox. Differences in LD dynamics may be an underlying factor explaining the athlete's paradox. We aimed to quantify PLIN2 and PLIN5 content at individual LDs as a reflection of the ability to switch between fatty acid release and storage depending on energy demand. Thus, we developed a novel fluorescent super-resolution microscopy approach and found that PLIN2 protein abundance at the LD surface was higher in T2D patients than in athletes. Localization of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) to the LD surface was lower in LDs abundantly decorated with PLIN2. While PLIN5 abundance at the LD surface was similar in athletes and T2D patients, we have observed previously that the number of PLIN5 decorated LDs was higher in athletes, indicating more LDs in close association with mitochondria. Thus, in athletes interaction of LDs with mitochondria was more pronounced and LDs have the protein machinery to be more dynamic, while in T2D patients the LD pool is more inert. This observation contributes to our understanding of the athlete's paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Daemen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Brouwers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- Microscopy Core Lab, FHML and M4I Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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14
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Zhou Y, Tan Y, Hou G, Ren Y, Deng Y, Yan K, Zhang Y, Lin L, Lou X, Liu S. Pathway attenuation of fatty acid beta-oxidation in the skeletal muscle of a type 2 diabetic mouse model. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8869. [PMID: 32562559 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Whether catabolic abnormalities of fatty acids exist in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been determined. In this study, we postulated that a systematic evaluation of the protein abundance and metabolic activity related to fatty acids in the skeletal muscle tissues of a T2DM mouse model was feasible to address this question. METHODS Mitochondria were extracted from wild-type (WT) and db/db mice followed by quantitative analysis of the proteins involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mFAO). The pathway activity of mFAO in skeletal muscle tissues was monitored in vitro using mass spectrometry, and tissue lipidomic analysis was conducted in profiling and target mode to distinguish the levels of long-chain acylcarnitines between WT and db/db mice. RESULTS Two proteins related to the mFAO pathway were significantly downregulated in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of db/db mice. The measurement of mFAO pathway activity in vitro revealed that the abundance of long-chain acylcarnitines (C14 to C18) in db/db mice was lower than that in WT mice, and the determination of acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle tissues in vivo revealed that most long-chain acylcarnitines were decreased in db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of lower abundance of ACAD9 and CPT1B, reduced activity of the mFAO pathway in vitro and decreased acylcarnitines in vivo firmly support that the mFAO pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic mice is attenuated, possibly resulting in cell/tissue dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Tan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixue Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yamei Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keqiang Yan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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15
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GPAT Gene Silencing in Muscle Reduces Diacylglycerols Content and Improves Insulin Action in Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197369. [PMID: 33036203 PMCID: PMC7583033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an important tissue responsible for glucose and lipid metabolism. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with the accumulation of bioactive lipids: long chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides. This leads to impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. There is little data on the involvement of DAG in the development of these disorders. Therefore, to clarify this enigma, the gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase enzyme (GPAT, responsible for DAG synthesis) was silenced through shRNA interference in the gastrocnemius muscle of animals with diet-induced insulin resistance. This work shows that HFD induces insulin resistance, which is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of plasma fatty acids and the level of bioactive lipids in muscle. The increase in these lipids inhibits the insulin pathway and reduces muscle glucose uptake. GPAT silencing through electroporation with shRNA plasmid leads to a reduction in DAG and triacylglycerol (TAG) content, an increase in the activity of the insulin pathway and glucose uptake without a significant effect on ceramide content. This work clearly shows that DAG accumulation has a significant effect on the induction of muscle insulin resistance and that inhibition of DAG synthesis through GPAT modulation may be a potential target in the treatment of insulin resistance.
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16
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Are Cape Peninsula baboons raiding their way to obesity and type II diabetes? - a comparative study. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110794. [PMID: 32827764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Researchers, managers and conservationists in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, have reported cases of individual baboons (Papio ursinus) appearing overweight, lethargic and having poor teeth. Despite an intensive baboon management programme, there are certain individual baboons and troops that continue to raid human food sources. These food sources often are high in processed carbohydrates and saturated fats. As this diet is highly associated with obesity, insulin resistance and type II diabetes, the present study aimed to establish if these baboons may be at risk of developing insulin resistance. Post mortem muscle samples from 17 Cape Peninsula and 7 control adult male baboons were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen and analysed for insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), oxidative and glycolytic markers of metabolism (citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities), and muscle fibre morphology. The sampled Peninsula baboons were heavier (33 ± 2 vs. 29 ± 2 kg, P < 0.05) and had a higher frequency of poor teeth compared to control baboons. Muscle fibre type, fibre size, GLUT4 content, oxidative and glycolytic metabolism were not different between the two groups. However, IRS-1 content, a marker of insulin sensitivity, was significantly lower (by 43%, P < 0.001) in the Peninsula baboons compared to the controls. This study provides the first indirect evidence that some Peninsula baboons with a history of raiding human food sources, may be at risk of developing insulin resistance in the wild, with long term implications for population health.
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17
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Goodpaster BH. CrossTalk proposal: Intramuscular lipid accumulation causes insulin resistance. J Physiol 2020; 598:3803-3806. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bret H. Goodpaster
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes Orlando FL USA
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18
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Goh J, Menke W, Herrick LP, Campbell MS, Abel MG, Fleenor BS, Bergstrom HC. Examination of Curcumin and Fenugreek Soluble Fiber Supplementation on Submaximal and Maximal Aerobic Performance Indices. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5020034. [PMID: 33467250 PMCID: PMC7739318 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examined the effects of curcumin and fenugreek soluble fiber supplementation on the ventilatory threshold (VT) and peak oxygen consumption ( V ˙ O2 peak). METHODS Forty-five untrained men and women were randomly assigned to one of three supplementation groups: placebo (PLA, n = 13), 500 mg·day-1 CurQfen® (CUR, n = 14), or 300 mg·day-1 fenugreek soluble fiber (FEN, n = 18). Participants completed a maximal graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine the VT and V ˙ O2 peak before (PRE) and after (POST) 28 days of daily supplementation. Separate, one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were used to examine the between-group differences for adjusted POST VT and V ˙ O2 peak values, covaried for the respective PRE-test values. RESULTS The adjusted POST VT V ˙ O2 values for the CUR (mean ± SD = 1.593 ± 0.157 L·min-1) and FEN (1.597 ± 0.157 L·min-1) groups were greater than (p = 0.039 and p = 0.025, respectively) the PLA (1.465 ± 0.155 L·min-1) group, but the FEN and CUR groups were not different (p = 0.943). There were no differences in the adjusted V ˙ O2 peak values (F = 0.613, p = 0.547) among groups. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that fenugreek soluble fiber was responsible for the improvements in the submaximal performance index for both CUR and FEN groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen Goh
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (J.G.); (W.M.); (L.P.H.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Walter Menke
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (J.G.); (W.M.); (L.P.H.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Lauren P. Herrick
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (J.G.); (W.M.); (L.P.H.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Marilyn S. Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (J.G.); (W.M.); (L.P.H.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Mark G. Abel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (J.G.); (W.M.); (L.P.H.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | | | - Haley C. Bergstrom
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (J.G.); (W.M.); (L.P.H.); (M.S.C.); (M.G.A.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Changes in Weight and Substrate Oxidation in Overweight Adults Following Isomaltulose Intake During a 12-Week Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102367. [PMID: 31590285 PMCID: PMC6836138 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-glycemic compared to high-glycemic diets have been shown to improve metabolic status and enhance fat oxidation. The randomized, double-blind, controlled intervention study aimed to evaluate the effects of an energy-reduced diet containing isomaltulose (ISO, Palatinose™) versus sucrose (SUC) on body weight loss. Sixty-four healthy overweight/obese adults were allocated to consume either 40 g/day ISO or SUC added to an energy-reduced diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and energy metabolism were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Fifty participants (age: 40.7 ± 11.7 y; BMI: 29.4 ± 2.7 kg/m²) completed the study. During the 12 weeks, both groups significantly lost weight (p < 0.001), which was more pronounced following ISO (−3.2 ± 2.9 vs. −2.1 ± 2.6 kg; p = 0.258). Moreover, for participants in the ISO group, this was accompanied by a significant reduction in fat mass (ISO: −1.9 ± 2.5, p = 0.005; SUC: −0.9 ± 2.6%, p = 0.224). The overall decrease in energy intake was significantly higher in the ISO compared to that in the SUC group (p = 0.022). In addition, breakfast containing ISO induced a significantly lower increase in postprandial respiratory quotient (RQ) (mean incremental area under the curve (iAUC)2h for ISO vs. SUC: 4.8 ± 4.1 vs. 6.9 ± 3.1, p = 0.047). The results suggest that ISO in exchange for SUC may help to facilitate body weight reduction, lower postprandial RQ associated with higher fat oxidation, and reduce energy intake.
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20
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Bastien M, Poirier P, Brassard P, Arsenault BJ, Bertrand OF, Després JP, Costerousse O, Piché ME. Effect of PPARγ agonist on aerobic exercise capacity in relation to body fat distribution in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: a 1-yr randomized study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E65-E73. [PMID: 30964707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00505.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeting metabolic determinants of exercise performance with pharmacological agents that would mimic/potentiate the effects of exercise represents an attractive clinical alternative to counterbalance the poor exercise capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the effect of 1-yr treatment with the insulin sensitizer peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist rosiglitazone on aerobic exercise capacity and body fat composition/distribution in men with T2DM and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). One-hundred four men (age: 64 ± 7 yr; body mass index: 30.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2) with T2DM and CAD were randomized to receive rosiglitazone or placebo for 1 yr. Aerobic exercise capacity (exercise duration) was assessed with a maximal treadmill test, and body composition/distribution were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry/computed tomography scans. At 1 yr, patients with T2DM under PPARγ agonist treatment showed a reduction in aerobic exercise capacity compared with the control group (exercise duration change, -31 ± 8 versus 7 ± 11 s, P = 0.009). Significant increases in body fat mass (3.1 ± 0.4 kg, 12%), abdominal and mid-thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) levels, and mid-thigh skeletal muscle fat were found (all P < 0.01), whereas no effect on visceral AT levels was observed (P > 0.05) under treatment. Subcutaneous fat mass gained under PPARγ agonist was the strongest predictor of the worsening in aerobic exercise capacity (P > 0.0001); no association was found with skeletal muscle fat infiltration nor visceral AT. Treatment with the insulin sensitizer PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone in patients with T2DM and CAD is associated with a worsening in aerobic exercise capacity, which seems to be mainly attributable to weight gain and subcutaneous fat mass expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Bastien
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | | | - Marie-Eve Piché
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University , Quebec , Canada
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21
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Thaane T, Motala AA, Mckune AJ. Lifestyle modification in the management of insulin resistance states in overweight/obesity: the role of exercise training. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2019.1608054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tshidi Thaane
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew J Mckune
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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22
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Savage DB, Watson L, Carr K, Adams C, Brage S, Chatterjee KK, Hodson L, Boesch C, Kemp GJ, Sleigh A. Accumulation of saturated intramyocellular lipid is associated with insulin resistance. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1323-1332. [PMID: 31048405 PMCID: PMC6602127 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation has been linked to both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive (athletes) states. Biochemical analysis of intramuscular triglyceride composition is confounded by extramyocellular triglycerides in biopsy samples, and hence the specific composition of IMCLs is unknown in these states. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to overcome this problem. Thus, we used a recently validated 1H MRS method to compare the compositional saturation index (CH2:CH3) and concentration independent of the composition (CH3) of IMCLs in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of 16 female insulin-resistant lipodystrophic subjects with that of age- and gender-matched athletes (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 41). The IMCL CH2:CH3 ratio was significantly higher in both muscles of the lipodystrophic subjects compared with controls but was similar in athletes and controls. IMCL CH2:CH3 was dependent on the IMCL concentration in the controls and, after adjusting the compositional index for quantity (CH2:CH3adj), could distinguish lipodystrophics from athletes. This CH2:CH3adj marker had a stronger relationship with insulin resistance than IMCL concentration alone and was inversely related to VO2max. The association of insulin resistance with the accumulation of saturated IMCLs is consistent with a potential pathogenic role for saturated fat and the reported benefits of exercise and diet in insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Watson
- National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Carr
- National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna K Chatterjee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Boesch
- Department of Clinical Research and Radiology AMSM, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology University of Liverpool and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom .,National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Brinkmann C, Kuckertz A, Schiffer T, Bloch W, Predel HG, Brixius K. Endurance training alters YKL40, PERM1, and HSP70 skeletal muscle protein contents in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Res 2019; 44:1-8. [PMID: 29781744 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1474920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fight against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is tremendously challenging. This pilot study investigates whether endurance training (3 times per week for 3 months, moderate intensity) can change the skeletal muscle protein contents of chitinase-3-like protein-1 (YKL40), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y coactivator-1 and estrogen-related receptor-induced regulator in muscle-1 (PERM1) and heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70), which have been discussed as novel therapeutically relevant targets. METHODS Muscle biopsies were obtained from overweight/obese men with T2DM (n = 7, years = 63 ± 9) at T1 (6 weeks pre-training), T2 (1 week pre-training) and T3 (3 to 4 days post-training). The protein levels of YKL40, PERM1, and HSP70 were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS YKL40, PERM1, and HSP70 were significantly upregulated following endurance training (T2-T3: +103%, +61%, +89%, p = 0.012, p = 0.010, p = 0.028). There was a fiber type-specific distribution of HSP70 with increased protein contents in type I fibers. A significant change in the fiber type distribution with an increase in type I fibers and a decrease in type II fibers was observed post-training. There were no significant differences for YKL40, PERM1, HSP70, or the fiber type distribution between T1 and T2. CONCLUSION The training-induced upregulation of YKL40, PERM1, and HSP70 could help manage the diabetic disease and reduce its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brinkmann
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
- c IST University of Applied Sciences , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Anika Kuckertz
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- d Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Klara Brixius
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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24
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Larsen S, Dandanell S, Kristensen KB, Jørgensen SD, Dela F, Helge JW. Influence of exercise amount and intensity on long-term weight loss maintenance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial ROS production in humans. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:958-964. [PMID: 30664360 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sustaining a weight loss after a lifestyle intervention is challenging. The objective of the present study was to investigate if mitochondrial function is associated with the ability to maintain a weight loss. Sixty-eight former participants in an 11-12-week lifestyle intervention were recruited into 2 groups; weight loss maintenance (WLM; body mass index (BMI): 32 ± 1 kg/m2) and weight regain (WR; BMI: 43 ± 2 kg/m2) based on weight loss measured at a follow-up visit (WLM: 4.8 ± 0.4; WR: 7.6 ± 0.8 years after lifestyle intervention). Maximal oxygen consumption rate, physical activity level, and blood and muscle samples were obtained at the follow-up experiment. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. Fasting blood samples were used to calculate glucose homeostasis index. WR had impaired glucose homeostasis and decreased maximal oxygen uptake and physical activity level compared with WLM. The decreased physical activity in WR was due to a lower activity level at vigorous and moderate intensities. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and citrate synthase (CS) activity was higher in WLM, but intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity (mitochondrial respiratory capacity corrected for mitochondrial content (CS activity)) was similar. ROS production was higher in WR compared with WLM, which was accompanied by a decreased content of antioxidant proteins in WR. Intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle is not associated with the ability to maintain a long-term weight loss. WLM had a higher maximal oxygen uptake, physical activity level, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and CS activity compared with WR. The reduced glucose tolerance was concurrent with increased ROS production per mitochondria in WR, and could also be associated with the lower physical activity level in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Larsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Sune Dandanell
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Kasper Birch Kristensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sofie Drevsholt Jørgensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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25
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Wu Q, Wang Q, Fu J, Ren R. Polysaccharides derived from natural sources regulate triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism: a review of the mechanisms. Food Funct 2019; 10:2330-2339. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of hypolipidemic mechanism of polysaccharides from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqian Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
| | - Qintao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
| | - Junfen Fu
- Children's Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Rendong Ren
- School of Public Health
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou
- China
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26
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de Matos MA, Vieira DV, Pinhal KC, Lopes JF, Dias-Peixoto MF, Pauli JR, de Castro Magalhães F, Little JP, Rocha-Vieira E, Amorim FT. High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Markers of Oxidative Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Individuals With Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1451. [PMID: 30429793 PMCID: PMC6220130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The excess body fat characteristic of obesity is related to various metabolic alterations, which includes insulin resistance (IR). Among the non-pharmacological measures used to improve insulin sensitivity are aerobic physical training, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of HIIT on blood and skeletal muscle markers related to IR and oxidative metabolism in physically inactive individuals with obesity and compared the changes between insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant phenotypes. Methods: Initially to investigate the effect of obesity and IR in the analyzed parameters, insulin-sensitive eutrophic volunteers (CON; n = 9) and obese non-insulin (OB; n = 9) and insulin-resistant (OBR; n = 8) were enrolled. Volunteers with obesity completed 8 weeks of HIIT in a cycle ergometer. Venous blood and vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before and after the HIIT. Body composition and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were estimated before and after HIIT. Results: HIIT reduced IR assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in OBR (4.4 ± 1.4 versus 4.1 ± 2.2 μU L−2), but not in OB (HOMA-IR 1.8 ± 0.5 versus 2.3 ± 1.0 μU L−2) volunteers. HIIT increased VO2peak with no change in body fat in both groups. In skeletal muscle, HIIT increased the phosphorylation of IRS (Tyr612), Akt (Ser473), and increased protein content of β-HAD and COX-IV in both groups. There was a reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in OBR after HIIT. Conclusion: Eight weeks of HIIT increased the content of proteins related to oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of individuals with obesity, independent of changes total body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aguiar de Matos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Dênia Vargas Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Pinhal
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Freitas Lopes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Exercício, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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27
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Pardo R, Vilà M, Cervela L, de Marco M, Gama-Pérez P, González-Franquesa A, Statuto L, Vilallonga R, Simó R, Garcia-Roves PM, Villena JA. Calorie restriction prevents diet-induced insulin resistance independently of PGC-1-driven mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipose tissue. FASEB J 2018; 33:2343-2358. [PMID: 30277821 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) exerts remarkable, beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Given the relevance of white adipose tissue (WAT) in glucose homeostasis, we aimed at identifying the main cellular processes regulated in WAT in response to CR in a pathologic context of obesity. For this, a gene-expression profiling study was first conducted in mice fed ad libitum or subjected to 40% CR. We found that the gene network related to mitochondria was the most highly upregulated in WAT by CR. To study the role that increased mitochondrial biogenesis plays on glucose homeostasis following CR, we generated a mouse model devoid of the coactivators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1)α and PGC-1β specifically in adipocytes. Our results show that mice lacking PGC-1s in adipocytes are unable to increase mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT upon CR. Despite a blunted induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in response to calorie deprivation, mice lacking adipose PGC-1s still respond to CR by improving their glucose homeostasis. Our study demonstrates that PGC-1 coactivators are major regulators of CR-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT and that increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in adipose tissue are not required for the improvement of glucose homeostasis mediated by CR.-Pardo, R., Vilà, M., Cervela, L., de Marco, M., Gama-Pérez, P., González-Franquesa, A., Statuto, L., Vilallonga, R., Simó, R., Garcia-Roves, P. M., Villena, J. A. Calorie restriction prevents diet-induced insulin resistance independently of PGC-1-driven mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilà
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Cervela
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina de Marco
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Pérez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba González-Franquesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Statuto
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Vilallonga
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Unit, European Accreditation Council for Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Unit of Diabetes and Metabolism, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Gilbertson NM, Eichner NZM, Francois M, Gaitán JM, Heiston EM, Weltman A, Malin SK. Glucose Tolerance is Linked to Postprandial Fuel Use Independent of Exercise Dose. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:2058-2066. [PMID: 29762253 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal short-term exercise dose to improve glucose tolerance in relation to metabolic flexibility and/or insulin resistance is unknown. Therefore, we tested if short-term, work-matched continuous (CONT) versus interval (INT) exercise training improves glucose tolerance in part by reducing insulin resistance and increasing metabolic flexibility independent of clinically meaningful fat loss in adults with prediabetes. METHODS Subjects (age = 60.9 ± 1.4 yr, body mass index = 33.5 ± 1.1 kg·m) were screened for prediabetes using the American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] and/or HbA1c) and were randomized to 60 min·d of supervised CONT (n = 17, 70% HRpeak) or work-matched INT (n = 14; 90% HRpeak for 3 min and 50% HRpeak for 3 min) exercise for 12 bouts. Fitness (V˙O2peak) and body composition were assessed pre- and postintervention. A 180-min 75-g OGTT was performed, and glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids were collected to calculate glucose tolerance (tAUC180min) and whole-body as well as adipose tissue insulin resistance pre- and postintervention. RER (indirect calorimetry) was also measured at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min of the OGTT to assess fasting and postprandial metabolic flexibility. RESULTS CONT and INT training improved V˙O2peak (L·min; P = 0.001) and glucose tolerance (P = 0.01) and reduced fasting RER (P = 0.006), as well as whole-body and adipose insulin resistance (both P = 0.02) with no effect on body fat (P = 0.18). Increased postprandial RER was correlated with reduced glucose tAUC180min (r = -0.38, P = 0.05) and increased 180-min RER related to decreased whole-body insulin resistance (r = -0.42, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Independent of exercise dose and fat loss, short-term training improves glucose tolerance in relation to enhanced postprandial fuel use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monique Francois
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Julian M Gaitán
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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29
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical function) is increasing in adults aged 65 years and older. A major subset of adults over the age of 65 is now classified as having sarcopenic obesity, a high-risk geriatric syndrome predominantly observed in an ageing population that is at risk of synergistic complications from both sarcopenia and obesity. This Review discusses pathways and mechanisms leading to muscle impairment in older adults with obesity. We explore sex-specific hormonal changes, inflammatory pathways and myocellular mechanisms leading to the development of sarcopenic obesity. We discuss the evolution, controversies and challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity and present current body composition modalities used to assess this condition. Epidemiological surveys form the basis of defining its prevalence and consequences beyond comorbidity and mortality. Current treatment strategies, and the evidence supporting them, are outlined, with a focus on calorie restriction, protein supplementation and aerobic and resistance exercises. We also describe weight loss-induced complications in patients with sarcopenic obesity that are relevant to clinical management. Finally, we review novel and potential future therapies including testosterone, selective androgen receptor modulators, myostatin inhibitors, ghrelin analogues, vitamin K and mesenchymal stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Batsis
- Sections of General Internal Medicine and Weight and Wellness, and the Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, The Health Promotion Research Center and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Lee MR, Jung SM, Bang H, Kim HS, Kim YB. Association between muscle strength and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Korea: Data from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES) VI. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10984. [PMID: 29879054 PMCID: PMC5999476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant chronic disease, and health burden from DM is increasing. Recently, studies on the relationship between handgrip strength, which is a measuring tool for muscle strength, and type 2 DM were published. However, the results have been conflicting. In addition, few studies that used data from adults in Korea have been conducted. Thus, this study aimed to identify the association between handgrip strength as well as type 2 DM and insulin resistance in adults using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2014 to 2015. Inflammation is a condition affecting the muscle strength of individuals with type 2 DM; therefore, its mediating effects were also examined.We included 8208 participants aged between 19 and 80 years who had undergone a handgrip test and had received information about type 2 DM. General linear and binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between handgrip strength and type 2 DM variables. In addition, mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the role of inflammation in the relationship between handgrip strength and type 2 DM.After adjusting for age, sex, education, alcohol consumption, lifetime smoking, obesity, and aerobic physical activity, handgrip strength was inversely associated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and fasting insulin levels as well as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that handgrip strength was significantly inversely associated with type 2 DM and insulin resistance. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an inflammation-related biomarker, mediated approximately 10% of the association between handgrip strength and type 2 DM.Using large, well-defined, nationally representative cross-sectional data on adults in Korea, we found that handgrip strength, which is an indicator of muscle strength, was associated with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ri Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Chungcheongnam-do
| | - Sung Min Jung
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Bang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Chungcheongnam-do
| | - Hwa Sung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Chungcheongnam-do
| | - Yong Bae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Chungcheongnam-do
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Gemmink A, Daemen S, Brouwers B, Huntjens PR, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Jörgensen J, Hoeks J, Schrauwen P, Hesselink MKC. Dissociation of intramyocellular lipid storage and insulin resistance in trained athletes and type 2 diabetes patients; involvement of perilipin 5? J Physiol 2017; 596:857-868. [PMID: 29110300 DOI: 10.1113/jp275182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Intramyocellular lipid storage is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity. However, endurance trained athletes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients store similar amounts of lipids in their muscle; the so-called athlete's paradox. Compared to T2DM, trained athletes possess higher levels of perilipin 5 (PLIN5), a lipid droplet (LD) coating protein. We examined whether coating LD with PLIN5 affects the pattern of muscle lipid (LD size and number) in relation to the athlete's paradox. Despite differences in PLIN5 protein content, we observed that coating the LD with PLIN5 could not explain the observed differences in LD size and number between athletes and T2DM. PLIN5-coated LDs were positively associated with oxidative capacity but not with insulin sensitivity. We conclude that coating of LDs with PLIN5 cannot causally explain the athlete's paradox. ABSTRACT Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) hampers insulin sensitivity, albeit not in endurance-trained athletes (Trained). Compared to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, Trained subjects have high levels of perilipin 5 (PLIN5). In the present study, we tested whether the fraction of PLIN5-coated lipid droplets (LDs) is a determinant of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and contributes to the athlete's paradox. Muscle biopsies were taken from eight Trained, Lean sedentary, Obese and T2DM subjects. Trained, Obese and T2DM subjects were matched for total IMCL content. Confocal images were analysed for lipid area fraction, LD size and number and PLIN5+ and PLIN5- LDs were measured. A stepwise linear regression was performed to identify factors explaining observed variance in glucose infusion rate (GIR). Trained and T2DM subjects stored IMCL differently; Trained subjects had a higher number of LDs compared to T2DM subjects (0.037 ± 0.004 μm-2 vs. 0.023 ± 0.003 μm-2 , P = 0.024) that were non-significantly smaller (0.27 ± 0.01 μm2 vs. 0.32 ± 0.02 μm2 , P = 0.197, Trained vs. T2DM). Even though total PLIN5 protein content was almost double in Trained vs. T2DM subjects (1.65 ± 0.21 AU vs. 0.89 ± 0.09 AU, P = 0.004), PLIN5 coating did not affect LD number or size significantly. Of the observed variance in GIR, the largest fraction by far (70.2%) was explained by maximal oxygen uptake. Adding PLIN5 protein content or PLIN5+ LDs increased the explained variance in GIR (74.7% and 80.7% for PLIN5 protein content and PLIN5+ LDs, respectively). Thus, the putative relationship between PLIN5 and insulin sensitivity is at best indirect and is apparent only in conjunction with maximal oxygen uptake. Hence, PLIN5 abundance cannot be causally linked to the athlete's paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gemmink
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Daemen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Brouwers
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Current affiliation: Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Peter R Huntjens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Jörgensen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Brinkmann C, Przyklenk A, Metten A, Schiffer T, Bloch W, Brixius K, Gehlert S. Influence of endurance training on skeletal muscle mitophagy regulatory proteins in type 2 diabetic men. Endocr Res 2017; 42:325-330. [PMID: 28537848 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2017.1323914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy is a form of autophagy for the elimination of mitochondria. Mitochondrial content and function are reduced in the skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Physical training has been shown to restore mitochondrial capacity in T2DM patients, but the role of mitophagy has not been examined in this context. This study analyzes the impact of a 3-month endurance training on important skeletal muscle mitophagy regulatory proteins and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in T2DM patients. METHODS Muscle biopsies were obtained from eight overweight/obese T2DM men (61±10 years) at T1 (6 weeks pre-training), T2 (1 week pre-training), and T3 (3 to 4 days post-training). Protein contents were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS The training increased mitochondrial complex II significantly (T2-T3: +29%, p = 0.037). The protein contents of mitophagy regulatory proteins (phosphorylated form of forkhead box O3A (pFOXO3A), mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase-1 (MUL1), Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kD interacting protein-3 (BNIP3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B (the ratio LC3B-II/LC3B-I was determined)) did not differ significantly between T1, T2, and T3. CONCLUSIONS The results imply that training-induced changes in OXPHOS subunits (significant increase in complex II) are not accompanied by changes in mitophagy regulatory proteins in T2DM men. Future studies should elucidate whether acute exercise might affect mitophagic processes in T2DM patients (and whether a transient regulation of mitophagy regulatory proteins is evident) to fully clarify the role of physical activity and mitophagy for mitochondrial health in this particular patient group.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biopsy, Needle
- Blotting, Western
- Body Mass Index
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Electron Transport Complex II/biosynthesis
- Enzyme Induction
- Exercise
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Mitophagy
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Overweight/complications
- Overweight/metabolism
- Overweight/pathology
- Overweight/therapy
- Phosphorylation
- Physical Endurance
- Physical Exertion
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brinkmann
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Germany
- b IST University of Applied Sciences , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Axel Przyklenk
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Germany
| | - Alexander Metten
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- c Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation, German Sport University Cologne , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Germany
| | - Klara Brixius
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine , German Sport University Cologne , Germany
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Tang W, Tang S, Wang H, Ge Z, Zhu D, Bi Y. Insulin restores UCP3 activity and decreases energy surfeit to alleviate lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:2000-2010. [PMID: 29039450 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An early insulin regimen ameliorates glucotoxicity but also lipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondria in lipid regulation following early insulin administration in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle cells. Male C57BL/6 mice, fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, were treated with insulin for 3 weeks, and L6 myotubes cultured with palmitate (PA) for 24 h were incubated with insulin for another 12 h. The results showed that insulin facilitated systemic glucose disposal and attenuated muscular triglyceride accumulation in vivo. Recovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, inhibition of sterol-regulated element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase‑1B (CPT1B) expression were observed after insulin administration. Moreover, increased ATP concentration and cellular energy charge elicited by over-nutrition were suppressed by insulin. Despite maintaining respiratory complex activities, insulin restored muscular uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) protein expression in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, knockdown of UCP3 abrogated insulin-induced restoration of AMPK phosphorylation in vitro. Importantly, the PA-induced decrease in UCP3 was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, and insulin reduced UCP3 ubiquitination, thereby prohibiting its degradation. Our findings, focusing on energy balance, provide a mechanistic understanding of the promising effect of early insulin initiation on lipotoxicity. Insulin, by recovering UCP3 activity, alleviated energy surfeit and potentiated AMPK-mediated lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells following exposure to PA and in gastrocnemius of mice fed HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Sunyinyan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Koo JH, Kim TH, Park SY, Joo MS, Han CY, Choi CS, Kim SG. Gα13 ablation reprograms myofibers to oxidative phenotype and enhances whole-body metabolism. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3845-3860. [PMID: 28920922 DOI: 10.1172/jci92067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a key organ in energy homeostasis owing to its high requirement for nutrients. Heterotrimeric G proteins converge signals from cell-surface receptors to potentiate or blunt responses against environmental changes. Here, we show that muscle-specific ablation of Gα13 in mice promotes reprogramming of myofibers to the oxidative type, with resultant increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular respiration. Mechanistically, Gα13 and its downstream effector RhoA suppressed nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), a chief regulator of myofiber conversion, by increasing Rho-associated kinase 2-mediated (Rock2-mediated) phosphorylation at Ser243. Ser243 phosphorylation of NFATc1 was reduced after exercise, but was higher in obese animals. Consequently, Gα13 ablation in muscles enhanced whole-body energy metabolism and increased insulin sensitivity, thus affording protection from diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Our results define Gα13 as a switch regulator of myofiber reprogramming, implying that modulations of Gα13 and its downstream effectors in skeletal muscle are a potential therapeutic approach to treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shi-Young Park
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Joo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.,Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Zabielski P, Chacinska M, Charkiewicz K, Baranowski M, Gorski J, Blachnio-Zabielska AU. Effect of metformin on bioactive lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant muscle. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:329-340. [PMID: 28522731 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular accumulation of bioactive lipids leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is lack of consensus concerning which of the lipid mediators has the greatest impact on muscle insulin action in vivo Our aim was to elucidate the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and metformin (Met) on skeletal muscle bioactive lipid accumulation and insulin resistance (IR) in rats. We employed a [U-13C]palmitate isotope tracer and mass spectrometry to measure the content and fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of intramuscular long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACoA), diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramide (Cer). Eight weeks of HFD-induced intramuscular accumulation of LCACoA, DAG and Cer accompanied by both systemic and skeletal muscle IR. Metformin treatment improved insulin sensitivity at both systemic and muscular level by the augmentation of Akt/PKB and AS160 phosphorylation and decreased the content of DAG and Cer and their respective FSR. Principal component analysis (PCA) of lipid variables revealed that altered skeletal muscle IR was associated with lipid species containing 18-carbon acyl-chain, especially with C18:0-Cer, C18:1-Cer, 18:0/18:2-DAG and 18:2/18:2-DAG, but not palmitate-derived lipids. It is concluded that the insulin-sensitizing action of metformin in skeletal muscle is associated with decreased 18-carbon acyl-chain-derived bioactive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical BiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Chacinska
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of HygieneEpidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol Charkiewicz
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of PerinatologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gorski
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka U Blachnio-Zabielska
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of HygieneEpidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: A cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:200-221. [PMID: 27702700 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass coupled with functional deterioration, may be exacerbated by obesity leading to higher disability, frailty, morbidity and mortality rates. In the combination of sarcopenia and obesity, the state called sarcopenic obesity (SOB), some key age- and obesity-mediated factors and pathways may aggravate sarcopenia. This review will analyze the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SOB. In obese adipose tissue (AT), adipocytes undergo hypertrophy, hyperplasia and activation resulted in accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and other immune cells as well as dysregulated production of various adipokines that together with senescent cells and the immune cell-released cytokines and chemokines create a local pro-inflammatory status. In addition, obese AT is characterized by excessive production and disturbed capacity to store lipids, which accumulate ectopically in skeletal muscle. These intramuscular lipids and their derivatives induce mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired β-oxidation capacity and increased reactive oxygen species formation providing lipotoxic environment and insulin resistance as well as enhanced secretion of some pro-inflammatory myokines capable of inducing muscle dysfunction by auto/paracrine manner. In turn, by endocrine manner, these myokines may exacerbate AT inflammation and also support chronic low grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), overall establishing a detrimental vicious circle maintaining AT and skeletal muscle inflammation, thus triggering and supporting SOB development. Under these circumstances, we believe that AT inflammation dominates over skeletal muscle inflammation. Thus, in essence, it redirects the vector of processes from "sarcopenia→obesity" to "obesity→sarcopenia". We therefore propose that this condition be defined as "obese sarcopenia", to reflect the direction of the pathological pathway.
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Bird SR, Hawley JA. Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 2:e000143. [PMID: 28879026 PMCID: PMC5569266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS This review presents established knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on whole-body insulin sensitivity (SI) and summarises the findings of recent (2013-2016) studies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Recent studies provide further evidence to support the notion that regular PA reduces the risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and SI improves when individuals comply with exercise and/or PA guidelines. Many studies indicate a dose response, with higher energy expenditures and higher exercise intensities, including high intensity interval training (HIIT), producing greater benefits on whole-body SI, although these findings are not unanimous. Aerobic exercise interventions can improve SI without an associated increase in cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by maximal or peak oxygen consumption. Both aerobic and resistance exercise can induce improvements in glycaemic regulation, with some suggestions that exercise regimens including both may be more efficacious than either exercise mode alone. Some studies report exercise-induced benefits to SI that are independent of habitual diet and weight loss, while others indicate an association with fat reduction, hence the debate over the relative importance of PA and weight loss continues. During exercise, muscle contraction stimulated improvements in SI are associated with increases in AMPK activity, which deactivates TCB1D1, promoting GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane and thereby increasing glucose uptake. Postexercise, increases in Akt deactivate TCB1D4 and thereby increase GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane. The reduction in intramuscular saturated fatty acids and concomitant reductions in ceramides, but not diacylglycerols, provide a potential link between intramuscular lipid content and SI. Increased skeletal muscle capillarisation provides another independent adaptation through which SI is improved, as does enhanced β cell activity. Recent studies are combining exercise interventions with dietary and feeding manipulations to investigate the potential for augmenting the exercise-induced improvements in SI and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Bird
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Mary MaKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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38
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Julien SG, Kim SY, Brunmeir R, Sinnakannu JR, Ge X, Li H, Ma W, Yaligar J, KN BP, Velan SS, Röder PV, Zhang Q, Sim CK, Wu J, Garcia-Miralles M, Pouladi MA, Xie W, McFarlane C, Han W, Xu F. Narciclasine attenuates diet-induced obesity by promoting oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e1002597. [PMID: 28207742 PMCID: PMC5331945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity develops when caloric intake exceeds metabolic needs. Promoting energy expenditure represents an attractive approach in the prevention of this fast-spreading epidemic. Here, we report a novel pharmacological strategy in which a natural compound, narciclasine (ncls), attenuates diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice by promoting energy expenditure. Moreover, ncls promotes fat clearance from peripheral metabolic tissues, improves blood metabolic parameters in DIO mice, and protects these mice from the loss of voluntary physical activity. Further investigation suggested that ncls achieves these beneficial effects by promoting a shift from glycolytic to oxidative muscle fibers in the DIO mice thereby enhancing mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, ncls strongly activates AMPK signaling specifically in the skeletal muscle. The beneficial effects of ncls treatment in fat clearance and AMPK activation were faithfully reproduced in vitro in cultured murine and human primary myotubes. Mechanistically, ncls increases cellular cAMP concentration and ADP/ATP ratio, which further lead to the activation of AMPK signaling. Blocking AMPK signaling through a specific inhibitor significantly reduces FAO in myotubes. Finally, ncls also enhances mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species in cultured myotubes. Narciclasine is a natural compound that attenuates diet-induced obesity in mice by promoting energy expenditure; it also induces a number of beneficial metabolic effects and activates AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle. Obesity results from the imbalance of food intake and energy expenditure. Since the restriction of food intake is difficult and inefficient in maintaining long-term weight loss, enhancing energy expenditure is now an attractive approach in combating obesity. Here, we analysed the role in this process of a natural compound called narciclasine. We showed that narciclasine treatment reduces excess fat accumulation in peripheral metabolic tissues, improves blood metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity in obese mice, and protects these mice from the loss of voluntary physical activity. Further investigation suggested that narciclasine enhances mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid consumption in the skeletal muscle. In addition, narciclasine strongly activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which is a central sensor of the cellular energy status and a key player in maintaining energy homeostasis, specifically in the skeletal muscle. Mechanistically, we found that narciclasine increases cAMP concentration and ADP/ATP ratio in muscle cells, which further lead to AMPK activation. Finally, we observed that narciclasine increases mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species in muscle cells. Our findings suggest that narciclasine is a natural compound that attenuates diet-induced obesity in mice by promoting energy expenditure.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Respiration/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Diet/adverse effects
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Phenanthridines/pharmacology
- Phenanthridines/therapeutic use
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/therapeutic use
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi G. Julien
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sun-Yee Kim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joanna R. Sinnakannu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaojia Ge
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hongyu Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Metabolic Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bhanu Prakash KN
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Metabolic Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sendhil S. Velan
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Metabolic Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pia V. Röder
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qiongyi Zhang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Sim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A. Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Craig McFarlane
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Stinkens R, Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve glucose metabolism. Obes Rev 2015; 16:715-57. [PMID: 26179344 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas play an important role in the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alterations in diet composition may contribute to prevent and/or reverse these disturbances through modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Besides an increased fat mass, adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by an altered capacity to store lipids and an altered secretion of adipokines, may result in lipid overflow, systemic inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues like liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. These impairments together promote the development of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, intrinsic functional impairments in either of these organs may contribute to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. The present review provides an overview of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and gut, which can be targeted by diet or food components, thereby improving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stinkens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pecorella SRH, Potter JVF, Cherry AD, Peacher DF, Welty-Wolf KE, Moon RE, Piantadosi CA, Suliman HB. The HO-1/CO system regulates mitochondrial-capillary density relationships in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L857-71. [PMID: 26186946 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) system induces mitochondrial biogenesis, but its biological impact in human skeletal muscle is uncertain. The enzyme system generates CO, which stimulates mitochondrial proliferation in normal muscle. Here we examined whether CO breathing can be used to produce a coordinated metabolic and vascular response in human skeletal muscle. In 19 healthy subjects, we performed vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and tested one-legged maximal O2 uptake (V̇o2max) before and after breathing air or CO (200 ppm) for 1 h daily for 5 days. In response to CO, there was robust HO-1 induction along with increased mRNA levels for nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), cytochrome c, cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (COX IV), and mitochondrial-encoded COX I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NDI). CO breathing did not increase V̇o2max (1.96 ± 0.51 pre-CO, 1.87 ± 0.50 post-CO l/min; P = not significant) but did increase muscle citrate synthase, mitochondrial density (139.0 ± 34.9 pre-CO, 219.0 ± 36.2 post-CO; no. of mitochondrial profiles/field), myoglobin content and glucose transporter (GLUT4) protein level and led to GLUT4 localization to the myocyte membrane, all consistent with expansion of the tissue O2 transport system. These responses were attended by increased cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31)-positive muscle capillaries (1.78 ± 0.16 pre-CO, 2.37 ± 0.59 post-CO; capillaries/muscle fiber), implying the enrichment of microvascular O2 reserve. The findings support that induction of the HO-1/CO system by CO not only improves muscle mitochondrial density, but regulates myoglobin content, GLUT4 localization, and capillarity in accordance with current concepts of skeletal muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly R H Pecorella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Jennifer V F Potter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Anne D Cherry
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Dionne F Peacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Karen E Welty-Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard E Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hagir B Suliman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetic efficiency and aging. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10674-85. [PMID: 25970752 PMCID: PMC4463669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of maximal cell functionality, and mitochondria are considered a key factor in aging process, since they determine the ATP availability in the cells. Mitochondrial performance during aging in skeletal muscle is reported to be either decreased or unchanged. This heterogeneity of results could partly be due to the method used to assess mitochondrial performance. In addition, in skeletal muscle the mitochondrial population is heterogeneous, composed of subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to summarize the results obtained on the functionality of the above mitochondrial populations during aging, taking into account that the mitochondrial performance depends on organelle number, organelle activity, and energetic efficiency of the mitochondrial machinery in synthesizing ATP from the oxidation of fuels.
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Constantinescu S, Turcotte LP. Amelioration of palmitate-induced metabolic dysfunction in L6 muscle cells expressing low levels of receptor-interacting protein 140. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:913-22. [PMID: 26406163 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that reduced expression of receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) alters the regulation of fatty-acid (FA) oxidation in muscle. To determine whether a high level of FA availability alters the effects of RIP140 on metabolic regulation, L6 myotubes were transfected with or without RNA interference oligonucleotide sequences to reduce RIP140 expression, and then incubated with high levels of palmitic acid, with or without insulin. High levels of palmitate reduced basal (53%-58%) and insulin-treated (24%-44%) FA uptake and oxidation, and increased basal glucose uptake (88%). In cells incubated with high levels of palmitate, low RIP140 increased basal FA uptake and insulin-treated FA oxidation and glucose uptake, and decreased basal glucose uptake and insulin-treated FA uptake. Under basal conditions, low RIP140 increased the mRNA content of FAT/CD36 (159%) and COX4 (61%), as well as the protein content of Nur77 (68%), whereas the mRNA expression of FGF21 (50%) was decreased, as was the protein content of CPT1b (35%) and FGF21 (44%). Under insulin-treated conditions, low RIP140 expression increased the mRNA content of MCAD (84%) and Nur77 (84%), as well as the protein content of Nur77 (23%). Thus, a low level of RIP140 restores the rates of FA uptake in the basal state, in part via a reduction in upstream insulin signaling. Our data also indicate that the protein expression of Nur77 may be modulated by RIP140 when muscle cells are metabolically challenged by high levels of palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Constantinescu
- b Department of Math and Science, Marymount California University, Rancho Palos Verdes, California, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3560 Watt Way, PED 107, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA
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43
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Increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase expression in cultured myotubes from obese and diabetic individuals. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1033-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ritchie IRW, Wright DC, Dyck DJ. Adiponectin is not required for exercise training-induced improvements in glucose and insulin tolerance in mice. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/9/e12146. [PMID: 25214523 PMCID: PMC4270243 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad) is a potent insulin‐sensitizing adipokine that has been found to activate pathways involved in the adaptation to exercise. Therefore, we examined whether Ad is required for the increased insulin response observed following exercise training in Ad knockout mice (AdKO). Eight weeks of exercise training significantly increased glucose and insulin tolerance in both wild type (WT) and AdKO mice. There were no differences in glucose tolerance between genotypes but insulin tolerance was improved to a greater extent in AdKO compared to WT mice following exercise training (+26%, P < 0.05). There were no genotype differences in the insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of AKT or AS160 in red or white gastrocnemius muscle (RG, WG). Exercise training increased total AKT and AS160 protein content in RG and total AS160 protein content in WG. There were no genotype differences in total AKT or AS160. However, exercise training induced a more robust increase in total AS160 in RG from AdKO (+44 ± 8%, P < 0.05) compared to WT mice (+28 ± 7%, P = 0.06). There were no differences in total GLUT4 or FAT/CD36 in RG or WG in WT or AdKO, with or without exercise training. Similarly, there were no differences in RER, VO2, or activity between any groups. Our results indicate the presence of Ad is not required for exercise‐induced increases in insulin response. Furthermore, it appears that exercise may improve insulin sensitivity to a greater extent in the absence of Ad, suggesting the presence of an unknown compensatory mechanism. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the absence of Ad does not impair the capacity of endurance exercise training to increase glucose and insulin tolerance in AdKO mice. In addition, there were no impairments in insulin signaling or in the protein content of AKT or AS160. Taken together with previous findings, our data indicate that AdKO mice may have sufficient compensations to override the absence of Ad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R W Ritchie
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Dyck
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Kawaguchi M, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Takeno K, Sakurai Y, Watanabe T, Funayama T, Sato F, Ikeda S, Ogura Y, Saga N, Naito H, Fujitani Y, Kanazawa A, Kawamori R, Watada H. Association between expression of FABPpm in skeletal muscle and insulin sensitivity in intramyocellular lipid-accumulated nonobese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3343-52. [PMID: 24937540 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation is observed in both insulin-resistant subjects and insulin-sensitive endurance athletes (athlete's paradox). We hypothesized that the expression pattern of fatty acid transporters may influence oxidative capacity and determine the association between IMCL and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the muscle expression of fatty acid transporters and their function related to insulin sensitivity in IMCL-accumulated subjects. DESIGN AND SETTING The study subjects were 36 nonobese healthy men. Their IMCL levels were measured by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their insulin sensitivity was evaluated by steady-state glucose infusion rate (GIR) during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Gene expression levels in the vastus lateralis were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. We compared the clinical phenotypes and the expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle between IMCL-accumulated high-GIR (H-GIR) subjects (n = 8) and low-GIR subjects (n = 9). The functions of candidate fatty acid transporters were determined by in vitro analyses. RESULTS Compared with the low-GIR group, body fat was lower and maximum oxygen uptake was higher in the H-GIR group. Several lipid oxidation genes in muscle were up-regulated in the H-GIR group, and this was associated with increased expression of higher plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and decreased expression of fatty acid transport protein (FATP)-1. Overexpression of FABPpm in C2C12 myotubes increased fatty acid oxidation coupled with the elevated expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation. These changes were not observed in FATP1-overexpressed myotubes. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the gene expression of fatty acid transporters may, at least in part, affect insulin sensitivity in IMCL-accumulated nonobese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Kawaguchi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology (M.K., Y.T., S.K., K.T., Y.S., T.W., T.F., F.S., S.I., Y.F., A.K., R.K., H.W.), Sportology Center (Y.T., S.K., S.I., R.K., H.W.), Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes (H.W.), and Center for Molecular Diabetology (H.W.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; and Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine (Y.O., N.S., H.N.) and Department of Exercise Physiology (Y.O., N.S., H.N.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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46
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Genetic Dissection of the Physiological Role of Skeletal Muscle in Metabolic Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/635146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary deficiency underlying metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, in which insulin-responsive peripheral tissues fail to maintain glucose homeostasis. Because skeletal muscle is the major site for insulin-induced glucose uptake, impairments in skeletal muscle’s insulin responsiveness play a major role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. For example, skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes patients and their offspring exhibit reduced ratios of slow oxidative muscle. These observations suggest the possibility of applying muscle remodeling to recover insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome. Skeletal muscle is highly adaptive to external stimulations such as exercise; however, in practice it is often not practical or possible to enforce the necessary intensity to obtain measurable benefits to the metabolic syndrome patient population. Therefore, identifying molecular targets for inducing muscle remodeling would provide new approaches to treat metabolic syndrome. In this review, the physiological properties of skeletal muscle, genetic analysis of metabolic syndrome in human populations and model organisms, and genetically engineered mouse models will be discussed in regard to the prospect of applying skeletal muscle remodeling as possible therapy for metabolic syndrome.
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47
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Borges P, Valente LMP, Véron V, Dias K, Panserat S, Médale F. High dietary lipid level is associated with persistent hyperglycaemia and downregulation of muscle Akt-mTOR pathway in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102196. [PMID: 25036091 PMCID: PMC4103825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of dietary lipids are incorporated in feeds for most teleost fish to promote growth and reduce nitrogen waste. However, in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) previous studies revealed that increasing the level of dietary lipids above 8% negatively affect growth and nutrient utilization regardless of dietary protein content. It has been shown that glucose regulation and metabolism can be impaired by high dietary fat intake in mammals, but information in teleost fish is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the possible effect of dietary lipids on glucose metabolism in Senegalese sole with special emphasis on the regulation of proteins involved in the muscle insulin-signalling pathway. Senegalese sole juveniles (29 g) were fed two isonitrogenous diets (53% dry matter) for 88 days. These two diets were one with a high lipid level (∼17%, HL) and a moderate starch content (∼14%, LC), and the other being devoid of fish oil (4% lipid, LL) and with high starch content (∼23%, HC). Surprisingly, feeding Senegalese sole the HL/LC diet resulted in prolonged hyperglycaemia, while fish fed on LL/HC diet restored basal glycaemia 2 h after feeding. The hyperglycaemic phenotype was associated with greater glucose-6-phosphatase activity (a key enzyme of hepatic glucose production) and lower citrate synthase activity in the liver, with significantly higher liver glycogen content. Sole fed on HL/LC diet also had significantly lower hexokinase activity in muscle, although hexokinase activity was low with both dietary treatments. The HL/LC diet was associated with significant reductions in muscle AKT, p70 ribosomal S6-K1 Kinase (S6K-1) and ribosomal protein S6 (S6) 2 h after feeding, suggesting down regulation of the AKT-mTOR nutrient signalling pathway in these fish. The results of this study show for the first time that high level of dietary lipids strongly affects glucose metabolism in Senegalese sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Borges
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental and ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Luísa M. P. Valente
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental and ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vincent Véron
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Dias
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Françoise Médale
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- * E-mail:
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Adeva-Andany M, López-Ojén M, Funcasta-Calderón R, Ameneiros-Rodríguez E, Donapetry-García C, Vila-Altesor M, Rodríguez-Seijas J. Comprehensive review on lactate metabolism in human health. Mitochondrion 2014; 17:76-100. [PMID: 24929216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways involved in lactate metabolism are important to understand the physiological response to exercise and the pathogenesis of prevalent diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Monocarboxylate transporters are being investigated as potential targets for diagnosis and therapy of these and other disorders. Glucose and alanine produce pyruvate which is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm without oxygen consumption. Lactate removal takes place via its oxidation to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate may be either oxidized to carbon dioxide producing energy or transformed into glucose. Pyruvate oxidation requires oxygen supply and the cooperation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Enzymes of the gluconeogenesis pathway sequentially convert pyruvate into glucose. Congenital or acquired deficiency on gluconeogenesis or pyruvate oxidation, including tissue hypoxia, may induce lactate accumulation. Both obese individuals and patients with diabetes show elevated plasma lactate concentration compared to healthy subjects, but there is no conclusive evidence of hyperlactatemia causing insulin resistance. Available evidence suggests an association between defective mitochondrial oxidative capacity in the pancreatic β-cells and diminished insulin secretion that may trigger the development of diabetes in patients already affected with insulin resistance. Several mutations in the mitochondrial DNA are associated with diabetes mellitus, although the pathogenesis remains unsettled. Mitochondrial DNA mutations have been detected in a number of human cancers. d-lactate is a lactate enantiomer normally formed during glycolysis. Excess d-lactate is generated in diabetes, particularly during diabetic ketoacidosis. d-lactic acidosis is typically associated with small bowel resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, Ave. Pardo Bazán, s/n, 15406 Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain.
| | - M López-Ojén
- Internal Medicine Division, Policlínica Assistens, c/Federico García, 4-planta baja, 15009 La Coruña, Spain
| | - R Funcasta-Calderón
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, Ave. Pardo Bazán, s/n, 15406 Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
| | - E Ameneiros-Rodríguez
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, Ave. Pardo Bazán, s/n, 15406 Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
| | - C Donapetry-García
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, Ave. Pardo Bazán, s/n, 15406 Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
| | - M Vila-Altesor
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, Ave. Pardo Bazán, s/n, 15406 Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Seijas
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, Ave. Pardo Bazán, s/n, 15406 Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
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Shepherd SO, Cocks M, Tipton KD, Witard OC, Ranasinghe AM, Barker TA, Wagenmakers AJM, Shaw CS. Resistance training increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and net intramuscular triglyceride breakdown in type I and II fibres of sedentary males. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:894-908. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.078014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. O. Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - M. Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - K. D. Tipton
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group; University of Stirling; Stirling UK
| | - O. C. Witard
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group; University of Stirling; Stirling UK
| | - A. M. Ranasinghe
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - T. A. Barker
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - A. J. M. Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - C. S. Shaw
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living; Victoria University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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50
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Sparks LM, Bosma M, Brouwers B, van de Weijer T, Bilet L, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Eichmann TO, Lass A, Hesselink MK, Schrauwen P. Reduced incorporation of fatty acids into triacylglycerol in myotubes from obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:1583-1593. [PMID: 24487026 PMCID: PMC4023412 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Altered skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is a hallmark feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated muscle lipid turnover in T2D versus BMI-matched control subjects (controls) and examined whether putative in vivo differences would be preserved in the myotubes. Male obese T2D individuals (n = 6) and BMI-matched controls (n = 6) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, VO2max test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, underwater weighing, and muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis. (14)C-palmitate and (14)C-oleate oxidation rates and incorporation into lipids were measured in muscle tissue as well as in primary myotubes. Palmitate oxidation (controls: 0.99 ± 0.17 nmol/mg protein; T2D: 0.53 ± 0.07 nmol/mg protein; P = 0.03) and incorporation of fatty acids (FAs) into triacylglycerol (TAG) (controls: 0.45 ± 0.13 nmol/mg protein; T2D: 0.11 ± 0.02 nmol/mg protein; P = 0.047) were significantly reduced in muscle homogenates of T2D. These reductions were not retained for palmitate oxidation in primary myotubes (P = 0.38); however, incorporation of FAs into TAG was lower in T2D (P = 0.03 for oleate and P = 0.11 for palmitate), with a strong correlation of TAG incorporation between muscle tissue and primary myotubes (r = 0.848, P = 0.008). The data indicate that the ability to incorporate FAs into TAG is an intrinsic feature of human muscle cells that is reduced in individuals with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Sparks
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL
| | - Madeleen Bosma
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Brouwers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lena Bilet
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthijs K.C. Hesselink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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