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Zanini BM, de Avila BM, Garcia DN, Hense JD, Veiga GB, Barreto MM, Ashiqueali S, Mason JB, Yadav H, Masternak M, Schneider A. Dynamics of serum exosome microRNA profile altered by chemically induced estropause and rescued by estrogen therapy in female mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01129-9. [PMID: 38499957 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The decline in the ovarian reserve leads to menopause and reduced serum estrogens. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which can regulate gene expression and be secreted by cells and trafficked in serum via exosomes. Serum miRNAs regulate tissue function and disease development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify miRNA profiles in serum exosomes of mice induced to estropause and treated with 17β-estradiol (E2). Female mice were divided into three groups including control (CTL), injected with 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), and injected with VCD plus E2 (VCD + E2). Estropause was confirmed by acyclicity and a significant reduction in the number of ovarian follicles (p < 0.05). Body mass gain during estropause was higher in VCD and VCD + E2 compared to CTL females (p = 0.02). Sequencing of miRNAs was performed from exosomes extracted from serum, and 402 miRNAs were detected. Eight miRNAs were differentially regulated between CTL and VCD groups, seven miRNAs regulated between CTL and VCD + E2 groups, and ten miRNAs regulated between VCD and VCD + E2 groups. Only miR-200a-3p and miR-200b-3p were up-regulated in both serum exosomes and ovarian tissue in both VCD groups, suggesting that these exosomal miRNAs could be associated with ovarian activity. In the hepatic tissue, only miR-370-3p (p = 0.02) was up-regulated in the VCD + E2 group, as observed in serum. Our results suggest that VCD-induced estropause and E2 replacement have an impact on the profile of serum exosomal miRNAs. The miR-200 family was increased in serum exosomes and ovarian tissue and may be a candidate biomarker of ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jéssica Damé Hense
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sarah Ashiqueali
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michal Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Tremblay EJ, Tchernof A, Pelletier M, Joanisse DR, Mauriège P. Plasma adiponectin/leptin ratio associates with subcutaneous abdominal and omental adipose tissue characteristics in women. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:39. [PMID: 38481206 PMCID: PMC10938796 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, which includes morphological and functional changes such as adipocyte hypertrophy as well as impaired adipogenesis, lipid storage/mobilization, endocrine and inflammatory responses, is needed in the context of obesity. One dimension of AT dysfunction, secretory adiposopathy, often assessed as a low plasma adiponectin (A)/leptin (L) ratio, is commonly observed in obesity. The aim of this study was to examine markers of AT development and metabolism in 67 women of varying age and adiposity (age: 40-62 years; body mass index, BMI: 17-41 kg/m2) according to levels of adiponectinemia, leptinemia or the plasma A/L ratio. METHODS Body composition, regional AT distribution and circulating adipokines were determined. Lipolysis was measured from glycerol release in subcutaneous abdominal (SCABD) and omental (OME) adipocytes under basal, isoproterenol-, forskolin (FSK)- and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (DcAMP)-stimulated conditions. Adipogenesis (C/EBP-α/β/δ, PPAR-γ2 and SREBP-1c) and lipid metabolism (β2-ARs, HSL, FABP4, LPL and GLUT4) gene expression (RT-qPCR) was assessed in both fat depots. Participants in the upper versus lower tertile of adiponectin, leptin or the A/L ratio were compared. RESULTS Basal lipolysis was similar between groups. Women with a low plasma A/L ratio were characterized by higher adiposity and larger SCABD and OME adipocytes (p<0.01) compared to those with a high ratio. In OME adipocytes, women in the low adiponectinemia tertile showed higher isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis (0.01 CONCLUSIONS Secretory adiposopathy assessed as the plasma A/L ratio, more so than adiponectin or leptin levels alone, discriminates low and elevated lipolysis in OME and SCABD adipocytes despite similar AT expression of selected genes involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve-Julie Tremblay
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Denis R Joanisse
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Pascale Mauriège
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.
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Isacco L, Ennequin G, Boisseau N. Influence of the different hormonal status changes during their life on fat mass localisation in women: a narrative review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1229-1234. [PMID: 34111377 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1933045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Independently of the total body fat mass, upper body fat mass deposition is strongly associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities. The mechanisms underlying fat mass localisation are not fully understood, but evidences indicate sex-specific fat mass distribution. Currently, data on women are scarce and the link between hormonal status changes during their life and fat mass distribution is overlooked. METHOD For this narrative review, literature data were extracted from the PubMed and CENTRAL databases to examine the relationship between hormonal status and adipose tissue localisation in women. RESULTS Menopause strongly influences fat mass localisation, while the effect of the menstrual cycle phases, oral contraception use and pregnancy has not been unambiguously determined. CONCLUSION Reliable data are lacking on the relationship between hormonal variations throughout the lifespan and body fat mass localisation in women. Future studies should take into account the hormonal status of women to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Isacco
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA3920 Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPSI) Platform, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Gaël Ennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Khaleghi MM, Emamat H, Marzban M, Farhadi A, Jamshidi A, Ghasemi N, Falahatzadeh A, Jalaliyan Z, Malekizadeh H, Nabipour I, Larijani B. The association of body composition and fat distribution with dysmobility syndrome in community-dwelling older adults: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:809. [PMID: 37828473 PMCID: PMC10568758 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dysmobility Syndrome (DS) is characterized as an accumulation of clinical risk factors for functional disability, such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. Neurological disorders that affect the motor and sensory systems can also contribute to the condition, resulting in gait and muscle strength disturbances, as well as a history of falls and fractures. The study aimed to determine the association between fat distribution in different body areas and the odds of older adults developing DS, as there is still uncertainty about the accumulation of fat in which area is most closely linked to the condition. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted according to the data from the second phase of the Bushehr Elderly Health Cohort (BEH). Dysmobility Syndrome was defined based on the co-occurrence of at least three outcomes of its criteria. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric studies. For evaluating the relationship, multivariate logistic regression and adjusted univariate linear regression were used. RESULTS Of 2,359 who were recruited in the study, 1,277 participants (54.13%) had DS. According to the final logistic regression model in the limb region, FM and FM to FFM ratios were significantly associated with DS [OR (95%CI) = 1.04 (1.02 to 1.05), and 3.42 (1.95 to 5.99), respectively]. Also, In the trunk region, the FM and FM to FFM ratio were significantly related to the odds of DS, although this relationship was weaker than in the limbs region [OR (95%CI) = 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03), and 2.45 (1.36 to 4.39), respectively]. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that a higher regional and whole-body amount of fat mass rather than fat-free mass is closely linked to an increased risk of DS, particularly in the elderly population. Notably, higher fat mass in the limbs (especially in the legs) is associated with greater odds of DS, while a higher android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio is associated with lower DS risk. Screening fat mass distribution in older individuals can be a valuable strategy for promptly diagnosing DS, implementing interventions to prevent disabilities, and improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Emamat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Marzban
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Azar Falahatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Malekizadeh
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kuryłowicz A. Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030690. [PMID: 36979669 PMCID: PMC10045924 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels is accompanied by a change in adipose tissue distribution from a gynoid to an android and an increased prevalence of obesity in women. These unfavorable phenomena can be partially restored by hormone replacement therapy, suggesting a significant role for estrogen in the regulation of adipocytes' function. Indeed, preclinical studies proved the involvement of these hormones in adipose tissue development, metabolism, and inflammatory activity. However, the relationship between estrogen and obesity is bidirectional. On the one hand-their deficiency leads to excessive fat accumulation and impairs adipocyte function, on the other-adipose tissue of obese individuals is characterized by altered expression of estrogen receptors and key enzymes involved in their synthesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of estrogen in adipose tissue development, physiology, and in obesity-related dysfunction. Firstly, the estrogen classification, synthesis, and modes of action are presented. Next, their role in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue activity in health and the course of obesity is described. Finally, the potential therapeutic applications of estrogen and its derivates in obesity treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland
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Tremblay EJ, Tchernof A, Pelletier M, Chabot N, Joanisse DR, Mauriège P. Contribution of markers of adiposopathy and adipose cell size in predicting insulin resistance in women of varying age and adiposity. Adipocyte 2022; 11:175-189. [PMID: 35436409 PMCID: PMC9037496 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2059902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunctions, such as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and secretory adiposopathy (low plasma adiponectin/leptin, A/L, ratio), associate with metabolic disorders. However, no study has compared the relative contribution of these markers to cardiometabolic risk in women of varying age and adiposity. Body composition, regional AT distribution, lipid-lipoprotein profile, glucose homeostasis and plasma A and L levels were determined in 67 women (age: 40-62 years; BMI: 17-41 kg/m2). Expression of macrophage infiltration marker CD68 and adipocyte size were measured from subcutaneous abdominal (SCABD) and omental (OME) fat. AT dysfunction markers correlated with most lipid-lipoprotein levels. The A/L ratio was negatively associated with fasting insulinemia and HOMA-IR, while SCABD or OME adipocyte size and SCABD CD68 expression were positively related to these variables. Combination of tertiles of largest adipocyte size and lowest A/L ratio showed the highest HOMA-IR. Multiple regression analyses including these markers and TAG levels revealed that the A/L ratio was the only predictor of fasting insulinemia and HOMA-IR. The contribution of the A/L ratio was superseded by adipose cell size in the model where the latter replaced TAGs. Finally, leptinemia was a better predictor of IR than adipocyte size and the A/L ratio in our participants sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve-Julie Tremblay
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chabot
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis R. Joanisse
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Mauriège
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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7
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Liu R, Dang S, Zhao Y, Yan H, Han Y, Mi B. Long-term waist circumference trajectories and body mass index with all-cause mortality in older Chinese adults: a prospective nationwide cohort study. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:94. [PMID: 36088350 PMCID: PMC9463814 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Abdominal obesity has been linked to risk of mortality, but whether and how trajectory of waist circumstance (WC) underpins this association remains unclear. The study aimed to identify long-term WC change trajectories and examine their association and joint effect with body mass index (BMI) on mortality among Chinese older adults. Methods This present study included participants 60 years of age or older from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2015. The duration of follow-up was defined as period from the first to latest visit date attended with information on mortality, end of follow-up, or loss to follow-up (censoring). Latent class trajectory analysis (LCTA) was used to assess the changes of WC trajectories overtime. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence internal (CIs) for mortality. Results A total of 2601 participants with 8700 visits were included, and 562 mortality (21.6%) occurred during a median follow-up of 8.7 years. Using a group-based modeling approach, four distinct trajectories of WC change among Chinese older adults were identified as loss (13.5%), stable (46.8%), moderate gain (31.2%) and substantial gain (8.5%). With WC stable group as reference, the multivariable adjusted HRs for mortality were 1.34(95%CI:1.01-1.78) in loss group, 1.13(0.91-1.41) in moderate gain and 1.54(1.12-2.12) in substantial gain group. Compared with participants with normal BMI at baseline and maintained WC stable, the risk of mortality generally increased for all WC change group in initial overweight/obesity individuals, and the highest risk were observed for WC loss and stable pattern (HR:2.43, 95%CI: 1.41–4.19; HR:1.67 (1.07–2.60)). Conclusions In older Chinese, both long-term WC loss and substantial gain conferred excess risk for mortality. The baseline BMI might modify the effect as overweight individuals had a greater risk imposed by WC loss than those in normal weight. Maintaining stable WC and normal weight might be necessary to reduce the risk of mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00861-y.
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Delaney KZ, Santosa S. Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13393. [PMID: 34985183 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects males and females disproportionately. In midlife, more males have T2DM than females. The sex difference in T2DM prevalence is, in part, explained by differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics. With obesity, changes to regional adipokine and cytokine release increases the risk of T2DM in both males and females with males having greater levels of TNFα and females having greater levels of leptin, CRP, and adiponectin. Regional immune cell infiltration appears to be pathogenic in both sexes via different routes as males with obesity have greater VAT ATM and a decrease in the protective Treg cells, whereas females have greater SAT ATM and T cells. Lastly, the ability of female adipose tissue to expand all regions through hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy, protects them against the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes that dominate male adipose tissue. The objective of this review is to discuss how sex may affect regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and how these differences may distinguish the development of T2DM in males and females. In doing so, we will show that the origins of T2DM development differ between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Z Delaney
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Estrogenic and Antioxidant Activities of Pterocarpus soyauxii (Fabaceae) Heartwood Aqueous Extract in Bilateral Oophorectomized Wistar Rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6759000. [PMID: 34630615 PMCID: PMC8497103 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6759000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are used to ease postmenopausal symptoms, a property probably due to estrogenic and antioxidant effects. Pterocarpus soyauxii (P. soyauxii) is empirically used in Cameroon to treat among others primary and secondary amenorrhea. The aim of this study is to evaluate estrogenic and antioxidant activities of P. soyauxii heartwood aqueous extract in bilateral oophorectomized Wistar rats. Firstly, a characterization of the extract was carried out. For that, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins levels in P. soyauxii extract were evaluated by colorimetric assays and UHPLC-MS analysis was realized. In vitro antioxidant analysis of P. soyauxii was conducted using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Secondly, 2 sets of pharmacologic tests were carried out. The results revealed that P. soyauxii aqueous extract contains, respectively, 229.42 ± 3.62 mg EAG/g, 63.42 ± 2.16 mg EQ/g, and 27.88 ± 0.23 mg ETA/g of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. UHPLC-MS enabled identifying seven components including mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, cembrene, 3′,5′-dimethoxy-4-stilbenol, and linoleic acid. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays revealed that P. soyauxii extract possessed a high antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 730.20 µg/mL, 892.90 µg/mL, and 765.75 mEAG/g of extract, respectively. In the uterotrophic assay, P. soyauxii extract induced significant increase of fresh uterine weight, uterine and vaginal epithelial size, and mammary glands differentiation compared to Ovx control. In the postmenopausal model, compared to the sham control, vagina and uterine dystrophies were observed in Ovx rats treated with distilled water. P. soyauxii aqueous extract expressed estrogenic-like effects on vagina and did not affect uterine epithelial height compared with vehicle groups. On the back of these vaginotrophic effects, the extract displayed antiatherogenic properties by reducing (p < 0.001) AI and LDL cholesterol level as compared to Ovx control group. The extract at 200 mg/kg significantly prevented the increase of MDA (p < 0.01) level and decreased nitrites (p < 0.001) and GSH (p < 0.01) levels compared to Ovx rats. These beneficial effects are related at least in part to the presence of compound such as mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 3′,5′-dimethoxy-4-stilbenol, and linoleic acid. Overall, P. soyauxii aqueous extract exhibits estrogenic and antioxidant effects which can inhibit postmenopausal symptoms by providing vaginal stratification, improving lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, and reducing oxidative stress without side effects on the endometrium and mammary gland in 84-day Ovx rats.
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Keirns BH, Sciarrillo CM, Koemel NA, Emerson SR. Fasting, non-fasting and postprandial triglycerides for screening cardiometabolic risk. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e75. [PMID: 34589207 PMCID: PMC8453457 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting triacylglycerols have long been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other cardiometabolic conditions. Evidence suggests that non-fasting triglycerides (i.e. measured within 8 h of eating) better predict CVD than fasting triglycerides, which has led several organisations to recommend non-fasting lipid panels as the new clinical standard. However, unstandardised assessment protocols associated with non-fasting triglyceride measurement may lead to misclassification, with at-risk individuals being overlooked. A third type of triglyceride assessment, postprandial testing, is more controlled, yet historically has been difficult to implement due to the time and effort required to execute it. Here, we review differences in assessment, the underlying physiology and the pathophysiological relevance of elevated fasting, non-fasting and postprandial triglycerides. We also present data suggesting that there may be a distinct advantage of postprandial triglycerides, even over non-fasting triglycerides, for early detection of CVD risk and offer suggestions to make postprandial protocols more clinically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H. Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74075, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A. Koemel
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Sam R. Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74075, USA
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Kim C. Management of Cardiovascular Risk in Perimenopausal Women with Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:492-501. [PMID: 34352986 PMCID: PMC8369221 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality in women and men with diabetes. Due to age and worsening of risk factors over the menopausal transition, risk of coronary heart disease events increases in postmenopausal women with diabetes. Randomized studies have conflicted regarding the beneficial impact of estrogen therapy upon intermediate cardiovascular disease markers and events. Therefore, estrogen therapy is not currently recommended for indications other than symptom management. However, for women at low risk of adverse events, estrogen therapy can be used to minimize menopausal symptoms. The risk of adverse events can be estimated using risk engines for the calculation of cardiovascular risk and breast cancer risk in conjunction with screening tools such as mammography. Use of estrogen therapy, statins, and anti-platelet agents can be guided by such calculators particularly for younger women with diabetes. Risk management remains focused upon lifestyle behaviors and achieving optimal levels of cardiovascular risk factors, including lipids, glucose, and blood pressure. Use of pharmacologic therapies to address these risk factors, particularly specific hypoglycemic agents, may provide some additional benefit for risk prevention. The minimal benefit for women with limited life expectancy and risk of complications with intensive therapy should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Corresponding author: Catherine Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-0532 Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Room 405E, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail:
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12
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Fonseca H, Bezerra A, Coelho A, Duarte JA. Association between Visceral and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Quality in Sedentary and Physically Active Ovariectomized Wistar Rats. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060478. [PMID: 34070279 PMCID: PMC8225130 DOI: 10.3390/life11060478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is considered protective for bone mass, but this view has been progressively challenged. Menopause is characterized by low bone mass and increased adiposity. Our aim was to determine how visceral and bone marrow adiposity change following ovariectomy (OVX), how they correlate with bone quality and if they are influenced by physical activity. Methods: Five-month-old Wistar rats were OVX or sham-operated and maintained in sedentary or physically active conditions for 9 months. Visceral and bone marrow adiposity as well as bone turnover, femur bone quality and biomechanical properties were assessed. Results: OVX resulted in higher weight, visceral and bone marrow adiposity. Visceral adiposity correlated inversely with femur Ct.Th (r = −0.63, p < 0.001), BV/TV (r = −0.67, p < 0.001), Tb.N (r = −0.69, p < 0.001) and positively with Tb.Sp (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Bone marrow adiposity also correlated with bone resorption (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), bone formation rate (r = −0.63, p < 0.01), BV/TV (r = −0.85, p < 0.001), Ct.Th (r = −0.51, p < 0.0.01), and with higher empty osteocyte lacunae (r = 0.39, p < 0.05), higher percentage of osteocytes with oxidative stress (r = 0.64, p < 0.0.01) and lower femur maximal stress (r = −0.58, p < 0.001). Physical activity correlated inversely with both visceral (r = −0.74, p < 0.01) and bone marrow adiposity (r = −0.92, p < 0.001). Conclusions: OVX increases visceral and bone marrow adiposity which are associated with inferior bone quality and biomechanical properties. Physical activity could contribute to reduce adipose tissue and thereby improve bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Fonseca
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (A.C.); (J.A.D.)
- Research Center of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-425-239
| | - Andrea Bezerra
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (A.C.); (J.A.D.)
- Research Center of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (A.C.); (J.A.D.)
- Research Center of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (A.C.); (J.A.D.)
- Research Center of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative (CESPU), 4485-116 Gandra Campus, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Khalafi M, Malandish A, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111398. [PMID: 33965553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postmenopausal stage of life is associated with increased systemic inflammation that may be mitigated through exercise training. The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women, however, require further elucidation. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the available high-quality research on the effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. METHOD Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify articles published through April 2021, for studies comparing exercise training to a control condition, on inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin in postmenopausal women. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials of exercise training were included according to the following criteria: (A) English language articles; (B) involving women participants who were post-menopausal; (C) providing measures of inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, CRP or adiponectin at baseline and after completion of the intervention; (D) an exercise training intervention duration of ≥4 weeks. RESULTS Results were extracted from the included studies and standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Thirty-two studies (representing 38 intervention groups) involving 1510 postmenopausal women were retrieved from the databases for analyses. Overall, exercise training significantly reduced IL-6 [-0.75 (95% CI: -1.07 to -0.42), p < 0.001; 20 interventions], TNF-α [-0.64 (95% CI: -0.91 to -0.37), p < 0.001; 24 interventions] and CRP [-0.64 (95%CI: -0.91 to -0.38), p < 0.001; 21 interventions] and increase adiponectin [0.98 (95% CI: 0.10 to 1.86), p = 0.02; 6 interventions], when compared with control. Furthermore, subgroup analyses suggested that aerobic, resistance, and combined training significantly reduced IL-6, TNF-α and CRP (p < 0.05). Exercise training improved IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in both younger (age < 64 years) and older (age ≥ 64 years) participants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise training may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Malandish
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Kauffman RP, Young C, Castracane VD. Perils of prolonged ovarian suppression and hypoestrogenism in the treatment of breast cancer: Is the risk of treatment worse than the risk of recurrence? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 525:111181. [PMID: 33529690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Premenopausal breast cancer is usually estrogen receptor positive, and hence, prolonged ovarian suppression by medical or surgical means to prevent recurrence has become standard of management to improve disease-free survival. Ten-year adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is associated with 3.5% fewer recurrences compared to five years. The SOFT trial demonstrated small but statistically significant incremental improvements in long-term disease-free survival by the addition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment (triptorelin) to an aromatase inhibitor (exemestane). Profound hypoestrogenism in the premenopausal age group may not be well tolerated due to a host of bothersome side effects (primarily vasomotor symptoms, musculoskeletal complaints, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and mood disorders). Prolonged hypoestrogenism in younger women is associated with premature development of cardiovascular disease, bone loss, cognitive decline, and all-cause mortality. This paper explores multi-system consequences of prolonged hypoestrogenism in premenopausal women derived from studies of women with and without breast cancer. Pretreatment counseling in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer should emphasize the benefit of prolonged estrogen suppression on breast cancer recurrence and established risks of lifelong hypoestrogenism on quality of life and all-cause mortality. Future genomic research may help identify the best candidates for extended ovarian suppression to avoid treating many women when only a minority benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Kauffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1400 S. Coulter Rd, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| | - Christina Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1400 S. Coulter Rd, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - V Daniel Castracane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1400 S. Coulter Rd, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
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15
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Bader J, Carson M, Enos R, Velazquez K, Sougiannis A, Singh U, Becker W, Nagarkatti M, Fan D, Murphy A. High-fat diet-fed ovariectomized mice are susceptible to accelerated subcutaneous tumor growth potentially through adipose tissue inflammation, local insulin-like growth factor release, and tumor associated macrophages. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4554-4569. [PMID: 33346251 PMCID: PMC7733624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been well established. This relationship appears to be more significant in men than in women, which may be attributable to sex hormones. However, controlled animal studies to substantiate these claims and the mechanisms involved are lacking. Materials and Methods: MC38 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells were injected subcutaneously into high-fat diet (HFD) fed male, female and ovariectomized (OVX) female C57BL/6 mice. Results: HFD increased tumor growth (main effect) that was consistent with metabolic perturbations (P < 0.01). HFD OVX mice exhibited the most significant tumor growth compared to HFD male and female mice (p < 0.05) and this was associated with increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Further, the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots within HFD OVX mice exhibited more severe macrophage associated inflammation compared to female (P < 0.01), but not male mice. Conditioned media from subcutaneous adipose tissue of HFD OVX contained higher IGF-1 levels compared to male (P < 0.01), but not female mice. Finally, HFD OVX mice had increased M2-like gene expression in their tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) compared to female mice (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This work provides evidences suggesting adiposity, adipose specific IGF-1, macrophage associated adipose inflammation, and TAMs as potential mechanisms driving obesity-enhanced CRC in females lacking ovarian hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Meredith Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Reilly Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Kandy Velazquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Alexander Sougiannis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Udai Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - William Becker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Branyan TE, Sohrabji F. Sex differences in stroke co-morbidities. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113384. [PMID: 32585156 PMCID: PMC7418167 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Males and females possess distinct biological differences that manifest in diverse risk profiles for acute and chronic diseases. A well-documented example of this is ischemic stroke. It has been demonstrated that older females have greater prevalence of, and worse outcome after, ischemic stroke than do males and younger females. Loss of estrogen after menopause is heavily implicated as a contributing factor for this phenomenon; however, there is mounting evidence to suggest that certain risk factors tend to occur more often in older females, such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation, while others more adversely affect females than they do males, such as diabetes and smoking. Sex-specific risk factors, such as oral contraceptive use and menopause, could also contribute to the discrepancy in stroke prevalence and outcome. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that females tend to present with more nontraditional symptoms of acute stroke than do males, making it more difficult for clinicians to correctly identify the occurrence of a stroke, which may delay the administration of thrombolytic intervention. Finally, certain sociodemographic factors, such as the fact that females were more likely to live alone prior to stroke, may contribute to poorer recovery in females. This review will explore the various co-morbidities and sociodemographic factors that contribute to the greater prevalence of and poorer outcome after stroke in older females and will highlight the critical need for considering sex as a predisposing biological variable in stroke studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Branyan
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M HSC College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M HSC College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
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Brown JC, Caan BJ, Prado CM, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Xiao J, Kroenke CH, Meyerhardt JA. The Association of Abdominal Adiposity With Mortality in Patients With Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:377-383. [PMID: 31355882 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantity and distribution of adipose tissue may be prognostic measures of mortality in colorectal cancer patients, and such associations may vary by patient sex. METHODS This cohort included 3262 stage I-III colorectal cancer patients. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were quantified using computed tomography. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines estimated statistical associations with two-sided P values. RESULTS Visceral adipose tissue was prognostic of mortality in a reverse L-shaped pattern (nonlinear P = .02); risk was flat to a threshold (∼260 cm2) then increased linearly. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was prognostic of mortality in a J-shaped pattern (nonlinear P < .001); risk was higher at extreme (<50 cm2) but lower at intermediate values (>50 to ≤560 cm2). Patient sex modified the prognostic associations between visceral adipose tissue (Pinteraction = .049) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Pinteraction = .04) with mortality. Among men, visceral adiposity was associated with mortality in a J-shaped pattern (nonlinear P = .003), whereas among women, visceral adiposity was associated with mortality in a linear pattern (linear P = .008). Among men, subcutaneous adiposity was associated with mortality in an L-shaped pattern (nonlinear P = .01), whereas among women, subcutaneous adiposity was associated with mortality in a J-shaped pattern (nonlinear P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were prognostic of mortality in patients with colorectal cancer; the shape of these associations were often nonlinear and varied by patient sex. These results offer insight into the potential biological mechanisms that link obesity with clinical outcomes in patients with cancer, suggesting that the dysregulated deposition of excess adiposity is prognostic of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Brown
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Bette J Caan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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Chen L, Chen H, Liu X, Li J, Gao Q, Shi S, Wang T, Ye X, Lu Y, Zhang D, Sheng J, Jin L, Huang H. AQP7 mediates post-menopausal lipogenesis in adipocytes through FSH-induced transcriptional crosstalk with AP-1 sites. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:1122-1132. [PMID: 33132060 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Fat accumulation is present in most post-menopausal women, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) is the most important glycerol channel facilitating glycerol efflux in adipocytes. High circulating FSH in post-menopausal women may play an independent role in regulation of the lipogenic effect of AQP7 in adipocytes. This study explored the role of AQP7 in the pathophysiology of post-menopausal lipogenesis mediated by high concentrations of circulating FSH. DESIGN Primary adipocytes from post-menopausal and childbearing women were analysed. An in-vivo post-menopausal animal model was established. AQP7 expression, lipid accumulation and glycerol concentration in adipocytes were measured. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to identify transcriptional crosstalk in AQP7 promoter. RESULTS It was found that FSH down-regulated AQP7 expression and glycerol efflux function in mature adipocytes of post-menopausal women and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In vitro, FSH inhibited lipid accumulation in primary cultured mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and the mechanism was down-regulating AQP7 expression via a FSH receptor pathway. The effect of FSH on AQP7 in adipocytes was through activation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, which could bind to activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites in the AQP7 promoter, and therefore inhibited the transcriptional activation elicited by c-Jun. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of AQP7 by FSH mediated post-menopausal lipogenesis, and the role of FSH was based on binding competition for AP-1 sites between CREB and c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China
| | - Huixi Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Jin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China.
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Lin X, Xu Y, Xu J, Pan X, Song X, Shan L, Zhao Y, Shan PF. Global burden of noncommunicable disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017. Endocrine 2020; 69:310-320. [PMID: 32488838 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) represents both a threat and an opportunity for intervention. Estimates of the global latest trend of high BMI-related NCDs and its association with socioeconomic status can facilitate strategic intervention and inform further research. METHODS This global burden of disease study extracted global, regional, and national data on death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI-related NCDs from the GBD Study 2017. Secondary analyses were performed by year, age, sex, and specific causes of death and DALYs. The 2017 Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was used as an indicator of national socioeconomic status. The association between age-standardized death or DALYs rate and socioeconomic status were analyzed. RESULTS Worldwide, 4.7 million deaths and 147.7 million DALYs of NCDs were related to high BMI in 2017, with a projection to 5.5 million deaths and 176.9 million DALYs in 2025. Globally, high BMI-related burden showed an increasing trend with males being more heavily impacted overall. The trend and magnitude of high BMI-related disease burden varied substantially in different geographical and socioeconomic regions. Specifically, the low-middle, middle, and high-middle SDI countries were associated with a higher burden. The leading three causes of DALYs attributable to high BMI in 2017 were ischemic heart diseases, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS High BMI-related burden of NCDs is worsening, particularly in developing countries. Our findings may enhance public awareness of interventions to reduce the diseases burden caused by high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaowen Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lizhen Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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20
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Yu Y, Xie K, Lou Q, Xia H, Wu D, Dai L, Hu C, Wang K, Shan S, Hu Y, Tang W. The achievement of comprehensive control targets among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of different ages. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14066-14079. [PMID: 32699183 PMCID: PMC7425513 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate achievement of comprehensive controls among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different age groups. Results: The elderly patients had higher control rates for BMI (44.36%), TC (50.83%) and LDL-C (48.27%) than those aged 60-80 years and younger patients (all P <0.05). Multiple logistic regression revealed that elderly patients were more likely to achieve control targets for HbA1c (odd ratio (OR) = 2.19), TC (OR = 1.32), HDL-C (OR = 1.35), and TG (OR = 1.74) than younger patients. This effect was stronger in males (ORHbA1c = 2.27; ORTC = 1.41; ORHDL-C = 1.51; ORTG = 1.80). By contrast, elderly females were only more likely to achieve HbA1c < 7.0% (OR=1.88). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that comprehensive control strategies still should be strengthened. Methods: A total of 3126 T2DM patients were included, and detected blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). We divided patients into three age groups (<60, 60-80 and ≥ 80 years), to assess the differences in achieving the control targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglin Lou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingli Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuining Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunlin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Division of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Mumusoglu S, Yildiz BO. Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:595-603. [PMID: 30179134 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180904094149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezcan Mumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Xiao Z, Tan Z, Shang J, Cheng Y, Tang Y, Guo B, Gong J, Xu H. Sex-specific and age-specific characteristics of body composition and its effect on bone mineral density in adults in southern China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032268. [PMID: 32312724 PMCID: PMC7245416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was an attempt to investigate the variation trend of body composition with ageing and explore the association between regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 5749 healthy adults aged 20-95 years was recruited from 2004 to 2017. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Whole-body lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), android FM, gynoid FM, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The android/gynoid fat mass ratio (A/G FMR) based on DXA scan was calculated as an indicator of adipose distribution. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations between body composition, adipose distribution, and BMD of each skeletal site. RESULTS Whole-body FM, percentage of whole-body FM, Android FM and A/G FMR consistently increased with age in both genders, especially in women, and ALM began to decrease in the fifth decade for both men and women. In multivariable linear regression models with age, body mass index, A/G FMR and ALM as predictor variables, ALM was associated with the most BMD variance of all skeletal sites in men (standard β ranged from 0.207 to 0.405, p<0.001), although not the largest but still a positive predictor of BMD in women (standard β ranged from 0.074 to 0.186, p<0.05). A/G FMR was an inverse predictor of BMD at all skeletal sites for women (standard β ranged from -249 to -0.052, p<0.01) but not in men. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of Chinese adults, ALM had a strong positive association with BMD in both genders. A/G FMR as an indicator of central adipose accumulation was inversely associated with BMD in women but not in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Shang
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Tang
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Molecular Imaging Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010202. [PMID: 31941004 PMCID: PMC7019719 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is clinically diagnosed as a condition when a woman has not menstruated for one year. During the menopausal transition period, there is an emergence of various lipid metabolic disorders due to hormonal changes, such as decreased levels of estrogens and increased levels of circulating androgens; these may lead to the development of metabolic syndromes including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the body fat mass, fat-free mass, fatty acid metabolism, and various aspects of energy metabolism, such as basal metabolic ratio, adiposity, and obesity. Moreover, menopause is also associated with alterations in the levels of various lipids circulating in the blood, such as lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TG). Alterations in lipid metabolism and excessive adipose tissue play a key role in the synthesis of excess fatty acids, adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and result in the development of insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and dyslipidemia. This review discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
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24
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Fatima LA, Campello RS, Barreto-Andrade JN, Passarelli M, Santos RS, Clegg DJ, Machado UF. Estradiol stimulates adipogenesis and Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression via ESR1-mediated activation of CEBPA. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110447. [PMID: 31100494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of adipose tissue to expand is dependent on adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue glucose disposal. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) enhances the expression of the Slc2a4 gene and GLUT4 protein, which are markers of adipocyte differentiation/glucose disposal. We hypothesized estradiol (E2) facilitates adipocyte differentiation/glucose disposal by an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)-dependent and CEBPA-mediated mechanism. Our results suggest that E2 (10 nM) has a positive effect on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation (days 2-8), lipid accumulation, Slc2a4 and Cebpa mRNA expression, total GLUT4 and nuclear CEBPA contents, and CEBP/Slc2a4-binding activity. Esr1 silencing (∼50%) in mature adipocytes abrogates the 24-h E2 effects on nuclear CEBPA content, Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression and GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane. Thus, E2 stimulates adipocyte differentiation and Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression in an ESR1/CEBPA-mediated pathway. Our data provide mechanistic insight demonstrating E2 participates in adipose-tissue differentiation and glucose transporter expression which ultimately can improve adipose tissue expandability and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Fatima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Campello
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João N Barreto-Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Studies Program in Medicine, University Nove Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta S Santos
- Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ubiratan F Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Kawakami M, Yokota-Nakagi N, Takamata A, Morimoto K. Endurance running exercise is an effective alternative to estradiol replacement for restoring hyperglycemia through TBC1D1/GLUT4 pathway in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1029-1040. [PMID: 31782092 PMCID: PMC10717071 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is a risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism. Alternative treatment of estrogen for postmenopausal women is required. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 5-week endurance running exercise (Ex) by treadmill on hyperglycemia and signal pathway components mediating glucose transport in ovariectomized (OVX) placebo-treated rats, compared with 4-week 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement or pair-feeding (PF) to the E2 group. Ex improved the hyperglycemia and insulin resistance index in OVX rats as much as E2 or PF did. However, Ex had no effect on body weight gain in the OVX rats. Moreover, Ex enhanced the levels of GLUT4 and phospho-TBC1D1 proteins in the gastrocnemius of the OVX rats, but E2 or PF did not. Instead, the E2 increased the Akt2/AS160 expression and activation in the OVX rats. This study suggests that endurance Ex training restored hyperglycemia through the TBC1D1/GLUT4 pathway in muscle by an alternative mechanism to E2 replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kawakami
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Naoko Yokota-Nakagi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Akira Takamata
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
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26
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Hammarstedt A, Gogg S, Hedjazifar S, Nerstedt A, Smith U. Impaired Adipogenesis and Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Human Hypertrophic Obesity. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1911-1941. [PMID: 30067159 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the largest and best storage site for excess lipids. However, it has a limited ability to expand by recruiting and/or differentiating available precursor cells. When inadequate, this leads to a hypertrophic expansion of the cells with increased inflammation, insulin resistance, and a dysfunctional prolipolytic tissue. Epi-/genetic factors regulate SAT adipogenesis and genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes is associated with markers of an impaired SAT adipogenesis and development of hypertrophic obesity also in nonobese individuals. We here review mechanisms for the adipose precursor cells to enter adipogenesis, emphasizing the role of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and its endogenous antagonist gremlin-1, which is increased in hypertrophic SAT in humans. Gremlin-1 is a secreted and a likely important mechanism for the impaired SAT adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity. Transiently increasing BMP-4 enhances adipogenic commitment of the precursor cells while maintained BMP-4 signaling during differentiation induces a beige/brown oxidative phenotype in both human and murine adipose cells. Adipose tissue growth and development also requires increased angiogenesis, and BMP-4, as a proangiogenic molecule, may also be an important feedback regulator of this. Hypertrophic obesity is also associated with increased lipolysis. Reduced lipid storage and increased release of FFA by hypertrophic SAT are important mechanisms for the accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and other places promoting insulin resistance. Taken together, the limited expansion and storage capacity of SAT is a major driver of the obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hammarstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Silvia Gogg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Annika Nerstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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27
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Gavin KM, Shea KL, Gibbons E, Wolfe P, Schwartz RS, Wierman ME, Kohrt WM. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in premenopausal women does not alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E316-E325. [PMID: 29631362 PMCID: PMC6139491 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00221.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones appear to play a role in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The objective was to isolate the effects of estradiol (E2) on central activation of the HPA axis. We hypothesized that the HPA axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) under dexamethasone (Dex) suppression would be exaggerated in response to chronic ovarian hormone suppression and that physiologic E2 add-back would mitigate this response. Thirty premenopausal women underwent 20 wk of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy (GnRHAG) and transdermal E2 (0.075 mg per day, GnRHAG + E2, n = 15) or placebo (PL) patch (GnRHAG + PL, n = 15). Women in the GnRHAG + PL and GnRHAG + E2 groups were of similar age (38 (SD 5) yr vs. 36 (SD 7) yr) and body mass index (27 (SD 6) kg/m2 vs. 27 (SD 6) kg/m2). Serum E2 changed differently between the groups ( P = 0.01); it decreased in response to GnRHAG + PL (77.9 ± 17.4 to 23.2 ± 2.6 pg/ml; P = 0.008) and did not change in response to GnRHAG + E2 (70.6 ± 12.4 to 105 ± 30.4 pg/ml; P = 0.36). The incremental area under the curve (AUCINC) responses to CRH were different between the groups for total cortisol ( P = 0.03) and cortisone ( P = 0.04) but not serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ( P = 0.28). When examining within-group changes, GnRHAG + PL did not alter the HPA axis response to Dex/CRH, but GnRHAG + E2 decreased the AUCINC for ACTH (AUCINC, 1,623 ± 257 to 1,211 ± 236 pg/ml·min, P = 0.004), cortisone (1,795 ± 367 to 1,090 ± 281 ng/ml·min, P = 0.009), and total cortisol (7,008 ± 1,387 to 3,893 ± 1,090 ng/ml·min, P = 0.02). Suppression of ovarian hormones by GnRHAG therapy for 20 wk did not exaggerate the HPA axis response to CRH, but physiologic E2 add-back reduced HPA axis activity compared with preintervention levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Gavin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Karen L Shea
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ellie Gibbons
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pamela Wolfe
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert S Schwartz
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
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28
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Monteleone P, Mascagni G, Giannini A, Genazzani AR, Simoncini T. Symptoms of menopause - global prevalence, physiology and implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:199-215. [PMID: 29393299 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of menopause can be distressing, particularly as they occur at a time when women have important roles in society, within the family and at the workplace. Hormonal changes that begin during the menopausal transition affect many biological systems. Accordingly, the signs and symptoms of menopause include central nervous system-related disorders; metabolic, weight, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal changes; urogenital and skin atrophy; and sexual dysfunction. The physiological basis of these manifestations is emerging as complex and related, but not limited to, oestrogen deprivation. Findings generated mainly from longitudinal population studies have shown that ethnic, geographical and individual factors affect symptom prevalence and severity. Moreover, and of great importance to clinical practice, the latest research has highlighted how certain menopausal symptoms can be associated with the onset of other disorders and might therefore serve as predictors of future health risks in postmenopausal women. The goal of this Review is to describe in a timely manner new research findings on the global prevalence and physiology of menopausal symptoms and their impact on future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Monteleone
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Giulia Mascagni
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Andrea R Genazzani
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa 56126, Italy
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29
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Narumi M, Takahashi K, Yamatani H, Seino M, Yamanouchi K, Ohta T, Takahashi T, Kurachi H, Nagase S. Oxidative Stress in the Visceral Fat Is Elevated in Postmenopausal Women with Gynecologic Cancer. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:99-106. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Narumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hizuru Yamatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Manabu Seino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamanouchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kurachi
- Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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30
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Babaei P, Dastras A, Tehrani BS, Pourali Roudbaneh S. The Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Visceral Fat, Serum Glucose, Lipid Profiles and Apelin Level in Ovariectomized Rats. J Menopausal Med 2017; 23:182-189. [PMID: 29354618 PMCID: PMC5770528 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2017.23.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ovarian hormones have been shown to regulate body weight, intra-abdominal fat accumulation and plasma level of cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on visceral adipose tissue, plasma level of apelin, lipid profiles, and glucose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into OVX (n = 20) and sham (n = 10) groups. OVX rats were subdivided into estrogen replacement therapy (OVX+est; n = 10) receiving 17 β-estradiol valerates (30 µg/kg, s.c., 5 day/week, for eight weeks), and vehicle control group receiving sesame oil same as experiment group (OVX+ses oil; n = 10). After the treatments, all groups were sacrificed and blood samples were collected, visceral fats were taken from the abdominal cavity and weighed immediately. Apelin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Lipid profiles and glucose were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric method. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and (P < 0.05) determined as the statistical significance level. Results After eight weeks, body weight, body mass index (BMI), visceral fat, apelin and lipid profiles (P < 0.01) were increased significantly in OVX rats compared to sham group. Treatment with estrogen leads to significant reduction in body weight and BMI (P < 0.05), there was no significant change in serum apelin level in OVX+est rats compared to OVX+ses. Conclusions These results suggest that estradiol replacement therapy successfully attenuated some of the metabolic syndrome components, and apelin does not probably stand as a mediator of these physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adele Dastras
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahram Soltani Tehrani
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shiva Pourali Roudbaneh
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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31
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Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulates VEGFA in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16716. [PMID: 29196658 PMCID: PMC5711936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a key factor in the regulation of angiogenesis in adipose tissue. Poor vascularization during adipose tissue proliferation causes fibrosis and local inflammation, and is associated with insulin resistance. It is known that 17-beta estradiol (E2) regulates adipose tissue function and VEGFA expression in other tissues; however, the ability of E2 to regulate VEGFA in adipose tissue is currently unknown. In this study, we showed that, in 3T3-L1 cells, E2 and the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) agonist PPT induced VEGFA expression, while ESR1 antagonist (MPP), and selective knockdown of ESR1 using siRNA decreased VEGFA and prevented the ability of E2 to modulate its expression. Additionally, we found that E2 and PPT induced the binding of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF1A) in the VEGFA gene promoter. We further found that VEGFA expression was lower in inguinal and gonadal white adipose tissues of ESR1 total body knockout female mice compared to wild type mice. In conclusion, our data provide evidence of an important role for E2/ESR1 in modulating adipose tissue VEGFA, which is potentially important to enhance angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and improve adipose tissue function.
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Kapoor E, Faubion S, Hines S, Stuenkel CA. Women's Health Endocrine Update. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:1365-1368. [PMID: 29111858 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical update serves as a brief review of recently published, high-impact, and potentially practice changing journal articles summarized for our readers. Topics include menopause, sexual dysfunction, breast health, contraception, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. In this clinical update, we selected four recent high-impact publications related to endocrine issues in women. We have chosen to highlight research on subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including cognitive outcomes in offspring; the progression of metabolic syndrome severity during the menopausal transition; and the association of diabetes and metformin use with cancer risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kapoor
- 1 Division of General Internal Medicine, Women's Health Clinic, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie Faubion
- 1 Division of General Internal Medicine, Women's Health Clinic, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie Hines
- 3 Division of General Internal Medicine and Jacoby Breast Center , Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Cynthia A Stuenkel
- 4 Division of Endocrinology, University of California at San Diego , San Diego, California
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Rodrigues MFC, Ferreira FC, Silva-Magosso NS, Barbosa MR, Souza MVC, Domingos MM, Canevazzi GHR, Stotzer US, Peviani SM, de Lira FS, Selistre de Araújo HS, Perez SEDA. Effects of resistance training and estrogen replacement on adipose tissue inflammation in ovariectomized rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:605-612. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is directly related to central obesity and low-grade inflammation. Hormonal replacement and exercise training are both able to decrease fat accumulation and inflammation in postmenopausal women. However, the efficiency of resistance training (RT) and estrogen replacement (ER) in minimizing adiposity and inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats has not yet been elucidated. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following 6 groups: sham-operated sedentary (Sham-Sed), OVX-Sed, Sham-RT, OVX-RT, OVX-Sed-ER, and OVX-RT-ER groups. ER was performed by implanting silastic capsules containing 17β-estradiol. For RT, the animals were required to climb a 1.1-m vertical ladder with conical flasks containing weights attached to their tails for 12 weeks. Histological analyses were used to evaluate morphological changes. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and protein concentrations were determined using Multiplex/Luminex assays. Ovariectomy increased the body mass (BM), adipocyte area, and inflammation in the VAT, the latter of which was indicated by reduced interleukin-10 (48%) and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration (∼3%). RT efficiently decreased BM, adipocyte area, and inflammation in the OVX groups. The combination of RT and ER decreased BM (19%) and the TNF-α concentration (18%) and increased the gene and protein expression levels of adiponectin (173% and 18%). These results indicate that RT and the combination of RT and ER are efficient strategies for reducing the BM and improving the inflammatory status of OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Cury Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Candido Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Rodrigues Barbosa
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe 49400-000, Brazil
| | - Markus Vinicius Campos Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mateus Moraes Domingos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Uliana Sbeguen Stotzer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Messa Peviani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos de Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University State Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
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Hoseini R, Damirchi A, Babaei P. Vitamin D increases PPARγ expression and promotes beneficial effects of physical activity in metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 2017; 36:54-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ibeneme S, Ezeigwe C, Ibeneme GC, Ezuma A, Okoye I, Nwankwo JM. Response of Gait Output and Handgrip Strength to Changes in Body Fat Mass in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2017; 90:92-98. [PMID: 31388361 PMCID: PMC6677777 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available preliminary data on menopause does not relate changes in body fat mass (BFM) and handgrip strength (HGS) (an indicator of body/muscle strength) to gait parameters. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between BFM, HGS and gait parameters, namely, stride length (SL) (an indicator of walking balance/postural stability), stride frequency (SF), and velocity (V) (gait output), to guide gait training. METHODS Ninety consenting (45 postmenopausal and 45 premenopausal) female staff of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, were randomly selected and assessed for BFM and HGS with a hydration monitor and dynamometer, respectively, in an observational study. The mean of 2 trials of the number of steps and time taken to cover a 10-m distance at normal speed was used to calculate SF, SL, and V. Data were analyzed using an independent t test and a Pearson correlation coefficient at P < 0.05. RESULTS Premenopausal (BFM = 42.93% [12.61%], HGS = 27.89 [7.52] kg, stride ratio = 1.43, and velocity = 1.04 [0.01] m/sec) and postmenopausal (BFM = 41.55% [12.71%], HGS = 30.91 [7.07] kg, stride ratio = 1.44, and velocity = 1.06 [0.01] m/sec) women showed no significant differences in gait output/velocity (t = 0.138; P = 0.89; d = 0.029). At postmenopause, BFM was significantly and negatively (r = -0.369; r 2 = 0.1362; P = 0.013) correlated with SL, whereas HGS was positively and significantly (r = 0.323; r 2 = 0.104; P = 0.030) correlated with gait output at premenopause. CONCLUSIONS BFM may adversely influence walking balance at postmenopause, whereas HGS may enhance gait output at premenopause but not postmenopause. Therefore, muscle strengthening alone may not enhance gait output in postmenopausal women without balance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Ibeneme
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
- Clinical Trial Consortium, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- UNIRED Research Group, Hochschule Hannover-University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chinenye Ezeigwe
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Georgian C. Ibeneme
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Amarachi Ezuma
- Clinical Trial Consortium, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Okoye
- Clinical Trial Consortium, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medical sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Joseph M. Nwankwo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Amri EZ, Pisani DF. Control of bone and fat mass by oxytocin. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:95-104. [PMID: 27865092 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and overweight/obesity constitute major worldwide public health burdens. Aging is associated with a decrease in hormonal secretion, lean mass and bone mass, and an increase in fat accumulation. It is established that both obesity and osteoporosis are affected by genetic and environmental factors, bone remodeling and adiposity are both regulated through the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Oxytocin (OT), belongs to the pituitary hormone family and regulates the function of peripheral target organs, its circulating levels decreased with age. Nowadays, it is well established that OT plays an important role in the control of bone and fat mass and their metabolism. Of note, OT and oxytocin receptor knock out mice develop bone defects and late-onset obesity. Thus OT emerges as a promising molecule in the treatment of osteoporosis and obesity as well as associated metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss findings regarding the OT effects on bone and fat mass.
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Newell-Fugate AE. The role of sex steroids in white adipose tissue adipocyte function. Reproduction 2017; 153:R133-R149. [PMID: 28115579 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing knowledge that gender influences normal physiology, much biomedical research has begun to focus on the differential effects of sex on tissue function. Sexual dimorphism in mammals is due to the combined effects of both genetic and hormonal factors. Hormonal factors are mutable particularly in females in whom the estrous cycle dominates the hormonal milieu. Given the severity of the obesity epidemic and the fact that there are differences in the obesity rates in men and women, the role of sex in white adipose tissue function is being recognized as increasingly important. Although sex differences in white adipose tissue distribution are well established, the mechanisms affecting differential function of adipocytes within white adipose tissue in males and females remain largely understudied and poorly understood. One of the largest differences in the endocrine environment in males and females is the concentration of circulating androgens and estrogens. This review examines the effects of androgens and estrogens on lipolysis/lipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity and adipokine production in adipocytes from white adipose tissue with a specific emphasis on the sexual dimorphism of adipocyte function in white adipose tissue during both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and PharmacologyTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Veldhuis JD, Dyer RB, Trushin SA, Bondar OP, Singh RJ, Klee GG. Interleukins 6 and 8 and abdominal fat depots are distinct correlates of lipid moieties in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. Endocrine 2016; 54:671-680. [PMID: 27444747 PMCID: PMC5107333 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Available data associate lipids concentrations in men with body mass index, anabolic steroids, age, and certain cytokines. Data were less clear in women, especially across the full adult lifespan, and when segmented by premenopausal and postmenopausal status. SUBJECTS 120 healthy women (60 premenopausal and 60 postmenopausal) in Olmsted County, MN, USA, a stable well studied clinical population. Dependent variables: measurements of 10 h fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES testosterone, estrone, estradiol, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and sex-hormone binding globulin (by mass spectrometry); insulin, glucose, and albumin; abdominal visceral, subcutaneous, and total abdominal fat [abdominal visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, total abdominal fat by computerized tomography scan]; and a panel of cytokines (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Multivariate forward-selection linear-regression analysis was applied constrained to P < 0.01. Lifetime data: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was correlated jointly with age (P < 0.0001, positively), abdominal visceral fat (P < 0.0001, negatively), and interleukin-6 (0.0063, negatively), together explaining 28.1 % of its variance (P = 2.3 × 10-8). Total cholesterol was associated positively with multivariate age only (P = 6.9 × 10-4, 9.3 % of variance). Triglycerides correlated weakly with sex-hormone binding globulin (P = 0.0115), and strongly with abdominal visceral fat (P < 0.0001), and interleukin-6 (P = 0.0016) all positively (P = 1.6 × 10-12, 38.9 % of variance). Non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol correlated positively with both total abdominal fat and interleukin-8 (P = 2.0 × 10-5, 16.9 % of variance; and P = 0.0031, 9.4 % of variance, respectively). Premenopausal vs. postmenopausal comparisons identified specific relationships that were stronger in premenopausal than postmenopausal individuals, and vice versa. Age was a stronger correlate of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; interleukin-6 of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein; and both sex-hormone binding globulin and total abdominal fat of non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in premenopausal than postmenopausal women. Conversely, sex-hormone binding globulin, abdominal visceral fat, interleukin-8, adiponectin were stronger correlates of triglycerides; abdominal visceral fat, and testosterone of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and age of both non high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Our data delineate correlations of total abdominal fat and interleukin-8 (both positively) with non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in healthy women across the full age range of 21-79 years along with even more specific associations in premenopausal and postmenopausal individuals. Whether some of these outcomes reflect causal relationships would require longitudinal and interventional or genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes D Veldhuis
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Roy B Dyer
- Immunochemical Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sergey A Trushin
- Immunochemical Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Neurology, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Olga P Bondar
- Immunochemical Laboratory, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - George G Klee
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Tanaka M, Koga R, Tsuda H, Imai K, Abe S, Masuda T, Iwamoto M, Nakazono E, Kamohara T, Kinukawa N, Sakata T. Subcutaneous Fat Accumulation Shows a Beneficial Correlation with Serum Cholesterol in Postmenopausal Japanese Women. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1064-70. [PMID: 17720952 DOI: 10.3181/0610-rm-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether accumulation of subcutaneous abdominal fat has a beneficial correlation with lipid metabolism in premenopausal and/or postmenopausal Japanese women. The study enrolled 146 premenopausal women, ranging in age from 19 to 54 years, and 82 postmeno-pausal women, ranging in age from 47 to 66 years. Fat distribution, including abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFA), were measured in an outpatient clinic by magnetic resonance imaging. Homogeneity of the regression slopes for SFA to total cholesterol ( P = 0.030), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.020), apolipoprotein B (apoB) ( P = 0.001), and the ratio of apoB to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) ( P = 0.003) were not found between premenopausal and postmenopausal women, even after adjustment for both VFA and age. However, the regression slopes for VFA to all measured lipid parameters, as well as apolipoproteins, were homogeneous between the premenopausal and postmeno-pausal groups. Abdominal SFA in postmenopausal women correlated negatively with total cholesterol ( P = 0.007), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.002), apoB ( P < 0.001), and the ratio of apoB to apoA-I ( P = 0.001), after adjustment for age and VFA, but this was not the case in premenopausal women. The mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of subcutaneous fat accumulation in postmenopausal women remain obscure, but upregulated aromatase expression, derived from adipose tissue, may possibly improve lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Tanaka
- Health Promotion Center, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gurka MJ, Vishnu A, Santen RJ, DeBoer MD. Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003609. [PMID: 27487829 PMCID: PMC5015287 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background After menopause, women exhibit a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the timing of changes in MetS severity over the menopausal transition and whether these changes differ by racial/ethnic group remain unclear. Methods and Results We assessed data from 1470 women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort who experienced transition in menopausal status over 10 years (visits 1–4). We used linear mixed models to evaluate changes by menopausal status (premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause) in a MetS severity Z‐score and in the individual MetS components. While there were gradual increases in MetS severity over time across menopause stages, black women in particular exhibited more rapid progression in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods than during the postmenopausal period. In the postmenopausal period (compared with prior periods), white women exhibited unfavorable decreases in high‐density lipoprotein, while black women exhibited favorable alterations in the rate of change for waist circumference, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, and glucose, contributing to the slowed progression of MetS severity. These changes were all observed after adjusting for hormone replacement treatment. Conclusions During menopausal transition, women exhibited rapid increases in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods, with black women having significant reductions in this increase in severity during the postmenopausal period. These data suggest that the higher prevalence of MetS in postmenopausal women may be caused more by changes during the menopausal transition than by postmenopause. These findings may thus have implications regarding the timing of cardiovascular risk relative to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Abhishek Vishnu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Richard J Santen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Delitala AP, Steri M, Pilia MG, Dei M, Lai S, Delitala G, Schlessinger D, Cucca F. Menopause modulates the association between thyrotropin levels and lipid parameters: The SardiNIA study. Maturitas 2016; 92:30-34. [PMID: 27621235 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid hormone influences lipoprotein metabolism. The role of menopausal status in this association has not been extensively studied. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between lipid parameters and mild elevations of thyrotropin (TSH), and whether menopause influences this relationship. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2,914 women (aged 14-102 years) from the SardiNIA study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The association of TSH with blood lipid levels was examined using regression analyses, according to menopausal status. RESULTS Postmenopausal women had lower serum TSH concentrations and higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and triglycerides than did premenopausal women (p=0.001 or less for all). In premenopausal women, after adjusting for the confounders age, BMI, smoking, insulin and glycaemia, TSH showed a direct relation to the levels of total cholesterol (β=0.046, p=0.010), LDLc (β=0.044, p=0.016) and triglycerides (β=0.085, p<0.001), but no association with HDLc level. In the postmenopausal group, TSH was directly associated only with triglyceride levels (β=0.103, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS The association between mild elevation of TSH and lipid levels is influenced by menopausal status. Further research is needed to clarify this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Pilia
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariano Dei
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sandra Lai
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delitala
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - David Schlessinger
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Kim C. Association of Mid-Life Changes in Body Size, Body Composition and Obesity Status with the Menopausal Transition. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:healthcare4030042. [PMID: 27417630 PMCID: PMC5041043 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mid-life period is a critical window for increases in body weight and changes in body composition. In this review, we summarize the clinical experience of the menopausal transition by obesity status, and examine the evidence regarding the menopausal transition and reproductive hormones effects on body weight, body composition, or fat distribution. Mid-life obesity is associated with a different menopausal experience including associations with menstrual cycle length prior to the final menstrual period (FMP), age at the FMP, and higher prevalence of vasomotor symptoms. The menopausal transition is associated with weight gain and increased central body fat distribution; the majority of evidence suggests that changes in weight are due to chronological aging whereas changes in body composition and fat distribution are primarily due to ovarian aging. Continuous and regular physical activity during mid-life may be an efficacious strategy to counteract the age-related and menopause-related changes in resting energy expenditure and to prevent weight gain and abdominal adiposity deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Sex differences in the rate of abdominal adipose accrual during adulthood: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1278-85. [PMID: 27005404 PMCID: PMC4970892 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate sex differences in the rate of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) accrual in adults. Secondary analyses examined differences in the rate of VAT and SAT accrual in pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women. Subjects/Methods Participants were 472 (60% female) non-Hispanic whites, aged 18-84 years at baseline in whom abdominal VAT and SAT were assessed using multiple-image magnetic resonance imaging at two time points, with an average follow-up of 7.3 ± 2.6 years. Linear regression models were used to examine the effects of sex, baseline age and their interaction on rate of change per year in body composition measures (ΔBMI, ΔVAT, and ΔVAT/SAT ratio (ΔVSR)) independent of baseline body composition measures, visit year, income, marital status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol intake. Secondary analyses examined differences in rate of fat change by menopausal status (pre, peri, post). Results Levels of BMI, VAT, and VSR all increased over the 7 year period on average (p<.001); however, the change in BMI (mean ΔBMI = +0.5%) was far smaller than for VAT (mean ΔVAT= +6.8%), SAT (mean ΔSAT = +2.4%), and VSR (mean ΔVSR = +3.6%). ΔBMI, ΔVAT, and ΔSAT decreased linearly with age in both sexes (p<0.01), such that older individuals had lower rates of BMI, VAT, and SAT gain, and this deceleration in BMI, VAT, and SAT accrual was greater in men than women (p for interaction <0.05). ΔVSR did not vary with age in either sex, but remained higher in men than women throughout adulthood. There were no differences in rate of weight or fat gain by menopausal status after adjustment for age. Conclusions Men and women continue to accrue abdominal adiposity with age, but the rate of weight and fat gain decreases over time, particularly in men.
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Kim JH, Choi HJ, Ku EJ, Hong AR, Kim KM, Kim SW, Cho NH, Shin CS. Regional body fat depots differently affect bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal Korean women. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1161-1168. [PMID: 26475286 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY In a prospective community-based cohort study, we investigated the relationship between trabecular bone score (TBS) and regional fat depots in 1474 Korean postmenopausal women. TBS was positively related with subcutaneous fat and negatively related with visceral fat. INTRODUCTION The effect of fat distribution (visceral/subcutaneous) on bone quality or microarchitecture has rarely been investigated due to measurement difficulty. We aimed to investigate the relationship between TBS reflecting bone microarchitecture and regional fat depots in Korean women. METHODS Cross-sectional data evaluation was made from subjects participating in an ongoing prospective community-based cohort study since 2001. A total of 1474 postmenopausal women in the Ansung cohort were analyzed. Regional body fat mass, bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, and total hip and lumbar spine TBS were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS In an age-adjusted partial correlation analysis, TBS was not associated with total fat mass, but negatively associated with trunk fat mass. However, TBS was positively related with leg (r = 0.102, P < 0.05) and gynoid fat mass (r = 0.086, P < 0.05) and negatively related with android fat mass (r = -0.106; P < 0.05). In linear regression models controlling age, BMI, and physical activity, android fat was inversely associated with TBS (β = -0.595, P < 0.001), whereas gynoid fat was positively associated with TBS (β = 0.216, P < 0.001). Lumbar spine and total hip BMDs revealed positive associations with total and all regional fat depots regardless of fat distribution. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that relatively large visceral fat and small subcutaneous fat may have a detrimental effect on TBS, a bone microarchitecture index.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H J Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E J Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju Si, South Korea
| | - A R Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K M Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - N H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - C S Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Benedusi V, Martini E, Kallikourdis M, Villa A, Meda C, Maggi A. Ovariectomy shortens the life span of female mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10801-11. [PMID: 25719423 PMCID: PMC4484420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that lack of ovarian activity has a negative impact on the life span of female mice. The extent to which this phenomenon could be associated with the anti-inflammatory effect of estrogens was analyzed in metabolic organs and aorta, by quantitative analysis of mRNAs encoding proteins in the inflammatory cascade. We demonstrate that the TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-2 and IL-6 mRNA contents are increased in the liver, adipose tissue and aorta 7 months after ovariectomy (ovx) and this increased basal inflammation is maintained as the mice aged. In contrast, the extent of inflammatory gene expression is directly proportional to age in sham-operated mice. As a consequence, at 22 months, most of the inflammatory parameters examined were higher in the sham-operated group compared with the ovx group. These observations led us to propose that the decreased longevity of ovx mice may be due to an acceleration of the basal state of inflammation in metabolic organs, which is likely driven by the combination of a lack of estrogen-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the loss of gonadal control of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Benedusi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Meda
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Fontana R, Della Torre S. The Deep Correlation between Energy Metabolism and Reproduction: A View on the Effects of Nutrition for Women Fertility. Nutrients 2016; 8:87. [PMID: 26875986 PMCID: PMC4772050 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, mechanisms have been developed, throughout evolution, to integrate environmental, nutritional and hormonal cues in order to guarantee reproduction in favorable energetic conditions and to inhibit it in case of food scarcity. This metabolic strategy could be an advantage in nutritionally poor environments, but nowadays is affecting women's health. The unlimited availability of nutrients, in association with reduced energy expenditure, leads to alterations in many metabolic pathways and to impairments in the finely tuned inter-relation between energy metabolism and reproduction, thereby affecting female fertility. Many energetic states could influence female reproductive health being under- and over-weight, obesity and strenuous physical activity are all conditions that alter the profiles of specific hormones, such as insulin and adipokines, thus impairing women fertility. Furthermore, specific classes of nutrients might affect female fertility by acting on particular signaling pathways. Dietary fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins and food-associated components (such as endocrine disruptors) have per se physiological activities and their unbalanced intake, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, might impair metabolic homeostasis and fertility in premenopausal women. Even though we are far from identifying a "fertility diet", lifestyle and dietary interventions might represent a promising and invaluable strategy to manage infertility in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
- Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Comitato R, Saba A, Turrini A, Arganini C, Virgili F. Sex hormones and macronutrient metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:227-41. [PMID: 24915409 PMCID: PMC4151815 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The biological differences between males and females are determined by a different set of genes and by a different reactivity to environmental stimuli, including the diet, in general. These differences are further emphasized and driven by the exposure to a different hormone flux throughout the life. These differences have not been taken into appropriate consideration by the scientific community. Nutritional sciences are not immune from this “bias” and when nutritional needs are concerned, females are considered only when pregnant, lactating or when their hormonal profile is returning back to “normal,” i.e., to the male-like profile. The authors highlight some of the most evident differences in aspects of biology that are associated with nutrition. This review presents and describes available data addressing differences and similarities of the “reference man” vs. the “reference woman” in term of metabolic activity and nutritional needs. According to this assumption, available evidences of sex-associated differences of specific biochemical pathways involved in substrate metabolism are reported and discussed. The modulation by sexual hormones affecting glucose, amino acid and protein metabolism and the metabolization of nutritional fats and the distribution of fat depots, is considered targeting a tentative starting up background for a gender concerned nutritional science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Comitato
- a National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition (INRAN) , Rome , Italy
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48
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Moxibustion Reduces Ovarian Granulosa Cell Apoptosis Associated with Perimenopause in a Natural Aging Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:742914. [PMID: 26550020 PMCID: PMC4621346 DOI: 10.1155/2015/742914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, concerns about the adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy have increased interest in alternative therapies for the management of the symptoms of perimenopause. Here, we investigated the effects of moxibustion, a traditional Chinese practice that is involved in heated Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) stimulation, on hormonal imbalance and ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis in a rat model of perimenopause. Our results showed that mild warm moxibustion (MWM) modulated the circulating levels of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone and their receptors and inhibited apoptosis in the ovaries of perimenopausal rats, similar to the effect of estrogen. Further investigation revealed that the effects of MWM on ovary tissues and cultured GCs were mediated by the modulation of the activity of Forkhead box protein O1 and involved the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Our results provide information on the factors and pathways modulated by MWM and shed light on the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of moxibustion on the symptoms of perimenopause.
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Felix ACS, Dutra SGV, Tezini GCSV, Simões MV, de Souza HCD. Aerobic physical training increases contractile response and reduces cardiac fibrosis in rats subjected to early ovarian hormone deprivation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1276-85. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00483.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of early ovarian hormone deprivation on the heart and the role of physical training in this condition using different approaches: cardiac autonomic tone, contractility, morphology and function, and cardiac fibrosis. Female Wistar rats ( n = 48) were assigned into two groups: ovariectomized (Ovx; 10-wk-old) and control rats (Sham; 10-wk-old). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, sedentary and trained (aerobic training by swimming for 10 wk). The sedentary groups showed similar cardiac autonomic tone values; however, only the Sham group had an increase in vagal participation for the determination of the basal heart rate after physical training. The contractile responses to cardiac β-agonists of the sedentary groups were similar, including an increased response to a β1-agonist (dobutamine) observed after physical training. The Ovx sedentary group presented changes in cardiac morphology, which resulted in decreases in the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac index compared with the Sham sedentary group. Physical training did little to alter these findings. Moreover, histology analysis showed a significant increase in cardiac fibrosis in the sedentary Ovx group, which was not observed in the trained Ovx group. We conclude that early ovarian hormone deprivation in rats impairs autonomic control, cardiac morphology, and cardiac function and increases cardiac fibrosis; however, it does not affect the contractility induced by dobutamine and salbutamol. Furthermore, this model of physical training prevented an increase in fibrosis and promoted an increase in the cardiac contractile response but had little effect on cardiac autonomic control or morphological and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina S. Felix
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Sabrina G. V. Dutra
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Geisa C. S. V. Tezini
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Marcus Vinicius Simões
- Division of Cardiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and
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Tchernof A, Mansour MF, Pelletier M, Boulet MM, Nadeau M, Luu-The V. Updated survey of the steroid-converting enzymes in human adipose tissues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 147:56-69. [PMID: 25448733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, adipose tissues have been increasingly known for their endocrine properties, that is, their ability to secrete a number of adipocytokines that may exert local and/or systemic effects. In addition, adipose tissues have long been recognized as significant sites for steroid hormone transformation and action. We hereby provide an updated survey of the many steroid-converting enzymes that may be detected in human adipose tissues, their activities and potential roles. In addition to the now well-established role of aromatase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1, many enzymes have been reported in adipocyte cell lines, isolated mature cells and/or preadipocytes. These include 11β-HSD type 2, 17β-HSDs, 3β-HSD, 5α-reductases, sulfatases and glucuronosyltransferases. Some of these enzymes are postulated to bear relevance for adipose tissue physiology and perhaps for the pathophysiology of obesity. This elaborate set of steroid-converting enzymes in the cell types of adipose tissue deserves further scientific attention. Our work on 20α-HSD (AKR1C1), 3α-HSD type 3 (AKR1C2) and 17β-HSD type 5 (AKR1C3) allowed us to clarify the relevance of these enzymes for some aspects of adipose tissue function. For example, down-regulation of AKR1C2 expression in preadipocytes seems to potentiate the inhibitory action of dihydrotestosterone on adipogenesis in this model. Many additional studies are warranted to assess the impact of intra-adipose steroid hormone conversions on adipose tissue functions and chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tchernof
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada; École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Endocrinologe et Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Fouad Mansour
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada; Endocrinologe et Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Pelletier
- Endocrinologe et Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Michèle Boulet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada; École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Nadeau
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Van Luu-The
- Endocrinologe et Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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