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Marcos-Pasero H, Aguilar-Aguilar E, de la Iglesia R, Espinosa-Salinas I, Molina S, Colmenarejo G, Martínez JA, Ramírez de Molina A, Reglero G, Loria-Kohen V. "GENYAL" Study to Childhood Obesity Prevention: Methodology and Preliminary Results. Front Nutr 2022; 9:777384. [PMID: 35350411 PMCID: PMC8957940 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.777384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This article describes the methodology and summarizes some preliminary results of the GENYAL study aiming to design and validate a predictive model, considering both environmental and genetic factors, that identifies children who would benefit most from actions aimed at reducing the risk of obesity and its complications. Design The study is a cluster randomized clinical trial with 5-year follow-up. The initial evaluation was carried out in 2017. The schools were randomly split into intervention (nutritional education) and control schools. Anthropometric measurements, social and health as well as dietary and physical activity data of schoolchildren and their families are annually collected. A total of 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed. Machine Learning models are being designed to predict obesity phenotypes after the 5-year follow-up. Settings Six schools in Madrid. Participants A total of 221 schoolchildren (6-8 years old). Results Collected results show that the prevalence of excess weight was 19.0, 25.4, and 32.2% (according to World Health Organization, International Obesity Task Force and Orbegozo Foundation criteria, respectively). Associations between the nutritional state of children with mother BMI [β = 0.21 (0.13-0.3), p (adjusted) <0.001], geographical location of the school [OR = 2.74 (1.24-6.22), p (adjusted) = 0.06], dairy servings per day [OR = 0.48 (0.29-0.75), p (adjusted) = 0.05] and 8 SNPs [rs1260326, rs780094, rs10913469, rs328, rs7647305, rs3101336, rs2568958, rs925946; p (not adjusted) <0.05] were found. Conclusions These baseline data support the evidence that environmental and genetic factors play a role in the development of childhood obesity. After 5-year follow-up, the GENYAL study pretends to validate the predictive model as a new strategy to fight against obesity. Clinical Trial Registration This study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT03419520, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03419520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcos-Pasero
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío de la Iglesia
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceúticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Espinosa-Salinas
- Nutritional Genomics and Health Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Molina
- GenyalLab, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM, Madrid, Spain
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Kalantari S, Sharafshah A, Keshavarz P, Davoudi A, Habibipour R. Single and multi-locus association study of TCF7L2 gene variants with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population. Gene 2019; 696:88-94. [PMID: 30776466 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies indicated that some of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene variants such as rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs11255372 are constantly associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in various populations and ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between TCF7L2 variants (rs7903146, rs11196205, and rs11255372) and T2DM by TaqMan assay. Statistical analysis was performed through SNPAlyze and SPSS. Significant associations of rs7903146 (P = 1.9 × 10-7), and rs11255372 (P = 2.98 × 10-10) both under a dominant model were found. Based on allele frequency, there was a significant difference between the two study groups at rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants (P = 6.8 × 10-10, and P = 9.3 × 10-11, respectively). Two haplotypes including Hap-1 (C-G-G) and Hap-2 (T-G-T) indicated a significant difference between the two study groups (P = 1.174 × 10-9and P = 7.432 × 109 respectively). In conclusion, rs7903146 and rs12255372 were significantly associated with T2DM in the specified Northern Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Kalantari
- Department of Endocrinology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Arash Davoudi
- Division of Cytogenetic, Medical Genetic Laboratory of Dr. Keshavarz, Rasht, Iran
| | - Razie Habibipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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3
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Kalenda A, Landgraf K, Löffler D, Kovacs P, Kiess W, Körner A. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with lower BMI, lower postprandial glucose levels and elevated carbohydrate intake in children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:159-167. [PMID: 28960774 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid-changing exonic variant rs6265 (Val66Met polymorphism) in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been linked to obesity in several genotype-phenotype association studies. OBJECTIVE To identify metabolic factors by which this effect might be conveyed, we aimed to investigate its correlation with (i) obesity, (ii) metabolic parameters, (iii) serum levels of BDNF and (iv) measures of energy intake in children and adolescents. METHODS We genotyped the variant in 2131 subjects (age 6-18 years) and checked for an association with obesity. Secondly, we correlated the genotype with parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism (fasting/postprandial glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment, Matsuda, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides) in a smaller subset of 845 subjects. We determined BDNF serum levels in 177 individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed the association with genotype and metabolic parameters. Finally, we investigated the association between genotype and macronutrient intake from self-reported food diaries (n = 146). RESULTS The minor Met allele was associated with lower BMI standard deviation score (p = 0.002). Post-pubertal Met allele carriers showed lower postprandial glucose levels and a lower HbA1c (β = 0.15, p = 0.046 and β = 0.27, p = 0.012, respectively). Neither the genotype nor any of the metabolic parameters correlated with BDNF serum levels. We observed an increased total calorie intake (β = -0.21, p = 0.007) with increased carbohydrate and protein intake (β = -0.22, p = 0.005 and β = -0.14, p = 0.028, respectively) in Met allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the association of the minor Met allele with lower BMI in children and provide new data that it is associated with lower postprandial glucose in post-pubertal subjects. Moreover, Met allele carriers reported to consume more carbohydrates and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalenda
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Löffler
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - W Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Cropano C, Santoro N, Groop L, Dalla Man C, Cobelli C, Galderisi A, Kursawe R, Pierpont B, Goffredo M, Caprio S. The rs7903146 Variant in the TCF7L2 Gene Increases the Risk of Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Adolescents by Impairing β-Cell Function and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1082-1089. [PMID: 28611053 PMCID: PMC5521977 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk allele confers susceptibility to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The rs7903146 variant in the TCF7L2 gene was genotyped in a multiethnic cohort of 955 youths. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with the use of the Oral Minimal Model to assess insulin secretion, and 33 subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In 307 subjects, a follow-up oral glucose tolerance test was repeated after 3.11 ± 2.36 years. RESULTS The TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk allele was associated with higher 2-h glucose levels in Caucasians (P = 0.006) and African Americans (P = 0.009), and a trend was seen also in Hispanics (P = 0.072). Also, the T allele was associated with decreased β-cell responsivity and IGT (P < 0.05). Suppression of endogenous hepatic glucose production was lower in subjects with the risk variant (P = 0.006). Finally, the odds of showing IGT/T2D at follow-up were higher in subjects carrying the minor allele (odds ratio 2.224; 95% CI 1.370-3.612; P = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS The rs7903146 variant in the TCF7L2 gene increases the risk of IGT/T2D in obese adolescents by impairing β-cell function, and hepatic insulin sensitivity predicts the development of IGT/T2D over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrina Cropano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alfonso Galderisi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Bridget Pierpont
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Martina Goffredo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Hendricks AE, Bochukova EG, Marenne G, Keogh JM, Atanassova N, Bounds R, Wheeler E, Mistry V, Henning E, Körner A, Muddyman D, McCarthy S, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Scott RA, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Surendran P, Howson JM, Butterworth AS, Danesh J, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Afzal S, Papadia S, Ashford S, Garg S, Millhauser GL, Palomino RI, Kwasniewska A, Tachmazidou I, O'Rahilly S, Zeggini E, Barroso I, Farooqi IS. Rare Variant Analysis of Human and Rodent Obesity Genes in Individuals with Severe Childhood Obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4394. [PMID: 28663568 PMCID: PMC5491520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Using targeted and whole-exome sequencing, we studied 32 human and 87 rodent obesity genes in 2,548 severely obese children and 1,117 controls. We identified 52 variants contributing to obesity in 2% of cases including multiple novel variants in GNAS, which were sometimes found with accelerated growth rather than short stature as described previously. Nominally significant associations were found for rare functional variants in BBS1, BBS9, GNAS, MKKS, CLOCK and ANGPTL6. The p.S284X variant in ANGPTL6 drives the association signal (rs201622589, MAF~0.1%, odds ratio = 10.13, p-value = 0.042) and results in complete loss of secretion in cells. Further analysis including additional case-control studies and population controls (N = 260,642) did not support association of this variant with obesity (odds ratio = 2.34, p-value = 2.59 × 10-3), highlighting the challenges of testing rare variant associations and the need for very large sample sizes. Further validation in cohorts with severe obesity and engineering the variants in model organisms will be needed to explore whether human variants in ANGPTL6 and other genes that lead to obesity when deleted in mice, do contribute to obesity. Such studies may yield druggable targets for weight loss therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E Hendricks
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Elena G Bochukova
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neli Atanassova
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Bounds
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Vanisha Mistry
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Children's Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Praveen Surendran
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna M Howson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Danesh
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Papadia
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sofie Ashford
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumedha Garg
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Rafael I Palomino
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Alexandra Kwasniewska
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Helfer G, Tups A. Hypothalamic Wnt Signalling and its Role in Energy Balance Regulation. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28:12368. [PMID: 26802435 PMCID: PMC4797366 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling and its downstream effectors are well known for their roles in embryogenesis and tumourigenesis, including the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. In the nervous system, Wnt signalling has been described mainly during embryonic development, although accumulating evidence suggests that it also plays a major role in adult brain morphogenesis and function. Studies have predominantly concentrated on memory formation in the hippocampus, although recent data indicate that Wnt signalling is also critical for neuroendocrine control of the developed hypothalamus, a brain centre that is key in energy balance regulation and whose dysfunction is implicated in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Based on scattered findings that report the presence of Wnt molecules in the tanycytes and ependymal cells lining the third ventricle and arcuate nucleus neurones of the hypothalamus, their potential importance in key regions of food intake and body weight regulation has been investigated in recent studies. The present review brings together current knowledge on Wnt signalling in the hypothalamus of adult animals and discusses the evidence suggesting a key role for members of the Wnt signalling family in glucose and energy balance regulation in the hypothalamus in diet-induced and genetically obese (leptin deficient) mice. Aspects of Wnt signalling in seasonal (photoperiod sensitive) rodents are also highlighted, given the recent evidence indicating that the Wnt pathway in the hypothalamus is not only regulated by diet and leptin, but also by photoperiod in seasonal animals, which is connected to natural adaptive changes in food intake and body weight. Thus, Wnt signalling appears to be critical as a modulator for normal functioning of the physiological state in the healthy adult brain, and is also crucial for normal glucose and energy homeostasis where its dysregulation can lead to a range of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Helfer
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenBucksburnAberdeenUK
| | - A. Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research CentreDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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7
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Qi Q, Downer MK, Kilpeläinen TO, Taal HR, Barton SJ, Ntalla I, Standl M, Boraska V, Huikari V, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Körner A, Lakka TA, Liu G, Magnusson J, Okuda M, Raitakari O, Richmond R, Scott RA, Bailey MES, Scheuermann K, Holloway JW, Inskip H, Isasi CR, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Jaddoe VWV, Laitinen J, Lindi V, Melén E, Pitsiladis Y, Pitkänen N, Snieder H, Heinrich J, Timpson NJ, Wang T, Yuji H, Zeggini E, Dedoussis GV, Kaplan RC, Wylie-Rosett J, Loos RJF, Hu FB, Qi L. Dietary Intake, FTO Genetic Variants, and Adiposity: A Combined Analysis of Over 16,000 Children and Adolescents. Diabetes 2015; 64:2467-76. [PMID: 25720386 PMCID: PMC4876751 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The FTO gene harbors variation with the strongest effect on adiposity and obesity risk. Previous data support a role for FTO variation in influencing food intake. We conducted a combined analysis of 16,094 boys and girls aged 1-18 years from 14 studies to examine the following: 1) the association between the FTO rs9939609 variant (or a proxy) and total energy and macronutrient intake; and 2) the interaction between the FTO variant and dietary intake, and the effect on BMI. We found that the BMI-increasing allele (minor allele) of the FTO variant was associated with increased total energy intake (effect per allele = 14.3 kcal/day [95% CI 5.9, 22.7 kcal/day], P = 6.5 × 10(-4)), but not with protein, carbohydrate, or fat intake. We also found that protein intake modified the association between the FTO variant and BMI (interactive effect per allele = 0.08 SD [0.03, 0.12 SD], P for interaction = 7.2 × 10(-4)): the association between FTO genotype and BMI was much stronger in individuals with high protein intake (effect per allele = 0.10 SD [0.07, 0.13 SD], P = 8.2 × 10(-10)) than in those with low intake (effect per allele = 0.04 SD [0.01, 0.07 SD], P = 0.02). Our results suggest that the FTO variant that confers a predisposition to higher BMI is associated with higher total energy intake, and that lower dietary protein intake attenuates the association between FTO genotype and adiposity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary K Downer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Rob Taal
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sheila J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vesna Boraska
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hixton, Cambridge, U.K. Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ville Huikari
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Global Public Health, Leiden University College, Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Antje Körner
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gaifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jessica Magnusson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masayuki Okuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Olli Raitakari
- The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Rebecca Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Mark E S Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Kathrin Scheuermann
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Genetics and Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - Hazel Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Virpi Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands Georgia Prevention Center, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Hinoda Yuji
- Hokkaido Nursing College, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Behari J, Li H, Liu S, Stefanovic-Racic M, Alonso L, O'Donnell CP, Shiva S, Singamsetty S, Watanabe Y, Singh VP, Liu Q. β-catenin links hepatic metabolic zonation with lipid metabolism and diet-induced obesity in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3284-98. [PMID: 25300578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin regulates the establishment of hepatic metabolic zonation. To elucidate the functional significance of liver metabolic zonation in the chronically overfed state in vivo, we fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to hepatocyte-specific β-catenin transgenic (TG) and knockout (KO) mice. Chow-fed TG and KO mice had normal liver histologic findings and body weight. However, HFD-fed TG mice developed prominent perivenous steatosis with periportal sparing. In contrast, HFD-fed KO mice had increased lobular inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis. HFD-fed TG mice rapidly developed diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, but KO mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity. However, β-catenin did not directly affect hepatic insulin signaling, suggesting that the metabolic effects of β-catenin occurred via a parallel pathway. Hepatic expression of key glycolytic and lipogenic genes was higher in HFD-fed TG and lower in KO mice compared with wild-type mice. KO mice also exhibited defective hepatic fatty acid oxidation and fasting ketogenesis. Hepatic levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulator of glycolysis and a known β-catenin binding partner, were higher in HFD-fed TG and lower in KO mice. KO mice had attenuated perivenous hypoxia, suggesting disruption of the normal sinusoidal oxygen gradient, a major determinant of liver carbohydrate and liver metabolism. Canonical Wnt signaling in hepatocytes is essential for the development of diet-induced fatty liver and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Behari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Huanan Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shiguang Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maja Stefanovic-Racic
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Srikanth Singamsetty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoshio Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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Windholz J, Kovacs P, Tönjes A, Dittrich K, Blüher S, Kiess W, Stumvoll M, Körner A. Effects of genetic variants in ADCY5, GIPR, GCKR and VPS13C on early impairment of glucose and insulin metabolism in children. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22101. [PMID: 21789219 PMCID: PMC3137620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent genome-wide association studies identified novel candidate genes for fasting and 2 h blood glucose and insulin levels in adults. We investigated the role of four of these loci (ADCY5, GIPR, GCKR and VPS13C) in early impairment of glucose and insulin metabolism in children. Research Design and Methods We genotyped four variants (rs2877716; rs1260326; rs10423928; rs17271305) in 638 Caucasian children with detailed metabolic testing including an oGTT and assessed associations with measures of glucose and insulin metabolism (including fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and insulin sensitivity/secretion indices) by linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI-SDS and pubertal stage. Results The major allele (C) of rs2877716 (ADCY5) was nominally associated with decreased fasting plasma insulin (P = 0.008), peak insulin (P = 0.009) and increased QUICKI (P = 0.016) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.013). rs17271305 (VPS13C) was nominally associated with 2 h blood glucose (P = 0.009), but not with any of the insulin or insulin sensitivity parameters. We found no association of the GIPR and GCKR variants with parameters of glucose and insulin metabolism. None of the variants correlated with anthropometric traits such as height, WHR or BMI-SDS, which excluded potential underlying associations with obesity. Conclusions Our data on obese children indicate effects of genetic variation within ADCY5 in early impairment of insulin metabolism and VPS13C in early impairment of blood glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Windholz
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Dittrich
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Blüher
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TCF7L2 are linked to diabetic coronary atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17978. [PMID: 21423583 PMCID: PMC3058059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) shares common risk factors with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Variations in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, particularly rs7903146, increase T2DM risk. Potential links between genetic variants of the TCF7L2 locus and coronary atherosclerosis are uncertain. We therefore investigated the association between TCF7L2 polymorphisms and angiographically determined CAD in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methodology/Principal Findings We genotyped TCF7L2 variants rs7903146, rs12255372, and rs11196205 in a cross-sectional study including 1,650 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of established or suspected stable CAD. Significant CAD was diagnosed in the presence of coronary stenoses ≥50%. Variant rs7903146 in the total study cohort was significantly associated with significant CAD (adjusted additive OR = 1.29 [1.09–1.53]; p = 0.003). This association was strong and significant in T2DM patients (n = 393; OR = 1.91 [1.32–2.75]; p = 0.001) but not in non-diabetic subjects (OR = 1.09 [0.90–1.33]; p = 0.370). The interaction risk allele by T2DM was significant (pinteraction = 0.002), indicating a significantly stronger impact of the polymorphism on CAD in T2DM patients than in non-diabetic subjects. TCF7L2 polymorphisms rs12255372 and rs11196205 were also significantly associated with CAD in diabetic patients (adjusted additive OR = 1.90 [1.31–2.74]; p = 0.001 and OR = 1.75 [1.22–2.50]; p = 0.002, respectively). Further, haplotype analysis demonstrated that haplotypes including the rare alleles of all investigated variants were significantly associated with CAD in the whole cohort as well as in diabetic subjects (OR = 1.22 [1.04–1.43]; p = 0.013 and OR = 1.67 [1.19–2.22]; p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that TCF7L2 variants rs7903146 rs12255372, and rs11196205 are significantly associated with angiographically diagnosed CAD, specifically in patients with T2DM. TCF7L2 therefore appears as a genetic link between diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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11
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TCF7L2 and therapeutic response to sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:30. [PMID: 21349175 PMCID: PMC3051886 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Variants in the TCF7L2 have been shown to be associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since the association with diabetes could be explained by effects on insulin secretion, we investigated whether patients with diabetes risk alleles at rs7903146 might have an altered hypoglycaemic response to sulfonylureas (SUs). Methods We recruited 189 patients with T2D being treated with SUs and determined the rs7903146 diabetes risk genotype. We used a logistic regression with secondary SU failure defined as an A1C ≥7.0% after 6 months of SU treatment. Results In univariate regression analyses, TCF7L2 genotype was the only predictor of SU treatment failure. The rs7903146 T allele was significantly more frequent in the group of patients who failed to respond to SU (36%) than in the control group (26%) [P = 0.046; odds ratio (OR): 1.57 (1.01-2.45) in an additive mode of inheritance]. Conclusions Our data suggest that patients with diabetes risk alleles in TCF7L2 have an altered hypoglycaemic response to SUs resulting in earlier secondary failure.
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Renström F, Shungin D, Johansson I, Florez JC, Hallmans G, Hu FB, Franks PW. Genetic predisposition to long-term nondiabetic deteriorations in glucose homeostasis: Ten-year follow-up of the GLACIER study. Diabetes 2011; 60:345-54. [PMID: 20870969 PMCID: PMC3012192 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether recently discovered genetic loci associated with hyperglycemia also predict long-term changes in glycemic traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen fasting glucose-raising loci were genotyped in middle-aged adults from the Gene x Lifestyle interactions And Complex traits Involved in Elevated disease Risk (GLACIER) Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from northern Sweden. Genotypes were tested for association with baseline fasting and 2-h postchallenge glycemia (N = 16,330), and for changes in these glycemic traits during a 10-year follow-up period (N = 4,059). RESULTS Cross-sectional directionally consistent replication with fasting glucose concentrations was achieved for 12 of 16 variants; 10 variants were also associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 7 were independently associated with 2-h postchallenge glucose concentrations. In prospective analyses, the effect alleles at four loci (GCK rs4607517, ADRA2A rs10885122, DGKB-TMEM195 rs2191349, and G6PC2 rs560887) were nominally associated with worsening fasting glucose concentrations during 10-years of follow-up. MTNR1B rs10830963, which was predictive of elevated fasting glucose concentrations in cross-sectional analyses, was associated with a protective effect on postchallenge glucose concentrations during follow-up; however, this was only when baseline fasting and 2-h glucoses were adjusted for. An additive effect of multiple risk alleles on glycemic traits was observed: a weighted genetic risk score (80th vs. 20th centiles) was associated with a 0.16 mmol/l (P = 2.4 × 10⁻⁶) greater elevation in fasting glucose and a 64% (95% CI: 33-201%) higher risk of developing IFG during 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that genetic profiling might facilitate the early detection of persons who are genetically susceptible to deteriorating glucose control; studies of incident type 2 diabetes and discrete cardiovascular end points will help establish whether the magnitude of these changes is clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Renström
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - the MAGIC Investigators
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Nutritional Research, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Paul W. Franks,
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13
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Ma L, Hanson RL, Traurig MT, Muller YL, Kaur BP, Perez JM, Meyre D, Fu M, Körner A, Franks PW, Kiess W, Kobes S, Knowler WC, Kovacs P, Froguel P, Shuldiner AR, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Evaluation of A2BP1 as an obesity gene. Diabetes 2010; 59:2837-45. [PMID: 20724578 PMCID: PMC2963542 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Pima Indians (n = 413) identified variation in the ataxin-2 binding protein 1 gene (A2BP1) that was associated with percent body fat. On the basis of this association and the obese phenotype of ataxin-2 knockout mice, A2BP1 was genetically and functionally analyzed to assess its potential role in human obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Variants spanning A2BP1 were genotyped in a population-based sample of 3,234 full-heritage Pima Indians, 2,843 of whom were not part of the initial GWAS study and therefore could serve as a sample to assess replication. Published GWAS data across A2BP1 were additionally analyzed in French adult (n = 1,426) and children case/control subjects (n = 1,392) (Meyre et al. Nat Genet 2009;41:157-159). Selected variants were genotyped in two additional samples of Caucasians (Amish, n = 1,149, and German children case/control subjects, n = 998) and one additional Native American (n = 2,531) sample. Small interfering RNA was used to knockdown A2bp1 message levels in mouse embryonic hypothalamus cells. RESULTS No single variant in A2BP1 was reproducibly associated with obesity across the different populations. However, different variants within intron 1 of A2BP1 were associated with BMI in full-heritage Pima Indians (rs10500331, P = 1.9 × 10(-7)) and obesity in French Caucasian adult (rs4786847, P = 1.9 × 10(-10)) and children (rs8054147, P = 9.2 × 10(-6)) case/control subjects. Reduction of A2bp1 in mouse embryonic hypothalamus cells decreased expression of Atxn2, Insr, and Mc4r. CONCLUSIONS Association analysis suggests that variation in A2BP1 influences obesity, and functional studies suggest that A2BP1 could potentially affect adiposity via the hypothalamic MC4R pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael T. Traurig
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Yunhua L. Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Bakhshish P. Kaur
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jessica M. Perez
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David Meyre
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Mao Fu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Clinical Research Center, Malmö General Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - William C. Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Leslie J. Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
- Corresponding author: Leslie J. Baier,
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Amed S, Daneman D, Mahmud FH, Hamilton J. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8:393-406. [PMID: 20222817 DOI: 10.1586/erc.10.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children and adolescents parallels the rising rates of childhood obesity. As a condition of impaired insulin sensitivity and relative insulin deficiency resulting in hyperglycemia, T2D has a complex underlying physiology that is reflected by the multiple approaches used to optimize medical care and prevent the myriad of diabetes-related complications. T2D diagnosed in children and adolescents represents a distinct and challenging condition to evaluate and treat. Here, we highlight the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation and diagnosis, treatment and public health impact of T2D in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazhan Amed
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Prudente S, Morini E, Trischitta V. Insulin signaling regulating genes: effect on T2DM and cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009; 5:682-93. [PMID: 19924153 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder that has a heterogeneous genetic and environmental background. In this Review, we discuss the role of relatively infrequent polymorphisms of genes that regulate insulin signaling (including the K121Q polymorphism of ENPP1, the G972R polymorphism of IRS1 and the Q84R polymorphism of TRIB3) in T2DM and other conditions related to insulin resistance. The biological relevance of these three polymorphisms has been very thoroughly characterized both in vitro and in vivo and the available data indicate that they all affect insulin signaling and action as well as insulin secretion. They also affect insulin-mediated regulation of endothelial cell function. In addition, several reports indicate that the effects of all three polymorphisms on the risk of T2DM and cardiovascular diseases related to insulin resistance depend on the clinical features of the individual, including their body weight and age at disease onset. Thus, these polymorphisms might be used to demonstrate how difficult it is to ascertain the contribution of relatively infrequent genetic variants with heterogeneous effects on disease susceptibility. Unraveling the role of such variants might be facilitated by improving disease definition and focusing on specific subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
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16
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Morini E, Prudente S, Succurro E, Chandalia M, Zhang YY, Mammarella S, Pellegrini F, Powers C, Proto V, Dallapiccola B, Cama A, Sesti G, Abate N, Doria A, Trischitta V. IRS1 G972R polymorphism and type 2 diabetes: a paradigm for the difficult ascertainment of the contribution to disease susceptibility of 'low-frequency-low-risk' variants. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1852-7. [PMID: 19557384 PMCID: PMC2782547 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to determine the association between IRS1 G972R polymorphism and type 2 diabetes; published data concerning this association have been conflicting. To obtain further insight into this topic, we performed a meta-analysis of all available case-control studies. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 32 studies (12,076 cases and 11,285 controls). RESULTS The relatively infrequent R972 variant was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.96-1.23, p = 0.184 under a dominant model). Some evidence of heterogeneity was observed across studies (p = 0.1). In the 14 studies (9,713 individuals) in which the mean age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis was available, this variable explained 52% of the heterogeneity (p = 0.03). When these studies were subdivided into tertiles of mean age at diagnosis, the OR for diabetes was 1.48 (95% CI 1.17-1.87), 1.22 (95% CI 0.97-1.53) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.68-1.13) in the youngest, intermediate and oldest tertile, respectively (p = 0.0022 for trend of ORs). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings illustrate the difficulties of ascertaining the contribution of 'low-frequency-low-risk' variants to type 2 diabetes susceptibility. In the specific context of the R972 variant, approximately 200,000 study individuals would be needed to have 80% power to identify a 9% increase in diabetes risk at a genome-wide significance level. Under these circumstances, a strategy aimed at improving outcome definition and decreasing its heterogeneity may critically enhance our ability to detect genetic effects, thereby decreasing the required sample size. Our data suggest that focusing on early-onset diabetes, which is characterised by a stronger genetic background, may be part of such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morini
- IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Institute, Viale Regina Margherita 261, Postal Code 00198, Rome, Italy
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Lappalainen S, Voutilainen R, Utriainen P, Laakso M, Jääskeläinen J. Genetic variation of FTO and TCF7L2 in premature adrenarche. Metabolism 2009; 58:1263-9. [PMID: 19497595 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Premature adrenarche (PA) has been associated with increased body mass index. Our aim was to determine whether the obesity-associated variant at fat mass and obesity gene (FTO) is more frequent in PA subjects. Furthermore, we hypothesized that altered Wnt signaling due to genetic variants at transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) could play a role in the polygenic pathogenesis of PA. We genotyped polymorphisms at FTO rs9939609 and at TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs12255372 in 73 Finnish white prepubertal children with PA and in 97 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the associations of these genetic variations with weight, height, circulating adrenocortical hormone levels, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and blood pressure. The differences in the minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of rs9939609, rs7903146, and rs12255372 were not statistically significant between the PA and control groups (difference in MAFs [95% confidence interval]: -0.06 [-0.18, 0.05], 0.04 [-0.05, 0.12], and 0.01 [-0.07, 0.10]; P = .3, .4, and .8, respectively). However, the risk allele at TCF7L2 rs7903146 was more frequent in PA subjects than in controls when we restricted the analysis to the subjects with lower weight-for-height than the median of the PA subjects (weight-for-height <108%, corresponding body mass index SD score <0.79; difference in MAFs [95% confidence interval]: 0.12 [-0.001, 0.23]; P = .038). Risk variant at FTO rs9939609 associated with higher weight-for-height in the healthy children (P = .001). In conclusion, the minor variant at FTO rs9939609 seems to play no major role in the increased weight-for-height of PA subjects; but the risk allele at TCF7L2 rs7903146 may have a role in the pathogenesis of PA in lean subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saila Lappalainen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Yu J, Steck AK, Babu S, Yu L, Miao D, McFann K, Hutton J, Eisenbarth GS, Klingensmith G. Single nucleotide transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene polymorphisms in antiislet autoantibody-negative patients at onset of diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:504-10. [PMID: 19050058 PMCID: PMC2646512 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is controversy as to whether type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility contributes to type 1 diabetes, and it is not known what proportion of islet autoantibody-negative new onset subjects have type 2 diabetes risk alleles. OBJECTIVES We designed this study to evaluate whether two type 2 diabetes-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene are associated with the development of islet autoantibody-negative diabetes vs. islet autoantibody-positive diabetes in young patients and whether these SNPs are associated with specific clinical phenotypes. DESIGN Autoantibody against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, islet cell antibody 512bdc (form of IA-2), insulin, ZnT8 transporter, and cytoplasmic islet cell antibody were assayed in patients with new onset diabetes seen at the Barbara Davis Center using sera obtained within 2 wk of diagnosis. We genotyped two noncoding variants in the TCF7L2 gene, rs12255372 and rs7903146, in diabetic subjects and normal controls. RESULTS A total of 140 patients (15.7%) were negative for all islet autoantibodies among 893 subjects less than age 25 at the onset of diabetes. The allele and genotype frequencies of two SNPs showed that these are associated (odds ratio up to 4) with the development of diabetes in the autoantibody-negative diabetic cohort, but not in the autoantibody-positive diabetic cohort. CONCLUSION TCF7L2 type 2 diabetes susceptibility alleles are associated with islet autoantibody-negative but not autoantibody-positive new onset diabetes in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesuk Yu
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Evidence for an influence of TCF7L2 polymorphism rs7903146 on insulin resistance and sensitivity indices in overweight children and adolescents during a lifestyle intervention. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:1521-4. [DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kovacs P, Berndt J, Ruschke K, Klöting N, Schön MR, Körner A, Stumvoll M, Blüher M. TCF7L2 gene expression in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue is differentially regulated but not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2008; 57:1227-31. [PMID: 18702948 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the TCF7L2 gene have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the causal variant(s) is still unknown. We studied the TCF7L2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in paired samples of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 49 subjects using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and its relation to obesity and T2DM. All subjects were genotyped for the previously described TCF7L2 diabetes risk variants. Independent of age, sex, obesity, and diabetes status, we found >3-fold higher TCF7L2 mRNA expression in subcutaneous compared with visceral adipose tissue. There was no correlation between visceral and subcutaneous TCF7L2 expression. No differences in adipose tissue TCF7L2 mRNA expression levels were found between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, or between lean and obese subjects (all Ps > .05). In addition, there was no association between TCF7L2 genetic variants and mRNA expression. Based on our data, TCF7L2 mRNA expression is fat-depot specific but does not seem to provide the mechanistic link explaining genetic association with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacs
- Junior Research Group N06, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Kempf K, Rathmann W, Herder C. Impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008; 24:427-37. [PMID: 18551709 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in paediatric patients used to be almost exclusively type 1, but in recent years, case series as well as hospital-based and population-based studies indicated that the number of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been increasing. This development is alarming since T2DM in youth is usually not an isolated condition, but accompanied by other cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and low-grade inflammation. In adults, numerous studies provided detailed data on prevalence, incidence and risk factors for the development of T2DM, but for children and adolescents clinical and experimental data are still rather limited. This review provides an overview about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of T2DM in youth and about impaired glucose regulation as major risk factor for diabetes development with a special focus on the recent literature on clinical and lifestyle-related risk factors. Differences in incidence and prevalence across different populations indicate that ethnic background and genetic pre-disposition may be important risk determinants. In addition, epigenetic factors and foetal programming appear to confer additional risk before birth. Among the environmental and lifestyle-related risk factors there is evidence that obesity, hypercaloric diet, physical inactivity, socio-economic position (SEP), smoking, low-grade inflammation, psychosocial stress and sleeping patterns contribute to the risk for T2DM. However, the assessment of the relevance of risk factors and of incidence or prevalence estimates in youth is complicated by methodological issues that are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kempf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetes Research, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Gulcher J, Stefansson K. The clinical utility of genetic risk variants in type 2 diabetes. EXPERT OPINION ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2008; 2:991-1002. [PMID: 23495871 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.8.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is one of the first success stories in the application of genome-wide linkage and association studies to find genetic variants contributing to its risk. OBJECTIVE Are the genetic markers found so far useful in predicting which individuals are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes? Can they find which patients with prediabetes are more likely to convert to type 2 diabetes and therefore may benefit the most from lifestyle or pharmacologic prevention strategies? METHODS The literature pertaining to the discovery and replications of genes contributing to type 2 diabetes was focused on. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Substantial risk for type 2 diabetes is represented by the top 8 genes, including TCF7L2, and in certain circumstances may be useful for prevention strategies targeted to those with highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Gulcher
- Decode Genetics, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Abstract
The rapid increase in the population prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth can only be explained by changes in lifestyle. However, even when most members of a population have changed their lifestyle, only a minority of children develop diabetes, and genetic factors are important in determining which children are affected. Support for the role of genetic factors comes from epidemiological evidence that diabetes in youth is most common in high diabetes prevalence racial groups, in subjects with a strong family history, and in girls. Defining the genes predisposing to T2DM is extremely difficult as there are multiple genes involved each contributing only a small amount and lifestyle factors play a large role. Defining the molecular genetics of T2DM in youth is even harder because in addition to the low number of subjects, there is also the ethnic heterogeneity of the subjects and the lack of robust diagnostic criteria. Recently, there has been considerable progress in defining the predisposing genes for adults with T2DM using thousands of cases and controls and a collaborative genome-wide approach. Similar numbers will be needed to assess if the genes found in adults also predispose to T2DM of youth and this will require large multi-center studies. Progress to date in the molecular genetics of T2DM in youth is limited to one population, the Oji-Cree Native Canadians, where the private variant - G319S - a variant of HNF1A strongly predisposes to diabetes in children as well as in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Gill-Carey
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
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Dina C, Meyre D, Gallina S, Durand E, Körner A, Jacobson P, Carlsson LMS, Kiess W, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, Delplanque J, Vaillant E, Pattou F, Ruiz J, Weill J, Levy-Marchal C, Horber F, Potoczna N, Hercberg S, Le Stunff C, Bougnères P, Kovacs P, Marre M, Balkau B, Cauchi S, Chèvre JC, Froguel P. Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity. Nat Genet 2007; 39:724-6. [PMID: 17496892 DOI: 10.1038/ng2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1128] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We identified a set of SNPs in the first intron of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene on chromosome 16q12.2 that is consistently strongly associated with early-onset and severe obesity in both adults and children of European ancestry with an experiment-wise P value of 1.67 x 10(-26) in 2,900 affected individuals and 5,100 controls. The at-risk haplotype yields a proportion of attributable risk of 22% for common obesity. We conclude that FTO contributes to human obesity and hence may be a target for subsequent functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dina
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
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