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Zadeh-Vakili A, Najd-Hassan-Bonab L, Akbarzadeh M, Abdi H, Zahedi AS, Azizi F, Daneshpour MS. Three candidate SNPs show associations with thyroid-stimulating hormone in euthyroid subjects: Tehran thyroid study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:1047-1055. [PMID: 38932823 PMCID: PMC11196493 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have shown interindividual variation in free thyroxine (FT4) serum levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy persons. Genetic factors mainly determine this variation, and genome-wide association studies have increased the number of thyroid function-associated variants. The present study investigates the association of candidate variants with FT4 and TSH in a euthyroid Iranian population. Method A total of 2931 unrelated euthyroid subjects (FT4 10.29-21.88 pmol/L; TSH 0.32-10 mIU/L, thyroid peroxidase antibody TPOAb < 33 IU/mL in men and < 35 IU/mL in women), with available genotypes were chosen from the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS), to examine the impact of selected SNPs on thyroid hormone under the additive genetic model. In order to evaluate regional associations with FT4 and TSH levels, a haplotype analysis was done. Results We identified a strong association between the rs4338740-C allele and TSH in the adjusted model (β = -0.095, P-value = 0.0004). Also, findings indicated that rs4954192 ACMSD and rs4445669 CADM1 correlated with normal TSH levels (P-value = 0.011, P-value = 0.014, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that two haplotypes were significantly associated with TSH levels in euthyroid individuals. The ACGA and AC haplotypes on chromosomes 8 and 14 were significantly correlated with normal TSH levels, respectively (P-value = 0.014, P-value = 0.016). Conclusions This is the first genetic association study with TSH and FT4 reference values in an Iranian population. Our findings indicate that a few gene variants associated with the reference values of TSH in other populations are also associated with the reference values of TSH in Iranians. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01383-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Najd-Hassan-Bonab
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hengameh Abdi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S. Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, IR Iran
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Elsherbiny TM. Quitting smoking as a probable trigger for new-onset hypothyroidism after successful medical treatment of Graves' disease: case report. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241256470. [PMID: 38808008 PMCID: PMC11131390 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241256470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism while Hashimoto or autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Spontaneous hypothyroidism may develop after successful medical treatment of GD in up to 20% of cases. This report presents a gentleman who is a known smoker and was diagnosed with GD at the age of 64 years. He was counseled about smoking cessation and started with medical treatment using carbimazole (CBZ). He was adequately controlled using medical treatment, yet he continued to smoke. After 2 years of medical treatment, CBZ was stopped due to developing hypothyroidism on the minimum dose of treatment. Celebrating the discontinuation of treatment, the patient decided to quit smoking. One month later, he was euthyroid; however, 4 months later, he developed overt hypothyroidism. He received levothyroxine replacement therapy and titrated to achieve euthyroidism and remained on levothyroxine for more than 5 years. The possibility that quitting smoking may have triggered the development of hypothyroidism was raised due to the coincidence of developing hypothyroidism only 4 months after quitting smoking. Current smoking is associated with a higher risk of developing both GD and Graves' orbitopathy. Quitting smoking is associated with a higher risk of developing new-onset thyroid autoimmunity. Quitting smoking is also associated with a sevenfold higher risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism especially in the first year of smoking cessation. Involved mechanisms may include a sudden increase in oxidative stress, a sudden increase in iodide delivery to thyroid follicles, or promoting T-helper 1-mediated autoimmune thyroiditis after quitting smoking. The present case suggests that quitting smoking may be a triggering factor for the development of hypothyroidism following successful medical treatment of GD, a phenomenon that may affect one-fifth of GD patients without previously reported triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Mohamed Elsherbiny
- Endocrine Division – Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria 5372066, Egypt
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The CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset is expanded and controls Th1 cell development in Graves' disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Verdickt S, Van Nes F, Moyson C, Maes T, Van Crombrugge P, Van den Bruel A, Decallonne B. TPO antibody status prior to first radioactive iodine therapy as a predictive parameter for hypothyroidism in Graves' disease. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e220047. [PMID: 35687484 PMCID: PMC9254270 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated whether a positive thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) status before radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism is a predictive factor for developing hypothyroidism post RAI. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism with known TPO Ab status, receiving the first administration of RAI. Patients from four thyroid outpatient centres in Belgium receiving their first RAI therapy between the years 2011 and 2019 were studied. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and treatment data were recorded from medical charts. Hypothyroidism and cure (defined as combined hypo- and euthyroidism) were evaluated in period 1 (≥2 and ≤9 months, closest to 6 months post RAI) and period 2 (>9 months and ≤24 months post RAI, closest to 12 months post RAI). Results A total of 152 patients were included of which 105 (69%) were TPO Ab-positive. Compared to TPO Ab-negative patients, TPO Ab-positive patients were younger, had a larger thyroid gland, and had more previous episodes of hyperthyroidism. In period 1, 89% of the TPO Ab-positive group developed hypothyroidism and 72% in the TPO Ab-negative group (P = 0.007). In period 2, the observation was similar: 88% vs 72% (P = 0.019). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a positive TPO Ab status was associated with hypothyroidism in period 2 (adjusted OR: 4.78; 95% CI: 1.27-20.18; P = 0.024). In period 1, the aOR was 4.16 (95% CI: 1.0-18.83; P = 0.052). Conclusion A positive TPO Ab status in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism receiving the first administration of RAI is associated with a higher risk of early hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Verdickt
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Falco Van Nes
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolien Moyson
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toon Maes
- Department of Endocrinology, Imeldaziekenhuis Bonheiden, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Paul Van Crombrugge
- Department of Endocrinology, OLV Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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CD4+ Cytotoxic T Cells Involved in the Development of EBV-Associated Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080831. [PMID: 35894054 PMCID: PMC9330826 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated cytotoxic CD4 T cells (HLA-DR+) play an important role in the control of EBV infection, especially in cells with latency I (EBNA-1). One of the evasion mechanisms of these latency cells is generated by gp42, which, via peripherally binding to the β1 domain of the β chain of MHC class II (HLA-DQ, -DR, and -DP) of the infected B lymphocyte, can block/alter the HLA class II/T-cell receptor (TCR) interaction, and confer an increased level of susceptibility towards the development of EBV-associated autoimmune diseases or cancer in genetically predisposed individuals (HLA-DRB1* and DQB1* alleles). The main developments predisposing the factors of these diseases are: EBV infection; HLA class II risk alleles; sex; and tissue that is infiltrated with EBV-latent cells, forming ectopic lymphoid structures. Therefore, there is a need to identify treatments for eliminating cells with EBV latency, because the current treatments (e.g., antivirals and rituximab) are ineffective.
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Kryczyk-Kozioł J, Prochownik E, Błażewska-Gruszczyk A, Słowiaczek M, Sun Q, Schomburg L, Ochab E, Bartyzel M, Zagrodzki P. Assessment of the Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Production of Selected Cytokines in Women with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142869. [PMID: 35889825 PMCID: PMC9317246 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of selenium on the course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) was mainly assessed by monitoring the titer of antithyroid autoantibodies in most of the studies conducted hitherto. On the other hand, the imbalance in activity of T cells such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg may be relevant in the pathogenesis of this disease. Hence, the assessment of changes in the secretion of cytokines by these cells during selenium supplementation in patients with HT seems to be an important issue and was the main goal of this study. A further aim was to search for correlations among these cytokines, as well as markers of thyroid function, selenium/iodine status in the body, and other biochemical parameters. The group of 29 women with newly diagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was supplemented with selenium in a dose of 100 µg/day for 6 months. Immunological parameters: interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, chemokine CXCL10, interleukin 4, interleukin 1β, interleukin 17, transforming growth factor β, and C-reactive protein, as well as selenium status parameters were determined in serum twice, i.e., before and after supplementation. Selenium supplementation was associated with a change in the production of two cytokines: interferon γ and interleukin 1β, for which a decrease and an increase in concentration were observed, respectively. The partial least squares (PLS) model revealed the presence of many relevant correlations among analyzed parameters. The stage of HT development, degree of thyroid dysfunction, and selenium supplementation of diet are interdependent factors which shape the profile of some cytokines secreted by cells participating in the autoimmunity process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (E.P.)
| | - Ewelina Prochownik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Marian Słowiaczek
- Medical Center DIAGNOZA, Zaczarowane Koło 5, 30-087 Kraków, Poland; (A.B.-G.); (M.S.)
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (Q.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (Q.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ewa Ochab
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Bartyzel
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (J.K.-K.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-56-71; Fax: +48-12-620-56-93
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Mohamed NM, elfatah AHA. Receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) polymorphism and oxidative status in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in Egyptian female patients: case control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most widespread autoimmune illness targeting a specific organ. "Redox homeostasis" is achieved when the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and their elimination are in balance. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed when glucose and/or α-oxaloaldehydes react non-enzymatically with the amino groups of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Nowadays, many studies are concerned with AGEs, the polymorphisms of their receptors, and their association with increased risk of HT. However, few studies investigated the role of receptors of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) SNP in Egyptian females.
Objective
The goals of this investigation were to ascertain whether oxidative stress plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were associated with HT, in addition, to assess the association of RAGE polymorphisms (− 374 T > A and the − 429 T > C and Gly82Ser) with HT.
Subject and methods.
Our case–control study has 80 patients enrolled who have newly been diagnosed with HT and 80 age and sex-matched healthy female controls. Each participant underwent a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations, which included Genotyping of RAGE Gly82Ser, − 374 T > A and − 429 T > C using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR–RFLP).
Results
Chi-square revealed a significant association regarding the distribution of RAGE (− 374 T < C) genotypes TT and CC between patients and control (P = 0.04). Non-significant associations regarding the distribution of Gly82Ser genotypes Gly/Gly, Gly/Ser, Ser/Ser were found between patients and control (P = 0.5), and non-significant associations related to − 429 T > C gene polymorphism were revealed. In addition, patients with HT had higher MDA and lower TCA compared with controls.
Conclusion
The elevated MDA and decreased TAC as an antioxidant may be one of several risk factors associated with the prevalence of HT in individuals with the − 429 T > C RAGE mutation polymorphism that is associated with an increased risk of HT in Egyptian females.
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miR-199a Downregulation as a Driver of the NOX4/HIF-1α/VEGF-A Pathway in Thyroid and Orbital Adipose Tissues from Graves′ Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010153. [PMID: 35008579 PMCID: PMC8745087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroiditis often associated with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). GD thyroid and GO orbital fat share high oxidative stress (OS) and hypervascularization. We investigated the metabolic pathways leading to OS and angiogenesis, aiming to further decipher the link between local and systemic GD manifestations. Plasma and thyroid samples were obtained from patients operated on for multinodular goiters (controls) or GD. Orbital fats were from GO or control patients. The NADPH-oxidase-4 (NOX4)/HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling pathway was investigated by Western blotting and immunostaining. miR-199a family expression was evaluated following quantitative real-time PCR and/or in situ hybridization. In GD thyroids and GO orbital fats, NOX4 was upregulated and correlated with HIF-1α stabilization and VEGF-A overexpression. The biotin assay identified NOX4, HIF-1α and VEGF-A as direct targets of miR-199a-5p in cultured thyrocytes. Interestingly, GD thyroids, GD plasmas and GO orbital fats showed a downregulation of miR-199a-3p/-5p. Our results also highlighted an activation of STAT-3 signaling in GD thyroids and GO orbital fats, a transcription factor known to negatively regulate miR-199a expression. We identified NOX4/HIF-1α/VEGF-A as critical actors in GD and GO. STAT-3-dependent regulation of miR-199a is proposed as a common driver leading to these events in GD thyroids and GO orbital fats.
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Kang S, Kang J, Shen H, Wu N. Advances in regulatory B cells in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107770. [PMID: 34020391 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells that can downregulate the immune and inflammatory responses. The development of B cells in humans and mice is differs. The Positioning and targeted regulation of Bregs has a positive effect on autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disease. This review introduces the history and origins of Bregs. It summarizes the different phenotypes and functionalities of Breg cells related to AITD and analyzes the reasons for the differences in Breg expression frequencies in Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT). A number of functional defects of regulatory B cells may be the newly discovered cause of AITD. This paper sheds new light on the role and prospects of Bregs in the progression and treatment of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Kang
- Student Affairs Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junning Kang
- Student Affairs Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Sirtuin1 Downregulation Correlates to HIF-1α, GLUT-1, and VEGF-A Upregulation in Th1 Autoimmune Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083806. [PMID: 33916948 PMCID: PMC8067526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), oxidative stress (OS) is driven by Th1 cytokines’ response interfering with the normal function of thyrocytes. OS results from an imbalance between an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lowering of antioxidant production. Moreover, OS has been shown to inhibit Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which is able to prevent hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization. The aims of this study were to determine the involvement of NADPH-oxidases (NOX), SIRT1, and HIF-1α in HT pathophysiology as well as the status of antioxidant proteins such as peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), catalase, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The protein expressions of NOX2, NOX4, antioxidant enzymes, SIRT1, and HIF-1α, as well as glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), were analyzed by Western blot in primary cultures of human thyrocytes that were or were not incubated with Th1 cytokines. The same proteins were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry in thyroid samples from control and HT patients. In human thyrocytes incubated with Th1 cytokines, NOX4 expression was increased whereas antioxidants, such as PRDX1, catalase, and SOD1, were reduced. Th1 cytokines also induced a significant decrease of SIRT1 protein expression associated with an upregulation of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, and VEGF-A proteins. With the exception of PRDX1 and SOD1, similar results were obtained in HT thyroids. OS due to an increase of ROS produced by NOX4 and a loss of antioxidant defenses (PRDX1, catalase, SOD1) correlates to a reduction of SIRT1 and an upregulation of HIF 1α, GLUT-1, and VEGF-A. Our study placed SIRT1 as a key regulator of OS and we, therefore, believe it could be considered as a potential therapeutic target in HT.
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D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Ruggeri RM, Avenoso A, Mandraffino G, Vicchio TM, Campo S, Campo GM. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides modulate inflammatory response, NIS and thyreoglobulin expression in human thyrocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 694:108598. [PMID: 32976824 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, are characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and altered function of the thyroid. During inflammation, it has been reported a decreased expression in Tg and NIS, accompanied by an increase in HA production that accumulates in the gland. HA fragments produced in different pathological states can modulate gene expression in a variety of cell types and may prime inflammatory response by interacting with the TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD44 that, in turn, induce NF-kB activation finally responsible of inflammatory mediator transcription, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential inflammatory effect and the biochemical pathways activated by 6-mer HA oligosaccharides in cultured human thyrocytes. 6-mer HA treatment induced up-regulation of TLR-2, TLR-4, CD44 mRNA and related protein levels, increased HA production and NF-kB activation, that in turn increased IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations. Instead, we found evidence of an opposite effect on thyroid specific-gene Tg and NIS, that were decreased after 6-mer HA addition. Thyrocytes exposition to specific blocking antibodies for TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD44 abolished up-regulation of NF-κB activation and the consequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while restored Tg and NIS levels. A further goal of this study was demonstrate that also other LMW HA have pro inflammatory proprieties. These data suggest that HA fragments, through the involvement of TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD44 signaling cascade, contribute to prime the inflammatory response in thyrocytes and, by reducing the expression of thyroid-specific genes, could promote the loss of function of gland such as in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy University of Messina, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Manuela Vicchio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy University of Messina, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maurizio Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital, via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Ruggeri RM, CampennÌ A, Giuffrida G, Casciaro M, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S, Trimarchi F, CannavÒ S, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress as a key feature of autoimmune thyroiditis: an update. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:326-344. [PMID: 32969631 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the factors concurring in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Reactive oxygen species are the main expression of oxidative stress in biological systems, and their production can overcome antioxidant defenses ultimately leading to cell damage, apoptosis, and death. The present review was aimed at describing the state of the art of the relationships between oxidative stress and autoimmune thyroiditis. The most used biomarkers of oxidative stress and their correlation with thyroid function are reported. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a search of the literature in the English language starting from 2000, using the following search terms: "Hashimoto thyroiditis," "autoimmune thyroiditis," "hypothyroidism," "hyperthyroidism," "oxidative stress," "oxidants," "antioxidant," "advanced glycation end products." Both clinical studies and animal models were evaluated. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Data form clinical studies clearly indicate that the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is shifted towards the oxidative side in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, suggesting that oxidative stress may be a key event in the pathophysiology of the disease, irrespective of thyroid function. Studies in animal models, such as the NOD.H2h4 mouse, confirm that thyroidal accumulation of ROS plays a role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune thyroiditis. CONCLUSIONS Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance represent a key feature of thyroid autoimmunity. Oxidative stress parameters could be used as biochemical markers of chronic inflammation, to better predict the disease evolution along its natural history. Dietary habits and antioxidant supplements may provide protection from autoimmunity, opening new perspectives in the development of more tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gaetano Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - .,Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Alfredo CampennÌ
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gaetano Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria C Barbalace
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore CannavÒ
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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13
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Zhang J, Yan D, He L, Zhang Q, Wen S, Liu P, Zhou H, Peng Y. Expression of Caveolin-1 Is Associated With Thyroid Function in Patients With Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820919330. [PMID: 32313526 PMCID: PMC7160781 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820919330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of caveolin-1 in thyroid
follicular epithelial cells of papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid
cancer, and nonmalignant thyroid nodule benign follicular adenoma, as well
as to explore the relationship between the levels of caveolin-1 and thyroid
function. Methods: Thirty cases of papillary thyroid cancer, 10 cases of follicular thyroid
cancer, 32 cases of nonmalignant thyroid nodule benign follicular adenoma,
and 30 controls were enrolled in this study. Caveolin-1 expression in tissue
specimens obtained from these cases was evaluated by immunohistochemistry
and Western blotting. Results: Caveolin-1 expression in thyroid epithelial cells of patients with papillary
thyroid cancer, particularly female patients, was significantly higher than
that in patients with follicular thyroid cancer and nonmalignant thyroid
nodule benign follicular adenoma (P < .005). Serum
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the caveolin-1-positive
expression group were lower than that in the caveolin-1-negative expression
group, and the lowest expression of caveolin-1 was detected in tissues of
patients with Graves’ disease. The serum TSH level was associated with
caveolin-1 expression in thyroid epithelial cells. Conclusion: Caveolin-1 may participate in regulating thyroid function and is a potential
biomarker of follicular thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Dongxia Yan
- Department of Pathology, Ma'anshan People's Hospital, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Lianping He
- College of Experience Industry, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ma'anshan People's Hospital, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Liu B, Zheng T, Dong L, Mao C, Xu C, Mou X, Luo X, Lu Q, Dong X, Liu J, Kang P, Ding C, Xiao Y, Jiang P. Caveolin-1 Regulates CCL5 and PPARγ Expression in Nthy-ori 3-1 Cells: Possible Involvement of Caveolin-1 and CCL5 in the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:609-618. [PMID: 31789139 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191202115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid parenchyma, which ultimately leads to tissue destruction and loss of function. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an essential structural constituent of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane of cells and is reported to be significantly reduced in thyrocytes from HT patients. However, the mechanism of Cav-1 involvement in HT pathogenesis is still largely unclear. METHODS Cav-1 expression in thyroid tissues from HT patients and euthyroid nodular goiter tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Cav-1 knockdown and overexpression were constructed by lentiviral transfection in the human thyroid follicular epithelial cell (TFC) line of Nthy-ori 3-1. The mRNA expression levels of chemokines in TFCs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Cav-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) levels were analysed by qPCR and Western blot analysis. The migration ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by the Transwell assay. RESULTS In this study, Cav-1 and PPARγ expression was reduced in the thyroid tissues from HT patients. In vitro experiments showed that the expressions of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and migration of PBMCs were markedly increased, while the level of PPARγ was significantly decreased after the lentivirus-mediated knockdown of Cav-1 in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Interestingly, pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, not only upregulated PPARγ and Cav-1 proteins significantly, but also effectively reversed the Cav-1-knockdown-induced upregulation of CCL5 in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells and reduced the infiltration of lymphocytes. CONCLUSION The inhibition of Cav-1 upregulated the CCL5 expression and downregulated the PPARγ expression in TFC while pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reversed the detrimental consequence. This outcome might be a potential target for the treatment of lymphocyte infiltration into the thyroid gland and HT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao Mou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qingyan Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ping Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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15
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Godlewska M, Banga PJ. Thyroid peroxidase as a dual active site enzyme: Focus on biosynthesis, hormonogenesis and thyroid disorders of autoimmunity and cancer. Biochimie 2019; 160:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Du Y, Zhang S, Hao W, Xu W, Yan L, Liu H. Pro-remodeling effect of autoantibody against β 1-adrenoceptor on cardiomyocytes involves T cells dysfunction under the pathological condition of heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:163-170. [PMID: 30678811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibody against β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AA) has been shown to be closely linked to the aggravation of heart failure. Removal of β1-AA remarkably attenuated patients' cardiac dysfunction. We found that β1-AA induced rat heart failure with increased CD4+ T cells. However, whether or not β1-AA interacts with T cells isolated from heart failure patients remains unknown. Twenty-one β1-AA-negative heart failure patients were divided into those taking β-adrenergic blocker and those not. The effects of β1-AA monoclonal antibodies (β1-AAmAb) on T cells proliferation were detected using the CCK-8 assay. IFN-γ and IL-4 production by human T cells were measured by after the administration of β1-AAmAb. The levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy were detected after co-cultured with the supernatant of T cells pre-stimulated by β1-AAmAb. It was found that β1-AAmAb promoted T cell proliferation via the β1-AR/cAMP/PKA pathway in patients who not take β-blocker. β1-AAmAb inhibited the characteristic cytokine secretion of Th1, IFN-γ, but had no significant effect on the Th2 cytokine IL-4. Supernatant resulted from the T cells pre-treated with β1-AAmAb induced cardiomyocytes remodeling, as evidenced by increased levels of cardiomyocytes apoptosis and hypertrophy. We propose that heart failure is likely to be an interference factor for Th-mediated immunity, and the presence of β1-AAmAb may aggravate this effect and deteriorate concomitant inflammatory injury in cardiomyocytes, partially via β1-AR/cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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17
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Lu Q, Luo X, Mao C, Zheng T, Liu B, Dong X, Zhou Y, Xu C, Mou X, Wu F, Bu L, Yuan G. Caveolin-1 regulates autophagy activity in thyroid follicular cells and is involved in Hashimoto's thyroiditis disease. Endocr J 2018; 65:893-901. [PMID: 29877208 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is considered a T helper-type 1 (Th1) cytokine-dominant autoimmune thyroid disease. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a part of the thyroxisome multiprotein complex, is localized at the apical pole of thyrocytes and is indispensable for synthesis of thyroid hormones and modulation of oxidative stress in order to avoid cell damage and apoptosis. Reduced autophagy induces thyroid follicular cells (TFC) apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT patients. Nevertheless, whether Cav-1 has roles in the regulation of autophagy remains largely unclear. In this study, we examined Th1 cytokines and Cav-1 expression in HT thyroid tissues, determined the effects of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on Cav-1 and autophagy activity in TFC, and investigated the association between Cav-1 and autophagy activity in vitro. Our results indicate that higher levels of IL-1β and IFN-γ and lower levels of Cav-1 were expressed in thyroid tissues of HT patients than in those of normal controls. Cav-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in TFC exposed to IL-1β and IFN-γ, accompanied by decreased expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B-II. Interestingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Cav-1 knockdown in TFC reduced LC3B-II protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that lack of Cav-1 expression inhibited autophagy activity in TFC exposed to Th1 cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ), which might be a novel pathogenetic mechanism of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Baocui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xiao Mou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Ling Bu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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18
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Vanderstraeten J, Derradji H, Sonveaux P, Colin IM, Many MC, Gérard AC. Acute iodine deficiency induces a transient VEGF-dependent microvascular response in mammary glands involving HIF-1, ROS, and mTOR. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C544-C557. [PMID: 30020826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00095.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency (ID), which affects almost two billion people worldwide, is associated with breast pathologies such as fibrosis in human and induces breast atypia in animal models. Because ID induces vascular activation in the thyroid, another iodide-uptaking organ, and as breast is also sensitive to ID, we aimed to characterize ID-induced effects on the breast microvasculature in vivo and in two different breast cell lines in vitro. Virgin and lactating NMRI mice received an iodide-deficient diet and a Na+/I- symporter inhibitor for 1 to 20 days. Some virgin mice were treated with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) or VEGF receptor inhibitors. In vitro, ID was induced in MCF7 and MCF12A cells by replacing the iodide-containing medium by an iodide-deficient medium. In vivo, VEGF expression was increased following ID in mammary tissues. Consequently, ID induced a transient increase in mammary gland blood flow, measured after anesthesia, in virgin and lactating mice, which was repressed by VEGF or VEGF receptor inhibitors. In MCF7 cells, ID induced a transient increase in reactive oxygen species, followed by an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and VEGF mRNA expression. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor blocked ID-induced HIF-1α protein increase and VEGF transcription. However, mTOR activity was not inhibited by N-acetylcysteine. Similar responses were observed in MCF12A cells. These data indicate that ID activates the canonical VEGF pathway and mTOR in breast tissues, which provides new insights to better understand the correlation between ID, vascular activation, and breast pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vanderstraeten
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Hanane Derradji
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Ides M Colin
- Service d'Endocrino-Diabétologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional, Mons-Hainaut, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Many
- Pole of Morphology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Gérard
- Service d'Endocrino-Diabétologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional, Mons-Hainaut, Belgium
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19
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Schlüter A, Eckstein AK, Brenzel A, Horstmann M, Lang S, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Banga JP, Diaz-Cano S. Noninflammatory Diffuse Follicular Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia of Graves Disease: Morphometric Evaluation in an Experimental Mouse Model. Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:111-119. [PMID: 30023342 PMCID: PMC6047491 DOI: 10.1159/000488079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental models of Graves hyperthyroid disease accompanied by Graves orbitopathy (GO) can be efficiently induced in susceptible inbred strains of mice by immunization by electroporation of heterologous human TSH receptor (TSHR) A-subunit plasmid. The interrelated pathological findings in the thyroid glands of Graves disease (GD) that explain the core changes classically include diffuse follicular hyperplasia and multifocal mild lymphocytic infiltrate. However, the relative contributions of different thyroid tissue components (colloid, follicular cells, and stroma) have not been previously evaluated. In this study, we characterize the thyroid gland of an experimental mouse model of autoimmune GD. Our objective was to define the relative contribution of the different thyroid tissue components to the pathology of glands in the experimental model. METHODS Mice were immunized with human TSHR A-subunit plasmid. Antibodies induced to human TSHR were pathogenic in vivo due to their cross-reactivity to mouse TSHR. RESULTS Autoimmune thyroid disease in the model was characterized by histopathology of hyperplastic glands with large follicular cells. Further examination of thyroid glands of immunized animals revealed a significantly increased follicular area and follicle/stroma ratio, morphometrically correlated with a noninflammatory follicular hyperplasia/hypertrophy. The increased follicle/stroma ratio was the most relevant morphometrically variable summarizing the pathological changes for screening purposes. CONCLUSION GD thyroid glands are enlarged and characterized by a noninflammatory diffuse follicular cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy and a significant increase in the follicles with an increased follicle/stroma ratio. Overall, this mouse model is a faithful model of an early hyperthyroid status of GD (diffuse glandular involvement and follicular expansion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schlüter
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Dr. med. Anke Schlüter, MD, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, DE-45147 Essen (Germany), E-Mail
| | - Anja K. Eckstein
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brenzel
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mareike Horstmann
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - J. Paul Banga
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Salvador Diaz-Cano
- Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital NHS, London, United Kingdom
- **Dr. Salvador Diaz-Cano, MD, PhD, FRCPath, Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS (UK), E-Mail
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20
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Peng S, Sun X, Wang X, Wang H, Shan Z, Teng W, Li C. Myeloid related proteins are up-regulated in autoimmune thyroid diseases and activate toll-like receptor 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:217-226. [PMID: 29656212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myeloid-related protein (MRP) family plays an important role in the promotion of cell proliferation and the production of inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the expression of MRP6, MRP8 and MRP14 in thyroid tissues, serum, and peripheral blood monocular cells (PBMCs) in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). METHOD The expression of MRP6, MRP8, and MRP14 was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the thyroid glands of 7 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 8 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and 7 healthy controls (HC). The serum levels of MRP8/MRP14 complex and MRP6 were investigated in 30 patients with GD, 36 with HT, and 30 with HC. The mRNA expression of MRP proteins in PBMCs was also explored. PBMCs from each group were incubated with MPRs and their effect on Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) expression and their effect on the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in supernatant were analyzed upon incubating with TLR4 and signaling pathways inhibitors. RESULTS Serum levels of MRP8/MRP14 and MRP6 were up-regulated in patients with AITD. In addition, mRNA expression of MRP proteins in PBMCs and the thyroid gland was markedly elevated in AITD patients. MRP6 and MPR8 promoted the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in cultured PBMCs, and this elevation was more pronounced in AITD patients; we also found that this up-regulation was regulated by TLR4/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The expression of MRP proteins was elevated in AITD patients. Therefore, an MRP-TLR4 dependent signaling may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xuren Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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21
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Lanterna LA, Galliani S, Zangari R, Conti L, Brembilla C, Gritti P, Colleoni ML, Bernucci C. Thyroid Autoantibodies and the Clinical Presentation of Moyamoya Disease: A Prospective Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:1194-1199. [PMID: 29305275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by the progressive occlusion of the intracranial carotid artery. Thyroid autoantibodies have been found to be associated with the disease, but their clinical significance has never been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and the clinical presentation of moyamoya. METHODS This is a prospective study including 37 patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) or unilateral moyamoya (uMM). Thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies (e.g., antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin) were investigated. We studied the effect of gender, age, type of moyamoya (uMM versus MMD), and thyroid autoantibodies on the clinical presentation, dichotomized into aggressive (hemorrhage, major stroke, or frequent transient ischemic attack [TIA]) and nonaggressive presentation (headache, rare TIAs, and incidental diagnosis) according to the criteria of the Research Committee on Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis. RESULTS Of the 37 patients included in the study, the autoantibodies were elevated in 9 (24.3%). An aggressive presentation occurred in 21 patients (hemorrhage in 11, major stroke in 9, frequent TIAs in 1). The autoantibodies were elevated in 8 of the 21 patients (38.09%) with an aggressive presentation and in 1 of those presenting with minor symptoms (6.2%). The presence of elevated autoantibodies was the only variable associated with an aggressive presentation in the multivariate logistic analysis (P = .048). CONCLUSIONS When the serum concentration of the thyroid autoantibodies is increased, the patients have a higher risk of an aggressive presentation. Our results support the hypothesis that activation of immune-mediated processes affects the moyamoya physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi A Lanterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Surgery of the Nervous System, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Silvia Galliani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic disease, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Zangari
- Research Foundation Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo Brembilla
- Department of Neuroscience and Surgery of the Nervous System, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paolo Gritti
- Department of Neuroradiology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Bernucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Surgery of the Nervous System, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Surgery of the Nervous System, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
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22
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Tokić S, Štefanić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Kishore A, Navratilova Z, Petrek M. miR-29a-3p/T-bet Regulatory Circuit Is Altered in T Cells of Patients With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:264. [PMID: 29881372 PMCID: PMC5976757 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune thyroid disorder that frequently evolves from asymptomatic, T-cell mediated chronic inflammation toward overt hypothyroidism. Previously, we have demonstrated a role for T-bet, a T helper 1/CD8+ T cell transcription factor (TF), and FoxP3, a regulatory T cell TF, in disease progression and severity, but the basis behind their altered mRNA expression remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to leverage the role for microRNAs, representing negative transcriptional regulators, across the spectrum of HT clinical presentations using the same, well-characterized RNA sample cohort. METHOD Ten hypothyroid, untreated patients (hypoHT), 10 hypothyroid cases rendered euthyroid by l-thyroxine therapy (substHT), 11 spontaneously euthyroid HT subjects (euHT), and 10 healthy controls (ctrl) were probed for three candidate immunoregulatory miRNA (miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-210-3p) using quantitative real-time PCR measurements. Data were normalized to U6snRNA and fold difference in expression calculated by the efficiency corrected 2-ΔΔCt model. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, peripheral blood (PB) T cells of HT patients exhibited significantly diminished miR-29a-3p expression levels [median expression levels (IQR), HT vs CTRL, 0.62 (0.44-1.01) vs 1.373 (0.63-2.7), P = 0.046], and a similar, but not significant decline in miR-210-3p abundance [HT vs CTRL, 0.64 (0.39-1.31) vs 1.2 (0.5-2.56), P = 0.24, Wilcoxon test]. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the two differentially expressed transcripts, T-bet mRNA and miR-29a-3p. Moreover, altered miR-29a-3p/T-bet expression in T cells of untreated HT patients was related to low serum FT4, high serum thyrotropin, and decreased thyroid volumes. Of note, miR-210-3p expression was positively correlated to HIF1α, and inversely to FoxP3 mRNA levels, but no evidence of differential expression for any of these miRNA-mRNA pairs was observed. Finally, miR-9-5p expression levels were no different in HT vs control comparisons, or related to clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION T cell miR-29a-3p is downregulated in HT patients and associated with clinical and biochemical parameters of progressive thyroid injury, plausibly subsequent to altered control of T-bet expression in PB T cells. As such miR-29a-3p/T-bet axis should be further explored as a biomarker or as a plausible target for therapeutic interventions in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stana Tokić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Stana Tokić,
| | - Mario Štefanić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Amit Kishore
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Navratilova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Petrek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
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Safdari V, Alijani E, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Imbalances in T Cell-Related Transcription Factors Among Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e174-e180. [PMID: 28690889 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.17.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Imbalances in effector T cell functioning have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Differentiation of effector T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) lymphocytes is regulated by transcription factors, including Th1-specific T box (T-bet), GATA binding protein-3 (GATA3), retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-α and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). This study aimed to investigate Th1/Th2, Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg balances at the level of these transcription factors. METHODS This study took place between October 2015 and August 2016. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from a control group of 40 healthy women recruited from the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, and a patient group of 40 women with HT referred to the Hazrat Ali Asghar Hospital, Zahedan. Total ribonucleic acid extraction was performed and the gene expression of transcription factors was quantitated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS Expression of T-bet and GATA3 was significantly elevated, while FOXP3 expression was significantly diminished among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Expression of RORα was higher among HT patients, although this difference was not significant (P = 0.15). Expression of T-bet/FOXP3, GATA3/FOXP3 and RORα/FOXP3 ratios were increased among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P <0.02, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION These results indicate that HT patients have imbalances in Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg lymphocytes at the level of the transcription factors, deviating towards Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Correction of these imbalances may therefore be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Safdari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Werion A, Joris V, Hepp M, Papasokrati L, Marique L, de Ville de Goyet C, Van Regemorter V, Mourad M, Lengelé B, Daumerie C, Marbaix E, Brichard S, Many MC, Craps J. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ Agonist, Upregulates the Expression of Caveolin-1 and Catalase, Essential for Thyroid Cell Homeostasis: A Clue to the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2016; 26:1320-31. [PMID: 27324467 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple target genes involved in several metabolic pathways as well as in inflammation. The expression and cell localization of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), thyroperoxidase (TPO), and dual oxidase (DUOX), involved in extracellular iodination, is modulated by Th1 cytokines in human normal thyroid cells and in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze the PPARγ protein and mRNA expression at the follicular level in HT versus controls in correlation with the one of Cav-1; (ii) to study the effects of Th1 cytokines on PPARγ and catalase expression in human thyrocyte primary cultures; and (iii) to study the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on thyroxisome components (Cav-1, TPO, DUOX) and on catalase, involved in antioxidant defense. RESULTS Although the global expression of PPARγ in the whole gland of patients with HT was not modified compared with controls, there was great heterogeneity among glands and among follicles within the same thyroid. Besides normal (type 1) follicles, there were around inflammatory zones, hyperactive (type 2) follicles with high PPARγ and Cav-1 expression, and inactive (type 3) follicles which were unable to form thyroxine and did not express PPARγ or Cav-1. In human thyrocytes in primary culture, Th1 cytokines decreased PPARγ and catalase expression; pioglitazone increased Cav-1, TPO, and catalase expression. CONCLUSION PPARγ may play a central role in normal thyroid physiology by upregulating Cav-1, essential for the organization of the thyroxisome and extracellular iodination. By upregulating catalase, PPARγ may also contribute to cell homeostasis. The inhibitory effect of Th1 cytokines on PPARγ expression may be considered as a new pathogenetic mechanism for HT, and the use of PPARγ agonists could open a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Werion
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Joris
- 2 de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique, et, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Hepp
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lida Papasokrati
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lancelot Marique
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Michel Mourad
- 3 de Chirurgie, et, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Lengelé
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Daumerie
- 4 Départements d'Endocrinologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- 5 d'Anatomo-pathologie, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Brichard
- 4 Départements d'Endocrinologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
- 6 d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Julie Craps
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
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TNFSF4 Gene Variations Are Related to Early-Onset Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Hypothyroidism of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081369. [PMID: 27556446 PMCID: PMC5000764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine whether the polymorphism loci of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4) gene increase the risk of susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) in the Han Chinese population, and a case-control study was performed in a set of 1,048 AITDs patients and 909 normal healthy controls in the study. A total of four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFSF4 region, including rs7514229, rs1234313, rs16845607 and rs3850641, were genotyped using the method of ligase detection reaction. An association between GG genotype of rs3850641 in TNFSF4 gene and AITDs was found (p = 0.046). Additionally, the clinical sub-phenotype analysis revealed a significant association between GG genotype in rs7514229 and AITDs patients who were ≤18 years of age. Furthermore, rs3850641 variant allele G was in strong association with hypothyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) (p = 0.018). The polymorphisms of the TNFSF4 gene may contribute to the susceptibility to AITDs pathogenesis.
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26
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Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial substrate for thyroid peroxidase, a key enzyme involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. However, as a potent oxidant, H2O2 might also be responsible for the high level of oxidative DNA damage observed in thyroid tissues, such as DNA base lesions and strand breakages, which promote chromosomal instability and contribute to the development of tumours. Although the role of H2O2 in thyroid hormone synthesis is well established, its precise mechanisms of action in pathological processes are still under investigation. The NADPH oxidase/dual oxidase family are the only oxidoreductases whose primary function is to produce reactive oxygen species. As such, the function and expression of these enzymes are tightly regulated. Thyrocytes express dual oxidase 2, which produces most of the H2O2 for thyroid hormone synthesis. Thyrocytes also express dual oxidase 1 and NADPH oxidase 4, but the roles of these enzymes are still unknown. Here, we review the structure, expression, localization and function of these enzymes. We focus on their potential role in thyroid cancer, which is characterized by increased expression of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabii Ameziane-El-Hassani
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Unité de Biologie et de Recherche Médicale, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, BP 1382, Rabat M-10001, Morocco
| | - Martin Schlumberger
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France
- University Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91400, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France
- University Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91400, France
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27
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The Expression of T Cell FOXP3 and T-Bet Is Upregulated in Severe but Not Euthyroid Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3687420. [PMID: 27478306 PMCID: PMC4949338 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3687420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive thyroid failure. Th1 and Treg subset of CD4+ cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis; however, less is known about their respective roles across the spectrum of HT clinical presentations. To shed more light on CD4+ subsets role in HT, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of several Th1/Treg-associated transcription factors (T-bet/ETS1, HIF1α/BLIMP1/FOXP3) in peripheral blood T cells of 10 hypothyroid, untreated HT patients, 10 hypothyroid patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy, 12 euthyroid HT subjects, and 11 healthy controls by the qRT-PCR. Compared to euthyroid HT patients and controls, both hypothyroid (2.34-fold difference versus controls, P < 0.01) and thyroxine-supplemented patients (2.5-fold, P < 0.001) showed an increased FOXP3 mRNA expression in T cells. Similarly, mRNA expression levels of T-bet were upregulated in severely affected but not in euthyroid HT subjects (2.37-fold and 3.2-fold, hypothyroid and thyroxine-supplemented HT patients versus controls, resp., P < 0.01). By contrast, no differences in mRNA expression levels of ETS1, BLIMP1, and HIF1α were observed across the study groups. In summary, severe but not euthyroid HT was associated with robust upregulation of T-bet and FOXP3 mRNA in peripheral T cells, independent of the thyroid hormone status but proportional to disease activity.
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Ruggeri RM, Vicchio TM, Cristani M, Certo R, Caccamo D, Alibrandi A, Giovinazzo S, Saija A, Campennì A, Trimarchi F, Gangemi S. Oxidative Stress and Advanced Glycation End Products in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2016; 26:504-11. [PMID: 26854840 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress, which occurs as a result of an imbalance between free-radical production and antioxidant defense mechanisms, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders, including thyroid diseases. Importantly, it has been correlated to thyroid dysfunction. This study investigated the changes in oxidative balance in euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) by means of specific serum tests, such as derived reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test. In addition, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs)--compounds formed by the transformation of proteins--were evaluated as potential new markers of oxidative stress in this disease. METHODS This study included 134 euthyroid subject: 71 newly diagnosed HT patients (63 females; M age = 38 ± 13 years) and 63 age and sex-matched healthy controls. None of them were on thyroxine therapy. RESULTS Serum d-ROMs were elevated, and BAP decreased in HT patients compared with controls (p < 0.001), and the two parameters were inversely correlated (r = -0.211; p = 0.027), clearly indicating an enhanced oxidative stress. Furthermore, AGE levels were higher in HT patients (M = 223.18 AU/g prot) than in controls (M = 189.636 AU/g prot; p = 0.020) and inversely correlated with BAP levels (r = -0.196; p = 0.037). In uni- and multivariate analysis, serum antithyroperoxidase antibodies were the main predictors for d-ROMs (p = 0.006), BAP (p < 0.001), and AGEs (p = 0.014), irrespective of thyrotropin and/or free thyroxine values. No differences in AOPPs levels were found between patients and controls (p = 0.923). CONCLUSIONS Oxidants are increased and antioxidants decreased in euthyroid HT patients. As a result, the oxidative/antioxidative balance is shifted toward the oxidative side. Moreover, this study reports on a possible significant involvement of AGEs in HT, thus contributing to a better definition of the redox homoeostasis dysregulation in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa M Vicchio
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- 2 Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Certo
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- 4 Department of Economics, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovinazzo
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Saija
- 2 Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Trimarchi
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
- 5 Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- 6 School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
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Song RH, Qin Q, Wang X, Yan N, Meng S, Shi XH, He ST, Zhang JA. Differential cytokine expression detected by protein microarray screening in peripheral blood of patients with refractory Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:402-7. [PMID: 25817259 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognosis of Graves' disease (GD) varies among patients. However, the immune pathogenesis of refractory GD is still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the cytokine expression profile associated with refractory GD. METHODS Preliminary cytokine protein microarray screening was performed to detect differentially expressed cytokines in the plasma of four patients with refractory GD and four patients with stable GD. Some differentially expressed cytokines were then validated in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on another independent set of samples. RESULTS We found that 21 cytokines were differentially expressed between patients with intractable GD and those in remission, including 18 upregulated and 3 downregulated cytokines with a fold change >1·30 and <0·77, respectively. Intractability-related elevation of three cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) was validated by ELISA in plasma on another GD cohort with 30 patients in recurrence and 14 in remission (t-test, P = 0·035, 0·033 and 0·041, respectively). Furthermore, mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in PBMCs, detected by qRT-PCR, was significantly elevated in patients with refractory GD compared with those in remission (P = 0·039, 0·047 and 0·042, respectively). CONCLUSION The severity of GD is associated with the aberrant expression and secretion of several cytokines that may serve as potential biomarkers and predictors for disease prognosis. Targeting these cytokines or their receptors may also lead to a novel therapeutic intervention for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-hua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-hong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Peng H, Liu Y, Tian J, Ma J, Tang X, Rui K, Tian X, Mao C, Lu L, Xu H, Jiang P, Wang S. The Long Noncoding RNA IFNG-AS1 Promotes T Helper Type 1 Cells Response in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17702. [PMID: 26634912 PMCID: PMC4669486 DOI: 10.1038/srep17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding (lnc) RNA-Ifng-AS1 plays an essential role in the transcription of the gene encoding IFN-γ by Th1 cells, and its human ortholog, IFNG-AS1, is expressed in human Th1 cells. However, IFNG-AS1 contributing to Th1 cells’ response in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) patients has not been reported. Twenty-eight HT patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The proportion of circulating Th1 cells and the level of T-bet, IFNG mRNA were increased in HT patients, the expression of IFNG-AS1 was upregulated and positively correlated with the proportion of circulating Th1 cells or T-bet, and IFNG expression, or serum level of anti-thyroglobulin antibody/thyroperoxidase antibody in HT patients. IFNG-AS1 regulated the expression of IFNG at both transcriptional and translational level in human CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, strong positive correlations between the increased transcript level of IFNG-AS1 and the increased transcript level of T-bet or IFNG were revealed in thyroid tissues from HT patients. Our results indicate that enhanced expression of lncRNA-IFNG-AS1 contributes to Th1 cell response in HT patients and may be involved in the pathogenesis of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yingzhao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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31
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Marique L, Senou M, Craps J, Delaigle A, Van Regemorter E, Wérion A, Van Regemorter V, Mourad M, Nyssen-Behets C, Lengelé B, Baldeschi L, Boschi A, Brichard S, Daumerie C, Many MC. Oxidative Stress and Upregulation of Antioxidant Proteins, Including Adiponectin, in Extraocular Muscular Cells, Orbital Adipocytes, and Thyrocytes in Graves' Disease Associated with Orbitopathy. Thyroid 2015; 25:1033-42. [PMID: 26176182 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation associated with Graves' disease (GD). It is characterized by reduced eye motility due to an increased volume of orbital fat and/or of extraocular muscles (EOMs) infiltrated by fibrosis and adipose tissue. The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to fibrosis and adipogenesis are mainly based on the interaction between orbital fibroblasts and immune cells (lymphocytes and mast cells) infiltrating the GO EOMs. METHODS Analysis of the morphological status, oxidative stress (OS), and antioxidant defenses in the orbital muscular cells and adipocytes in GO patients compared with controls was conducted. RESULTS Both cell types are affected by OS, as shown by the increased expression of 4-hydroxynonenal, which leads to apoptosis in muscular cells. However, the EOMs and the adipocytes possess antioxidant defenses (peroxiredoxin 5 and catalase) against the OS, which are also upregulated in thyrocytes in GD. The expression of adiponectin (ApN) and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is also increased in GO muscular cells and adipocytes. OS and antioxidant proteins expression are correlated to the level of blood antithyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHR-Ab). CONCLUSION Even when TSHR-Ab level is normalized, OS and antioxidant protein expression is high in EOM muscular cells and adipocytes in GO compared with controls. This justifies a supplementation with antioxidants in active as well as chronic GO patients. Orbital muscular cells are also the sources of PPARγ and ApN, which have direct or indirect local protective effects against OS. Modulation of these proteins could be considered as a future therapeutic approach for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancelot Marique
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maximin Senou
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Craps
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Delaigle
- 2 Pôles d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, et Nutrition, Institut de recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alexis Wérion
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Mourad
- 3 Département de Chirurgie Endocrinienne et de Trasplantation rénale, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Benoit Lengelé
- 1 Pôles de Morphologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lelio Baldeschi
- 4 Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Boschi
- 4 Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Brichard
- 2 Pôles d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, et Nutrition, Institut de recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
- 5 Département d'Endocrinologie, Secteur des Sciences de la santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Médecine Dentaire, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Daumerie
- 5 Département d'Endocrinologie, Secteur des Sciences de la santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Médecine Dentaire, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is part of a spectrum of thyroid autoimmune conditions and this review provides an update on the latest developments in the field. HT has a genetic predisposition with a number of immune-related and thyroid-specific genes conferring disease susceptibility. However, disentangling genes with protective and predisposing effect is a complex process that requires further work. The recent increase in the incidence of HT implicates environmental factors in disease pathogenesis including improved hygiene, increased dietary iodine intake, new treatment modalities and chemical agents. Additional unmodifiable predisposing factors include stress, climate, age and gender. Both cellular and humoral immunity play a role in HT pathogenesis. Defects in T regulatory cells and increased activation of follicular helper T cells may have a role in disease initiation/perpetuation. Infiltrating lymphocytes can be directly cytotoxic to thyroid follicular cells (TFC) or may affect cell viability/function indirectly through cytokine production, which alters TFC integrity and modulates their metabolic and immune function. Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies are present in the majority of HT patients and help with management decisions. Antibodies against the sodium iodide symporter and pendrin are present in a minority with little known about their clinical relevance. In addition to immune cells, recent work has identified DNA fragments, generated following cell death, and micro RNA as potential factors in HT pathogenesis. Despite the large number of studies, the mechanistic pathways in HT are still not fully understood and further work is required to enhance our knowledge and identify novel preventative and therapeutic clinical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ajjan
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A P Weetman
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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33
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Rapoport B, McLachlan SM. Graves' hyperthyroidism is antibody-mediated but is predominantly a Th1-type cytokine disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:4060-1. [PMID: 25210884 PMCID: PMC4223433 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, and University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048
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