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Zhang Y, Barupal DK, Fan S, Gao B, Zhu C, Flenniken AM, McKerlie C, Nutter LMJ, Lloyd KCK, Fiehn O. Sexual Dimorphism of the Mouse Plasma Metabolome Is Associated with Phenotypes of 30 Gene Knockout Lines. Metabolites 2023; 13:947. [PMID: 37623890 PMCID: PMC10456929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although metabolic alterations are observed in many monogenic and complex genetic disorders, the impact of most mammalian genes on cellular metabolism remains unknown. Understanding the effect of mouse gene dysfunction on metabolism can inform the functions of their human orthologues. We investigated the effect of loss-of-function mutations in 30 unique gene knockout (KO) lines on plasma metabolites, including genes coding for structural proteins (11 of 30), metabolic pathway enzymes (12 of 30) and protein kinases (7 of 30). Steroids, bile acids, oxylipins, primary metabolites, biogenic amines and complex lipids were analyzed with dedicated mass spectrometry platforms, yielding 827 identified metabolites in male and female KO mice and wildtype (WT) controls. Twenty-two percent of 23,698 KO versus WT comparison tests showed significant genotype effects on plasma metabolites. Fifty-six percent of identified metabolites were significantly different between the sexes in WT mice. Many of these metabolites were also found to have sexually dimorphic changes in KO lines. We used plasma metabolites to complement phenotype information exemplified for Dhfr, Idh1, Mfap4, Nek2, Npc2, Phyh and Sra1. The association of plasma metabolites with IMPC phenotypes showed dramatic sexual dimorphism in wildtype mice. We demonstrate how to link metabolomics to genotypes and (disease) phenotypes. Sex must be considered as critical factor in the biological interpretation of gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Sili Fan
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Medicine & Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Ann M. Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lauryl M. J. Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; (A.M.F.); (C.M.); (L.M.J.N.)
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Xia L, Yang Z, Ning M. LC-MS/MS quantification of progesterone in ovariectomized miniature swine and its application for preliminary pharmacokinetic study of a novel vaginal sustained release system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:51-60. [PMID: 33183077 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1851243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We here established a simple, fast, robust and sensitive LC-MS/MS method and validated as well for the quantitative analysis of progesterone (PGT) in ovariectomized (OVX) miniature swine plasma. The method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics of a progesterone vaginal drug delivery system. METHODS Megestrol acetate was utilized as an internal standard (IS). The separation and detection of PGT from endogenous interference was performed successfully by liquid chromatography with gradient elution and mass spectrometry equipped with positive ESI source using MRM mode. The EVA intravaginal rings (IVRs) were manufactured by hot-melt extrusion (HME), afterward were administrated vaginally to OVX minipigs to evaluate PK study. RESULTS The calibration curve for swine plasma samples across the concentration ranged between 0.25 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-assay accuracy and precision were lower than ±5% and 5.88%, respectively. Recoveries of PGT and IS were ranging from 114-119% and 96.5-112%, respectively. In vitro study showed that the EVA IVRs release 18 mg/day of PGT continuously over 7 days, and corresponding mean PGT plasma concentration in OVX minipigs (CAVG) was 4.892 ng/mL. CONCLUSION All the study produced reliable results for the measurement of PGT concentration in miniature swine plasma and the method was successfully applied to a PK study for PGT vaginal ring in miniature pigs, which may lay the foundation for further research on the progesterone preparations intended for in assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Xia
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Zixia Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Ning
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
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Progesterone, 5a-dihydropogesterone and allopregnanolone's effects on seizures: A review of animal and clinical studies. Seizure 2018; 63:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Wilde
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Royal Infirmary, Doncaster
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Venkatesa Perumal S, Umapathi V, Ambwani T, Lakhchaura BD. A competitive dipstick enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of early pregnancy in bovine. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:744-6. [PMID: 18507798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy diagnosis in bovines is one of the important aspects in efficient dairy farm management. In order to develop a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) employing low cost reagents, anti-progesterone antiserum and progesterone-penicillinase enzyme conjugate were prepared. Using this anti-serum and conjugate along with pencillinV-starch-iodine substrate system, the competitive EIA was standardized. In the experiment, danazol, a weak androgen used to extract the progesterone bound to proteins in milk, was included after standardizing the optimum concentration. Incubation period and temperature and pH of the reaction mixture were also optimized. The developed test was validated with milk samples obtained from dairy farm and individual animal owners. Confirmation of the pregnancy was made by per rectum examination of the genital tract around 60 days post-insemination. The user friendly test procedure showed sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 87.5%, respectively as compared with residual binding method which was earlier developed in the laboratory with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 87.5% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesa Perumal
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Animal Biotechnology Centre, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate into testosterone, androstenediol, dehydroepiandrosterone and progestogens by ram testis following human chorionic gonadotropin administration. Theriogenology 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(80)90055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wehner R, Handke A. Simple and rapid method for the determination of progesterone in rat plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A 1979; 177:237-44. [PMID: 528638 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)96319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for estimating progesterone in rat plasma using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with electron-capture detection is described. By means of a column chromatographic technique for the extraction of progesterone from plasma, it is possible to isolate the steroid in such a specific way that, contrary to previously published methods, no additional chromatographic purification and separation steps are needed prior to the final GLC analysis. As a derivative for electron-capture detection we used the 3,20-di-O-pentafluorobenzyloxime of progesterone. This derivative is superior to those used hitherto with regard to sensitivity and stability. The high overall recovery (mean value, 89.4%) makes this method especially convenient for research work when only little plasma is available, or when the concentration of progesterone is very low.
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Lebel M, Grose JH. A rapid and precise method for measurement of physiological variations of human plasma progesterone. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 9:989-93. [PMID: 745400 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(78)90063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The clinical course of a 26-year-old primigravid woman with a virilizing luteoma of pregnancy is described. It was demonstrated by endocrine studies that the tumor secreted an excessive amount of testosterone. After removal of the luteoma in week 32 of pregnancy, the virilizing symptoms of the mother completely regressed. A normal male infant was delivered in week 39. From 100 luteomas of pregnancy described in the literature, 26 cases have been cited to elicit endocrine virilizing activity. An evaluative synopsis indicates that including the case described in this paper only 13 can be regarded as a clinical, morphologic, and functional entity. This entity should be differentiated from the inhomogeneous group of luteomas as the "androluteoma syndrome of pregnancy." It is characterized by the following major criteria: virilization, beginning with the second trimester of pregnancy; histologic criteria of a luteoma of pregnancy; production of testosterone, leading to excessive plasma levels (exceeding the concentration of androstenedione), and masculinization of female fetuses.
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Clifford JM. Drug disposition and effect in sub-human primates used in pharmacology. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 57:1-15. [PMID: 17504 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(77)90070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Highfill DR, Mead RA. Sources and levels of progesterone during pregnancy in the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1975; 27:389-400. [PMID: 1222903 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(75)90206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tea NT, Castanier M, Roger M, Scholler R. Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of plasma progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone normal values in children, in men and in women throughout the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 6:1509-16. [PMID: 1052856 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(75)90206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fehér T, Fehér KG, Bodrogi L. A simple gas-liquid chromatographic method with electron capture detection for the determination of progesterone in the blood of humans and domestic animals. J Chromatogr A 1975; 111:125-32. [PMID: 1158996 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)80153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple routine method is reported for the determination of progesterone in blood by gas-liquid chromatography. An unlabelled internal standard, testosterone acetate, was added to plasma samples. Following preliminary purification by thin-layer chromatography, progesterone in pregnancy plasma was evaluated as the free steroid with a flame ionization detector. The hormone in the plasma of women during the menstrual cycle and of cycling domestic animals was determined as the 3-enol ester heptafluorobutyrate by electron capture detection. The validity of testosterone acetate as an internal standard was proved by simultaneous processing of [7alpha-3H]progesterone and a [4-14C]testosterone acetate and the determination of the isotope ratio in samples. The results of control experiments and normal values are also presented.
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Tillson SA, Marian M, Hudson R, Wong P, Pharriss B, Aznar R, Martinez-Manautou J. The effect of intrauterine progesterone on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis in humans. Contraception 1975; 11:179-92. [PMID: 1112087 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(75)90029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bäckström T, Carstensen H. Estrogen and progesterone in plasma in relation to premenstrual tension. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 5:257-60. [PMID: 4859320 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(74)90139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Askalani H, Smuk M, Sugar J, Delvoye P, Robyn C, Schwers J. Serum progesterone in nonpregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(74)90682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Egg D. [Determination of progesterone in plasma by thin-layer densitometry (author's transl)]. J Chromatogr A 1973; 86:151-7. [PMID: 4765305 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Van Houtte I, Iglesias R, Irusta O, Wassermann GF. Steroid biosynthesis by transplantable gonadal tumors of rat. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 4:503-8. [PMID: 4361124 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(73)90065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chan SW, Ziegel S, Callard IP. Plasma progesterone in snakes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1973; 44:631-7. [PMID: 4145773 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(73)90514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pulsinelli WP, Tcholakian RK, Eik-Nes KB. Method for the determination of pregnenolone in biological samples using gas-phase chromatography. Anal Biochem 1972; 49:559-68. [PMID: 4673351 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Rajkowski KM, Broadhead GD. The monochloroacetylation of oestrogens prior to gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 1972; 69:373-6. [PMID: 5039943 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)92911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Swain MC. The assay of plasma progesterone in women by a simple competitive protein binding method using guinea-pig serum. Clin Chim Acta 1972; 39:455-61. [PMID: 5043780 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(72)90066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Thorneycroft IH, Stone SC. Radioimmunoassay of serum progesterone in women receiving oral contraceptive steroids. Contraception 1972; 5:129-46. [PMID: 4675451 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(72)90024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Pizarro M. A modified procedure for the measurement of plasma progesterone by reliance on protein binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(71)90020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van der Molen HJ, Eik-Nes KB. Biosynthesis and secretion of steroids by the canine testis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 248:343-62. [PMID: 4331788 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(71)90023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Klopper AI. An evaluation of the contribution of GLC techniques for the estimation of progesterone and pregnane steroids. Clin Chim Acta 1971; 34:215-21. [PMID: 5113559 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(71)90174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Some aspects of steroid analysis in the clinical chemistry laboratory with special reference to the role of gas-liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(71)90170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Luisi M, Levanti S, Franchi F. The description and evaluation of a competitive protein-binding radioassay of plasma progesterone in pregnancy. Fertil Steril 1971; 22:435-45. [PMID: 5556749 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)38343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Effect of Daily Administration of 0.5Mg. of Chlormadinone Acetate on Plasma Levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Progesterone During the Menstrual Cycle**Supported by Grant 67-455 from The Ford Foundation, Grant M70.13.C from The Population Council, Grant RF-67032 from The Rockefeller Foundation, and a grant from The Josiah Macy Foundation. Presented in part at the 26th Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Society, Washington, D.C., March 18–21, 1970. Fertil Steril 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)38227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Oakey RE. The progressive increase in estrogen production in human pregnancy: an appraisal of the factors responsible. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1971; 28:1-36. [PMID: 4334956 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Edqvist LE, Ekman L, Gustafsson B, Aström G. Progesterone levels in the bovine peripheral plasma measured by the competitive protein binding technique. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 1970; 17:899-908. [PMID: 4994262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1970.tb00783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Adler NT, Resko JA, Goy RW. The effect of copulatory behavior on hormonal change in the female rat prior to implantation. Physiol Behav 1970; 5:1003-7. [PMID: 5522514 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(70)90155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Csapo AI, Knobil E, Pulkkinen M, Van Der Molen HJ, Sommerville IF, Wiest WG. Progesterone withdrawal during hypertonic saline-induced abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 105:1132-4. [PMID: 5352593 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(69)90138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gillim SW, Christensen AK, McLennan CE. Fine structure of the human menstrual corpus luteum at its stage of maximum secretory activity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1969; 126:409-27. [PMID: 5369108 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001260403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Devenuto F, Ligon DF, Friedrichsen DH, Wilson HL. Human erythrocyte membrane. Uptake of progesterone and chemical alterations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 193:36-47. [PMID: 5349618 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(69)90056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kirschner MA, Taylor JP. New derivatives for electron capture--gas chromatography of steroids: a simplified procedure for measuring plasma testosterone. Anal Biochem 1969; 30:346-57. [PMID: 5821299 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(69)90127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hagerman DD, Williams KL. Comparison of a protein binding displacement method with a double isotope derivative method for determination of plasma progesterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 104:114-22. [PMID: 4888014 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)34149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
In the ovariectomized rat, the adrenal gland secretes progesterone. Adrenocorticotropin treatment elevates concentrations of this steroid in plasma, and inhibitors of adrenocorticotropin or progesterone biosynthesis lower the concentration. Adrenocorticotropin controls progesterone secretion by the adrenal but not by the ovary. Adrenal progesterone and its mode of control may have important influences on reproductive processes.
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Bush IE. Determination of estrogens, androgens, progesterone, and related steroids in human plasma and urine. Adv Clin Chem 1969; 12:57-139. [PMID: 5373130 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Buchholz R. [The central stimuli for follicular ripening and ovulation]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1969; 207:107-23. [PMID: 4895931 DOI: 10.1007/bf00683046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pocklington T, Jeffery J. 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid: NAD oxidoreductase activity in crystalline preparations of 20 beta-hydroxysteroid: NAD oxidoreductase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1968; 7:63-7. [PMID: 4303403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb19574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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