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Andersen J, Jeffrey B, Varikatt W, Rodriguez M, Lin MW, Brown DA. IgLON5-IgG: Innocent Bystander or Perpetrator? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7956. [PMID: 39063198 PMCID: PMC11276813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-IgLON5 (IgLON5-IgG)-associated disease is a newly defined clinical entity. This literature review aims to evaluate its pathogenesis, which remains a pivotal question. Features that favour a primary neurodegenerative mechanism include the non-inflammatory tauopathy neuropathological signature and overrepresentation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1/H1 genotype as seen in other sporadic tauopathies. In contrast, the cell-surface localisation of IgLON5, capability of anti-IgLON5 antibodies to exert direct in vitro pathogenicity and disrupt IgLON5 interactions with its binding partners, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*10:01 and HLA-DQB1*05:01 allele preponderance with high affinity binding of IgLON5 peptides, and responsiveness to immunotherapy favour a primary autoimmune process. The presentation and course of anti-IgLON5-associated disease is heterogenous; hence, we hypothesise that a multitude of immune mechanisms are likely simultaneously operational in this disease cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Andersen
- Department of Immunology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (B.J.); (M.-W.L.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (W.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Bronte Jeffrey
- Department of Immunology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (B.J.); (M.-W.L.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Winny Varikatt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (W.V.); (M.R.)
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (W.V.); (M.R.)
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Immunology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (B.J.); (M.-W.L.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (W.V.); (M.R.)
| | - David A. Brown
- Department of Immunology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (B.J.); (M.-W.L.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (W.V.); (M.R.)
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Manzoni C, Kia DA, Ferrari R, Leonenko G, Costa B, Saba V, Jabbari E, Tan MM, Albani D, Alvarez V, Alvarez I, Andreassen OA, Angiolillo A, Arighi A, Baker M, Benussi L, Bessi V, Binetti G, Blackburn DJ, Boada M, Boeve BF, Borrego-Ecija S, Borroni B, Bråthen G, Brooks WS, Bruni AC, Caroppo P, Bandres-Ciga S, Clarimon J, Colao R, Cruchaga C, Danek A, de Boer SC, de Rojas I, di Costanzo A, Dickson DW, Diehl-Schmid J, Dobson-Stone C, Dols-Icardo O, Donizetti A, Dopper E, Durante E, Ferrari C, Forloni G, Frangipane F, Fratiglioni L, Kramberger MG, Galimberti D, Gallucci M, García-González P, Ghidoni R, Giaccone G, Graff C, Graff-Radford NR, Grafman J, Halliday GM, Hernandez DG, Hjermind LE, Hodges JR, Holloway G, Huey ED, Illán-Gala I, Josephs KA, Knopman DS, Kristiansen M, Kwok JB, Leber I, Leonard HL, Libri I, Lleo A, Mackenzie IR, Madhan GK, Maletta R, Marquié M, Maver A, Menendez-Gonzalez M, Milan G, Miller BL, Morris CM, Morris HR, Nacmias B, Newton J, Nielsen JE, Nilsson C, Novelli V, Padovani A, Pal S, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Perneczky R, Peterlin B, Petersen RC, Piguet O, Pijnenburg YA, Puca AA, Rademakers R, Rainero I, Reus LM, Richardson AM, Riemenschneider M, Rogaeva E, Rogelj B, Rollinson S, Rosen H, Rossi G, Rowe JB, Rubino E, Ruiz A, Salvi E, Sanchez-Valle R, Sando SB, Santillo AF, Saxon JA, Schlachetzki JC, Scholz SW, Seelaar H, Seeley WW, Serpente M, Sorbi S, Sordon S, St George-Hyslop P, Thompson JC, Van Broeckhoven C, Van Deerlin VM, Van der Lee SJ, Van Swieten J, Tagliavini F, van der Zee J, Veronesi A, Vitale E, Waldo ML, Yokoyama JS, Nalls MA, Momeni P, Singleton AB, Hardy J, Escott-Price V. Genome-wide analyses reveal a potential role for the MAPT, MOBP, and APOE loci in sporadic frontotemporal dementia. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1316-1329. [PMID: 38889728 PMCID: PMC11267522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of early-onset dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). Efforts in the field mainly focus on familial forms of disease (fFTDs), while studies of the genetic etiology of sporadic FTD (sFTD) have been less common. In the current work, we analyzed 4,685 sFTD cases and 15,308 controls looking for common genetic determinants for sFTD. We found a cluster of variants at the MAPT (rs199443; p = 2.5 × 10-12, OR = 1.27) and APOE (rs6857; p = 1.31 × 10-12, OR = 1.27) loci and a candidate locus on chromosome 3 (rs1009966; p = 2.41 × 10-8, OR = 1.16) in the intergenic region between RPSA and MOBP, contributing to increased risk for sFTD through effects on expression and/or splicing in brain cortex of functionally relevant in-cis genes at the MAPT and RPSA-MOBP loci. The association with the MAPT (H1c clade) and RPSA-MOBP loci may suggest common genetic pleiotropy across FTD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (MAPT and RPSA-MOBP loci) and across FTD, AD, Parkinson disease (PD), and cortico-basal degeneration (CBD) (MAPT locus). Our data also suggest population specificity of the risk signals, with MAPT and APOE loci associations mainly driven by Central/Nordic and Mediterranean Europeans, respectively. This study lays the foundations for future work aimed at further characterizing population-specific features of potential FTD-discriminant APOE haplotype(s) and the functional involvement and contribution of the MAPT H1c haplotype and RPSA-MOBP loci to pathogenesis of sporadic forms of FTD in brain cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demis A Kia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Beatrice Costa
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Valentina Saba
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edwin Jabbari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Manuela Mx Tan
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diego Albani
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matt Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC-Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sergi Borrego-Ecija
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - William S Brooks
- Neuroscience Research Australia, and Randwick Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik, LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Sterre Cm de Boer
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Wasserburg, Germany
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elise Dopper
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Durante
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Service, Local Health Authority n.2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milica G Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Medical faculty, Ljubljana University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallucci
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Local Health Authority n.2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit for hereditary dementia, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lena E Hjermind
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Lab, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy Holloway
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edward D Huey
- Bio Med Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Kristiansen
- UCL Genomics, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, UK
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabelle Leber
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA; DZNE Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilenia Libri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gaganjit K Madhan
- UCL Genomics, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, UK
| | | | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ales Maver
- Clinical institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
| | - Manuel Menendez-Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Medicine Department, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Newcastle University, Edwardson Building, Nuns Moor Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Judith Newton
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Lab, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florence Pasquier
- University of Lille, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Lille, France; Inserm, Labex DISTALZ, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
| | | | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yolande Al Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy; Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA; VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, A.O.UCittà della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lianne M Reus
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Mt Richardson
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Howard Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, A.O.UCittà della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Salvi
- Unit of Neuroalgologia (III), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Data science center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sigrid Botne Sando
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander F Santillo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer A Saxon
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johannes Cm Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Serpente
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sordon
- Department of Psychiatry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer C Thompson
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sven J Van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Van Swieten
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arianna Veronesi
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Service, Local Health Authority n.2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Emilia Vitale
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy; School of Integrative Science and Technology Department of Biology Kean University, Union, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Landqvist Waldo
- Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Andrew B Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Del Giudice KP, Cosgaya M, Zaro I, Ravasi V, Santacruz P, Painous C, Fernández M, Cámara A, Compta Y. Anti-alpha synuclein and anti-tau immunotherapies: Can a cocktail approach work? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 122:106080. [PMID: 38508903 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The hypothesis that neurodegenerative diseases are proteinopathies due to toxic effect of different underlying proteins, such as amyloid-beta and 3+4R-tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD), while still controversial is supported by several studies in the literature. This has led to conduct clinical trials attempting to reduce the load of these allegedly toxic proteins by immunotherapy, mostly but not solely based on antibodies against these proteins. Already completed clinical trials have ranged from initially negative results to recently partial positive outcomes, specifically for anti-amyloid antibodies in AD but also albeit to lesser degree for anti-synuclein antibodies in PD. Currently, there are several ongoing clinical trials in degenerative parkinsonisms with anti-synuclein approaches in PD and multiple system atrophy (MSA), as well as with anti-tau antibodies in 4R-tauopathies such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). While it can be argued that expectations that part of these clinical trials will be positive can be hope or hype, it is reasonable to consider the future possibility of "cocktail" combination of different antibodies after the available experimental evidence of cross-talk between these proteins and neuropathological evidence of coexistence of these proteinopathies more frequently than expected by chance. Moreover, such "cocktail" approaches are widespread and accepted common practice in other fields such as oncology, and the complexity of neurodegenerative parkinsonisms makes reasonable the option for testing and eventually applying such combined approaches, should these prove useful separately, in the setting of patients with evidence of underlying concomitant proteinopathies, for example through biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsys Patricia Del Giudice
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Cosgaya
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Idoia Zaro
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valeria Ravasi
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Santacruz
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Celia Painous
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Cámara
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic I Universitari de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IDIBAPS, CIBERNED (CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), ERN- RND, UBNeuro, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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4
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Nicolas G. Association of Pick's disease with the MAPT H2 haplotype. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:451-453. [PMID: 38631754 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France.
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Valentino RR, Scotton WJ, Roemer SF, Lashley T, Heckman MG, Shoai M, Martinez-Carrasco A, Tamvaka N, Walton RL, Baker MC, Macpherson HL, Real R, Soto-Beasley AI, Mok K, Revesz T, Christopher EA, DeTure M, Seeley WW, Lee EB, Frosch MP, Molina-Porcel L, Gefen T, Redding-Ochoa J, Ghetti B, Robinson AC, Kobylecki C, Rowe JB, Beach TG, Teich AF, Keith JL, Bodi I, Halliday GM, Gearing M, Arzberger T, Morris CM, White CL, Mechawar N, Boluda S, MacKenzie IR, McLean C, Cykowski MD, Wang SHJ, Graff C, Nagra RM, Kovacs GG, Giaccone G, Neumann M, Ang LC, Carvalho A, Morris HR, Rademakers R, Hardy JA, Dickson DW, Rohrer JD, Ross OA. MAPT H2 haplotype and risk of Pick's disease in the Pick's disease International Consortium: a genetic association study. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:487-499. [PMID: 38631765 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pick's disease is a rare and predominantly sporadic form of frontotemporal dementia that is classified as a primary tauopathy. Pick's disease is pathologically defined by the presence in the frontal and temporal lobes of Pick bodies, composed of hyperphosphorylated, three-repeat tau protein, encoded by the MAPT gene. MAPT has two distinct haplotypes, H1 and H2; the MAPT H1 haplotype is the major genetic risk factor for four-repeat tauopathies (eg, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration), and the MAPT H2 haplotype is protective for these disorders. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MAPT H2 with Pick's disease risk, age at onset, and disease duration. METHODS In this genetic association study, we used data from the Pick's disease International Consortium, which we established to enable collection of data from individuals with pathologically confirmed Pick's disease worldwide. For this analysis, we collected brain samples from individuals with pathologically confirmed Pick's disease from 35 sites (brainbanks and hospitals) in North America, Europe, and Australia between Jan 1, 2020, and Jan 31, 2023. Neurologically healthy controls were recruited from the Mayo Clinic (FL, USA, or MN, USA between March 1, 1998, and Sept 1, 2019). For the primary analysis, individuals were directly genotyped for the MAPT H1-H2 haplotype-defining variant rs8070723. In a secondary analysis, we genotyped and constructed the six-variant-defined (rs1467967-rs242557-rs3785883-rs2471738-rs8070723-rs7521) MAPT H1 subhaplotypes. Associations of MAPT variants and MAPT haplotypes with Pick's disease risk, age at onset, and disease duration were examined using logistic and linear regression models; odds ratios (ORs) and β coefficients were estimated and correspond to each additional minor allele or each additional copy of the given haplotype. FINDINGS We obtained brain samples from 338 people with pathologically confirmed Pick's disease (205 [61%] male and 133 [39%] female; 338 [100%] White) and 1312 neurologically healthy controls (611 [47%] male and 701 [53%] female; 1312 [100%] White). The MAPT H2 haplotype was associated with increased risk of Pick's disease compared with the H1 haplotype (OR 1·35 [95% CI 1·12 to 1·64], p=0·0021). MAPT H2 was not associated with age at onset (β -0·54 [95% CI -1·94 to 0·87], p=0·45) or disease duration (β 0·05 [-0·06 to 0·16], p=0·35). Although not significant after correcting for multiple testing, associations were observed at p less than 0·05: with risk of Pick's disease for the H1f subhaplotype (OR 0·11 [0·01 to 0·99], p=0·049); with age at onset for H1b (β 2·66 [0·63 to 4·70], p=0·011), H1i (β -3·66 [-6·83 to -0·48], p=0·025), and H1u (β -5·25 [-10·42 to -0·07], p=0·048); and with disease duration for H1x (β -0·57 [-1·07 to -0·07], p=0·026). INTERPRETATION The Pick's disease International Consortium provides an opportunity to do large studies to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of Pick's disease. This study shows that, in contrast to the decreased risk of four-repeat tauopathies, the MAPT H2 haplotype is associated with an increased risk of Pick's disease in people of European ancestry. This finding could inform development of isoform-related therapeutics for tauopathies. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, Rotha Abraham Trust, Brain Research UK, the Dolby Fund, Dementia Research Institute (Medical Research Council), US National Institutes of Health, and the Mayo Clinic Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Scotton
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Shanu F Roemer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
| | - Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
| | - Nicole Tamvaka
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hannah L Macpherson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
| | | | - Kin Mok
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
| | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Neuropathology Service, C S Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Clinical Research Foundation-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Cambridge University Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia L Keith
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Clinical Neuropathology Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- University of Sydney Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Center Brain Bank, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charles L White
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susana Boluda
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Escourolle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Alzheimer Prion Team, L'Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
| | - Ian R MacKenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology Alfred Heath, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Brain Bank, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience of Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shih-Hsiu J Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rashed M Nagra
- Human Brain and Spinal Fluid Resource Center, Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lee-Cyn Ang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Universiteit Antwerpen, Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Sugiyama M, Kosik KS, Panagiotou E. Mathematical topology and geometry-based classification of tauopathies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7560. [PMID: 38555402 PMCID: PMC10981734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's, are associated with the presence of neurofibrillary lesions formed by tau protein filaments in the cerebral cortex. While it is known that different morphologies of tau filaments characterize different neurodegenerative diseases, there are few metrics of global and local structure complexity that enable to quantify their structural diversity rigorously. In this manuscript, we employ for the first time mathematical topology and geometry to classify neurodegenerative diseases by using cryo-electron microscopy structures of tau filaments that are available in the Protein Data Bank. By employing mathematical topology metrics (Gauss linking integral, writhe and second Vassiliev measure) we achieve a consistent, but more refined classification of tauopathies, than what was previously observed through visual inspection. Our results reveal a hierarchy of classification from global to local topology and geometry characteristics. In particular, we find that tauopathies can be classified with respect to the handedness of their global conformations and the handedness of the relative orientations of their repeats. Progressive supranuclear palsy is identified as an outlier, with a more complex structure than the rest, reflected by a small, but observable knotoid structure (a diagrammatic structure representing non-trivial topology). This topological characteristic can be attributed to a pattern in the beginning of the R3 repeat that is present in all tauopathies but at different extent. Moreover, by comparing single filament to paired filament structures within tauopathies we find a consistent change in the side-chain orientations with respect to the alpha carbon atoms at the area of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Sugiyama
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Eleni Panagiotou
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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7
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Singh R, Kaur N, Choubey V, Dhingra N, Kaur T. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and its role in various neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2024; 1826:148742. [PMID: 38159591 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a critical cellular organelle, maintains cellular homeostasis by regulating calcium levels and orchestrating essential functions such as protein synthesis, folding, and lipid production. A pivotal aspect of ER function is its role in protein quality control. When misfolded proteins accumulate within the ER due to factors like protein folding chaperone dysfunction, toxicity, oxidative stress, or inflammation, it triggers the Unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR involves the activation of chaperones like calnexin, calreticulin, glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), and Glucose-regulating protein 94 (GRP94), along with oxidoreductases like protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). Cells employ the Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) mechanism to counteract protein misfolding. ERAD disruption causes the detachment of GRP78 from transmembrane proteins, initiating a cascade involving Inositol-requiring kinase/endoribonuclease 1 (IRE1), Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathways. The accumulation and deposition of misfolded proteins within the cell are hallmarks of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. These aberrant proteins disrupt normal neuronal signalling and contribute to impaired cellular homeostasis, including oxidative stress and compromised protein degradation pathways. In essence, ER stress is defined as the cellular response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, encompassing a series of signalling pathways and molecular events that aim to restore cellular homeostasis. This comprehensive review explores ER stress and its profound implications for the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimaljot Singh
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinay Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India.
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8
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Li J, Kumar A, Långström B, Nordberg A, Ågren H. Insight into the Binding of First- and Second-Generation PET Tracers to 4R and 3R/4R Tau Protofibrils. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3528-3539. [PMID: 37639522 PMCID: PMC10515481 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that perturbs body movement, eye movement, and walking balance. Similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the abnormal aggregation of tau fibrils in the central neuronal and glial cells is a major hallmark of PSP disease. In this study, we use multiple approaches, including docking, molecular dynamics, and metadynamics simulations, to investigate the binding mechanism of 10 first- and second-generations of PET tracers for PSP tau and compare their binding in cortical basal degeneration (CBD) and AD tauopathies. Structure-activity relationships, binding preferences, the nature of ligand binding in terms of basic intermolecular interactions, the role of polar/charged residues, induced-fit mechanisms, grove closures, and folding patterns for the binding of these tracers in PSP, CBD, and AD tau fibrils are evaluated and discussed in detail in order to build a holistic picture of what is essential for the binding and also to rank the potency of the different tracers. For example, we found that the same tracer shows different binding preferences for the surface sites of tau fibrils that are intrinsically distinct in the folding patterns. Results from the metadynamics simulations predict that PMPBB3 and PBB3 exhibit the strongest binding free energies onto the Q276[I277]I278, Q351[S352]K353, and N368[K369]K370 sites of PSP than the other explored tracers, indicating a solid preference for vdW and cation-π interactions. Our results also reproduced known preferences of tracers, namely, that MK6240 binds better to AD tau than CBD tau and PSP tau and that CBD2115, PI2620, and PMPBB3 are 4R tau binders. These findings fill in the well-sought-after knowledge gap in terms of these tracers' potential binding mechanisms and will be important for the design of highly selective novel PET tracers for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Neo, 141 84 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- Department
of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Neo, 141 84 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme
Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University
Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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Voicu V, Tataru CP, Toader C, Covache-Busuioc RA, Glavan LA, Bratu BG, Costin HP, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. Decoding Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms, Genetic Influences, and Therapeutic Innovations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13006. [PMID: 37629187 PMCID: PMC10455143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders often acquire due to genetic predispositions and genomic alterations after exposure to multiple risk factors. The most commonly found pathologies are variations of dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia, as well as rare subtypes of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy-based syndromes. In an emerging era of biomedical advances, molecular-cellular studies offer an essential avenue for a thorough recognition of the underlying mechanisms and their possible implications in the patient's symptomatology. This comprehensive review is focused on deciphering molecular mechanisms and the implications regarding those pathologies' clinical advancement and provides an analytical overview of genetic mutations in the case of neurodegenerative disorders. With the help of well-developed modern genetic investigations, these clinically complex disturbances are highly understood nowadays, being an important step in establishing molecularly targeted therapies and implementing those approaches in the physician's practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Voicu
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Psychopharmacology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Medical Section within the Romanian Academy, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Petre Tataru
- Department of Opthamology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (H.P.C.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (H.P.C.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (H.P.C.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (H.P.C.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (H.P.C.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (H.P.C.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-A.C.-B.); (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (H.P.C.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Koga S, Metrick MA, Golbe LI, Santambrogio A, Kim M, Soto-Beasley AI, Walton RL, Baker MC, De Castro CF, DeTure M, Russell D, Navia BA, Sandiego C, Ross OA, Vendruscolo M, Caughey B, Dickson DW. Case report of a patient with unclassified tauopathy with molecular and neuropathological features of both progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:88. [PMID: 37264457 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are distinct clinicopathological subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. They both have atypical parkinsonism, and they usually have distinct clinical features. The most common clinical presentation of PSP is Richardson syndrome, and the most common presentation of CBD is corticobasal syndrome. In this report, we describe a patient with a five-year history of Richardson syndrome and a family history of PSP in her mother and sister. A tau PET scan (18F-APN-1607) revealed low-to-moderate uptake in the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, thalamus and posterior cortical areas, including temporal, parietal and occipital cortices. Neuropathological evaluation revealed widespread neuronal and glial tau pathology in cortical and subcortical structures, including tufted astrocytes in the motor cortex, striatum and midbrain tegmentum. The subthalamic nucleus had mild-to-moderate neuronal loss with globose neurofibrillary tangles, consistent with PSP. On the other hand, there were also astrocytic plaques, a pathological hallmark of CBD, in the neocortex and striatum. To further characterize the mixed pathology, we applied two machine learning-based diagnostic pipelines. These models suggested diagnoses of PSP and CBD depending on the brain region - PSP in the motor cortex and superior frontal gyrus and CBD in caudate nucleus. Western blots of insoluble tau from motor cortex showed a banding pattern consistent with mixed features of PSP and CBD, whereas tau from the superior frontal gyrus showed a pattern consistent with CBD. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) using brain homogenates from the motor cortex and superior frontal gyrus showed ThT maxima consistent with PSP, while reaction kinetics were consistent with CBD. There were no pathogenic variants in MAPT with whole genome sequencing. We conclude that this patient had an unclassified tauopathy and features of both PSP and CBD. The different pathologies in specific brain regions suggests caution in diagnosis of tauopathies with limited sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Michael A Metrick
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lawrence I Golbe
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alessia Santambrogio
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - David Russell
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Temple Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Invicro, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Byron Caughey
- LPVD, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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11
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Valentino RR, Scotton WJ, Roemer SF, Lashley T, Heckman MG, Shoai M, Martinez-Carrasco A, Tamvaka N, Walton RL, Baker MC, Macpherson HL, Real R, Soto-Beasley AI, Mok K, Revesz T, Warner TT, Jaunmuktane Z, Boeve BF, Christopher EA, DeTure M, Duara R, Graff-Radford NR, Josephs KA, Knopman DS, Koga S, Murray ME, Lyons KE, Pahwa R, Parisi JE, Petersen RC, Whitwell J, Grinberg LT, Miller B, Schlereth A, Seeley WW, Spina S, Grossman M, Irwin DJ, Lee EB, Suh E, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Wolk DA, Connors TR, Dooley PM, Frosch MP, Oakley DH, Aldecoa I, Balasa M, Gelpi E, Borrego-Écija S, de Eugenio Huélamo RM, Gascon-Bayarri J, Sánchez-Valle R, Sanz-Cartagena P, Piñol-Ripoll G, Molina-Porcel L, Bigio EH, Flanagan ME, Gefen T, Rogalski EJ, Weintraub S, Redding-Ochoa J, Chang K, Troncoso JC, Prokop S, Newell KL, Ghetti B, Jones M, Richardson A, Robinson AC, Roncaroli F, Snowden J, Allinson K, Green O, Rowe JB, Singh P, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Flowers XE, Goldman JE, Heaps AC, Leskinen SP, Teich AF, Black SE, Keith JL, Masellis M, Bodi I, King A, Sarraj SA, Troakes C, Halliday GM, Hodges JR, Kril JJ, Kwok JB, Piguet O, Gearing M, Arzberger T, Roeber S, Attems J, Morris CM, Thomas AJ, Evers BM, White CL, Mechawar N, Sieben AA, Cras PP, De Vil BB, De Deyn PPP, Duyckaerts C, Le Ber I, Seihean D, Turbant-Leclere S, MacKenzie IR, McLean C, Cykowski MD, Ervin JF, Wang SHJ, Graff C, Nennesmo I, Nagra RM, Riehl J, Kovacs GG, Giaccone G, Nacmias B, Neumann M, Ang LC, Finger EC, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Vitale D, Cunha C, Carvalho A, Wszolek ZK, Morris HR, Rademakers R, Hardy JA, Dickson DW, Rohrer JD, Ross OA. Creating the Pick's disease International Consortium: Association study of MAPT H2 haplotype with risk of Pick's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.17.23288471. [PMID: 37163045 PMCID: PMC10168402 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.23288471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Pick's disease (PiD) is a rare and predominantly sporadic form of frontotemporal dementia that is classified as a primary tauopathy. PiD is pathologically defined by argyrophilic inclusion Pick bodies and ballooned neurons in the frontal and temporal brain lobes. PiD is characterised by the presence of Pick bodies which are formed from aggregated, hyperphosphorylated, 3-repeat tau proteins, encoded by the MAPT gene. The MAPT H2 haplotype has consistently been associated with a decreased disease risk of the 4-repeat tauopathies of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, however its role in susceptibility to PiD is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between MAPT H2 and risk of PiD. Methods We established the Pick's disease International Consortium (PIC) and collected 338 (60.7% male) pathologically confirmed PiD brains from 39 sites worldwide. 1,312 neurologically healthy clinical controls were recruited from Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL (N=881) or Rochester, MN (N=431). For the primary analysis, subjects were directly genotyped for MAPT H1-H2 haplotype-defining variant rs8070723. In secondary analysis, we genotyped and constructed the six-variant MAPT H1 subhaplotypes (rs1467967, rs242557, rs3785883, rs2471738, rs8070723, and rs7521). Findings Our primary analysis found that the MAPT H2 haplotype was associated with increased risk of PiD (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12-1.64 P=0.002). In secondary analysis involving H1 subhaplotypes, a protective association with PiD was observed for the H1f haplotype (0.0% vs. 1.2%, P=0.049), with a similar trend noted for H1b (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58-1.00, P=0.051). The 4-repeat tauopathy risk haplotype MAPT H1c was not associated with PiD susceptibility (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.70-1.25, P=0.65). Interpretation The PIC represents the first opportunity to perform relatively large-scale studies to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of PiD. This study demonstrates that in contrast to its protective role in 4R tauopathies, the MAPT H2 haplotype is associated with an increased risk of PiD. This finding is critical in directing isoform-related therapeutics for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Scotton
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Shanu F Roemer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nicole Tamvaka
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Hannah L Macpherson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Kin Mok
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Beach, FL
| | | | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Kelly E Lyons
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Parkinson’s Disease & Movement Disorder Division, Kansas City, KS. 66160
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Parkinson’s Disease & Movement Disorder Division, Kansas City, KS. 66160
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Athena Schlereth
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theresa R Connors
- Neuropathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Dooley
- Neuropathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Neuropathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek H Oakley
- Neuropathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Pathology, BDC, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-FRCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer’s Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinical Research Foundation-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergi Borrego-Écija
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinical Research Foundation-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Gascon-Bayarri
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (Idibell). L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinical Research Foundation-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius (Cognitive Disorders Unit), Clinical Neuroscience Research, IRBLleida, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-FRCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinical Research Foundation-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily J Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Koping Chang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stefan Prokop
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Matthew Jones
- Cerebral Function Unit, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Richardson
- Cerebral Function Unit, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Julie Snowden
- Cerebral Function Unit, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Histopathology Box 235 Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
| | - Oliver Green
- Histopathology Box 235 Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
| | - James B Rowe
- Cambridge University Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Poonam Singh
- Histopathology Box 235 Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Xena E Flowers
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Allison C Heaps
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra P Leskinen
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra E Black
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute
| | - Julia L Keith
- Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
| | - Mario Masellis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Clinical Neuropathology Department, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- Clinical Neuropathology Department, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Safa-Al Sarraj
- Clinical Neuropathology Department, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- University of Sydney Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences
| | - John R Hodges
- University of Sydney Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences
| | - Jillian J Kril
- University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences
| | - John B Kwok
- University of Sydney Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences
| | - Olivier Piguet
- University of Sydney Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Science School of Psychology
| | - Marla Gearing
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, and Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Center Brain Bank; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Attems
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Bret M. Evers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Charles L White
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | - Anne A Sieben
- Laboratory of Neurology, Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- IBB-NeuroBiobank BB190113, Born Bunge Institute, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Patrick P Cras
- Laboratory of Neurology, Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- IBB-NeuroBiobank BB190113, Born Bunge Institute, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital - UZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart B De Vil
- Laboratory of Neurology, Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- IBB-NeuroBiobank BB190113, Born Bunge Institute, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital - UZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul P.P. De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Escourolle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, & Alzheimer Prion Team, ICM, 47 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75651 CEDEX 13 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Seihean
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Escourolle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, & ICM, 47 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75651 CEDEX 13 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Turbant-Leclere
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ian R MacKenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology Alfred Heath, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
- Victorian Brain Bank, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience of Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John F Ervin
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Shih-Hsiu J Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Dept of laboratory Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden
- Dept of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rashed M Nagra
- Human Brain and Spinal Fluid Resource Center, Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CRND) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lee-Cyn Ang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London. ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dan Vitale
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- VIBUAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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12
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Tauber CV, Schwarz SC, Rösler TW, Arzberger T, Gentleman S, Windl O, Krumbiegel M, Reis A, Ruf VC, Herms J, Höglinger GU. Different MAPT haplotypes influence expression of total MAPT in postmortem brain tissue. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:40. [PMID: 36906636 PMCID: PMC10008602 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAPT gene, encoding the microtubule-associated protein tau on chromosome 17q21.31, is result of an inversion polymorphism, leading to two allelic variants (H1 and H2). Homozygosity for the more common haplotype H1 is associated with an increased risk for several tauopathies, but also for the synucleinopathy Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we aimed to clarify whether the MAPT haplotype influences expression of MAPT and SNCA, encoding the protein α-synuclein (α-syn), on mRNA and protein levels in postmortem brains of PD patients and controls. We also investigated mRNA expression of several other MAPT haplotype-encoded genes. Postmortem tissues from cortex of fusiform gyrus (ctx-fg) and of the cerebellar hemisphere (ctx-cbl) of neuropathologically confirmed PD patients (n = 95) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 81) were MAPT haplotype genotyped to identify cases homozygous for either H1 or H2. Relative expression of genes was quantified using real-time qPCR; soluble and insoluble protein levels of tau and α-syn were determined by Western blotting. Homozygosity for H1 versus H2 was associated with increased total MAPT mRNA expression in ctx-fg regardless of disease state. Inversely, H2 homozygosity was associated with markedly increased expression of the corresponding antisense MAPT-AS1 in ctx-cbl. PD patients had higher levels of insoluble 0N3R and 1N4R tau isoforms regardless of the MAPT genotype. The increased presence of insoluble α-syn in PD patients in ctx-fg validated the selected postmortem brain tissue. Our findings in this small, but well controlled cohort of PD and controls support a putative biological relevance of tau in PD. However, we did not identify any link between the disease-predisposing H1/H1 associated overexpression of MAPT with PD status. Further studies are required to gain a deeper understanding of the potential regulatory role of MAPT-AS1 and its association to the disease-protective H2/H2 condition in the context of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina V Tauber
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludiwgs-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Rösler
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Steve Gentleman
- Parkinson's UK Brain Bank, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Neuropathology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Otto Windl
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mandy Krumbiegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktoria C Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Pathomechanisms of cognitive impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:481-493. [PMID: 36862189 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early postural instability and falls, oculomotor dysfunction (vertical supranuclear gaze palsy), parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa, pseudobulbar palsy, and cognitive impairment. This four-repeat tauopathy is morphologically featured by accumulation of tau protein in neurons and glia causing neuronal loss and gliosis in the extrapyramidal system associated with cortical atrophy and white matter lesions. Cognitive impairment being frequent in PSP and more severe than in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson disease, is dominated by executive dysfunction, with milder difficulties in memory, and visuo-spatial and naming dysfunctions. Showing longitudinal decline, it has been related to a variety of pathogenic mechanisms associated with the underlying neurodegenerative process, such as involvement of cholinergic and muscarinergic dysfunctions, and striking tau pathology in frontal and temporal cortical regions associated with reduced synaptic density. Altered striatofrontal, fronto-cerebellar, parahippocampal, and multiple subcortical structures, as well as widespread white matter lesions causing extensive connectivity disruptions in cortico-subcortical and cortico-brainstem connections, support the concept that PSP is a brain network disruption disorder. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in PSP, as in other degenerative movement disorders, are complex and deserve further elucidation as a basis for adequate treatment to improve the quality of life of patients with this fatal disease.
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14
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Kawles A, Minogue G, Zouridakis A, Keszycki R, Gill N, Nassif C, Coventry C, Zhang H, Rogalski E, Flanagan ME, Castellani R, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Geula C, Gefen T. Differential vulnerability of the dentate gyrus to tauopathies in dementias. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:1. [PMID: 36597124 PMCID: PMC9811688 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG), a key hippocampal subregion in memory processing, generally resists phosphorylated tau accumulation in the amnestic dementia of the Alzheimer's type due to Alzheimer's disease (DAT-AD), but less is known about the susceptibility of the DG to other tauopathies. Here, we report stereologic densities of total DG neurons and tau inclusions in thirty-two brains of human participants with autopsy-confirmed tauopathies with distinct isoform profiles-3R Pick's disease (PiD, N = 8), 4R corticobasal degeneration (CBD, N = 8), 4R progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, N = 8), and 3/4R AD (N = 8). All participants were diagnosed during life with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), an aphasic clinical dementia syndrome characterized by progressive deterioration of language abilities with spared non-language cognitive abilities in early stages, except for five patients with DAT-AD as a comparison group. 51% of total participants were female. All specimens were stained immunohistochemically with AT8 to visualize tau pathology, and PPA cases were stained for Nissl substance to visualize neurons. Unbiased stereological analysis was performed in granule and hilar DG cells, and inclusion-to-neuron ratios were calculated. In the PPA group, PiD had highest mean total (granule + hilar) densities of DG tau pathology (p < 0.001), followed by CBD, AD, then PSP. PPA-AD cases showed more inclusions in hilar cells compared to granule cells, while the opposite was true in PiD and CBD. Inclusion-to-neuron ratios revealed, on average, 33% of all DG neurons in PiD cases contained a tau inclusion, compared to ~ 7% in CBD, 2% in AD, and 0.4% in PSP. There was no significant difference between DAT-AD and PPA-AD pathologic tau burden, suggesting that differences in DG burden are not specific to clinical phenotype. We conclude that the DG is differentially vulnerable to pathologic tau accumulation, raising intriguing questions about the structural integrity and functional significance of hippocampal circuits in neurodegenerative dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Grace Minogue
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Antonia Zouridakis
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Rachel Keszycki
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nathan Gill
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Caren Nassif
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Christina Coventry
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Margaret E. Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rudolph Castellani
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Eileen H. Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - M. Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry Building, 8th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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15
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A Patient with Corticobasal Syndrome and Progressive Non-Fluent Aphasia (CBS-PNFA), with Variants in ATP7B, SETX, SORL1, and FOXP1 Genes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122361. [PMID: 36553628 PMCID: PMC9778325 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze the phenotypic-genetic correlations in a patient diagnosed with early onset corticobasal syndrome with progressive non-fluent aphasia (CBS-PNFA), characterized by predominant apraxia of speech, accompanied by prominent right-sided upper-limb limb-kinetic apraxia, alien limb phenomenon, synkinesis, myoclonus, mild cortical sensory loss, and right-sided hemispatial neglect. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified rare single heterozygous variants in ATP7B (c.3207C>A), SORL1 (c.352G>A), SETX (c.2385_2387delAAA), and FOXP1 (c.1762G>A) genes. The functional analysis revealed that the deletion in the SETX gene changed the splicing pattern, which was accompanied by lower SETX mRNA levels in the patient's fibroblasts, suggesting loss-of-function as the underlying mechanism. In addition, the patient's fibroblasts demonstrated altered mitochondrial architecture with decreased connectivity, compared to the control individuals. This is the first association of the CBS-PNFA phenotype with the most common ATP7B pathogenic variant p.H1069Q, previously linked to Wilson's disease, and early onset Parkinson's disease. This study expands the complex clinical spectrum related to variants in well-known disease genes, such as ATP7B, SORL1, SETX, and FOXP1, corroborating the hypothesis of oligogenic inheritance. To date, the FOXP1 gene has been linked exclusively to neurodevelopmental speech disorders, while our study highlights its possible relevance for adult-onset progressive apraxia of speech, which guarantees further study.
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16
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Zecca C, Tortelli R, Carrera P, Dell'Abate MT, Logroscino G, Ferrari M. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia-parkinsonian syndromes and advanced diagnostic approaches. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 60:171-188. [PMID: 36510705 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2150833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized mainly by atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. Based on clinical presentation, three main clinical syndromes have traditionally been described: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, over the last 20 years, it has been recognized that cognitive phenotypes often overlap with motor phenotypes, either motor neuron diseases or parkinsonian signs and/or syndromes like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cortico-basal syndrome (CBS). Furthermore, FTD-related genes are characterized by genetic pleiotropy and can cause, even in the same family, pure motor phenotypes, findings that underlie the clinical continuum of the spectrum, which has pure cognitive and pure motor phenotypes as the extremes. The genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-motor neuron disease, has been well defined and extensively investigated, while the continuum, FTD-parkinsonism, lacks a comprehensive review. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about the genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-parkinsonism, focusing on the phenotypes that are less frequent than bvFTD, namely nfPPA, svPPA, PSP, CBS, and cognitive-motor overlapping phenotypes (i.e. PPA + PSP). From a pathological point of view, they are characterized mainly by the presence of phosphorylated-tau inclusions, either 4 R or 3 R. The genetic correlate of the spectrum can be heterogeneous, although some variants seem to lead preferentially to specific clinical syndromes. Furthermore, we critically review the contribution of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in disentangling the complex heritability of the FTD-parkinsonism spectrum and in defining the genotype-phenotype correlation of the entire clinical scenario, owing to the ability of these techniques to test multiple genes, and so to allow detailed investigations of the overlapping phenotypes. Finally, we conclude with the importance of a detailed genetic characterization and we offer to patients and families the chance to be included in future randomized clinical trials focused on autosomal dominant forms of FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zecca
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis and Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Abate
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy.,Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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17
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Sainouchi M, Tada M, Fitrah YA, Hara N, Tanaka K, Idezuka J, Aida I, Nakajima T, Miyashita A, Akazawa K, Ikeuchi T, Onodera O, Kakita A. Brain TDP-43 pathology in corticobasal degeneration: topographical correlation with neuronal loss. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12786. [PMID: 34913181 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neuronal and glial inclusions comprising transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) have been identified in the brains of patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and a possible correlation between the presence of these inclusions and clinical phenotypes has been speculated. However, the significance of TDP-43 pathology in the pathomechanism of CBD has remained unclear. Here we investigated the topographical relationship between TDP-43 inclusions and neuronal loss in CBD. METHODS We estimated semi-quantitatively neuronal loss and TDP-43 pathology in the form of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs), astrocytic inclusions (AIs), oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), and dystrophic neurites in 22 CNS regions in 10 patients with CBD. Then, the degree of correlation between the severity of neuronal loss and the quantity of each type of TDP-43 inclusion was assessed. We also investigated tau pathology in a similar manner. RESULTS TDP-43 pathology was evident in 9 patients. The putamen and globus pallidus were the regions most frequently affected (80%). NCIs were the most prominent form, and their quantity was significantly correlated with the severity of neuronal loss in more than half of the regions examined. The quantities of TDP-43 NCIs and tau NCIs were correlated in only a few regions. The number of regions where the quantities of TDP-43 AIs and GCIs were correlated with the severity of neuronal loss was apparently small in comparison with that of NCIs. CONCLUSIONS TDP-43 alterations in neurons, not closely associated with tau pathology, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying neuronal loss in CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sainouchi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mari Tada
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yusran Ady Fitrah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kou Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Mishima Hospital, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jiro Idezuka
- Department of Neurology, Ojiya Sakura Hospital, Ojiya, Niigata, Japan
| | - Izumi Aida
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Niigata National Hospital, Kashiwazaki, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Niigata National Hospital, Kashiwazaki, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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18
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Stamelou M, Respondek G, Giagkou N, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Evolving concepts in progressive supranuclear palsy and other 4-repeat tauopathies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:601-620. [PMID: 34426686 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are classified according to whether tau deposits predominantly contain tau isoforms with three or four repeats of the microtubule-binding domain. Those in which four-repeat (4R) tau predominates are known as 4R-tauopathies, and include progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease, globular glial tauopathies and conditions associated with specific MAPT mutations. In these diseases, 4R-tau deposits are found in various cell types and anatomical regions of the brain and the conditions share pathological, pathophysiological and clinical characteristics. Despite being considered 'prototype' tauopathies and, therefore, ideal for studying neuroprotective agents, 4R-tauopathies are still severe and untreatable diseases for which no validated biomarkers exist. However, advances in research have addressed the issues of phenotypic overlap, early clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology and identification of biomarkers, setting a road map towards development of treatments. New clinical criteria have been developed and large cohorts with early disease are being followed up in prospective studies. New clinical trial readouts are emerging and biomarker research is focused on molecular pathways that have been identified. Lessons learned from failed trials of neuroprotective drugs are being used to design new trials. In this Review, we present an overview of the latest research in 4R-tauopathies, with a focus on progressive supranuclear palsy, and discuss how current evidence dictates ongoing and future research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece. .,European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giagkou
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Dept, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CRND), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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19
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Sexton C, Snyder H, Beher D, Boxer AL, Brannelly P, Brion JP, Buée L, Cacace AM, Chételat G, Citron M, DeVos SL, Diaz K, Feldman HH, Frost B, Goate AM, Gold M, Hyman B, Johnson K, Karch CM, Kerwin DR, Koroshetz WJ, Litvan I, Morris HR, Mummery CJ, Mutamba J, Patterson MC, Quiroz YT, Rabinovici GD, Rommel A, Shulman MB, Toledo-Sherman LM, Weninger S, Wildsmith KR, Worley SL, Carrillo MC. Current directions in tau research: Highlights from Tau 2020. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:988-1007. [PMID: 34581500 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Studies supporting a strong association between tau deposition and neuronal loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline have heightened the allure of tau and tau-related mechanisms as therapeutic targets. In February 2020, leading tau experts from around the world convened for the first-ever Tau2020 Global Conference in Washington, DC, co-organized and cosponsored by the Rainwater Charitable Foundation, the Alzheimer's Association, and CurePSP. Representing academia, industry, government, and the philanthropic sector, presenters and attendees discussed recent advances and current directions in tau research. The meeting provided a unique opportunity to move tau research forward by fostering global partnerships among academia, industry, and other stakeholders and by providing support for new drug discovery programs, groundbreaking research, and emerging tau researchers. The meeting also provided an opportunity for experts to present critical research-advancing tools and insights that are now rapidly accelerating the pace of tau research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pat Brannelly
- Alzheimer's Disease Data Initiative, Kirkland, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Place de Verdun, Lille, France
| | | | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Martin Citron
- Neuroscience TA, Braine l'Alleud, UCB Biopharma, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah L DeVos
- Translational Sciences, Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Howard H Feldman
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Gold
- AbbVie, Neurosciences Development, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Diana R Kerwin
- Kerwin Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Walter J Koroshetz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Catherine J Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marc C Patterson
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory & Aging Center, Departments of Neurology, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amy Rommel
- Tau Consortium, Rainwater Charitable Foundation, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie B Shulman
- Neurodegeneration Development Unit, Biogen, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Kristin R Wildsmith
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan L Worley
- Independent science writer, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Leveille E, Ross OA, Gan-Or Z. Tau and MAPT genetics in tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 90:142-154. [PMID: 34593302 PMCID: PMC9310195 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MAPT encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and found in other protein aggregates. These aggregates are among the pathological hallmarks of primary tauopathies such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Abnormal tau can also be observed in secondary tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). On top of pathological findings, genetic data also links MAPT to these disorders. MAPT variations are a cause or risk factors for many tauopathies and synucleinopathies and are associated with certain clinical and pathological features in affected individuals. In addition to clinical, pathological, and genetic overlap, evidence also suggests that tau and alpha-synuclein may interact on the molecular level, and thus might collaborate in the neurodegenerative process. Understanding the role of MAPT variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies is therefore essential to elucidate the role of tau in the pathogenesis and phenotype of those disorders, and ultimately to develop targeted therapies. In this review, we describe the role of MAPT genetic variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies, several genotype-phenotype and pathological features, and discuss their implications for the classification and treatment of those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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21
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Przewodowska D, Marzec W, Madetko N. Novel Therapies for Parkinsonian Syndromes-Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:720220. [PMID: 34512258 PMCID: PMC8427499 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.720220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atypical parkinsonian syndromes are rare, fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal protein accumulation in the brain. Examples of these syndromes include progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal degeneration. A common clinical feature in parkinsonism is a limited improvement with levodopa. So far, there are no disease-modifying treatments to address these conditions, and therapy is only limited to the alleviation of symptoms. Diagnosis is devastating for patients, as prognosis is extremely poor, and the disease tends to progress rapidly. Currently, potential causes and neuropathological mechanisms involved in these diseases are being widely investigated. Objectives: The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances and gather emerging disease-modifying therapies that could slow the progression of atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched regarding novel perspectives for atypical parkinsonism treatment. The following medical subject headings were used: "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-therapy," "treatment of atypical parkinsonian syndromes," "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-clinical trial," "therapy of tauopathy," "alpha-synucleinopathy treatment," "PSP therapy/treatment," "CBD therapy/treatment," "MSA therapy/treatment," and "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-disease modifying." All search results were manually reviewed prior to inclusion in this review. Results: Neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia activation, proteasomal impairment, and oxidative stress play a role in the neurodegenerative process. Ongoing studies and clinical trials target these components in order to suppress toxic protein accumulation. Various approaches such as stem cell therapy, anti-aggregation/anti-phosphorylation agent administration, or usage of active and passive immunization appear to have promising results. Conclusion: Presently, disease-modifying strategies for atypical parkinsonian syndromes are being actively explored, with encouraging preliminary results. This leads to an assumption that developing accurate, safe, and progression-halting treatment is not far off. Nevertheless, the further investigation remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przewodowska
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Marzec
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Chung DEC, Roemer S, Petrucelli L, Dickson DW. Cellular and pathological heterogeneity of primary tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:57. [PMID: 34425874 PMCID: PMC8381569 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally aggregated in neuronal and glial cells in a range of neurodegenerative diseases that are collectively referred to as tauopathies. Multiple studies have suggested that pathological tau species may act as a seed that promotes aggregation of endogenous tau in naïve cells and contributes to propagation of tau pathology. While they share pathological tau aggregation as a common feature, tauopathies are distinct from one another with respect to predominant tau isoforms that accumulate and the selective vulnerability of brain regions and cell types that have tau inclusions. For instance, primary tauopathies present with glial tau pathology, while it is mostly neuronal in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, morphologies of tau inclusions can greatly vary even within the same cell type, suggesting distinct mechanisms or distinct tau conformers in each tauopathy. Neuropathological heterogeneity across tauopathies challenges our understanding of pathophysiology behind tau seeding and aggregation, as well as our efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies for AD and other tauopathies. In this review, we describe diverse neuropathological features of tau inclusions in neurodegenerative tauopathies and discuss what has been learned from experimental studies with mouse models, advanced transcriptomics, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) on the biology underlying cell type-specific tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-eun Chloe Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 32224 Jacksonville, FL USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 77030 Houston, TX USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, 77030 Houston, TX USA
| | - Shanu Roemer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 32224 Jacksonville, FL USA
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23
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Wilson D, Le Heron C, Anderson T. Corticobasal syndrome: a practical guide. Pract Neurol 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal syndrome is a disorder of movement, cognition and behaviour with several possible underlying pathologies, including corticobasal degeneration. It presents insidiously and is slowly progressive. Clinicians should consider the diagnosis in people presenting with any combination of extrapyramidal features (with poor response to levodopa), apraxia or other parietal signs, aphasia and alien-limb phenomena. Neuroimaging showing asymmetrical perirolandic cortical changes supports the diagnosis, while advanced neuroimaging may give insight into the underlying pathology. Identifying corticobasal syndrome carries some management implications (especially if protein-based treatments arise in the future) and prognostic significance. Its treatment is largely symptomatic and is best undertaken within a multidisciplinary setting, including a neurologist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech language therapist, psychiatrist and, ultimately, a palliative care clinician. Corticobasal syndrome can be a confusing entity for neurologists, not least because it has over time evolved from being considered predominantly as a movement disorder to a condition spanning a wide range of cognitive and motor manifestations. In this practical review, we attempt to disentangle this syndrome and provide clarity around diagnosis, its underlying pathological substrates, key clinical features and potential treatments.
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24
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Rini J, Asken B, Geier E, Rankin K, Kramer J, Boxer A, Miller B, Yokoyama J, Spina S. Genetic pleiotropy and the shared pathological features of corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy: a case report and a review of the literature. Neurocase 2021; 27:120-128. [PMID: 33754963 PMCID: PMC8137543 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1879869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Though distinct pathological entities, corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) share multiple biochemical and genetic features suggesting overlapping pathophysiology. We report the case of a patient with an 18-year clinical course consistent with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. The neuropathological assessment revealed unclassifiable frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau-immunoreactive inclusions sharing features of both CBD and PSP. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a unique combination of pleiotropic genetic risk variants associated with both PSP and CBD. These findings support the observation that CBD and PSP share genetic co-expression networks that influence neurodegenerative pathogenesis common to 4R tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rini
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Breton Asken
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ethan Geier
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joel Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adam Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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25
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Arienti F, Lazzeri G, Vizziello M, Monfrini E, Bresolin N, Saetti MC, Picillo M, Franco G, Di Fonzo A. Unravelling Genetic Factors Underlying Corticobasal Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:171. [PMID: 33467748 PMCID: PMC7830591 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is an atypical parkinsonian presentation characterized by heterogeneous clinical features and different underlying neuropathology. Most CBS cases are sporadic; nevertheless, reports of families and isolated individuals with genetically determined CBS have been reported. In this systematic review, we analyze the demographical, clinical, radiological, and anatomopathological features of genetically confirmed cases of CBS. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, included all publications in English from 1 January 1999 through 1 August 2020. We found forty publications with fifty-eight eligible cases. A second search for publications dealing with genetic risk factors for CBS led to the review of eight additional articles. GRN was the most common gene involved in CBS, representing 28 out of 58 cases, followed by MAPT, C9ORF72, and PRNP. A set of symptoms was shown to be significantly more common in GRN-CBS patients, including visuospatial impairment, behavioral changes, aphasia, and language alterations. In addition, specific demographical, clinical, biochemical, and radiological features may suggest mutations in other genes. We suggest a diagnostic algorithm to help in identifying potential genetic cases of CBS in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy and to better understand the still poorly defined underlying pathogenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Arienti
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (G.L.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Giulia Lazzeri
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (G.L.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Maria Vizziello
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (G.L.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (G.L.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (N.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Saetti
- Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.A.); (G.L.); (M.V.); (E.M.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giulia Franco
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (N.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy; (N.B.); (G.F.)
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26
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Coughlin DG, Dickson DW, Josephs KA, Litvan I. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1281:151-176. [PMID: 33433875 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51140-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are neurodegenerative tauopathies with neuronal and glial lesions composed of tau that is composed predominantly of isomers with four repeats in the microtubule-binding domain (4R tau). The brain regions vulnerable to pathology in PSP and CBD overlap, but there are differences, particularly with respect to distribution of neuronal loss, the relative abundance of neuronal and glial lesions, the morphologic features of glial lesions, and the frequency of comorbid pathology. Both PSP and CBD have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including disorders of movement and cognition. Recognition of phenotypic diversity in PSP and CBD may improve antemortem diagnostic accuracy, which tends to be very good for the most common presentation of PSP (Richardson syndrome), but poor for the most characteristic presentation of CBD (corticobasal syndrome: CBS). Development of molecular and imaging biomarkers may improve antemortem diagnostic accuracy. Currently, multidisciplinary symptomatic and supportive treatment with pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies remains the standard of care. In the future, experimental therapeutic trials will be important to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irene Litvan
- UC San Diego Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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27
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Valentino RR, Koga S, Walton RL, Soto-Beasley AI, Kouri N, DeTure MA, Murray ME, Johnson PW, Petersen RC, Boeve BF, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Heckman MG. MAPT subhaplotypes in corticobasal degeneration: assessing associations with disease risk, severity of tau pathology, and clinical features. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:218. [PMID: 33287913 PMCID: PMC7720600 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1 haplotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for corticobasal degeneration (CBD). However, the specific H1 subhaplotype association is not well defined, and it is not clear whether any MAPT haplotypes influence severity of tau pathology or clinical presentation in CBD. Therefore, in the current study we examined 230 neuropathologically confirmed CBD cases and 1312 controls in order to assess associations of MAPT haplotypes with risk of CBD, severity of tau pathology (measured as semi-quantitative scores for coiled bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, astrocytic plaques, and neuropil threads), age of CBD onset, and disease duration. After correcting for multiple testing (P < 0.0026 considered as significant), we confirmed the strong association between the MAPT H2 haplotype and decreased risk of CBD (Odds ratio = 0.26, P = 2 × 10−12), and also observed a novel association between the H1d subhaplotype and an increased CBD risk (Odds ratio = 1.76, P = 0.002). Additionally, although not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing, the H1c haplotype was associated with a higher risk of CBD (Odds ratio = 1.49, P = 0.009). No MAPT haplotypes were significantly associated with any tau pathology measures, age of CBD onset, or disease duration. Though replication will be important and there is potential that population stratification could have influenced our findings, these results suggest that several MAPT H1 subhaplotypes are primarily responsible for the strong association between MAPT H1 and risk of CBD, but that H1 subhaplotypes are unlikely to play a major role in driving tau pathology or clinical features. Our findings also indicate that similarities in MAPT haplotype risk-factor profile exist between CBD and the related tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy, with H2, H1d, and H1c displaying associations with both diseases.
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28
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Alyenbaawi H, Allison WT, Mok SA. Prion-Like Propagation Mechanisms in Tauopathies and Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Prospects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1487. [PMID: 33121065 PMCID: PMC7692808 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of tau protein in the form of filamentous aggregates is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). These dementias share traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a prominent risk factor. Tau aggregates can transfer between cells and tissues in a "prion-like" manner, where they initiate the templated misfolding of normal tau molecules. This enables the spread of tau pathology to distinct parts of the brain. The evidence that tauopathies spread via prion-like mechanisms is considerable, but work detailing the mechanisms of spread has mostly used in vitro platforms that cannot fully reveal the tissue-level vectors or etiology of progression. We review these issues and then briefly use TBI and CTE as a case study to illustrate aspects of tauopathy that warrant further attention in vivo. These include seizures and sleep/wake disturbances, emphasizing the urgent need for improved animal models. Dissecting these mechanisms of tauopathy progression continues to provide fresh inspiration for the design of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; (H.A.); (W.T.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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29
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Tau at the interface between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Genes Immun 2020; 21:288-300. [PMID: 33011744 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-00113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau is an evolutionary conserved protein that promotes the assembly and stabilization of microtubules in neuronal axons. Complex patterns of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) dynamically regulate tau biochemical properties and consequently its functions. An imbalance in tau PTMs has been connected with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative conditions which are collectively known as tauopathies and include Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) among others. The hallmark of these neurological disorders is the presence in the brain of fibrillary tangles constituted of misfolded species of hyper-phosphorylated tau. The pathological events leading to tau aggregation are still largely unknown but increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in tangle formation. Moreover, tau aggregation itself could enhance inflammation through feed-forward mechanisms, amplifying the initial neurotoxic insults. Protective effects of tau against neuroinflammation have been also documented, adding another layer of complexity to this phenomenon. Here, we will review the current knowledge on tau regulation and function in health and disease. In particular, we will address its emerging role in connecting neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes.
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30
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Kent SA, Spires-Jones TL, Durrant CS. The physiological roles of tau and Aβ: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathology and therapeutics. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:417-447. [PMID: 32728795 PMCID: PMC7498448 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) are the prime suspects for driving pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, as such, have become the focus of therapeutic development. Recent research, however, shows that these proteins have been highly conserved throughout evolution and may have crucial, physiological roles. Such functions may be lost during AD progression or be unintentionally disrupted by tau- or Aβ-targeting therapies. Tau has been revealed to be more than a simple stabiliser of microtubules, reported to play a role in a range of biological processes including myelination, glucose metabolism, axonal transport, microtubule dynamics, iron homeostasis, neurogenesis, motor function, learning and memory, neuronal excitability, and DNA protection. Aβ is similarly multifunctional, and is proposed to regulate learning and memory, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, repair leaks in the blood-brain barrier, promote recovery from injury, and act as an antimicrobial peptide and tumour suppressor. This review will discuss potential physiological roles of tau and Aβ, highlighting how changes to these functions may contribute to pathology, as well as the implications for therapeutic development. We propose that a balanced consideration of both the physiological and pathological roles of tau and Aβ will be essential for the design of safe and effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Kent
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
| | - Tara L. Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
| | - Claire S. Durrant
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
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Bekpen C, Tautz D. Human core duplicon gene families: game changers or game players? Brief Funct Genomics 2020; 18:402-411. [PMID: 31529038 PMCID: PMC6920530 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Illuminating the role of specific gene duplications within the human lineage can provide insights into human-specific adaptations. The so-called human core duplicon gene families have received particular attention in this respect, due to special features, such as expansion along single chromosomes, newly acquired protein domains and signatures of positive selection. Here, we summarize the data available for 10 such families and include some new analyses. A picture emerges that suggests broad functions for these protein families, possibly through modification of core cellular pathways. Still, more dedicated studies are required to elucidate the function of core-duplicons gene families and how they have shaped adaptations and evolution of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
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Ling H, Gelpi E, Davey K, Jaunmuktane Z, Mok KY, Jabbari E, Simone R, R'Bibo L, Brandner S, Ellis MJ, Attems J, Mann D, Halliday GM, Al-Sarraj S, Hedreen J, Ironside JW, Kovacs GG, Kovari E, Love S, Vonsattel JPG, Allinson KSJ, Hansen D, Bradshaw T, Setó-Salvia N, Wray S, de Silva R, Morris HR, Warner TT, Hardy J, Holton JL, Revesz T. Fulminant corticobasal degeneration: a distinct variant with predominant neuronal tau aggregates. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:717-734. [PMID: 31950334 PMCID: PMC7096362 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration typically progresses gradually over 5–7 years from onset till death. Fulminant corticobasal degeneration cases with a rapidly progressive course were rarely reported (RP-CBD). This study aimed to investigate their neuropathological characteristics. Of the 124 autopsy-confirmed corticobasal degeneration cases collected from 14 centres, we identified 6 RP-CBD cases (4.8%) who died of advanced disease within 3 years of onset. These RP-CBD cases had different clinical phenotypes including rapid global cognitive decline (N = 2), corticobasal syndrome (N = 2) and Richardson’s syndrome (N = 2). We also studied four corticobasal degeneration cases with an average disease duration of 3 years or less, who died of another unrelated illness (Intermediate-CBD). Finally, we selected 12 age-matched corticobasal degeneration cases out of a cohort of 110, who had a typical gradually progressive course and reached advanced clinical stage (End-stage-CBD). Quantitative analysis showed high overall tau burden (p = 0.2) and severe nigral cell loss (p = 0.47) in both the RP-CBD and End-stage-CBD groups consistent with advanced pathological changes, while the Intermediate-CBD group (mean disease duration = 3 years) had milder changes than End-stage-CBD (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that RP-CBD cases had already developed advanced pathological changes as those observed in End-stage-CBD cases (mean disease duration = 6.7 years), but within a significantly shorter duration (2.5 years; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the cellular patterns of tau aggregates in the anterior frontal cortex and caudate by comparing neuronal-to-astrocytic plaque ratios between six RP-CBD cases, four Intermediate-CBD and 12 age-matched End-stage-CBD. Neuronal-to-astrocytic plaque ratios of Intermediate-CBD and End-stage-CBD, but not RP-CBD, positively correlated with disease duration in both the anterior frontal cortex and caudate (p = 0.02). In contrast to the predominance of astrocytic plaques we previously reported in preclinical asymptomatic corticobasal degeneration cases, neuronal tau aggregates predominated in RP-CBD exceeding those in Intermediate-CBD (anterior frontal cortex: p < 0.001, caudate: p = 0.001) and End-stage-CBD (anterior frontal cortex: p = 0.03, caudate: p = 0.01) as demonstrated by its higher neuronal-to-astrocytic plaque ratios in both anterior frontal cortex and caudate. We did not identify any difference in age at onset, any pathogenic tau mutation or concomitant pathologies that could have contributed to the rapid progression of these RP-CBD cases. Mild TDP-43 pathology was observed in three RP-CBD cases. All RP-CBD cases were men. The MAPT H2 haplotype, known to be protective, was identified in one RP-CBD case (17%) and 8 of the matched End-stage-CBD cases (67%). We conclude that RP-CBD is a distinct aggressive variant of corticobasal degeneration with characteristic neuropathological substrates resulting in a fulminant disease process as evident both clinically and pathologically. Biological factors such as genetic modifiers likely play a pivotal role in the RP-CBD variant and should be the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ling
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK.
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karen Davey
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospital Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kin Y Mok
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Life Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin Jabbari
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Simone
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lea R'Bibo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospital Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - David Mann
- Manchester Brain Bank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Sydney Brain Bank, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Al-Sarraj
- The London Neurodegeneration Brain Bank, The Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences (IOPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - J Hedreen
- The Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Centre, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - James W Ironside
- National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- University of Toronto, University Health Network, and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Kovari
- Department of Psychiatry, HUG Belle-Idée, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Love
- South West Dementia Brain Bank, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean Paul G Vonsattel
- Taub Institute for Research on AD and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Daniela Hansen
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teisha Bradshaw
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Núria Setó-Salvia
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK.
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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Vasilevskaya A, Taghdiri F, Burke C, Tarazi A, Naeimi SA, Khodadadi M, Goswami R, Sato C, Grinberg M, Moreno D, Wennberg R, Mikulis D, Green R, Colella B, Davis KD, Rusjan P, Houle S, Tator C, Rogaeva E, Tartaglia MC. Interaction of APOE4 alleles and PET tau imaging in former contact sport athletes. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102212. [PMID: 32097865 PMCID: PMC7037542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms like apolipoprotein E (APOE) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) genes increase the risk of neurodegeneration. METHODS 38 former players (age 52.63±14.02) of contact sports underwent neuroimaging, biofluid collection, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The [F-18]AV-1451 tracer signal was compared in the cortical grey matter between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers as well as carriers of MAPT H1H1 vs non-H1H1. Participants were then divided into the high (N = 13) and low (N = 13) groups based on cortical PET tau standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for comparison. FINDINGS Cortical grey matter PET tau SUVR values were significantly higher in APOE4 carriers compared to non-carriers (p = 0.020). In contrast, there was no significant difference in SUVR between MAPT H1H1 vs non-H1H1 carrier genes (p = 1.00). There was a significantly higher APOE4 allele frequency in the high cortical grey matter PET tau group, comparing to low cortical grey matter PET tau group (p = 0.048). No significant difference in neuropsychological function was found between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers. INTERPRETATION There is an association between higher cortical grey matter tau burden as seen with [F-18]AV-1451 PET tracer SUVR, and the APOE4 allele in former professional and semi-professional players at high risk of concussions. APOE4 allele may be a risk factor for tau accumulation in former contact sports athletes at high risk of neurodegeneration. FUNDING Toronto General and Western Hospital Foundations; Weston Brain Institute; Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in ageing; Krembil Research Institute. There was no role of the funders in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasilevskaya
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Foad Taghdiri
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Charles Burke
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Apameh Tarazi
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Seyed Ali Naeimi
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mozghan Khodadadi
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ruma Goswami
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Danielle Moreno
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Richard Wennberg
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - David Mikulis
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Robin Green
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Brenda Colella
- Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Karen D Davis
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Charles Tator
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maria C Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Canadian Concussion Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
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Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy that is characterised by motor and cognitive disturbances (1–3). A higher frequency of the H1 haplotype of MAPT, the tau gene, is present in cases of CBD than in controls (4,5) and genome-wide association studies have identified additional risk factors (6). By histology, astrocytic plaques are diagnostic of CBD (7,8), as are detergent-insoluble tau fragments of 37 kDa by SDS-PAGE (9). Like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), globular glial tauopathy (GGT) and argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) (10), CBD is characterised by abundant filamentous tau inclusions that are made of isoforms with four microtubule-binding repeats (4R) (11–15). This distinguishes 4R tauopathies from Pick’s disease, filaments of which are made of three-repeat (3R) tau isoforms, and from Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), where both 3R and 4R tau isoforms are found in the filaments (16). Here we report the structures of tau filaments extracted from the brains of three individuals with CBD using electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). They were identical between cases, but distinct from those of Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease and CTE (17–19). The core of CBD filaments comprises residues K274-E380 of tau, spanning the last residue of R1, the whole of R2, R3 and R4, as well as 12 amino acids after R4. It adopts a novel four-layered fold, which encloses a large non-proteinaceous density. The latter is surrounded by the side chains of lysine residues 290 and 294 from R2 and 370 from the sequence after R4. CBD is the first 4R tauopathy with filaments of known structure.
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Fernández-Nogales M, Lucas JJ. Altered Levels and Isoforms of Tau and Nuclear Membrane Invaginations in Huntington's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:574. [PMID: 32009905 PMCID: PMC6978886 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early reports of neurofibrillary Tau pathology in brains of some Huntington’s disease (HD) patients, mounting evidence of multiple alterations of Tau in HD brain tissue has emerged in recent years. Such Tau alterations range from increased total levels, imbalance of isoforms generated by alternative splicing (increased 4R-/3R-Tau ratio) or by post-translational modifications such as hyperphosphorylation or truncation. Besides, the detection in HD brains of a new Tau histopathological hallmark known as Tau nuclear rods (TNRs) or Tau-positive nuclear indentations (TNIs) led to propose HD as a secondary Tauopathy. After their discovery in HD brains, TNIs have also been reported in hippocampal neurons of early Braak stage AD cases and in frontal and temporal cortical neurons of FTD-MAPT cases due to the intronic IVS10+16 mutation in the Tau gene (MAPT) which results in an increased 4R-/3R-Tau ratio similar to that observed in HD. TNIs are likely pathogenic for contributing to the disturbed nucleocytoplasmic transport observed in HD. A key question is whether correction of any of the mentioned Tau alterations might have positive therapeutic implications for HD. The beneficial effect of decreasing Tau expression in HD mouse models clearly implicates Tau in HD pathogenesis. Such beneficial effect might be exerted by diminishing the excess total levels of Tau or specifically by diminishing the excess 4R-Tau, as well as any of their downstream effects. In any case, since gene silencing drugs are under development to attenuate both Huntingtin (HTT) expression for HD and MAPT expression for FTD-MAPT, it is conceivable that the combined therapy in HD patients might be more effective than HTT silencing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO)(CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Sánchez-Juan P, Moreno S, de Rojas I, Hernández I, Valero S, Alegret M, Montrreal L, García González P, Lage C, López-García S, Rodrííguez-Rodríguez E, Orellana A, Tárraga L, Boada M, Ruiz A. The MAPT H1 Haplotype Is a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease in APOE ε4 Non-carriers. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:327. [PMID: 31866851 PMCID: PMC6905227 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An ancestral inversion of 900 kb on chromosome 17q21, which includes the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, defines two haplotype clades in Caucasians (H1 and H2). The H1 haplotype has been linked inconsistently with AD. In a previous study, we showed that an SNP tagging this haplotype (rs1800547) was associated with AD risk in a large population from the Dementia Genetics Spanish Consortium (DEGESCO) including 4435 cases and 6147 controls. The association was mainly driven by individuals that were non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Our aim was to replicate our previous findings in an independent sample of 4124 AD cases and 3290 controls from Spain (GR@ACE project) and to analyze the effect of the H1 sub-haplotype structure on the risk of AD. The H1 haplotype was associated with AD risk (OR = 1.12; p = 0.0025). Stratification analysis showed that this association was mainly driven by the APOE ε4 non-carriers (OR = 1.15; p = 0.0022). Pooled analysis of both Spanish datasets (n = 17,996) showed that the highest AD risk related to the MAPT H1/H2 haplotype was in those individuals that were the oldest [third tertile (>77 years)] and did not carry APOE ε4 allele (p = 0.001). We did not find a significant association between H1 sub-haplotypes and AD. H1c was nominally associated but lost statistical significance after adjusting by population sub-structure. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic variants linked to the MAPT H1/H2 are tracking a genuine risk allele for AD. The fact that this association is stronger in APOE ε4 non-carriers partially explains previous controversial results and might be related to a slower alternative causal pathway less dependent on brain amyloid load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Alegret
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García González
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara López-García
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodrííguez-Rodríguez
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Saranza GM, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Lang AE. Corticobasal degeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:87-136. [PMID: 31779825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the predominance of pathological 4 repeat tau deposition in various cell types and anatomical regions. Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is one of the clinical phenotypes associated with CBD pathology, manifesting as a progressive asymmetric akinetic-rigid, poorly levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, with cerebral cortical dysfunction. CBD can manifest as several clinical phenotypes, and similarly, CBS can also have a pathologic diagnosis other than CBD. This chapter discusses the clinical manifestations of pathologically confirmed CBD cases, the current diagnostic criteria, as well as the pathologic and neuroimaging findings of CBD/CBS. At present, therapeutic options for CBD remain symptomatic. Further research is needed to improve the clinical diagnosis of CBD, as well as studies on disease-modifying therapies for this relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Saranza
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Constantinides VC, Paraskevas GP, Paraskevas PG, Stefanis L, Kapaki E. Corticobasal degeneration and corticobasal syndrome: A review. Clin Park Relat Disord 2019; 1:66-71. [PMID: 34316603 PMCID: PMC8288513 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder. The most common presentation of CBD is the corticobasal syndrome (CBS), which is a constellation of cortical and extrapyramidal symptoms and signs. Clinical-pathological studies have illustrated that CBD can present with diverse clinical phenotypes, including a non-fluent, agrammatic primary progressive aphasia syndrome, a behavioral, dysexecutive and visuospatial syndrome, as well as a progressive supranuclear palsy-like syndrome. Conversely, multiple pathologies, such as CBD, Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy may underlie a patient with CBS. This clinical-pathological overlap emphasizes the need for biomarkers that will assist in the accurate diagnosis of patients with CBS. This review presents an overview of the pathological, genetic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of CBD, with an emphasis on the imaging (structural and functional) and biochemical (cerebrospinal fluid) biomarkers of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios C. Constantinides
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G. Paraskevas
- Department of Nursing, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, School of Health and Welfare Services, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
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39
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Stamelou M, Giagkou N, Höglinger GU. One decade ago, one decade ahead in progressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1284-1293. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders DepartmentHYGEIA Hospital Athens Greece
- Neurology ClinicPhilipps University Marburg Germany
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginiteion HospitalUniversity of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giagkou
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders DepartmentHYGEIA Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of NeurologyTechnische Universität München Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
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40
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Eser RA, Ehrenberg AJ, Petersen C, Dunlop S, Mejia MB, Suemoto CK, Walsh CM, Rajana H, Oh J, Theofilas P, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Neylan TC, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. Selective Vulnerability of Brainstem Nuclei in Distinct Tauopathies: A Postmortem Study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:149-161. [PMID: 29304218 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The brainstem nuclei of the reticular formation (RF) are critical for regulating homeostasis, behavior, and cognition. RF degenerates in tauopathies including Alzheimer disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Although the burden of phopho-tau inclusion is high across these diseases, suggesting a similar vulnerability pattern, a distinct RF-associated clinical phenotype in these diseases indicates the opposite. To compare patterns of RF selective vulnerability to tauopathies, we analyzed 5 RF nuclei in tissue from 14 AD, 14 CBD, 10 PSP, and 3 control cases. Multidimensional quantitative analysis unraveled discernable differences on how these nuclei are vulnerable to AD, CBD, and PSP. For instance, PSP and CBD accrued more tau inclusions than AD in locus coeruleus, suggesting a lower vulnerability to AD. However, locus coeruleus neuronal loss in AD was so extreme that few neurons remained to develop aggregates. Likewise, tau burden in gigantocellular nucleus was low in AD and high in PSP, but few GABAergic neurons were present in AD. This challenges the hypothesis that gigantocellular nucleus neuronal loss underlies REM behavioral disorders because REM behavioral disorders rarely manifests in AD. This study provides foundation for characterizing the clinical consequences of RF degeneration in tauopathies and guiding customized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Eser
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander J Ehrenberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cathrine Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sara Dunlop
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maria B Mejia
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group, LIM-22, Department of Pathology.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine M Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hima Rajana
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Panos Theofilas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- LIM-44, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil and Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group, LIM-22, Department of Pathology.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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41
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update-I. Hypokinetic-rigid movement disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:933-995. [PMID: 31214855 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extrapyramidal movement disorders include hypokinetic rigid and hyperkinetic or mixed forms, most of them originating from dysfunction of the basal ganglia (BG) and their information circuits. The functional anatomy of the BG, the cortico-BG-thalamocortical, and BG-cerebellar circuit connections are briefly reviewed. Pathophysiologic classification of extrapyramidal movement disorder mechanisms distinguish (1) parkinsonian syndromes, (2) chorea and related syndromes, (3) dystonias, (4) myoclonic syndromes, (5) ballism, (6) tics, and (7) tremor syndromes. Recent genetic and molecular-biologic classifications distinguish (1) synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease-dementia, and multiple system atrophy); (2) tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, FTLD-17; Guamian Parkinson-dementia; Pick's disease, and others); (3) polyglutamine disorders (Huntington's disease and related disorders); (4) pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration; (5) Wilson's disease; and (6) other hereditary neurodegenerations without hitherto detected genetic or specific markers. The diversity of phenotypes is related to the deposition of pathologic proteins in distinct cell populations, causing neurodegeneration due to genetic and environmental factors, but there is frequent overlap between various disorders. Their etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but is suggested to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Multiple etiologies and noxious factors (protein mishandling, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, energy failure, and chronic neuroinflammation) are more likely than a single factor. Current clinical consensus criteria have increased the diagnostic accuracy of most neurodegenerative movement disorders, but for their definite diagnosis, histopathological confirmation is required. We present a timely overview of the neuropathology and pathogenesis of the major extrapyramidal movement disorders in two parts, the first one dedicated to hypokinetic-rigid forms and the second to hyperkinetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Goedert M, Falcon B, Zhang W, Ghetti B, Scheres SHW. Distinct Conformers of Assembled Tau in Alzheimer's and Pick's Diseases. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:163-171. [PMID: 30886056 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tau filaments with distinct morphologies and/or isoform compositions underlie a large number of human neurodegenerative diseases. In conjunction with experimental studies, this has led to the suggestion that conformers of aggregated tau exist. Electron cryo-microscopy can be used to determine high-resolution structures of amyloid filaments from human brain. Paired helical and straight tau filaments of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are ultrastructural polymorphs. Each filament core is composed of two identical protofilaments extending from G273/304-E380 (in the numbering of the 441-amino acid isoform of human tau), which adopt a combined cross-β/β-helix structure. They comprise the ends of the first or second microtubule-binding repeat (R1 or R2), the whole of R3 and R4, and 12 amino acids after R4. In contrast, the core of the narrow filaments of Pick's disease (PiD) consists of a single protofilament extending from K254-F378 of 3R tau, which adopts a cross-β structure. It comprises the last 21 amino acids of R1, all of R3 and R4, and 10 amino acids after R4. Wide tau filaments of PiD, which are in the minority, consist of two narrow filaments packed against each other. The tau filament folds of AD and PiD appear to be conserved between different cases of disease. These findings show that filamentous tau adopts one fold in AD and a different fold in PiD, establishing the existence of distinct conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Falcon
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Sjors H W Scheres
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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43
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Naasan G, Shany-Ur T, Sidhu M, Barton C, Ketelle R, Shdo SM, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Seeley WW. Corticobasal syndrome with visual hallucinations and probable REM-sleep behavior disorder: an autopsied case report of a patient with CBD and LBD pathology. Neurocase 2019; 25:26-33. [PMID: 31006355 PMCID: PMC7059557 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2019.1604973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal syndrome and dementia with Lewy bodies are clinical presentations with unique and overlapping features but distinct pathological substrates. We report the case of an 80 year-old man who presented with apraxia, rigidity, slowness, right arm myoclonus, a 10-year history of probable REM-sleep behavior disorder, and later developed visual hallucinations. At autopsy, he had pathological features of corticobasal degeneration, and Lewy body disease confined to the brainstem. This report highlights the importance of considering co-existing pathologies when a clinical presentation defies categorization, and demonstrates that salient features of dementia with Lewy bodies may result from pathology limited to the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Naasan
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Tal Shany-Ur
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Manu Sidhu
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Cynthia Barton
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Robin Ketelle
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Suzanne M Shdo
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - William W Seeley
- a Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
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44
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APOE ε2 is associated with increased tau pathology in primary tauopathy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4388. [PMID: 30348994 PMCID: PMC6197187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease mainly by modulating amyloid-β pathology. APOE ε4 is also shown to exacerbate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in a tau transgenic mouse model. To further evaluate the association of APOE genotype with the presence and severity of tau pathology, we express human tau via an adeno-associated virus gene delivery approach in human APOE targeted replacement mice. We find increased hyperphosphorylated tau species, tau aggregates, and behavioral abnormalities in mice expressing APOE ε2/ε2. We also show that in humans, the APOE ε2 allele is associated with increased tau pathology in the brains of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) cases. Finally, we identify an association between the APOE ε2/ε2 genotype and risk of tauopathies using two series of pathologically-confirmed cases of PSP and corticobasal degeneration. Our data together suggest APOE ε2 status may influence the risk and progression of tauopathy. The APOE ε4 allele is a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, whereas the APOE ε2 allele is protective. Here the authors show that mice expressing the human APOE ε2/ε2 genotype have increased tau pathology and related behavioral deficits; they also find that the APOE ε2 allele is associated with an increased burden of tau pathology in postmortem human brains with progressive supranuclear palsy.
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45
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Koga S, Kouri N, Walton RL, Ebbert MTW, Josephs KA, Litvan I, Graff-Radford N, Ahlskog JE, Uitti RJ, van Gerpen JA, Boeve BF, Parks A, Ross OA, Dickson DW. Corticobasal degeneration with TDP-43 pathology presenting with progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome: a distinct clinicopathologic subtype. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:389-404. [PMID: 29926172 PMCID: PMC6309287 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a clinically heterogeneous tauopathy, which has overlapping clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This study aimed to elucidate whether transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) pathology contributes to clinicopathologic heterogeneity of CBD. Paraffin-embedded sections of the midbrain, pons, subthalamic nucleus, and basal forebrain from 187 autopsy-confirmed CBD cases were screened with immunohistochemistry for phospho-TDP-43. In cases with TDP-43 pathology, additional brain regions (i.e., precentral, cingulate, and superior frontal gyri, hippocampus, medulla, and cerebellum) were immunostained. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed based on the topographical distribution and severity of TDP-43 pathology, and clinicopathologic and genetic features were compared between the clusters. TDP-43 pathology was observed in 45% of CBD cases, most frequently in midbrain tegmentum (80% of TDP-43-positive cases), followed by subthalamic nucleus (69%). TDP-43-positive CBD was divided into TDP-limited (52%) and TDP-severe (48%) by hierarchical clustering analysis. TDP-severe patients were more likely to have been diagnosed clinically as PSP compared to TDP-limited and TDP-negative patients (80 vs 32 vs 30%, P < 0.001). The presence of downward gaze palsy was the strongest factor for the antemortem diagnosis of PSP, and severe TDP-43 pathology in the midbrain tectum was strongly associated with downward gaze palsy. In addition, tau burden in the olivopontocerebellar system was significantly greater in TDP-positive than TDP-negative CBD. Genetic analyses revealed that MAPT H1/H1 genotype frequency was significantly lower in TDP-severe than in TDP-negative and TDP-limited CBD (65 vs 89 vs 91%, P < 0.001). The homozygous minor allele frequencies in GRN rs5848 and TMEM106B rs3173615 were not significantly different between the three groups. In conclusion, the present study indicates that CBD with severe TDP-43 pathology is a distinct clinicopathologic subtype of CBD, characterized by PSP-like clinical presentations, severe tau pathology in the olivopontocerebellar system, and low frequency of MAPT H1 haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Mark T W Ebbert
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - J Eric Ahlskog
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Parks
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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46
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Abstract
This sign is observed in atypical parkinsonism mainly in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. The exact mechanism of this sign is not clear but the contraction of the Corrugator Supercilii muscle is the most important factor for the generation of vertical forehead creases. Though the wrinkling of forehead is a complex phenomenon involving multiple muscles but the 'Corrugator sign' would be a better term to describe this phenomenon. Despite the controversies regarding the mechanism and nomenclature, the 'Procerus sign' remains an important clinical clue for early Progressive Supranuclear palsy.
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47
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Goedert M. Tau filaments in neurodegenerative diseases. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2383-2391. [PMID: 29790176 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ordered assembly of Tau protein into abnormal filamentous inclusions is a defining characteristic of many human neurodegenerative diseases. Thirty years ago, we reported that Tau is an integral component of the intraneuronal filaments of Alzheimer's disease. All six brain Tau isoforms make up those filaments. Twenty years ago, we and others showed that mutations in MAPT, the Tau gene, cause familial forms of frontotemporal dementia, thus proving that dysfunction of Tau protein is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and dementia. More recently, we showed that high-resolution structures of Tau filaments from human brain can be determined by electron cryo-microscopy. These filaments may form the seeds that underlie the prion-like properties of aggregated tau.
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48
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Zhang CC, Zhu JX, Wan Y, Tan L, Wang HF, Yu JT, Tan L. Meta-analysis of the association between variants in MAPT and neurodegenerative diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44994-45007. [PMID: 28402959 PMCID: PMC5546535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene is compelling among the susceptibility genes of neurodegenerative diseases which include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our meta-analysis aimed to find the association between MAPT and the risk of these diseases. Published literatures were retrieved from MEDLINE and other databases, and 82 case-control studies were recruited. Six haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1467967, rs242557, rs3785883, rs2471738, del-In9 and rs7521) and haplotypes (H2 and H1c) were significantly associated with the above diseases. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated by comparison in minor and major allele frequency using the R software. This study demonstrated that different variants in MAPT were associated with AD (rs2471738: OR= 1.04, 95%CI = 1.00 - 1.09; H2: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91 - 0.97), PD (H2: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.74 - 0.79), PSP (rs242557: OR = 1. 96, 95% CI = 1. 71 - 2.25; rs2471738: OR = 1. 85, 95% CI = 1. 48 - 2.31; H2: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.18 - 0.23), CBD (rs242557: OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1. 66 -3.78; rs2471738: OR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1. 32 -3.23; H2: OR = OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.23 - 0.41) and ALS (H2: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86 - 0.98) instead of FTD (H2: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.78 - 1.32). In conclusion, MAPT is associated with risk of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting crucial roles of tau in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, PR China
| | - Jun-Xia Zhu
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China.,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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49
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Abstract
A pathway from the natively unfolded microtubule-associated protein Tau to a highly structured amyloid fibril underlies human Tauopathies. This ordered assembly causes disease and represents the gain of toxic function. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that Tau inclusions form first in a small number of brain cells, from where they propagate to other regions, resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. Propagation of pathology is often called prion-like, which refers to the capacity of an assembled protein to induce the same abnormal conformation in a protein of the same kind, initiating a self-amplifying cascade. In addition, prion-like encompasses the release of protein aggregates from brain cells and their uptake by neighboring cells. In mice, the intracerebral injection of Tau inclusions induces the ordered assembly of monomeric Tau, followed by its spreading to distant brain regions. Conformational differences between Tau aggregates from transgenic mouse brain and in vitro assembled recombinant protein account for the greater seeding potency of brain aggregates. Short fibrils constitute the major species of seed-competent Tau in the brains of transgenic mice. The existence of multiple human Tauopathies with distinct fibril morphologies has led to the suggestion that different molecular conformers (or strains) of aggregated Tau exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom;
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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50
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive changes in behavior, personality, and language with involvement of the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. About 40% of FTD cases have a positive family history, and about 10% of these cases are inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern. These gene defects present with distinct clinical phenotypes. As the diagnosis of FTD becomes more recognizable, it will become increasingly important to keep these gene mutations in mind. In this chapter, we review the genes with known associations to FTD. We discuss protein functions, mutation frequencies, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, and pathology associated with these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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