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Perlee S, Ma Y, Hunter MV, Swanson JB, Ming Z, Xia J, Lionnet T, McGrail M, White R. A zebrafish system for identifying genetic dependencies in melanocytes and melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586101. [PMID: 38562693 PMCID: PMC10983904 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The advent of large-scale sequencing in both development and disease has identified large numbers of candidate genes that may be linked to important phenotypes. Validating the function of these candidates in vivo is challenging, due to low efficiency and low throughput of most model systems. This is especially the case in skin cells such as melanocytes, where the background mutation rate is high. We have developed a rapid and scalable system for assessing the role of candidate genes in a melanocyte specific manner using zebrafish. We generated transgenic zebrafish in which Cas9 was knocked-in to the endogenous mitfa locus, a master transcription factor of the melanocyte lineage. By introducing single guide RNA expression cassettes into mitfaCas9 embryos, we were able to achieve highly efficient melanocyte-specific mutation of genes important for melanocyte patterning and survival. These animals can be used to screen for dominant or recessive pigment defects in both the F0 generation (3 days) and F1 generation (3 months). We also utilized the mitfaCas9 line to study the role of melanoma genetic dependencies such as SOX10, demonstrating that loss of SOX10 reduces melanoma initiation yet promotes tumor progression by a switch to a SOX9hi state. This SOX10 to SOX9 switch has previously been observed in human patients, indicating that our system can be used to rapidly uncover biological states with relevance to human disease. Our high efficiency genetic approach can be readily applied to other cell lineages, with relevance to both development and disease.
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2
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Zhang Z, Shi C, Han J, Ge X, Li N, Liu Y, Huang J, Chen S. Nonvisual system-mediated body color change in fish reveals nonvisual function of Opsin 3 in skin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112861. [PMID: 38335869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Body-color changes in many poikilothermic animals can occur quickly. This color change is generally initiated by visual system, followed by neuromuscular or neuroendocrine control. We have previously showed that the ventral skin color of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) presents golden yellow in dark environment and quickly changes to silvery white in light environment. In the present study, we found that the light-induced whitening of ventral skin color was independent of visual input. Using light-emitting diode sources of different wavelength with same luminance (150 lx) but different absolute irradiance (0.039-0.333 mW/cm2), we further found that the blue light (λmax = 480 nm, 0.107 mW/cm2) is more effectively in induction of whitening of ventral skin color in compare with other light sources. Interestingly, the result of RT-PCR showed opsin 3 transcripts expressed in xanthophores. Recombinant protein of Opsin 3 with 11-cis retinal formed functional blue-sensitive pigment, with an absorption maximum at 468 nm. The HEK293T cells transfected with Opsin 3 showed a blue light-evoked Ca2+ response. Knock-down of Opsin 3 expression blocked the light-induced xanthosomes aggregation in vitro. Moreover, the light-induced xanthosomes aggregation was mediated via Ca2+-PKC and Ca2+-CaMKII pathways, and relied on microtubules and dynein. Decrease of cAMP levels was a prerequisite for xanthosomes aggregation. Our results provide a unique organism model exhibiting light-induced quick body color change, which was independent of visual input but rather rely on non-visual function of Opsin 3 within xanthophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chenchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Key laboratory of fish applied biology and aquaculture in North China, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Bin JM, Suminaite D, Benito-Kwiecinski SK, Kegel L, Rubio-Brotons M, Early JJ, Soong D, Livesey MR, Poole RJ, Lyons DA. Importin 13-dependent axon diameter growth regulates conduction speeds along myelinated CNS axons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1790. [PMID: 38413580 PMCID: PMC10899189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon diameter influences the conduction properties of myelinated axons, both directly, and indirectly through effects on myelin. However, we have limited understanding of mechanisms controlling axon diameter growth in the central nervous system, preventing systematic dissection of how manipulating diameter affects myelination and conduction along individual axons. Here we establish zebrafish to study axon diameter. We find that importin 13b is required for axon diameter growth, but does not affect cell body size or axon length. Using neuron-specific ipo13b mutants, we assess how reduced axon diameter affects myelination and conduction, and find no changes to myelin thickness, precision of action potential propagation, or ability to sustain high frequency firing. However, increases in conduction speed that occur along single myelinated axons with development are tightly linked to their growth in diameter. This suggests that axon diameter growth is a major driver of increases in conduction speeds along myelinated axons over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenea M Bin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Daumante Suminaite
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maria Rubio-Brotons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jason J Early
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Daniel Soong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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Wang H, Kang G, Ma C, Lian H, Zhao K, Zhao B, Feng Y, Dong W. Inhibitory Effect of Acetaminophen on Ocular Pigmentation and its Relationship with Thyroxine in Zebrafish Embryos. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:39. [PMID: 38353786 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) is one of the most widely used analgesics. To examine the toxicity of APAP, we used zebrafish embryos as model animals to detect the effect of APAP on the thyroid system of zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to APAP from 4 h post fertilization (4 hpf) until observation. The experimental results showed that APAP caused pericardial edema and decreased pigmentation in the zebrafish embryos or larvae. The APAP treatment caused a decrease in the expression of tpo and thrβ in the zebrafish at 36 and 72 hpf. The transcriptomic analysis found that APAP affected retinol metabolism, the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and the tyrosine metabolism pathway. The harmful effect of APAP on zebrafish embryos might be due to its disrupting effect on the functional regulation of the thyroid hormone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guiying Kang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China.
- , No. 996, Xilamulun Street, Keerqin District, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Chenglong Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Hua Lian
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Baoquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuanzhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China.
- , No. 996, Xilamulun Street, Keerqin District, Tongliao, 028000, China.
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Kelsh RN. Myron Gordon Award Lecture 2023: Painting the neural crest: How studying pigment cells illuminates neural crest cell biology. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023. [PMID: 38010612 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been 30 (!!) years since I began working on zebrafish pigment cells, as a postdoc in the laboratory of Prof. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard. There, I participated in the first large-scale mutagenesis screen in zebrafish, focusing on pigment cell mutant phenotypes. The isolation of colourless, shady, parade and choker mutants allowed us (as a postdoc in Prof. Judith Eisen's laboratory, and then in my own laboratory at the University of Bath since 1997) to pursue my ambition to address long-standing problems in the neural crest field. Thus, we have studied how neural crest cells choose individual fates, resulting in our recent proposal of a new, and potentially unifying, model which we call Cyclical Fate Restriction, as well as addressing how pigment cell patterns are generated. A key feature of our work in the last 10 years has been the use of mathematical modelling approaches to clarify our biological models and to refine our interpretations. None of this would have been possible without a hugely talented group of laboratory members and other collaborators from around the world-it has been, and I am sure will continue to be, a pleasure and privilege to work with you all!
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Kelsh
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Robinson CD, Hale MD, Wittman TN, Cox CL, John-Alder HB, Cox RM. Species differences in hormonally mediated gene expression underlie the evolutionary loss of sexually dimorphic coloration in Sceloporus lizards. J Hered 2023; 114:637-653. [PMID: 37498153 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic sexual dimorphism often involves the hormonal regulation of sex-biased expression for underlying genes. However, it is generally unknown whether the evolution of hormonally mediated sexual dimorphism occurs through upstream changes in tissue sensitivity to hormone signals, downstream changes in responsiveness of target genes, or both. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics to explore these possibilities in 2 species of Sceloporus lizards exhibiting different patterns of sexual dichromatism. Sexually dimorphic S. undulatus develops blue and black ventral coloration in response to testosterone, while sexually monomorphic S. virgatus does not, despite exhibiting similar sex differences in circulating testosterone levels. We administered testosterone implants to juveniles of each species and used RNAseq to quantify gene expression in ventral skin. Transcriptome-wide responses to testosterone were stronger in S. undulatus than in S. virgatus, suggesting species differences in tissue sensitivity to this hormone signal. Species differences in the expression of genes for androgen metabolism and sex hormone-binding globulin were consistent with this idea, but expression of the androgen receptor gene was higher in S. virgatus, complicating this interpretation. Downstream of androgen signaling, we found clear species differences in hormonal responsiveness of genes related to melanin synthesis, which were upregulated by testosterone in S. undulatus, but not in S. virgatus. Collectively, our results indicate that hormonal regulation of melanin synthesis pathways contributes to the development of sexual dimorphism in S. undulatus, and that changes in the hormonal responsiveness of these genes in S. virgatus contribute to the evolutionary loss of ventral coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Hale
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tyler N Wittman
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christian L Cox
- Florida International University, Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Henry B John-Alder
- Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Robert M Cox
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Katic L, Priscan A. Multifaceted Roles of ALK Family Receptors and Augmentor Ligands in Health and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1490. [PMID: 37892172 PMCID: PMC10605310 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review commemorates the 10-year anniversary of the discovery of physiological ligands Augα (Augmentor α; ALKAL2; Fam150b) and Augβ (Augmentor β; ALKAL1; Fam150a) for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK), previously considered orphan receptors. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the biophysical and cellular properties of ALK family receptors and their roles in cancer, metabolism, pain, ophthalmology, pigmentation, central nervous system (CNS) function, and reproduction. ALK and LTK receptors are implicated in the development of numerous cancers, and targeted inhibition of their signaling pathways can offer therapeutic benefits. Additionally, ALK family receptors are involved in regulating body weight and metabolism, modulating pain signaling, and contributing to eye development and pigmentation. In the CNS, these receptors play a role in synapse modulation, neurogenesis, and various psychiatric pathologies. Lastly, ALK expression is linked to reproductive functions, with potential implications for patients undergoing ALK inhibitor therapy. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions of ALK family receptors and Aug ligands and to repurpose targeted therapy for a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Katic
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside/West, 1000 Tenth Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anamarija Priscan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
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8
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Podobnik M, Singh AP, Fu Z, Dooley CM, Frohnhöfer HG, Firlej M, Stednitz SJ, Elhabashy H, Weyand S, Weir JR, Lu J, Nüsslein-Volhard C, Irion U. kcnj13 regulates pigment cell shapes in zebrafish and has diverged by cis-regulatory evolution between Danio species. Development 2023; 150:dev201627. [PMID: 37530080 PMCID: PMC10482006 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish of the genus Danio are excellent models to study the genetic and cellular bases of pigment pattern variation in vertebrates. The two sister species Danio rerio and Danio aesculapii show divergent patterns of horizontal stripes and vertical bars that are partly caused by the divergence of the potassium channel gene kcnj13. Here, we show that kcnj13 is required only in melanophores for interactions with xanthophores and iridophores, which cause location-specific pigment cell shapes and thereby influence colour pattern and contrast in D. rerio. Cis-regulatory rather than protein coding changes underlie kcnj13 divergence between the two Danio species. Our results suggest that homotypic and heterotypic interactions between the pigment cells and their shapes diverged between species by quantitative changes in kcnj13 expression during pigment pattern diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Podobnik
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ajeet P. Singh
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Fu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Christopher M. Dooley
- Department of Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Firlej
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah J. Stednitz
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hadeer Elhabashy
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Weyand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - John R. Weir
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | | | - Uwe Irion
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Acquaviva A, Nilofar, Bouyahya A, Zengin G, Di Simone SC, Recinella L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Uba AI, Cakilcioğlu U, Polat R, Darendelioglu E, Menghini L, Ferrante C, Libero ML, Orlando G, Chiavaroli A. Chemical Characterization of Different Extracts from Artemisia annua and Their Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300547. [PMID: 37306942 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae Family) is an important plant in Asia that has been used for treating different diseases, including fever due to malaria, wounds, tubercolisis, scabues, pain, convulsions, diabetes, and inflammation. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of different polarity extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water (70 %) and water) from A. annua against the burden of inflammation and oxidative stress occurring in colon tissue exposed to LPS. In parallel, chemical composition, antiradical, and enzyme inhibition effects against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterases were evaluated. The water extract contained the highest content of the total phenolic with 34.59 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract, while the hexane had the highest content of the total flavonoid (20.06 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g extract). In antioxidant assays, the polar extracts (ethanol, ethanol/water and water) exhibited stronger radical scavenging and reducing power abilities when compared to non-polar extracts. The hexane extract showed the best AChE, tyrosinase and glucosidase inhibitory effects. All extracts revealed effective anti-inflammatory agents, as demonstrated by the blunting effects on COX-2 and TNFα gene expression. These effects seemed to be not related to the only phenolic content. However, it is worthy of interest to highlight how the higher potency against LPS-induced gene expression was shown by the water extract ; thus suggesting a potential phytotherapy application in the management of clinical symptoms related to inflammatory colon diseases, although future in vivo studies are needed to confirm such in vitro and ex vivo observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nilofar
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, 34537, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ugur Cakilcioğlu
- Munzur University, Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Tunceli, Pertek, 62500, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Polat
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingol University, Bingöl, 12000, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Darendelioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Science and Art Faculty, Bingol University, Bingöl, 12000, Turkey
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Silva P, Atukorallaya D. Characterising the Effect of Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling on Melanocyte Development and Patterning: Insights from Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10692. [PMID: 37445870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model organism for studying melanocyte biology due to its remarkable similarity to humans. The Wnt signalling pathway is a conserved signal transduction pathway that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and regulates many aspects of the melanocyte lineage. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of Wnt signalling activity on zebrafish melanocyte development and patterning. Stereo-microscopic examinations were used to screen for changes in melanocyte count, specific phenotypic differences, and distribution in zebrafish, while microscopic software tools were used to analyse the differences in pigment dispersion of melanocytes exposed to LiCl (Wnt enhancer) and W-C59 (Wnt inhibitor). Samples exposed to W-C59 showed low melanocyte densities and defects in melanocyte phenotype and patterning, whereas LiCl exposure demonstrated a stimulatory effect on most aspects of melanocyte development. Our study demonstrates the crucial role of Wnt signalling in melanocyte lineage and emphasises the importance of a balanced Wnt signalling level for proper melanocyte development and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Silva
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
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11
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Tanwar J, Ahuja K, Sharma A, Sehgal P, Ranjan G, Sultan F, Priya A, Venkatesan M, Yenamandra VK, Singh A, Madesh M, Sivasubbu S, Motiani RK. Mitochondrial calcium signaling mediated transcriptional regulation of keratin filaments is a critical determinant of melanogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542250. [PMID: 37292659 PMCID: PMC10245956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile organelles that regulate several physiological functions. Many mitochondria-controlled processes are driven by mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling. However, role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in melanosome biology remains unknown. Here, we show that pigmentation requires mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. In vitro gain and loss of function studies demonstrated that Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) is crucial for melanogenesis while the MCU rheostats, MCUb and MICU1 negatively control melanogenesis. Zebrafish and mouse models showed that MCU plays a vital role in pigmentation in vivo. Mechanistically, MCU controls activation of transcription factor NFAT2 to induce expression of three keratins (keratin 5, 7 and 8), which we report as positive regulators of melanogenesis. Interestingly, keratin 5 in turn modulates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake thereby this signaling module acts as a negative feedback loop that fine-tunes both mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and melanogenesis. Mitoxantrone, an FDA approved drug that inhibits MCU, decreases physiological melanogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrates a critical role for mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in vertebrate pigmentation and reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting MCU for clinical management of pigmentary disorders. Given the centrality of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and keratin filaments in cellular physiology, this feedback loop may be functional in a variety of other pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Kriti Ahuja
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Paras Sehgal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Gyan Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Farina Sultan
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Anshu Priya
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yenamandra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
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12
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Watanabe M. Fish-specific N-terminal domain sequence in Connexin 39.4 plays an important role in zebrafish stripe formation by regulating the opening and closing of gap junctions and hemichannels. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130342. [PMID: 36889448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connexin 39.4 (Cx39.4) is involved in zebrafish (Danio rerio) skin patterning; when mutated, zebrafish exhibit a wavy stripe/labyrinth pattern instead of stripes. Cx39.4 is unique in that it has two additional serine/arginine (SR) residues, Ser2 and Arg3, at positions 2 and 3. Here, I investigated the role of these SR residues in Cx39.4 function. METHODS To examine the SR residues in Cx39.4, mutants of the SR residues were generated. Voltage-clamp recordings were performed using Xenopus oocytes to characterize the channel properties of the mutants. Transgenic zebrafish expressing each mutant were generated, and the effects of each mutation on fish skin patterning were evaluated. RESULTS The Cx39.4R3K mutant showed essentially the same properties as the wild-type (Cx39.4WT) in both electrophysiological analyses, leading to transgenic, complete phenotype rescue. Both the Cx39.4R3A mutant and deletion mutant of SR residues (Cx39.4delSR) showed a faster decay of gap junction activity and abnormal hemichannel activity, resulting in wide stripes and interstripes that indicate instability. Although the Cx39.4R3D mutant showed no channel activity in gap junctions or hemichannels, it caused unstable phenotypes in the transgene, namely a completely rescued phenotype in some individuals and loss of melanophores in others. CONCLUSIONS The SR residues in the NT domain of Cx39.4 are critical for the regulation of channel function, which appears to determine skin patterning. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results elucidate the roles of the two SR residues unique to the NT domain of Cx39.4 in its channel function, which is important for zebrafish stripe pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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13
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Zhang C, Ren Z, Gong Z. Generation of Albino Phenotype in Ornamental Fish by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of slc45a2 Gene. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:281-290. [PMID: 36917276 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Albinism is the most common color variation described in fish and is a fascinating trait of some ornamental fish species. Albino mutants can be generated by knocking out core genes affecting melanin synthesis like slc45a2 in several fish species. However, genetic mutation remains challenging for species with unknown genome information. In this study, we generated albino mutants in two selected ornamental fish species, royal farlowella (Sturisoma panamense), and redhead cichlid (Vieja melanura). For this purpose, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of fish slc45a2 sequences and identified a highly conserved region among different fish species. A pair of degenerate primers spanning this region was designed and used to amplify a conserved slc45a2 fragment of 340 bp from the two fish species. Based on the amplified sequences, a target site in the 6th exon was used for designing guide RNA and this targeted site was first verified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model for the effectiveness. Then, specific guide RNAs were designed for the two ornamental fish species and tested. Most of the injected larvae completely lost black pigment over the whole body and eyes. DNA sequencing confirmed a high degree of mutation at the targeted site. Overall, we described a fast and efficient method to generate albino phenotype in fish species by targeting the conserved 6th exon of slc45a2 gene for genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 and this approach could be a new genetic tool to generate desirable albino ornamental fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 250014, Jinan, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, 117558, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ziheng Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, 117558, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, 117558, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Subkhankulova T, Camargo Sosa K, Uroshlev LA, Nikaido M, Shriever N, Kasianov AS, Yang X, Rodrigues FSLM, Carney TJ, Bavister G, Schwetlick H, Dawes JHP, Rocco A, Makeev VJ, Kelsh RN. Zebrafish pigment cells develop directly from persistent highly multipotent progenitors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1258. [PMID: 36878908 PMCID: PMC9988989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells are highly multipotent stem cells, but it remains unclear how their fate restriction to specific fates occurs. The direct fate restriction model hypothesises that migrating cells maintain full multipotency, whilst progressive fate restriction envisages fully multipotent cells transitioning to partially-restricted intermediates before committing to individual fates. Using zebrafish pigment cell development as a model, we show applying NanoString hybridization single cell transcriptional profiling and RNAscope in situ hybridization that neural crest cells retain broad multipotency throughout migration and even in post-migratory cells in vivo, with no evidence for partially-restricted intermediates. We find that leukocyte tyrosine kinase early expression marks a multipotent stage, with signalling driving iridophore differentiation through repression of fate-specific transcription factors for other fates. We reconcile the direct and progressive fate restriction models by proposing that pigment cell development occurs directly, but dynamically, from a highly multipotent state, consistent with our recently-proposed Cyclical Fate Restriction model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Camargo Sosa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Leonid A Uroshlev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Gubkina 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Masataka Nikaido
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo Pref., 678-1297, Japan
| | - Noah Shriever
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Artem S Kasianov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Gubkina 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems (IITP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, build.1, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | | | - Thomas J Carney
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Yunnan Garden, 636921, Singapore
| | - Gemma Bavister
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hartmut Schwetlick
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jonathan H P Dawes
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Andrea Rocco
- Department of Microbial Sciences, FHMS, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, UK
- Department of Physics, FEPS, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, UK
| | - Vsevolod J Makeev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Gubkina 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
- Laboratory 'Regulatory Genomics', Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya street, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Robert N Kelsh
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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15
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Krug J, Perner B, Albertz C, Mörl H, Hopfenmüller VL, Englert C. Generation of a transparent killifish line through multiplex CRISPR/Cas9mediated gene inactivation. eLife 2023; 12:81549. [PMID: 36820520 PMCID: PMC10010688 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Body pigmentation is a limitation for in vivo imaging and thus for the performance of longitudinal studies in biomedicine. A possibility to circumvent this obstacle is the employment of pigmentation mutants, which are used in fish species like zebrafish and medaka. To address the basis of aging, the short-lived African killifish Nothobranchius furzeri has recently been established as a model organism. Despite its short lifespan, N. furzeri shows typical signs of mammalian aging including telomere shortening, accumulation of senescent cells, and loss of regenerative capacity. Here, we report the generation of a transparent N. furzeri line by the simultaneous inactivation of three key loci responsible for pigmentation. We demonstrate that this stable line, named klara, can serve as a tool for different applications including behavioral experiments and the establishment of a senescence reporter by integration of a fluorophore into the cdkn1a (p21) locus and in vivo microscopy of the resulting line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krug
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Birgit Perner
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
- Core Facility Imaging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Carolin Albertz
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Hanna Mörl
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Vera L Hopfenmüller
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
| | - Christoph Englert
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI)JenaGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJenaGermany
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16
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Shao W, Chang M, Emmerich K, Kanold PO, Mumm JS, Yi J. Mesoscopic oblique plane microscopy with a diffractive light-sheet for large-scale 4D cellular resolution imaging. OPTICA 2022; 9:1374-1385. [PMID: 38384442 PMCID: PMC10881189 DOI: 10.1364/optica.471101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of large-scale dynamic connectivity within a living organism requires volumetric imaging over a large field of view (FOV) at biologically relevant speed and resolution. However, most microscopy methods make trade-offs between FOV and axial resolution, making it challenging to observe highly dynamic processes at cellular resolution in 3D across mesoscopic scales (e.g., whole zebrafish larva). To overcome this limitation, we have developed mesoscopic oblique plane microscopy (Meso-OPM) with a diffractive light sheet. By augmenting the illumination angle of the light sheet with a transmission grating, we improved the axial resolution approximately sixfold over existing methods and approximately twofold beyond the diffraction limitation of the primary objective lens. We demonstrated a FOV up to 5.4 mm × 3.3 mm with resolution of 2.5 μm × 3 μm × 6 μm, allowing volumetric imaging of 3D cellular structures with a single scan. Applying Meso-OPM for in vivo imaging of zebrafish larvae, we report here in toto whole-body volumetric recordings of neuronal activity at 2 Hz volume rate and whole-body volumetric recordings of blood flow dynamics at 5 Hz with 3D cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Minzi Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Kevin Emmerich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Jeff S. Mumm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Ji Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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17
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Wang P, Xiong G, Zeng D, Zhang J, Ge L, Liu L, Wang X, Hu Y. Comparative transcriptome and miRNA analysis of skin pigmentation during embryonic development of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:801. [PMID: 36471254 PMCID: PMC9721069 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquatic animals show diverse body coloration, and the formation of animal body colour is a complicated process. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in many life processes. The role of miRNAs in pigmentation has been investigated in some species. However, the regulatory patterns of miRNAs in reptile pigmentation remain to be elucidated. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles to explore corresponding regulatory patterns in embryonic body colour formation in the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. RESULTS We identified 8 866 novel genes and 9 061 mature miRNAs in the skin of Chinese soft-shelled turtles in three embryonic stages (initial period: IP, middle period: MP, final period: FP). A total of 16 563 target genes of the miRNAs were identified. Furthermore, we identified 2 867, 1 840 and 4 290 different expression genes (DEGs) and 227, 158 and 678 different expression miRNAs (DEMs) in IP vs. MP, MP vs. FP, and IP vs. FP, respectively. Among which 72 genes and 25 miRNAs may be related to turtle pigmentation in embryonic development. Further analysis of the novel miRNA families revealed that some novel miRNAs related to pigmentation belong to the miR-7386, miR-138, miR-19 and miR-129 families. Novel_miR_2622 and novel_miR_2173 belong to the miR-19 family and target Kit and Gpnmb, respectively. The quantification of novel_miR_2622 and Kit revealed negative regulation, indicating that novel_miR_2622 may participate in embryonic pigmentation in P. sinensis by negatively regulating the expression of Kit. CONCLUSIONS miRNA act as master regulators of biological processes by controlling the expression of mRNAs. Considering their importance, the identified miRNAs and their target genes in Chinese soft-shelled turtle might be useful for investigating the molecular processes involved in pigmentation. All the results of this study may aid in the improvement of P. sinensis breeding traits for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Gang Xiong
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, 410127 Hunan China
| | - Dan Zeng
- grid.440778.80000 0004 1759 9670College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000 Hunan China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, 410127 Hunan China
| | - Lingrui Ge
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China ,Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, 410127 Hunan China
| | - Li Liu
- grid.449642.90000 0004 1761 026XSchool of Medical Technology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000 Hunan China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yazhou Hu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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18
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Rao C, Cao X, Li L, Zhou J, Sun D, Li B, Guo S, Yuan R, Cui H, Chen J. Bisphenol AF induces multiple behavioral and biochemical changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different life stages. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106345. [PMID: 36351319 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol AF (BPAF) raises potential concerns for aquatic organisms due to its widespread presence and continued release in the aquatic environment. This research aimed to use zebrafish embryos and adult fish to explore the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (5 μg/L), 50 μg/L and 500 μg/L of BPAF on zebrafish embryonic development, behavioral alterations, and the potential mechanisms driving these effects. The results showed that 500 μg/L of BPAF severely affected the growth and development of embryos. In behavioral experiments, all concentrations of BPAF significantly inhibited the locomotor activity of larvae, 50 and 500 μg/L BPAF significantly altered the anxiety-like and aggressive behavior of adult zebrafish. Furthermore, environmentally relevant concentrations and higher concentrations of BPAF induced varying degrees of oxidative stress in both embryonic and adult fish. The most significant histopathological changes and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were observed in the brain at 50 and 500 μg/L of BPAF. We hypothesized that oxidative stress is an important cause of behavioral disturbances in larvae and adult fish. To our best knowledge, the present experiment is a pioneer in studying the effects of BPAF on a variety of complex behaviors (swimming performance, anxiety-like, social behavior, aggression) in zebrafish, which emphasizes the potential health risk of higher concentrations of BPAF in terms of induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Han Cui
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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19
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Lu X, Zhang L, Wang G, Huang S, Zhang Y, Xie Y. The occurrence process of chromatophores in three body color strains of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-022-00563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Hou Y, Wang LJ, Jin YH, Guo RY, Yang L, Li EC, Zhang JL. Triphenyltin exposure induced abnormal morphological colouration in adult male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113912. [PMID: 35905627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fish morphological colouration is essential for their survival and reproduction success; however, it is vulnerable to environmental factors, such as pollutants. Triphenyltin (TPT) is widespread in aquatic ecosystems, and its impacts on fish have been problematic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TPT at environment-related concentrations (0, 1, 10 and 100 ng Sn/L) on morphological colouration in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). The results showed that TPT exposure affected both orange/red and dark morphological colouration in guppies. The faded orange/red colouration might be related to the decrease of coloured pteridine and Pts (6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase) expression. In addition, TPT exposure induced melanogenesis, however, much melanin was distributed diffusely in the skin and did not seem to form a spot pattern, giving the fish a dull appearance. According to the skin transcriptional profiles, the changes of dark morphological colouration might be related to the changes in genes related to the functions of melanosome components (Gpnmb, Slc45a2 and Tyr), construction (Ap3d1, Fig4, Hps3, Hps5, Lyst, Rabggta, Txndc5 and Vps33a), and transport (Rab27a). Additionally, genes related to the regulation of melanogenesis (Atrn and Pomc) and system effects (Atox1, Atp6ap2, Atp6v1f, Atp6v1h, Rpl24, Rps19 and Rps20) might also be involved in the molecular mechanisms of abnormal morphological colouration induced by TPT. The present study provides crucial data on the molecular basis of abnormal morphological colouration in fish exposed to TPT and underscores the importance of toxicological studies of the effects of pollutants in aquatic environments on fish morphological colouration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying-Hong Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rui-Ying Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Er-Chao Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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21
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Brunsdon H, Brombin A, Peterson S, Postlethwait JH, Patton EE. Aldh2 is a lineage-specific metabolic gatekeeper in melanocyte stem cells. Development 2022; 149:275182. [PMID: 35485397 PMCID: PMC9188749 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) in zebrafish serve as an on-demand source of melanocytes during growth and regeneration, but metabolic programs associated with their activation and regenerative processes are not well known. Here, using live imaging coupled with scRNA-sequencing, we discovered that, during regeneration, quiescent McSCs activate a dormant embryonic neural crest transcriptional program followed by an aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh) 2 metabolic switch to generate progeny. Unexpectedly, although ALDH2 is well known for its aldehyde-clearing mechanisms, we find that, in regenerating McSCs, Aldh2 activity is required to generate formate – the one-carbon (1C) building block for nucleotide biosynthesis – through formaldehyde metabolism. Consequently, we find that disrupting the 1C cycle with low doses of methotrexate causes melanocyte regeneration defects. In the absence of Aldh2, we find that purines are the metabolic end product sufficient for activated McSCs to generate progeny. Together, our work reveals McSCs undergo a two-step cell state transition during regeneration, and that the reaction products of Aldh2 enzymes have tissue-specific stem cell functions that meet metabolic demands in regeneration. Summary: In zebrafish melanocyte regeneration, quiescent McSCs respond by re-expressing a neural crest identity, followed by an Aldh2-dependent metabolic switch to generate progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Samuel Peterson
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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22
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Nishimura Y, Kurosawa K. Analysis of Gene-Environment Interactions Related to Developmental Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863664. [PMID: 35370658 PMCID: PMC8969575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various genetic and environmental factors are associated with developmental disorders (DDs). It has been suggested that interaction between genetic and environmental factors (G × E) is involved in the etiology of DDs. There are two major approaches to analyze the interaction: genome-wide and candidate gene-based approaches. In this mini-review, we demonstrate how these approaches can be applied to reveal the G × E related to DDs focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We also discuss novel approaches to analyze the G × E associated with DDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Clinical Dysmorphology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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23
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Méndez-Maldonado K, Velasco I, Aybar MJ. The crucial role of model systems in understanding the complexity of cell signaling in human neurocristopathies. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1537. [PMID: 35023327 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are useful to study the molecular, cellular, and morphogenetic mechanisms underlying normal and pathological development. Cell-based study models have emerged as an alternative approach to study many aspects of human embryonic development and disease. The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent, and migratory embryonic cell population that generates a diverse group of cell types that arises during vertebrate development. The abnormal formation or development of the NC results in neurocristopathies (NCPs), which are characterized by a broad spectrum of functional and morphological alterations. The impaired molecular mechanisms that give rise to these multiphenotypic diseases are not entirely clear yet. This fact, added to the high incidence of these disorders in the newborn population, has led to the development of systematic approaches for their understanding. In this article, we have systematically reviewed the ways in which experimentation with different animal and cell model systems has improved our knowledge of NCPs, and how these advances might contribute to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the treatment of these pathologies. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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24
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Brombin A, Simpson DJ, Travnickova J, Brunsdon H, Zeng Z, Lu Y, Young AIJ, Chandra T, Patton EE. Tfap2b specifies an embryonic melanocyte stem cell that retains adult multifate potential. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110234. [PMID: 35021087 PMCID: PMC8764619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, are replenished from multiple stem cell niches in adult tissue. Although pigmentation traits are known risk factors for melanoma, we know little about melanocyte stem cell (McSC) populations other than hair follicle McSCs and lack key lineage markers with which to identify McSCs and study their function. Here we find that Tfap2b and a select set of target genes specify an McSC population at the dorsal root ganglia in zebrafish. Functionally, Tfap2b is required for only a few late-stage embryonic melanocytes, and is essential for McSC-dependent melanocyte regeneration. Fate mapping data reveal that tfap2b+ McSCs have multifate potential, and are the cells of origin for large patches of adult melanocytes, two other pigment cell types (iridophores and xanthophores), and nerve-associated cells. Hence, Tfap2b confers McSC identity in early development, distinguishing McSCs from other neural crest and pigment cell lineages, and retains multifate potential in the adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel J Simpson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jana Travnickova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Yuting Lu
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Adelaide I J Young
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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25
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Adachi Y, Higuchi A, Wakai E, Shiromizu T, Koiwa J, Nishimura Y. Involvement of homeobox transcription factor Mohawk in palatogenesis. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2022; 62:27-37. [PMID: 34816492 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Palatogenesis is affected by many factors, including gene polymorphisms and exposure to toxic chemicals during sensitive developmental periods. Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies, and ongoing efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying palatogenesis are providing useful insights to reduce the risk of this disorder. To identify novel potential regulators of palatogenesis, we analyzed public transcriptome datasets from a mouse model of cleft palate caused by selective deletion of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) receptor type 2 in cranial neural crest cells. We identified the homeobox transcription factor Mohawk (Mkx) as a gene downregulated in the maxilla of TGFβ knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. To examine the role of mkx in palatogenesis, we used CRISPR/Cas9 editing to generate zebrafish with impaired expression of mkxa and mkxb, the zebrafish homologs of Mkx. We found that mkx crispants expressed reduced levels of gli1, a critical transcription factor in the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway that plays an important role in the regulation of palatogenesis. Furthermore, we found that mkxa-/- zebrafish were more susceptible than mkxa+/+ zebrafish to the deleterious effects of cyclopamine, an inhibitor of SHH signaling, on upper jaw development. These results suggest that Mkx may be involved in palatogenesis regulated by TGFβ and SHH signaling, and that impairment in Mkx function may be related to the etiology of cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Adachi
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Aina Higuchi
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Eri Wakai
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Junko Koiwa
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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26
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Dawes JHP, Kelsh RN. Cell Fate Decisions in the Neural Crest, from Pigment Cell to Neural Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13531. [PMID: 34948326 PMCID: PMC8706606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest shows an astonishing multipotency, generating multiple neural derivatives, but also pigment cells, skeletogenic and other cell types. The question of how this process is controlled has been the subject of an ongoing debate for more than 35 years. Based upon new observations of zebrafish pigment cell development, we have recently proposed a novel, dynamic model that we believe goes some way to resolving the controversy. Here, we will firstly summarize the traditional models and the conflicts between them, before outlining our novel model. We will also examine our recent dynamic modelling studies, looking at how these reveal behaviors compatible with the biology proposed. We will then outline some of the implications of our model, looking at how it might modify our views of the processes of fate specification, differentiation, and commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. P. Dawes
- Centre for Networks and Collective Behaviour, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Robert N. Kelsh
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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27
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Sutton G, Kelsh RN, Scholpp S. Review: The Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling in Neural Crest Development in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:782445. [PMID: 34912811 PMCID: PMC8667473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.782445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent cell population in vertebrate embryos with extraordinary migratory capacity. The NC is crucial for vertebrate development and forms a myriad of cell derivatives throughout the body, including pigment cells, neuronal cells of the peripheral nervous system, cardiomyocytes and skeletogenic cells in craniofacial tissue. NC induction occurs at the end of gastrulation when the multipotent population of NC progenitors emerges in the ectodermal germ layer in the neural plate border region. In the process of NC fate specification, fate-specific markers are expressed in multipotent progenitors, which subsequently adopt a specific fate. Thus, NC cells delaminate from the neural plate border and migrate extensively throughout the embryo until they differentiate into various cell derivatives. Multiple signalling pathways regulate the processes of NC induction and specification. This review explores the ongoing role of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway during NC development, focusing on research undertaken in the Teleost model organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We discuss the function of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in inducing the NC within the neural plate border and the specification of melanocytes from the NC. The current understanding of NC development suggests a continual role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in activating and maintaining the gene regulatory network during NC induction and pigment cell specification. We relate this to emerging models and hypotheses on NC fate restriction. Finally, we highlight the ongoing challenges facing NC research, current gaps in knowledge, and this field's potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sutton
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Kelsh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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28
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Genetic basis of orange spot formation in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:211. [PMID: 34823475 PMCID: PMC8613973 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand the evolutionary significance of female mate choice for colorful male ornamentation, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of such ornamentation must be understood for examining how the ornaments are associated with “male qualities” that increase the fitness or sexual attractiveness of offspring. In the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an established model system for research on sexual selection, females prefer males possessing larger and more highly saturated orange spots as potential mates. Although previous studies have identified some chromosome regions and genes associated with orange spot formation, the regulation and involvement of these genetic elements in orange spot formation have not been elucidated. In this study, the expression patterns of genes specific to orange spots and certain color developmental stages were investigated using RNA-seq to reveal the genetic basis of orange spot formation. Results Comparing the gene expression levels of male guppy skin with orange spots (orange skin) with those without any color spots (dull skin) from the same individuals identified 1102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 630 upregulated genes and 472 downregulated genes in the orange skin. Additionally, the gene expression levels of the whole trunk skin were compared among the three developmental stages and 2247 genes were identified as DEGs according to color development. These analyses indicated that secondary differentiation of xanthophores may affect orange spot formation. Conclusions The results suggested that orange spots might be formed by secondary differentiation, rather than de novo generation, of xanthophores, which is induced by Csf1 and thyroid hormone signaling pathways. Furthermore, we suggested candidate genes associated with the areas and saturation levels of orange spots, which are both believed to be important for female mate choice and independently regulated. This study provides insights into the genetic and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying orange spot formation, which would help to elucidate how these processes are evolutionarily maintained as ornamental traits relevant to sexual selection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01942-2.
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29
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Salis P, Lee S, Roux N, Lecchini D, Laudet V. The real Nemo movie: Description of embryonic development in Amphiprion ocellaris from first division to hatching. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1651-1667. [PMID: 33899313 PMCID: PMC8597122 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphiprion ocellaris is one of the rare reef fish species that can be reared in aquaria. It is increasingly used as a model species for Eco-Evo-Devo. Therefore, it is important to have an embryonic development table based on high quality images that will allow for standardized sampling by the scientific community. RESULTS Here we provide high-resolution time-lapse videos to accompany a detailed description of embryonic development in A ocellaris. We describe a series of developmental stages and we define six broad periods of embryogenesis: zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and organogenesis that we further subdivide into 32 stages. These periods highlight the changing spectrum of major developmental processes that occur during embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS We provide an easy system for the determination of embryonic stages, enabling the development of A ocellaris as a coral reef fish model species. This work will facilitate evolutionary development studies, in particular studies of the relationship between climate change and developmental trajectories in the context of coral reefs. Thanks to its lifestyle, complex behavior, and ecology, A ocellaris will undoubtedly become a very attractive model in a wide range of biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOMSorbonne Université ParisBanyuls‐sur‐MerFrance
- EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBEPSL UniversityMooreaFrench Polynesia
| | - Shu‐hua Lee
- Lab of Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo, Marine Research StationInstitute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOMSorbonne Université ParisBanyuls‐sur‐MerFrance
| | - David Lecchini
- EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBEPSL UniversityMooreaFrench Polynesia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Lab of Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo, Marine Research StationInstitute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Marine Eco‐Evo‐Devo UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOnna sonOkinawaJapan
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30
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Higuchi A, Wakai E, Tada T, Koiwa J, Adachi Y, Shiromizu T, Goto H, Tanaka T, Nishimura Y. Generation of a Transgenic Zebrafish Line for In Vivo Assessment of Hepatic Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111117. [PMID: 34832899 PMCID: PMC8618266 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic apoptosis is involved in a variety of pathophysiologic conditions in the liver, including hepatitis, steatosis, and drug-induced liver injury. The development of easy-to-perform and reliable in vivo assays would thus greatly enhance the efforts to understand liver diseases and identify associated genes and potential drugs. In this study, we developed a transgenic zebrafish line that was suitable for the assessment of caspase 3 activity in the liver by using in vivo fluorescence imaging. The larvae of transgenic zebrafish dominantly expressed Casper3GR in the liver under control of the promoter of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 gene. Casper3GR is composed of two fluorescent proteins, tagGFP and tagRFP, which are connected via a peptide linker that can be cleaved by activated caspase 3. Under tagGFP excitation conditions in zebrafish that were exposed to the well-characterized hepatotoxicant isoniazid, we detected increased and decreased fluorescence associated with tagGFP and tagRFP, respectively. This result suggests that isoniazid activates caspase 3 in the zebrafish liver, which digests the linker between tagGFP and tagRFP, resulting in a reduction in the Förster resonance energy transfer to tagRFP upon tagGFP excitation. We also detected isoniazid-induced inhibition of caspase 3 activity in zebrafish that were treated with the hepatoprotectants ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid. The transgenic zebrafish that were developed in this study could be a powerful tool for identifying both hepatotoxic and hepatoprotective drugs, as well as for analyzing the effects of the genes of interest to hepatic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Higuchi
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Eri Wakai
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomoko Tada
- Ise Red Cross Hospital, Ise 516-8512, Mie, Japan;
| | - Junko Koiwa
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuka Adachi
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Hidemasa Goto
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (A.H.); (E.W.); (J.K.); (Y.A.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Katz SR, Yakovlev MA, Vanselow DJ, Ding Y, Lin AY, Parkinson DY, Wang Y, Canfield VA, Ang KC, Cheng KC. Whole-organism 3D quantitative characterization of zebrafish melanin by silver deposition micro-CT. eLife 2021; 10:68920. [PMID: 34528510 PMCID: PMC8445617 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously described X-ray histotomography, a high-resolution, non-destructive form of X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) imaging customized for three-dimensional (3D), digital histology, allowing quantitative, volumetric tissue and organismal phenotyping (Ding et al., 2019). Here, we have combined micro-CT with a novel application of ionic silver staining to characterize melanin distribution in whole zebrafish larvae. The resulting images enabled whole-body, computational analyses of regional melanin content and morphology. Normalized micro-CT reconstructions of silver-stained fish consistently reproduced pigment patterns seen by light microscopy, and further allowed direct quantitative comparisons of melanin content across wild-type and mutant samples, including subtle phenotypes not previously noticed. Silver staining of melanin for micro-CT provides proof-of-principle for whole-body, 3D computational phenomic analysis of a specific cell type at cellular resolution, with potential applications in other model organisms and melanocytic neoplasms. Advances such as this in whole-organism, high-resolution phenotyping provide superior context for studying the phenotypic effects of genetic, disease, and environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Katz
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Maksim A Yakovlev
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Daniel J Vanselow
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Yifu Ding
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Alex Y Lin
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | | | - Yuxin Wang
- Mobile Imaging Innovations, Inc, Palatine, United States
| | - Victor A Canfield
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Khai C Ang
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,Zebrafish Functional Genomics Core, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
| | - Keith C Cheng
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States.,Zebrafish Functional Genomics Core, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
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32
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Bian C, Li R, Wen Z, Ge W, Shi Q. Phylogenetic Analysis of Core Melanin Synthesis Genes Provides Novel Insights Into the Molecular Basis of Albinism in Fish. Front Genet 2021; 12:707228. [PMID: 34422008 PMCID: PMC8371935 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.707228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is the most prevalent pigment in animals. Its synthesis involves a series of functional genes. Particularly, teleosts have more copies of these genes related to the melanin synthesis than tetrapods. Despite the increasing number of available vertebrate genomes, a few systematically genomic studies were reported to identify and compare these core genes for the melanin synthesis. Here, we performed a comparative genomic analysis on several core genes, including tyrosinase genes (tyr, tyrp1, and tyrp2), premelanosome protein (pmel), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf), and solute carrier family 24 member 5 (slc24a5), based on 90 representative vertebrate genomes. Gene number and mutation identification suggest that loss-of-function mutations in these core genes may interact to generate an albinism phenotype. We found nonsense mutations in tyrp1a and pmelb of an albino golden-line barbel fish, in pmelb of an albino deep-sea snailfish (Pseudoliparis swirei), in slc24a5 of cave-restricted Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus, cavefish population), and in mitf of a transparent icefish (Protosalanx hyalocranius). Convergent evolution may explain this phenomenon since nonsense mutations in these core genes for melanin synthesis have been identified across diverse albino fishes. These newly identified nonsense mutations and gene loss will provide molecular guidance for ornamental fish breeding, further enhancing our in-depth understanding of human skin coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bian
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, University of Macau, Taipa, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, Beijing Genomics Institute, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihan Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, Beijing Genomics Institute, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyong Wen
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, Beijing Genomics Institute, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, Beijing Genomics Institute, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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33
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Conservation of Zebrafish MicroRNA-145 and Its Role during Neural Crest Cell Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071023. [PMID: 34209401 PMCID: PMC8306979 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a multipotent cell population that develops from the dorsal neural fold of vertebrate embryos in order to migrate extensively and differentiate into a variety of tissues. A number of gene regulatory networks coordinating neural crest cell specification and differentiation have been extensively studied to date. Although several publications suggest a common role for microRNA-145 (miR-145) in molecular reprogramming for cell cycle regulation and/or cellular differentiation, little is known about its role during in vivo cranial neural crest development. By modifying miR-145 levels in zebrafish embryos, abnormal craniofacial development and aberrant pigmentation phenotypes were detected. By whole-mount in situ hybridization, changes in expression patterns of col2a1a and Sry-related HMG box (Sox) transcription factors sox9a and sox9b were observed in overexpressed miR-145 embryos. In agreement, zebrafish sox9b expression was downregulated by miR-145 overexpression. In silico and in vivo analysis of the sox9b 3′UTR revealed a conserved potential miR-145 binding site likely involved in its post-transcriptional regulation. Based on these findings, we speculate that miR-145 participates in the gene regulatory network governing zebrafish chondrocyte differentiation by controlling sox9b expression.
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Klann M, Mercader M, Carlu L, Hayashi K, Reimer JD, Laudet V. Variation on a theme: pigmentation variants and mutants of anemonefish. EvoDevo 2021; 12:8. [PMID: 34147131 PMCID: PMC8214269 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation patterning systems are of great interest to understand how changes in developmental mechanisms can lead to a wide variety of patterns. These patterns are often conspicuous, but their origins remain elusive for many marine fish species. Dismantling a biological system allows a better understanding of the required components and the deciphering of how such complex systems are established and function. Valuable information can be obtained from detailed analyses and comparisons of pigmentation patterns of mutants and/or variants from normal patterns. Anemonefishes have been popular marine fish in aquaculture for many years, which has led to the isolation of several mutant lines, and in particular color alterations, that have become very popular in the pet trade. Additionally, scattered information about naturally occurring aberrant anemonefish is available on various websites and image platforms. In this review, the available information on anemonefish color pattern alterations has been gathered and compiled in order to characterize and compare different mutations. With the global picture of anemonefish mutants and variants emerging from this, such as presence or absence of certain phenotypes, information on the patterning system itself can be gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Klann
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Manon Mercader
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Lilian Carlu
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kina Hayashi
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Lab, Graduate School of the Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Lab, Graduate School of the Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd, Jiau Shi, I-Lan 262, I-Lan, Taiwan.
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35
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Wang C, Lu B, Li T, Liang G, Xu M, Liu X, Tao W, Zhou L, Kocher TD, Wang D. Nile Tilapia: A Model for Studying Teleost Color Patterns. J Hered 2021; 112:469-484. [PMID: 34027978 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse color patterns of cichlid fishes play an important role in mate choice and speciation. Here we develop the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a model system for studying the developmental genetics of cichlid color patterns. We identified 4 types of pigment cells: melanophores, xanthophores, iridophores and erythrophores, and characterized their first appearance in wild-type fish. We mutated 25 genes involved in melanogenesis, pteridine metabolism, and the carotenoid absorption and cleavage pathways. Among the 25 mutated genes, 13 genes had a phenotype in both the F0 and F2 generations. None of F1 heterozygotes had phenotype. By comparing the color pattern of our mutants with that of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp), a natural mutant produced during hybridization of tilapia species, we found that the pigmentation of the body and eye is controlled by different genes. Previously studied genes like mitf, kita/kitlga, pmel, tyrb, hps4, gch2, csf1ra, pax7b, and bco2b were proved to be of great significance for color patterning in tilapia. Our results suggested that tilapia, a fish with 4 types of pigment cells and a vertically barred wild-type color pattern, together with various natural and artificially induced color gene mutants, can serve as an excellent model system for study color patterning in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- the Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Chen H, Wang J, Du J, Mandal BK, Si Z, Xu X, Yang H, Wang C. Analysis of recently duplicated TYRP1 genes and their effect on the formation of black patches in Oujiang-color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color). Anim Genet 2021; 52:451-460. [PMID: 33939849 DOI: 10.1111/age.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tyrp1 gene, as a member of the tyrosinase family, has undergone a recent duplication event during fourth-round whole genome duplication in common carp. In this research, three Tyrp1 genes were identified in Oujiang-color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color). The similar expression patterns and close phylogenetic relationship indicated that Tyrp1c is homologous to Tyrp1b and possibly originated from the ancient Tyrp1b. The rates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution (Ka /Ks ) in Tyrp1 across teleost phylogeny indicated that Tyrp1a is more likely to be in the process of purifying selection. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the Tyrp1 genes in zebrafish and the WB (black patches on white skin) strain of Oujiang-color common carp. The Tyrp1 loss of function variants in zebrafish and WB carp showed severe melanin deficiency in the skin. Meanwhile, inactivation of a single Tyrp1 gene did not obstruct melanin synthesis, which proved that the functional redundancy of Tyrp1 genes existed in both zebrafish and Oujiang-color common carp. Among the mosaic individuals with Tyrp1 genes in disrupted-color common carp, various mutations in Tyrp1b gene induced gray or brown phenotypes, suggesting that it may be bifunctional in Oujiang-color common carp. In addition, the phenotype of WB variants was different from that of WW (whole white skin), suggesting that Tyrp1 genes were not the key factor that caused the difference between WB and WW.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - J Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - B K Mandal
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zh Si
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - X Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ch Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
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P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Tariquidar Plays an Important Regulatory Role in Pigmentation in Larval Zebrafish. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030690. [PMID: 33804686 PMCID: PMC8003715 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model in studies dealing with pigment development and pathobiology of pigment diseases. Due to its conserved pigment pattern with established genetic background, the zebrafish is used for screening of active compounds influencing melanophore, iridophore, and xanthophore development and differentiation. In our study, zebrafish embryos and larvae were used to investigate the influence of third-generation noncompetitive P-glycoprotein inhibitor, tariquidar (TQR), on pigmentation, including phenotype effects and changes in gene expression of chosen chromatophore differentiation markers. Five-day exposure to increasing TQR concentrations (1 µM, 10 µM, and 50 µM) resulted in a dose-dependent augmentation of the area covered with melanophores but a reduction in the area covered by iridophores. The observations were performed in three distinct regions-the eye, dorsal head, and tail. Moreover, TQR enhanced melanophore renewal after depigmentation caused by 0.2 mM 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) treatment. qPCR analysis performed in 56-h post-fertilization (hpf) embryos demonstrated differential expression patterns of genes related to pigment development and differentiation. The most substantial findings include those indicating that TQR had no significant influence on leukocyte tyrosine kinase, GTP cyclohydrolase 2, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and forkhead box D3, however, markedly upregulated tyrosinase, dopachrome tautomerase and melanocyte inducing transcription factor, and downregulated purine nucleoside phosphorylase 4a. The present study suggests that TQR is an agent with multidirectional properties toward pigment cell formation and distribution in the zebrafish larvae and therefore points to the involvement of P-glycoprotein in this process.
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Lin X, Tian C, Huang Y, Shi H, Li G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes Related to Black-Spotted Pattern Formation in Spotted Scat ( Scatophagus argus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030765. [PMID: 33802016 PMCID: PMC8001731 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is a commercially important marine aquaculture and ornamental fish species in China and East Asian countries. There are dozens of black spots on each side of the body, and the caudal fin, which is yellow and black, is appreciated in ornamental fish markets. To explore the genetic mechanisms of its pattern formation, we found 2357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the transcriptome in the black-spotted skin, non-spotted skin and caudal fin in S. argus. The results will expand our knowledge about the molecular mechanism of important genes and pathways associated with pigment pattern formation and provide a certain theoretical basis for the molecular breeding in S. argus. Abstract Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is an economically important marine aquaculture and ornamental fish species in Asia, especially in southeast China. In this study, skin transcriptomes of S. argus were obtained for three types of skin, including black-spotted skin (A), non-spotted skin (B) and caudal fin (C). A total of nine complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were obtained by Illumina sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 1358, 2086 and 487 genes were differentially expressed between A and B, A and C, and B and C, respectively. The results revealed that there were 134 common significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and several key genes related to pigment synthesis and pigmentation, including tyrp1, mitf, pmel, slc7a2, tjp1, hsp70 and mart-1. Of these, some DEGs were associated with pigmentation-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, such as tyrosine metabolism, melanogenesis, the Wnt signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The results will facilitate understanding the molecular mechanisms of skin pigmentation differentiation in S. argus and provide valuable information for skin coloration, especially the formation of spotted patterns on other marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhan Lin
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.L.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (H.S.)
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Changxu Tian
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.L.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (H.S.)
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.L.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (H.S.)
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.L.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (H.S.)
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.L.); (C.T.); (Y.H.); (H.S.)
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-759-2383124; Fax: +86-759-2382459
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De Oliveira J, Chadili E, Turies C, Brion F, Cousin X, Hinfray N. A comparison of behavioral and reproductive parameters between wild-type, transgenic and mutant zebrafish: Could they all be considered the same "zebrafish" for reglementary assays on endocrine disruption? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108879. [PMID: 32877737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic zebrafish models are efficiently used to study the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC); thereby informing on their mechanisms of action. However, given the reported differences between zebrafish strains at the genetical, physiological and behavioral levels; care should be taken before using these transgenic models for EDC testing. In the present study, we undertook a set of experiments in different transgenic and/or mutant zebrafish strains of interest for EDC testing: casper, cyp19a1a-eGFP, cyp19a1a-eGFP-casper, cyp11c1-eGFP, cyp11c1-eGFP-casper. Some behavioral traits, and some biochemical and reproductive physiological endpoints commonly used in EDC testing were assessed and compared to those obtained in WT AB zebrafish to ensure that transgene insertion and/or mutations do not negatively modify basal reproductive physiology or behavior of the fish. Behavioral traits considered as anxiety and sociality have been monitored. Sociality was evaluated by monitoring the time spent near congeners in a shuttle box while anxiety was evaluated using the Novel tank diving test. No critical difference was observed between strains for either sociality or anxiety level. Concerning reproduction, no significant difference in the number of eggs laid per female, in the viability of eggs or in the female circulating VTG concentrations was noted between the 5 transgenic/mutants and the WT AB zebrafish studied. In summary, the transgene insertion and the mutations had no influence on the endpoints measured in basal conditions. These results were a prerequisite to the use of these transgenic/mutant models for EDC testing. Next step will be to determine the sensitivity of these biological models to chemical exposure to accurately validate their use in existing fish assays for EDC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie De Oliveira
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Edith Chadili
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Cyril Turies
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - François Brion
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France; Univ. Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, France
| | - Nathalie Hinfray
- INERIS, Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR I-02 SEBIO, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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Ullate-Agote A, Burgelin I, Debry A, Langrez C, Montange F, Peraldi R, Daraspe J, Kaessmann H, Milinkovitch MC, Tzika AC. Genome mapping of a LYST mutation in corn snakes indicates that vertebrate chromatophore vesicles are lysosome-related organelles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26307-26317. [PMID: 33020272 PMCID: PMC7584913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003724117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reptiles exhibit a spectacular diversity of skin colors and patterns brought about by the interactions among three chromatophore types: black melanophores with melanin-packed melanosomes, red and yellow xanthophores with pteridine- and/or carotenoid-containing vesicles, and iridophores filled with light-reflecting platelets generating structural colors. Whereas the melanosome, the only color-producing endosome in mammals and birds, has been documented as a lysosome-related organelle, the maturation paths of xanthosomes and iridosomes are unknown. Here, we first use 10x Genomics linked-reads and optical mapping to assemble and annotate a nearly chromosome-quality genome of the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus The assembly is 1.71 Gb long, with an N50 of 16.8 Mb and L50 of 24. Second, we perform mapping-by-sequencing analyses and identify a 3.9-Mb genomic interval where the lavender variant resides. The lavender color morph in corn snakes is characterized by gray, rather than red, blotches on a pink, instead of orange, background. Third, our sequencing analyses reveal a single nucleotide polymorphism introducing a premature stop codon in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST) that shortens the corresponding protein by 603 amino acids and removes evolutionary-conserved domains. Fourth, we use light and transmission electron microscopy comparative analyses of wild type versus lavender corn snakes and show that the color-producing endosomes of all chromatophores are substantially affected in the LYST mutant. Our work provides evidence characterizing xanthosomes in xanthophores and iridosomes in iridophores as lysosome-related organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Ullate-Agote
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Burgelin
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Debry
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carine Langrez
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florent Montange
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigue Peraldi
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Daraspe
- Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel C Milinkovitch
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Athanasia C Tzika
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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41
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Zhang C, Ren Z, Gong Z. Transgenic Expression and Genome Editing by Electroporation of Zebrafish Embryos. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:644-650. [PMID: 32748174 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microinjection is predominantly used to produce genetically modified fish. However, there are certain difficulties involved in some fish species. In this study, we tested an alternative method to produce genetically modified zebrafish by delivering DNA and other materials into embryos by electroporation. We optimized the electroporation conditions of a square wave electroporation system that work efficiently for the introduction of plasmid DNA, recombinant Cas9 nuclease and synthetic dual guide RNAs. Transgenic expression was observed in a wide range of tissues, which is comparable with those obtained by microinjection. We further determined that efficient gene delivery can be achieved during the cleavage stage. This study describes detailed electroporation parameters for gene delivery with high efficiency and low toxicity, providing a novel method to generate transgenic lines and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Ziheng Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Sciences Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
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Liang Y, Meyer A, Kratochwil CF. Neural innervation as a potential trigger of morphological color change and sexual dimorphism in cichlid fish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12329. [PMID: 32704058 PMCID: PMC7378239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species change their coloration during ontogeny or even as adults. Color change hereby often serves as sexual or status signal. The cellular and subcellular changes that drive color change and how they are orchestrated have been barely understood, but a deeper knowledge of the underlying processes is important to our understanding of how such plastic changes develop and evolve. Here we studied the color change of the Malawi golden cichlid (Melanchromis auratus). Females and subordinate males of this species are yellow and white with two prominent black stripes (yellow morph; female and non-breeding male coloration), while dominant males change their color and completely invert this pattern with the yellow and white regions becoming black, and the black stripes becoming white to iridescent blue (dark morph; male breeding coloration). A comparison of the two morphs reveals that substantial changes across multiple levels of biological organization underlie this polyphenism. These include changes in pigment cell (chromatophore) number, intracellular dispersal of pigments, and tilting of reflective platelets (iridosomes) within iridophores. At the transcriptional level, we find differences in pigmentation gene expression between these two color morphs but, surprisingly, 80% of the genes overexpressed in the dark morph relate to neuronal processes including synapse formation. Nerve fiber staining confirms that scales of the dark morph are indeed innervated by 1.3 to 2 times more axonal fibers. Our results might suggest an instructive role of nervous innervation orchestrating the complex cellular and ultrastructural changes that drive the morphological color change of this cichlid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Liang
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Claudius F Kratochwil
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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Thyroid hormone receptors mediate two distinct mechanisms of long-wavelength vision. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15262-15269. [PMID: 32541022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920086117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays an important role in the regulation of long-wavelength vision in vertebrates. In the retina, thyroid hormone receptor β (thrb) is required for expression of long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (lws) in red cone photoreceptors, while in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), TH regulates expression of a cytochrome P450 enzyme, cyp27c1, that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2 to produce a red-shifted chromophore. To better understand how TH controls these processes, we analyzed the phenotype of zebrafish with mutations in the three known TH nuclear receptor transcription factors (thraa, thrab, and thrb). We found that no single TH nuclear receptor is required for TH-mediated induction of cyp27c1 but that deletion of all three (thraa -/- ;thrab -/- ;thrb -/- ) completely abrogates its induction and the resulting conversion of A1- to A2-based retinoids. In the retina, loss of thrb resulted in an absence of red cones at both larval and adult stages without disruption of the underlying cone mosaic. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant down-regulation of only five genes in adult thrb -/- retina, of which three (lws1, lws2, and miR-726) occur in a single syntenic cluster. In the thrb -/- retina, retinal progenitors destined to become red cones were transfated into ultraviolet (UV) cones and horizontal cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate cooperative regulation of cyp27c1 by TH receptors and a requirement for thrb in red cone fate determination. Thus, TH signaling coordinately regulates both spectral sensitivity and sensory plasticity.
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Haupaix N, Manceau M. The embryonic origin of periodic color patterns. Dev Biol 2020; 460:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Di Giaimo R, Durovic T, Barquin P, Kociaj A, Lepko T, Aschenbroich S, Breunig CT, Irmler M, Cernilogar FM, Schotta G, Barbosa JS, Trümbach D, Baumgart EV, Neuner AM, Beckers J, Wurst W, Stricker SH, Ninkovic J. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway Defines the Time Frame for Restorative Neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3241-3251.e5. [PMID: 30566853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have a high capacity to replace lost neurons after brain injury. New neurons involved in repair are generated by a specific set of glial cells, known as ependymoglial cells. We analyze changes in the transcriptome of ependymoglial cells and their progeny after injury to infer the molecular pathways governing restorative neurogenesis. We identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a regulator of ependymoglia differentiation toward post-mitotic neurons. In vivo imaging shows that high AhR signaling promotes the direct conversion of a specific subset of ependymoglia into post-mitotic neurons, while low AhR signaling promotes ependymoglial proliferation. Interestingly, we observe the inactivation of AhR signaling shortly after injury followed by a return to the basal levels 7 days post injury. Interference with timely AhR regulation after injury leads to aberrant restorative neurogenesis. Taken together, we identify AhR signaling as a crucial regulator of restorative neurogenesis timing in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Giaimo
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Tamara Durovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biomedical Center of LMU, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Pablo Barquin
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anita Kociaj
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biomedical Center of LMU, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Tjasa Lepko
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biomedical Center of LMU, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Sven Aschenbroich
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biomedical Center of LMU, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Christopher T Breunig
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, 82152 Munich, Germany; Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Filippo M Cernilogar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM), 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Joana S Barbosa
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Andrea M Neuner
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, 82152 Munich, Germany; Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, 82152 Planegg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 82152 Planegg, Germany; Chair of Developmental Genetics, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Stefan H Stricker
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, 82152 Munich, Germany; Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department for Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center of LMU, 82152 Planegg, Munich, Germany.
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Rocha M, Singh N, Ahsan K, Beiriger A, Prince VE. Neural crest development: insights from the zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:88-111. [PMID: 31591788 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, is built upon studies of multiple model organisms. Early research on neural crest cells (NCCs) was dominated by analyses of accessible amphibian and avian embryos, with mouse genetics providing complementary insights in more recent years. The zebrafish model is a relative newcomer to the field, yet it offers unparalleled advantages for the study of NCCs. Specifically, zebrafish provide powerful genetic and transgenic tools, coupled with rapidly developing transparent embryos that are ideal for high-resolution real-time imaging of the dynamic process of neural crest development. While the broad principles of neural crest development are largely conserved across vertebrate species, there are critical differences in anatomy, morphogenesis, and genetics that must be considered before information from one model is extrapolated to another. Here, our goal is to provide the reader with a helpful primer specific to neural crest development in the zebrafish model. We focus largely on the earliest events-specification, delamination, and migration-discussing what is known about zebrafish NCC development and how it differs from NCC development in non-teleost species, as well as highlighting current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rocha
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Noor Singh
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kamil Ahsan
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anastasia Beiriger
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Corallo D, Donadon M, Pantile M, Sidarovich V, Cocchi S, Ori M, De Sarlo M, Candiani S, Frasson C, Distel M, Quattrone A, Zanon C, Basso G, Tonini GP, Aveic S. LIN28B increases neural crest cell migration and leads to transformation of trunk sympathoadrenal precursors. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1225-1242. [PMID: 31601998 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein LIN28B regulates developmental timing and determines stem cell identity by suppressing the let-7 family of microRNAs. Postembryonic reactivation of LIN28B impairs cell commitment to differentiation, prompting their transformation. In this study, we assessed the extent to which ectopic lin28b expression modulates the physiological behavior of neural crest cells (NCC) and governs their transformation in the trunk region of developing embryos. We provide evidence that the overexpression of lin28b inhibits sympathoadrenal cell differentiation and accelerates NCC migration in two vertebrate models, Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio. Our results highlight the relevance of ITGA5 and ITGA6 in the LIN28B-dependent regulation of the invasive motility of tumor cells. The results also establish that LIN28B overexpression supports neuroblastoma onset and the metastatic potential of malignant cells through let-7a-dependent and let-7a-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Corallo
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.
| | - Michael Donadon
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Pantile
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Viktoryia Sidarovich
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Simona Cocchi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Ori
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriam De Sarlo
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Wien, Austria
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Women and Child Health, Haematology-Oncology Clinic, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy. .,Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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Koiwa J, Shiromizu T, Adachi Y, Ikejiri M, Nakatani K, Tanaka T, Nishimura Y. Generation of a Triple-Transgenic Zebrafish Line for Assessment of Developmental Neurotoxicity during Neuronal Differentiation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E145. [PMID: 31554324 PMCID: PMC6958351 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Exposure to neurotoxicants during development has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Various screening methods have been used to assess the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemicals, with most assays focusing on cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, neuronal differentiation, and neuronal network formation. However, assessment of toxicity during progenitor cell differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes often requires immunohistochemistry, which is a reliable but labor-intensive and time-consuming assay. Here, we report the development of a triple-transgenic zebrafish line that expresses distinct fluorescent proteins in neurons (Cerulean), astrocytes (mCherry), and oligodendrocytes (mCitrine), which can be used to detect DNT during neuronal differentiation. Using in vivo fluorescence microscopy, we could detect DNT by 6 of the 10 neurotoxicants tested after exposure to zebrafish from 12 h to 5 days' post-fertilization. Moreover, the chemicals could be clustered into three main DNT groups based on the fluorescence pattern: (i) inhibition of neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation and stimulation of astrocyte differentiation; (ii) inhibition of neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation; and (iii) inhibition of neuron and astrocyte differentiation, which suggests that reporter expression reflects the toxicodynamics of the chemicals. Thus, the triple-transgenic zebrafish line developed here may be a useful tool to assess DNT during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Koiwa
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuka Adachi
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ikejiri
- Department of Central Laboratory, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Kaname Nakatani
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Zhou L, Liang H, Zhou X, Jia J, Ye C, Hu Q, Xu S, Yu Y, Zou G, Hu G. Genetic Characteristic and RNA-Seq Analysis in Transparent Mutant of Carp-Goldfish Nucleocytoplasmic Hybrid. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090704. [PMID: 31547242 PMCID: PMC6771007 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In teleost, pigment in the skin and scales played important roles in various biological processes. Iridophores, one of the main pigment cells in teleost, could produce silver pigments to reflect light. However, the specific mechanism of the formation of silver pigments is still unclear. In our previous study, some transparent mutant individuals were found in the carp-goldfish nucleocytoplasmic hybrid (CyCa hybrid) population. In the present study, using transparent mutants (TM) and wild type (WT) of the CyCa hybrid as a model, firstly, microscopic observations showed that the silver pigments and melanin were both lost in the scales of transparent mutants compared to that in wild types. Secondly, genetic study demonstrated that the transparent trait in the CyCa hybrid was recessively inherent, and controlled by an allele in line with Mendelism. Thirdly, RNA-Seq analysis showed that differential expression genes (DEGs) between wild type and transparent mutants were mainly enriched in the metabolism of guanine, such as hydrolase, guanyl nucleotide binding, guanyl ribonucleotide binding, and GTPase activity. Among the DEGs, purine nucleoside phosphorylase 4a (pnp4a) and endothelin receptor B (ednrb) were more highly expressed in the wild type compared to the transparent mutant (p < 0.05). Finally, miRNA-Seq analysis showed that miRNA-146a and miR-153b were both more highly expressed in the transparent mutant compared to that in wild type (p < 0.05). Interaction analysis between miRNAs and mRNAs indicated that miRNA-146a was associated with six DEGs (MGAT5B, MFAP4, GP2, htt, Sema6b, Obscn) that might be involved in silver pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jingyi Jia
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cheng Ye
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiongyao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yongning Yu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guiwei Zou
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Guangfu Hu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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50
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Hsu CH, Liou GG, Jiang YJ. Nicastrin Deficiency Induces Tyrosinase-Dependent Depigmentation and Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:404-414.e13. [PMID: 31437444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin depigmentation diseases, such as vitiligo, are pigmentation disorders that often destroy melanocytes. However, their pathological mechanisms remain unclear, and therefore, promising treatments or prevention has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that a zebrafish insertional mutant showing a significant reduction of nicastrin transcript possesses melanosome maturation defect, Tyrosinase-dependent mitochondrial swelling, and melanophore cell death. The depigmentation phenotypes are proven to be a result of γ-secretase inactivation. Furthermore, live imaging demonstrates that macrophages are recruited to and can phagocytose melanophore debris. Thus, we characterize a potential zebrafish depigmentation disease model, a nicastrinhi1384 mutant, which can be used for further treatment or drug development of diseases related to skin depigmentation and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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